The last sermon of his grace John late Lord Archbishop of Canterbury Preach'd before the King and Queen at White-Hall, February 25th, 1693/4/ Together with his Grace's sermon on Phil.3.20. For our conversation is in Heaven.
         Tillotson, John, 1630-1694.
      
       
         
           1695
        
      
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             The last sermon of his grace John late Lord Archbishop of Canterbury Preach'd before the King and Queen at White-Hall, February 25th, 1693/4/ Together with his Grace's sermon on Phil.3.20. For our conversation is in Heaven.
             Tillotson, John, 1630-1694.
          
           55, [1] p.
           
             printed for B. Aylmer at the Three Pigeons against the Royal-Exchange in Cornhill; and W. Rogers at the Sun against St. Dunstan's Church in Fleetstreet,
             London :
             MDCXCV. [1695]
          
           
             John late Lord Archbishop of Caterbury = John Tillotson.
             After date in imprint: Price 6 d.
             First and last leaves are advertisements.
             Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Advertisement
           .
        
         
           WHereas
           several
           Sermons
           of
           His
           Grace
           JOHN
           late
           Lord
           Archbishop
           of
           Canterbury
           ,
           Imperfectly
           taken
           from
           Him
           in
           Short-hand
           ,
           may
           be
           surreptitiously
           Printed
           :
           This
           is
           to
           give
           Notice
           ,
           That
           there
           is
           nothing
           of
           His
           Grace's
           design'd
           for
           the
           Press
           at
           present
           ;
           and
           that
           when
           there
           is
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           Advertiz'd
           in
           the
           Gazette
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           
             Last
             Sermon
          
           Of
           His
           GRACE
           JOHN
           late
           Lord
           Archbishop
           of
           CANTERBURY
           .
           Preach'd
           before
           the
           KING
           and
           QUEEN
           AT
           
             White-Hall
             ,
             February
          
           25th
           ,
           1693
           /
           4.
           
        
         
           Together
           with
           his
           Grace's
           SERMON
           ON
           
             Phil.
             3.
             20.
             
          
           
             For
             our
             Conversation
             is
             in
             Heaven
             .
          
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           for
           
             B.
             Aylmer
          
           at
           the
           
             Three
             Pigeons
          
           against
           the
           Royal-Exchange
           in
           Cornhill
           ;
           and
           
             W.
             Rogers
          
           at
           the
           Sun
           against
           St.
           
           Dunstan's
           Church
           in
           Fleetstreet
           .
           MDCXCV
           .
           Price
           6
           d.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           THE
           LAST
           SERMON
           Of
           His
           GRACE
           JOHN
           late
           Lord
           Archbishop
           of
           Canterbury
           .
        
         
           
             TIT.
             III.
             2.
             
          
           
             To
             speak
             evil
             of
             no
             man.
             
          
        
         
           GEneral
           Persuasives
           to
           Repentance
           and
           a
           good
           Life
           ,
           and
           Invectives
           against
           Sin
           and
           Wickedness
           at
           large
           ,
           are
           certainly
           of
           good
           use
           to
           recommend
           Religion
           and
           Virtue
           ,
           and
           to
           expose
           the
           deformity
           and
           danger
           of
           a
           Vicious
           course
           .
           But
           it
           must
           be
           acknowleged
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           that
           these
           general
           Discourses
           do
           not
           so
           immediately
           tend
           to
           reform
           the
           Lives
           of
           men
           :
           Because
           they
           fall
           among
           the
           Croud
           ,
           but
           do
           not
           touch
           the
           Consciences
           of
           particular
           Persons
           in
           so
           sensible
           and
           awakening
           a
           manner
           as
           when
           we
           treat
           of
           particular
           Duties
           and
           
           Sins
           ,
           and
           endeavour
           to
           put
           men
           upon
           the
           practice
           of
           the
           one
           ,
           and
           to
           reclaim
           them
           from
           the
           other
           ,
           by
           proper
           Arguments
           taken
           from
           the
           Word
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           nature
           of
           particular
           Vertues
           and
           Vices
           .
        
         
           The
           general
           way
           is
           ,
           as
           if
           a
           Physician
           ,
           instead
           of
           applying
           particular
           Remedies
           to
           the
           Distemper
           of
           his
           Patient
           ,
           should
           entertain
           him
           with
           a
           long
           discourse
           of
           Diseases
           in
           general
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           pleasure
           and
           advantages
           of
           Health
           ;
           and
           earnestly
           persuade
           him
           to
           be
           well
           ;
           without
           taking
           his
           particular
           Disease
           into
           consideration
           ,
           and
           prescribing
           Remedies
           for
           it
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           we
           would
           effectually
           reform
           men
           ,
           we
           must
           take
           to
           task
           the
           great
           and
           common
           disorders
           of
           their
           Lives
           ,
           and
           represent
           their
           faults
           to
           them
           in
           such
           a
           manner
           as
           may
           convince
           them
           of
           the
           evil
           and
           danger
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           put
           them
           upon
           the
           endeavour
           of
           a
           cure
           .
        
         
           And
           to
           this
           end
           I
           have
           pitched
           upon
           one
           of
           the
           common
           and
           reigning
           Vices
           of
           the
           Age
           ,
           Calumny
           and
           Evil-speaking
           ;
           by
           which
           men
           contract
           so
           much
           guilt
           to
           themselves
           ,
           and
           create
           so
           much
           trouble
           to
           others
           :
           And
           from
           which
           ,
           it
           is
           to
           be
           feared
           ,
           few
           or
           none
           are
           wholly
           free
           .
           For
           
             who
             is
             he
          
           ,
           saith
           the
           Son
           of
           
             Sirach
             ,
             that
             hath
             not
             offended
             with
             his
             tongue
             ?
          
           Ecclus.
           19.
           16.
           
           
             In
             many
             things
          
           ,
           saith
           St.
           James
           ,
           James
           3.
           2.
           
             we
             offend
             all
             :
             And
             if
             any
             man
             offend
             not
             in
             word
             ,
             the
             same
             is
             a
             perfect
             man.
             
          
        
         
           But
           how
           few
           have
           attain'd
           to
           this
           perfection
           ?
           And
           yet
           unless
           we
           do
           endeavour
           after
           it
           ,
           and
           in
           some
           good
           measure
           attain
           it
           ,
           all
           our
           pretence
           to
           Religion
           is
           vain
           :
           So
           the
           same
           Apostle
           tells
           us
           ,
           James
           1.
           26.
           
           
             If
             any
             man
             among
             you
             seemeth
             to
             be
             religious
             ,
             and
             bridleth
             not
             his
             tongue
             ,
             but
             deceiveth
             his
             own
             heart
             ,
             that
             man's
             Religion
             is
             vain
             .
          
        
         
         
           For
           the
           more
           distinct
           handling
           of
           this
           Argument
           ,
           I
           shall
           reduce
           my
           Discourse
           to
           these
           Five
           Heads
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           I
           shall
           consider
           the
           Nature
           of
           this
           Vice
           ,
           and
           wherein
           it
           consists
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           I
           shall
           consider
           the
           due
           extent
           of
           this
           Prohibition
           ,
           
             To
             speak
             evil
             of
             no
             man.
             
          
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           I
           shall
           shew
           the
           Evil
           of
           this
           practice
           ,
           both
           in
           the
           Causes
           and
           Effects
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           I
           shall
           add
           some
           further
           Considerations
           to
           dissuade
           men
           from
           it
           .
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           I
           shall
           give
           some
           Rules
           and
           Directions
           for
           the
           prevention
           and
           cure
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           I.
           I
           shall
           consider
           
             what
             this
             Sin
             or
             Vice
             of
             evil
             speaking
             ,
             here
             forbidden
             by
             the
             Apostle
             ,
             is
             :
          
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           not
           to
           defame
           and
           slander
           any
           man
           ,
           not
           to
           
             hurt
             his
             reputation
          
           ,
           as
           the
           Etymology
           of
           the
           word
           doth
           import
           .
           So
           that
           this
           Vice
           consists
           in
           saying
           things
           of
           others
           which
           tend
           to
           their
           disparagement
           and
           reproach
           ,
           to
           the
           taking
           away
           or
           lessening
           of
           their
           Reputation
           and
           good
           Name
           .
           And
           this
           ,
           whether
           the
           things
           said
           be
           true
           or
           not
           .
           If
           they
           be
           false
           ,
           and
           we
           know
           it
           ,
           then
           it
           is
           downright
           Calumny
           ;
           and
           if
           we
           do
           not
           know
           it
           ,
           but
           take
           it
           upon
           the
           report
           of
           others
           ,
           it
           is
           however
           a
           Slander
           ;
           and
           so
           much
           the
           more
           injurious
           ,
           because
           really
           groundless
           and
           undeserved
           .
        
         
           If
           the
           thing
           be
           true
           ,
           and
           we
           know
           it
           to
           be
           so
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           a
           defamation
           ,
           and
           tends
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           our
           neighbour's
           reputation
           :
           And
           it
           is
           a
           fault
           to
           say
           the
           evil
           of
           others
           which
           is
           true
           ,
           unless
           there
           be
           some
           good
           reason
           for
           it
           besides
           :
           Because
           it
           is
           contrary
           to
           that
           charity
           and
           goodness
           which
           Christianity
           requires
           ,
           to
           divulge
           the
           faults
           of
           others
           ,
           though
           they
           be
           really
           guilty
           of
           them
           ,
           without
           necessity
           or
           some
           other
           very
           good
           reason
           for
           it
           .
        
         
         
           Again
           ,
           It
           is
           Evil-speaking
           and
           the
           Vice
           condemn'd
           in
           the
           Text
           ,
           whether
           we
           be
           the
           first
           Authors
           of
           an
           ill
           Report
           ,
           or
           relate
           it
           from
           others
           ;
           because
           the
           man
           that
           is
           evil
           spoken
           of
           is
           equally
           defam'd
           either
           way
           .
        
         
           Again
           ,
           Whether
           we
           speak
           evil
           of
           a
           man
           to
           his
           face
           ,
           or
           behind
           his
           back
           :
           The
           former
           way
           indeed
           seems
           to
           be
           the
           more
           generous
           ,
           but
           yet
           is
           a
           great
           Fault
           ,
           and
           that
           which
           we
           call
           reviling
           :
           The
           latter
           is
           more
           mean
           and
           base
           ,
           and
           that
           which
           we
           properly
           call
           Slander
           or
           Backbiting
           .
        
         
           And
           Lastly
           ,
           Whether
           it
           be
           done
           directly
           and
           in
           express
           terms
           ,
           or
           more
           obscurely
           and
           by
           way
           of
           oblique
           insinuation
           ;
           whether
           by
           way
           of
           downright
           reproach
           ,
           or
           with
           some
           crafty
           preface
           of
           commendation
           :
           For
           so
           it
           have
           the
           effect
           to
           defame
           ,
           the
           manner
           of
           address
           does
           not
           much
           alter
           the
           case
           :
           The
           one
           may
           be
           more
           dextrous
           ,
           but
           is
           not
           one
           jot
           less
           faulty
           :
           For
           many
           times
           the
           deepest
           Wounds
           are
           given
           by
           these
           smoother
           and
           more
           artificial
           ways
           of
           Slander
           ;
           as
           by
           asking
           questions
           ,
           
             Have
             you
             not
             heard
             so
             and
             so
             of
             such
             a
             man
             ?
             I
             say
             no
             more
             ,
             I
             only
             ask
             the
             question
             :
          
           Or
           by
           general
           intimations
           ,
           that
           
             they
             are
             loth
             to
             say
             what
             they
             have
             heard
             of
             such
             a
             one
             ,
             are
             very
             sorry
             for
             it
             ,
             and
             do
             not
             at
             all
             believe
             it
             ,
          
           if
           you
           will
           believe
           them
           ;
           And
           this
           many
           times
           without
           telling
           the
           thing
           ,
           but
           leaving
           you
           in
           the
           dark
           to
           suspect
           the
           worst
           .
        
         
           These
           and
           such
           like
           Arts
           ,
           though
           they
           may
           seem
           to
           be
           tenderer
           and
           gentler
           ways
           of
           using
           mens
           reputation
           ,
           yet
           in
           truth
           they
           are
           the
           most
           malicious
           and
           effectual
           methods
           of
           Slander
           ;
           because
           they
           insinuate
           something
           that
           is
           much
           worse
           than
           is
           said
           ,
           and
           yet
           are
           very
           apt
           to
           create
           in
           unwary
           men
           a
           strong
           belief
           of
           something
           that
           is
           very
           bad
           ,
           though
           they
           know
           not
           what
           it
           is
           .
           So
           that
           it
           matters
           not
           in
           what
           fashion
           a
           Slander
           
           is
           dress'd
           up
           ,
           if
           it
           tend
           to
           defame
           a
           man
           and
           to
           diminish
           his
           Reputation
           ,
           it
           is
           the
           Sin
           forbidden
           in
           the
           Text.
           
        
         
           II.
           We
           will
           consider
           
             the
             extent
             of
             this
             Prohibition
             to
             speak
             evil
             of
             no
             man
          
           ;
           and
           the
           due
           
             bounds
             and
             limitations
             of
             it
          
           .
           For
           it
           is
           not
           to
           be
           understood
           absolutely
           ,
           to
           forbid
           us
           to
           say
           any
           thing
           concerning
           others
           that
           is
           bad
           .
           This
           in
           some
           cases
           may
           be
           necessary
           and
           our
           duty
           ,
           and
           in
           several
           cases
           very
           fit
           and
           reasonable
           .
           The
           Question
           is
           ,
           In
           what
           Cases
           by
           the
           general
           Rules
           of
           Scripture
           and
           right
           Reason
           we
           are
           warranted
           to
           say
           the
           evil
           of
           others
           that
           is
           true
           ?
        
         
           In
           general
           ,
           we
           are
           not
           to
           do
           this
           without
           great
           reason
           and
           necessity
           ;
           as
           ,
           for
           the
           prevention
           of
           some
           great
           evil
           ,
           or
           the
           procuring
           of
           some
           considerable
           good
           to
           our selves
           ,
           or
           others
           .
           And
           this
           I
           take
           to
           be
           the
           meaning
           of
           that
           advice
           of
           the
           Son
           of
           Sirach
           ,
           Eccl.
           19.
           8.
           
           
             Whether
             it
             be
             to
             a
             friend
             or
             a
             foe
             ,
             talk
             not
             of
             other
             mens
             lives
             ;
             and
             if
             thou
             canst
             without
             offence
             reveal
             them
             not
          
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           if
           without
           hurt
           to
           any
           body
           thou
           canst
           conceal
           them
           ,
           divulge
           them
           not
           .
        
         
           But
           because
           this
           may
           not
           be
           direction
           sufficient
           ,
           I
           shall
           instance
           in
           some
           of
           the
           principal
           Cases
           wherein
           men
           are
           warranted
           to
           speak
           evil
           of
           others
           ,
           and
           yet
           in
           so
           doing
           do
           not
           offend
           against
           this
           Prohibition
           in
           the
           Text.
           
        
         
           First
           ,
           It
           is
           not
           only
           lawful
           ,
           but
           very
           commendable
           ,
           and
           many
           times
           our
           duty
           to
           do
           this
           in
           order
           to
           the
           probable
           amendment
           of
           the
           person
           of
           whom
           evil
           is
           spoken
           .
           In
           such
           a
           case
           we
           may
           tell
           a
           man
           of
           his
           faults
           privately
           ;
           or
           where
           it
           may
           not
           be
           so
           fit
           for
           us
           to
           use
           that
           boldness
           and
           freedom
           ,
           we
           may
           reveal
           his
           faults
           to
           one
           who
           is
           more
           fit
           and
           proper
           to
           reprove
           him
           ,
           and
           will
           probably
           
           make
           no
           other
           use
           of
           this
           discovery
           but
           in
           order
           to
           his
           amendment
           .
           And
           this
           is
           so
           far
           from
           being
           a
           breach
           of
           Charity
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           one
           of
           the
           best
           testimonies
           of
           it
           .
           For
           perhaps
           the
           party
           may
           not
           be
           guilty
           of
           what
           hath
           been
           reported
           of
           him
           ,
           and
           then
           it
           is
           a
           kindness
           to
           give
           him
           the
           opportunity
           of
           vindicating
           himself
           :
           Or
           if
           he
           be
           guilty
           ,
           perhaps
           being
           privately
           and
           prudently
           told
           of
           it
           he
           may
           reform
           .
           In
           this
           Case
           the
           Son
           of
           Sirach
           adviseth
           to
           reveal
           men's
           faults
           ;
           
             Ecclus.
             19.
             13
             ,
             14
             ,
             15.
             
             Admonish
             a
             friend
             ,
          
           says
           he
           ,
           
             it
             may
             be
             he
             hath
             not
             done
             it
             ;
             and
             if
             he
             have
             done
             it
             ,
             that
             he
             do
             it
             no
             more
             :
             Admonish
             a
             friend
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             he
             hath
             not
             said
             it
             ;
             and
             if
             he
             have
             ,
             that
             he
             speak
             it
             not
             again
             :
             Admonish
             a
             friend
             ,
             for
             many
             times
             it
             is
             a
             slander
             ;
             and
             believe
             not
             every
             tale
             .
          
        
         
           But
           then
           we
           must
           take
           care
           that
           this
           be
           done
           out
           of
           kindness
           ,
           and
           that
           nothing
           of
           our
           own
           passion
           be
           mingled
           with
           it
           ;
           and
           that
           under
           pretence
           of
           reproving
           and
           reforming
           men
           ,
           we
           do
           not
           reproach
           and
           revile
           them
           ,
           and
           tell
           them
           of
           their
           faults
           in
           such
           a
           manner
           as
           if
           we
           did
           it
           to
           shew
           our
           authority
           rather
           than
           our
           charity
           .
           It
           requires
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           address
           and
           gentle
           application
           so
           to
           manage
           the
           business
           of
           Reproof
           ,
           as
           not
           to
           irritate
           and
           exasperate
           the
           person
           whom
           we
           reprove
           ,
           instead
           of
           curing
           him
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           This
           likewise
           is
           not
           only
           lawful
           ,
           but
           our
           duty
           ,
           when
           we
           are
           legally
           called
           to
           bear
           witness
           concerning
           the
           fault
           and
           crime
           of
           another
           .
           A
           good
           man
           would
           not
           be
           an
           accuser
           ,
           unless
           the
           publick
           good
           ,
           or
           the
           prevention
           of
           some
           great
           evil
           should
           require
           it
           .
           And
           then
           the
           plain
           reason
           of
           the
           thing
           will
           sufficiently
           justifie
           a
           voluntary
           accusation
           :
           otherwise
           it
           hath
           always
           among
           well-manner'd
           People
           been
           esteemed
           very
           odious
           for
           a
           man
           to
           be
           officious
           in
           this
           kind
           ,
           and
           
           a
           forward
           Informer
           concerning
           the
           misdemeanors
           of
           others
           .
           Magistrates
           may
           sometimes
           think
           it
           fit
           to
           give
           encouragement
           to
           such
           persons
           ,
           and
           to
           set
           one
           bad
           man
           to
           catch
           another
           ,
           because
           such
           men
           are
           fittest
           for
           such
           dirty
           work
           :
           But
           they
           can
           never
           inwardly
           approve
           them
           ,
           nor
           will
           they
           ever
           make
           them
           their
           friends
           and
           confidents
           .
        
         
           But
           when
           a
           man
           is
           call'd
           to
           give
           testimony
           in
           this
           kind
           in
           obedience
           to
           the
           Laws
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           reverence
           to
           the
           Oath
           taken
           in
           such
           Cases
           ,
           he
           is
           so
           far
           from
           deserving
           blame
           for
           so
           doing
           ,
           that
           it
           would
           be
           an
           unpardonable
           fault
           in
           him
           to
           conceal
           the
           truth
           ,
           or
           any
           part
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           It
           is
           lawful
           to
           publish
           the
           faults
           of
           others
           in
           our
           own
           necessary
           defence
           and
           vindication
           .
           When
           a
           man
           cannot
           conceal
           another's
           faults
           without
           betraying
           his
           own
           innocency
           ,
           no
           charity
           requires
           a
           man
           to
           suffer
           himself
           to
           be
           defamed
           to
           save
           the
           reputation
           of
           another
           man.
           
             Charity
             begins
             at
             home
          
           ;
           and
           though
           a
           man
           had
           never
           so
           much
           goodness
           ,
           he
           would
           first
           secure
           his
           own
           good
           name
           ,
           and
           then
           be
           concern'd
           for
           other
           men's
           .
           We
           are
           
             to
             love
             our
             neighbour
             as
             our selves
          
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           love
           of
           our selves
           is
           the
           Rule
           and
           Measure
           of
           our
           love
           to
           our
           neighbour
           :
           And
           therefore
           first
           ,
           otherwise
           it
           could
           not
           be
           the
           Rule
           .
           And
           it
           would
           be
           very
           well
           for
           the
           World
           ,
           if
           our
           Charity
           would
           rise
           thus
           high
           ;
           and
           no
           man
           would
           hurt
           another
           man's
           reputation
           ,
           but
           where
           his
           own
           is
           in
           real
           danger
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           This
           also
           is
           lawful
           for
           caution
           and
           warning
           to
           a
           third
           person
           ,
           that
           is
           in
           danger
           to
           be
           infected
           by
           the
           company
           ,
           or
           ill
           example
           of
           another
           ;
           or
           may
           be
           greatly
           prejudiced
           by
           reposing
           too
           much
           confidence
           in
           him
           ,
           having
           no
           knowledge
           or
           suspicion
           of
           his
           bad
           qualities
           :
           But
           even
           in
           this
           case
           we
           ought
           to
           take
           great
           care
           that
           
           the
           ill
           character
           we
           give
           of
           any
           man
           be
           spread
           no
           further
           than
           is
           necessary
           to
           the
           good
           end
           we
           designed
           in
           it
           .
        
         
           Besides
           these
           more
           obvious
           and
           remarkable
           Cases
           ,
           this
           Prohibition
           doth
           not
           I
           think
           hinder
           but
           that
           in
           ordinary
           conversation
           men
           may
           mention
           that
           ill
           of
           others
           which
           is
           already
           made
           as
           publick
           as
           it
           well
           can
           be
           :
           Or
           that
           one
           friend
           may
           not
           in
           freedom
           speak
           to
           another
           of
           the
           miscarriage
           of
           a
           third
           person
           ,
           where
           he
           is
           secure
           no
           ill
           use
           will
           be
           made
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           will
           go
           no
           further
           to
           his
           prejudice
           :
           Provided
           always
           ,
           that
           we
           take
           no
           delight
           in
           hearing
           or
           speaking
           ill
           of
           others
           :
           And
           the
           less
           we
           do
           it
           ,
           though
           without
           any
           malice
           or
           design
           of
           harm
           ,
           still
           the
           better
           ;
           because
           this
           shews
           that
           we
           do
           not
           feed
           upon
           ill
           reports
           and
           take
           pleasure
           in
           them
           .
        
         
           These
           are
           the
           usual
           Cases
           in
           which
           it
           may
           be
           necessary
           for
           us
           to
           speak
           evil
           of
           other
           men
           .
           And
           these
           are
           so
           evidently
           reasonable
           that
           the
           Prohibition
           in
           the
           Text
           cannot
           with
           reason
           be
           extended
           to
           them
           .
           And
           if
           no
           man
           would
           allow
           himself
           to
           say
           any
           thing
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           another
           man's
           good
           name
           ,
           but
           in
           these
           and
           the
           like
           Cases
           ,
           the
           tongues
           of
           men
           would
           be
           very
           innocent
           ,
           and
           the
           World
           would
           be
           very
           quiet
           .
           I
           proceed
           in
           the
        
         
           IIId
           .
           place
           to
           consider
           
             the
             evil
             of
             this
             practice
          
           ,
           both
           in
           the
           Causes
           and
           the
           Consequences
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           We
           will
           consider
           the
           Causes
           of
           it
           .
           And
           it
           commonly
           springs
           from
           one
           or
           more
           of
           these
           evil
           Roots
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           One
           of
           the
           deepest
           and
           most
           common
           Causes
           of
           evil-speaking
           is
           ill-nature
           and
           cruelty
           of
           disposition
           :
           And
           by
           a
           general
           mistake
           Ill-nature
           passeth
           for
           Wit
           ,
           as
           Cunning
           doth
           for
           Wisdom
           ;
           tho
           in
           truth
           they
           are
           nothing
           a-kin
           to
           one
           another
           ,
           but
           as
           far
           distant
           as
           Vice
           and
           Vertue
           .
        
         
         
           And
           there
           is
           no
           greater
           evidence
           of
           the
           bad
           temper
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           than
           the
           general
           proneness
           of
           men
           to
           this
           Vice.
           For
           (
           as
           our
           Saviour
           says
           )
           
             out
             of
             the
             abundance
             of
             the
             heart
             the
             mouth
             speaketh
             .
          
           And
           therefore
           men
           do
           commonly
           incline
           to
           the
           censorious
           and
           uncharitable
           side
           :
           which
           shews
           humane
           Nature
           to
           be
           strangely
           distorted
           from
           its
           original
           rectitude
           and
           innocency
           .
           The
           Wit
           of
           Man
           doth
           more
           naturally
           vent
           it self
           in
           Satyr
           and
           Censure
           ,
           than
           in
           Praise
           and
           Panegyrick
           .
           When
           men
           set
           themselves
           to
           commend
           ,
           it
           comes
           hardly
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           not
           without
           great
           force
           and
           straining
           ;
           and
           if
           any
           thing
           be
           fitly
           said
           in
           that
           kind
           ,
           it
           doth
           hardly
           relish
           with
           most
           men
           :
           But
           in
           the
           way
           of
           Invective
           ,
           the
           Invention
           of
           men
           is
           a
           plentiful
           and
           never-failing
           Spring
           :
           And
           this
           kind
           of
           Wit
           is
           not
           more
           easie
           than
           it
           is
           acceptable
           :
           It
           is
           greedily
           entertained
           and
           greatly
           applauded
           ,
           and
           every
           man
           is
           glad
           to
           hear
           others
           abused
           ,
           not
           considering
           how
           soon
           it
           may
           come
           to
           his
           own
           turn
           to
           lie
           down
           and
           make
           sport
           for
           others
           .
        
         
           To
           speak
           evil
           of
           others
           ,
           is
           almost
           become
           the
           general
           entertainment
           of
           all
           Companies
           :
           And
           the
           great
           and
           serious
           business
           of
           most
           Meetings
           and
           Visits
           ,
           after
           the
           necessary
           Ceremonies
           and
           Complements
           are
           over
           ,
           is
           to
           sit
           down
           and
           back-bite
           all
           the
           World.
           'T
           is
           the
           Sawce
           of
           Conversation
           ,
           and
           all
           Discourse
           is
           counted
           but
           flat
           and
           dull
           which
           hath
           not
           something
           of
           piquancy
           and
           sharpness
           in
           it
           against
           some
           body
           .
           For
           men
           generally
           love
           rather
           to
           hear
           evil
           of
           others
           than
           good
           ,
           and
           are
           secretly
           pleas'd
           with
           ill
           reports
           ,
           and
           drink
           them
           in
           with
           greediness
           and
           delight
           :
           Though
           at
           the
           same
           time
           they
           have
           so
           much
           Justice
           ,
           as
           to
           hate
           those
           that
           propagate
           them
           ;
           and
           so
           much
           Wit
           ,
           as
           to
           conclude
           that
           these
           very
           persons
           will
           do
           the
           
           same
           for
           them
           in
           another
           Place
           and
           Company
           .
        
         
           But
           especially
           ,
           if
           it
           concerns
           one
           of
           another
           Party
           ,
           and
           that
           differs
           from
           us
           in
           matters
           of
           Religion
           ;
           in
           this
           Case
           ,
           all
           Parties
           seem
           to
           be
           agreed
           that
           they
           do
           God
           great
           service
           in
           blasting
           the
           Reputation
           of
           their
           Adversaries
           :
           And
           tho
           they
           all
           pretend
           to
           be
           Christiams
           ,
           and
           the
           Disciples
           of
           Him
           who
           taught
           nothing
           but
           kindness
           and
           meekness
           and
           charity
           ;
           yet
           it
           is
           strange
           to
           see
           with
           what
           a
           salvage
           and
           murderous
           disposition
           they
           will
           flie
           at
           one
           another's
           Reputation
           and
           tear
           it
           in
           pieces
           :
           And
           what-ever
           other
           Scruples
           they
           may
           have
           ,
           they
           make
           none
           to
           bespatter
           one
           another
           in
           the
           most
           bitter
           and
           slanderous
           manner
           .
        
         
           But
           if
           they
           hear
           any
           good
           of
           their
           Adversaries
           ,
           with
           what
           nicety
           and
           caution
           do
           they
           receive
           it
           ?
           how
           many
           objections
           do
           they
           raise
           against
           it
           ?
           and
           with
           what
           coldness
           do
           they
           at
           last
           admit
           it
           ?
           
             It
             is
             very
             well
          
           ,
           say
           they
           ,
           
             if
             it
             be
             true
             :
             I
             shall
             be
             glad
             to
             hear
             it
             confirm'd
             .
             I
             never
             heard
             so
             much
             good
             of
             him
             before
             .
             You
             are
             a
             good
             man
             your self
             ,
             but
             have
             a
             care
             you
             be
             not
             deceived
             .
          
        
         
           Nay
           it
           is
           well
           ,
           if
           to
           balance
           the
           matter
           ,
           and
           set
           things
           even
           ,
           they
           do
           not
           clap
           some
           infirmity
           and
           fault
           into
           the
           other
           Scale
           ,
           that
           so
           the
           Enemy
           may
           not
           go
           off
           with
           flying
           Colours
           .
        
         
           But
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           every
           man
           is
           a
           good
           and
           substantial
           Author
           of
           an
           ill
           Report
           .
           I
           do
           not
           apply
           this
           to
           any
           one
           sort
           of
           men
           ,
           though
           all
           are
           to
           blame
           in
           this
           way
           ;
           
             Iliacos
             intra
             muros
             peccatur
             ,
             &
             extra
             .
          
           To
           speak
           impartially
           ,
           the
           Zealots
           of
           all
           Parties
           have
           got
           a
           
             scurvy
             Trick
          
           of
           lying
           for
           the
           Truth
           .
        
         
           But
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           People
           ,
           I
           have
           observed
           the
           Priests
           and
           Bigots
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           Rome
           to
           be
           the
           ablest
           in
           this
           way
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           the
           strongest
           Faith
           for
           a
           lusty
           Falshood
           and
           Calumny
           .
           Others
           will
           
           bandy
           a
           false
           Report
           ,
           and
           toss
           it
           from
           one
           hand
           to
           another
           ;
           but
           I
           never
           knew
           any
           that
           would
           so
           hug
           a
           Lye
           and
           be
           so
           very
           fond
           of
           it
           .
           They
           seem
           to
           be
           described
           by
           St.
           John
           in
           that
           expression
           in
           the
           Revelation
           ,
           
             Whosoever
             loveth
             and
             maketh
             a
             lye
             .
          
        
         
           Another
           shrewd
           sign
           that
           ill-nature
           lies
           at
           the
           root
           of
           this
           Vice
           is
           ,
           that
           we
           easily
           forget
           the
           good
           that
           is
           said
           of
           others
           ,
           and
           seldom
           make
           mention
           of
           it
           ;
           but
           the
           contrary
           sticks
           with
           us
           ,
           and
           lies
           uppermost
           in
           our
           memories
           ,
           and
           is
           ready
           to
           come
           out
           upon
           all
           occasions
           :
           And
           which
           is
           yet
           more
           ill-natur'd
           and
           unjust
           ,
           many
           times
           when
           we
           do
           not
           believe
           it
           our selves
           we
           tell
           it
           to
           others
           ,
           with
           this
           charitable
           Caution
           ,
           
             That
             we
             hope
             it
             is
             not
             true
             .
          
           But
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           we
           give
           it
           our
           Pass
           ,
           and
           venture
           it
           to
           take
           its
           fortune
           to
           be
           believed
           or
           not
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           charity
           of
           those
           into
           whose
           hands
           it
           comes
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           Another
           Cause
           of
           the
           commonness
           of
           this
           Vice
           is
           ,
           that
           many
           are
           so
           bad
           themselves
           ,
           in
           one
           kind
           or
           other
           .
           For
           to
           think
           and
           speak
           ill
           of
           others
           is
           not
           only
           a
           bad
           thing
           ,
           but
           a
           sign
           of
           a
           bad
           man.
           Our
           
             Blessed
             Saviour
          
           ,
           speaking
           of
           the
           evil
           of
           the
           
             last
             days
          
           ,
           gives
           this
           as
           the
           reason
           of
           the
           great
           decay
           of
           Charity
           among
           men
           ;
           
             Because
             iniquity
             shall
             abound
             ,
             the
             Love
             of
             many
             shall
             wax
             cold
             ,
             Matth.
          
           24.
           12.
           
           When
           men
           are
           bad
           themselves
           ,
           they
           are
           glad
           of
           any
           opportunity
           to
           censure
           others
           ,
           and
           are
           always
           apt
           to
           suspect
           that
           evil
           of
           other
           men
           which
           they
           know
           by
           themselves
           .
           They
           cannot
           have
           a
           good
           opinion
           of
           themselves
           ,
           and
           therefore
           are
           very
           unwilling
           to
           have
           so
           of
           any
           body
           else
           ;
           and
           for
           this
           reason
           they
           endeavour
           to
           bring
           men
           to
           a
           level
           ,
           hoping
           it
           will
           be
           some
           justification
           of
           them
           if
           they
           can
           but
           render
           others
           as
           bad
           as
           themselves
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           Another
           source
           of
           this
           Vice
           is
           Malice
           
           and
           Revenge
           .
           When
           men
           are
           in
           Heat
           and
           Passion
           they
           do
           not
           consider
           what
           is
           true
           ,
           but
           what
           is
           spiteful
           and
           mischievous
           ;
           and
           speak
           evil
           of
           others
           in
           revenge
           of
           some
           injury
           which
           they
           have
           received
           from
           them
           :
           And
           when
           they
           are
           blinded
           by
           their
           Passions
           ,
           they
           lay
           about
           them
           madly
           and
           at
           a
           venture
           ,
           not
           much
           caring
           whether
           the
           evil
           they
           speak
           be
           true
           or
           not
           .
           Nay
           many
           are
           so
           Devilish
           ,
           as
           to
           invent
           and
           raise
           false
           Reports
           on
           purpose
           to
           blast
           mens
           Reputation
           .
           This
           is
           a
           Diabolical
           temper
           ,
           and
           therefore
           St.
           James
           tells
           us
           that
           the
           slanderous
           
             Tongue
             is
             set
             on
             fire
             of
             Hell
             :
          
           And
           the
           Devil
           hath
           his
           very
           Name
           from
           Calumny
           and
           false
           Accusation
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           his
           Nature
           too
           ,
           for
           he
           is
           always
           ready
           to
           stir
           up
           and
           foment
           this
           evil
           spirit
           among
           men
           :
           Nay
           ,
           the
           Scripture
           tells
           us
           that
           he
           hath
           the
           malice
           and
           impudence
           to
           accuse
           good
           men
           before
           God
           ;
           as
           he
           did
           Job
           ,
           charging
           him
           with
           Hypocrisie
           to
           God
           himself
           ;
           Who
           ,
           he
           knows
           ,
           
             does
             know
             the
             hearts
             of
             all
             the
             children
             of
             men
             .
          
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           Another
           Cause
           of
           evil-speaking
           is
           Envy
           .
           Men
           look
           with
           an
           evil
           eye
           upon
           the
           good
           that
           is
           in
           others
           ,
           and
           think
           that
           their
           Reputation
           obscures
           them
           ,
           and
           that
           their
           commendable
           qualities
           do
           stand
           in
           their
           light
           ;
           and
           therefore
           they
           do
           what
           they
           can
           to
           cast
           a
           cloud
           over
           them
           ,
           that
           the
           bright
           shining
           of
           their
           Vertues
           may
           not
           scorch
           them
           .
           This
           makes
           them
           greedily
           to
           entertain
           ,
           and
           industriously
           to
           publish
           any
           thing
           that
           may
           serve
           to
           that
           purpose
           ,
           thereby
           to
           raise
           themselves
           upon
           the
           Ruins
           of
           other
           men's
           Reputation
           :
           And
           therefore
           as
           soon
           as
           they
           have
           got
           an
           ill
           Report
           of
           any
           good
           man
           by
           the
           end
           ,
           to
           work
           they
           presently
           go
           to
           send
           it
           abroad
           by
           the
           first
           Post
           :
           For
           the
           string
           is
           always
           ready
           upon
           their
           Bow
           to
           let
           fly
           this
           Arrow
           with
           an
           incredible
           swiftness
           ,
           through
           City
           and
           Country
           ;
           for
           fear
           the
           innocent
           man's
           justification
           should
           over-take
           it
           .
        
         
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           Another
           Cause
           of
           evil-speaking
           is
           Impertinence
           and
           Curiosity
           ;
           an
           itch
           of
           talking
           and
           medling
           in
           the
           affairs
           of
           other
           Men
           ,
           which
           do
           nowise
           concern
           them
           .
           Some
           persons
           love
           to
           mingle
           themselves
           in
           all
           business
           ,
           and
           are
           loth
           to
           seem
           ignorannt
           of
           so
           important
           a
           piece
           of
           News
           as
           the
           faults
           and
           ●●●ies
           of
           men
           ,
           or
           any
           bad
           thing
           that
           is
           talk'd
           of
           〈◊〉
           good
           Company
           .
           And
           therefore
           they
           do
           with
           great
           care
           pick
           up
           ill
           Stories
           ,
           as
           good
           matter
           of
           discourse
           in
           the
           next
           Company
           that
           is
           worthy
           of
           them
           :
           And
           this
           perhaps
           not
           out
           of
           any
           great
           malice
           ,
           but
           for
           want
           of
           something
           better
           to
           talk
           of
           ,
           and
           because
           their
           Parts
           lie
           chiefly
           that
           way
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           Men
           do
           this
           many
           times
           out
           of
           wantonness
           and
           for
           diversion
           .
           So
           little
           do
           light
           and
           vain
           men
           consider
           ,
           that
           a
           man's
           Reputation
           is
           too
           great
           and
           tender
           a
           Concernment
           to
           be
           jested
           withal
           ;
           and
           that
           a
           slanderous
           Tongue
           
             bites
             like
             a
             Serpent
          
           ,
           and
           
             wounds
             like
             a
             Sword.
          
           For
           what
           can
           be
           more
           barbarous
           ,
           next
           to
           sporting
           with
           a
           man's
           Life
           ,
           than
           to
           play
           with
           his
           Honour
           and
           Reputation
           ,
           which
           to
           some
           men
           is
           dearer
           to
           them
           than
           their
           Lives
           ?
        
         
           It
           is
           a
           cruel
           pleasure
           which
           some
           men
           take
           in
           worrying
           the
           Reputation
           of
           others
           much
           better
           than
           themselves
           ;
           and
           this
           only
           to
           divert
           themselves
           and
           the
           Company
           .
           Solomon
           compares
           this
           sort
           of
           men
           to
           distracted
           persons
           ;
           
             As
             a
             mad
             man
          
           ,
           saith
           he
           ,
           
             who
             casteth
             fire-brands
             ,
             arrows
             ,
             and
             death
             ,
             so
             is
             the
             man
             that
             deceiveth
             his
             neighbour
          
           ;
           the
           LXX
           .
           render
           it
           ,
           
             So
             is
             the
             man
             that
             defameth
             his
             neighbour
             ,
             and
             saith
             ,
             Am
             I
             not
             in
             sport
             ?
          
           Such
           ,
           and
           so
           bad
           are
           the
           Causes
           of
           this
           Vice.
           I
           proceed
           to
           consider
           ,
           in
           the
        
         
           Second
           place
           ,
           the
           ordinary
           ,
           but
           very
           pernicious
           Consequences
           and
           Effects
           of
           it
           ;
           both
           to
           Others
           ,
           and
           to
           our Selves
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           To
           Others
           ;
           the
           Parties
           I
           mean
           that
           are
           slandered
           .
           To
           them
           it
           is
           certainly
           a
           great
           injury
           ;
           
           and
           commonly
           a
           high
           Provocation
           ,
           but
           always
           matter
           of
           no
           small
           grief
           and
           trouble
           to
           them
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           certainly
           a
           great
           injury
           ,
           and
           if
           the
           evil
           which
           we
           say
           of
           them
           be
           not
           true
           ,
           it
           is
           an
           injury
           beyond
           imagination
           ,
           and
           beyond
           all
           possible
           reparation
           .
           And
           though
           we
           should
           do
           our
           utmost
           endeavour
           afterwards
           towards
           their
           Vindication
           ,
           yet
           that
           makes
           but
           very
           little
           amends
           ;
           because
           the
           Vindication
           seldom
           reacheth
           so
           far
           as
           the
           Reproach
           ,
           and
           because
           commonly
           men
           are
           neither
           so
           forward
           to
           spread
           the
           Vindication
           ,
           nor
           is
           it
           so
           easily
           received
           after
           ill
           impressions
           are
           once
           made
           .
           The
           solicitous
           Vindication
           of
           a
           man's
           self
           is
           ,
           at
           the
           best
           ,
           but
           an
           after-game
           ;
           and
           for
           the
           most
           part
           a
           man
           had
           better
           sit
           still
           ,
           than
           to
           run
           the
           hazard
           of
           making
           the
           matter
           worse
           by
           playing
           it
           .
        
         
           I
           will
           add
           one
           thing
           more
           ,
           That
           it
           is
           an
           Injury
           that
           descends
           to
           a
           man's
           Children
           and
           Posterity
           ;
           because
           the
           good
           or
           ill
           Name
           of
           the
           Father
           is
           derived
           down
           to
           them
           ;
           and
           many
           times
           the
           best
           thing
           he
           hath
           to
           leave
           them
           is
           the
           Reputation
           of
           his
           unblemish'd
           Virtue
           and
           Worth
           :
           And
           do
           we
           make
           no
           Conscience
           to
           rob
           his
           innocent
           Children
           of
           the
           best
           part
           of
           this
           small
           Patrimony
           ,
           and
           of
           all
           the
           kindness
           that
           would
           have
           been
           done
           them
           for
           their
           Father's
           sake
           ,
           if
           his
           Reputation
           had
           not
           been
           so
           undeservedly
           stain'd
           ?
           Is
           it
           no
           Crime
           by
           the
           breath
           of
           our
           mouth
           at
           once
           to
           blast
           a
           man's
           Reputation
           ,
           and
           to
           ruin
           his
           Children
           ,
           perhaps
           to
           all
           Posterity
           ?
           Can
           we
           make
           a
           jest
           of
           so
           serious
           a
           matter
           ?
           Of
           an
           Injury
           so
           very
           hard
           to
           be
           repented
           of
           as
           it
           ought
           ,
           because
           in
           such
           a
           Case
           no
           Repentance
           will
           be
           acceptable
           without
           Restitution
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           in
           our
           power
           .
           And
           perhaps
           it
           will
           undo
           us
           in
           this
           World
           to
           make
           it
           ;
           and
           if
           we
           do
           it
           not
           ,
           will
           be
           our
           Ruin
           in
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           I
           will
           put
           the
           Case
           at
           the
           best
           ,
           that
           the
           matter
           of
           the
           Slander
           is
           true
           ;
           yet
           no
           man's
           Reputation
           is
           considerably
           stained
           ,
           tho
           never
           so
           deservedly
           ,
           without
           
           great
           harm
           and
           damage
           to
           him
           .
           And
           it
           is
           great
           odds
           but
           the
           matter
           by
           passing
           through
           several
           hands
           is
           aggravated
           beyond
           truth
           ,
           every
           one
           out
           of
           his
           bounty
           being
           apt
           to
           add
           something
           to
           it
           .
        
         
           But
           ,
           besides
           the
           Injury
           ,
           it
           is
           commonly
           a
           very
           high
           Provocation
           .
           And
           the
           consequence
           of
           that
           may
           be
           as
           bad
           as
           we
           can
           imagine
           ,
           and
           may
           end
           in
           dangerous
           and
           desperate
           Quarrels
           .
           This
           reason
           the
           wise
           Son
           of
           Sirach
           gives
           why
           we
           should
           defame
           no
           man
           :
           
             Whether
             it
             be
          
           ,
           says
           he
           ,
           
             to
             a
             friend
             or
             to
             a
             foe
             ,
             talk
             not
             of
             other
             mens
             lives
             .
             For
             he
             hath
             heard
             and
             observed
             thee
             ,
             Ecclus.
          
           19.
           8
           ,
           9.
           that
           is
           ,
           one
           way
           or
           other
           it
           will
           probably
           come
           to
           his
           knowledge
           ,
           
             and
             when
             the
             time
             cometh
             he
             will
             shew
             his
             hatred
          
           ;
           that
           is
           ,
           he
           will
           take
           the
           first
           opportunity
           to
           revenge
           it
           .
        
         
           At
           the
           best
           ,
           it
           is
           always
           matter
           of
           Grief
           to
           the
           person
           that
           is
           defam'd
           :
           And
           Christianity
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           
             best-natur'd
             Institution
          
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           forbids
           us
           the
           doing
           of
           those
           things
           whereby
           we
           may
           
             grieve
             one
             another
          
           .
           A
           man's
           good
           name
           is
           a
           tender
           thing
           ,
           and
           a
           wound
           there
           sinks
           deep
           into
           the
           spirit
           even
           of
           a
           wise
           and
           good
           man
           :
           And
           the
           more
           innocent
           any
           man
           is
           in
           this
           kind
           ,
           the
           more
           sensible
           is
           he
           of
           this
           hard
           usage
           ;
           because
           he
           never
           treats
           others
           so
           ,
           nor
           is
           he
           conscious
           to
           himself
           that
           he
           hath
           deserved
           it
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           The
           Consequences
           of
           this
           Vice
           are
           as
           bad
           or
           worse
           to
           our selves
           .
           Whoever
           is
           wont
           to
           speak
           evil
           of
           others
           ,
           gives
           a
           bad
           character
           of
           himself
           ,
           even
           to
           those
           whom
           he
           desires
           to
           please
           ;
           who
           ,
           if
           they
           be
           wise
           enough
           ,
           will
           conclude
           that
           he
           speaks
           of
           them
           to
           others
           ,
           as
           he
           does
           of
           others
           to
           them
           :
           And
           were
           it
           not
           for
           that
           fond
           partiality
           which
           men
           have
           for
           themselves
           ,
           no
           man
           could
           be
           so
           blind
           as
           not
           to
           see
           this
           .
        
         
           And
           it
           is
           very
           well
           worthy
           of
           our
           consideration
           ,
           which
           our
           Saviour
           says
           in
           this
           very
           Case
           ,
           That
           
             with
             what
             measure
             we
             meet
             to
             others
             ,
             it
             shall
             be
             measured
             to
             us
             again
          
           ;
           Matth.
           7.
           and
           that
           many
           times
           
             heaped
             up
          
           ;
           and
           
             running
             over
             ▪
          
           For
           there
           is
           hardly
           any
           thing
           wherein
           
           Mankind
           do
           use
           more
           strict
           justice
           and
           equality
           ,
           than
           
             in
             rendering
             evil
             for
             evil
             ,
             and
             railing
             for
             railing
             .
          
        
         
           Nay
           ,
           Revenge
           often
           goes
           further
           than
           Words
           .
           A
           reproachful
           and
           slanderous
           Speech
           hath
           cost
           many
           a
           man
           a
           Duel
           ,
           and
           in
           that
           the
           loss
           of
           his
           own
           Life
           ,
           or
           the
           Murther
           of
           another
           ,
           perhaps
           with
           the
           loss
           of
           his
           own
           Soul
           :
           And
           I
           have
           often
           wonder'd
           that
           among
           Christians
           this
           matter
           is
           no
           more
           laid
           to
           heart
           .
        
         
           And
           tho
           neither
           of
           these
           great
           mischiefs
           should
           happen
           to
           us
           ,
           yet
           this
           may
           be
           inconvenient
           enough
           many
           other
           ways
           .
           For
           no
           man
           knows
           in
           the
           chance
           of
           things
           ,
           and
           the
           mutability
           of
           humane
           affairs
           ,
           whose
           kindness
           and
           good-will
           he
           may
           come
           to
           stand
           in
           need
           of
           before
           he
           dies
           .
           So
           that
           did
           a
           man
           only
           consult
           his
           own
           safety
           and
           quiet
           ,
           he
           ought
           to
           refrain
           from
           
             evil-speaking
             .
             What
             man
             is
             he
             ,
          
           saith
           the
           
             Psalmist
             ,
             that
             desireth
             life
             ,
             and
             loveth
             many
             days
             ,
             that
             he
             may
             see
             good
             :
             Keep
             thy
             tongue
             from
             evil
             ,
             and
             thy
             lips
             from
             speaking
             falshood
             ,
          
           Psal.
           34.
           12
           ,
           13.
           
        
         
           
             But
             there
             is
             an
             infinitely
             greater
             Danger
             hanging
             over
             us
             from
             God.
             If
             we
             allow
             our selves
             in
             this
             evil
             practice
             ,
             all
             our
             Religion
             is
             good
             for
             nothing
             .
             So
             St.
          
           James
           
             expresly
             tells
             us
          
           ,
           If
           any
           man
           among
           you
           seemeth
           to
           be
           religious
           ,
           and
           bridleth
           not
           his
           tongue
           ,
           but
           deceiveth
           his
           own
           heart
           ,
           that
           man's
           Religion
           is
           vain
           ,
           
             Jam.
             1.
             26.
             
             And
             St.
          
           Paul
           puts
           Slanderers
           and
           Revilers
           
             amongst
             those
             that
          
           shall
           not
           inherit
           the
           kingdom
           of
           God.
           
             And
             our
          
           Blessed
           Saviour
           
             hath
             told
             us
             ,
             That
          
           by
           our
           words
           we
           shall
           be
           justified
           ,
           and
           by
           our
           words
           we
           shall
           be
           condemned
           ,
           1
           Cor.
           6.
           10.
           
           
             To
             which
             I
             will
             add
             the
             counsel
             given
             us
             by
             the
          
           Wise-man
           ,
           Refrain
           your
           tongue
           from
           backbiting
           ,
           for
           there
           is
           no
           word
           so
           secret
           that
           shall
           go
           for
           nought
           ,
           and
           the
           mouth
           that
           slandereth
           slayeth
           the
           Soul
           ,
           
             Wisdom
             of
             Solomon
          
           ,
           c.
           1.
           v.
           11.
           
           
             I
             proceed
             in
             the
          
        
         
           
             IVth
             place
             ,
             to
             add
          
           some
           further
           Arguments
           and
           Considerations
           to
           take
           men
           off
           from
           this
           Vice
           :
           As
           ,
        
         
           First
           ,
           That
           the
           use
           of
           Speech
           is
           a
           peculiar
           Prerogative
           of
           Man
           above
           other
           Creatures
           ,
           and
           bestowed
           upon
           
           him
           for
           some
           excellent
           end
           and
           purpose
           :
           That
           by
           this
           Faculty
           we
           might
           communicate
           our
           thoughts
           more
           easily
           to
           one
           another
           ,
           and
           consult
           together
           for
           our
           mutual
           comfort
           and
           benefit
           :
           Not
           to
           enable
           us
           to
           be
           hurtful
           and
           injurious
           ,
           but
           helpful
           and
           beneficial
           to
           one
           another
           .
           The
           Psalmist
           ,
           as
           by
           Interpreters
           is
           generally
           thought
           ,
           calls
           our
           Tongue
           our
           Glory
           ;
           therewith
           we
           
             praise
             God
          
           and
           
             bless
             Men.
          
           Now
           to
           bless
           is
           to
           speak
           well
           of
           any
           ,
           and
           to
           wish
           them
           well
           .
           So
           that
           we
           pervert
           the
           use
           of
           Speech
           and
           turn
           our
           glory
           into
           shame
           ,
           when
           we
           abuse
           this
           Faculty
           to
           the
           injury
           and
           reproach
           of
           any
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           Consider
           how
           cheap
           a
           kindness
           it
           is
           to
           speak
           well
           ,
           at
           least
           not
           to
           speak
           ill
           of
           any
           .
           A
           good
           word
           is
           an
           easie
           obligation
           ,
           but
           not
           to
           speak
           ill
           requires
           only
           our
           Silence
           ,
           which
           costs
           us
           nothing
           .
           Some
           instances
           of
           Charity
           are
           chargeable
           ,
           as
           to
           relieve
           the
           wants
           and
           necessities
           of
           others
           :
           The
           expence
           deterrs
           many
           from
           this
           kind
           of
           Charity
           .
           But
           were
           a
           man
           never
           so
           covetous
           ,
           he
           might
           afford
           another
           man
           his
           good
           word
           ;
           at
           least
           he
           might
           refrain
           from
           speaking
           ill
           of
           him
           :
           especially
           if
           it
           be
           consider'd
           how
           dear
           many
           have
           paid
           for
           a
           slanderous
           and
           reproachful
           word
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           Consider
           that
           no
           quality
           doth
           ordinarily
           recommend
           one
           more
           to
           the
           favour
           and
           good-will
           of
           men
           ,
           than
           to
           be
           free
           from
           this
           Vice.
           Every
           one
           desires
           such
           a
           man's
           friendship
           ,
           and
           is
           apt
           to
           repose
           a
           great
           trust
           and
           confidence
           in
           him
           :
           And
           when
           he
           is
           dead
           ,
           men
           will
           praise
           him
           ;
           and
           next
           to
           Piety
           towards
           God
           ,
           and
           Righteousness
           to
           Men
           ,
           nothing
           is
           thought
           a
           more
           significant
           commendation
           ,
           than
           that
           he
           was
           never
           ,
           or
           very
           rarely
           heard
           to
           speak
           ill
           of
           any
           .
           It
           was
           a
           singular
           Character
           of
           a
           
             Roman
             Gentleman
             ,
             Nescivit
             quid
             esset
             maledicere
             ,
             he
             knew
             not
             what
             it
             was
             to
             give
             any
             man
             an
             ill
             word
             .
          
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           Let
           every
           man
           lay
           his
           hand
           upon
           his
           heart
           ,
           and
           consider
           how
           himself
           is
           apt
           to
           be
           affected
           with
           this
           usage
           .
           Speak
           thy
           Conscience
           Man
           ,
           and
           say
           whether
           ,
           as
           bad
           as
           thou
           art
           ,
           thou
           wouldst
           
           not
           be
           glad
           to
           have
           every
           man's
           ,
           especially
           every
           good
           man's
           good
           word
           ?
           And
           to
           have
           thy
           faults
           concenal'd
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           be
           hardly
           spoken
           of
           ,
           though
           it
           may
           be
           not
           altogether
           without
           truth
           ,
           by
           those
           whom
           thou
           didst
           never
           offend
           by
           word
           or
           deed
           ?
           But
           with
           what
           face
           or
           reason
           dost
           thou
           expect
           this
           from
           others
           ,
           to
           whom
           thy
           carriage
           hath
           been
           so
           contrary
           ?
           Nothing
           surely
           is
           more
           equal
           and
           reasonable
           than
           that
           known
           
             Rule
             ,
             What
             thou
             wouldst
             have
             no
             man
             do
             to
             thee
             ,
             that
             do
             thou
             to
             no
             man.
             
          
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           When
           you
           are
           going
           to
           speak
           reproachfully
           of
           others
           ,
           consider
           whether
           you
           do
           not
           lie
           open
           to
           just
           reproach
           in
           the
           same
           ,
           or
           some
           other
           kind
           .
           Therefore
           give
           no
           Occasion
           ,
           no
           Example
           of
           this
           barbarous
           usage
           of
           one
           another
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           very
           few
           so
           innocent
           and
           free
           either
           from
           infirmities
           or
           greater
           faults
           ,
           as
           not
           to
           be
           obnoxious
           to
           reproach
           upon
           one
           account
           or
           other
           ;
           even
           the
           wisest
           ,
           and
           most
           virtuous
           ,
           and
           most
           perfect
           among
           men
           have
           some
           little
           vanity
           ,
           or
           affectation
           ,
           which
           lays
           them
           open
           to
           the
           railery
           of
           a
           mimical
           and
           malicious
           Wit
           :
           Therefore
           we
           should
           often
           turn
           our
           thoughts
           upon
           our selves
           ,
           and
           look
           into
           that
           part
           of
           the
           Wallet
           which
           men
           commonly
           fling
           over
           their
           shoulders
           and
           keep
           behind
           them
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           not
           see
           their
           own
           Faults
           :
           And
           when
           we
           have
           searched
           that
           well
           ,
           let
           us
           remember
           our
           
             Saviour's
             Rule
             ,
             He
             that
             is
             without
             sin
             ,
             let
             him
             cast
             the
             first
             stone
             .
          
        
         
           Lastly
           consider
           ,
           That
           it
           is
           in
           many
           Cases
           as
           great
           a
           Charity
           to
           conceal
           the
           evil
           you
           hear
           and
           know
           of
           others
           ,
           as
           if
           you
           relieved
           them
           in
           a
           great
           necessity
           .
           And
           we
           think
           him
           a
           hard-hearted
           man
           that
           will
           not
           bestow
           a
           small
           Alms
           upon
           one
           in
           great
           want
           .
           It
           is
           an
           excellent
           Advice
           which
           the
           Son
           of
           Sirach
           gives
           to
           this
           purpose
           ;
           
             Talk
             not
             of
             other
             men's
             lives
             :
             If
             thou
             hast
             heard
             a
             word
             ,
             let
             it
             die
             with
             thee
             ;
             and
             be
             bold
             it
             will
             not
             burst
             thee
             ,
          
           Ecclus.
           19.
           10.
           
           I
           shall
           in
           the
           Vth.
           and
           last
           place
           ,
           
             give
             some
             Rules
             and
             Directions
             
             for
             the
             prevention
             and
             cure
             of
             this
             great
             evil
             among
             men
             .
          
        
         
           
             First
             ,
             Never
             say
             any
             evil
             of
             any
             man
             ,
             but
             what
             you
             certainly
             know
             .
          
           When
           ever
           you
           positively
           accuse
           and
           endite
           any
           man
           of
           any
           Crime
           ,
           though
           it
           be
           in
           private
           and
           among
           Friends
           ,
           speak
           as
           if
           you
           were
           upon
           your
           Oath
           ,
           because
           God
           sees
           and
           hears
           you
           .
           This
           not
           only
           Charity
           ,
           but
           Justice
           and
           regard
           to
           truth
           do
           demand
           of
           us
           .
           He
           that
           easily
           credits
           an
           ill
           Report
           is
           almost
           as
           faulty
           as
           the
           first
           inventer
           of
           it
           .
           For
           tho
           you
           do
           not
           make
           ,
           yet
           you
           commonly
           propagate
           a
           Lye.
           Therefore
           never
           speak
           evil
           of
           any
           upon
           
             common
             Fame
          
           ,
           which
           for
           the
           most
           part
           is
           false
           ,
           but
           almost
           always
           uncertain
           whether
           it
           be
           true
           or
           not
           .
        
         
           Not
           but
           that
           it
           is
           a
           fault
           ,
           in
           most
           Cases
           ,
           to
           report
           the
           evil
           of
           men
           which
           is
           true
           ,
           and
           which
           we
           certainly
           know
           to
           be
           so
           :
           But
           if
           I
           cannot
           prevail
           to
           make
           men
           wholly
           to
           abstain
           from
           this
           fault
           ,
           I
           would
           be
           glad
           to
           compound
           with
           some
           Persons
           ,
           and
           to
           gain
           this
           point
           of
           them
           however
           ;
           because
           it
           would
           retrench
           nine
           parts
           in
           ten
           of
           the
           evil-speaking
           that
           is
           in
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           Before
           you
           speak
           evil
           of
           any
           man
           ,
           consider
           whether
           he
           hath
           not
           obliged
           you
           by
           some
           real
           kindness
           ,
           and
           then
           it
           is
           a
           bad
           return
           to
           speak
           ill
           of
           him
           who
           hath
           done
           us
           good
           .
           Consider
           also
           ,
           whether
           you
           may
           not
           come
           hereafter
           to
           be
           acquainted
           with
           him
           ,
           related
           to
           him
           ,
           or
           obliged
           by
           him
           whom
           you
           have
           thus
           injured
           ?
           And
           how
           will
           you
           then
           be
           ashamed
           when
           you
           reflect
           upon
           it
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           have
           reason
           also
           to
           believe
           that
           he
           to
           whom
           you
           have
           done
           this
           injury
           is
           not
           ignorant
           of
           it
           ?
        
         
           Consider
           likewise
           ,
           whether
           in
           the
           change
           of
           Humane
           affairs
           ,
           you
           may
           not
           some
           time
           or
           other
           come
           to
           stand
           in
           need
           of
           his
           favour
           ;
           and
           how
           incapable
           this
           carriage
           of
           yours
           towards
           him
           will
           render
           you
           of
           it
           ?
           And
           whether
           it
           may
           not
           be
           in
           his
           power
           to
           revenge
           a
           spiteful
           and
           needless
           word
           by
           a
           shrewd
           turn
           ?
           So
           that
           if
           a
           man
           made
           no
           conscience
           of
           hurting
           others
           ,
           yet
           he
           should
           in
           prudence
           have
           some
           consideration
           of
           himself
           .
        
         
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           Let
           us
           accustom
           our selves
           to
           pity
           the
           Faults
           of
           men
           and
           to
           be
           truly
           sorry
           for
           them
           ,
           and
           then
           we
           shall
           take
           no
           pleasure
           in
           publishing
           them
           .
           And
           this
           common
           Humanity
           requires
           of
           us
           ,
           considering
           the
           great
           infirmities
           of
           humane
           Nature
           ,
           and
           that
           we
           our selves
           also
           are
           liable
           to
           be
           tempted
           :
           Considering
           likewise
           ,
           how
           severe
           a
           Punishment
           every
           Fault
           and
           miscarriage
           is
           to
           it self
           ;
           and
           how
           terribly
           it
           exposeth
           a
           man
           to
           the
           wrath
           of
           God
           ,
           both
           in
           this
           World
           and
           the
           other
           .
           He
           is
           not
           a
           good
           Christian
           ,
           that
           is
           not
           heartily
           sorry
           for
           the
           faults
           even
           of
           his
           greatest
           Enemies
           ;
           and
           if
           he
           be
           so
           ,
           he
           will
           discover
           them
           no
           further
           than
           is
           necessary
           to
           some
           good
           end
           .
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           When-ever
           we
           hear
           any
           man
           evil-spoken
           of
           ,
           if
           we
           know
           any
           good
           of
           him
           let
           us
           say
           that
           .
           It
           is
           always
           the
           more
           humane
           and
           the
           more
           honourable
           part
           to
           stand
           up
           in
           the
           defence
           and
           vindication
           of
           others
           ,
           than
           to
           accuse
           and
           bespatter
           them
           .
           Possibly
           the
           good
           you
           heard
           of
           them
           may
           not
           be
           true
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           much
           more
           probable
           that
           the
           evil
           which
           you
           have
           heard
           of
           them
           is
           not
           true
           neither
           :
           However
           ,
           it
           is
           better
           to
           preserve
           the
           credit
           of
           a
           bad
           man
           ,
           than
           to
           stain
           the
           Reputation
           of
           the
           innocent
           .
           And
           if
           there
           were
           any
           need
           that
           a
           man
           should
           be
           evil-spoken
           of
           ,
           it
           is
           but
           fair
           and
           equal
           that
           his
           good
           and
           bad
           Qualities
           should
           be
           mention'd
           together
           ;
           otherwise
           he
           may
           be
           strangely
           misrepresented
           ,
           and
           an
           indifferent
           Man
           may
           be
           made
           a
           Monster
           .
        
         
           They
           that
           will
           observe
           nothing
           in
           a
           Wise
           man
           ,
           but
           his
           over-sights
           and
           follies
           ;
           nothing
           in
           a
           Good
           man
           ,
           but
           his
           failings
           and
           infirmities
           ;
           may
           make
           a
           shift
           to
           render
           a
           very
           wise
           and
           good
           man
           very
           despicable
           .
           If
           one
           should
           heap
           together
           all
           the
           passionate
           Speeches
           all
           the
           froward
           and
           imprudent
           Actions
           of
           the
           best
           Man
           ;
           all
           that
           he
           had
           said
           or
           done
           amiss
           in
           his
           whole
           Life
           ,
           and
           present
           it
           all
           at
           one
           view
           ,
           concealing
           his
           Wisdom
           and
           Vertues
           ;
           the
           Man
           in
           this
           Disguise
           would
           look
           like
           a
           Mad-man
           or
           a
           Fury
           :
           And
           
           yet
           if
           his
           Life
           were
           fairly
           represented
           ,
           and
           just
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           it
           was
           led
           ;
           and
           his
           many
           and
           great
           Virtues
           set
           over-against
           his
           failings
           and
           infirmities
           ,
           he
           would
           appear
           to
           all
           the
           World
           to
           be
           an
           admirable
           and
           excellent
           Person
           .
           But
           how
           many
           and
           great
           soever
           any
           man's
           ill
           Qualities
           are
           ,
           it
           is
           but
           just
           that
           with
           all
           this
           heavy
           load
           of
           Faults
           he
           should
           have
           the
           due
           praise
           of
           the
           few
           real
           Virtues
           that
           are
           in
           him
           .
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           That
           you
           may
           not
           speak
           ill
           of
           any
           ,
           do
           not
           delight
           to
           hear
           ill
           of
           them
           .
           Give
           no
           countenance
           to
           Busy-bodies
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           love
           to
           talk
           of
           other
           mens
           Faults
           :
           Or
           if
           you
           cannot
           decently
           reprove
           them
           because
           of
           their
           Quality
           ,
           then
           divert
           the
           discourse
           some
           other
           way
           ;
           or
           if
           you
           cannot
           do
           that
           ,
           by
           seeming
           not
           to
           mind
           it
           ,
           you
           may
           sufficiently
           signify
           that
           you
           do
           not
           like
           it
           .
        
         
           Sixthly
           ,
           Let
           every
           man
           mind
           himself
           ,
           and
           his
           own
           Duty
           and
           Concernment
           .
           Do
           but
           endeavour
           in
           good
           earnest
           to
           mend
           thy self
           ,
           and
           it
           will
           be
           work
           enough
           for
           one
           Man
           ,
           and
           leave
           thee
           but
           little
           time
           to
           talk
           of
           others
           .
           When
           Plato
           withdrew
           from
           the
           Court
           of
           Dionysius
           ,
           who
           would
           fain
           have
           had
           a
           famous
           Philosopher
           for
           his
           Flatterer
           ,
           they
           parted
           in
           some
           unkindness
           ,
           and
           Dionysius
           bad
           him
           not
           to
           speak
           ill
           of
           him
           when
           he
           was
           return'd
           into
           
             Greece
             ;
             Plato
          
           told
           him
           ,
           
             he
             had
             no
             leisure
             for
             it
          
           ;
           meaning
           that
           he
           had
           better
           things
           to
           mind
           ,
           than
           to
           take
           up
           his
           thoughts
           and
           talk
           with
           the
           faults
           of
           so
           bad
           a
           man
           ,
           so
           notoriously
           known
           to
           all
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           Let
           us
           set
           a
           watch
           before
           the
           door
           of
           our
           lips
           ,
           and
           not
           speak
           but
           upon
           consideration
           :
           I
           do
           not
           mean
           to
           speak
           finely
           ,
           but
           fitly
           .
           Especially
           when
           thou
           speakest
           of
           others
           ,
           consider
           of
           whom
           ,
           and
           what
           thou
           art
           going
           to
           speak
           :
           Use
           great
           Caution
           and
           Circumspection
           in
           this
           matter
           :
           Look
           well
           about
           thee
           ;
           on
           every
           side
           of
           the
           thing
           ,
           and
           on
           every
           Person
           in
           the
           Company
           ,
           before
           thy
           words
           slip
           from
           thee
           ;
           which
           when
           they
           are
           once
           out
           of
           thy
           lips
           ,
           are
           for
           ever
           out
           of
           thy
           power
           .
        
         
         
           Not
           that
           men
           should
           be
           sullen
           in
           company
           ,
           and
           say
           nothing
           ;
           or
           so
           stiff
           in
           conversation
           ,
           as
           to
           drop
           nothing
           but
           Aphorisms
           and
           Oracles
           :
           Especially
           ,
           among
           Equals
           and
           Friends
           ▪
           we
           should
           not
           be
           so
           reserved
           as
           if
           we
           would
           have
           it
           taken
           for
           a
           mighty
           favour
           that
           we
           vouchsafe
           to
           say
           any
           thing
           .
           If
           a
           Man
           had
           the
           understanding
           of
           an
           Angel
           ,
           he
           must
           be
           contented
           to
           abate
           something
           of
           this
           excess
           of
           Wisdom
           ,
           for
           fear
           of
           being
           thought
           Cunning.
           The
           true
           Art
           of
           Conversation
           ,
           if
           any
           body
           can
           hit
           upon
           it
           ,
           seems
           to
           be
           this
           ;
           an
           appearing
           freedom
           and
           openness
           ,
           with
           a
           resolute
           reservedness
           as
           little
           appearing
           as
           is
           possible
           .
        
         
           All
           that
           I
           mean
           by
           this
           Caution
           is
           ,
           that
           we
           should
           consider
           well
           what
           we
           say
           ,
           especially
           of
           others
           .
           And
           to
           this
           end
           we
           should
           endeavour
           to
           get
           our
           minds
           furnished
           with
           matter
           of
           Discourse
           concerning
           things
           useful
           in
           themselves
           ,
           and
           not
           hurtful
           to
           others
           :
           And
           ,
           if
           we
           have
           but
           a
           Mind
           wise
           enough
           ,
           and
           good
           enough
           ,
           we
           may
           easily
           find
           a
           Field
           large
           enough
           for
           innocent
           Conversation
           ;
           such
           as
           will
           harm
           no
           body
           ,
           and
           yet
           be
           acceptable
           enough
           to
           the
           better
           and
           wiser
           part
           of
           Mankind
           :
           And
           why
           should
           any
           one
           be
           at
           the
           cost
           of
           playing
           the
           fool
           to
           gratify
           any
           body
           whatsoever
           ?
        
         
           I
           have
           done
           with
           the
           Five
           things
           I
           propounded
           to
           speak
           to
           upon
           this
           Argument
           .
           But
           because
           hardly
           any
           thing
           can
           be
           so
           clear
           ,
           but
           something
           may
           be
           said
           against
           it
           ;
           nor
           any
           thing
           so
           bad
           ,
           but
           something
           may
           be
           pleaded
           in
           excuse
           for
           it
           :
           I
           shall
           therefore
           take
           notice
           of
           two
           or
           three
           Pleas
           that
           may
           be
           made
           for
           it
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           Some
           pretend
           mighty
           injury
           and
           provocation
           .
           If
           in
           the
           same
           kind
           ,
           it
           seems
           thou
           art
           sensible
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           therefore
           thou
           of
           all
           men
           oughtest
           to
           abstain
           from
           it
           :
           But
           in
           what
           kind
           soever
           it
           be
           ,
           the
           Christian
           Religion
           forbids
           Revenge
           .
           Therefore
           do
           not
           plead
           one
           Sin
           in
           excuse
           of
           another
           ,
           and
           make
           Revenge
           an
           Apology
           for
           Reviling
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           It
           is
           alledged
           by
           others
           ,
           with
           a
           little
           better
           grace
           ,
           that
           if
           this
           Doctrine
           were
           practised
           ,
           Conversation
           
           would
           be
           spoil'd
           ,
           and
           there
           would
           not
           be
           matter
           enough
           for
           pleasant
           discourse
           and
           entertainment
           .
        
         
           I
           answer
           ,
           The
           design
           of
           this
           Discourse
           is
           to
           redress
           a
           great
           evil
           in
           Conversation
           ,
           and
           that
           I
           hope
           which
           mends
           it
           will
           not
           spoil
           it
           .
           And
           however
           ,
           if
           men's
           Tongues
           lay
           a
           little
           more
           still
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           us
           spake
           a
           good
           deal
           less
           than
           we
           do
           ,
           both
           of
           our selves
           and
           others
           ,
           I
           see
           no
           great
           harm
           in
           it
           :
           I
           hope
           we
           might
           for
           all
           that
           live
           comfortably
           and
           in
           good
           health
           ,
           and
           see
           many
           good
           days
           .
           David
           ,
           I
           am
           sure
           ,
           prescribes
           〈◊〉
           as
           an
           excellent
           Receipt
           ,
           in
           his
           Opinion
           ,
           for
           a
           quiet
           ,
           and
           cheerful
           ,
           and
           long
           Life
           ,
           to
           refrain
           from
           evil-speaking
           ;
           Psal.
           34.
           12
           ,
           13.
           
           
             What
             man
             is
             he
             that
             desireth
             life
             ,
             and
             loveth
             many
             days
             that
             he
             may
             see
             good
             ?
             Keep
             thy
             tongue
             from
             evil
             ,
             and
             thy
             lips
             from
             speaking
             falshood
             .
          
        
         
           But
           granting
           that
           there
           is
           some
           pleasure
           in
           Invective
           ,
           I
           hope
           there
           is
           a
           great
           deal
           more
           in
           Innocence
           :
           And
           the
           more
           any
           man
           considers
           this
           ,
           the
           truer
           he
           will
           find
           it
           ;
           and
           whenever
           we
           are
           serious
           ,
           we
           our selves
           cannot
           but
           acknowledge
           it
           .
           When
           a
           man
           examines
           himself
           impartially
           before
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           or
           is
           put
           in
           mind
           upon
           a
           Death-bed
           to
           make
           reparation
           for
           Injuries
           done
           in
           this
           kind
           ,
           he
           will
           then
           certainly
           be
           of
           this
           mind
           and
           wish
           he
           had
           not
           done
           them
           .
           For
           this
           certainly
           is
           one
           necessary
           qualification
           for
           the
           
             Blessed
             Sacrament
          
           ,
           that
           we
           
             be
             in
             love
             and
             charity
             with
             our
             neighbours
          
           ;
           with
           which
           temper
           of
           mind
           this
           quality
           is
           utterly
           inconsistent
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           There
           is
           yet
           a
           more
           specious
           Plea
           than
           either
           of
           the
           former
           ,
           that
           men
           will
           be
           encouraged
           to
           do
           ill
           if
           they
           can
           escape
           the
           tongues
           of
           men
           ;
           as
           they
           would
           do
           ,
           if
           this
           Doctrine
           did
           effectually
           take
           place
           :
           Because
           by
           this
           means
           one
           great
           restraint
           from
           doing
           evil
           would
           be
           taken
           away
           ,
           which
           these
           good
           men
           who
           are
           so
           bent
           upon
           reforming
           the
           World
           ,
           think
           would
           be
           great
           pity
           .
           For
           many
           who
           will
           venture
           upon
           the
           displeasure
           of
           God
           ,
           will
           yet
           abstain
           from
           doing
           bad
           things
           for
           fear
           of
           reproach
           from
           Men
           :
           Besides
           ,
           
           that
           this
           seems
           the
           most
           proper
           punishment
           of
           many
           Faults
           which
           the
           Laws
           of
           Men
           can
           take
           no
           notice
           of
           .
        
         
           Admitting
           all
           this
           to
           be
           true
           ,
           yet
           it
           does
           not
           seem
           so
           good
           and
           laudable
           a
           way
           to
           punish
           one
           Fault
           by
           another
           .
           But
           let
           no
           man
           encourage
           himself
           in
           an
           evil
           way
           with
           this
           hope
           ,
           that
           he
           shall
           escape
           the
           censure
           of
           men
           :
           When
           I
           have
           said
           all
           I
           can
           ,
           there
           will
           ,
           I
           fear
           ,
           be
           evil-speaking
           enough
           in
           the
           World
           to
           chastise
           them
           that
           do
           ill
           :
           And
           tho
           we
           should
           hold
           our
           peace
           ,
           there
           will
           be
           bad
           tongues
           enow
           to
           reproach
           men
           with
           their
           evil-doings
           .
           I
           wish
           we
           could
           but
           be
           persuaded
           to
           make
           the
           Experiment
           for
           a
           little
           while
           ,
           whether
           men
           would
           not
           be
           sufficiently
           lash'd
           for
           their
           Faults
           ,
           tho
           we
           sate
           by
           and
           said
           nothing
           .
        
         
           So
           that
           there
           is
           no
           need
           at
           all
           that
           good
           Men
           should
           be
           concern'd
           in
           this
           odious
           Work.
           There
           will
           always
           be
           Offenders
           and
           Malefactors
           enow
           to
           be
           the
           Executioners
           to
           inflict
           this
           punishment
           upon
           one
           another
           .
           Therefore
           let
           no
           man
           presume
           upon
           Impunity
           on
           the
           one
           hand
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           other
           ,
           let
           no
           man
           despair
           but
           that
           this
           business
           will
           be
           sufficiently
           done
           one
           way
           or
           other
           .
           I
           am
           very
           much
           mistaken
           ,
           if
           we
           may
           not
           safely
           trust
           an
           ill-natur'd
           World
           that
           there
           will
           be
           no
           failure
           of
           Justice
           in
           this
           kind
           .
        
         
           And
           here
           ,
           if
           I
           durst
           ,
           I
           would
           fain
           have
           said
           a
           word
           or
           two
           concerning
           that
           more
           publick
           sort
           of
           Obloquy
           by
           Lampoons
           and
           Libels
           ,
           so
           much
           in
           fashion
           in
           this
           witty
           Age.
           But
           I
           have
           no
           mind
           to
           provoke
           a
           very
           terrible
           sort
           of
           men
           .
           Yet
           thus
           much
           I
           hope
           may
           be
           said
           without
           offence
           ,
           that
           how
           much
           soever
           men
           are
           pleas'd
           to
           see
           others
           abused
           in
           this
           kind
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           always
           grievous
           when
           it
           comes
           to
           their
           own
           turn
           :
           However
           I
           cannot
           but
           hope
           that
           every
           man
           that
           impartially
           considers
           must
           own
           it
           to
           be
           a
           fault
           of
           a
           very
           high
           nature
           to
           revile
           those
           whom
           God
           hath
           placed
           in
           Authority
           over
           us
           ,
           and
           
             to
             slander
             the
             footsteps
             of
             the
             Lord
             's
             Anointed
             :
          
           Especially
           since
           it
           is
           so
           expresly
           written
           ,
           
             Thou
             shalt
             not
             speak
             evil
             of
             the
             Rulers
             of
             thy
             People
             .
          
        
         
         
           Having
           represented
           the
           great
           evil
           of
           this
           Vice
           ,
           it
           might
           not
           now
           be
           improper
           to
           say
           something
           to
           those
           who
           suffer
           by
           it
           .
           Are
           we
           guilty
           of
           the
           evil
           said
           of
           us
           ?
           Let
           us
           reform
           ,
           and
           cut
           off
           all
           occasions
           for
           the
           future
           ;
           and
           so
           turn
           the
           malice
           of
           our
           Enemies
           to
           our
           own
           advantage
           ,
           and
           defeat
           their
           ill
           intentions
           by
           making
           so
           good
           an
           use
           of
           it
           :
           And
           then
           it
           will
           be
           well
           for
           us
           to
           have
           been
           evil
           spoken
           of
           .
        
         
           Are
           we
           innocent
           ?
           We
           may
           so
           much
           the
           better
           bear
           it
           patiently
           ;
           imitating
           herein
           the
           Pattern
           of
           our
           
             Blessed
             Saviour
             ,
             Who
             when
             he
             was
             reviled
             ,
             reviled
             not
             again
             ,
             but
             committed
             himself
             to
             him
             that
             judgeth
             righteously
             .
          
        
         
           We
           may
           consider
           likewise
           ,
           that
           tho
           it
           be
           a
           misfortune
           to
           be
           evil-spoken
           of
           ,
           it
           is
           their
           fault
           that
           do
           it
           ,
           and
           not
           ours
           ;
           and
           therefore
           should
           not
           put
           us
           into
           Passion
           ,
           because
           another
           man's
           being
           injurious
           to
           me
           is
           no
           good
           reason
           why
           I
           should
           be
           uneasy
           to
           my self
           .
           We
           should
           not
           revenge
           the
           injuries
           done
           to
           us
           ,
           no
           not
           upon
           them
           that
           do
           them
           ,
           much
           less
           upon
           our selves
           .
           Let
           no
           man's
           Provocation
           make
           thee
           to
           lose
           thy
           Patience
           .
           Be
           not
           such
           a
           fool
           ,
           as
           to
           part
           with
           any
           one
           Virtue
           because
           some
           men
           are
           so
           malicious
           as
           to
           endeavour
           to
           rob
           thee
           of
           the
           Reputation
           of
           all
           the
           rest
           .
           When
           men
           speak
           ill
           of
           thee
           ,
           do
           as
           Plato
           said
           he
           would
           do
           in
           that
           case
           ;
           
             Live
             so
             ,
             as
             that
             no
             body
             may
             believe
             them
             .
          
        
         
           All
           that
           now
           remains
           is
           to
           reflect
           upon
           what
           hath
           been
           said
           ,
           and
           to
           urge
           you
           and
           my self
           to
           do
           accordingly
           .
           For
           all
           is
           nothing
           ,
           if
           we
           do
           not
           practise
           what
           we
           so
           plainly
           see
           to
           be
           our
           Duty
           .
           Many
           are
           so
           taken
           up
           with
           the
           deep
           Points
           and
           Mysteries
           of
           Religion
           ,
           that
           they
           never
           think
           of
           the
           common
           Duties
           and
           Offices
           of
           human
           Life
           .
           But
           Faith
           and
           a
           
             good
             Life
          
           are
           so
           far
           from
           clashing
           with
           one
           another
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Christian
             Religion
          
           hath
           made
           them
           inseparable
           .
           True
           Faith
           is
           necessary
           in
           order
           to
           a
           
             good
             Life
          
           ,
           and
           a
           
             good
             Life
          
           is
           the
           genuine
           product
           of
           a
           
             right
             Belief
          
           ;
           and
           therefore
           the
           one
           never
           ought
           to
           be
           press'd
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           the
           other
           .
        
         
         
           I
           foresee
           what
           will
           be
           said
           ,
           because
           I
           have
           heard
           it
           so
           often
           said
           in
           the
           like
           case
           ;
           that
           there
           is
           
             not
             one
             word
             of
             Jesus
             Christ
             in
             all
             this
             .
          
           No
           more
           is
           there
           in
           the
           Text.
           And
           yet
           I
           hope
           that
           
             Jesus
             Christ
          
           is
           truly
           preach'd
           ,
           whenever
           his
           Will
           and
           Laws
           ,
           and
           the
           Duties
           enjoin'd
           by
           the
           
             Christian
             Religion
          
           are
           inculcated
           upon
           us
           .
        
         
           But
           some
           men
           are
           pleased
           to
           say
           ,
           that
           
             this
             is
             mere
             Morality
          
           :
           I
           answer
           ,
           that
           this
           is
           Scripture-Morality
           and
           Christian-Morality
           ,
           and
           who
           hath
           any
           thing
           to
           say
           against
           that
           ?
           Nay
           ,
           I
           will
           go
           yet
           further
           ,
           that
           no
           man
           ought
           to
           pretend
           to
           believe
           the
           
             Christian
             Religion
          
           ,
           who
           lives
           in
           the
           neglect
           of
           so
           plain
           a
           Duty
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           practice
           of
           a
           Sin
           so
           clearly
           condemn'd
           by
           it
           ,
           as
           this
           of
           evil-speaking
           is
           .
        
         
           But
           because
           
             the
             Word
             of
             God
             is
             quick
             and
             powerful
             ,
             and
             sharper
             than
             a
             two-edged
             Sword
             ,
          
           yea
           sharper
           than
           Calumny
           it self
           ;
           and
           pierceth
           the
           very
           Hearts
           and
           Consciences
           of
           men
           ,
           laying
           us
           open
           to
           our selves
           ,
           and
           convincing
           us
           of
           our
           more
           secret
           as
           well
           as
           our
           more
           visible
           Faults
           ;
           I
           shall
           therefore
           at
           one
           view
           represent
           to
           you
           what
           is
           dispersedly
           said
           concerning
           this
           Sin
           in
           the
           
             Holy
             Word
             of
             God.
          
           
        
         
           And
           I
           have
           purposely
           reserved
           this
           to
           the
           last
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           more
           persuasive
           and
           penetrating
           than
           any
           Humane
           Discourse
           .
           And
           to
           this
           end
           be
           pleas'd
           to
           consider
           in
           what
           company
           the
           
             Holy
             Ghost
          
           doth
           usually
           mention
           this
           Sin.
           There
           is
           scarce
           any
           
             black
             Catalogue
          
           of
           Sins
           in
           the
           Bible
           but
           we
           find
           this
           among
           them
           ;
           in
           the
           company
           of
           the
           very
           worst
           Actions
           and
           most
           irregular
           Passions
           of
           men
           .
           
             Out
             of
             the
             heart
          
           ,
           says
           our
           Saviour
           ,
           Matt.
           15.
           19.
           
             proceed
             evil
             thoughts
             ,
             murders
             ,
             adulteries
             ,
             fornications
             ,
             false
             witness
             ,
             evil
             speakings
             .
          
           And
           the
           Apostle
           ,
           Rom.
           1.
           29.
           ranks
           backbiters
           with
           fornicators
           ,
           and
           murderers
           ,
           and
           
             haters
             of
             God
          
           ;
           and
           with
           those
           of
           whom
           it
           is
           expresly
           said
           ,
           1
           Cor.
           6.
           10.
           that
           
             they
             shall
             not
             inherit
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             God.
             
          
        
         
           And
           when
           he
           enumerates
           the
           Sins
           of
           
             the
             last
             times
          
           ,
           2
           Tim.
           3.
           2
           ,
           3.
           
           Men
           ,
           says
           he
           ,
           
             shall
             be
             lovers
             of
             themselves
             ,
             
             covetous
             ,
             boasters
             ,
             ●evil-speakers
             ,
             without
             natural
             affection
             ,
             perfidious
             ,
             false
             accusers
             ,
          
           &c.
           
           And
           which
           is
           the
           strangest
           of
           all
           ,
           they
           who
           are
           said
           to
           be
           guilty
           of
           these
           great
           Vices
           and
           Enormities
           are
           noted
           by
           the
           Apostle
           to
           be
           great
           pretenders
           to
           Religion
           ;
           for
           so
           it
           follows
           in
           the
           next
           words
           ,
           
             Having
             a
             form
             of
             godliness
             ,
             but
             denying
             the
             power
             thereof
             .
          
           So
           that
           it
           is
           no
           new
           thing
           for
           men
           to
           make
           a
           more
           than
           ordinary
           profession
           of
           Christianity
           ,
           and
           yet
           at
           the
           same
           time
           to
           live
           in
           a
           most
           palpable
           contradiction
           to
           the
           Precepts
           of
           that
           
             Holy
             Religion
          
           :
           As
           if
           any
           pretence
           to
           Mystery
           and
           I
           know
           not
           what
           extraordinary
           attainments
           in
           the
           knowledge
           of
           Christ
           ,
           could
           exempt
           men
           from
           obedience
           to
           his
           Laws
           ,
           and
           set
           them
           above
           the
           Vertues
           of
           a
           good
           Life
           .
        
         
           And
           now
           after
           all
           this
           ,
           do
           we
           hardly
           think
           that
           to
           be
           a
           Sin
           ,
           which
           is
           in
           Scripture
           so
           frequently
           rank'd
           with
           Murther
           and
           Adultery
           and
           the
           
             blackest
             Crimes
          
           ;
           such
           as
           are
           inconsistent
           with
           the
           life
           and
           power
           of
           Religion
           ,
           and
           will
           certainly
           shut
           men
           out
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           God
           ?
           Do
           we
           believe
           the
           Bible
           to
           be
           the
           
             Word
             of
             God
          
           ?
           and
           can
           we
           allow
           our selves
           in
           the
           common
           practice
           of
           a
           Sin
           ,
           than
           which
           there
           is
           hardly
           any
           Fault
           of
           mens
           Lives
           more
           frequently
           mention'd
           ,
           more
           severely
           reprov'd
           ,
           and
           more
           odiously
           branded
           in
           that
           
             Holy
             Book
          
           .
        
         
           
             Consider
             seriously
             these
          
           Texts
           ,
           Psal.
           15.
           1.
           
           Who
           shall
           abide
           in
           thy
           Tabernacle
           ,
           who
           shall
           dwell
           in
           thy
           holy
           Hill
           ?
           He
           that
           backbiteth
           not
           with
           his
           tongue
           ,
           nor
           taketh
           up
           a
           reproach
           against
           his
           neighbour
           .
           
             Have
             ye
             never
             heard
             what
             our
          
           Saviour
           
             says
             ,
             that
          
           of
           every
           idle
           word
           we
           must
           give
           an
           account
           in
           the
           day
           of
           Judgment
           ;
           that
           by
           thy
           words
           thou
           shalt
           be
           justified
           ,
           and
           by
           thy
           words
           thou
           shalt
           be
           condemn'd
           ?
           
             What
             can
             be
             more
             severe
             than
             that
             of
             St.
          
           James
           ?
           If
           any
           man
           among
           you
           seemeth
           to
           be
           religious
           ,
           and
           bridleth
           not
           his
           tongue
           ,
           that
           man's
           Religion
           is
           vain
           .
        
         
           To
           conclude
           :
           The
           Sin
           which
           I
           have
           now
           warned
           men
           against
           ,
           is
           plainly
           condemn'd
           by
           the
           
             Word
             of
             
             God
          
           ;
           and
           the
           Duty
           which
           I
           have
           now
           been
           persuading
           you
           to
           ,
           is
           easy
           for
           every
           man
           to
           understand
           ,
           not
           hard
           for
           any
           man
           ,
           that
           can
           but
           resolve
           to
           keep
           a
           good
           guard
           upon
           himself
           for
           some
           time
           ,
           by
           the
           grace
           of
           God
           to
           practice
           ;
           and
           most
           reasonable
           for
           all
           Men
           ,
           but
           especially
           for
           all
           Christians
           ,
           to
           observe
           .
           It
           is
           as
           easy
           as
           a
           
             resolute
             silence
          
           upon
           just
           occasion
           ,
           as
           reasonable
           as
           prudence
           and
           justice
           and
           charity
           ,
           and
           the
           preservation
           of
           peace
           and
           good-will
           among
           men
           ,
           can
           make
           it
           ;
           and
           of
           as
           necessary
           and
           indispensible
           an
           obligation
           ,
           as
           the
           Authority
           of
           God
           can
           render
           any
           thing
           .
        
         
           Upon
           all
           which
           Considerations
           let
           us
           every
           one
           of
           us
           be
           persuaded
           to
           take
           up
           
           David's
           deliberate
           Resolution
           ,
           
             Psal.
             31.
             1.
             
             I
             said
             ,
             I
             will
             take
             heed
             to
             my
             ways
             ,
             that
             I
             offend
             not
             with
             my
             tongue
             .
          
           And
           I
           do
           verily
           believe
           ,
           that
           would
           we
           but
           heartily
           endeavour
           to
           amend
           this
           one
           Fault
           ,
           we
           should
           soon
           be
           better
           Men
           in
           our
           whole
           lives
           :
           I
           mean
           ,
           that
           the
           correcting
           of
           this
           Vice
           ,
           together
           with
           those
           that
           are
           nearly
           allied
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           may
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           and
           almost
           with
           the
           same
           resolution
           and
           care
           be
           corrected
           ,
           would
           make
           us
           Owners
           of
           a
           great
           many
           considerable
           Vertues
           ,
           and
           carry
           us
           on
           a
           good
           way
           towards
           perfection
           ;
           it
           being
           hardly
           to
           be
           imagin'd
           that
           a
           man
           that
           makes
           conscience
           of
           his
           Words
           should
           not
           take
           an
           equal
           or
           a
           greater
           care
           of
           his
           Actions
           .
           And
           this
           I
           take
           to
           be
           both
           the
           true
           meaning
           ,
           and
           the
           true
           reason
           of
           that
           saying
           of
           St.
           James
           ,
           and
           with
           which
           I
           shall
           conclude
           :
           
             If
             any
             man
             offend
             not
             in
             Word
             ,
             the
             same
             is
             a
             perfect
             man.
             
          
        
         
           Now
           the
           God
           of
           peace
           ,
           who
           brought
           again
           from
           the
           dead
           our
           Lord
           Jesus
           Christ
           ,
           the
           great
           Shepherd
           of
           the
           Sheep
           ,
           through
           the
           blood
           of
           the
           everlasting
           Covenant
           ,
           make
           you
           perfect
           in
           every
           good
           word
           and
           work
           ,
           to
           do
           his
           will
           ;
           working
           in
           you
           always
           that
           which
           is
           well-pleasing
           in
           his
           sight
           ,
           through
           Jesus
           Christ
           ;
           
             To
             whom
             be
             glory
             for
             ever
             ,
          
           Amen
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           OF
           A
           HEAVENLY
           CONVERSATION
           .
        
         
           
             PHIL.
             iii.
             20.
             
          
           
             For
             our
             Conversation
             is
             in
             Heaven
             .
          
        
         
           FOR
           the
           understanding
           of
           which
           words
           we
           need
           to
           look
           back
           no
           further
           than
           the
           
             18th
             verse
          
           of
           this
           Chapter
           ,
           where
           the
           Apostle
           with
           great
           vehemency
           and
           passion
           speaks
           of
           some
           among
           the
           Philippians
           ,
           who
           indeed
           profess'd
           Christianity
           but
           yet
           would
           do
           any
           thing
           to
           decline
           suffering
           for
           that
           profession
           ;
           
             there
             are
             many
             that
             walk
             ,
             of
             whom
             I
             have
             told
             you
             often
             ,
             and
             now
             tell
             you
             even
             weeping
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             enemies
             to
             the
             Cross
             of
             Christ
          
           ;
           they
           cannot
           endure
           to
           suffer
           with
           him
           and
           for
           him
           ,
           they
           are
           so
           sensual
           and
           wedded
           to
           this
           world
           that
           they
           will
           do
           any
           thing
           to
           avoid
           persecution
           ;
           so
           he
           describes
           them
           in
           the
           next
           
             verse
             ,
             whose
             end
             is
             destruction
             ,
             whose
             God
             is
             their
             belly
             ,
             whose
             glory
             is
             in
             their
             shame
             ,
             who
             mind
             earthly
             things
             .
          
           Now
           in
           opposition
           to
           these
           sensual
           and
           earthly-minded
           men
           the
           Apostle
           gives
           us
           the
           character
           of
           the
           true
           Christians
           ,
           they
           are
           such
           as
           mind
           Heaven
           and
           another
           world
           ,
           and
           prefer
           
           the
           hopes
           of
           that
           to
           all
           the
           interests
           of
           this
           life
           ,
           
             our
             conversation
             is
             in
             Heaven
          
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           right
           understanding
           of
           which
           phrase
           be
           pleased
           to
           observe
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           an
           allusion
           to
           a
           City
           or
           Corporation
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           privileges
           and
           manners
           of
           those
           who
           are
           free
           of
           it
           .
           And
           Heaven
           is
           several
           times
           in
           Scripture
           represented
           to
           us
           under
           this
           notion
           of
           a
           City
           ,
           It
           is
           said
           of
           Abraham
           that
           
             he
             looked
             for
             a
             City
             which
             hath
             foundations
             ,
             whose
             builder
             and
             maker
             is
             God
             ,
             Heb.
          
           11.
           10.
           
           It
           is
           called
           likewise
           
             the
             City
             of
             the
             living
             God
             ,
             the
             heavenly
             Jerusalem
             ,
             Heb.
          
           12.
           22.
           
           And
           the
           same
           Apostle
           speaking
           of
           the
           uncertain
           condition
           of
           Christians
           in
           this
           world
           says
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           
             here
             they
             have
             no
             continuing
             City
             ,
             but
             look
             for
             one
             that
             is
             to
             come
             ,
             Heb.
          
           14.
           14.
           
        
         
           Now
           to
           this
           City
           the
           Apostle
           alludes
           here
           in
           the
           Text
           ,
           when
           he
           says
           
             our
             conversation
             is
             in
             Heaven
          
           .
           For
           the
           word
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           which
           is
           rendred
           conversation
           ,
           may
           either
           signifie
           the
           privilege
           of
           Citizens
           ,
           or
           their
           conversation
           and
           manners
           ,
           or
           may
           take
           in
           both
           these
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           first
           sense
           of
           the
           priviledge
           of
           Citizens
           ,
           we
           find
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           a
           word
           of
           near
           affinity
           with
           this
           sometimes
           us'd
           ;
           
             with
             a
             great
             sum
          
           (
           says
           the
           Captain
           to
           
             Paul
             )
             obtained
             I
          
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             this
             freedom
             ,
             Acts
          
           22.
           28.
           
           According
           to
           this
           sense
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           may
           very
           well
           be
           rendred
           ,
           as
           Tertullian
           often
           does
           this
           Text
           ,
           
             municipatus
             noster
             ,
             our
             Citizenship
             is
             in
             Heaven
          
           ;
           an
           allusion
           perhaps
           (
           as
           the
           learned
           Dr.
           Hammond
           observes
           )
           to
           those
           who
           though
           they
           were
           not
           born
           at
           Rome
           ,
           and
           it
           may
           be
           lived
           at
           a
           great
           distance
           from
           it
           ,
           had
           yet
           
             jus
             civitatis
             Romanae
          
           ,
           the
           privilege
           of
           Roman
           Citizens
           .
           In
           like
           manner
           the
           Apostle
           here
           describes
           the
           condition
           of
           Christians
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           we
           are
           born
           here
           in
           this
           world
           and
           live
           in
           
           it
           ,
           but
           we
           belong
           to
           another
           Corporation
           ;
           we
           are
           denizens
           of
           another
           Country
           and
           free
           of
           that
           City
           which
           is
           above
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           other
           sense
           of
           the
           conversation
           of
           Citizens
           we
           find
           the
           verb
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           used
           towards
           the
           beginning
           of
           this
           
             Epistle
             ,
             Let
             your
             conversation
             be
             as
             it
             becometh
             the
             Gospel
             of
             Christ.
          
           And
           why
           may
           not
           the
           word
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           in
           the
           Text
           ,
           Phil.
           1.
           27.
           without
           any
           inconvenience
           include
           both
           these
           ?
           as
           if
           the
           Apostle
           had
           said
           ,
           there
           are
           some
           that
           mind
           earthly
           things
           ,
           and
           are
           so
           addicted
           to
           them
           that
           rather
           than
           part
           with
           them
           they
           will
           forsake
           their
           Religion
           ;
           but
           as
           for
           us
           ,
           we
           consider
           that
           we
           are
           Citizens
           of
           Heaven
           ,
           and
           accordingly
           we
           converse
           and
           demean
           our selves
           in
           this
           world
           as
           those
           that
           are
           free
           of
           another
           City
           and
           do
           belong
           to
           it
           .
        
         
           So
           that
           to
           have
           
             our
             conversation
             in
             heaven
          
           does
           imply
           these
           two
           things
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           The
           serious
           thoughts
           and
           considerations
           of
           Heaven
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           The
           effect
           which
           those
           thoughts
           ought
           to
           have
           upon
           our
           lives
           .
        
         
           These
           two
           things
           take
           up
           the
           meaning
           of
           my
           Text
           ,
           and
           shall
           be
           the
           subject
           of
           the
           following
           discourse
           .
        
         
           I.
           The
           serious
           thoughts
           and
           considerations
           of
           Heaven
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           of
           the
           happy
           and
           glorious
           state
           of
           good
           men
           in
           another
           life
           .
           And
           concerning
           this
           ,
           there
           are
           two
           things
           principally
           which
           offer
           themselves
           to
           our
           consideration
           First
           ,
           The
           happiness
           of
           this
           state
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           The
           way
           and
           means
           whereby
           we
           may
           come
           to
           partake
           of
           this
           happiness
           .
        
         
         
           First
           ,
           We
           will
           consider
           the
           happiness
           of
           this
           state
           .
           But
           what
           ,
           and
           how
           great
           this
           happiness
           is
           ,
           I
           am
           not
           able
           to
           represent
           to
           you
           .
           These
           things
           are
           yet
           in
           a
           great
           measure
           within
           the
           veil
           ,
           and
           it
           does
           not
           now
           fully
           
             appear
             what
             we
             shall
             be
          
           .
           The
           Scriptures
           have
           reveal'd
           so
           much
           in
           general
           concerning
           the
           reality
           and
           unspeakable
           felicities
           of
           this
           state
           as
           may
           satisfie
           us
           for
           the
           present
           ,
           and
           serve
           to
           inflame
           our
           desires
           after
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           quicken
           our
           endeavours
           for
           the
           obtaining
           of
           it
           ;
           as
           namely
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           incomparably
           beyond
           any
           happiness
           of
           this
           world
           ;
           that
           it
           is
           very
           great
           ;
           and
           that
           it
           is
           eternal
           ;
           in
           a
           word
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           far
           above
           any
           thing
           that
           we
           can
           now
           conceive
           or
           imagine
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           It
           is
           incomparably
           beyond
           any
           happiness
           in
           this
           world
           .
           It
           is
           free
           from
           all
           those
           sharp
           and
           bitter
           ingredients
           which
           do
           abate
           and
           allay
           the
           felicities
           of
           this
           life
           .
           All
           the
           enjoyments
           of
           this
           world
           are
           mix'd
           ,
           and
           uncertain
           ,
           and
           unsatisfying
           ;
           nay
           so
           far
           are
           they
           from
           giving
           us
           satisfaction
           ,
           that
           the
           very
           sweetest
           of
           them
           are
           satiating
           and
           cloying
           .
        
         
           None
           of
           the
           comforts
           of
           this
           life
           are
           pure
           and
           unmixt
           .
           There
           is
           something
           of
           vanity
           mingled
           with
           all
           our
           earthly
           enjoyments
           and
           that
           causeth
           
             vexation
             of
             spirit
          
           .
           There
           is
           no
           sensual
           pleasure
           but
           is
           either
           purchas'd
           by
           some
           pain
           ,
           or
           attended
           with
           it
           ,
           or
           ends
           in
           it
           .
           A
           great
           estate
           is
           neither
           to
           be
           got
           without
           care
           ,
           nor
           kept
           without
           fear
           ,
           nor
           lost
           without
           trouble
           .
           Dignity
           and
           greatness
           is
           troublesome
           almost
           to
           all
           mankind
           ,
           it
           is
           commonly
           uneasie
           to
           them
           that
           have
           it
           and
           it
           is
           usually
           hated
           and
           envy'd
           by
           those
           that
           have
           it
           not
           ▪
           Knowledge
           ,
           that
           is
           one
           of
           the
           best
           and
           sweetest
           pleasures
           of
           humane
           life
           ;
           and
           yet
           if
           we
           may
           believe
           the
           experience
           of
           one
           ,
           who
           had
           as
           great
           a
           share
           of
           it
           as
           any
           of
           the
           Sons
           of
           men
           ever
           had
           ,
           he
           will
           tell
           us
           ,
           that
           
             this
             also
             is
             vexation
             of
             spirit
             ;
             for
             
             in
             much
             wisdom
             there
             is
             much
             grief
             ,
             and
             he
             that
             encreaseth
             knowledge
             ,
             encreaseth
             sorrow
             ,
             Eccl.
          
           1.
           17
           ,
           18.
           
        
         
           Thus
           it
           is
           with
           all
           the
           things
           of
           this
           world
           ;
           the
           best
           of
           them
           have
           a
           mixture
           of
           good
           and
           evil
           ,
           of
           joy
           and
           sorrow
           in
           them
           :
           but
           the
           happiness
           of
           the
           next
           life
           is
           free
           from
           allay
           and
           mixture
           .
           In
           the
           description
           of
           the
           
             new
             Jerusalem
          
           it
           is
           said
           ,
           that
           
             there
             shall
             be
             no
             more
             curse
             ,
             and
             there
             shall
             be
             no
             night
             there
             ,
             Rev.
          
           22
           ,
           3
           ,
           5.
           nothing
           to
           imbitter
           our
           blessings
           ,
           or
           obscure
           our
           glory
           .
           Heaven
           is
           the
           proper
           region
           of
           happiness
           ,
           there
           onely
           are
           pure
           joys
           and
           an
           unmingled
           felicity
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           enjoyments
           of
           this
           world
           as
           they
           are
           mix'd
           ,
           so
           they
           are
           uncertain
           .
           So
           wavering
           and
           inconstant
           are
           they
           that
           we
           can
           have
           no
           security
           of
           them
           ,
           when
           we
           think
           our selves
           to
           have
           the
           fastest
           hold
           of
           them
           they
           slip
           out
           of
           our
           hands
           we
           know
           not
           how
           .
           For
           this
           reason
           Solomon
           very
           elegantly
           calls
           them
           things
           
             that
             are
             not
             ,
             Why
             wilt
             thou
             set
             thine
             eyes
             upon
             that
             which
             is
             not
             ?
             for
             riches
             certainly
             make
             to
             themselves
             wings
             and
             flie
             like
             an
             Eagle
             towards
             heaven
             .
          
           So
           fugitive
           are
           they
           ,
           that
           after
           all
           our
           endeavours
           to
           secure
           them
           they
           may
           break
           loose
           from
           us
           and
           in
           an
           instant
           vanish
           out
           of
           our
           sight
           ,
           
             riches
             make
             to
             themselves
             wings
             ,
             and
             flie
             like
             an
             Eagle
             ,
          
           intimating
           to
           us
           that
           riches
           are
           often
           accessary
           to
           their
           own
           ruin
           .
           Many
           times
           the
           greatness
           of
           a
           mans
           estate
           ,
           and
           nothing
           else
           ,
           hath
           been
           the
           cause
           of
           the
           loss
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           of
           taking
           away
           the
           life
           of
           the
           owner
           thereof
           .
           The
           fairness
           of
           some
           mens
           fortune
           hath
           been
           a
           temptation
           to
           those
           who
           have
           been
           more
           powerful
           to
           ravish
           it
           from
           them
           ,
           thus
           
             riches
             make
             to
             themselves
             wings
          
           .
           So
           that
           he
           that
           enjoys
           the
           greatest
           happiness
           of
           this
           world
           does
           still
           want
           one
           happiness
           more
           ,
           to
           secure
           to
           him
           for
           the
           future
           what
           he
           possesses
           for
           the
           present
           .
           But
           the
           
           happiness
           of
           Heaven
           is
           a
           steady
           and
           constant
           light
           ,
           fixt
           and
           unchangeable
           as
           the
           fountain
           from
           whence
           it
           springs
           ,
           
             the
             father
             of
             lights
             ,
             with
             whom
             is
             no
             variableness
             nor
             shadow
             of
             turning
             .
          
        
         
           And
           if
           the
           enjoyments
           of
           this
           life
           were
           certain
           ,
           yet
           they
           are
           unsatisfying
           .
           This
           is
           the
           
             vanity
             of
             vanities
          
           ,
           that
           every
           thing
           in
           this
           world
           can
           trouble
           us
           but
           nothing
           can
           give
           us
           satisfaction
           .
           I
           know
           not
           how
           it
           is
           ,
           but
           either
           we
           ,
           or
           the
           things
           of
           this
           world
           ,
           or
           both
           ,
           are
           so
           phantastical
           ,
           that
           we
           can
           neither
           be
           well
           with
           these
           things
           ,
           nor
           well
           without
           them
           .
           If
           we
           be
           hungry
           ,
           we
           are
           in
           pain
           ;
           and
           if
           we
           eat
           to
           the
           full
           ,
           we
           are
           uneasie
           .
           If
           we
           be
           poor
           we
           think
           our selves
           miserable
           ,
           and
           when
           we
           come
           to
           be
           rich
           we
           commonly
           really
           are
           so
           .
           If
           we
           are
           in
           a
           low
           condition
           we
           fret
           and
           murmur
           ,
           and
           if
           we
           chance
           to
           get
           up
           and
           to
           be
           rais'd
           to
           greatness
           we
           are
           many
           times
           farther
           from
           contentment
           than
           we
           were
           before
           So
           that
           we
           pursue
           the
           happiness
           of
           this
           world
           just
           as
           little
           children
           chase
           birds
           ,
           when
           we
           think
           we
           are
           come
           very
           near
           it
           and
           have
           it
           almost
           in
           our
           hands
           it
           flies
           farther
           from
           us
           than
           it
           was
           at
           first
           .
        
         
           Nay
           ,
           so
           far
           are
           the
           enjoyments
           of
           this
           world
           from
           affording
           us
           satisfaction
           ,
           that
           the
           sweetest
           of
           them
           are
           most
           apt
           to
           satiate
           and
           cloy
           us
           .
           All
           the
           pleasures
           of
           this
           world
           are
           so
           contriv'd
           as
           to
           yield
           us
           very
           little
           happiness
           .
           If
           they
           go
           off
           quickly
           they
           signifie
           nothing
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           stay
           long
           we
           are
           sick
           of
           them
           :
           After
           a
           full
           draught
           of
           any
           sensual
           pleasure
           we
           presently
           loath
           it
           ,
           and
           hate
           it
           as
           much
           after
           the
           enjoyment
           as
           we
           courted
           it
           and
           long'd
           for
           it
           in
           the
           expectation
           .
           But
           the
           delights
           of
           the
           other
           world
           ,
           as
           they
           will
           give
           us
           full
           satisfaction
           so
           we
           shall
           never
           be
           weary
           of
           them
           .
           Every
           repetition
           of
           them
           will
           be
           accompanied
           with
           a
           new
           pleasure
           and
           contentment
           .
           In
           the
           felicities
           
           of
           Heaven
           these
           two
           things
           shall
           be
           reconcil'd
           ,
           which
           never
           met
           together
           in
           any
           sensual
           delight
           ,
           long
           and
           full
           enjoyment
           and
           yet
           a
           fresh
           and
           perpetual
           pleasure
           .
           As
           in
           Gods
           
             presence
             there
             is
             fulness
             of
             joy
             ,
          
           so
           
             at
             his
             right
             hand
             there
             shall
             be
             pleasures
             for
             evermore
             .
          
        
         
           2.
           
           The
           happiness
           of
           the
           other
           life
           is
           not
           onely
           incomparably
           beyond
           any
           happiness
           of
           this
           world
           (
           that
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           ,
           is
           no
           great
           commendation
           of
           it
           )
           but
           it
           is
           very
           great
           in
           it self
           .
           The
           happiness
           of
           Heaven
           is
           usually
           in
           Scripture
           describ'd
           to
           us
           by
           such
           pleasures
           as
           are
           manly
           and
           excellent
           ,
           chast
           and
           intellectual
           ,
           infinitely
           more
           pure
           and
           refin'd
           than
           those
           of
           sense
           ;
           and
           if
           the
           Scripture
           at
           any
           time
           descend
           to
           the
           metaphors
           of
           a
           feast
           ,
           and
           a
           banquet
           ,
           and
           a
           marriage
           ,
           it
           is
           plainly
           by
           way
           of
           accommodation
           to
           our
           weakness
           and
           condescention
           to
           our
           capacities
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           chief
           ingredients
           of
           this
           happiness
           ,
           so
           far
           as
           the
           Scripture
           hath
           thought
           fit
           to
           reveal
           it
           to
           us
           ,
           are
           the
           perfection
           of
           our
           knowledge
           ,
           and
           the
           height
           of
           our
           love
           ,
           and
           the
           perpetual
           society
           and
           friendship
           of
           all
           the
           blessed
           inhabitants
           of
           those
           glorious
           mansions
           ;
           and
           the
           joyful
           concurrence
           of
           all
           these
           in
           chearful
           expressions
           of
           gratitude
           ,
           in
           the
           incessant
           praises
           and
           admiration
           of
           the
           fountain
           and
           author
           of
           all
           this
           happiness
           .
           And
           what
           can
           be
           more
           delightful
           than
           to
           have
           our
           understandings
           entertain'd
           with
           a
           clear
           sight
           of
           the
           best
           and
           most
           perfect
           Being
           ,
           with
           the
           knowledge
           of
           all
           his
           works
           and
           of
           the
           wise
           designs
           of
           his
           providence
           here
           in
           the
           world
           ?
           than
           to
           live
           in
           the
           reviving
           presence
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           continually
           attending
           upon
           him
           whose
           favour
           is
           life
           ,
           and
           whose
           glory
           is
           much
           more
           above
           that
           of
           any
           of
           the
           Princes
           of
           this
           world
           than
           the
           greatest
           of
           them
           is
           above
           the
           poorest
           worm
           ?
           The
           Queen
           of
           Sheba
           thought
           Solomons
           Servants
           happy
           in
           having
           the
           opportunity
           by
           standing
           
           continually
           before
           him
           to
           hear
           his
           wisdom
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           other
           world
           it
           shall
           be
           a
           happiness
           to
           Solomon
           himself
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           wisest
           and
           greatest
           persons
           that
           ever
           were
           in
           this
           world
           ,
           to
           stand
           before
           this
           great
           King
           to
           admire
           his
           wisdom
           and
           to
           behold
           his
           glory
           .
           Not
           that
           I
           imagine
           the
           happiness
           of
           Heaven
           to
           consist
           in
           a
           perpetual
           gazing
           upon
           God
           ,
           and
           in
           an
           idle
           contemplation
           of
           the
           glories
           of
           that
           place
           .
           For
           as
           by
           that
           blessed
           sight
           we
           shall
           be
           infinitely
           transported
           ,
           so
           the
           Scripture
           tells
           us
           we
           shall
           be
           also
           transform'd
           into
           the
           image
           of
           the
           divine
           perfections
           ;
           we
           
             shall
             see
             God
             and
             we
             shall
             be
             like
             him
             ,
          
           and
           what
           greater
           happiness
           can
           there
           be
           than
           to
           be
           like
           the
           happiest
           and
           most
           perfect
           Being
           in
           the
           world
           ?
           Besides
           ,
           who
           can
           tell
           what
           employment
           God
           may
           have
           for
           us
           in
           the
           next
           life
           ?
           We
           need
           not
           doubt
           but
           that
           he
           who
           is
           happiness
           it self
           ,
           and
           hath
           promis'd
           to
           make
           us
           happy
           ,
           can
           easily
           find
           out
           such
           employments
           and
           delights
           for
           us
           in
           the
           other
           world
           as
           will
           be
           proper
           and
           suitable
           to
           that
           state
           .
        
         
           But
           then
           besides
           the
           improvement
           of
           our
           knowledge
           there
           shall
           be
           the
           most
           delightful
           exercise
           of
           love
           .
           When
           we
           come
           to
           heaven
           we
           shall
           enter
           into
           the
           society
           of
           the
           blessed
           Angels
           and
           of
           
             the
             spirits
             of
             just
             men
             made
             perfect
             ,
          
           that
           is
           ,
           freed
           from
           all
           those
           passions
           and
           infirmities
           which
           do
           now
           render
           the
           conversation
           ,
           even
           of
           the
           best
           men
           ,
           sometimes
           troublesome
           to
           one
           another
           .
           We
           shall
           then
           meet
           with
           all
           those
           excellent
           Persons
           ,
           those
           brave
           Minds
           ,
           those
           innocent
           and
           charitable
           Souls
           whom
           we
           have
           seen
           ,
           and
           heard
           ,
           and
           read
           of
           in
           this
           world
           .
           There
           we
           shall
           meet
           with
           many
           of
           our
           dear
           relations
           and
           intimate
           friends
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           with
           many
           of
           our
           enemies
           ,
           to
           whom
           we
           shall
           then
           be
           perfectly
           reconcil'd
           notwithstanding
           all
           the
           warm
           contests
           and
           peevish
           differences
           which
           we
           had
           with
           them
           in
           this
           world
           ,
           even
           about
           
           matters
           of
           Religion
           .
           For
           Heaven
           is
           a
           state
           of
           perfect
           love
           and
           friendship
           ,
           there
           will
           be
           nothing
           but
           kindness
           and
           good
           nature
           there
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           prudent
           Arts
           of
           endearment
           and
           wise
           ways
           of
           rendring
           conversation
           mutually
           pleasant
           to
           one
           another
           .
           And
           what
           greater
           happiness
           can
           be
           imagin'd
           than
           to
           converse
           freely
           with
           so
           many
           excellent
           persons
           ,
           without
           any
           thing
           of
           folly
           or
           disguise
           ,
           of
           jealousie
           or
           design
           upon
           one
           another
           ?
           For
           then
           there
           will
           be
           none
           of
           those
           vices
           and
           passions
           ,
           of
           covetousness
           and
           ambition
           ,
           of
           envy
           and
           hatred
           ,
           of
           wrath
           and
           peevishness
           ,
           which
           do
           now
           so
           much
           spoil
           the
           pleasure
           and
           disturb
           the
           quiet
           of
           mankind
           .
           All
           quarrels
           and
           contentions
           ,
           schisms
           and
           divisions
           will
           then
           be
           effectually
           hinder'd
           not
           by
           force
           but
           by
           love
           ,
           not
           by
           compulsion
           but
           by
           that
           
             charity
             which
             never
             fails
          
           ;
           and
           all
           those
           controversies
           in
           Religion
           which
           are
           now
           so
           hotly
           agitated
           will
           then
           be
           finally
           determin'd
           ,
           not
           as
           we
           endeavour
           to
           end
           them
           now
           by
           Canons
           and
           Decrees
           ,
           but
           by
           a
           perfect
           knowledge
           and
           convincing
           light
           .
        
         
           And
           when
           this
           blessed
           society
           is
           met
           together
           and
           thus
           united
           by
           love
           ,
           they
           shall
           all
           joyn
           in
           gratitude
           to
           their
           great
           Patrons
           and
           Benefactors
           ,
           
             to
             him
             that
             sits
             upon
             the
             Throne
             and
             to
             the
             lamb
             that
             was
             slain
             ,
             to
             God
             even
             our
             Father
             ,
             and
             to
             our
             Lord
             Jesus
             Christ
             ,
             who
             hath
             lov'd
             us
             and
             wash'd
             us
             from
             our
             sins
             in
             his
             own
             blood
             .
          
           And
           they
           shall
           sing
           everlasting
           songs
           of
           praise
           to
           God
           for
           all
           his
           works
           of
           wonder
           ,
           for
           the
           effects
           of
           that
           infinite
           goodness
           ,
           and
           admirable
           wisdom
           ,
           and
           almighty
           power
           ,
           which
           are
           clearly
           seen
           in
           the
           creation
           and
           government
           of
           the
           world
           and
           of
           all
           the
           Creatures
           in
           it
           ;
           particularly
           for
           his
           favours
           to
           mankind
           ,
           for
           the
           benefit
           of
           their
           beings
           ,
           for
           the
           comfort
           of
           their
           lives
           ,
           and
           for
           all
           his
           mercifull
           providences
           towards
           them
           in
           this
           world
           :
           But
           above
           all
           for
           the
           redemption
           of
           their
           
           souls
           by
           the
           death
           of
           his
           Son
           for
           the
           free
           forgiveness
           of
           their
           sins
           ,
           for
           the
           gracious
           assistance
           of
           his
           holy
           Spirit
           ,
           and
           for
           conducting
           them
           safely
           through
           all
           the
           snares
           and
           dangers
           ,
           the
           troubles
           and
           temptations
           of
           this
           world
           to
           the
           secure
           possession
           of
           that
           glory
           and
           happiness
           which
           then
           they
           shall
           be
           partakers
           of
           ,
           and
           are
           bound
           to
           praise
           God
           for
           to
           all
           eternity
           .
           This
           ,
           this
           shall
           be
           the
           employment
           of
           the
           blessed
           spirits
           above
           ,
           and
           these
           are
           the
           chief
           ingredients
           of
           our
           happiness
           which
           the
           Spripture
           mentions
           .
           And
           if
           there
           were
           no
           other
           as
           there
           may
           be
           ten
           thousand
           more
           for
           any
           thing
           I
           can
           tell
           ,
           yet
           generous
           and
           vertuous
           minds
           will
           easily
           understand
           how
           great
           a
           pleasure
           there
           is
           in
           the
           improvement
           of
           our
           knowledge
           ,
           and
           the
           exercise
           of
           love
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           gratefull
           and
           perpetual
           acknowledgement
           of
           the
           greatest
           benefits
           that
           creatures
           are
           capable
           of
           receiving
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           This
           happiness
           shall
           be
           eternal
           .
           And
           though
           this
           be
           but
           a
           circumstance
           and
           do
           not
           enter
           into
           the
           nature
           of
           our
           happiness
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           so
           material
           a
           one
           that
           all
           the
           felicities
           which
           heaven
           affords
           would
           be
           imperfect
           without
           it
           .
           It
           would
           strangely
           damp
           and
           allay
           all
           our
           joys
           to
           think
           that
           they
           should
           sometime
           have
           an
           end
           .
           And
           the
           greater
           our
           happiness
           were
           ,
           the
           greater
           trouble
           it
           would
           be
           to
           us
           to
           consider
           that
           it
           must
           have
           a
           period
           .
           It
           would
           make
           a
           man
           sorrowfull
           indeed
           to
           think
           of
           leaving
           such
           vast
           possessions
           .
           Indeed
           if
           the
           happiness
           of
           heaven
           were
           such
           as
           the
           joys
           of
           this
           world
           are
           ,
           it
           were
           fit
           they
           should
           be
           as
           short
           ;
           for
           after
           a
           little
           enjoyment
           it
           would
           cloy
           us
           ,
           and
           we
           should
           soon
           grow
           weary
           of
           it
           :
           But
           being
           so
           excellent
           ,
           it
           would
           scarce
           be
           a
           happiness
           if
           it
           were
           not
           eternal
           .
           It
           would
           imbitter
           the
           pleasures
           of
           heaven
           ,
           as
           great
           as
           they
           are
           ,
           to
           see
           to
           an
           end
           of
           them
           ,
           though
           it
           were
           at
           never
           so
           great
           a
           distance
           ;
           to
           consider
           that
           all
           this
           vast
           
           treasure
           of
           happiness
           would
           one
           day
           be
           exhausted
           ,
           and
           that
           after
           so
           many
           years
           were
           past
           we
           should
           be
           as
           poor
           and
           miserable
           again
           as
           we
           were
           once
           in
           this
           world
           .
           God
           hath
           so
           order'd
           things
           ,
           that
           the
           vain
           and
           empty
           delights
           of
           this
           world
           should
           be
           temporary
           and
           transient
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           great
           and
           substantial
           pleasures
           of
           the
           other
           world
           should
           be
           as
           lasting
           as
           they
           are
           excellent
           .
           For
           Heaven
           as
           it
           is
           an
           exceeding
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           
             an
             eternal
             weight
             of
             glory
          
           .
           And
           this
           is
           that
           which
           crowns
           the
           joys
           of
           heaven
           and
           banishes
           all
           fear
           and
           trouble
           from
           the
           minds
           of
           the
           blessed
           .
           And
           thus
           to
           be
           secur'd
           in
           the
           possession
           of
           our
           happiness
           is
           an
           unspeakable
           addition
           to
           it
           .
           For
           that
           which
           is
           eternal
           as
           it
           shall
           never
           determine
           ,
           so
           it
           can
           never
           be
           diminish'd
           ;
           for
           to
           be
           diminish'd
           and
           to
           decay
           is
           to
           draw
           nearer
           to
           an
           end
           ,
           but
           that
           which
           shall
           never
           have
           an
           end
           can
           never
           come
           nearer
           to
           it
           .
        
         
           O
           vast
           eternity
           !
           how
           dost
           thou
           swallow
           up
           our
           thoughts
           and
           entertain
           us
           at
           once
           with
           delight
           and
           amazement
           ?
           This
           is
           the
           very
           top
           and
           highest
           pitch
           of
           our
           happiness
           ,
           upon
           which
           we
           may
           stand
           secure
           and
           look
           down
           with
           scorn
           upon
           all
           things
           here
           below
           ;
           and
           how
           small
           and
           inconsiderable
           do
           they
           appear
           to
           us
           ,
           compar'd
           with
           the
           vast
           and
           endless
           enjoyments
           of
           our
           future
           state
           ?
           But
           oh
           vain
           and
           foolish
           souls
           !
           that
           are
           so
           little
           concern'd
           for
           eternity
           ;
           that
           for
           the
           trifles
           of
           time
           ,
           and
           
             the
             pleasures
             of
             sin
             which
             are
             but
             for
             a
             season
             ,
          
           can
           find
           in
           our
           hearts
           to
           forfeit
           an
           everlasting
           felicity
           .
           Blessed
           God!
           why
           hast
           thou
           prepar'd
           such
           a
           happiness
           for
           those
           who
           neither
           consider
           it
           ,
           nor
           seek
           after
           it
           ?
           
             Why
             is
          
           such
           
             a
             price
             put
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             fools
             ,
             who
             have
             no
             heart
             to
             make
             use
             of
             it
          
           ;
           who
           fondly
           chuse
           to
           gratifie
           their
           lusts
           rather
           than
           to
           save
           their
           souls
           ,
           and
           sortishly
           prefer
           the
           temporary
           enjoyments
           of
           sin
           before
           a
           blessed
           immortality
           ?
        
         
         
           4.
           
           And
           lastly
           ,
           This
           happiness
           is
           far
           above
           any
           thing
           that
           we
           can
           now
           conceive
           or
           imagine
           .
           It
           is
           so
           great
           that
           is
           cannot
           now
           
             enter
             into
             the
             heart
             of
             man.
          
           We
           cannot
           from
           the
           experience
           of
           any
           of
           those
           pleasures
           and
           delights
           which
           we
           have
           been
           acquainted
           withall
           in
           this
           world
           frame
           an
           equal
           Idea
           and
           conception
           of
           it
           .
           So
           that
           when
           we
           come
           to
           Heaven
           we
           shall
           be
           ready
           to
           say
           of
           it
           as
           the
           Queen
           of
           Sheba
           did
           of
           
           Solomon's
           wisedom
           and
           prosperity
           ,
           that
           
             half
             of
             it
             hath
             not
             been
             told
             us
          
           ;
           that
           the
           felicities
           and
           glories
           of
           that
           state
           do
           far
           exceed
           all
           the
           fame
           which
           we
           heard
           of
           them
           in
           this
           world
           ▪
           For
           who
           can
           say
           how
           great
           a
           good
           God
           is
           ?
           and
           how
           happy
           he
           who
           is
           the
           fountain
           of
           happiness
           can
           make
           those
           souls
           that
           love
           him
           ,
           and
           those
           whom
           he
           loves
           ?
        
         
           In
           this
           imperfect
           state
           we
           are
           not
           capable
           of
           a
           full
           representation
           of
           those
           glories
           .
           
             We
             cannot
          
           now
           
             see
             God
             and
             live
          
           .
           A
           full
           description
           of
           Heaven
           and
           of
           the
           pleasures
           of
           that
           state
           would
           let
           in
           joys
           upon
           us
           too
           big
           for
           our
           narrow
           capacities
           ,
           and
           too
           strong
           for
           weak
           mortality
           to
           bear
           .
           
             We
             are
             now
             but
             Children
             ,
             and
             we
             speak
             as
             Children
             ,
             and
             understand
          
           and
           think
           
             as
             Children
          
           concerning
           these
           things
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           other
           state
           we
           shall
           grow
           up
           
             to
             be
             men
          
           ,
           and
           then
           we
           shall
           
             put
             away
          
           these
           childish
           thoughts
           ;
           
             now
             we
             know
             but
             in
             part
             ,
             but
             when
             that
             which
             is
             perfect
             is
             come
             ,
             that
             which
             is
             imperfect
             shall
             be
             done
             away
             ;
             now
             we
             see
             through
             a
             glass
             darkly
          
           (
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           
             in
             a
             riddle
             )
             but
             then
             we
             shall
             see
             face
             to
             face
             ;
             now
             we
             know
             in
             part
             ,
             but
             then
             we
             shall
             know
             even
             as
             also
             we
             are
             known
             ,
          
           as
           the
           Apostle
           discourseth
           excellently
           concerning
           this
           very
           matter
           ,
           1
           Cor.
           13.
           9
           ,
           10
           ,
           11.
           
        
         
           No
           sooner
           shall
           we
           enter
           upon
           the
           joys
           of
           the
           other
           world
           ,
           but
           our
           minds
           shall
           be
           rais'd
           to
           a
           strength
           and
           activity
           as
           much
           above
           that
           of
           the
           most
           knowing
           persons
           
           in
           the
           world
           as
           the
           thoughts
           of
           the
           greatest
           Philosopher
           and
           wisest
           man
           upon
           earth
           are
           above
           the
           thoughts
           of
           a
           child
           or
           a
           fool
           .
           No
           man's
           mind
           is
           now
           so
           well
           fram'd
           to
           understand
           any
           thing
           in
           this
           world
           ,
           as
           our
           understandings
           shall
           then
           be
           fitted
           for
           the
           knowledge
           of
           God
           and
           of
           the
           things
           that
           belong
           to
           that
           state
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           let
           us
           bless
           God
           that
           he
           hath
           reveal'd
           so
           much
           of
           this
           happiness
           to
           us
           as
           is
           necessary
           to
           excite
           and
           encourage
           us
           to
           seek
           after
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           Second
           thing
           to
           be
           consider'd
           concerning
           our
           future
           happiness
           ,
           is
           the
           way
           and
           means
           whereby
           we
           may
           come
           to
           be
           made
           partakers
           of
           it
           .
           And
           that
           in
           short
           is
           by
           the
           constant
           and
           sincere
           endeavours
           of
           a
           holy
           life
           ,
           in
           and
           through
           the
           mercies
           of
           God
           in
           our
           Lord
           Jesus
           Christ.
           Christ
           indeed
           is
           the
           author
           of
           our
           salvation
           ,
           but
           obedience
           is
           the
           condition
           of
           it
           ;
           so
           the
           Apostle
           tells
           us
           ,
           that
           Christ
           
             is
             the
             author
             of
             eternal
             salvation
             to
             them
             that
             obey
             him
             ,
          
           Heb.
           5.
           1.
           
           It
           is
           
             the
             grace
             of
             God
          
           in
           the
           Gospel
           
             which
             brings
          
           or
           offers
           this
           
             salvation
             to
             us
          
           ,
           but
           then
           it
           is
           by
           the
           
             denying
             of
             ungodliness
             and
             worldly
             lusts
             ,
          
           and
           by
           
             living
             soberly
             ,
             and
             righteously
             ,
             and
             godly
             in
             this
             present
             world
          
           that
           we
           are
           
             to
             wait
             for
             the
             blessed
             hope
             ,
          
           Tit.
           2.
           11
           ,
           12.
           
           Our
           Saviour
           promises
           this
           happiness
           to
           the
           pure
           in
           heart
           ,
           
             Blessed
             are
             the
             pure
             in
             heart
             ,
             for
             they
             shall
             see
             God
          
           ;
           and
           elsewhere
           the
           Scripture
           doth
           exclude
           all
           others
           from
           any
           share
           or
           portion
           in
           this
           blessedness
           ▪
           so
           the
           Apostle
           assures
           us
           
             that
             without
             holiness
             no
             man
             shall
             see
             the
             Lord
             ,
          
           Heb.
           18.
           14.
           
        
         
           And
           holiness
           is
           not
           onely
           a
           condition
           but
           a
           necessary
           qualification
           for
           the
           happiness
           of
           the
           next
           life
           .
           This
           is
           the
           force
           of
           St.
           
           John's
           reasoning
           ,
           
             we
             shall
             be
             like
             him
             ,
             for
             we
             shall
             see
             him
             .
          
           To
           
             see
             God
          
           is
           to
           be
           happy
           ,
           but
           unless
           we
           be
           like
           him
           we
           cannot
           see
           him
           .
           The
           sight
           
           and
           presence
           of
           God
           himself
           would
           be
           no
           happiness
           to
           that
           man
           who
           is
           not
           like
           to
           God
           in
           the
           temper
           and
           disposition
           of
           his
           mind
           .
           And
           from
           hence
           the
           Apostle
           infers
           in
           the
           next
           
             verse
             ,
             every
             man
             that
             hath
             this
             hope
             in
             him
             purifieth
             himself
             even
             as
             he
             is
             pure
             .
          
           So
           that
           if
           we
           live
           wicked
           lives
           ,
           if
           we
           allow
           our selves
           in
           the
           practice
           of
           any
           known
           sin
           ,
           we
           interrupt
           our
           hopes
           of
           Heaven
           and
           render
           our selves
           unfit
           for
           eternal
           life
           .
           By
           this
           means
           we
           defeat
           all
           the
           designs
           of
           God's
           grace
           and
           mercy
           towards
           us
           ,
           and
           salvation
           it self
           cannot
           save
           us
           if
           we
           make
           our selves
           incapable
           of
           that
           happiness
           which
           God
           offers
           .
           Heaven
           is
           in
           Scripture
           call'd
           
             an
             inheritance
             among
             them
             that
             are
             sanctified
             ,
          
           and
           
             the
             inheritance
             of
             the
             Saints
             in
             light
          
           ;
           so
           that
           it
           is
           not
           enough
           that
           this
           inheritance
           is
           promis'd
           to
           us
           ,
           but
           we
           must
           be
           qualifi'd
           and
           prepar'd
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           
             be
             made
             meet
             to
             be
             made
             partakers
             of
             it
             .
          
        
         
           And
           this
           life
           is
           the
           time
           of
           our
           preparation
           for
           our
           future
           state
           .
           Ours
           souls
           will
           continue
           for
           ever
           what
           we
           make
           them
           in
           this
           world
           .
           Such
           a
           temper
           and
           disposition
           of
           mind
           as
           a
           man
           carries
           with
           him
           out
           of
           this
           life
           he
           shall
           retain
           in
           the
           next
           .
           'T
           is
           true
           indeed
           ,
           heaven
           perfects
           those
           holy
           and
           vertuous
           dispositions
           which
           are
           begun
           here
           ;
           but
           the
           other
           world
           alters
           no
           man
           as
           to
           his
           main
           state
           ,
           
             he
             that
             is
             filthy
             will
             be
             filthy
             still
             ,
          
           and
           
             he
             that
             is
             unrighteous
             will
             be
             unrighteous
          
           still
           .
           If
           we
           do
           not
           in
           a
           good
           degree
           mortifie
           our
           lusts
           and
           passions
           here
           death
           will
           not
           kill
           them
           for
           us
           ,
           but
           we
           shall
           carry
           them
           with
           us
           into
           the
           other
           world
           .
           And
           if
           God
           should
           admit
           us
           so
           qualifi'd
           into
           the
           place
           of
           happiness
           ,
           yet
           we
           shall
           bring
           that
           along
           with
           us
           which
           would
           infallibly
           hinder
           us
           from
           being
           happy
           .
           Our
           sensual
           inclinations
           and
           desires
           would
           meet
           with
           nothing
           there
           that
           would
           be
           suitable
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           we
           should
           be
           perpetually
           tormented
           with
           those
           appetites
           which
           we
           
           brought
           with
           us
           out
           of
           this
           world
           ,
           because
           we
           should
           find
           nothing
           there
           to
           gratifie
           them
           withall
           .
           For
           as
           the
           Apostle
           says
           in
           another
           sense
           ,
           
             The
             kingdom
             of
             God
             is
             not
             meats
             and
             drinks
             ,
             but
             righteousness
             ,
             and
             peace
             ,
             and
             joy
             in
             the
             Holy
             Ghost
             .
          
           The
           happiness
           of
           heaven
           consists
           in
           such
           things
           as
           a
           wicked
           man
           hath
           no
           gust
           and
           relish
           for
           .
           So
           that
           if
           a
           covetous
           ,
           or
           ambitious
           ,
           or
           voluptuous
           man
           were
           in
           Heaven
           ,
           he
           would
           be
           just
           like
           the
           rich
           man
           in
           Hell
           ,
           tormented
           with
           a
           continual
           thirst
           ,
           and
           burnt
           up
           in
           the
           flames
           of
           his
           own
           ardent
           desires
           ,
           and
           would
           not
           be
           able
           ,
           amidst
           all
           the
           plenty
           and
           treasures
           of
           that
           place
           ,
           to
           find
           so
           much
           as
           one
           drop
           of
           suitable
           pleasure
           and
           delight
           to
           quench
           and
           allay
           that
           heat
           .
           So
           likewise
           our
           fierce
           and
           unruly
           passions
           ;
           if
           we
           should
           carry
           them
           with
           us
           into
           the
           other
           world
           ,
           how
           inconsistent
           would
           they
           be
           with
           happiness
           ?
           They
           would
           not
           onely
           make
           us
           miserable
           our selves
           ,
           but
           be
           a
           trouble
           to
           all
           those
           with
           whom
           we
           should
           converse
           .
           If
           a
           man
           of
           an
           envious
           and
           malicious
           ,
           of
           a
           peevish
           and
           passionate
           temper
           ,
           were
           admitted
           into
           the
           mansions
           of
           the
           blessed
           ,
           he
           would
           not
           onely
           be
           unhappy
           himself
           ,
           but
           would
           disturb
           the
           quiet
           of
           others
           ,
           and
           raise
           storms
           even
           in
           those
           calm
           regions
           .
           Vain
           man
           !
           that
           dreamest
           of
           being
           happy
           without
           any
           disposition
           or
           preparation
           for
           it
           .
           To
           be
           happy
           ,
           is
           to
           enjoy
           what
           we
           desire
           and
           to
           live
           with
           those
           whom
           we
           love
           .
           But
           there
           is
           nothing
           in
           heaven
           suitable
           to
           the
           desires
           and
           appetites
           of
           a
           wicked
           man.
           All
           the
           joys
           of
           that
           place
           ,
           and
           the
           delights
           of
           that
           state
           are
           purely
           spiritual
           ,
           and
           are
           onely
           to
           be
           relish'd
           by
           those
           who
           have
           
             purified
             themselves
             as
             God
             is
             pure
             .
          
           But
           if
           thou
           be
           carnal
           and
           sensual
           ,
           what
           are
           these
           things
           to
           thee
           ?
           What
           happiness
           would
           it
           be
           to
           thee
           to
           see
           God
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           him
           always
           in
           thy
           view
           who
           was
           never
           in
           all
           thy
           thoughts
           ;
           to
           be
           tied
           to
           live
           for
           ever
           in
           his
           
           company
           who
           is
           of
           a
           quite
           contrary
           temper
           and
           disposition
           to
           thy self
           ,
           whose
           presence
           thou
           dreadest
           ,
           and
           whom
           whilst
           thou
           wast
           in
           this
           world
           thou
           couldst
           never
           endure
           to
           think
           upon
           ?
           So
           that
           the
           pleasures
           of
           Heaven
           it self
           could
           signifie
           no
           good
           or
           happiness
           to
           that
           man
           who
           is
           not
           so
           dispos'd
           as
           to
           take
           pleasure
           in
           them
           .
           Heaven
           is
           too
           pure
           an
           air
           for
           corrupt
           souls
           to
           live
           and
           breath
           in
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           employment
           and
           conversation
           of
           that
           place
           ,
           as
           it
           would
           be
           unsuitable
           ,
           so
           would
           it
           also
           be
           unacceptable
           to
           a
           sensual
           and
           vicious
           person
           .
        
         
           From
           all
           this
           it
           appears
           how
           necessary
           it
           is
           for
           us
           to
           prepare
           our selves
           for
           this
           blessed
           state
           ,
           by
           the
           constant
           and
           sincere
           endeavours
           of
           a
           holy
           life
           ,
           and
           by
           mortifying
           every
           lust
           and
           inordinate
           passion
           in
           our
           souls
           .
           For
           till
           this
           be
           done
           we
           are
           not
           meet
           to
           be
           made
           partakers
           of
           the
           felicities
           of
           the
           other
           world
           .
           And
           thus
           I
           have
           done
           with
           the
           first
           thing
           imply'd
           in
           this
           phrase
           
             of
             having
             our
             conversation
             in
             heaven
             ,
             viz.
          
           the
           serious
           thoughts
           and
           considerations
           of
           heaven
           ;
           or
           the
           happiness
           of
           that
           state
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           way
           and
           means
           whereby
           that
           happiness
           is
           to
           be
           attained
           .
        
         
           II.
           The
           
             having
             our
             conversation
             in
             heaven
          
           does
           imply
           likewise
           the
           effect
           which
           those
           considerations
           ought
           to
           have
           upon
           our
           hearts
           and
           lives
           :
           As
           ,
        
         
           1.
           
           To
           convince
           us
           of
           the
           vanity
           of
           this
           world
           .
           God
           hath
           on
           purpose
           made
           this
           world
           troublesome
           and
           uneasie
           to
           us
           ,
           that
           there
           might
           be
           no
           sufficient
           temptation
           to
           reasonable
           and
           considerate
           men
           to
           take
           them
           off
           from
           the
           care
           and
           thought
           of
           their
           future
           happiness
           ;
           that
           God
           and
           heaven
           might
           have
           no
           rival
           here
           below
           ;
           that
           there
           might
           be
           nothing
           in
           this
           world
           that
           might
           pretend
           to
           our
           affection
           or
           court
           us
           with
           any
           advantage
           in
           comparison
           of
           everlasting
           life
           and
           glory
           .
        
         
         
           When
           we
           come
           to
           die
           and
           eternity
           shall
           present
           it self
           to
           our
           serious
           and
           waking
           thoughts
           ,
           then
           things
           will
           put
           on
           another
           face
           ,
           and
           those
           things
           which
           we
           valued
           so
           much
           in
           this
           life
           will
           then
           appear
           to
           be
           nothing
           worth
           ;
           but
           those
           things
           which
           we
           neglected
           ,
           to
           be
           of
           infinite
           concernment
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           worthy
           to
           have
           been
           the
           care
           and
           endeavour
           of
           our
           whole
           lives
           .
           And
           if
           we
           would
           consider
           these
           things
           in
           time
           ,
           while
           the
           opportunities
           of
           life
           and
           health
           are
           before
           us
           ,
           we
           might
           be
           convinc'd
           at
           a
           cheaper
           rate
           ,
           and
           come
           to
           be
           satisfi'd
           of
           the
           vanity
           of
           this
           world
           before
           we
           despair'd
           of
           the
           happiness
           of
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           To
           make
           us
           very
           active
           and
           industrious
           to
           be
           as
           good
           ,
           and
           to
           do
           as
           much
           good
           as
           we
           can
           in
           this
           life
           ,
           that
           so
           we
           may
           be
           qualifi'd
           and
           dispos'd
           for
           the
           happiness
           of
           the
           next
           .
           Men
           are
           usually
           very
           industrious
           for
           the
           things
           of
           this
           life
           ,
           to
           be
           rich
           and
           great
           in
           the
           world
           ;
           did
           we
           but
           value
           heaven
           half
           as
           much
           as
           it
           deserves
           we
           should
           take
           infinitely
           more
           pains
           for
           that
           .
           So
           often
           as
           we
           consider
           the
           glories
           that
           are
           above
           ,
           how
           does
           it
           accuse
           our
           sloth
           and
           condemn
           our
           folly
           that
           we
           are
           less
           concerned
           for
           our
           souls
           than
           most
           men
           are
           for
           their
           bodies
           ,
           that
           we
           will
           not
           labour
           half
           so
           much
           for
           an
           eternal
           inheritance
           as
           men
           ordinarily
           do
           for
           these
           corruptible
           things
           ?
        
         
           Let
           us
           remember
           that
           we
           are
           hasting
           apace
           to
           another
           world
           ,
           and
           that
           our
           eternal
           happiness
           now
           lies
           at
           the
           stake
           .
           And
           how
           should
           it
           quicken
           our
           endeavours
           to
           have
           such
           a
           reward
           set
           before
           us
           ,
           to
           have
           Crowns
           and
           Scepters
           in
           our
           eyes
           ?
           would
           we
           but
           often
           represent
           to
           our
           minds
           the
           glorious
           things
           of
           another
           world
           ,
           what
           fervours
           should
           we
           feel
           in
           our
           hearts
           ?
           we
           should
           be
           all
           life
           ,
           and
           spirit
           ,
           and
           wing
           ;
           and
           should
           do
           Gods
           will
           ,
           almost
           with
           the
           same
           readiness
           and
           delight
           ,
           as
           the
           Angels
           do
           
             who
             continually
             
             behold
             the
             face
             of
             their
             Father
             .
          
           The
           consideration
           of
           heaven
           and
           the
           firm
           perswasion
           of
           our
           future
           happiness
           should
           actuate
           all
           the
           powers
           of
           our
           souls
           ,
           and
           be
           continually
           inspiring
           us
           with
           new
           vigour
           in
           the
           ways
           of
           holiness
           and
           vertue
           .
           How
           should
           this
           thought
           swell
           our
           resolutions
           and
           confirm
           our
           purposes
           of
           obedience
           ,
           that
           if
           we
           have
           our
           
             fruit
             unto
             holiness
          
           our
           
             end
             will
             be
             everlasting
             life
          
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           To
           mitigate
           and
           lighten
           the
           evils
           and
           afflictions
           of
           this
           life
           .
           It
           is
           no
           great
           matter
           how
           rough
           the
           way
           be
           provided
           we
           be
           sure
           that
           it
           leads
           to
           happiness
           .
           The
           incomparably
           greater
           good
           of
           the
           next
           life
           will
           to
           a
           wise
           and
           considerate
           man
           weigh
           down
           all
           the
           evils
           of
           this
           .
           And
           the
           Scripture
           tells
           us
           that
           there
           is
           no
           comparison
           between
           them
           .
           
             The
             sufferings
             of
             this
             present
             time
             are
             not
             worthy
             to
             be
             compared
             with
             the
             glory
             which
             shall
             be
             revealed
             in
             us
             ,
             Rom.
          
           8.
           18.
           
           The
           evils
           of
           this
           life
           afflict
           men
           more
           or
           less
           according
           as
           the
           soul
           is
           fortified
           with
           considerations
           proper
           to
           support
           us
           under
           them
           .
           When
           we
           consider
           that
           we
           have
           but
           a
           little
           while
           to
           be
           here
           ,
           that
           we
           are
           upon
           our
           journey
           travelling
           towards
           our
           heavenly
           Countrey
           where
           we
           shall
           meet
           with
           all
           the
           delights
           we
           can
           desire
           ,
           it
           ought
           not
           to
           trouble
           us
           much
           to
           endure
           storms
           and
           foul
           ways
           ,
           and
           to
           want
           many
           of
           those
           accommodations
           we
           might
           expect
           at
           home
           .
           This
           is
           the
           common
           fate
           of
           Travellers
           ,
           and
           we
           must
           take
           things
           as
           we
           find
           them
           and
           not
           look
           to
           have
           every
           thing
           just
           to
           our
           mind
           .
           These
           difficulties
           and
           inconveniences
           will
           shortly
           be
           over
           ,
           and
           after
           a
           few
           days
           will
           be
           quite
           forgotten
           ,
           and
           be
           to
           us
           as
           if
           they
           had
           never
           been
           .
           And
           when
           we
           are
           safely
           landed
           in
           our
           own
           Country
           ,
           with
           what
           pleasure
           shall
           we
           look
           back
           upon
           those
           rough
           and
           boisterous
           Seas
           which
           we
           have
           escap'd
           ?
           The
           more
           troubles
           we
           have
           past
           through
           the
           kinder
           usage
           we
           shall
           find
           when
           we
           come
           
           to
           our
           Fathers
           house
           .
           So
           the
           Apostle
           tells
           us
           ,
           that
           
             our
             light
             affliction
             which
             is
             but
             for
             a
             moment
             worketh
             for
             us
             a
             far
             more
             exceeding
             and
             eternal
             weight
             of
             glory
             .
          
           When
           we
           come
           to
           heaven
           our
           happiness
           shall
           then
           be
           as
           real
           as
           our
           miseries
           were
           here
           upon
           earth
           ,
           and
           far
           greater
           and
           more
           lasting
           .
           And
           what
           great
           matter
           is
           it
           though
           we
           suffer
           a
           while
           in
           this
           world
           ,
           provided
           we
           escape
           the
           endless
           unsufferable
           torments
           of
           the
           next
           ;
           though
           we
           have
           not
           our
           good
           things
           in
           this
           life
           ,
           if
           infinitely
           greater
           be
           reserv'd
           for
           us
           and
           we
           shall
           receive
           them
           with
           interest
           in
           the
           other
           ?
        
         
           Several
           of
           the
           evils
           and
           calamities
           of
           this
           life
           would
           be
           unsufferable
           indeed
           ,
           if
           there
           were
           nothing
           better
           to
           be
           hoped
           for
           hereafter
           .
           If
           this
           were
           true
           ,
           Christians
           would
           not
           onely
           be
           of
           all
           men
           but
           of
           all
           
             creatures
             the
             most
             miserable
          
           .
           But
           our
           Religion
           hath
           abundantly
           assur'd
           us
           to
           the
           contrary
           .
           And
           the
           assurance
           of
           this
           was
           that
           which
           made
           the
           primitive
           Christians
           to
           embrace
           sufferings
           with
           so
           much
           cheerfulness
           ,
           
             to
             glory
             in
             tribulation
          
           ,
           and
           
             to
             take
             joyfully
             the
             spoiling
             of
             their
             goods
             ,
             knowing
             that
             in
             heaven
             they
             had
             a
             better
             and
             more
             enduring
             substance
             .
          
           The
           seven
           brethren
           in
           the
           History
           of
           the
           Maccabees
           upon
           this
           perswasion
           would
           
             not
             accept
             deliverance
             that
             they
             might
             obtain
             a
             better
             resurrection
             .
          
           That
           storm
           of
           stones
           which
           was
           pour'd
           upon
           St.
           Stephen
           was
           no
           more
           to
           him
           than
           a
           common
           shower
           when
           
             he
             saw
             the
             heavens
             open'd
          
           ,
           and
           Jesus
           (
           in
           whose
           cause
           he
           suffered
           )
           
             standing
             on
             the
             right
             hand
             of
             God.
             
          
        
         
           4.
           
           To
           make
           us
           sincere
           in
           all
           our
           professions
           ,
           words
           and
           actions
           ,
           did
           men
           firmly
           believe
           the
           rewards
           of
           another
           world
           their
           Religion
           would
           not
           be
           onely
           in
           shew
           and
           pretence
           ,
           but
           in
           life
           and
           reality
           ,
           no
           man
           would
           put
           on
           a
           
             form
             of
             godliness
          
           that
           were
           destitute
           of
           
             the
             power
             of
             it
          
           ;
           we
           should
           do
           nothing
           for
           the
           opinion
           of
           others
           ,
           but
           all
           with
           regard
           to
           God
           and
           
           our
           own
           Consciences
           ;
           and
           be
           as
           curious
           of
           our
           thoughts
           ,
           and
           most
           retir'd
           actions
           ,
           as
           if
           we
           were
           in
           an
           open
           theatre
           and
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           the
           greatest
           assembly
           .
           For
           in
           the
           next
           life
           men
           shall
           not
           be
           rewarded
           for
           what
           they
           seem'd
           to
           be
           ,
           but
           for
           what
           they
           really
           were
           in
           this
           world
           .
           Therefore
           whatever
           we
           think
           ,
           or
           speak
           ,
           or
           do
           ,
           we
           should
           always
           remember
           that
           the
           day
           of
           revelation
           is
           coming
           ,
           when
           the
           secrets
           of
           all
           hearts
           shall
           be
           disclos'd
           ,
           when
           all
           disguises
           shall
           be
           laid
           aside
           ,
           and
           every
           ones
           mask
           shall
           be
           taken
           off
           ,
           and
           all
           our
           actions
           and
           designs
           shall
           be
           brought
           upon
           the
           publick
           stage
           and
           expos'd
           to
           the
           view
           of
           men
           and
           Angels
           .
           
             There
             is
             nothing
          
           now
           
             hidden
             which
             shall
             not
          
           then
           
             be
             reveal'd
             ,
             nor
             secret
             which
             shall
             not
             be
             made
             known
             .
          
        
         
           5.
           
           To
           arm
           us
           against
           the
           fears
           of
           death
           .
           Death
           is
           terrible
           to
           nature
           ,
           and
           the
           terrour
           of
           it
           is
           infinitely
           encreas'd
           by
           the
           fearful
           apprehensions
           of
           what
           may
           follow
           it
           .
           But
           the
           comfortable
           hopes
           of
           a
           blessed
           immortality
           do
           strangely
           relieve
           the
           fainting
           spirits
           of
           dying
           men
           ,
           and
           are
           able
           to
           reconcile
           us
           to
           death
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           great
           measure
           to
           take
           away
           the
           terror
           of
           it
           .
           I
           know
           that
           the
           thoughts
           of
           death
           are
           dismal
           even
           to
           good
           men
           ,
           and
           we
           have
           never
           more
           need
           of
           comfort
           and
           encouragement
           than
           when
           we
           are
           conflicting
           with
           this
           last
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           there
           is
           no
           such
           comfortable
           consideration
           to
           a
           dying
           man
           as
           the
           hopes
           of
           a
           happy
           eternity
           .
           He
           that
           looks
           upon
           death
           onely
           as
           a
           passage
           to
           glory
           ,
           may
           welcome
           the
           messengers
           of
           it
           as
           bringing
           him
           the
           best
           and
           most
           joyful
           news
           that
           ever
           came
           to
           him
           in
           his
           whole
           life
           ,
           and
           no
           man
           can
           stay
           behind
           in
           this
           world
           with
           half
           the
           comfort
           that
           this
           man
           leaves
           it
           .
        
         
           And
           now
           I
           have
           done
           with
           the
           two
           things
           implyed
           in
           this
           phrase
           ,
           of
           
             having
             our
             conversation
             in
             heaven
             ,
             viz.
          
           the
           serious
           thoughts
           and
           considerations
           of
           heaven
           ,
           
           and
           the
           effect
           of
           these
           thoughts
           and
           considerations
           upon
           our
           hearts
           and
           lives
           .
        
         
           I
           crave
           your
           patience
           but
           a
           little
           longer
           ,
           till
           I
           make
           some
           reflection
           upon
           what
           hath
           been
           deliver'd
           concerning
           the
           happiness
           of
           good
           men
           after
           this
           life
           .
           I
           have
           told
           you
           that
           it
           is
           incomparably
           beyond
           any
           happiness
           of
           this
           world
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           great
           in
           it self
           ,
           and
           eternal
           in
           its
           duration
           ,
           and
           far
           above
           any
           thing
           that
           we
           can
           now
           conceive
           or
           imagine
           .
           And
           now
           after
           all
           this
           ,
           I
           am
           very
           sensible
           how
           much
           all
           that
           I
           have
           said
           comes
           short
           of
           the
           greatness
           and
           dignity
           of
           the
           thing
           ▪
           So
           that
           I
           could
           almost
           begin
           again
           and
           make
           a
           new
           attempt
           upon
           this
           subject
           .
           And
           indeed
           who
           would
           not
           be
           loth
           to
           be
           taken
           off
           from
           so
           delightfull
           an
           argument
           ?
           Methinks
           't
           is
           good
           for
           us
           to
           be
           here
           ,
           and
           to
           let
           our
           minds
           dwell
           upon
           these
           considerations
           .
           We
           are
           unworthy
           of
           heaven
           and
           unfit
           to
           partake
           of
           so
           great
           a
           glory
           ,
           if
           we
           cannot
           take
           pleasure
           in
           the
           contemplation
           of
           those
           things
           now
           the
           possession
           whereof
           shall
           be
           our
           happiness
           for
           ever
           .
        
         
           With
           what
           joy
           then
           should
           we
           think
           of
           those
           
             great
             and
             glorious
             things
             which
             God
             hath
             prepar'd
             for
             them
             that
             love
             him
             ,
             of
             that
             inheritance
             incorruptible
             ,
             undefil'd
             ,
             which
             fadeth
             not
             away
             ,
             reserv'd
             for
             us
             in
             the
             heavens
             ?
          
           How
           should
           we
           welcome
           the
           thoughts
           of
           that
           happy
           hour
           when
           we
           shall
           make
           our
           escape
           out
           of
           these
           prisons
           ,
           when
           we
           shall
           pass
           out
           
             of
             this
             howling
             wilderness
          
           into
           
             the
             promis'd
             Land
          
           ,
           when
           we
           shall
           be
           remov'd
           from
           all
           the
           troubles
           and
           temptations
           of
           a
           wicked
           and
           ill-natured
           world
           ;
           when
           we
           shall
           be
           past
           all
           storms
           ,
           and
           secur'd
           from
           all
           further
           danger
           of
           shipwreck
           ,
           and
           shall
           be
           safely
           landed
           in
           the
           regions
           of
           bliss
           and
           immortality
           ?
        
         
           O
           blessed
           time
           !
           
             When
             all
             tears
             shall
             be
             wiped
             from
             our
             eyes
             ,
          
           and
           
             death
             and
             sorrow
             shall
             be
             no
             more
          
           ;
           When
           mortality
           shall
           
             be
             swallowed
             up
             of
             life
          
           ,
           and
           we
           shall
           
           enter
           upon
           the
           possession
           of
           all
           that
           happiness
           and
           glory
           which
           God
           hath
           promis'd
           ,
           and
           our
           faith
           hath
           believ'd
           ,
           and
           our
           hopes
           have
           rais'd
           us
           to
           the
           expectation
           of
           ;
           when
           we
           shall
           be
           eas'd
           of
           all
           our
           pains
           ,
           and
           resolv'd
           of
           all
           our
           doubts
           ,
           and
           be
           purg'd
           from
           all
           our
           sins
           ,
           and
           be
           free'd
           from
           all
           our
           fears
           ,
           and
           be
           happy
           beyond
           all
           our
           hopes
           ,
           and
           have
           all
           the
           happiness
           secur'd
           to
           us
           beyond
           the
           power
           of
           time
           and
           change
           :
           When
           we
           shall
           know
           God
           and
           other
           things
           without
           study
           ,
           and
           love
           him
           and
           one
           another
           without
           measure
           ,
           and
           serve
           and
           praise
           him
           without
           weariness
           ,
           and
           obey
           his
           will
           without
           the
           least
           reluctancy
           ;
           and
           shall
           still
           be
           more
           and
           more
           delighted
           in
           the
           knowing
           ,
           and
           loving
           ,
           and
           praising
           ,
           and
           obeying
           of
           God
           to
           all
           eternity
           .
        
         
           How
           should
           these
           thoughts
           affect
           our
           hearts
           ,
           and
           what
           a
           mighty
           influence
           ought
           they
           to
           have
           upon
           our
           lives
           ?
           The
           great
           disadvantage
           of
           the
           arguments
           fetch'd
           from
           another
           world
           is
           this
           ,
           that
           those
           things
           are
           at
           a
           great
           distance
           from
           us
           ,
           and
           not
           sensible
           to
           us
           ;
           and
           therefore
           are
           not
           apt
           to
           affect
           us
           to
           strongly
           ,
           and
           to
           work
           so
           powerfully
           upon
           us
           .
           Now
           to
           make
           amends
           for
           this
           disadvantage
           we
           should
           often
           revive
           these
           considerations
           upon
           our
           mind
           ,
           and
           inculcate
           upon
           our selves
           the
           reality
           and
           certainty
           of
           these
           things
           together
           with
           the
           infinite
           weight
           and
           importance
           of
           them
           .
           We
           should
           reason
           thus
           with
           our selves
           ;
           If
           good
           men
           shall
           be
           so
           unspeakably
           happy
           ,
           and
           consequently
           wicked
           men
           so
           extreamly
           miserable
           in
           another
           world
           :
           If
           these
           things
           be
           true
           and
           will
           one
           day
           be
           found
           to
           be
           so
           ,
           why
           should
           they
           not
           be
           to
           me
           as
           if
           they
           were
           already
           present
           ?
           why
           should
           not
           I
           be
           as
           much
           afraid
           to
           commit
           any
           sin
           as
           if
           Hell
           were
           naked
           before
           me
           ,
           and
           I
           saw
           the
           astonishing
           miseries
           of
           the
           damned
           ?
           and
           why
           should
           I
           not
           be
           as
           careful
           to
           serve
           God
           and
           keep
           his
           commandments
           ,
           as
           if
           Heaven
           were
           open
           to
           my
           view
           ,
           and
           I
           saw
           Jesus
           standing
           at
           the
           
           right
           hand
           of
           God
           with
           crowns
           of
           glory
           in
           his
           hand
           ready
           to
           be
           set
           upon
           the
           heads
           of
           all
           those
           who
           continue
           faithfull
           to
           him
           ?
        
         
           The
           lively
           apprehensions
           of
           the
           nearness
           of
           death
           and
           eternity
           are
           apt
           to
           make
           mens
           thoughts
           more
           quick
           and
           piercing
           ,
           and
           according
           as
           we
           think
           our selves
           prepar'd
           for
           our
           future
           state
           to
           transport
           us
           with
           joy
           ,
           or
           to
           amaze
           us
           with
           horrour
           .
           For
           the
           soul
           that
           is
           fully
           satisfi'd
           of
           his
           future
           bliss
           is
           already
           entred
           into
           heaven
           ,
           has
           begun
           to
           take
           possession
           of
           glory
           ,
           and
           has
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           his
           blessed
           Saviour
           in
           his
           arms
           ,
           and
           may
           say
           with
           old
           
             Simeon
             ,
             Lord
             now
             lettest
             thou
             thy
             servant
             depart
             in
             peace
             ,
             for
             mine
             eyes
             have
             seen
             thy
             salvation
             .
          
           But
           the
           thoughts
           of
           death
           must
           needs
           be
           very
           terrible
           to
           that
           man
           who
           is
           doubtfull
           or
           despairing
           of
           his
           future
           condition
           .
           It
           would
           daunt
           the
           stoutest
           man
           that
           ever
           breathed
           ,
           to
           look
           upon
           death
           when
           he
           can
           see
           nothing
           but
           hell
           beyond
           it
           .
           When
           the
           Apparition
           at
           Endor
           told
           
             Saul
             ,
             to
             morrow
             thou
             and
             thy
             Sons
             shall
             be
             with
             me
             ,
          
           these
           words
           struck
           him
           to
           the
           heart
           ,
           so
           that
           
             he
             fell
             down
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             and
             there
             was
             no
             more
             strength
             left
             in
             him
             .
          
           It
           is
           as
           certain
           that
           we
           shall
           die
           as
           if
           an
           express
           messenger
           should
           come
           to
           every
           one
           of
           us
           from
           the
           other
           world
           and
           tell
           us
           so
           .
           Why
           should
           we
           not
           then
           always
           live
           as
           those
           that
           must
           die
           ,
           and
           as
           those
           that
           hope
           to
           be
           happy
           after
           death
           ?
           To
           have
           these
           apprehensions
           vigorous
           and
           lively
           upon
           our
           minds
           this
           is
           
             to
             have
             our
             conversation
             in
             heaven
             ,
             from
             whence
             also
             we
             look
             for
             a
             Saviour
             ,
             the
             Lord
             Jesus
             Christ
             ,
             who
             shall
             change
             our
             vile
             body
             that
             it
             may
             be
             fashioned
             like
             unto
             his
             glorious
             body
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             working
             of
             that
             mighty
             power
             whereby
             he
             is
             able
             even
             to
             subdue
             all
             things
             to
             himself
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           Books
           Writ
           by
           his
           Grace
           JOHN
           ,
           Late
           Lord
           Arch-Bishop
           of
           Canterbury
           .
        
         
           FOrty
           Two
           Sermons
           and
           Discourses
           upon
           several
           Occasions
           ,
           most
           at
           Court
           ;
           in
           Four
           Vol.
           8
           vo
           .
        
         
           The
           Rule
           of
           Faith
           :
           Or
           ,
           An
           Answer
           to
           the
           Treatise
           of
           Mr.
           
             J.
             Sergeant
          
           ,
           &c.
           8
           vo
           .
        
         
           Six
           Sermons
           concerning
           the
           Divinity
           and
           Incarnation
           of
           our
           Blessed
           Saviour
           ;
           Of
           the
           Sacrifice
           and
           Satisfaction
           of
           Christ
           ;
           and
           of
           the
           Unity
           of
           the
           Divine
           Nature
           ,
           and
           the
           B.
           Trinity
           ,
           &c.
           against
           the
           
             Socinians
             ,
             8
             vo
          
           .
        
         
           Six
           Sermons
           ,
           (
           newly
           Printed
           )
           one
           concerning
           Resolution
           and
           Stedfastness
           in
           Religion
           ;
           One
           of
           Family
           Religion
           ;
           Three
           of
           Education
           of
           Children
           ;
           and
           One
           of
           the
           Advantages
           of
           an
           Early
           Piety
           ,
           8
           vo
           .
           Now
           Re-Printing
           in
           12
           mo
           .
        
         
           A
           Perswasive
           to
           frequent
           Communion
           in
           the
           Sacrament
           of
           the
           Lords
           Supper
           ,
           8
           vo
           .
           alone
           stitcht
           ,
           price
           3
           d.
           or
           in
           12
           mo
           .
           bound
           ,
           price
           6
           d.
           
        
         
           A
           Discourse
           against
           Transubstantiation
           ,
           8
           vo
           .
           alone
           price
           3
           d.
           stitcht
           .
        
         
           The
           Exact
           Effigies
           of
           His
           Grace
           John
           Late
           Lord
           Arch-Bishop
           of
           Canterbury
           ;
           on
           a
           Large
           Sheet
           of
           Paper
           Curiously
           Engraven
           by
           
             R.
             White
          
           ,
           Price
           12
           d.
           
        
         
           All
           Printed
           for
           
             B.
             Aylmer
          
           and
           
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           .