Distant Reader - author-youngeRichard-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-23 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 32 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,361,311 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 42,540 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 98. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, will, us, shall, good, yea, one, man, men, may, like, yet, christ, many, much, never, make, even, let, hee, gods, great, lord, world, love, life, every, without, things, heart, though, saith, sin, well, see, nothing, know, heaven, bee, now, others, wee, made, first, ever, neither, say, give, onely, doe

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A Christian library, or, A pleasant and plentiful paradise of practical divinity in 37 treatises of sundry and select subjects ... / by R. Younge ..., The drunkard''s character, or, A true drunkard with such sinnes as raigne in him viz. pride. Ignorance. Enmity. Atheisme. Idlenesse. Adultery. Murther. with many the like. Lively set forth in their colours. Together with Compleat armour against evill society. The which may serve also for a common-place-booke of the most usuall sinnes. By R. Iunius., and A counterpoyson, or Soverain antidote against all griefe as also, the benefit of affliction and how to husband it so that the weakest Christian (with blessing from above) may be able to support himself in his most miserable exigents : together with the victory of patience : extracted out of the choicest authors, ancient and modern, both holy and humane : necessary to be read of all that any way suffer tribulation..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

let us, holy ghost, wicked men, every one, god will, make us, wise man, take away, will make, early english, english books, every man, may bee, one day, give us, shall bee, gods word, will never, every thing, good men, whole world, books online, good conscience, shall never, saint paul, wee may, may see, gods people, saving knowledge, hee will, wicked man, will give, jesus christ, good things, makes us, gods glory, shall see, right hand, saith saint, good works, saviour christ, ten thousand, many times, page images, every day, given us, rich man, gods spirit, taken away, iesus christ

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A serious and pathetical description of heaven and hell according to the pencil of the Holy Ghost, and the best expositors: sufficient (with the blessing of God) to make the worst of men hate sin, and love holiness. Being five chapters taken out of a book entituled, The whole duty of a Christian: composed by R. Younge, late of Roxwell in Essex, florilegus. The cure of misprision or Selected notes, upon sundry questions in controversie (of main concernment) between the word, and the world. Tending to reconcile mens judgements, and unite their affections. Composed and published for the common good : as being a probable means to cure prejudice, and misprision in such as are not past cure. / by R. Junius., and Anti-Quakerism, or, A character of the Quakers spirit, from its original and first cause. / Written by a pious gentleman that hath been thirteen years amongst the Separatists to make observations, and is now returned home with a full intent to lay open the whole mystery of iniquity, in unvailing the whore, that men may no longer drink of the wine of her fornications; he hath vowed a single life, and given himself up wholly to the exercises of the mind. And here he hath described the spirit of Quakerism. 1. Being a precise Puritan. 2. An Anabaptist. 3. A Seeker. 4. A Ranter. 5. A Quaker, and indeed what not, all things, and nothing. By which character every man may in some measure see the deceitfulness of his own imagination and be careful, and watch himself accordinly [sic]..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, lord, christ, man, gods, cor, saviour, good, law, king, tcp, psal, word, matth, satan, prov, gospel, church, christian, chap, thou, religion, paul, heaven, ghost, father, spirit, sin, joh, devill, christians, children, thy, sam, rom, mat, like, holy, hell, david, acts, yea, world, serpent, sea, iohn, iob, drunkards, devil, sun

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and A hopefull way to cure that horrid sinne of swearing, or, An help to save swearers if willing to be saved being an offer or message from him whom they so daringly and audaciously provoke : also a curb against cursing. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

man, men, life, things, yea, heart, nothing, others, sin, world, way, death, time, love, reason, grace, faith, hee, glory, hath, day, soul, thing, fire, enemies, hearts, none, conscience, self, children, mercy, body, case, end, ▪, selves, evill, word, thy, sins, words, knowledge, truth, part, one, sinne, hand, good, people, eyes

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, do, had, did, make, being, let, see, know, made, say, give, take, come, been, makes, hath, think, done, bee, suffer, said, put, given, go, love, set, am, hear, live, cast, having, does, serve, become, doe, speak, according, thought, saved, taken, read, believe, hate, look

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, thou, christ, yea, 〉, lord, hath, ◊, 〈, heaven, ●, gods, wee, c., cor, hell, satan, doe, saviour, hee, david, psal, paul, bee, hast, rom, king, chap, matth, law, holy, word, christian, owne, luke, ye, father, christians, prov, spirit, christs, sam, john, mans, gen., mat, sect, saint, iohn, ghost

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, his, they, he, their, our, we, them, him, i, us, you, thy, my, me, your, her, themselves, thee, himself, she, its, one, theirs, ours, mine, ye, pelf, yours, thou, whereof, s, yee, ourselves, hee, vvhat, elias, ay, myself, imself, hers, ●, ut, u, o, itself, ys, withthem, wil, whosoever

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

good, many, more, other, great, such, own, much, wicked, same, true, saith, wise, little, better, least, best, whole, poor, rich, godly, greater, like, very, first, able, worse, greatest, holy, most, dead, few, small, happy, sure, full, common, last, ill, evil, strong, old, new, sweet, present, former, everlasting, spiritual, covetous, religious

not, so, then, more, never, even, as, now, out, up, ever, well, most, much, onely, yet, indeed, away, only, rather, also, first, again, too, therefore, once, here, thus, together, no, very, long, off, far, down, in, enough, else, secondly, better, all, just, still, there, forth, whatsoever, otherwise, often, alone, on

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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