id sid tid token lemma pos 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 1 Human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 2 cell cell NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 3 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 4 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 5 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 6 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 7 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 8 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 10 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 11 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 12 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 14 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 15 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 16 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 17 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 18 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 19 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 20 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 21 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 22 genomes genome VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 23 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 24 Human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 25 cell cell NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 26 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 27 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 28 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 29 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 30 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 31 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 32 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 33 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 34 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 35 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 36 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 37 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 38 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 39 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 40 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 41 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 42 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 43 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 44 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 45 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 46 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 47 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 48 3 3 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 49 Yuki Yuki NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 50 Iwasaki1 Iwasaki1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 51 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 52 Takashi Takashi NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 53 Abe2 Abe2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 54 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 55 Toshimichi Toshimichi NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 56 Ikemura1 Ikemura1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 57 4 4 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 58 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 1 59 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 1 Department Department NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 2 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 3 Bioscience Bioscience NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 4 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 5 Nagahama Nagahama NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 6 Institute Institute NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 8 Bio Bio NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 10 Science Science NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 11 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 12 Technology Technology NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 2 13 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 3 1 5 5 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 3 2 Shiga Shiga NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 3 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 3 4 Japan Japan NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 3 5 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 3 6 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 3 7 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 1 Graduate Graduate NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 2 School School NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 3 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 4 Science Science NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 5 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 6 Technology Technology NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 7 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 8 Niigata Niigata NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 9 University University NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 10 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 11 Niigata Niigata NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 13 Japan Japan NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 14 7 7 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 15 8 8 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 16 Abstract Abstract NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 17 9 9 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 18 Background background NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 19 10 10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 20 When when WRB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 21 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 22 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 23 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 24 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 25 grown grow VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 26 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 27 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 28 nonhuman nonhuman NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 29 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 30 starts start VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 31 an an DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 32 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 33 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 34 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 35 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 36 11 11 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 37 population population NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 38 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 39 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 40 cells cell NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 41 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 42 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 43 provide provide VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 44 growth growth NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 45 conditions condition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 46 ideal ideal JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 47 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 48 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 49 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 4 50 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 1 12 12 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 2 Therefore therefore RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 4 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 5 invasion invasion NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 6 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 7 severe severe JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 8 acute acute JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 9 respiratory respiratory JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 10 syndrome syndrome NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 11 coronavirus-2 coronavirus-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 12 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 13 SARS-13 SARS-13 , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 14 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 15 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 16 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 17 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 18 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 19 usually usually RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 20 prevalent prevalent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 21 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 22 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 23 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 24 population population NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 25 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 26 into into IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 27 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 28 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 29 population population NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 30 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 31 14 14 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 32 thought think VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 33 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 34 have have VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 35 necessitated necessitate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 36 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 37 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 38 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 39 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 40 genome genome NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 41 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 42 efficient efficient JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 43 growth growth NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 44 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 45 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 46 new new JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 47 15 15 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 48 environment environment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 5 49 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 1 In in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 2 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 3 present present JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 4 study study NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 5 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 6 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 7 understand understand VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 8 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 10 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 11 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 12 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 13 coronavirus coronavirus NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 14 16 16 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 15 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 16 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 17 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 18 focused focus VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 19 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 20 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 21 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 22 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 23 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 24 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 25 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 26 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 27 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 28 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 29 17 17 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 30 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 31 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 32 investigated investigate VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 33 how how WRB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 34 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 35 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 36 changed change VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 37 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 38 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 39 dependently dependently RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 40 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 41 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 42 18 18 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 43 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 44 cellular cellular JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 45 environment environment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 6 46 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 1 We -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 2 also also RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 3 compared compare VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 4 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 5 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 6 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 8 19 19 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 9 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 11 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 12 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 13 other other JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 14 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 15 prevalent prevalent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 16 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 17 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 18 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 19 bats bat NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 20 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 21 investigate investigate VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 22 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 23 20 20 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 24 causes cause NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 25 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 26 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 27 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 28 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 29 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 30 environment environment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 7 31 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 1 21 21 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 2 Results result NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 3 22 22 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 4 Time Time NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 5 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 6 series series NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 7 analyses analysis NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 8 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 9 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 10 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 11 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 12 nucleotide nucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 13 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 14 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 15 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 16 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 17 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 18 23 23 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 19 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 20 revealed reveal VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 21 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 22 group group NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 23 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 24 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 25 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 26 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 27 whose whose WP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 28 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 29 changed change VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 30 24 24 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 31 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 32 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 33 common common JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 34 direction direction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 35 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 36 all all DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 37 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 38 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 39 even even RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 40 though though IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 41 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 42 belonging belong VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 43 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 44 different different JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 45 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 46 25 25 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 47 should should MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 48 evolve evolve VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 49 independently independently RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 8 50 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 1 Interestingly interestingly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 3 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 4 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 5 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 6 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 7 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 8 26 26 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 9 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 11 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 12 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 13 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 14 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 15 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 16 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 17 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 18 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 19 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 20 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 21 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 22 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 23 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 24 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 25 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 26 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 27 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 28 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 29 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 30 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 31 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 32 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 33 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 34 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 35 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 36 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 37 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 38 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 39 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 40 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 41 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 42 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 43 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 44 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 45 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 46 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 9 47 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 23 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 24 changed change VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 25 towards towards IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 26 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 27 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 28 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 29 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 30 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 31 been be VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 32 prevalent prevalent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 33 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 34 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 35 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 36 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 37 long long JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 38 27 27 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 39 period period NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 40 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 41 away away RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 42 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 43 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 44 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 45 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 46 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 10 47 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 1 28 28 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 2 Conclusions Conclusions NNPS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 3 29 29 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 4 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 5 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 6 independent independent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 7 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 8 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 10 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 11 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 12 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 13 thought think VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 14 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 15 have have VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 16 biological biological JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 17 significance significance NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 18 30 30 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 19 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 20 should should MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 21 relate relate VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 22 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 23 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 24 adaptation adaptation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 25 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 26 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 27 new new JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 28 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 29 environment environment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 30 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 31 providing provide VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 32 important important JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 33 31 31 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 34 clues clue NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 35 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 36 understanding understand VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 37 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 38 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 39 adaptation adaptation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 40 mechanisms mechanism NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 11 41 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 1 32 32 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 2 33 33 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 3 Keyword Keyword NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 4 34 34 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 5 “ " `` 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 6 COVID-19 covid-19 JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 7 ” " '' 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 8 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 9 “ " `` 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 10 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 11 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 12 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 13 ” " '' 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 14 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 15 “ " `` 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 16 Oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 17 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 18 ” " '' 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 19 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 20 “ " `` 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 21 Time Time NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 22 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 23 series series NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 24 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 25 ” " '' 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 26 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 27 35 35 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 28 “ " `` 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 29 Big big JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 30 data datum NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 31 ” " '' 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 32 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 33 “ " `` 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 34 Zoonotic zoonotic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 35 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 36 ” " '' 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 37 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 38 “ " `` 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 39 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 40 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 41 ” " '' 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 42 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 43 “ " `` 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 44 Viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 45 adaptation adaptation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 46 ” " '' 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 47 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 48 “ " `` 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 49 Coronavirus Coronavirus NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 50 ” " '' 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 51 36 36 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 52 37 37 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 53 Background background NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 54 38 38 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 55 Severe severe JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 56 acute acute JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 57 respiratory respiratory JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 58 syndrome syndrome NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 59 coronavirus-2 coronavirus-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 60 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 61 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 62 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 63 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 64 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 65 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 66 an an DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 67 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 68 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 69 39 39 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 70 belonging belong VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 71 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 72 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 73 betacoronavirus betacoronavirus NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 74 genus genus NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 75 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 76 began begin VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 77 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 78 spread spread VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 79 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 80 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 81 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 82 population population NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 83 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 84 40 40 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 85 2019 2019 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 12 86 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 1 This this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 2 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 3 strain strain NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 4 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 5 believed believe VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 6 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 7 have have VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 8 been be VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 9 originally originally RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 10 prevalent prevalent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 11 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 12 bats bat NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 13 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 14 41 41 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 15 transferred transfer VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 16 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 17 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 18 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 19 population population NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 20 through through IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 21 intermediate intermediate JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 22 hosts host NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 23 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 24 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 25 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 13 26 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 1 Viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 2 growth growth NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 3 42 42 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 4 requires require VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 5 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 6 wide wide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 7 variety variety NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 8 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 9 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 10 factors factor NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 11 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 12 nucleotide nucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 13 pools pool NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 14 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 15 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 16 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 17 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 18 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 19 etc etc FW 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 20 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 14 21 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 1 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 2 43 43 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 3 should should MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 4 evade evade VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 5 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 6 diverse diverse JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 7 antiviral antiviral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 8 mechanisms mechanism NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 9 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 10 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 11 cells cell NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 12 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 13 antibodies antibody NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 14 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 15 killer killer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 16 T t NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 17 cells cell NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 18 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 19 44 44 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 20 interferon interferon NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 21 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 22 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 23 interference interference NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 24 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 25 etc etc FW 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 26 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 15 27 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 16 1 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 16 2 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 16 3 - - SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 16 4 4 4 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 16 5 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 16 6 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 1 Since since IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 2 ancestral ancestral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 3 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 5 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 6 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 7 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 8 45 45 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 9 thought think VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 10 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 11 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 12 endemic endemic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 13 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 14 bats bat NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 16 they -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 17 should should MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 18 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 19 well well RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 20 adapted adapt VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 21 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 23 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 24 environment environment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 25 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 26 46 46 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 27 when when WRB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 28 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 29 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 30 invades invade VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 31 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 32 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 33 population population NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 34 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 35 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 36 cells cell NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 37 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 38 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 39 provide provide VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 40 growth growth NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 41 47 47 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 42 conditions condition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 43 ideal ideal JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 44 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 45 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 46 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 17 47 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 1 For for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 2 efficient efficient JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 3 growth growth NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 4 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 5 rapid rapid JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 6 spread spread NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 8 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 9 infection infection NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 10 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 11 48 48 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 12 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 13 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 14 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 15 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 16 genome genome NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 17 should should MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 18 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 19 required require VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 18 20 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 1 Analyses analysis NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 2 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 3 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 5 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 6 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 7 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 8 49 49 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 9 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 11 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 12 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 14 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 15 population population NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 16 can can MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 17 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 18 used use VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 19 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 20 characterize characterize VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 21 how how WRB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 22 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 23 why why WRB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 24 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 25 50 50 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 26 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 27 change change VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 28 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 29 adapt adapt VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 30 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 31 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 32 new new JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 33 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 34 environment environment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 19 35 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 1 51 51 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 2 Due due IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 3 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 4 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 5 great great JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 6 threat threat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 8 COVID-19 COVID-19 , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 9 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 10 remarkable remarkable JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 11 development development NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 12 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 13 52 52 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 14 sequencing sequence VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 15 technology technology NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 16 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 17 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 18 massive massive JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 19 number number NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 20 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 21 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 22 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 23 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 24 genome genome NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 25 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 26 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 27 53 53 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 28 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 29 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 30 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 31 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 32 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 33 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 34 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 35 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 36 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 37 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 38 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 39 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 40 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 41 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 42 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 43 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 44 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 45 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 46 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 47 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 48 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 49 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 50 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 51 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 52 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 53 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 54 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 55 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 56 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 57 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 58 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 59 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 60 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 61 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 62 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 63 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 64 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 65 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 20 66 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 POS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 23 3 3 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 24 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 25 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 26 databases database NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 27 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 28 even even RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 29 though though IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 30 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 31 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 32 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 33 lasted last VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 34 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 35 approximately approximately RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 36 10 10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 37 54 54 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 38 months month NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 21 39 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 1 These these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 2 sequence sequence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 3 data datum NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 4 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 5 provided provide VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 6 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 7 wide wide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 8 range range NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 9 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 10 insights insight NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 11 into into IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 12 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 13 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 14 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 15 55 55 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 16 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 17 5,6 5,6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 18 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 22 19 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 1 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 2 methods method NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 3 based base VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 4 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 5 sequence sequence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 6 alignment alignment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 7 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 8 been be VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 9 widely widely RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 10 used use VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 11 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 12 56 56 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 13 molecular molecular JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 14 evolution evolution NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 15 studies study NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 16 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 17 7,8 7,8 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 18 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 19 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 20 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 21 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 22 methods method NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 23 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 24 well well RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 25 refined refined JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 26 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 27 essential essential JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 28 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 29 57 57 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 30 studying study VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 31 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 32 relationships relationship NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 33 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 34 different different JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 35 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 36 species specie NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 37 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 38 variations variation NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 39 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 40 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 41 58 58 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 42 same same JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 43 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 44 species specie NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 45 at at IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 46 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 47 single single JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 48 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 49 nucleotide nucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 50 level level NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 23 51 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 1 However however RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 3 when when WRB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 4 dealing deal VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 5 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 6 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 7 massive massive JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 8 59 59 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 9 number number NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 10 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 11 genome genome JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 12 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 14 methods method NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 15 based base VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 16 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 17 sequence sequence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 18 alignment alignment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 19 become become VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 20 60 60 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 21 problematic problematic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 22 because because IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 23 they -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 24 require require VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 25 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 26 large large JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 27 amount amount NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 28 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 29 computational computational JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 30 resources resource NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 24 31 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 1 61 61 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 2 We -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 3 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 4 continued continue VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 5 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 6 develop develop VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 7 sequence sequence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 8 alignment alignment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 10 free free JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 11 methods method NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 12 focused focus VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 13 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 14 62 62 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 15 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 16 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 17 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 18 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 19 genome genome JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 20 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 21 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 22 9 9 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 23 - - SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 24 12 12 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 25 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 25 26 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 1 Notably notably RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 3 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 4 63 63 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 5 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 6 varies vary VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 7 widely widely RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 8 among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 9 species specie NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 10 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 11 including include VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 12 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 14 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 15 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 16 designated designate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 17 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 18 64 64 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 19 genome genome NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 20 signatures signature NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 21 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 22 13 13 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 23 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 26 24 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 1 These these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 2 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 3 can can MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 4 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 5 treated treat VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 6 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 7 numerical numerical JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 8 data datum NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 10 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 11 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 12 65 65 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 13 massive massive JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 14 amount amount NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 15 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 16 sequence sequence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 17 data datum NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 18 can can MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 19 easily easily RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 20 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 21 subjected subject VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 22 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 23 various various JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 24 statistical statistical JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 25 analyses analysis NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 27 26 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 1 66 66 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 2 Furthermore furthermore RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 4 even even RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 5 genomic genomic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 6 fragments fragment NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 7 without without IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 8 orthologous orthologous JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 9 and/or and/or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 10 paralogous paralogous JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 11 pairs pair NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 12 can can MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 13 67 67 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 14 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 15 compared compare VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 16 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 17 11,12,14 11,12,14 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 18 - - SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 19 17 17 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 20 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 28 21 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 1 Specifically specifically RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 3 our -PRON- PRP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 4 previous previous JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 5 work work NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 6 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 7 influenza influenza FW 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 8 A a NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 10 type type NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 11 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 12 68 68 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 13 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 14 found find VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 15 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 16 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 17 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 18 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 19 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 20 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 21 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 22 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 23 differed differ VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 24 69 69 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 25 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 26 hosts host NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 27 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 28 e.g. e.g. RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 29 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 30 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 31 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 32 birds bird NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 33 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 34 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 35 even even RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 36 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 37 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 38 within within IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 39 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 40 same same JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 41 subtype subtype NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 42 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 43 e.g. e.g. RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 44 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 45 70 70 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 46 H1N1 H1N1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 47 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 48 H3N2 H3N2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 49 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 50 type type NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 51 A a NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 52 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 53 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 54 11,12,14 11,12,14 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 55 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 56 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 57 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 58 also also RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 59 examined examine VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 60 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 61 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 62 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 63 71 71 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 64 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 65 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 66 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 67 influenza influenza NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 68 H1N1/09 H1N1/09 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 69 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 70 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 71 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 72 been be VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 73 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 74 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 75 72 72 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 76 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 77 beginning begin VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 78 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 79 2009 2009 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 80 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 81 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 82 found find VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 83 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 84 their -PRON- PRP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 85 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 86 changed change VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 87 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 88 approach approach VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 89 73 73 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 90 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 91 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 92 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 93 seasonal seasonal JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 94 flu flu NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 95 strains strain VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 96 H1N1 H1N1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 97 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 98 H3N2 H3N2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 99 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 100 11 11 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 101 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 29 102 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 1 Furthermore furthermore RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 3 although although IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 4 epidemics epidemic NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 5 74 74 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 6 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 7 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 8 H1N1 H1N1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 9 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 10 H3N2 H3N2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 11 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 12 began begin VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 13 several several JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 14 decades decade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 15 apart apart RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 16 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 17 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 18 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 19 showed show VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 20 highly highly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 21 75 75 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 22 similar similar JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 23 chronological chronological JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 24 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 25 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 26 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 27 start start NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 28 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 29 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 30 epidemics epidemic NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 30 31 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 1 These these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 2 evolutionary evolutionary JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 3 yet yet RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 4 76 76 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 5 reproducible reproducible NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 6 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 7 suggest suggest VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 8 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 9 mutations mutation NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 10 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 11 adapt adapt VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 12 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 13 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 14 new new JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 15 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 16 environment environment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 17 77 77 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 18 inevitably inevitably RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 19 accumulate accumulate VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 20 when when WRB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 21 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 22 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 23 species specie NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 24 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 25 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 26 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 27 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 28 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 29 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 30 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 31 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 32 can can MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 33 78 78 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 34 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 35 efficiently efficiently RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 36 detected detect VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 37 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 38 analyzing analyze VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 39 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 40 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 31 41 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 1 79 79 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 2 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 3 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 4 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 5 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 6 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 7 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 8 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 9 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 10 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 11 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 12 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 13 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 14 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 15 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 16 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 17 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 18 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 19 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 20 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 21 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 22 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 23 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 24 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 25 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 26 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 27 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 28 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 29 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 30 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 31 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 32 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 33 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 34 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 35 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 36 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 37 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 38 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 39 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 32 40 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 POS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 23 4 4 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 24 Several several JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 25 groups group NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 26 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 27 including include VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 28 ours our NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 29 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 30 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 31 examined examine VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 32 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 33 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 34 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 35 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 36 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 37 80 80 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 38 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 39 during during IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 40 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 41 early early JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 42 stages stage NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 43 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 44 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 45 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 46 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 47 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 48 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 49 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 50 found find VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 51 clear clear JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 52 81 81 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 53 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 54 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 55 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 56 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 57 group group NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 58 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 59 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 60 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 61 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 62 detectable detectable JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 63 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 64 even even RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 65 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 66 82 82 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 67 monthly monthly JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 68 basis basis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 69 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 70 15,18,19 15,18,19 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 71 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 33 72 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 1 These these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 2 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 3 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 4 will will MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 5 allow allow VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 6 us -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 7 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 8 predict predict VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 9 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 10 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 11 83 83 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 12 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 13 near near JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 14 future future NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 34 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 1 Notably notably RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 3 near near JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 5 future future NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 6 prediction prediction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 7 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 8 verification verification NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 9 should should MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 10 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 11 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 12 most most RBS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 13 84 84 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 14 direct direct JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 15 ways way NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 16 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 17 test test VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 18 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 19 reliability reliability NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 20 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 21 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 22 obtained obtain VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 23 results result NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 24 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 25 models model NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 26 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 27 ideas idea NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 28 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 29 e.g. e.g. RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 30 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 31 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 32 85 85 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 33 discovered discover VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 34 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 35 influenza influenza NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 36 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 37 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 38 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 39 providing provide VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 40 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 41 new new JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 42 paradigm paradigm NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 43 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 44 molecular molecular JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 45 evolutionary evolutionary JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 46 86 86 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 47 studies study NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 35 48 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 1 In in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 2 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 3 context context NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 4 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 5 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 6 present present JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 7 study study NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 8 analyzed analyze VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 9 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 10 genome genome JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 11 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 12 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 13 over over IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 14 87 87 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 15 seventy seventy CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 16 thousand thousand CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 17 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 18 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 19 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 20 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 21 isolated isolate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 22 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 23 December December NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 24 2019 2019 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 25 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 26 September September NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 27 88 88 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 28 2020 2020 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 36 29 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 1 89 89 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 2 90 90 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 3 91 91 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 4 Results result NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 5 92 92 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 6 Directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 7 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 8 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 9 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 10 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 11 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 12 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 13 % % NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 14 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 15 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 16 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 17 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 18 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 19 93 93 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 20 For for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 21 fast fast RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 22 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 23 evolving evolve VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 24 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 25 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 26 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 27 diversity diversity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 28 within within IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 29 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 30 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 31 population population NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 32 arises arise VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 33 rapidly rapidly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 34 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 35 94 94 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 36 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 37 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 38 progresses progress NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 39 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 40 subpopulation subpopulation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 41 structure structure NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 42 forms form NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 43 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 44 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 45 GISAID GISAID NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 46 consortium consortium NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 47 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 48 95 95 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 49 defined define VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 50 at at IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 51 least least JJS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 52 seven seven CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 53 main main JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 54 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 55 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 56 G G NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 57 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 58 GH GH NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 59 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 60 GR GR NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 61 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 62 L L NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 63 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 64 V V NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 65 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 66 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 67 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 68 Others Others NNPS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 69 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 37 70 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 1 Notably notably RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 3 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 4 96 96 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 5 elementary elementary JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 6 processes process NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 8 molecular molecular JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 9 evolution evolution NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 10 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 11 based base VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 12 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 13 random random JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 14 mutations mutation NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 16 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 17 97 97 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 18 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 19 belonging belong VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 20 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 21 different different JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 22 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 23 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 24 thought think VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 25 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 26 have have VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 27 evolved evolve VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 28 independently independently RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 38 29 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 1 98 98 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 2 Therefore therefore RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 4 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 5 observation observation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 6 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 7 highly highly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 8 similar similar JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 9 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 11 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 12 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 13 independent independent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 14 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 15 99 99 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 16 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 17 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 18 certain certain JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 19 biological biological JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 20 meanings meaning NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 21 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 22 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 23 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 24 inevitable inevitable JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 25 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 26 efficient efficient JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 27 growth growth NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 28 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 29 100 100 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 30 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 31 cells cell NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 39 32 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 1 From from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 2 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 3 perspective perspective NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 4 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 5 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 6 first first RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 7 examined examine VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 8 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 10 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 11 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 12 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 14 101 101 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 15 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 16 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 17 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 18 % % NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 19 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 20 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 21 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 22 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 23 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 24 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 25 isolated isolate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 26 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 27 December December NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 28 102 102 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 29 2019 2019 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 30 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 31 September September NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 32 2020 2020 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 40 33 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 1 103 103 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 2 Among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 3 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 4 seven seven CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 5 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 6 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 7 G G NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 8 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 9 GH GH NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 10 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 11 GR GR NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 13 L L NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 14 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 15 V V NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 16 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 17 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 18 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 19 Others Others NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 20 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 21 reported report VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 22 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 23 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 24 104 104 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 25 GISAID GISAID NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 26 consortium consortium NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 27 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 28 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 29 used use VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 30 six six CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 31 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 32 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 33 G G NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 34 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 35 GH GH NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 36 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 37 GR GR NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 38 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 39 L L NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 40 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 41 V V NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 42 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 43 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 44 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 45 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 46 excluding exclude VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 47 Others Others NNPS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 48 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 49 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 50 105 105 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 51 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 52 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 41 53 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 1 For for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 2 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 3 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 5 series series NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 6 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 7 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 8 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 9 calculated calculate VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 10 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 11 average average JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 12 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 13 106 106 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 14 .CC .CC NFP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 15 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 16 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 17 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 18 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 19 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 20 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 21 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 22 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 23 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 24 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 25 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 26 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 27 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 28 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 29 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 30 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 31 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 32 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 33 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 34 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 35 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 36 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 37 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 38 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 39 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 40 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 41 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 42 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 43 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 44 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 45 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 46 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 47 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 48 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 49 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 50 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 51 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 42 52 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 23 5 5 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 24 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 25 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 26 % % NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 27 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 28 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 29 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 30 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 31 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 32 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 33 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 34 collected collect VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 35 monthly monthly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 36 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 37 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 38 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 43 39 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 1 1A 1a CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 3 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 4 107 107 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 5 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 6 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 8 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 9 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 10 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 11 shown show VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 12 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 13 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 14 colored colored JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 15 line line NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 16 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 17 while while IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 18 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 19 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 20 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 21 108 108 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 22 monthly monthly JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 23 collected collect VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 24 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 25 belonging belong VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 26 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 27 all all DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 28 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 29 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 30 shown show VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 31 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 32 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 33 dashed dash VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 34 line line NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 44 35 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 1 109 109 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 2 Regardless regardless RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 3 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 4 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 5 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 6 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 7 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 8 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 9 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 10 decreased decrease VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 11 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 12 while while IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 13 that that DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 14 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 15 U u NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 16 increased increase VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 17 110 110 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 18 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 19 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 20 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 21 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 22 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 23 manner manner NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 24 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 25 but but CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 26 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 27 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 28 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 29 A a NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 30 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 31 G g NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 32 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 33 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 34 less less RBR 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 35 clear clear JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 36 111 111 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 37 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 38 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 45 39 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 46 1 1A 1a LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 46 2 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 46 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 1 Correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 2 coefficients coefficient NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 3 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 4 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 5 mononucleotide mononucleotide NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 6 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 7 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 8 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 9 112 112 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 10 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 11 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 12 start start NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 13 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 14 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 15 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 16 showed show VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 17 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 18 high high JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 19 negative negative JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 20 correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 21 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 22 C c NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 23 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 24 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 25 high high JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 26 113 113 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 27 positive positive JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 28 correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 29 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 30 U u NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 31 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 32 all all DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 33 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 34 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 35 but but CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 36 there there EX 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 37 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 38 no no DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 39 clear clear JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 40 directionality directionality NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 41 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 42 A a NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 43 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 44 114 114 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 45 G g NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 46 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 47 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 47 48 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 48 1 1A 1a CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 48 2 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 48 3 Tables Tables NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 48 4 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 48 5 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 48 6 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 48 7 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 48 8 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 1 These these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 2 results result NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 3 indicate indicate VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 4 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 5 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 6 mononucleotide mononucleotide NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 7 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 8 115 115 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 9 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 10 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 11 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 12 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 13 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 14 prone prone JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 15 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 16 biased biased JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 17 mutations mutation NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 18 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 19 reduce reduce VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 20 C c NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 21 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 22 increase increase VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 23 U u NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 24 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 25 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 26 116 116 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 27 mutated mutate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 28 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 29 tend tend VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 30 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 31 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 32 more more RBR 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 33 favorable favorable JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 34 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 35 growth growth NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 36 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 37 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 38 cells cell NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 49 39 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 1 117 117 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 2 118 118 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 3 Directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 4 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 5 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 6 short short JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 7 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 8 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 9 119 119 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 10 Oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 11 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 12 known know VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 13 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 14 act act VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 15 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 16 functional functional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 17 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 18 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 19 such such JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 20 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 21 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 22 sites site NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 23 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 24 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 25 wide wide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 26 120 120 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 27 variety variety NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 28 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 29 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 30 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 31 target target VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 32 sites site NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 33 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 34 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 35 modifications modification NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 50 36 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 1 Therefore therefore RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 3 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 4 121 121 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 5 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 6 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 7 some some DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 8 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 9 independent independent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 10 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 11 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 12 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 13 relate relate VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 14 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 15 certain certain JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 16 processes process NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 17 122 122 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 18 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 19 adaptation adaptation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 20 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 21 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 22 new new JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 23 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 24 environment environment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 51 25 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 2 previous previous JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 3 work work NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 4 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 5 influenza influenza NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 6 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 7 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 8 123 123 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 9 found find VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 10 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 12 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 13 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 14 varied varied JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 15 among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 16 prevalent prevalent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 17 hosts host NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 18 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 19 11,12 11,12 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 20 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 21 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 22 124 124 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 23 notably notably RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 24 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 25 although although IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 26 influenza influenza NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 27 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 28 isolated isolate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 29 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 30 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 31 tended tend VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 32 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 33 prefer prefer VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 34 A a NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 35 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 36 U u NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 37 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 38 but but CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 39 125 125 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 40 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 41 G g NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 42 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 43 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 44 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 45 more more JJR 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 46 than than IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 47 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 48 isolated isolate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 49 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 50 birds bird NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 51 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 52 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 53 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 54 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 55 showed show VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 56 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 57 126 126 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 58 preference preference NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 59 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 60 GGCG GGCG NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 61 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 62 GGGG GGGG NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 63 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 64 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 65 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 66 G- G- NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 67 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 68 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 69 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 70 rich rich JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 52 71 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 1 Importantly importantly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 3 there there EX 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 4 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 5 127 127 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 6 various various JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 7 examples example NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 8 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 9 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 10 whose whose WP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 11 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 12 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 13 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 14 can can MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 15 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 16 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 17 128 128 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 18 explained explain VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 19 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 20 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 21 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 22 mononucleotide mononucleotide NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 23 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 24 alone alone RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 25 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 26 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 27 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 28 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 29 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 30 129 129 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 31 relate relate VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 32 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 33 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 34 molecular molecular JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 35 mechanisms mechanism NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 36 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 37 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 38 adaptation adaptation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 39 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 40 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 41 new new JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 42 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 53 43 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 1 130 130 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 2 From from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 3 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 4 perspective perspective NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 5 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 6 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 7 next next RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 8 analyzed analyze VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 9 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 11 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 12 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 13 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 14 di- di- NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 15 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 16 131 131 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 17 trinucleotide trinucleotide NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 18 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 19 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 20 found find VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 21 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 22 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 23 group group NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 24 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 25 di- di- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 26 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 27 trinucleotides trinucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 28 showed show VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 29 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 30 132 132 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 31 highly highly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 32 positive positive JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 33 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 34 negative negative JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 35 correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 36 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 37 Figs fig NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 54 38 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 55 1 1B 1B NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 55 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 55 3 S1 S1 NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 55 4 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 55 5 Tables Tables NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 55 6 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 55 7 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 55 8 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 55 9 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 55 10 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 1 Interestingly interestingly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 3 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 4 133 133 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 5 .CC .cc SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 6 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 7 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 8 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 9 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 10 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 11 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 12 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 13 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 14 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 15 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 16 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 17 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 18 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 19 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 20 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 21 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 22 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 23 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 24 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 25 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 26 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 27 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 28 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 29 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 30 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 31 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 32 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 33 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 34 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 35 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 36 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 37 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 38 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 39 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 40 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 41 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 42 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 56 43 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 23 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 24 group group NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 25 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 26 A- A- NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 27 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 28 G G NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 29 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 30 rich rich JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 31 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 32 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 33 such such JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 34 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 35 GAG GAG NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 36 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 37 GGA GGA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 38 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 39 showed show VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 40 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 41 high high JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 42 positive positive JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 43 134 134 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 44 correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 45 independent independent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 46 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 47 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 48 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 49 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 50 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 51 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 52 expected expect VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 53 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 54 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 55 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 56 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 57 135 135 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 58 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 59 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 60 alone alone RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 57 61 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 1 To to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 2 confirm confirm VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 3 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 4 extent extent NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 5 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 6 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 7 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 8 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 9 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 10 also also RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 11 136 136 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 12 calculated calculate VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 14 fold fold JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 15 change change NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 16 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 17 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 18 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 19 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 20 first first JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 21 isolated isolated JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 22 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 23 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 24 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 25 last last JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 26 137 137 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 27 examined examine VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 28 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 29 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 30 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 58 31 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 1 2 2 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 2 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 3 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 4 found find VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 5 clear clear JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 6 increases increase NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 7 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 8 decreases decrease NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 9 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 10 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 11 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 12 138 138 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 13 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 14 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 15 common common JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 16 among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 17 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 18 six six CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 19 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 20 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 21 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 22 supports support VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 23 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 24 result result NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 25 139 139 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 26 presented present VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 27 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 28 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 59 29 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 60 1 1 1 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 60 2 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 60 3 Tables Tables NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 60 4 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 60 5 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 60 6 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 60 7 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 1 140 140 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 2 141 141 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 3 Changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 4 towards towards IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 5 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 6 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 8 other other JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 9 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 10 prevalent prevalent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 11 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 12 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 13 142 142 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 14 In in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 15 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 16 previous previous JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 17 study study NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 18 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 19 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 20 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 21 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 22 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 23 16 16 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 24 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 25 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 26 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 27 analyzed analyze VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 28 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 29 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 30 dinucleotide dinucleotide VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 31 143 143 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 32 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 33 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 34 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 35 first first JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 36 four four CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 37 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 38 months month NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 39 without without IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 40 separating separate VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 41 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 42 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 43 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 44 144 144 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 45 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 61 46 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 62 1 Notably notably RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 62 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 62 3 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 62 4 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 62 5 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 62 6 shown show VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 62 7 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 62 8 Figs Figs NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 62 9 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 1 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 2 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 3 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 4 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 5 Tables Tables NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 6 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 7 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 8 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 9 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 10 145 145 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 11 absolutely absolutely RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 12 consistent consistent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 13 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 14 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 15 previous previous JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 16 results result NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 17 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 18 even even RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 19 when when WRB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 20 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 21 six six CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 22 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 23 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 24 separately separately RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 25 146 146 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 26 analyzed analyze VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 63 27 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 1 In in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 2 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 3 previous previous JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 4 study study NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 5 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 6 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 7 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 8 series series NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 9 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 10 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 11 ebolavirus ebolavirus NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 12 at at IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 14 beginning beginning NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 15 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 16 147 147 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 17 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 18 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 19 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 20 West West NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 21 Africa Africa NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 22 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 23 2014 2014 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 24 also also RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 25 showed show VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 26 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 27 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 28 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 29 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 30 group group NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 31 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 32 148 148 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 33 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 34 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 35 dinucleotide dinucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 36 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 37 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 38 but but CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 39 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 40 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 41 increases increase NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 42 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 43 decreases decrease NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 44 tended tend VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 45 149 149 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 46 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 47 slow slow VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 48 approximately approximately RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 49 10 10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 50 months month NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 51 after after IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 52 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 53 start start NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 54 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 55 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 56 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 64 57 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 2 increase increase NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 3 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 4 decrease decrease VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 5 150 150 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 6 trend trend NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 7 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 8 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 10 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 11 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 12 far far RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 13 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 14 slowing slow VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 15 after after IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 16 10 10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 17 months month NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 18 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 19 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 20 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 21 next next JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 22 important important JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 23 151 151 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 24 questions question NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 25 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 26 how how WRB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 27 long long RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 28 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 29 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 30 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 31 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 32 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 33 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 34 will will MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 35 last last VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 36 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 37 whether whether IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 38 there there EX 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 39 152 152 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 40 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 41 possible possible JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 42 goals goal NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 43 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 44 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 45 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 65 46 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 1 153 153 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 2 To to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 3 conduct conduct VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 4 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 5 near near JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 6 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 7 future future NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 8 prediction prediction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 10 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 11 following follow VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 12 information information NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 13 concerning concern VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 14 154 154 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 15 influenza influenza NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 16 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 17 should should MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 18 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 19 useful useful JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 66 20 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 1 As as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 2 mentioned mention VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 3 before before RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 4 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 5 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 6 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 7 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 8 155 155 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 9 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 10 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 11 influenza influenza NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 12 H1N1/09 H1N1/09 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 13 changed change VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 14 towards towards IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 15 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 16 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 17 seasonal seasonal JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 18 influenza influenza NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 19 strains strain VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 20 156 156 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 21 such such JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 22 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 23 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 24 H1N1 H1N1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 25 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 26 H3N2 H3N2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 27 subtypes subtype NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 28 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 29 11 11 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 30 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 67 31 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 1 Furthermore furthermore RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 3 all all PDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 4 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 5 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 6 subtypes subtype NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 7 157 157 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 8 showed show VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 9 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 10 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 11 away away RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 12 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 14 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 15 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 16 all all DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 17 avian avian JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 18 influenza influenza NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 19 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 20 158 158 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 21 subtypes subtype NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 22 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 23 closer close JJR 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 24 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 25 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 26 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 27 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 28 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 29 influenza influenza NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 30 B b NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 31 type type NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 32 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 33 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 34 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 35 been be VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 36 prevalent prevalent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 37 159 159 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 38 only only RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 39 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 40 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 41 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 42 14 14 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 43 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 68 44 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 1 If if IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 2 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 3 assume assume VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 4 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 5 changes change VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 6 similar similar JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 7 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 8 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 9 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 10 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 11 influenza influenza NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 12 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 13 160 160 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 14 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 15 - - : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 16 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 17 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 18 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 19 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 20 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 21 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 22 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 23 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 24 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 25 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 26 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 27 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 28 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 29 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 30 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 31 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 32 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 33 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 34 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 35 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 36 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 37 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 38 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 39 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 40 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 41 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 42 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 43 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 44 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 45 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 46 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 47 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 48 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 49 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 50 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 51 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 69 52 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 23 7 7 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 24 will will MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 25 occur occur VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 26 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 27 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 28 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 29 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 30 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 31 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 32 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 33 interest interest NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 34 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 35 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 36 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 37 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 38 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 39 161 161 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 40 expected expect VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 41 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 42 change change VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 43 towards towards IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 44 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 45 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 46 other other JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 47 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 48 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 49 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 50 been be VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 51 prevalent prevalent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 52 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 53 162 162 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 54 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 55 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 56 away away RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 57 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 58 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 59 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 60 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 61 prevalent prevalent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 62 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 63 bats bat NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 70 64 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 1 To to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 2 test test VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 3 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 4 hypothesis hypothesis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 5 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 6 163 163 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 7 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 8 analyzed analyze VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 9 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 10 following follow VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 11 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 12 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 13 238 238 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 14 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 15 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 16 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 17 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 18 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 19 alphacoronaviruses alphacoronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 20 164 164 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 21 229E 229e CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 22 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 23 NL63 NL63 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 24 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 25 betacoronaviruses betacoronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 26 HKU1 HKU1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 27 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 28 OC43 OC43 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 29 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 30 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 31 166 166 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 32 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 33 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 34 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 35 strains strain VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 36 165 165 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 37 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 38 alphacoronaviruses alphacoronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 39 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 40 betacoronaviruses betacoronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 41 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 42 including include VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 43 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 44 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 45 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 46 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 71 47 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 72 1 166 166 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 72 2 As as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 72 3 shown show VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 72 4 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 72 5 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 72 6 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 1 3A 3A NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 3 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 4 compared compare VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 5 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 6 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 7 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 8 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 9 167 167 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 10 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 11 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 12 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 13 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 14 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 15 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 16 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 17 human- human- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 18 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 19 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 20 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 21 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 22 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 23 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 24 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 25 data datum NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 26 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 27 bat bat NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 28 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 29 168 168 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 30 among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 31 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 32 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 33 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 34 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 35 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 36 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 37 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 38 thought think VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 39 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 40 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 41 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 42 original original JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 43 strain strain NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 44 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 45 caused cause VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 46 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 47 current current JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 48 169 169 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 49 COVID-19 covid-19 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 50 pandemic pandemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 51 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 52 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 53 marked mark VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 54 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 55 pink pink NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 73 56 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 1 Interestingly interestingly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 3 concerning concern VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 4 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 5 human- human- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 6 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 7 170 170 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 8 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 10 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 11 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 13 differences difference NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 14 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 15 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 16 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 17 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 18 more more RBR 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 19 pronounced pronounce VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 20 171 171 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 21 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 22 hosts host NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 23 than than IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 24 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 25 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 26 alpha alpha NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 27 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 28 beta beta NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 29 linages linage NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 30 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 31 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 32 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 33 levels level NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 34 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 35 all all DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 36 six six CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 37 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 38 172 172 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 39 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 40 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 41 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 42 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 43 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 44 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 45 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 46 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 47 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 48 two two CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 49 hosts host NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 74 50 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 75 1 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 75 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 1 3B 3B NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 2 shows show VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 3 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 4 results result NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 5 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 6 di- di- NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 7 173 173 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 8 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 9 trinucleotides trinucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 10 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 11 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 12 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 14 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 16 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 17 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 18 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 19 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 20 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 21 primarily primarily RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 22 174 174 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 23 common common JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 24 among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 25 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 26 six six CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 27 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 76 28 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 2 increases increase NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 3 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 4 decreases decrease NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 5 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 6 nucleotide nucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 7 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 8 175 175 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 9 observed observe VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 10 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 11 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 12 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 13 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 14 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 15 Figs Figs NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 77 16 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 1 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 2 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 3 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 4 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 5 indicated indicate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 6 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 7 hollow hollow JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 8 up up RP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 9 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 10 down down IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 11 176 176 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 12 arrows arrow NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 14 respectively respectively RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 78 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 1 Interestingly interestingly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 3 all all DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 4 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 5 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 6 interest interest NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 7 tended tend VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 8 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 9 move move VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 10 away away RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 11 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 12 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 13 177 177 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 14 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 15 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 16 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 17 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 18 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 19 approach approach VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 20 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 21 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 22 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 23 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 24 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 25 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 26 supporting support VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 27 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 28 view view NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 29 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 30 178 178 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 31 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 32 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 33 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 34 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 35 interest interest NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 36 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 37 biological biological JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 38 significance significance NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 39 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 40 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 41 possibly possibly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 42 179 179 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 43 inevitable inevitable JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 44 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 45 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 46 observed observe VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 47 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 48 influenza influenza NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 49 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 79 50 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 1 Assuming assume VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 2 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 3 approaching approach VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 4 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 5 levels level NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 6 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 7 180 180 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 8 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 10 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 11 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 12 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 14 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 15 goal goal NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 16 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 17 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 18 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 19 change change NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 20 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 21 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 22 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 23 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 24 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 25 181 181 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 26 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 27 current current JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 28 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 29 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 30 far far RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 31 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 32 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 33 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 34 goal goal NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 35 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 36 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 80 37 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 1 3 3 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 2 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 3 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 4 therefore therefore RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 5 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 6 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 7 182 182 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 8 predict predict VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 9 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 10 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 11 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 12 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 13 interest interest NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 14 will will MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 15 continue continue VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 16 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 17 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 18 near near JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 19 future future NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 81 20 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 1 183 183 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 2 Then then RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 4 assuming assume VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 5 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 6 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 7 average average JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 8 value value NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 9 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 10 all all DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 11 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 12 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 13 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 14 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 15 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 16 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 17 184 184 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 18 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 19 goal goal NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 20 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 21 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 22 investigated investigate VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 23 how how WRB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 24 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 25 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 26 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 27 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 28 approached approach VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 29 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 30 possible possible JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 31 goal goal NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 82 32 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 1 185 185 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 2 Specifically specifically RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 4 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 5 calculated calculate VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 6 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 7 square square NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 8 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 9 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 10 difference difference NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 11 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 12 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 13 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 14 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 15 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 16 186 186 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 17 nucleotide nucleotide RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 18 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 19 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 20 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 21 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 22 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 23 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 24 average average JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 25 value value NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 26 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 27 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 28 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 29 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 30 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 31 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 32 plotted plot VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 33 187 187 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 34 .CC .CC , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 35 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 36 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 37 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 38 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 39 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 40 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 41 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 42 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 43 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 44 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 45 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 46 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 47 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 48 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 49 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 50 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 51 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 52 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 53 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 54 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 55 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 56 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 57 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 58 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 59 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 60 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 61 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 62 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 63 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 64 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 65 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 66 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 67 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 68 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 69 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 70 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 71 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 83 72 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 23 8 8 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 24 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 25 values value NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 26 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 27 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 28 difference difference NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 29 according accord VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 30 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 31 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 32 elapsed elapse VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 33 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 34 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 35 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 36 nucleotide nucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 84 37 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 1 188 188 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 2 Changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 3 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 4 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 5 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 6 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 7 both both DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 8 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 9 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 10 U U NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 11 clearly clearly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 12 reduced reduce VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 13 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 14 difference difference NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 16 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 17 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 18 189 189 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 19 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 20 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 21 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 22 nucleotides nucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 23 approached approach VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 24 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 25 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 26 goal goal NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 27 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 28 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 85 29 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 1 4A 4A NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 2 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 3 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 5 190 190 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 6 linear linear JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 7 reduction reduction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 8 supports support VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 9 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 10 prediction prediction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 11 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 12 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 13 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 14 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 15 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 16 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 17 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 18 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 19 191 191 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 20 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 21 U u NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 22 will will MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 23 continue continue VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 24 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 25 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 26 foreseeable foreseeable JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 27 future future NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 86 28 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 1 In in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 2 contrast contrast NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 4 A a NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 5 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 6 G G NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 7 did do VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 8 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 9 show show VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 10 192 192 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 11 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 12 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 13 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 14 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 16 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 17 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 18 most most RBS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 19 likely likely JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 20 due due IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 21 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 22 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 23 absence absence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 24 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 25 clear clear JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 26 193 193 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 27 differences difference NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 28 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 29 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 30 A a NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 31 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 32 G g NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 33 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 34 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 35 human- human- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 36 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 37 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 38 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 39 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 40 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 41 i.e. i.e. FW 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 42 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 43 there there EX 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 44 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 45 no no DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 46 194 194 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 47 possible possible JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 48 target target NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 49 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 50 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 87 51 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 88 1 3A 3A NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 88 2 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 88 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 89 1 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 89 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 1 4B 4B NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 2 shows show VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 3 examples example NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 4 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 5 di- di- XX 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 6 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 7 trinucleotides trinucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 8 whose whose WP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 9 195 195 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 10 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 11 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 12 moved move VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 13 towards towards IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 14 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 15 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 16 goal goal NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 17 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 18 but but CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 19 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 90 20 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 1 4C 4C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 2 shows show VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 3 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 4 few few JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 5 196 196 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 6 exceptional exceptional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 7 nucleotides nucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 8 whose whose WP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 9 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 10 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 11 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 12 changed change VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 13 towards towards IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 14 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 15 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 16 197 197 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 17 goal goal NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 18 but but CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 19 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 20 changed change VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 21 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 22 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 23 common common JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 24 directionality directionality NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 25 among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 26 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 27 six six CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 28 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 91 29 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 92 1 In in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 92 2 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 92 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 1 4D 4d CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 3 198 198 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 4 correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 5 coefficients coefficient NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 6 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 7 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 8 above above JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 9 difference difference NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 10 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 11 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 12 elapsed elapse VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 13 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 14 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 15 199 199 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 16 presented present VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 93 17 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 1 Most Most JJS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 2 nucleotides nucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 3 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 4 interest interest NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 5 showed show VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 6 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 7 negative negative JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 8 coefficient coefficient NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 9 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 10 i.e. i.e. FW 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 11 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 12 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 13 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 14 200 200 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 15 change change NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 16 towards towards IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 17 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 18 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 19 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 20 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 21 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 22 but but CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 23 three three CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 24 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 25 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 26 GG GG NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 27 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 28 AGC AGC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 29 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 30 CAU CAU NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 31 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 32 showed show VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 33 201 201 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 34 positive positive JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 35 coefficients coefficient NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 36 indicating indicate VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 37 an an DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 38 increase increase NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 39 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 40 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 41 difference difference NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 42 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 43 i.e. i.e. FW 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 44 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 45 moving move VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 46 away away RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 47 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 48 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 49 202 202 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 50 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 51 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 52 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 53 level level NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 54 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 94 55 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 1 For for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 2 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 3 opposing oppose VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 4 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 5 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 7 certain certain JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 8 causes cause NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 9 specific specific JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 10 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 11 203 203 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 12 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 13 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 14 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 15 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 16 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 17 assumed assume VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 95 18 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 1 204 204 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 2 205 205 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 3 Motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 4 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 5 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 6 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 7 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 8 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 9 206 206 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 10 Next next RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 11 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 12 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 13 considered consider VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 14 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 15 mechanisms mechanism NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 16 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 17 move move VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 18 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 19 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 20 away away RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 21 207 207 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 22 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 23 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 24 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 25 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 26 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 27 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 28 closer close JJR 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 29 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 30 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 31 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 32 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 33 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 96 34 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 1 Certain certain JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 2 208 208 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 3 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 4 cellular cellular JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 5 factors factor NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 6 involved involve VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 7 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 8 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 9 growth growth NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 10 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 11 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 12 candidates candidate NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 13 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 14 such such JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 15 mechanisms mechanism NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 97 16 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 1 209 209 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 2 When when WRB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 3 considering consider VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 4 possible possible JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 5 protein protein NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 6 factors factor NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 7 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 8 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 9 longer long JJR 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 10 than than IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 11 trinucleotides trinucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 12 210 210 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 13 should should MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 14 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 15 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 16 focus focus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 98 17 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 1 As as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 2 an an DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 3 attempt attempt NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 4 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 5 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 6 here here RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 7 focused focus VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 8 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 9 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 10 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 11 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 12 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 13 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 14 211 211 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 15 because because IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 17 binding binding NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 18 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 19 hepatitis hepatitis NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 20 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 21 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 22 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 23 known know VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 24 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 25 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 26 involved involve VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 27 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 28 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 29 growth growth NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 30 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 31 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 32 212 212 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 33 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 34 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 35 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 36 20 20 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 37 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 99 38 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 1 We -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 2 thus thus RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 3 searched search VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 4 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 5 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 7 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 8 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 10 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 11 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 12 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 13 213 213 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 14 coronavirus coronavirus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 15 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 16 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 17 see see VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 18 Methods Methods NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 19 section section NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 20 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 21 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 22 found find VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 23 multiple multiple JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 24 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 25 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 26 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 27 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 28 214 214 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 29 .CC .CC , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 30 - - : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 31 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 32 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 33 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 34 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 35 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 36 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 37 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 38 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 39 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 40 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 41 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 42 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 43 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 44 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 45 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 46 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 47 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 48 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 49 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 50 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 51 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 52 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 53 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 54 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 55 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 56 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 57 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 58 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 59 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 60 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 61 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 62 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 63 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 64 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 65 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 66 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 100 67 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 23 9 9 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 24 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 25 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 26 protein protein NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 101 27 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 1 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 2 3 3 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 3 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 4 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 5 Table Table NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 6 S10 S10 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 7 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 8 lists list VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 9 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 10 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 11 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 12 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 13 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 14 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 15 time-215 time-215 JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 16 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 17 change change NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 18 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 19 primarily primarily RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 20 common common JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 21 among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 22 six six CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 23 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 102 24 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 103 1 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 103 2 3 3 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 103 3 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 103 4 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 103 5 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 1 5A 5a RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 2 show show VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 3 216 216 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 4 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 5 only only RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 6 ELAVL1 elavl1 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 7 showed show VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 8 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 9 positive positive JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 10 correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 11 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 12 but but CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 14 other other JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 15 nine nine CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 16 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 17 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 18 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 19 3 3 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 20 217 217 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 21 showed show VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 22 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 23 negative negative JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 24 correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 25 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 26 almost almost RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 27 all all DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 28 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 29 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 30 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 31 results result NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 32 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 33 other other JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 34 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 35 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 36 218 218 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 37 presented present VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 38 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 39 Table Table NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 40 S12 S12 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 104 41 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 1 219 219 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 2 We -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 3 next next RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 4 compared compare VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 5 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 6 numbers number NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 8 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 9 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 10 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 11 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 12 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 13 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 14 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 15 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 16 220 220 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 17 numbers number NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 18 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 19 human- human- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 20 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 21 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 22 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 23 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 24 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 25 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 26 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 105 27 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 106 1 5B 5b JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 106 2 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 106 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 1 Of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 2 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 3 ten ten CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 4 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 5 shown show VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 6 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 7 Table Table NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 8 3 3 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 10 221 221 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 11 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 12 only only JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 13 elevated elevated JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 14 motif motif NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 16 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 17 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 18 ELAVL1 elavl1 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 19 binding binding NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 20 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 21 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 22 found find VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 23 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 24 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 25 significantly significantly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 26 higher high JJR 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 27 222 222 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 28 number number NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 29 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 30 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 31 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 32 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 33 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 34 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 35 than than IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 36 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 37 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 38 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 39 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 40 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 41 but but CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 42 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 43 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 44 PCBP2 pcbp2 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 45 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 46 SRSF1 SRSF1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 47 223 223 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 48 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 49 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 50 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 51 tended tend VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 52 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 53 decrease decrease VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 54 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 55 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 56 3 3 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 57 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 58 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 59 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 60 found find VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 61 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 62 significantly significantly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 63 fewer few JJR 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 64 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 65 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 66 224 224 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 67 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 68 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 107 69 CoV. cov. NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 1 These these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 2 observations observation NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 3 appear appear VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 4 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 5 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 6 consistent consistent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 7 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 8 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 9 features feature NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 10 found find VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 11 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 12 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 13 225 225 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 14 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 16 di- di- XX 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 17 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 18 trinucleotide trinucleotide VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 19 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 20 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 21 interest interest NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 108 22 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 1 However however RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 3 unlike unlike IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 4 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 5 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 7 226 226 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 8 there there EX 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 9 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 10 significant significant JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 11 diversity diversity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 12 within within IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 13 even even RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 14 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 15 single single JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 16 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 17 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 18 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 19 appears appear VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 20 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 21 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 22 greater great JJR 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 23 227 227 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 24 than than IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 25 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 26 differences difference NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 27 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 28 hosts host NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 29 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 30 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 31 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 32 possible possible JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 33 exception exception NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 34 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 35 ELAVL1 elavl1 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 109 36 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 1 In in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 2 regard regard NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 3 228 228 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 4 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 5 long long JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 6 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 7 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 8 they -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 9 should should MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 10 carry carry VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 11 out out RP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 12 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 13 variety variety NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 14 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 15 functions function NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 16 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 17 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 18 mutations mutation NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 19 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 20 229 229 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 21 accumulate accumulate NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 22 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 24 functional functional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 25 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 26 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 27 have have VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 28 complex complex JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 29 effects effect NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 30 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 31 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 32 presence presence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 33 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 34 230 230 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 35 functional functional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 36 motif motif NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 37 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 38 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 39 so so CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 40 an an DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 41 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 42 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 43 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 44 new new JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 45 perspective perspective NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 46 appears appear VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 47 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 48 become become VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 49 231 231 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 50 important important JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 110 51 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 1 232 232 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 2 233 233 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 3 Discussion Discussion NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 4 234 234 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 5 We -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 6 first first RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 7 discuss discuss VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 8 possible possible JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 9 molecular molecular JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 10 mechanisms mechanism NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 11 related relate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 12 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 13 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 14 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 15 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 16 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 17 235 235 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 18 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 19 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 20 mononucleotide mononucleotide NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 21 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 111 22 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 112 1 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 112 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 1 1A 1A NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 2 shows show VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 3 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 4 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 5 frequency frequency NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 6 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 7 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 8 tended tend VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 9 236 236 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 10 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 11 decrease decrease VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 12 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 13 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 14 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 15 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 16 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 17 while while IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 18 that that DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 19 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 20 U u PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 21 tended tend VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 22 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 23 increase increase VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 113 24 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 1 Since since IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 2 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 3 similar similar JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 4 change change NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 5 237 237 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 6 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 7 previously previously RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 8 found find VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 9 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 10 MERS MERS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 11 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 12 all all DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 13 A a NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 14 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 15 type type NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 16 influenza influenza NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 17 subtypes subtype NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 18 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 19 12,14 12,14 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 20 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 21 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 22 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 23 238 238 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 24 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 25 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 26 have have VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 27 biological biological JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 28 significance significance NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 29 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 30 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 31 wide wide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 32 range range NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 33 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 34 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 35 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 36 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 37 invade invade VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 38 239 239 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 39 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 40 nonhuman nonhuman NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 41 hosts host NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 114 42 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 1 One one CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 2 possible possible JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 3 mechanism mechanism NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 4 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 5 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 6 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 7 RNA rna NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 8 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 9 editing edit VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 10 function function NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 11 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 12 240 240 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 13 Simmonds Simmonds NNPS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 14 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 15 2020 2020 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 16 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 17 proposed propose VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 18 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 19 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 20 C→U C→U NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 21 hypermutation hypermutation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 22 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 23 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 24 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 25 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 26 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 27 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 28 due due JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 29 241 241 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 30 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 31 - - : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 32 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 33 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 34 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 35 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 36 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 37 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 38 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 39 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 40 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 41 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 42 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 43 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 44 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 45 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 46 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 47 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 48 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 49 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 50 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 51 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 52 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 53 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 54 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 55 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 56 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 57 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 58 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 59 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 60 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 61 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 62 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 63 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 64 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 65 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 66 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 67 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 115 68 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 23 10 10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 24 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 25 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 26 influence influence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 27 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 28 APOBEC APOBEC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 29 family family NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 30 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 31 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 32 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 33 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 34 19 19 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 35 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 116 36 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 1 APOBEC APOBEC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 3 an an DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 4 antiviral antiviral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 5 242 242 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 6 protein protein NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 7 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 8 various various JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 9 animal animal NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 10 species specie NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 11 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 12 including include VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 13 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 14 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 15 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 16 can can MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 17 convert convert VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 18 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 19 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 20 U u NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 21 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 22 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 23 243 243 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 24 deacetylation deacetylation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 25 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 26 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 27 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 28 21 21 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 29 - - SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 30 23 23 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 31 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 117 32 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 1 Such such JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 2 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 3 editing editing NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 4 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 5 also also RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 6 known know VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 7 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 8 act act VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 9 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 10 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 11 defense defense NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 12 244 244 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 13 mechanism mechanism NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 14 against against IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 15 various various JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 16 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 17 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 18 including include VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 19 retroviruses retrovirus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 20 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 21 24 24 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 22 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 118 23 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 2 APOBEC APOBEC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 3 gene gene NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 4 245 245 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 5 family family NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 6 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 7 generated generate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 8 various various JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 9 paralogs paralog NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 10 during during IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 11 mammalian mammalian JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 12 evolution evolution NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 14 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 15 seven seven CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 16 known know VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 17 246 246 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 18 APOBEC APOBEC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 19 genes gene NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 20 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 21 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 22 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 23 ten ten CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 24 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 25 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 26 families family NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 27 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 28 25 25 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 29 - - SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 30 27 27 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 31 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 119 32 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 2 prevalence prevalence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 3 C→U C→U NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 4 247 247 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 5 change change NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 6 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 7 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 8 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 9 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 10 upon upon IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 11 transfer transfer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 12 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 14 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 15 environment environment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 16 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 17 bats bat NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 18 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 19 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 20 248 248 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 21 suggests suggest VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 22 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 23 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 24 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 25 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 26 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 27 due due IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 28 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 29 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 30 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 31 specific specific JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 32 APOBEC APOBEC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 33 genes gene NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 120 34 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 121 1 249 249 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 121 2 We -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 121 3 next next JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 121 4 discuss discuss VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 121 5 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 121 6 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 121 7 short short JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 121 8 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 121 9 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 1 Directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 2 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 3 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 4 250 250 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 5 some some DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 6 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 7 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 8 such such JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 9 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 10 GAG GAG NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 11 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 12 GGA GGA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 14 can can MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 15 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 16 be be VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 17 explained explain VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 18 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 19 APOBEC-251 APOBEC-251 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 20 induced induce VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 21 C→U C→U NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 22 mutations mutation NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 23 alone alone RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 122 24 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 1 Although although IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 2 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 3 evidence evidence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 4 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 5 weak weak JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 7 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 8 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 9 252 252 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 10 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 11 part part NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 12 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 14 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 15 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 16 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 17 several several JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 18 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 19 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 20 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 21 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 22 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 23 such such JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 24 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 25 SRSF1 SRSF1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 26 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 27 253 253 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 28 PCBP2 pcbp2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 29 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 30 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 31 S9 s9 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 32 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 33 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 34 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 35 number number NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 36 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 37 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 38 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 39 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 40 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 41 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 42 decreased decrease VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 43 independently independently RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 44 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 45 254 254 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 46 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 123 47 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 1 In in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 2 contrast contrast NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 4 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 5 number number NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 6 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 7 motif motif NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 8 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 9 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 10 only only JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 11 ELAVL1 elavl1 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 12 among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 14 ten ten CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 15 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 16 255 255 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 17 listed list VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 18 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 19 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 20 3 3 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 21 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 22 increased increase VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 23 independently independently RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 24 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 25 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 124 26 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 1 As as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 2 an an DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 3 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 5 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 6 protein protein NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 7 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 8 256 256 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 9 binds bind NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 10 A- a- XX 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 11 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 12 U u JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 13 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 14 rich rich JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 15 elements element NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 16 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 17 ELAVL1 ELAVL1 '' 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 18 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 19 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 20 mRNA mRNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 21 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 22 known know VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 23 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 24 contribute contribute VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 25 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 26 257 257 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 27 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 28 stability stability NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 29 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 30 28 28 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 31 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 32 29 29 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 33 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 34 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 35 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 36 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 37 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 38 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 39 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 40 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 41 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 42 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 43 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 44 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 45 prevalent prevalent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 46 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 47 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 48 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 49 258 258 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 50 may may MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 51 contain contain VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 52 increased increase VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 53 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 54 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 55 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 56 ELAVL1 elavl1 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 57 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 58 efficient efficient JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 59 growth growth NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 60 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 61 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 62 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 63 259 259 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 64 cellular cellular JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 65 environment environment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 125 66 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 1 However however RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 3 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 4 further further JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 5 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 7 information information NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 8 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 9 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 11 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 12 260 260 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 13 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 14 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 15 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 16 cells cell NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 17 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 18 needed need VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 126 19 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 1 261 261 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 2 262 262 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 3 Conclusions conclusion NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 4 263 263 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 5 In in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 6 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 7 present present JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 8 study study NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 10 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 11 found find VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 12 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 14 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 15 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 16 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 17 group group NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 18 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 19 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 20 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 21 264 264 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 22 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 23 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 24 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 25 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 26 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 27 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 28 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 29 changed change VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 30 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 31 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 32 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 33 cell cell NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 34 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 35 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 36 265 265 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 37 manner manner NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 127 38 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 1 This this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 3 totally totally RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 4 consistent consistent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 5 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 6 our -PRON- PRP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 7 previous previous JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 8 finding finding NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 9 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 10 influenza influenza NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 11 A A NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 12 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 13 B b NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 14 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 15 266 266 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 16 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 17 11,12,14 11,12,14 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 18 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 19 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 20 supporting support VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 21 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 22 previous previous JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 23 prediction prediction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 24 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 25 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 26 host host NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 27 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 28 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 29 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 30 267 267 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 31 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 32 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 33 various various JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 34 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 35 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 36 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 37 should should MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 38 inevitably inevitably RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 39 occur occur VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 40 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 41 zoonotic zoonotic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 42 268 268 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 43 .CC .CC NFP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 44 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 45 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 46 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 47 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 48 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 49 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 50 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 51 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 52 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 53 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 54 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 55 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 56 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 57 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 58 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 59 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 60 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 61 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 62 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 63 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 64 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 65 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 66 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 67 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 68 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 69 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 70 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 71 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 72 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 73 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 74 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 75 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 76 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 77 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 78 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 79 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 80 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 128 81 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 POS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 23 11 11 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 24 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 25 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 26 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 27 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 28 invaded invade VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 29 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 30 nonhuman nonhuman NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 31 hosts host NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 129 32 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 1 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 2 methods method NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 3 based base VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 4 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 5 269 269 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 6 sequence sequence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 7 alignment alignment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 8 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 9 7,8 7,8 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 10 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 11 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 12 well well RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 13 refined refined JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 14 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 15 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 16 essential essential JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 17 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 18 studying study VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 19 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 20 270 270 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 21 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 22 relationships relationship NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 23 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 24 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 130 25 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 2 present present JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 3 alignment alignment NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 5 free free JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 6 method method NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 7 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 8 271 271 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 9 analyze analyze VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 10 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 11 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 12 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 13 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 14 can can MD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 15 also also RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 16 serve serve VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 17 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 18 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 19 powerful powerful JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 20 tool tool NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 21 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 22 272 272 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 23 molecular molecular JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 24 evolutionary evolutionary JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 25 studies study NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 26 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 27 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 28 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 29 revealing reveal VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 30 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 31 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 32 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 33 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 34 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 35 273 273 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 36 predicting predict VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 37 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 38 possible possible JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 39 goals goal NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 40 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 41 these these DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 42 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 131 43 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 1 274 274 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 2 275 275 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 3 276 276 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 4 Methods Methods NNPS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 5 277 277 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 6 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 7 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 8 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 9 genome genome JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 10 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 11 278 278 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 12 Human Human NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 13 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 14 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 15 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 16 genome genome NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 17 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 18 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 19 downloaded download VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 20 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 21 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 22 GISAID GISAID NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 23 database database NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 24 279 279 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 25 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 26 https://www.gisaid.org/ https://www.gisaid.org/ NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 27 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 28 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 29 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 30 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 31 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 32 complete complete JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 33 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 34 showed show VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 35 high high JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 36 coverage coverage NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 37 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 38 had have VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 39 280 280 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 40 been be VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 41 isolated isolate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 42 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 43 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 44 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 45 downloaded download VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 46 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 47 Sep Sep NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 48 17 17 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 49 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 50 2020 2020 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 132 51 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 1 Among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 2 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 3 acquired acquire VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 4 281 281 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 5 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 7 strains strain VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 8 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 9 an an DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 10 unknown unknown JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 11 isolation isolation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 12 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 13 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 14 excluded exclude VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 15 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 16 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 17 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 18 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 19 282 282 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 20 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 21 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 22 polyA polyA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 23 tail tail NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 24 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 25 removed remove VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 133 26 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 1 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 2 list list NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 3 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 4 all all DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 5 72,314 72,314 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 6 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 7 used use VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 8 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 9 provided provide VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 10 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 11 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 12 283 283 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 13 S1 S1 NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 134 14 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 1 284 284 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 2 285 285 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 3 Genome genome JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 4 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 5 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 6 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 7 prevalent prevalent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 8 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 9 humans human NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 10 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 11 bats bat NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 12 286 286 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 13 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 14 complete complete JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 15 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 16 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 17 two two CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 18 types type NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 19 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 20 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 21 coronavirus coronavirus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 22 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 23 human human NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 24 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 25 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 26 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 27 strains strain VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 28 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 29 287 287 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 30 alphacoronaviruses alphacoronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 31 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 32 27 27 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 33 229E 229e CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 34 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 35 55 55 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 36 NL63 NL63 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 37 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 38 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 39 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 40 betacoronaviruses betacoronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 41 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 42 18 18 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 43 HKU1 HKU1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 44 288 288 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 45 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 46 138 138 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 47 OC43 OC43 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 48 strains strain VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 49 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 50 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 51 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 52 obtained obtain VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 53 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 54 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 55 NCBI NCBI NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 56 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 57 database database NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 58 289 289 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 59 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 60 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/virus/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/virus/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 61 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 135 62 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 2 complete complete JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 3 genome genome JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 4 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 5 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 6 two two CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 7 290 290 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 8 types type NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 9 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 10 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 11 coronavirus coronaviru NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 12 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 13 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 14 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 15 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 16 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 17 strains strain VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 18 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 19 alphacoronaviruses alphacoronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 20 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 21 87 87 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 22 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 23 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 24 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 25 291 291 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 26 betacoronaviruses betacoronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 27 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 28 79 79 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 29 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 30 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 31 including include VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 32 34 34 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 33 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 34 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 35 CoV CoV NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 36 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 37 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 38 isolated isolate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 39 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 40 three three CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 41 types type NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 42 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 43 292 292 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 44 bats bat NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 45 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 46 Chiroptera Chiroptera NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 47 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 48 Vespertilionidae Vespertilionidae NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 49 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 50 Rhinolophidae Rhinolophidae NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 51 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 52 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 53 obtained obtain VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 54 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 55 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 56 NCBI NCBI NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 57 293 293 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 58 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 59 database database NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 60 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 61 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/virus/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/virus/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 62 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 63 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 64 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 65 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 66 polyA polyA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 67 tail tail NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 68 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 69 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 70 294 294 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 71 sequence sequence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 72 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 73 removed remove VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 136 74 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 137 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 137 2 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 137 3 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 137 4 listed list VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 137 5 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 137 6 Table Table NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 137 7 S2 S2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 137 8 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 1 295 295 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 2 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 3 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 4 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 5 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 6 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 7 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 8 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 9 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 10 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 11 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 12 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 13 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 14 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 15 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 16 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 17 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 18 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 19 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 20 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 21 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 22 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 23 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 24 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 25 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 26 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 27 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 28 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 29 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 30 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 31 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 32 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 33 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 34 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 35 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 36 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 37 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 38 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 39 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 138 40 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 POS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 23 12 12 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 24 296 296 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 25 Time Time NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 26 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 27 series series NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 28 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 29 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 30 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 31 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 32 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 33 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 34 297 297 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 35 In in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 36 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 37 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 38 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 39 series series NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 40 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 41 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 42 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 43 average average JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 44 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 45 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 46 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 47 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 48 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 49 % % NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 50 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 51 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 52 298 298 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 53 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 54 collected collect VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 55 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 56 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 57 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 58 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 59 calculated calculate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 60 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 61 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 62 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 139 63 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 1 To to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 2 avoid avoid VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 3 statistical statistical JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 4 299 299 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 5 fluctuations fluctuation NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 6 due due JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 7 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 8 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 9 small small JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 10 sample sample NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 11 size size NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 13 months month NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 14 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 15 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 16 fewer few JJR 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 17 than than IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 18 10 10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 19 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 20 had have VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 21 300 300 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 22 been be VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 23 collected collect VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 24 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 25 excluded exclude VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 26 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 27 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 28 monthly monthly JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 29 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 140 30 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 1 301 301 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 2 302 302 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 3 RNA rna NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 5 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 6 motif motif NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 7 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 8 303 303 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 9 RNA rna NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 11 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 12 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 13 were be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 14 obtained obtain VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 15 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 16 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 17 ATtRACT ATtRACT NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 18 database database NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 19 [ [ -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 20 30 30 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 21 ] ] -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 141 22 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 1 In in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 2 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 3 database database NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 4 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 5 304 304 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 6 multiple multiple JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 7 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 8 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 9 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 10 registered register VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 11 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 12 corresponding correspond VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 13 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 14 one one CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 15 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 16 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 17 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 18 protein protein NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 19 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 20 305 305 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 21 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 22 calculated calculate VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 23 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 24 total total JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 25 number number NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 26 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 27 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 28 containing contain VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 29 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 30 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 31 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 32 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 33 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 34 protein protein NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 35 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 36 306 306 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 37 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 38 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 39 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 142 40 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 1 307 307 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 2 308 308 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 3 309 309 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 4 310 310 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 5 311 311 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 6 List List NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 8 abbreviations abbreviation NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 9 312 312 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 10 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 11 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 12 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 13 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 14 Severe severe JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 15 acute acute JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 16 respiratory respiratory JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 17 syndrome syndrome NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 18 coronavirus-2 coronavirus-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 19 313 313 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 20 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 21 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 22 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 23 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 24 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 25 coronavirus coronavirus NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 26 314 314 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 27 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 28 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 29 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 30 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 31 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 32 coronavirus coronavirus NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 33 315 315 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 34 316 316 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 35 Ethics Ethics NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 36 approval approval NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 37 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 38 consent consent NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 39 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 40 participate participate VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 41 317 317 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 42 Not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 43 applicable applicable JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 44 318 318 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 45 319 319 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 46 Consent Consent NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 47 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 48 publication publication NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 49 320 320 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 50 Not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 51 applicable applicable JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 52 321 321 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 53 322 322 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 54 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 55 - - : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 56 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 57 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 58 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 59 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 60 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 61 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 62 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 63 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 64 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 65 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 66 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 67 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 68 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 69 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 70 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 71 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 72 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 73 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 74 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 75 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 76 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 77 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 78 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 79 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 80 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 81 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 82 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 83 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 84 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 85 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 86 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 87 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 88 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 89 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 90 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 91 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 143 92 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 23 13 13 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 24 Availability Availability NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 25 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 26 data datum NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 27 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 28 materials material NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 29 323 323 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 30 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 31 sequence sequence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 32 dataset dataset NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 33 analyzed analyze VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 34 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 35 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 36 study study NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 37 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 38 stored store VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 39 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 40 GISAID GISAID NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 144 41 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 145 1 Other other JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 145 2 data datum NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 145 3 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 145 4 324 324 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 145 5 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 145 6 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 145 7 YI YI NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 145 8 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 1 325 325 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 2 326 326 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 3 Competing compete VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 4 interests interest NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 5 327 327 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 6 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 7 authors author NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 8 declared declare VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 9 that that IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 10 there there EX 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 11 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 12 no no DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 13 conflicts conflict NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 14 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 15 interests interest NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 146 16 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 1 328 328 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 2 329 329 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 3 Funding funding NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 4 330 330 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 5 This this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 6 work work NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 7 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 8 supported support VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 9 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 10 JSPS JSPS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 11 KAKENHI KAKENHI NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 12 Grant Grant NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 13 Number Number NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 14 18K07151 18k07151 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 16 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 17 AMED amed NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 18 331 331 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 19 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 20 Grant Grant NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 21 Number Number NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 22 JP20he0622033 JP20he0622033 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 23 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 24 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 25 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 26 Counterplan Counterplan NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 27 Research Research NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 28 Project Project NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 29 332 332 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 30 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 31 supervised supervise VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 32 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 33 Prof. Prof. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 34 Tatsumi Tatsumi NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 35 Hirata Hirata NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 36 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 37 NIG NIG NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 38 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 39 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 40 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 41 Research Research NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 42 Organization Organization NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 43 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 44 333 333 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 45 Information Information NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 46 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 47 Systems Systems NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 48 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 49 ROIS ROIS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 50 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 147 51 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 1 334 334 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 2 335 335 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 3 Authors Authors NNPS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 4 ' ' POS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 5 contributions contribution NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 6 336 336 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 7 YI YI NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 8 conceived conceive VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 9 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 10 approach approach NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 11 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 12 conducted conduct VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 13 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 14 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 148 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 149 1 TA TA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 149 2 developed develop VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 149 3 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 149 4 algorithm algorithm NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 149 5 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 150 1 TI TI NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 150 2 337 337 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 150 3 supervised supervise VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 150 4 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 150 5 study study NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 150 6 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 1 338 338 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 2 339 339 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 3 Acknowledgements acknowledgement NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 4 340 340 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 5 We -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 6 gratefully gratefully RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 7 acknowledge acknowledge VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 8 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 9 authors author NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 10 submitting submit VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 12 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 13 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 14 GISAID GISAID NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 15 ’s ’s POS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 16 341 341 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 17 Database Database NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 18 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 19 also also RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 20 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 21 valuable valuable JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 22 comments comment NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 23 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 24 Dr. Dr. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 25 Yashushi Yashushi NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 26 Hiromi Hiromi NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 27 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 28 National National NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 29 Institute Institute NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 30 342 342 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 31 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 32 Genetics Genetics NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 33 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 34 Mishima Mishima NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 35 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 151 36 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 1 We -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 2 thank thank VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 3 Springer Springer NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 4 Nature Nature NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 5 Author Author NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 6 Services Services NNPS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 7 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 8 editing edit VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 9 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 10 343 343 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 11 manuscript manuscript NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 12 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 13 English english JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 14 language language NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 152 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 153 1 344 344 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 153 2 345 345 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 153 3 Figure figure NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 153 4 legends legend VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 153 5 346 346 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 153 6 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 153 7 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 154 1 1 1 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 154 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 155 1 Time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 155 2 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 155 3 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 155 4 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 155 5 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 155 6 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 155 7 nucleotide nucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 155 8 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 155 9 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 1 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 2 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 3 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 4 347 347 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 5 Average average JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 6 mononucleotide mononucleotide NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 7 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 8 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 9 % % NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 10 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 11 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 12 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 13 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 14 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 15 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 16 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 17 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 18 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 19 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 20 348 348 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 21 isolated isolate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 22 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 23 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 24 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 25 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 26 plotted plot VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 27 against against IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 28 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 29 elapsed elapse VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 30 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 156 31 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 1 To to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 2 compare compare VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 3 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 4 four four CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 5 349 349 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 6 .CC .CC , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 7 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 8 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 10 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 11 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 12 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 13 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 14 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 15 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 16 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 17 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 18 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 19 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 20 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 21 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 22 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 23 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 24 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 25 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 26 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 27 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 28 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 29 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 30 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 31 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 32 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 33 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 34 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 35 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 36 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 37 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 38 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 39 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 40 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 41 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 42 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 43 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 157 44 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 23 14 14 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 24 mononucleotides mononucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 25 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 26 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 27 scale scale NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 28 widths width NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 29 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 30 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 31 vertical vertical JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 32 axis axi NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 33 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 34 set set VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 35 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 36 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 37 same same JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 38 values value NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 158 39 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 2 350 350 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 3 colored colored JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 4 lines line NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 5 distinguishing distinguish VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 6 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 7 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 8 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 9 G G NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 10 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 11 GH GH NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 13 GR GR NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 14 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 15 L L NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 16 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 17 V V NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 18 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 19 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 20 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 21 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 22 shown show VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 23 at at IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 24 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 25 bottom bottom JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 26 351 351 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 27 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 28 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 29 figure figure NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 159 30 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 2 dashed dashed JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 3 line line NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 4 shows show VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 5 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 6 averaged averaged JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 7 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 8 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 9 all all DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 10 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 11 isolated isolate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 12 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 13 352 352 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 14 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 15 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 160 16 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 1 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 2 B b NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 3 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 4 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 5 average average JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 6 di- di- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 7 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 8 trinucleotide trinucleotide VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 9 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 10 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 11 primarily primarily RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 12 undergo undergo VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 13 353 353 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 14 common common JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 15 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 16 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 17 among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 18 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 19 six six CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 20 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 21 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 22 plotted plot VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 23 against against IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 24 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 25 elapsed elapse VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 26 354 354 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 27 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 161 28 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 162 1 355 355 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 162 2 356 356 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 162 3 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 162 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 163 1 2 2 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 163 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 1 Fold fold VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 2 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 3 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 4 nucleotide nucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 5 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 6 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 7 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 8 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 9 start start NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 10 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 11 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 12 357 357 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 13 last last JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 14 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 15 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 16 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 164 17 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 1 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 2 bar bar NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 3 plot plot NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 4 shows show VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 5 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 6 fold fold JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 7 change change NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 8 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 9 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 10 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 11 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 12 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 13 358 358 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 14 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 15 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 17 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 18 value value NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 19 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 20 calculated calculate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 21 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 22 dividing divide VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 23 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 24 nucleotide nucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 25 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 26 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 27 359 359 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 28 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 29 last last JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 30 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 31 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 32 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 33 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 34 that that DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 35 at at IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 36 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 37 start start NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 38 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 39 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 40 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 165 41 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 1 Each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 2 bar bar NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 3 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 4 colored color VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 5 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 6 360 360 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 7 indicate indicate VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 8 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 9 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 10 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 11 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 12 described describe VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 13 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 14 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 166 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 167 1 1 1 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 167 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 1 Since since IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 2 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 3 analyzed analyze VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 4 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 5 belonging belong VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 6 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 7 361 361 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 8 different different JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 9 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 10 separately separately RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 11 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 12 data datum NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 13 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 14 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 15 first first JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 16 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 17 last last JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 18 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 19 differed differ VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 20 among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 21 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 22 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 23 see see VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 24 362 362 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 25 also also RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 26 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 27 Methods Methods NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 28 section section NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 168 29 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 169 1 363 363 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 169 2 364 364 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 169 3 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 169 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 170 1 3 3 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 170 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 171 1 Nucleotide nucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 171 2 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 171 3 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 171 4 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 171 5 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 171 6 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 171 7 coronavirus coronavirus NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 171 8 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 171 9 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 1 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 2 365 365 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 3 boxplot boxplot NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 4 shows show VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 5 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 6 nucleotide nucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 7 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 8 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 9 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 11 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 12 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 13 alpha alpha NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 14 229E 229e CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 16 alpha alpha NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 17 NL63 NL63 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 18 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 19 366 366 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 20 beta beta JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 21 HKU1 HKU1 NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 22 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 23 beta beta NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 24 OC43 OC43 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 25 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 26 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 27 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 28 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 29 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 30 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 31 bat bat NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 32 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 33 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 34 alphacoronavirus alphacoronavirus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 35 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 36 367 367 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 37 betacoronavirus betacoronavirus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 38 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 39 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 40 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 41 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 42 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 43 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 172 44 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 173 1 Bat Bat NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 173 2 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 173 3 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 173 4 marked mark VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 173 5 pink pink JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 173 6 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 1 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 2 hollow hollow JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 3 arrow arrow NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 4 368 368 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 5 indicates indicate VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 6 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 7 direction direction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 8 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 9 change change NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 10 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 11 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 12 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 13 observed observe VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 14 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 15 SARS-369 SARS-369 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 16 CoV-2 cov-2 DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 17 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 18 Figs Figs NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 174 19 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 175 1 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 175 2 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 175 3 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 175 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 176 1 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 176 2 A a NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 176 3 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 176 4 Mononucleotides mononucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 176 5 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 1 To to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 2 compare compare VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 3 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 4 four four CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 5 mononucleotides mononucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 7 370 370 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 8 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 9 scale scale NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 10 widths width NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 11 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 12 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 13 vertical vertical JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 14 axis axi NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 15 scale scale NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 16 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 17 set set VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 18 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 19 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 20 same same JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 21 values value NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 177 22 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 178 1 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 178 2 B b NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 178 3 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 178 4 Di- Di- NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 178 5 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 178 6 371 371 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 178 7 trinucleotides trinucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 178 8 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 179 1 372 372 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 179 2 373 373 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 179 3 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 179 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 180 1 4 4 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 180 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 181 1 Differences difference NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 181 2 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 181 3 nucleotide nucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 181 4 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 181 5 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 181 6 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 181 7 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 181 8 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 181 9 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 181 10 human-374 human-374 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 181 11 CoV. CoV. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 1 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 2 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 3 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 4 Values value NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 5 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 6 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 7 square square NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 8 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 9 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 10 difference difference NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 11 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 12 mononucleotide mononucleotide NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 13 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 14 375 375 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 15 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 16 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 17 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 18 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 19 isolated isolate VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 20 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 21 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 22 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 23 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 24 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 25 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 26 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 27 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 28 plotted plot VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 29 against against IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 30 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 31 376 376 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 32 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 33 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 34 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 35 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 36 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 37 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 38 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 39 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 40 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 41 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 42 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 43 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 44 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 45 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 46 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 47 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 48 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 49 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 50 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 51 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 52 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 53 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 54 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 55 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 56 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 57 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 58 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 59 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 60 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 61 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 62 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 63 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 64 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 65 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 66 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 67 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 68 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 69 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 182 70 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 23 15 15 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 24 elapsed elapse VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 25 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 183 26 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 2 data datum NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 3 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 4 presented present VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 5 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 6 colored colored JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 7 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 8 dashed dash VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 9 lines line NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 10 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 11 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 12 described describe VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 13 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 14 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 184 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 185 1 1 1 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 185 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 1 377 377 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 2 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 3 B b NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 4 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 5 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 6 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 7 Oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 8 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 9 that that DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 10 approach approach VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 11 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 12 move move VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 13 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 14 those those DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 15 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 16 human-378 human-378 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 17 CoV CoV NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 18 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 19 presented present VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 20 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 21 respectively respectively RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 186 22 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 1 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 2 D d NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 3 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 4 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 5 correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 6 coefficients coefficient NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 7 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 8 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 9 elapsed elapse VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 10 379 379 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 11 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 12 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 13 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 14 start start NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 15 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 16 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 17 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 18 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 19 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 20 above above JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 21 differences difference NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 22 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 23 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 24 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 25 380 380 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 26 oligonucleotides oligonucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 27 whose whose WP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 28 directionality directionality NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 29 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 30 change change NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 31 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 32 common common JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 33 among among IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 34 six six CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 35 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 36 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 37 381 381 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 38 presented present VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 187 39 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 2 results result NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 3 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 4 A a NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 5 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 6 G g NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 7 mononucleotides mononucleotide NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 8 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 9 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 10 show show VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 11 nondirectional nondirectional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 12 382 382 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 13 change change NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 14 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 15 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 16 also also RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 17 presented present VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 188 18 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 189 1 383 383 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 189 2 384 384 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 189 3 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 189 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 190 1 5 5 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 190 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 1 Time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 2 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 3 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 4 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 5 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 6 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 7 numbers number NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 8 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 9 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 11 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 12 motif motif NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 13 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 191 14 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 1 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 2 A a NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 3 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 4 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 5 385 385 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 6 numbers number NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 8 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 9 containing contain VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 10 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 11 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 12 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 13 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 14 per per IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 15 genome genome JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 16 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 17 plotted plot VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 18 against against IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 19 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 20 386 386 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 21 elapsed elapse VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 22 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 192 23 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 1 Here here RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 2 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 3 we -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 4 selected select VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 5 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 6 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 7 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 8 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 9 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 10 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 11 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 12 number number NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 13 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 14 motif motif NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 15 387 387 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 16 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 17 increased increase VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 18 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 19 decreased decrease VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 20 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 21 at at RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 22 least least RBS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 23 one one CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 24 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 25 all all DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 26 six six CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 27 clades clade NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 28 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 29 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 30 epidemic epidemic NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 31 start start NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 193 32 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 2 388 388 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 3 data datum NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 4 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 5 presented present VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 6 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 7 colored colored JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 8 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 9 dashed dash VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 10 lines line NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 11 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 12 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 13 described describe VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 14 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 15 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 194 16 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 195 1 1A. 1a. CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 1 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 2 B b NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 3 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 4 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 5 boxplot boxplot NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 6 389 389 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 7 shows show VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 8 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 9 number number NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 10 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 11 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 12 containing contain VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 13 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 14 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 15 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 16 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 17 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 18 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 19 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 20 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 21 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 22 alpha alpha NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 23 229E 229e CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 24 390 390 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 25 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 26 NL63 NL63 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 27 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 28 beta beta NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 29 HKU1 HKU1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 30 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 31 OC43 OC43 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 32 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 33 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 34 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 35 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 36 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 37 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 38 bat bat NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 39 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 40 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 41 alphacoronavirus alphacoronavirus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 42 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 43 391 391 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 44 betacoronavirus betacoronavirus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 45 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 46 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 47 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 48 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 49 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 50 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 196 51 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 197 1 Bat Bat NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 197 2 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 197 3 are be VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 197 4 marked mark VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 197 5 pink pink JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 197 6 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 198 1 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 198 2 hallow hallow JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 198 3 arrow arrow NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 198 4 392 392 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 198 5 indicates indicate VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 198 6 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 198 7 direction direction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 198 8 shown show VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 198 9 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 198 10 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 198 11 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 1 5A 5a CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 2 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 3 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 4 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 5 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 6 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 8 393 393 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 9 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 11 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 12 changed change VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 199 13 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 200 1 394 394 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 200 2 395 395 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 200 3 396 396 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 200 4 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 200 5 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 200 6 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 1 Correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 2 coefficients coefficient NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 3 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 4 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 5 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 6 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 7 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 8 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 9 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 10 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 11 397 397 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 12 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 13 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 14 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 15 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 16 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 17 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 18 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 19 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 20 increased increase VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 201 21 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 202 1 398 398 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 202 2 399 399 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 202 3 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 202 4 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 202 5 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 1 Correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 2 coefficients coefficient NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 3 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 4 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 5 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 6 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 7 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 8 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 9 mono- mono- NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 10 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 11 400 400 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 12 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 13 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 14 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 15 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 16 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 17 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 18 that that WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 19 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 20 decreased decrease VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 203 21 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 1 401 401 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 2 402 402 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 3 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 5 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 6 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 7 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 8 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 9 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 10 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 11 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 12 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 13 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 14 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 15 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 16 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 17 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 18 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 19 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 20 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 21 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 22 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 23 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 24 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 25 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 26 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 27 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 28 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 29 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 30 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 31 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 32 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 33 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 34 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 35 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 36 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 37 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 38 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 39 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 40 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 204 41 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 23 16 16 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 24 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 25 3 3 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 205 26 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 1 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 2 number number NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 3 motif motif NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 5 containing contain VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 6 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 7 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 8 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 10 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 11 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 12 whose whose WP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 13 403 403 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 14 occurrences occurrence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 15 have have VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 16 increased increase VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 17 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 18 decreased decrease VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 19 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 20 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 21 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 22 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 23 first first JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 24 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 25 last last JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 26 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 27 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 28 404 404 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 29 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 30 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 206 31 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 207 1 405 405 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 207 2 406 406 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 207 3 407 407 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 207 4 Additional additional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 207 5 file file NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 207 6 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 207 7 408 408 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 207 8 Fig fig NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 207 9 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 1 S1 S1 NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 2 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 3 Average average JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 4 di- di- NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 5 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 6 trinucleotide trinucleotide NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 7 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 8 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 9 A a NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 10 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 11 B b NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 12 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 13 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 14 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 15 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 16 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 17 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 18 409 409 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 19 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 20 collected collect VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 21 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 22 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 23 elapsed elapse VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 24 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 208 25 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 209 1 410 410 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 209 2 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 209 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 210 1 S2 s2 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 210 2 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 210 3 Oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 210 4 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 210 5 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 210 6 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 210 7 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 210 8 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 210 9 coronavirus coronavirus NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 210 10 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 210 11 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 211 1 411 411 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 211 2 Fig Fig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 211 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 1 S3 s3 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 2 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 3 Differences difference NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 4 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 5 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 6 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 7 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 8 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 10 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 11 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 12 human-412 human-412 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 212 13 CoV. CoV. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 1 413 413 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 2 414 414 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 3 415 415 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 4 Additional additional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 5 file file NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 6 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 7 416 416 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 8 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 9 S1 S1 NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 10 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 11 List List NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 12 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 13 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 14 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 15 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 16 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 17 used use VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 18 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 19 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 20 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 213 21 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 1 417 417 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 2 418 418 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 3 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 4 S2 s2 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 5 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 6 List list NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 8 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 10 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 11 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 12 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 13 CoV cov NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 14 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 15 used use VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 16 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 17 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 18 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 214 19 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 1 419 419 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 2 420 420 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 3 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 4 S3 s3 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 5 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 6 Number Number NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 8 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 10 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 11 strains strain VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 12 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 13 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 14 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 15 isolated isolate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 16 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 17 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 18 elapsed elapse VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 19 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 215 20 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 1 421 421 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 2 422 422 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 3 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 4 S4 s4 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 5 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 6 Average average JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 7 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 8 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 9 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 10 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 11 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 12 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 13 strains strain VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 14 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 15 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 16 clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 17 423 423 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 18 isolated isolate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 19 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 20 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 21 elapsed elapse VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 22 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 216 23 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 1 424 424 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 2 425 425 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 3 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 4 S5 s5 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 5 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 6 Correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 7 coefficients coefficient NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 8 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 9 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 11 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 12 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 13 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 14 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 15 426 426 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 16 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 17 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 18 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 19 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 20 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 217 21 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 1 427 427 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 2 428 428 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 3 .CC .cc CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 5 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 6 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 7 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 8 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 9 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 10 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 11 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 12 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 13 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 14 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 15 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 16 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 17 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 18 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 19 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 20 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 21 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 22 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 23 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 24 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 25 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 26 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 27 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 28 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 29 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 30 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 31 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 32 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 33 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 34 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 35 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 36 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 37 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 38 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 39 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 40 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 218 41 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 POS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 23 17 17 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 24 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 25 S6 s6 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 26 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 27 Fold fold VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 28 change change NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 29 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 30 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 31 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 32 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 33 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 34 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 35 first first JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 36 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 37 last last JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 38 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 39 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 40 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 41 429 429 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 42 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 219 43 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 1 430 430 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 2 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 3 S7 s7 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 4 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 5 Distance distance NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 6 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 7 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 8 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 9 composition composition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 10 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 11 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 12 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 13 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 14 isolated isolate VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 15 431 431 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 16 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 17 each each DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 18 elapsed elapse VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 19 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 20 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 21 that that DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 22 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 23 human human NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 24 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 220 25 CoV. CoV. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 1 432 432 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 2 433 433 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 3 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 4 S8 S8 VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 5 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 6 Correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 7 coefficients coefficient NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 8 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 9 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 11 series series NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 12 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 13 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 14 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 15 distance distance NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 16 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 17 434 434 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 18 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 19 compositions composition NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 20 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 21 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 22 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 23 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 24 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 25 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 26 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 221 27 CoV. CoV. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 222 1 435 435 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 222 2 436 436 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 222 3 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 222 4 S9 s9 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 222 5 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 222 6 List List NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 222 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 222 8 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 222 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 222 10 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 222 11 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 222 12 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 1 437 437 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 2 438 438 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 3 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 4 S10 S10 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 5 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 6 Numbers number NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 8 motif motif NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 10 containing contain VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 11 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 12 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 13 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 14 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 15 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 16 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 17 whose whose WP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 18 439 439 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 19 abundance abundance NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 20 increases increase NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 21 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 22 decreases decrease NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 23 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 24 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 25 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 26 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 27 first first JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 28 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 29 last last JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 30 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 31 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 32 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 33 440 440 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 34 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 223 35 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 1 441 441 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 2 442 442 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 3 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 4 S11 S11 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 5 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 6 P p NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 7 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 8 value value NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 9 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 10 t t NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 11 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 12 test test NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 13 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 14 analyze analyze VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 15 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 16 number number NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 17 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 18 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 19 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 20 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 21 motif motif NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 22 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 23 whose whose WP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 24 443 443 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 25 abundance abundance NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 26 increases increase NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 27 or or CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 28 decreases decrease NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 29 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 30 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 31 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 32 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 33 first first JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 34 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 35 last last JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 36 month month NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 37 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 38 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 39 444 444 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 40 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 224 41 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 1 445 445 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 2 446 446 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 3 Table Table NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 4 S12 S12 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 5 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 6 Correlation correlation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 7 coefficients coefficient NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 8 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 9 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 10 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 11 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 12 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 13 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 14 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 15 number number NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 16 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 17 loci loci NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 18 447 447 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 19 containing contain VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 20 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 21 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 22 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 23 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 225 24 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 226 1 448 448 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 226 2 449 449 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 226 3 450 450 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 226 4 Reference reference NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 226 5 451 451 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 226 6 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 226 7 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 227 1 Singhal Singhal NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 227 2 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 227 3 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 227 4 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 227 5 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 227 6 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 227 7 coronavirus coronavirus NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 227 8 disease-2019 disease-2019 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 227 9 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 227 10 COVID-19 COVID-19 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 227 11 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 227 12 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 228 1 Indian Indian NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 228 2 J J NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 228 3 Pediatr Pediatr NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 228 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 229 1 452 452 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 229 2 2020 2020 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 229 3 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 229 4 87:281 87:281 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 229 5 - - CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 229 6 86 86 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 229 7 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 230 1 453 453 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 230 2 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 230 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 1 García García NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 2 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 3 Sastre Sastre NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 4 A A NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 5 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 6 Inhibition inhibition NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 8 interferon interferon NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 9 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 10 mediated mediate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 11 antiviral antiviral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 12 responses response NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 13 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 14 influenza influenza NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 15 454 454 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 16 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 17 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 18 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 19 other other JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 20 negative negative JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 21 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 22 strand strand NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 23 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 24 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 231 25 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 232 1 Virology virology NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 232 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 233 1 2001;279 2001;279 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 233 2 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 233 3 375–84 375–84 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 233 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 1 455 455 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 2 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 3 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 4 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 5 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 6 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 7 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 8 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 9 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 10 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 11 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 12 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 13 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 14 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 15 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 16 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 17 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 18 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 19 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 20 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 21 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 22 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 23 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 24 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 25 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 26 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 27 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 28 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 29 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 30 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 31 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 32 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 33 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 34 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 35 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 36 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 37 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 38 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 39 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 234 40 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 23 18 18 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 24 3 3 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 235 25 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 1 Voinnet Voinnet NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 2 O o NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 3 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 4 Induction induction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 5 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 6 suppression suppression NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 7 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 8 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 9 silencing silence VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 10 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 11 insights insight NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 12 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 13 viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 14 456 456 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 15 infections infection NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 236 16 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 237 1 Nat Nat NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 237 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 238 1 Rev. Rev. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 239 1 Genet Genet NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 239 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 240 1 2005;6:206–20 2005;6:206–20 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 240 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 241 1 457 457 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 241 2 4 4 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 241 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 1 Randall Randall NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 2 RE RE NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 4 Goodbourn Goodbourn NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 5 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 6 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 7 Interferons interferon NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 8 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 9 viruses virus NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 10 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 11 an an DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 12 interplay interplay NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 13 between between IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 14 induction induction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 16 458 458 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 17 signalling signal VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 18 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 19 antiviral antiviral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 20 responses response NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 21 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 22 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 23 countermeasures countermeasure NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 242 24 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 243 1 J. J. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 243 2 Gen. Gen. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 243 3 Virol Virol NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 243 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 244 1 2008;89:1–459 2008;89:1–459 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 244 2 47 47 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 244 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 245 1 460 460 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 245 2 5 5 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 245 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 1 Konno Konno NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 2 Y Y NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 4 Kimura Kimura NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 5 I I NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 7 Uriu Uriu NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 8 K K NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 10 et et NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 11 al al NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 12 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 13 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 14 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 15 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 16 ORF3b ORF3b NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 17 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 18 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 19 potent potent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 20 interferon interferon NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 21 461 461 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 22 antagonist antagonist NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 23 whose whose WP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 24 activity activity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 25 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 26 increased increase VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 27 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 28 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 29 naturally naturally RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 30 occurring occur VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 31 elongation elongation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 32 variant variant NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 246 33 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 247 1 462 462 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 247 2 Cell Cell NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 247 3 Rep. Rep. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 247 4 2020;32:108185 2020;32:108185 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 247 5 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 248 1 463 463 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 248 2 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 248 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 1 Zhou Zhou NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 2 et et NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 3 al al NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 4 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 5 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 6 novel novel JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 7 bat bat NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 8 coronavirus coronavirus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 9 closely closely RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 10 related relate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 11 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 12 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 13 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 14 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 15 contains contain VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 16 natural natural JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 17 464 464 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 18 insertions insertion NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 19 at at IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 20 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 21 S1 S1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 22 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 23 S2 s2 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 24 cleavage cleavage NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 25 site site NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 26 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 27 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 28 spike spike JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 29 protein protein NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 249 30 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 250 1 Curr Curr NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 250 2 Biol Biol NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 250 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 251 1 2020;30:2196 2020;30:2196 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 251 2 - - SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 251 3 465 465 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 251 4 203 203 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 251 5 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 252 1 466 466 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 252 2 7 7 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 252 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 253 1 Nei Nei NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 253 2 M M NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 253 3 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 253 4 Molecular molecular JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 253 5 evolutionary evolutionary JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 253 6 genetics genetic NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 253 7 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 254 1 Columbia Columbia NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 254 2 University University NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 254 3 Press Press NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 254 4 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 254 5 New New NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 254 6 York York NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 254 7 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 255 1 467 467 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 255 2 1987 1987 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 255 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 256 1 468 468 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 256 2 8 8 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 256 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 1 Kumar Kumar NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 2 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 4 Nei Nei NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 5 M M NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 7 Dudley Dudley NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 8 J J NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 10 Tamura Tamura NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 11 K K NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 12 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 13 MEGA mega NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 14 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 15 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 16 biologist biologist JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 17 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 18 centric centric NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 19 software software NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 20 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 21 469 469 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 22 evolutionary evolutionary JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 23 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 24 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 25 DNA dna NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 26 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 27 protein protein NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 28 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 29 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 30 Brief Brief NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 31 Bioinform Bioinform NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 257 32 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 258 1 2008;9:299–470 2008;9:299–470 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 258 2 306 306 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 258 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 259 1 471 471 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 259 2 9 9 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 259 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 1 Abe Abe NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 2 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 4 Kanaya Kanaya NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 5 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 7 Kinouchi Kinouchi NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 8 M M NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 10 et et NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 11 al al NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 12 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 13 Informatics Informatics NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 14 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 15 unveiling unveil VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 16 hidden hide VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 17 genome genome NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 18 472 472 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 19 signatures signature NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 20 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 21 Genome Genome NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 22 Res Res NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 260 23 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 261 1 2003;13:693–702 2003;13:693–702 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 261 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 262 1 473 473 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 262 2 10 10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 262 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 1 Abe Abe NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 2 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 4 Sugawara Sugawara NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 5 H H NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 7 Kinouchi Kinouchi NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 8 M M NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 10 Kanaya Kanaya NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 11 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 13 Ikemura Ikemura NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 14 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 15 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 16 Novel novel JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 17 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 18 474 474 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 19 studies study NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 20 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 21 genomic genomic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 22 sequence sequence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 23 fragments fragment NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 24 derived derive VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 25 from from IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 26 uncultured uncultured JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 27 microbe microbe NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 28 mixtures mixture NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 29 475 475 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 30 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 31 environmental environmental JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 32 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 33 clinical clinical JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 34 samples sample NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 35 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 36 DNA dna NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 37 Res Res NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 263 38 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 264 1 2005;12:281–90 2005;12:281–90 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 264 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 265 1 476 476 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 265 2 11 11 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 265 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 1 Iwasaki Iwasaki NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 2 Y Y NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 4 Abe Abe NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 5 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 7 Wada Wada NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 8 K K NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 10 Itoh Itoh NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 11 M M NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 13 Ikemura Ikemura NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 14 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 16 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 17 Prediction prediction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 18 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 19 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 20 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 21 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 22 477 477 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 23 influenza influenza NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 24 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 25 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 26 genome genome JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 27 sequences sequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 28 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 29 emphasis emphasis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 30 on on IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 31 pandemic pandemic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 32 H1N1/09 H1N1/09 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 33 as as IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 34 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 35 478 478 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 36 model model NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 37 case case NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 266 38 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 267 1 DNA dna NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 267 2 res re VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 267 3 2011;18:125 2011;18:125 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 267 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 267 5 36 36 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 267 6 479 479 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 267 7 12 12 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 267 8 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 1 Iwasaki Iwasaki NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 2 Y Y NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 4 Abe Abe NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 5 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 7 Wada Wada NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 8 Y Y NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 10 Wada Wada NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 11 K K NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 13 Ikemura Ikemura NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 14 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 15 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 16 Novel novel NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 17 bioinformatics bioinformatic NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 18 strategies strategy NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 19 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 20 480 480 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 21 prediction prediction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 22 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 23 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 24 sequence sequence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 25 changes change NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 26 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 27 influenza influenza NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 28 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 29 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 30 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 31 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 32 481 481 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 33 surveillance surveillance NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 34 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 35 potentially potentially RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 36 hazardous hazardous JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 37 strains strain NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 268 38 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 269 1 BMC BMC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 269 2 Infect Infect NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 269 3 Dis Dis NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 269 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 1 2013;13:386- 2013;13:386- NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 2 482 482 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 3 .CC .CC NFP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 5 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 6 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 7 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 8 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 9 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 10 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 11 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 12 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 13 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 14 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 15 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 16 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 17 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 18 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 19 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 20 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 21 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 22 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 23 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 24 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 25 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 26 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 27 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 28 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 29 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 30 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 31 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 32 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 33 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 34 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 35 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 36 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 37 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 38 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 39 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 40 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 270 41 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 23 19 19 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 24 13 13 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 271 25 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 1 Karlin Karlin NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 2 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 4 Campbell Campbell NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 5 AM AM NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 7 Mrazek Mrazek NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 8 J J NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 9 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 10 Comparative comparative JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 11 DNA dna NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 12 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 13 across across IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 14 diverse diverse JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 15 483 483 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 16 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 272 17 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 273 1 Annu Annu NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 273 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 274 1 Rev. Rev. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 275 1 Genet Genet NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 275 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 276 1 1998;32:185–225 1998;32:185–225 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 276 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 277 1 484 484 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 277 2 14 14 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 277 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 1 Wada Wada NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 2 Y Y NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 4 Wada Wada NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 5 K K NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 7 Iwasaki Iwasaki NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 8 Y Y NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 10 Kanaya Kanaya NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 11 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 13 Ikemura Ikemura NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 14 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 15 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 16 Directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 17 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 18 reoccurring reoccurre VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 19 485 485 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 20 sequence sequence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 21 change change NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 22 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 23 zoonotic zoonotic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 24 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 25 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 26 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 27 visualized visualize VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 28 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 29 time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 30 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 31 series series NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 32 word word NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 33 486 486 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 34 count count NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 278 35 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 279 1 Sci Sci NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 279 2 Rep. Rep. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 279 3 2016;6:36197 2016;6:36197 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 279 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 280 1 487 487 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 280 2 15 15 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 280 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 1 Wada Wada NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 2 K K NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 4 Wada Wada NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 5 Y Y NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 7 Iwasaki Iwasaki NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 8 Y Y NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 10 Ikemura Ikemura NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 11 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 12 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 13 Time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 14 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 15 series series NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 16 oligonucleotide oligonucleotide NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 17 count count NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 18 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 19 488 488 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 20 assign assign NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 21 antiviral antiviral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 22 siRNAs siRNAs NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 23 with with IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 24 long long JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 25 utility utility NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 26 fit fit NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 27 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 28 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 29 big big NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 30 data datum NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 31 era era NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 281 32 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 282 1 Gene Gene NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 282 2 Ther Ther NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 282 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 283 1 489 489 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 283 2 2017;24:668–73 2017;24:668–73 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 283 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 284 1 490 490 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 284 2 16 16 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 284 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 1 Wada Wada NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 2 K K NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 4 Wada Wada NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 5 Y Y NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 7 Ikemura Ikemura NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 8 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 9 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 10 Time time NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 11 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 12 series series NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 13 analyses analysis NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 14 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 15 directional directional JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 16 sequence sequence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 17 changes change VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 18 491 491 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 19 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 20 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 21 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 22 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 23 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 24 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 25 an an DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 26 efficient efficient JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 27 search search NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 28 method method NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 29 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 30 candidates candidate NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 31 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 32 492 492 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 33 advantageous advantageous JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 34 mutations mutation NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 35 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 36 growth growth NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 37 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 38 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 39 cells cell NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 285 40 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 286 1 Gene gene NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 286 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 287 1 2020;5:100038 2020;5:100038 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 287 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 288 1 493 493 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 288 2 17 17 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 288 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 1 Qiu Qiu NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 2 Y Y NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 4 Abe Abe NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 5 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 7 Nakao Nakao NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 8 R R NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 10 Satoh Satoh NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 11 K K NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 13 Sugimoto Sugimoto NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 14 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 15 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 16 Viral viral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 17 population population NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 18 analysis analysis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 19 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 20 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 21 494 494 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 22 taiga taiga NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 23 tick tick VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 24 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 25 Ixodes ixode NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 26 persulcatus persulcatus VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 27 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 28 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 29 using use VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 30 Batch Batch NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 31 Learning Learning NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 32 Self Self NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 33 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 34 Organizing Organizing NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 35 Maps Maps NNPS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 36 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 37 495 495 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 38 BLAST blast NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 39 search search NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 289 40 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 290 1 Journal Journal NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 290 2 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 290 3 Veterinary Veterinary NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 290 4 Medical Medical NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 290 5 Science Science NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 290 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 290 7 2019;81(3):401 2019;81(3):401 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 290 8 - - SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 290 9 10 10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 290 10 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 291 1 496 496 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 291 2 18 18 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 291 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 1 Mercatelli Mercatelli NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 2 D D NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 4 Giorgi Giorgi NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 5 FM FM NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 6 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 7 Geographic geographic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 8 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 9 genomic genomic JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 10 distribution distribution NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 11 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 12 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 13 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 14 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 15 497 497 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 16 mutations mutation NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 292 17 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 293 1 Front Front NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 293 2 Microbiol Microbiol NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 293 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 294 1 2020;22:11:1800 2020;22:11:1800 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 294 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 295 1 498 498 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 295 2 19 19 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 295 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 1 Simmonds Simmonds NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 2 P p NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 3 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 4 Rampant rampant JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 5 C→U C→U NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 6 hypermutation hypermutation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 7 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 8 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 9 genomes genome NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 10 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 11 SARS SARS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 12 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 13 CoV-2 CoV-2 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 14 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 15 499 499 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 16 other other JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 17 coronaviruses coronaviruse NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 19 causes cause NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 20 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 21 consequences consequence NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 22 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 24 short- short- NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 25 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 26 long long JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 27 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 28 term term NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 29 500 500 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 30 evolutionary evolutionary JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 31 trajectories trajectory NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 296 32 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 297 1 mSphere msphere RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 297 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 298 1 2020;24 2020;24 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 298 2 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 298 3 e00408 e00408 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 298 4 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 298 5 20 20 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 298 6 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 299 1 501 501 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 299 2 20 20 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 299 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 1 Paek Paek NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 2 KY KY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 4 Kim Kim NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 5 CS CS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 7 Park Park NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 8 SM SM NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 10 Kim Kim NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 11 JH JH NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 13 Jang Jang NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 14 SK SK NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 15 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 16 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 17 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 18 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 19 protein protein NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 20 hnRNP hnRNP . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 21 D D NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 22 502 502 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 23 modulates modulate VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 24 internal internal JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 25 ribosome ribosome NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 26 entry entry NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 27 site site NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 28 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 29 dependent dependent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 30 translation translation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 31 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 32 hepatitis hepatitis NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 33 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 34 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 35 503 503 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 36 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 300 37 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 301 1 J J NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 301 2 Virol Virol NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 301 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 302 1 2008;82:12082 2008;82:12082 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 302 2 - - SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 302 3 93 93 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 302 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 303 1 504 504 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 303 2 21 21 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 303 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 1 Harris Harris NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 2 RS RS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 4 Bishop Bishop NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 5 KN KN NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 7 Sheehy Sheehy NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 8 AM am NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 10 Craig Craig NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 11 HM HM NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 13 Petersen Petersen NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 14 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 15 Mahrt Mahrt NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 16 SK SK NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 17 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 18 Watt Watt NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 19 IN IN NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 20 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 21 505 505 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 22 Neuberger Neuberger NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 23 MS MS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 24 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 25 Malim Malim NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 26 MH MH NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 27 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 28 DNA dna NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 29 deamination deamination NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 30 mediates mediate NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 31 innate innate VBP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 32 immunity immunity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 33 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 34 506 506 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 35 retroviral retroviral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 36 infection infection NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 304 37 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 305 1 Cell cell NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 305 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 306 1 2003;113:803–809 2003;113:803–809 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 306 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 1 507 507 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 2 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 3 - - : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 4 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 5 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 6 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 7 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 8 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 9 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 10 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 11 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 12 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 13 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 14 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 15 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 16 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 17 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 18 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 19 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 20 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 21 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 22 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 23 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 24 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 25 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 26 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 27 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 28 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 29 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 30 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 31 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 32 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 33 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 34 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 35 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 36 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 37 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 38 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 39 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 307 40 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 23 20 20 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 24 22 22 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 308 25 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 1 Mangeat Mangeat NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 2 B B NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 4 Turelli Turelli NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 5 P P NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 7 Caron Caron NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 8 G G NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 10 Friedli Friedli NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 11 M M NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 13 Perrin Perrin NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 14 L L NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 16 Trono Trono NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 17 D d NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 19 Broad Broad NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 20 antiretroviral antiretroviral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 21 508 508 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 22 defence defence NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 23 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 24 human human JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 25 APOBEC3 apobec3 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 26 G g NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 27 through through IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 28 lethal lethal JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 29 editing editing NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 30 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 31 nascent nascent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 32 reverse reverse JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 33 transcripts transcript NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 309 34 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 310 1 509 509 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 310 2 Nature nature NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 310 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 311 1 2003;424:99–103 2003;424:99–103 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 311 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 312 1 510 510 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 312 2 23 23 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 312 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 1 Zhang Zhang NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 2 H H NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 4 Yang Yang NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 5 B B NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 7 Pomerantz Pomerantz NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 8 RJ RJ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 10 Zhang Zhang NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 11 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 13 Arunachalam Arunachalam NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 14 SC SC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 15 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 16 Gao Gao NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 17 L L NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 19 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 20 cytidine cytidine NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 21 511 511 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 22 deaminase deaminase NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 23 CEM15 CEM15 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 24 induces induce VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 25 hypermutation hypermutation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 26 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 27 newly newly RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 28 synthesized synthesize VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 29 HIV-1 HIV-1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 30 DNA DNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 313 31 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 314 1 512 512 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 314 2 Nature nature NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 314 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 315 1 2003 2003 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 315 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 316 1 424:94–98 424:94–98 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 316 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 317 1 https://doi.org/10 https://doi.org/10 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 317 2 .1038 .1038 . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 317 3 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 317 4 nature01707 nature01707 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 317 5 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 318 1 513 513 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 318 2 24 24 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 318 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 319 1 Harris Harris NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 319 2 RS RS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 319 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 319 4 Dudley Dudley NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 319 5 JP JP NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 319 6 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 319 7 APOBECs apobec NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 319 8 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 319 9 virus virus NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 319 10 restriction restriction NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 319 11 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 320 1 Virology virology NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 320 2 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 321 1 2015;479–514 2015;479–514 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 321 2 480:131–45 480:131–45 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 321 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 322 1 515 515 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 322 2 25 25 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 322 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 1 Sawyer Sawyer NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 2 SL SL NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 4 Emerman Emerman NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 5 M M NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 7 Malik Malik NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 8 HS HS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 9 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 10 Ancient ancient JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 11 adaptive adaptive JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 12 evolution evolution NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 13 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 14 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 15 primate primate JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 16 516 516 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 17 antiviral antiviral JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 18 DNA dna NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 19 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 20 editing edit VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 21 enzyme enzyme NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 323 22 APOBEC3G. apobec3g. RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 324 1 PLoS PLoS NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 324 2 Biol Biol NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 324 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 325 1 2004;2 2004;2 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 325 2 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 325 3 E275 E275 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 325 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 326 1 517 517 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 326 2 26 26 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 326 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 1 Münk Münk NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 2 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 4 Willemsen Willemsen NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 5 A A NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 7 Bravo Bravo NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 8 IG IG NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 9 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 10 An an DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 11 ancient ancient JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 12 history history NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 13 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 14 gene gene NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 15 duplications duplication NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 16 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 17 fusions fusion NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 18 518 518 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 19 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 20 losses loss NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 21 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 22 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 23 evolution evolution NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 24 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 25 APOBEC3 apobec3 JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 26 mutators mutator NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 27 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 28 mammals mammal NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 327 29 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 328 1 BMC BMC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 328 2 Evol Evol NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 328 3 Biol Biol NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 328 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 329 1 519 519 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 329 2 2012;12:71 2012;12:71 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 329 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 330 1 520 520 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 330 2 27 27 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 330 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 1 Henry Henry NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 2 M M NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 4 Terzian Terzian NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 5 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 7 Peeters Peeters NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 8 M M NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 10 Wain Wain NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 11 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 12 Hobson Hobson NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 13 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 14 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 15 Vartanian Vartanian NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 16 JP JP NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 17 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 18 Evolution evolution NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 19 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 20 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 21 521 521 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 22 primate primate JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 23 APOBEC3A APOBEC3A NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 24 cytidine cytidine VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 25 deaminase deaminase NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 26 gene gene NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 27 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 28 identification identification NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 29 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 30 related relate VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 31 coding code VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 32 522 522 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 33 regions region NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 331 34 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 332 1 PLoS PLoS : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 332 2 One one CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 332 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 333 1 2012;7 2012;7 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 333 2 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 333 3 e30036 e30036 JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 333 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 334 1 523 523 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 334 2 28 28 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 334 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 1 Wang Wang NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 2 W W NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 4 Caldwell Caldwell NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 5 MC MC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 6 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 7 Lin Lin NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 8 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 9 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 10 Furneaux Furneaux NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 11 H H NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 12 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 13 Gorospe Gorospe NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 14 M M NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 15 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 16 HuR HuR NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 17 regulates regulate NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 18 cyclin cyclin NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 19 A a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 20 524 524 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 21 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 22 cyclin cyclin NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 23 B1 b1 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 24 mRNA mrna IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 25 stability stability NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 26 during during IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 27 cell cell NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 28 proliferation proliferation NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 335 29 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 336 1 EMBO EMBO NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 336 2 J. J. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 337 1 525 525 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 337 2 2000;19(10):2340 2000;19(10):2340 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 337 3 - - SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 337 4 50 50 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 337 5 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 338 1 526 526 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 338 2 29 29 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 338 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 1 Lal Lal NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 2 A A NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 4 Mazan Mazan NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 5 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 6 Mamczarz Mamczarz NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 7 K K NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 8 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 9 Kawai Kawai NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 10 T T NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 11 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 12 Yang Yang NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 13 X X NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 14 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 15 Martindale Martindale NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 16 JL JL NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 17 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 18 Gorospe Gorospe NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 19 M M NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 20 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 21 527 527 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 22 Concurrent concurrent JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 23 versus versus IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 24 individual individual JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 25 binding binding NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 26 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 27 HuR HuR NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 28 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 29 AUF1 AUF1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 30 to to IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 31 common common JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 32 labile labile NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 33 target target NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 34 528 528 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 35 mRNAs mrnas ADD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 339 36 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 340 1 EMBO EMBO NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 340 2 J. J. NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 341 1 2004;23(15):3092 2004;23(15):3092 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 341 2 - - SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 341 3 102 102 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 341 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 342 1 529 529 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 342 2 30 30 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 342 3 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 1 Giudice giudice NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 2 G g NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 3 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 4 Sánchez Sánchez NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 5 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 6 Cabo Cabo NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 7 F F NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 8 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 9 Torroja Torroja NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 10 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 11 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 12 Lara Lara NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 13 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 14 Pezzi Pezzi NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 15 E e NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 16 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 17 ATtRACT attract VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 18 - - : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 19 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 20 database database NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 21 of of IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 22 530 530 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 23 RNA RNA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 24 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 25 binding bind VBG 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 26 proteins protein NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 27 and and CC 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 28 associated associated JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 29 motifs motif NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 343 30 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 344 1 Database Database NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 344 2 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 344 3 Oxford Oxford NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 344 4 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 344 5 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 345 1 2016;7 2016;7 LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 345 2 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 345 3 baw035 baw035 NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 345 4 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 1 531 531 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 2 532 532 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 3 533 533 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 4 534 534 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 5 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 6 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 7 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 8 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 9 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 10 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 11 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 12 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 13 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 14 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 15 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 16 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 17 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 18 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 19 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 20 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 21 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 22 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 23 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 24 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 25 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 26 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 27 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 28 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 29 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 30 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 31 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 32 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 33 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 34 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 35 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 36 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 37 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 38 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 39 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 40 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 41 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 42 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 346 43 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 POS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 23 21 21 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 24 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 25 1 1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 26 535 535 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 27 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 28 G G NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 29 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 30 GH GH NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 31 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 32 GR GR NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 33 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 34 L L NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 35 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 36 V V NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 37 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 38 S s NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 39 U u NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 40 0.97 0.97 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 41 0.92 0.92 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 42 0.91 0.91 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 43 0.72 0.72 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 44 0.66 0.66 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 45 0.73 0.73 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 46 UA UA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 47 0.89 0.89 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 48 0.80 0.80 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 49 0.92 0.92 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 50 0.62 0.62 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 51 0.30 0.30 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 52 0.50 0.50 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 53 AUU AUU NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 54 0.81 0.81 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 55 0.78 0.78 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 56 0.92 0.92 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 57 0.90 0.90 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 58 0.27 0.27 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 59 0.05 0.05 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 60 CAU CAU NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 61 0.56 0.56 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 62 0.59 0.59 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 63 0.54 0.54 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 64 0.51 0.51 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 65 0.55 0.55 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 66 0.17 0.17 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 67 UGU UGU NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 68 0.68 0.68 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 69 0.82 0.82 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 70 0.52 0.52 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 71 0.59 0.59 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 72 0.88 0.88 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 73 0.50 0.50 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 74 UUA UUA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 75 0.96 0.96 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 76 0.72 0.72 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 77 0.93 0.93 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 78 0.80 0.80 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 79 0.19 0.19 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 80 0.34 0.34 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 81 UUG UUG NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 82 0.67 0.67 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 83 0.78 0.78 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 84 0.20 0.20 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 85 0.92 0.92 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 86 0.69 0.69 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 87 0.05 0.05 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 88 UUU UUU NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 89 0.94 0.94 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 90 0.82 0.82 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 91 0.89 0.89 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 92 0.80 0.80 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 93 0.41 0.41 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 94 0.93 0.93 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 95 536 536 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 96 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 97 2 2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 98 537 537 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 99 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 100 G G NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 101 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 102 GH GH NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 103 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 104 GR GR NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 105 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 106 L L NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 107 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 108 V V NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 109 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 110 S s NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 111 C C NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 112 -0.95 -0.95 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 113 -0.83 -0.83 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 114 -0.95 -0.95 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 115 -0.98 -0.98 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 116 -0.97 -0.97 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 117 -0.35 -0.35 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 118 AG AG NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 119 -0.77 -0.77 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 120 -0.71 -0.71 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 121 -0.27 -0.27 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 122 -0.57 -0.57 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 123 -0.67 -0.67 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 124 -0.44 -0.44 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 125 CA ca NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 126 -0.73 -0.73 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 127 -0.93 -0.93 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 128 -0.85 -0.85 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 129 -0.16 -0.16 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 130 -0.45 -0.45 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 131 -0.82 -0.82 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 132 CC cc NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 133 -0.93 -0.93 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 134 -0.87 -0.87 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 135 -0.75 -0.75 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 136 -0.90 -0.90 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 137 -0.90 -0.90 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 138 -0.09 -0.09 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 139 CU cu NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 140 -0.81 -0.81 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 141 -0.40 -0.40 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 142 -0.79 -0.79 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 143 -0.52 -0.52 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 144 -0.15 -0.15 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 145 -0.10 -0.10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 146 GA GA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 147 -0.28 -0.28 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 148 -0.90 -0.90 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 149 -0.80 -0.80 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 150 -0.62 -0.62 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 151 -0.73 -0.73 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 152 -0.29 -0.29 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 153 GG GG NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 154 -0.60 -0.60 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 155 -0.79 -0.79 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 156 -0.65 -0.65 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 157 -0.03 -0.03 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 158 -0.10 -0.10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 159 -0.23 -0.23 NFP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 160 UC UC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 161 -0.33 -0.33 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 162 -0.23 -0.23 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 163 -0.10 -0.10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 164 -0.58 -0.58 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 165 -0.93 -0.93 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 166 -0.41 -0.41 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 167 AGC AGC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 168 -0.57 -0.57 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 169 -0.87 -0.87 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 170 -0.41 -0.41 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 171 -0.80 -0.80 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 172 -0.78 -0.78 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 173 -0.12 -0.12 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 174 CCC CCC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 175 -0.69 -0.69 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 176 -0.81 -0.81 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 177 -0.67 -0.67 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 178 -0.94 -0.94 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 179 -0.81 -0.81 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 180 -0.50 -0.50 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 181 GAC GAC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 182 -0.73 -0.73 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 183 -0.91 -0.91 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 184 -0.65 -0.65 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 185 -0.35 -0.35 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 186 -0.18 -0.18 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 187 -0.55 -0.55 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 188 GAG GAG NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 189 -0.11 -0.11 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 190 -0.58 -0.58 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 191 -0.64 -0.64 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 192 -0.50 -0.50 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 193 -0.81 -0.81 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 194 -0.02 -0.02 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 195 GGA GGA NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 196 -0.73 -0.73 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 197 -0.84 -0.84 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 198 -0.75 -0.75 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 199 -0.65 -0.65 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 200 -0.81 -0.81 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 201 -0.52 -0.52 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 202 538 538 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 203 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 204 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 205 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 206 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 207 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 208 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 209 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 210 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 211 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 212 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 213 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 214 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 215 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 216 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 217 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 218 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 219 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 220 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 221 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 222 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 223 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 224 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 225 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 226 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 227 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 228 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 229 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 230 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 231 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 232 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 233 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 234 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 235 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 236 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 237 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 238 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 239 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 240 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 347 241 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 POS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 23 22 22 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 24 Table table NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 25 3 3 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 26 539 539 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 27 Clade clade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 28 G G NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 29 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 30 GH GH NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 31 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 32 GR GR NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 33 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 34 L L NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 35 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 36 V V NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 37 Clade Clade NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 38 S S NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 39 PTBP1 PTBP1 '' 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 40 -2.81 -2.81 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 41 -3.46 -3.46 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 42 -4.92 -4.92 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 43 -13.50 -13.50 NFP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 44 -11.66 -11.66 NFP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 45 3.95 3.95 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 46 HNRNPL hnrnpl NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 47 -3.03 -3.03 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 48 -1.78 -1.78 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 49 -0.52 -0.52 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 50 -3.62 -3.62 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 51 -6.48 -6.48 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 52 0.71 0.71 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 53 NOVA1 nova1 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 54 -0.04 -0.04 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 55 -2.77 -2.77 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 56 -0.70 -0.70 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 57 -3.37 -3.37 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 58 -5.04 -5.04 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 59 1.09 1.09 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 60 SRSF2 SRSF2 VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 61 -1.17 -1.17 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 62 -3.02 -3.02 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 63 -1.09 -1.09 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 64 -3.10 -3.10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 65 -3.10 -3.10 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 66 0.78 0.78 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 67 ZFP36 ZFP36 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 68 1.67 1.67 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 69 -3.50 -3.50 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 70 -1.98 -1.98 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 71 -3.48 -3.48 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 72 -4.78 -4.78 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 73 1.86 1.86 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 74 HNRNPA1 hnrnpa1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 75 -0.16 -0.16 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 76 -2.50 -2.50 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 77 -0.50 -0.50 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 78 -2.64 -2.64 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 79 -3.93 -3.93 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 80 0.44 0.44 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 81 ELAVL1 elavl1 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 82 2.82 2.82 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 83 0.47 0.47 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 84 2.87 2.87 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 85 0.59 0.59 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 86 0.03 0.03 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 87 2.39 2.39 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 88 TIA1 TIA1 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 89 -0.82 -0.82 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 90 -2.05 -2.05 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 91 -1.20 -1.20 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 92 -1.72 -1.72 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 93 -4.41 -4.41 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 94 1.67 1.67 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 95 PCBP2 pcbp2 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 96 -0.37 -0.37 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 97 -2.50 -2.50 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 98 -1.03 -1.03 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 99 -2.28 -2.28 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 100 -2.35 -2.35 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 101 0.11 0.11 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 102 SRSF1 SRSF1 NNS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 103 -0.63 -0.63 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 104 -2.29 -2.29 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 105 -1.26 -1.26 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 106 -2.55 -2.55 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 107 -1.84 -1.84 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 108 0.36 0.36 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 109 540 540 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 110 541 541 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 111 542 542 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 112 543 543 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 113 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 114 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 115 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 116 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 117 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 118 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 119 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 120 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 121 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 122 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 123 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 124 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 125 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 126 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 127 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 128 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 129 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 130 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 131 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 132 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 133 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 134 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 135 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 136 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 137 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 138 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 139 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 140 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 141 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 142 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 143 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 144 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 145 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 146 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 147 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 148 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 149 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 150 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 348 151 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 23 23 23 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 24 544 544 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 25 545 545 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 26 546 546 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 27 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 28 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 29 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 30 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 31 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 32 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 33 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 34 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 35 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 36 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 37 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 38 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 39 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 40 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 41 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 42 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 43 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 44 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 45 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 46 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 47 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 48 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 49 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 50 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 51 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 52 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 53 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 54 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 55 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 56 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 57 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 58 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 59 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 60 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 61 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 62 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 63 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 64 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 349 65 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 23 24 24 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 24 547 547 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 25 548 548 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 26 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 27 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 28 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 29 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 30 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 31 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 32 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 33 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 34 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 35 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 36 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 37 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 38 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 39 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 40 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 41 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 42 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 43 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 44 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 45 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 46 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 47 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 48 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 49 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 50 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 51 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 52 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 53 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 54 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 55 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 56 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 57 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 58 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 59 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 60 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 61 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 62 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 63 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 350 64 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 23 25 25 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 24 549 549 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 25 550 550 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 26 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 27 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 28 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 29 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 30 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 31 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 32 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 33 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 34 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 35 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 36 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 37 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 38 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 39 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 40 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 41 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 42 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 43 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 44 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 45 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 46 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 47 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 48 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 49 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 50 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 51 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 52 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 53 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 54 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 55 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 56 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 57 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 58 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 59 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 60 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 61 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 62 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 63 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 351 64 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 23 26 26 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 24 551 551 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 25 552 552 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 26 553 553 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 27 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 28 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 29 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 30 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 31 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 32 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 33 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 34 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 35 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 36 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 37 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 38 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 39 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 40 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 41 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 42 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 43 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 44 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 45 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 46 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 47 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 48 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 49 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 50 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 51 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 52 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 53 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 54 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 55 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 56 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 57 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 58 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 59 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 60 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 61 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 62 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 63 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 64 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 352 65 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 23 27 27 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 24 554 554 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 25 .CC .CC : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 26 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 27 BY BY NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 28 - - HYPH 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 29 NC NC NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 30 4.0 4.0 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 31 International international JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 32 licensemade licensemade NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 33 available available JJ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 34 under under IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 35 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 36 ( ( -LRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 37 which which WDT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 38 was be VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 39 not not RB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 40 certified certify VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 41 by by IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 42 peer peer NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 43 review review NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 44 ) ) -RRB- 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 45 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 46 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 47 author author NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 48 / / SYM 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 49 funder funder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 50 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 51 who who WP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 52 has have VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 53 granted grant VBN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 54 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 55 a a DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 56 license license NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 57 to to TO 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 58 display display VB 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 59 the the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 60 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 61 in in IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 62 perpetuity perpetuity NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 353 63 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 1 It -PRON- PRP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 2 is be VBZ 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 3 The the DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 4 copyright copyright NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 5 holder holder NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 6 for for IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 7 this this DT 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 8 preprintthis preprintthis NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 9 version version NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 10 posted post VBD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 11 January January NNP 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 12 6 6 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 13 , , , 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 14 2021 2021 CD 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 15 . . . 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 16 ; ; : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 17 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508doi LS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 18 : : : 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 19 bioRxiv biorxiv IN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 20 preprint preprint NN 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 21 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.05.425508 POS 10_1101-2021_01_05_425508 354 22 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ NNP