Select observations of the incomparable Sir Walter Raleigh relating to trade, commerce, and coin, as it was presented to King James : wherein is proved that our money, our sea and land commodities serve to enrich and strengthen other countries against our own ...
         Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.
      
       
         
           1696
        
      
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             Select observations of the incomparable Sir Walter Raleigh relating to trade, commerce, and coin, as it was presented to King James : wherein is proved that our money, our sea and land commodities serve to enrich and strengthen other countries against our own ...
             Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.
          
           [3], 12 p.
           
             Printed for J.S., and are to be sold by R. Baldwin ...,
             London :
             1696.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Great Britain -- Commerce.
        
      
    
     
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           SELECT
           OBSERVATIONS
           Of
           the
           Incomparable
           Sir
           Walter
           Raleigh
           ,
           Relating
           to
           Trade
           ,
           Commerce
           ,
           and
           Coin.
           As
           it
           was
           Presented
           to
           KING
           JAMES
           .
        
         
           Wherein
           is
           Proved
           ;
           That
           Our
           Money
           ,
           our
           Sea
           and
           Land
           Commodities
           ,
           serve
           to
           Enrich
           and
           Strengthen
           other
           Countries
           against
           Our
           OWN
           .
        
         
           With
           other
           Matters
           of
           the
           highest
           Moment
           for
           the
           Publick
           Welfare
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ;
           Printed
           for
           
             J.
             S.
          
           and
           are
           to
           be
           Sold
           by
           
             R.
             Baldwin
          
           ,
           near
           Oxford-Arms-Inn
           in
           Warwick-lane
           ,
           MDCXCVI
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           Preface
           to
           the
           Reader
           .
        
         
           THE
           Worth
           and
           Excellency
           of
           these
           Learned
           Observations
           ,
           are
           such
           ,
           that
           't
           is
           wisht
           they
           were
           treasur'd
           up
           in
           the
           Breast
           and
           Memory
           of
           our
           Grave
           Senators
           ,
           being
           a
           Subject
           worthy
           of
           their
           profound
           Consideration
           ,
           and
           a
           Jewel
           of
           far
           greater
           Value
           in
           the
           English
           Crown
           ,
           than
           the
           whole
           Produce
           of
           the
           Indies
           .
           The
           Name
           of
           the
           Author
           stamps
           it
           Standard
           Proof
           against
           all
           the
           efforts
           and
           false
           allays
           of
           Counterfeits
           ,
           who
           slily
           ,
           under
           the
           Masque
           of
           Publick
           Service
           ,
           have
           insinuated
           their
           gilded
           Notions
           ,
           and
           Essayed
           to
           make
           their
           Sophistical
           Positions
           ,
           pass
           for
           Current
           Reason
           .
           'T
           is
           for
           this
           cause
           that
           now
           this
           Incomparable
           Author
           interposes
           ,
           whom
           the
           World
           knows
           to
           have
           been
           free
           from
           Partiality
           and
           Self-interest
           ;
           and
           that
           what
           he
           then
           advised
           ,
           was
           from
           unfeigned
           Sincerity
           of
           Heart
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           love
           he
           bore
           to
           his
           King
           and
           Country
           ,
           and
           grounded
           on
           the
           unerring
           Rules
           of
           Experience
           ;
           the
           Truth
           and
           Excellency
           of
           whose
           Judgement
           ,
           is
           further
           confirmed
           by
           demonstration
           of
           almost
           a
           hundred
           Years
           additional
           Experience
           ;
           and
           the
           Non-Observance
           of
           these
           golden
           Rules
           ,
           have
           only
           made
           us
           so
           wise
           as
           to
           know
           the
           Nation
           to
           be
           in
           so
           much
           more
           a
           worse
           Condition
           than
           it
           was
           in
           his
           time
           .
        
         
           I
           write
           not
           this
           from
           a
           Belief
           ,
           that
           any
           thing
           I
           do
           ,
           will
           or
           can
           add
           an
           Attom
           to
           the
           Universally
           Celebrated
           Memory
           and
           Honour
           of
           this
           Admirable
           Person
           ,
           (
           no
           ,
           I
           have
           not
           that
           Vanity
           )
           no
           more
           than
           I
           believe
           the
           greatest
           Mome
           can
           detract
           from
           the
           Truth
           and
           Authority
           of
           his
           Positions
           .
           I
           have
           presumed
           to
           add
           some
           things
           ,
           grounded
           on
           the
           same
           Hypothesis
           ,
           relating
           to
           our
           present
           Circumstances
           ,
           wherein
           ,
           if
           I
           have
           Err'd
           ,
           I
           submit
           to
           the
           censure
           of
           better
           Judgments
           .
        
         
           
             J.
             S.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           May
           it
           Please
           Your
           MOST
           EXCELLENT
           MAJESTY
           .
        
         
           ACcording
           to
           my
           Duty
           ,
           I
           am
           emboldened
           to
           put
           your
           Majesty
           in
           mind
           ,
           that
           about
           Fifteen
           Years
           past
           ,
           I
           presented
           you
           a
           Book
           of
           such
           Extraordinary
           Importance
           ,
           for
           the
           Honour
           and
           Profit
           of
           your
           Majesty
           and
           Posterity
           ;
           and
           doubting
           that
           it
           hath
           been
           laid
           aside
           and
           not
           consider'd
           of
           ,
           I
           am
           Encourag'd
           (
           under
           your
           Majesties
           Pardon
           )
           to
           present
           unto
           you
           one
           more
           ,
           consisting
           of
           Five
           Propositions
           :
           Neither
           are
           they
           grounded
           upon
           vain
           or
           idle
           Grounds
           ,
           but
           upon
           the
           Fruition
           of
           those
           wonderful
           Blessings
           wherewith
           God
           hath
           endued
           Your
           Majesty's
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           by
           which
           means
           ,
           you
           may
           not
           only
           enrich
           and
           fill
           your
           Coffers
           ,
           but
           also
           encrease
           such
           Might
           and
           Strength
           (
           as
           shall
           appear
           ,
           if
           it
           may
           stand
           with
           your
           Majesties
           good
           liking
           to
           put
           the
           same
           in
           Execution
           in
           the
           true
           and
           right
           Form
           :
           )
           So
           that
           there
           is
           no
           doubt
           but
           it
           will
           make
           you
           in
           short
           time
           a
           Prince
           of
           such
           Power
           ,
           and
           so
           Great
           ,
           as
           shall
           make
           all
           the
           Princes
           your
           Neighbours
           ,
           as
           well
           glad
           of
           your
           Friendship
           ,
           as
           fearful
           to
           Offend
           you
           .
           That
           this
           is
           so
           ,
           I
           humbly
           desire
           that
           Your
           Majesty
           will
           vouchsafe
           to
           peruse
           this
           Advertisement
           with
           that
           Care
           and
           Judgment
           which
           God
           hath
           given
           you
           .
        
         
           Most
           humbly
           praying
           your
           Majesty
           ,
           that
           whereas
           I
           presented
           these
           Five
           Propositions
           together
           ,
           as
           in
           their
           own
           Natures
           ,
           jointly
           depending
           one
           of
           another
           ,
           and
           so
           linked
           together
           ,
           as
           the
           Destruction
           of
           any
           one
           will
           be
           an
           apparent
           Maim
           and
           disabling
           to
           the
           rest
           ;
           That
           Your
           Majesty
           would
           be
           pleased
           that
           they
           may
           not
           be
           separated
           ,
           but
           all
           handled
           together
           jointly
           and
           severally
           by
           Commissioners
           ,
           with
           as
           much
           speed
           and
           secrecy
           as
           can
           be
           ,
           and
           made
           fit
           to
           be
           reported
           to
           Your
           Majesty
           ,
           whereby
           I
           may
           be
           the
           better
           able
           to
           perform
           to
           Your
           Majesty
           that
           which
           I
           have
           promised
           and
           will
           perform
           upon
           my
           Life
           ,
           if
           I
           be
           not
           prevented
           by
           some
           that
           may
           seek
           to
           hinder
           the
           Honour
           and
           Profit
           of
           Your
           Majesty
           ,
           for
           their
           own
           private
           Ends.
           
        
         
           The
           true
           Ground
           ,
           Course
           and
           Form
           herein
           mentioned
           ,
           shall
           make
           appear
           how
           other
           Countries
           make
           themselves
           Powerful
           and
           Rich
           in
           all
           kinds
           ,
           by
           Merchandize
           ,
           Manufactory
           ,
           and
           fulness
           of
           Trade
           ,
           having
           no
           Commodities
           in
           their
           own
           Country
           growing
           to
           do
           it
           withal
           .
           And
           herein
           likewise
           shall
           appear
           how
           easie
           't
           is
           to
           draw
           the
           Wealth
           and
           Strength
           of
           other
           Countries
           to
           your
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           what
           Royal
           ,
           Rich
           ,
           and
           plentiful
           Means
           God
           hath
           given
           this
           Land
           to
           do
           it
           (
           which
           cannot
           be
           denied
           )
           for
           support
           of
           Traffick
           and
           Continual
           Employment
           of
           your
           People
           ,
           for
           Replenishing
           of
           your
           Majesties
           Coffers
           :
           And
           if
           I
           were
           not
           fully
           assur'd
           to
           Improve
           your
           Native
           Commodities
           ,
           with
           other
           Traffick
           ,
           Three
           Millions
           of
           Pounds
           more
           Yearly
           than
           now
           they
           are
           ,
           and
           to
           bring
           not
           only
           to
           your
           Majesties
           Coffers
           within
           the
           space
           of
           two
           or
           three
           Years
           ,
           near
           Two
           Millions
           of
           Pounds
           ,
           but
           to
           encrease
           your
           Revenues
           many
           Thousands
           Yearly
           ,
           and
           to
           please
           and
           greatly
           profit
           your
           People
           ,
           I
           would
           not
           have
           undertaken
           so
           great
           a
           Work
           ;
           All
           which
           will
           grow
           by
           Advancement
           of
           all
           kind
           of
           Merchandizing
           to
           the
           uttermost
           ,
           thereby
           to
           bring
           Manufactory
           into
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           to
           set
           on
           Work
           all
           sorts
           of
           People
           in
           the
           Realm
           ,
           as
           other
           Nations
           do
           ,
           which
           raise
           their
           Greatness
           by
           abundance
           of
           Your
           Native
           Commodities
           ,
           whilst
           we
           are
           Parling
           and
           Disputing
           whether
           it
           be
           good
           for
           us
           ,
           or
           not
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           May
           it
           Please
           Your
           most
           Excellent
           Majesty
           .
        
         
           I
           Have
           diligently
           ,
           in
           my
           Travels
           observed
           how
           the
           Countries
           herein
           mentioned
           do
           grow
           Potent
           ,
           with
           abundance
           of
           all
           things
           to
           serve
           themselves
           and
           other
           Nations
           ,
           where
           nothing
           groweth
           ,
           and
           that
           their
           never
           dried
           Fountains
           of
           Wealth
           ,
           by
           which
           they
           raise
           their
           State
           to
           such
           an
           admirable
           Height
           ,
           as
           that
           they
           are
           at
           this
           day
           even
           the
           Wonder
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           proceedeth
           from
           your
           Majesties
           Seas
           and
           Lands
           .
        
         
           I
           thus
           moved
           ,
           began
           to
           dive
           into
           the
           depth
           of
           their
           Policies
           ,
           and
           circumventing
           Practices
           ,
           whereby
           they
           drain
           ,
           and
           still
           covet
           to
           Exhaust
           the
           Wealth
           and
           Coin
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           so
           with
           our
           own
           Commodities
           to
           weaken
           us
           ,
           and
           finally
           beat
           us
           quite
           out
           of
           Trading
           in
           other
           Countries
           ;
           I
           found
           that
           they
           more
           fully
           obtained
           these
           their
           purposes
           by
           their
           convenient
           Privileges
           ,
           and
           settled
           Constitutions
           ,
           than
           England
           with
           all
           the
           Laws
           and
           super-abundance
           of
           home-bred
           Commodities
           ,
           which
           God
           hath
           vouchsafed
           your
           Sea
           and
           Land
           :
           And
           these
           ,
           and
           others
           mentioned
           in
           this
           Book
           ,
           are
           the
           urgent
           Causes
           that
           provoke
           me
           in
           my
           Love
           and
           bounden
           Duty
           to
           your
           Majesty
           and
           my
           Country
           ,
           to
           address
           my
           former
           Book
           to
           your
           Princely
           Hands
           and
           Consideration
           .
        
         
           By
           which
           Privileges
           they
           draw
           multitudes
           of
           Merchants
           to
           Trade
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           many
           other
           Nations
           to
           Inhabit
           amongst
           them
           ,
           which
           makes
           them
           populous
           ,
           and
           there
           they
           make
           Store-houses
           of
           all
           Foreign
           Commodities
           ,
           wherewith
           upon
           every
           Occasion
           of
           Scarcity
           and
           Dearth
           ,
           they
           are
           able
           to
           furnish
           Foreign
           Countries
           with
           plenty
           of
           those
           Commodities
           ,
           which
           before
           in
           time
           of
           plenty
           they
           Ingrossed
           and
           brought
           home
           from
           the
           same
           places
           ,
           which
           doth
           greatly
           augment
           Power
           and
           Treasure
           to
           their
           State
           ,
           besides
           the
           Common
           Good
           in
           setting
           their
           Poor
           ,
           and
           People
           on
           Work.
           
        
         
           To
           which
           Privileges
           ,
           they
           add
           sinallness
           of
           Custom
           ,
           and
           liberty
           of
           Trade
           ,
           which
           maketh
           them
           flourish
           and
           their
           Country
           so
           plentiful
           of
           all
           kind
           of
           Coin
           and
           Commodities
           ,
           where
           little
           or
           nothing
           groweth
           ,
           and
           their
           Merchants
           so
           flourish
           ,
           that
           when
           a
           loss
           cometh
           they
           scarce
           feel
           it
           .
        
         
           To
           bring
           this
           to
           pass
           they
           have
           many
           advantages
           of
           us
           ,
           the
           one
           is
           by
           their
           fashioned
           Ships
           called
           Boyers
           ,
           Hoy-barks
           ,
           Hoys
           ,
           and
           others
           that
           are
           made
           to
           hold
           great
           bulk
           of
           Merchandize
           ,
           and
           to
           sail
           with
           a
           few
           Men
           for
           profit
           ;
           for
           Example
           ,
           tho'
           an
           English
           Ship
           of
           200
           Tuns
           ,
           and
           a
           Holland
           Ship
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           of
           the
           States
           of
           the
           same
           burthen
           be
           at
           Dantzick
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           place
           beyond
           the
           Seas
           ,
           or
           in
           England
           ,
           they
           do
           serve
           the
           Merchant
           better
           cheap
           by
           one
           hundred
           pounds
           in
           his
           Freight
           ,
           than
           we
           can
           ,
           by
           reason
           he
           hath
           but
           nine
           or
           ten
           Mariners
           ,
           and
           we
           near
           thirty
           ;
           thus
           he
           saveth
           twenty
           Mens
           Meat
           and
           Wages
           in
           a
           Voyage
           ,
           and
           so
           in
           all
           other
           Ships
           according
           to
           their
           Burthen
           ;
           by
           which
           means
           they
           are
           Freighted
           wheresoever
           they
           come
           ,
           to
           great
           profit
           ,
           whilst
           our
           Ships
           lye
           still
           and
           decay
           ,
           or
           go
           to
           New-Castle
           for
           Coals
           .
        
         
           Of
           this
           their
           smallness
           of
           Custom
           inwards
           and
           outwards
           ,
           we
           have
           daily
           experience
           :
           For
           if
           two
           English
           Ships
           ,
           or
           two
           of
           any
           other
           Nation
           be
           at
           Burdeaux
           ,
           both
           laden
           with
           Winc
           ,
           of
           300
           Tuns
           apiece
           ,
           the
           one
           bound
           for
           Holland
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           the
           other
           for
           England
           ,
           the
           Merchant
           shall
           pay
           about
           900
           l.
           Custom
           here
           ,
           and
           other
           Duties
           ,
           when
           the
           other
           in
           Holland
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           of
           the
           States
           ,
           shall
           be
           Cleared
           for
           less
           than
           50
           l.
           and
           so
           in
           all
           other
           Wares
           and
           Merchandizes
           accordingly
           ,
           which
           draws
           all
           Nations
           to
           Traffick
           with
           them
           :
           And
           altho'
           it
           seems
           but
           small
           Duties
           which
           they
           receive
           ,
           yet
           the
           multitudes
           of
           all
           kind
           of
           Commodities
           that
           is
           brought
           in
           by
           themselves
           and
           others
           ,
           and
           carried
           out
           by
           themselves
           and
           others
           ,
           is
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           they
           receive
           more
           Custom
           and
           Duties
           to
           the
           State
           ,
           by
           the
           greatness
           of
           their
           Commerce
           in
           one
           Year
           ,
           than
           England
           doth
           in
           two
           Years
           ;
           for
           the
           one
           hundredth
           part
           of
           Commodities
           are
           not
           spent
           in
           Holland
           ,
           but
           vented
           into
           other
           Countries
           ,
           which
           maketh
           all
           the
           Country
           Merchants
           ,
           to
           buy
           and
           sell
           and
           encrease
           Ships
           and
           Mariners
           to
           transport
           them
           .
        
         
           My
           Travels
           and
           Meaning
           is
           not
           to
           diminish
           (
           neither
           hath
           been
           )
           Your
           Majesties
           Revenues
           ,
           but
           exceedingly
           to
           encrease
           them
           ,
           as
           shall
           appear
           ,
           and
           yet
           please
           the
           People
           ,
           as
           in
           other
           Parts
           they
           do
           .
        
         
           Notwithstanding
           their
           Excizes
           bring
           them
           in
           great
           Revenues
           ,
           yet
           whosoever
           will
           adventure
           to
           Burdeaux
           ,
           but
           for
           six
           Tun
           of
           Wine
           ,
           shall
           be
           free
           of
           Excize
           in
           his
           own
           House
           all
           the
           Year
           long
           ;
           and
           this
           is
           done
           on
           purpose
           to
           animate
           and
           encrease
           Merchants
           in
           their
           Country
           .
        
         
           And
           if
           it
           hap
           pen
           that
           a
           Trade
           be
           stopt
           by
           any
           Foreign
           Nation
           ,
           which
           they
           heretofore
           
           usually
           had
           ,
           or
           hear
           of
           any
           good
           Trading
           ,
           which
           they
           never
           had
           ,
           they
           will
           hinder
           others
           ,
           and
           seek
           either
           by
           Favour
           ,
           Money
           ,
           or
           Force
           ,
           to
           open
           the
           Gap
           of
           Traffick
           for
           Advancement
           of
           Trade
           amongst
           themselves
           ,
           and
           Employment
           of
           their
           People
           .
        
         
           And
           when
           there
           is
           a
           New
           Course
           or
           Trade
           erected
           ,
           they
           give
           free
           Custom
           inwards
           and
           outwards
           ,
           for
           the
           better
           Maintenance
           of
           Navigation
           ,
           and
           Encouragement
           of
           the
           People
           to
           that
           Business
           .
        
         
           Thus
           They
           and
           Others
           glean
           the
           Wealth
           and
           Strength
           from
           us
           to
           themselves
           ;
           and
           these
           Reasons
           following
           procure
           them
           this
           Advantage
           of
           us
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           Merchant-Staplers
           ,
           which
           make
           all
           things
           in
           abundance
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           Store-Houses
           continually
           replenish'd
           with
           all
           kinds
           of
           Commodities
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           The
           Liberty
           of
           free
           Traffick
           for
           Strangers
           to
           Buy
           and
           Sell
           in
           Holland
           ,
           and
           other
           Countries
           and
           States
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           Free-born
           ,
           maketh
           great
           Intercourse
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           The
           small
           Duties
           levied
           upon
           Merchants
           ,
           draw
           all
           Nations
           to
           trade
           with
           them
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           Their
           fashion'd
           Ships
           continually
           freighted
           before
           ours
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           few
           Mariners
           ,
           and
           great
           Bulk
           ,
           serving
           the
           Merchant
           cheap
           .
        
         
           5.
           
           Their
           Encouragement
           to
           further
           all
           manner
           of
           Trading
           .
        
         
           6.
           
           Their
           wonderful
           Employment
           of
           their
           Busses
           for
           Fishing
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           Returns
           they
           make
           .
        
         
           7.
           
           Their
           giving
           free
           Custom
           inwards
           and
           outwards
           ,
           for
           any
           new
           erected
           Trade
           ,
           by
           means
           whereof
           they
           have
           already
           engrossed
           almost
           the
           sole
           Trade
           of
           Europe
           into
           their
           hands
           ,
           and
           have
           daily
           since
           this
           Worthy
           Author
           made
           these
           Observations
           ,
           made
           further
           Encroachments
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           enriching
           of
           their
           State.
           
        
         
           Furthermore
           all
           Nations
           may
           buy
           and
           sell
           freely
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           there
           is
           free
           Custom
           outward
           twice
           or
           thrice
           in
           a
           Year
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           our
           Merchants
           themselves
           do
           make
           their
           great
           Sales
           of
           English
           Commodities
           ,
           and
           do
           buy
           and
           lede
           their
           great
           bulk
           of
           French
           Commodities
           to
           serve
           for
           the
           whole
           Year
           ;
           and
           in
           Rochel
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           in
           Britany
           ,
           free
           Custom
           all
           the
           Year
           long
           ,
           except
           some
           small
           Toll
           ,
           which
           makes
           great
           Traffick
           ,
           and
           makes
           them
           Flourish
           .
        
         
           In
           Denmark
           to
           encourage
           and
           enrich
           the
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           to
           encrease
           Shipping
           and
           Mariners
           ,
           grant
           free
           Custom
           all
           the
           Year
           long
           for
           their
           own
           Merchants
           ,
           except
           one
           Month
           between
           Bartholomew-Tide
           and
           Michaelmass
           .
        
         
           The
           Haunce
           Towns
           have
           advantage
           of
           us
           ,
           as
           Holland
           ,
           and
           other
           States
           have
           ,
           and
           in
           most
           things
           imitate
           them
           ,
           which
           makes
           them
           exceeding
           Rich
           and
           Plentiful
           of
           all
           kind
           of
           Commodities
           and
           Coin
           ,
           and
           so
           strong
           in
           Shipping
           and
           Mariners
           ,
           that
           some
           of
           their
           Towns
           have
           near
           one
           Thousand
           Sail
           of
           Ships
           .
        
         
           The
           Merchandizes
           of
           
             France
             ,
             Portugal
             ,
             Spain
             ,
             Italy
             ,
             Turky
             ,
          
           East
           and
           West
           
             Indies
             ,
             England
          
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           are
           transported
           most
           by
           the
           Hollanders
           and
           other
           States
           into
           the
           East
           and
           North-East
           Kingdoms
           of
           
             Pomerania
             ,
             Spruceland
             ,
             Poland
             ,
             Denmark
             ,
             Norway
             ,
             Sweedland
             ,
             Leifland
             ,
          
           and
           most
           places
           of
           
             Germany
             ,
             Russia
             ,
             &c.
          
           
           And
           the
           Merchandizes
           brought
           from
           these
           Kingdoms
           and
           Provinces
           ,
           being
           wonderful
           many
           ,
           are
           likewise
           by
           the
           Hollanders
           and
           the
           other
           States
           most
           Transported
           into
           the
           Southern
           and
           Western
           Dominions
           ,
           as
           
             France
             ,
             Spain
             ,
             Italy
             ,
             Portugal
             ,
             England
             ,
             Ireland
             ,
          
           &c.
           and
           yet
           the
           Situation
           of
           England
           lieth
           far
           better
           for
           a
           Store-House
           to
           serve
           the
           South-East
           and
           North-East
           Kingdoms
           ,
           than
           theirs
           doth
           ,
           and
           hath
           far
           better
           Means
           to
           do
           it
           ,
           if
           we
           will
           apply
           our selves
           to
           it
           .
        
         
           No
           sooner
           a
           Dearth
           of
           Fish
           ,
           Wine
           ,
           or
           Corn
           here
           ,
           and
           other
           Merchandize
           ,
           but
           forthwith
           the
           
             Embdeners
             ,
             Hamburgers
          
           ,
           and
           Hollanders
           ,
           out
           of
           their
           Stores
           and
           Magazines
           ,
           lade
           one
           or
           two
           hundred
           Ships
           ,
           or
           more
           ,
           dispersing
           themselves
           round
           about
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           carry
           away
           great
           store
           of
           Coin
           and
           valuable
           Wealth
           ,
           as
           is
           our
           Lead
           and
           Tin
           ,
           &c.
           for
           little
           Commodity
           in
           those
           Times
           of
           Dearth
           ,
           by
           which
           means
           they
           drain
           our
           Kingdom
           of
           their
           Riches
           ,
           cut
           down
           and
           under-sell
           our
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           decay
           our
           Navigation
           ;
           but
           not
           with
           Commodities
           of
           their
           Native
           Growth
           ,
           but
           the
           Merchandizes
           of
           other
           Countries
           and
           Kingdoms
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           't
           is
           far
           more
           easie
           for
           Your
           Majesties
           Kingdom
           to
           serve
           our selves
           and
           others
           ,
           to
           Encourage
           our
           Merchants
           in
           their
           profitable
           Trading
           ,
           encrease
           our
           Shipping
           and
           Mariners
           ,
           and
           strengthen
           Your
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           not
           only
           keep
           our
           Money
           in
           our
           own
           Realm
           ,
           which
           other
           
             Nations
             still
             rob
             us
             of
          
           ,
           but
           bring
           in
           theirs
           ,
           who
           carry
           ours
           away
           ,
           and
           make
           the
           Bank
           of
           Coin
           and
           Magazines
           of
           all
           Stores
           to
           serve
           other
           Nations
           as
           well
           and
           far
           better
           cheap
           than
           they
           .
        
         
           Amsterdam
           is
           never
           without
           Seven
           Hundred
           Thousand
           Quarters
           of
           Corn
           ,
           besides
           the
           Plenty
           they
           daily
           vent
           ,
           and
           little
           or
           none
           of
           this
           groweth
           in
           their
           own
           Country
           :
           A
           Dearth
           in
           
             England
             ,
             France
             ,
             Spain
             ,
             Italy
             ,
             Portugal
             ,
          
           and
           other
           Places
           ,
           is
           truly
           observed
           to
           enrich
           Holland
           Seven
           Years
           after
           ,
           and
           likewise
           the
           petty
           States
           .
        
         
           For
           Example
           ,
           the
           last
           Dearth
           six
           Years
           past
           ,
           the
           
             Hamburgers
             ,
             Embdeners
          
           ,
           and
           Hollanders
           ,
           
           out
           of
           their
           Store
           Houses
           furnished
           this
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           from
           
             Southampton
             ,
             Exeter
          
           ,
           and
           Bristol
           ,
           in
           a
           Year
           and
           half
           they
           carried
           away
           near
           Two
           Hundred
           Thousand
           Pounds
           from
           these
           Parts
           only
           ;
           Then
           what
           great
           quantity
           of
           Coin
           was
           Transported
           round
           about
           Your
           Kingdom
           from
           every
           Port-Town
           ,
           and
           Your
           City
           of
           London
           ,
           and
           other
           Citties
           ,
           cannot
           be
           esteemed
           so
           little
           as
           two
           Millions
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           Detriment
           of
           Your
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           Impoverishment
           of
           Your
           People
           ,
           discredit
           to
           the
           Company
           of
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           great
           Dishonour
           and
           Shame
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           that
           a
           State
           that
           hath
           little
           or
           no
           Corn
           in
           it
           of
           their
           own
           Country
           Growth
           ,
           should
           serve
           this
           Famous
           and
           Plentiful
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           God
           hath
           so
           blest
           and
           enabled
           for
           the
           Support
           of
           it self
           and
           others
           .
        
         
           They
           have
           a
           continual
           Trade
           into
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           with
           five
           or
           six
           hundred
           Ships
           yearly
           (
           but
           now
           augmented
           to
           a
           far
           greater
           Number
           )
           with
           Merchandizes
           of
           other
           Countries
           and
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           store
           them
           up
           in
           their
           Magazines
           till
           the
           prices
           rise
           to
           their
           Minds
           ,
           and
           we
           Trade
           not
           with
           fifty
           Ships
           into
           their
           Country
           in
           a
           Year
           ,
           (
           and
           not
           much
           encreased
           at
           this
           time
           )
           and
           the
           same
           Number
           are
           about
           this
           Kingdom
           every
           Easterly
           Wind
           ,
           for
           the
           most
           part
           ,
           to
           lade
           Coals
           and
           other
           Merchandize
           .
           Unless
           there
           be
           a
           Scarcity
           ,
           or
           Dearth
           ,
           or
           high
           Prices
           ,
           all
           Merchants
           do
           forbear
           that
           Place
           where
           great
           Impositions
           are
           laid
           upon
           the
           Merchandize
           ,
           and
           those
           Places
           are
           slenderly
           shipt
           ,
           ill
           served
           ,
           and
           at
           dear
           Rates
           ,
           and
           oftentimes
           in
           Scarcity
           ,
           and
           want
           Employment
           for
           the
           People
           ;
           and
           those
           petty
           States
           finding
           truly
           by
           Experience
           ,
           that
           small
           Duties
           imposed
           upon
           Merchandize
           draw
           all
           Traffick
           unto
           them
           ,
           and
           free
           Liberty
           for
           Strangers
           to
           buy
           and
           sell
           doth
           make
           continual
           Mart
           ;
           therefore
           what
           Excises
           or
           Impositions
           are
           laid
           upon
           the
           Common
           People
           ,
           yet
           they
           still
           easily
           uphold
           and
           maintain
           the
           Merchants
           by
           all
           possible
           means
           ,
           of
           purpose
           to
           draw
           the
           Wealth
           and
           Strength
           of
           Christendom
           to
           themselves
           ;
           whereby
           it
           appeareth
           ,
           though
           the
           Duties
           be
           but
           small
           ,
           yet
           the
           Customs
           for
           Exportation
           and
           Importation
           do
           so
           abound
           ,
           that
           they
           greatly
           encrease
           their
           Revenues
           ,
           and
           make
           Profit
           ,
           Plenty
           and
           Employment
           of
           all
           sorts
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           to
           serve
           themselves
           and
           other
           Nations
           ,
           to
           the
           Admiration
           of
           the
           whole
           World
           :
           And
           likewise
           the
           great
           Commerce
           which
           groweth
           by
           the
           same
           means
           ,
           enableth
           the
           Common-People
           patiently
           to
           bear
           their
           Burthen
           laid
           on
           them
           ,
           who
           by
           their
           constant
           Employ
           and
           Commerce
           ,
           grow
           Rich
           even
           in
           a
           time
           War
           of
           ,
           by
           their
           convenient
           and
           encouraging
           Privileges
           ,
           and
           commodious
           Constitutions
           .
        
         
           There
           was
           an
           Intercourse
           of
           Traffick
           to
           Genoa
           ,
           and
           there
           was
           the
           Flower
           of
           Commerce
           ,
           as
           appeareth
           by
           their
           ancient
           Records
           ,
           and
           their
           sumptuous
           Buildings
           ,
           for
           all
           Nations
           Traded
           with
           Merchandize
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           there
           was
           the
           Store-house
           of
           all
           Italy
           and
           other
           places
           ;
           but
           after
           they
           had
           set
           a
           great
           Custom
           of
           16
           
             per
             Cent.
          
           all
           Nations
           left
           Trading
           with
           them
           ,
           which
           made
           them
           give
           themselves
           wholly
           to
           Usury
           ;
           and
           at
           this
           day
           we
           have
           not
           three
           Ships
           go
           thither
           in
           a
           Year
           ;
           but
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           the
           Duke
           of
           Florence
           built
           Legorn
           ,
           and
           set
           small
           Customs
           upon
           the
           Merchandize
           ,
           and
           gave
           them
           great
           and
           pleasing
           Privileges
           ,
           which
           hath
           made
           a
           rich
           and
           strong
           City
           ,
           with
           a
           flourishing
           State.
           
        
         
           Furthermore
           ,
           there
           are
           some
           Particulars
           needful
           to
           be
           consider'd
           ,
           that
           the
           greatest
           Fishing
           the
           World
           has
           produced
           ,
           is
           on
           the
           Coast
           of
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
          
           and
           Ireland
           ;
           Nevertheless
           the
           great
           Fishery
           is
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           and
           other
           petty
           States
           ,
           wherewith
           they
           serve
           themselves
           and
           all
           Christendom
           ,
           as
           shall
           appear
           .
        
         
           In
           four
           Towns
           in
           the
           East
           Kingdoms
           within
           the
           Sound
           ,
           viz.
           
             Quinbrough
             ,
             Elbing
             ,
             Stetten
          
           ,
           and
           Dantzick
           ,
           there
           are
           carried
           and
           Vented
           in
           a
           Year
           ,
           between
           Thirty
           or
           Forty
           Thousand
           Last
           of
           Herrings
           fold
           but
           at
           fifteen
           or
           sixteen
           Pounds
           the
           Last
           ,
           is
           about
           six
           hundred
           and
           Twenty
           Thousand
           Pounds
           ,
           and
           we
           none
           .
           Besides
           ,
           
             Denmark
             ,
             Norway
             ,
             Sweden
             ,
             Leifland
             ,
             Rie
             ,
             Nevil
             ,
          
           the
           Narve
           ,
           and
           other
           Port
           Towns
           within
           the
           Sound
           ,
           there
           is
           carried
           and
           vented
           above
           Ten
           thousand
           Last
           of
           Herrings
           ,
           sold
           at
           fifteen
           or
           sixteen
           Pounds
           the
           Last
           ,
           is
           a
           Hundred
           and
           sixty
           Thousand
           Pound
           more
           Yearly
           :
           In
           such
           request
           are
           our
           Herrings
           there
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           often
           Sold
           for
           20
           ,
           24
           ,
           30
           ,
           and
           36
           Pounds
           the
           last
           ,
           and
           we
           send
           not
           one
           Barrel
           into
           all
           those
           East
           Countries
           .
        
         
           The
           Hollanders
           send
           into
           Russia
           near
           fifteen
           hundred
           Lasts
           of
           Herrings
           ,
           Sold
           at
           about
           30
           Shillings
           the
           Barrel
           ,
           amounteth
           to
           Twenty
           seven
           Thousand
           Pounds
           ,
           and
           we
           but
           about
           Twenty
           or
           Thirty
           Lasts
           .
        
         
           To
           
             Stroad
             ,
             Hambrough
             ,
             Breamen
          
           ,
           and
           Embden
           ,
           upon
           the
           River
           
             Elbe
             ,
             VVeaser
          
           ,
           and
           Embs
           ,
           are
           carried
           and
           vented
           of
           Fish
           and
           Herrings
           ,
           about
           six
           Thousand
           Lasts
           ,
           Sold
           at
           about
           fifteen
           or
           sixteen
           Pounds
           the
           Last
           ,
           or
           more
           ,
           is
           a
           Hundred
           Thousand
           Pounds
           ,
           and
           we
           none
           at
           all
           .
           
             Cleaveland
             ,
             Gulickland
          
           ,
           up
           the
           River
           Rhine
           to
           
             Collen
             ,
             Frankfort
          
           ,
           on
           the
           Maine
           ,
           and
           so
           over
           all
           Germany
           ,
           is
           carried
           and
           vended
           Fish
           and
           Herrings
           near
           Twenty
           two
           Thousand
           Lasts
           ,
           Sold
           at
           20
           Pounds
           the
           Last
           ,
           is
           Four
           Hundred
           and
           Forty
           Thousand
           Pounds
           ,
           and
           we
           none
           .
        
         
           Up
           the
           River
           Maze
           to
           
             Leige
             ,
             Mastricht
             ,
             Vendlow
             ,
             Zutphen
             ,
             Davanter
             ,
             Campen
             ,
             Swoole
             ,
          
           and
           all
           over
           Liefland
           is
           carried
           and
           vented
           
           Seven
           Thousand
           Lasts
           of
           Herrings
           ,
           Sold
           at
           Twenty
           Pound
           the
           Last
           ,
           is
           a
           Hundred
           and
           Forty
           Thousand
           Pounds
           ;
           and
           we
           none
           .
        
         
           To
           
             Gilderland
             ,
             Artois
             ,
             Hanault
             ,
             Brabant
             ,
             Flanders
             ,
          
           up
           the
           River
           of
           Antwerp
           ,
           all
           over
           the
           Arch
           Dukes
           Countries
           ,
           are
           carried
           and
           vended
           between
           Eight
           or
           Nine
           Thousand
           Lasts
           ,
           Sold
           at
           eighteen
           Pounds
           the
           Last
           ,
           is
           a
           Hundred
           and
           Sixty
           Thousand
           Pounds
           ;
           and
           we
           not
           a
           half
           Penny
           worth
           .
        
         
           The
           Hollanders
           and
           others
           carried
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           Herrings
           to
           Roan
           only
           in
           one
           Year
           ,
           besides
           all
           other
           parts
           of
           France
           ,
           Fifty
           Thousand
           Lasts
           of
           Herrings
           ,
           Sold
           at
           20
           Pounds
           the
           Lasts
           ,
           is
           one
           Million
           of
           Pounds
           ;
           and
           we
           not
           one
           Hundred
           Last
           thither
           :
           They
           are
           sold
           often
           there
           for
           24
           and
           30
           Pound
           the
           Last
           .
        
         
           Between
           Christmas
           and
           Lent
           ,
           the
           Duties
           for
           Fish
           and
           Herrings
           came
           to
           Fifteen
           Thousand
           Crowns
           at
           Roan
           ,
           only
           that
           Year
           the
           late
           Queen
           deceased
           :
           Sir
           
             Thomas
             Parrie
          
           was
           then
           Agent
           there
           ,
           and
           
             S.
             Savors
          
           his
           Man
           knows
           it
           to
           be
           true
           ,
           who
           handled
           the
           business
           for
           pulling
           down
           the
           Impositions
           .
           Then
           what
           great
           Sums
           of
           Money
           came
           the
           Duties
           to
           of
           all
           his
           Port
           Towns
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           enriching
           the
           French
           Kings
           Coffers
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           great
           enrichment
           of
           many
           other
           Kings
           and
           States
           throughout
           Christendom
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           quantities
           vended
           in
           the
           Streights
           ,
           besides
           what
           is
           spent
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           amounting
           to
           many
           a
           Hundred
           Thousand
           Pounds
           Yearly
           ,
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           forgot
           ,
           and
           the
           Stream
           to
           be
           turn'd
           to
           the
           Good
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           to
           whose
           Sea-coasts
           God
           only
           hath
           sent
           and
           given
           these
           great
           Blessings
           ,
           and
           multitude
           of
           Riches
           for
           us
           to
           take
           ,
           however
           it
           hath
           thus
           long
           been
           neglected
           to
           the
           great
           Damage
           and
           dishonour
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           that
           any
           Nation
           should
           yearly
           carry
           away
           out
           of
           this
           Realm
           great
           Masses
           of
           Mony
           ,
           for
           Fish
           taken
           in
           our
           own
           Seas
           ,
           and
           Sold
           again
           by
           them
           to
           us
           ,
           which
           must
           needs
           be
           a
           great
           loss
           and
           hinderance
           to
           this
           Nation
           .
           From
           the
           Port
           Town
           of
           any
           Kingdom
           in
           Christendom
           ,
           the
           Bridgemaster
           or
           the
           Whafsinger
           for
           Twenty
           Shillings
           a
           Year
           will
           deliver
           a
           true
           Note
           of
           the
           Number
           of
           Lasts
           of
           Herrings
           brought
           to
           their
           Wharfs
           by
           us
           ,
           and
           the
           Prices
           they
           are
           Sold
           at
           ;
           but
           the
           Number
           brought
           to
           
             Danzick
             ,
             Collen
             ,
             Rotterdam
          
           ,
           and
           Enchusen
           ,
           &c.
           is
           so
           great
           ,
           as
           it
           will
           cost
           more
           than
           three
           ,
           four
           ,
           or
           five
           Pounds
           for
           a
           true
           Note
           .
        
         
           The
           abundance
           of
           Corn
           groweth
           in
           the
           East
           Kingdoms
           ,
           but
           the
           great
           Store-houses
           for
           Grain
           to
           serve
           all
           Christendom
           ,
           and
           the
           Heathen
           Countries
           in
           time
           of
           Dearth
           ,
           is
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           wherewith
           upon
           every
           occasion
           of
           Scarcity
           and
           Dearth
           they
           do
           inrich
           themselves
           seven
           Years
           after
           ,
           employ
           their
           People
           ,
           and
           get
           great
           Freights
           for
           their
           Ships
           in
           other
           Countries
           ,
           whilst
           we
           have
           none
           in
           that
           Course
           .
        
         
           The
           mighty
           Vineyards
           and
           store
           of
           Salt
           is
           in
           France
           and
           Spain
           ,
           but
           the
           great
           Vintage
           and
           Staple
           of
           Salt
           is
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           and
           they
           send
           yearly
           near
           One
           Thousand
           Sail
           of
           Ships
           with
           Salt
           and
           Wine
           only
           into
           the
           East
           Kingdoms
           ,
           yearly
           besides
           other
           places
           ,
           and
           we
           not
           one
           in
           that
           Course
           or
           Trade
           .
        
         
           The
           exceeding
           Groves
           of
           Wood
           are
           in
           the
           East
           Kingdoms
           ,
           but
           the
           huge
           Piles
           of
           Wainscot
           ,
           Clapbord
           ,
           Fir-deal
           ,
           Masts
           ,
           and
           Timber
           is
           in
           the
           
             Low
             Countries
          
           ,
           where
           none
           grow
           ,
           wherewith
           they
           serve
           themselves
           ,
           and
           other
           parts
           ,
           and
           this
           Kingdom
           with
           those
           Commodities
           .
           They
           have
           five
           or
           six
           hundred
           great
           long
           Ships
           continually
           using
           that
           Trade
           ,
           and
           we
           but
           a
           few
           .
           The
           Wool
           ,
           Cloth
           ,
           Lead
           ,
           Tin
           ,
           and
           divers
           other
           Commodities
           are
           in
           England
           ,
           but
           by
           means
           of
           our
           Wool
           and
           Cloth
           going
           out
           ruff
           ,
           undrest
           ,
           and
           undy'd
           ;
           there
           is
           an
           exceeding
           Manufactory
           and
           Drapery
           in
           the
           Low-Countries
           ,
           wherewith
           they
           serve
           themselves
           and
           other
           Nations
           ,
           and
           advance
           greatly
           the
           Imployment
           of
           their
           People
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           Traffick
           abroad
           ,
           &
           put
           down
           ours
           in
           foreign
           Parts
           ,
           where
           our
           Merchants
           Trade
           unto
           ,
           with
           our
           own
           Commodities
           .
        
         
           We
           send
           into
           the
           East
           Kingdoms
           yearly
           but
           one
           hundred
           Ships
           ,
           and
           our
           Trade
           chiefly
           depends
           upon
           three
           Towns
           ,
           
             viz.
             Elbing
             ,
             Kingsborough
          
           and
           Dantzick
           ,
           for
           making
           our
           Sails
           ,
           and
           buying
           their
           Commodities
           ,
           sent
           into
           this
           Realm
           at
           dear
           Rates
           ,
           which
           this
           Kingdom
           bears
           the
           burden
           of
           .
           Our
           Trading
           to
           these
           parts
           ,
           and
           some
           others
           ,
           is
           much
           improved
           since
           ,
           but
           still
           may
           bear
           nigh
           the
           same
           Proportion
           .
        
         
           The
           Low-Countries
           send
           into
           the
           East
           Kingdoms
           yearly
           about
           3000
           Ships
           ,
           trading
           into
           every
           City
           and
           Port-Town
           ,
           taking
           the
           Advantage
           ,
           and
           venting
           their
           Commodities
           to
           exceeding
           profit
           ,
           and
           buying
           and
           lading
           their
           Ships
           with
           plenty
           of
           those
           Commodities
           ,
           which
           they
           have
           from
           every
           of
           those
           Towns
           20
           
             per
             Cent.
          
           better
           cheap
           than
           we
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           difference
           of
           Coin
           ;
           and
           their
           Fish
           yields
           ready
           Money
           ,
           which
           greatly
           advanceth
           their
           Traffick
           ,
           and
           decayeth
           ours
           .
        
         
           They
           send
           into
           
             France
             ,
             Spain
             ,
             Portugal
             ,
             Italy
             ,
          
           from
           the
           East
           Kingdoms
           that
           passeth
           through
           the
           Sound
           ,
           and
           through
           Your
           
             Narrow
             Seas
          
           ,
           yearly
           of
           the
           East
           Country
           Commodities
           ,
           about
           2000
           Ships
           ,
           and
           we
           none
           in
           that
           Course
           .
        
         
           They
           Trade
           into
           all
           Cities
           and
           Port-Towns
           in
           France
           ,
           and
           we
           chiefly
           but
           to
           five
           or
           six
           .
        
         
           They
           Traffick
           into
           every
           City
           and
           Port
           now
           round
           about
           this
           Land
           ,
           with
           five
           or
           six
           Hundred
           Ships
           yearly
           ,
           and
           we
           chiefly
           but
           to
           three
           Towns
           in
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           but
           with
           Forty
           Ships
           .
        
         
           Notwithstanding
           the
           Low-Countries
           have
           as
           many
           Ships
           and
           Vessels
           as
           Eleven
           Kingdoms
           
           of
           Christendom
           have
           ,
           let
           England
           be
           one
           ,
           and
           Build
           every
           Year
           near
           1000
           Ships
           ,
           and
           not
           a
           Timber
           Tree
           growing
           in
           their
           own
           Country
           ,
           and
           that
           all
           their
           home-bred
           Commodities
           that
           grow
           in
           their
           Land
           in
           a
           Year
           ,
           (
           less
           than
           one
           Hundred
           good
           Ships
           are
           able
           to
           carry
           them
           away
           at
           one
           time
           ,
           )
           yet
           they
           handle
           the
           matter
           so
           well
           for
           setting
           them
           all
           on
           Work
           ,
           &
           that
           their
           Traffick
           with
           the
           Hanse-Towns
           exceeds
           in
           Shipping
           all
           Christendom
           .
        
         
           We
           have
           all
           things
           of
           our
           own
           in
           Superabundance
           to
           increase
           Traffick
           ,
           and
           Timber
           to
           build
           Ships
           ,
           and
           Commodities
           of
           our
           own
           to
           lade
           about
           1000
           Ships
           and
           Vessels
           at
           one
           time
           ,
           (
           besides
           the
           great
           Fishing
           )
           and
           as
           fast
           as
           they
           have
           made
           their
           Voyages
           might
           relade
           again
           ,
           and
           so
           Year
           after
           Year
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Year
           long
           to
           continue
           ;
           and
           yet
           our
           Ships
           and
           Mariners
           decline
           ,
           and
           Traffick
           and
           Merchants
           daily
           decay
           .
        
         
           The
           main
           Bulk
           and
           Mass
           of
           Herrings
           ,
           from
           whence
           they
           raise
           so
           many
           Millions
           yearly
           that
           inrich
           other
           Kingdoms
           ,
           Kings
           and
           States
           Coffers
           ,
           and
           likewise
           their
           own
           People
           ,
           proceedeth
           from
           Your
           Majesties
           Seas
           and
           Lands
           ,
           and
           the
           return
           of
           the
           Commodities
           and
           Coin
           they
           bring
           home
           in
           Exchange
           of
           Fish
           ,
           and
           other
           Commodities
           ,
           are
           so
           great
           ,
           as
           would
           require
           a
           large
           discourse
           apart
           ;
           all
           the
           amends
           they
           make
           us
           is
           ,
           they
           beat
           us
           out
           of
           Trade
           in
           all
           parts
           with
           our
           own
           Commodities
           .
        
         
           For
           instance
           ,
           we
           had
           a
           great
           Trade
           in
           Russia
           Seventy
           Years
           ,
           and
           about
           14
           Years
           past
           we
           sent
           Store
           of
           goodly
           Ships
           to
           Trade
           in
           those
           Parts
           ,
           and
           three
           Years
           past
           we
           sent
           out
           but
           Four
           ,
           and
           this
           last
           Year
           two
           on
           three
           :
           But
           on
           the
           contrary
           the
           Hollanders
           about
           twenty
           Years
           since
           Traded
           thither
           with
           two
           Ships
           only
           ,
           yet
           now
           they
           are
           increased
           to
           about
           Thirty
           or
           Forty
           (
           and
           at
           this
           time
           to
           many
           more
           )
           and
           one
           of
           their
           Ships
           is
           as
           big
           as
           two
           of
           ours
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           (
           in
           their
           Troubles
           there
           )
           that
           we
           decreased
           in
           Trade
           they
           greatly
           increased
           ,
           (
           the
           same
           may
           now
           fitly
           be
           applyed
           to
           the
           present
           Circumstances
           that
           the
           War
           hath
           not
           improverisht
           them
           ,
           but
           their
           Trade
           greatly
           increased
           thereby
           ,
           and
           the
           great
           advantage
           they
           have
           of
           us
           in
           the
           East-India
           Trade
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           is
           obvious
           )
           but
           the
           chiefest
           Commodities
           they
           carry
           with
           them
           to
           Russia
           ,
           is
           English
           Cloth
           ,
           Heilings
           taken
           in
           our
           Seas
           ,
           English
           Lead
           ,
           and
           Pewter
           made
           of
           our
           Tin
           ,
           besides
           other
           Commodities
           ;
           all
           which
           we
           may
           do
           better
           and
           cheaper
           than
           they
           ,
           if
           we
           knew
           the
           value
           of
           our
           own
           Commodities
           ,
           and
           would
           apply
           our selves
           to
           do
           it
           .
           And
           altho'
           it
           be
           a
           cheap
           Country
           ,
           and
           the
           Trade
           very
           gainful
           ,
           yet
           we
           have
           almost
           brought
           it
           to
           Naught
           ,
           by
           disorderly
           Trading
           ,
           joint
           Stocks
           (
           now
           called
           Stock-jobbing
           )
           and
           the
           Merchants
           banding
           themselves
           one
           against
           an
           other
           .
        
         
           So
           likewise
           we
           used
           to
           have
           eight
           or
           nine
           great
           Ships
           to
           go
           continually
           a
           Fishing
           to
           
             Ward
             house
          
           ,
           and
           this
           Year
           but
           one
           ,
           and
           so
           
             pro
             rata
          
           they
           out
           do
           us
           in
           all
           kind
           of
           Fishing
           and
           Merchandizing
           in
           all
           Countries
           ,
           by
           reason
           they
           spare
           no
           Cost
           ,
           nor
           deny
           any
           Priviledges
           that
           may
           Incourage
           the
           advancement
           of
           Trade
           and
           Manufactory
           .
        
         
           
             Now
             if
             it
             please
             ,
             and
             with
             Your
             Majesties
             good
             liking
             stand
             ,
          
           
             To
             take
             notice
             of
             these
             things
             ,
             which
             I
             have
             Conceived
             to
             be
             fit
             for
             Your
             Majesties
             consideration
             ,
             which
             in
             all
             humbleness
             (
             as
             duty
             bindeth
             me
             )
             I
             do
             tender
             unto
             Your
             Majesty
             for
             the
             unfeigned
             Zeal
             I
             bare
             to
             the
             advancement
             of
             Your
             Honour
             and
             Profit
             ,
             and
             the
             general
             good
             of
             Your
             Subjects
             ;
             it
             being
             apparent
             that
             no
             three
             Kingdoms
             in
             Christendom
             can
             compare
             with
             Your
             Majesties
             for
             Support
             of
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             the
             continual
             imployment
             of
             Your
             People
             within
             themselves
             ,
             having
             so
             many
             great
             means
             both
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             to
             enrich
             Your
             Coffers
             ,
             multiply
             Your
             Naval
             strength
             ,
             enlarge
             Your
             Traffick
             ,
             make
             Your
             Kingdoms
             powerful
             ,
             and
             Your
             People
             Rich
             ;
             yet
             through
             Idleness
             they
             are
             Poor
             ,
             wanting
             imployment
             ,
             many
             of
             your
             Land
             and
             Coast
             Towns
             much
             ruinated
             ,
             and
             your
             Kingdom
             in
             great
             need
             of
             Coin
             ,
             your
             Shipping
             ,
             Traffick
             and
             Mariners
             decay
             ,
             whilst
             Your
             Majesties
             neighbouring
             Princes
             ,
             without
             these
             means
             ,
             abound
             in
             Wealth
             ,
             inlarge
             their
             Towns
             ,
             increase
             their
             Shipping
             ,
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             Mariners
             ,
             abound
             in
             Coin
             ,
             and
             find
             out
             such
             imployment
             for
             their
             People
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             all
             advantagious
             to
             their
             Common
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             this
             only
             by
             ordarining
             Commodious
             Constitutions
             in
             Merchandizing
             ,
             and
             fullness
             of
             Trade
             in
             Manufactory
             ,
             and
             the
             Effectual
             keeping
             their
             Coin
             at
             home
             .
          
        
         
           
             God
             hath
             Blessed
             Your
             Majesty
             with
             incomparable
             Blenefits
             .
          
           
             As
             with
             Copper
             ,
             Lead
             ,
             Iron
             ,
             Tin
             ,
             Allum
             ,
             Copperas
             ,
             Saffron
             ,
             Fells
             ,
             and
             divers
             other
             Native
             Commodities
             ,
             to
             the
             Number
             of
             about
             one
             Hundred
             ,
             and
             other
             Manufactories
             vendible
             to
             the
             number
             of
             about
             one
             Thousand
             ,
             besides
             Corn
             ,
             whereof
             great
             quantity
             of
             Beer
             is
             made
             ,
             and
             most
             transported
             by
             Strangers
             ,
             as
             also
             Wool
             ,
             whereof
             much
             is
             Shipped
             forth
             unwrought
             ,
             and
             Cloth
             and
             Stuffs
             transported
             undrest
             and
             undied
             ,
             which
             doth
             employ
             and
             maintain
             near
             Fifty
             Thousand
             People
             in
             Foreign
             Parts
             ;
             Your
             Majesties
             People
             wanting
             the
             Imployment
             in
             England
             ,
             many
             of
             them
             being
             inforced
             to
             live
             in
             great
             want
             ,
             and
             seek
             it
             beyond
             Seas
             .
          
           
             Coals
             which
             do
             imploy
             Hundreds
             of
             Strangers
             Ships
             yearly
             to
             transport
             them
             out
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             which
             we
             only
             ought
             to
             do
             
             whilst
             we
             do
             not
             Employ
             Twenty
             Ships
             in
             in
             that
             Course
             .
             Iron
             Ordinance
             ,
             which
             is
             a
             Jewel
             of
             great
             value
             ,
             far
             more
             than
             it
             is
             accounted
             ,
             by
             reason
             that
             no
             other
             Country
             could
             ever
             attain
             unto
             it
             ,
             altho
             they
             have
             assayed
             with
             great
             charge
             .
          
           
             Your
             Majesty
             hath
             Timber
             of
             your
             own
             for
             building
             of
             Ships
             ,
             and
             Commodities
             plenty
             of
             your
             own
             growth
             ,
             and
             Manufactories
             to
             lade
             them
             ,
             which
             Commodities
             other
             Nations
             want
             ,
             nor
             cannot
             well
             be
             without
             ,
             and
             yet
             Your
             Majesties
             People
             decline
             in
             Shipping
             ,
             Mariners
             ,
             Traffick
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             These
             Inconveniences
             happen
             by
             three
             Causes
             especially
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             unprofitable
             course
             and
             Method
             of
             Merchandizing
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             want
             of
             compleat
             and
             full
             Manufactory
             of
             our
             home
             bred
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             And
             chiefly
             the
             undervaluing
             of
             our
             Coins
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             Rules
             of
             other
             Nations
             .
          
        
         
           
             For
             instance
             .
          
           
             The
             Merchant
             Adventurers
             by
             overtrading
             upon
             Credit
             ,
             or
             with
             Money
             taken
             upon
             Exchange
             ,
             whereby
             they
             lose
             usually
             Ten
             or
             Twelve
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             Fifteen
             or
             Sixteen
             
               per
               Cent.
            
             are
             inforced
             to
             make
             Sale
             of
             their
             Cloths
             at
             under
             rates
             ,
             to
             keep
             their
             Credit
             ,
             whereby
             Cloths
             being
             the
             Jewel
             of
             the
             Land
             ,
             are
             undervalued
             ,
             and
             the
             Merchant
             in
             short
             time
             eaten
             out
             .
          
           
             The
             Merchants
             of
             Ipsovich
             ,
             whose
             Trade
             for
             Elbing
             is
             chiefly
             for
             fine
             Cloths
             ,
             and
             some
             few
             sorting
             Cloths
             ,
             all
             died
             and
             drest
             within
             our
             Land
             ,
             do
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             buy
             their
             fine
             Cloths
             upon
             Time
             ,
             and
             by
             reason
             they
             go
             so
             much
             upon
             Credit
             ,
             they
             are
             enforced
             (
             not
             being
             able
             to
             Stand
             upon
             their
             Markets
             )
             to
             sell
             ,
             giving
             fifteen
             or
             eighteen
             Months
             time
             of
             payment
             for
             their
             Cloths
             ,
             and
             having
             Sold
             them
             ,
             they
             then
             presently
             sell
             their
             Bills
             ,
             so
             taken
             for
             Cloth
             ,
             allowing
             after
             the
             Rate
             of
             fourteen
             or
             fifteen
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             twenty
             
               per
               Cent
            
             ,
             which
             Mony
             they
             imploy
             forthwith
             in
             Wares
             at
             excessive
             prices
             ,
             and
             lose
             as
             much
             more
             that
             way
             ,
             by
             that
             time
             their
             Wares
             be
             Sold
             at
             home
             .
             Thus
             by
             over-running
             themselves
             upon
             Credit
             ,
             they
             disenable
             themselves
             and
             others
             ,
             inhanceing
             the
             price
             of
             Foreign
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             pulling
             down
             the
             Rates
             of
             our
             own
             .
          
           
             The
             West
             Country
             Merchants
             that
             Trade
             with
             Cloths
             into
             France
             ,
             or
             Spain
             ,
             do
             usually
             employ
             their
             Servants
             ,
             (
             young
             men
             of
             small
             experience
             )
             who
             the
             by
             cunning
             Combining
             of
             French
             and
             Spanish
             Merchants
             ,
             are
             so
             entrapped
             ,
             that
             when
             all
             Customs
             and
             Charges
             be
             accompted
             for
             ,
             their
             Masters
             shall
             hardly
             receive
             their
             Principal
             Moneys
             .
             As
             for
             Returns
             one
             of
             France
             ,
             their
             Silver
             and
             Gold
             is
             so
             highly
             valu'd
             that
             our
             Merchants
             cannot
             bring
             it
             home
             ,
             but
             to
             great
             loss
             ;
             therefore
             the
             French
             Merchants
             set
             higher
             rates
             upon
             their
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             we
             must
             either
             buy
             dear
             ,
             or
             let
             our
             Money
             lie
             dead
             there
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             until
             we
             may
             conveniently
             employ
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             The
             Northern
             Merchants
             of
             
               York
               ,
               Hull
            
             ,
             and
             Newcastle
             ,
             trade
             only
             in
             White
             Kersies
             and
             colour'd
             Dozens
             ,
             and
             every
             Merchant
             ,
             be
             his
             Adventure
             neverso
             great
             ,
             doth
             for
             the
             most
             part
             send
             over
             an
             unexperienc'd
             ,
             Youth
             ,
             unfit
             for
             Merchandizing
             ,
             which
             bringeth
             to
             the
             Stranger
             great
             advantages
             ,
             but
             to
             his
             Master
             and
             Common-wealth
             great
             loss
             and
             hindrance
             ;
             for
             they
             before
             their
             Goods
             be
             landed
             ,
             go
             to
             the
             Stranger
             ,
             and
             buy
             such
             quantities
             of
             Iron
             ,
             Flax
             ,
             Corn
             ,
             and
             other
             Commodities
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             bound
             to
             lade
             their
             Ships
             withal
             ,
             which
             Ships
             they
             engage
             themselves
             to
             re-lade
             within
             three
             Weeks
             or
             a
             Month
             ,
             and
             do
             give
             the
             price
             the
             Merchant-Stranger
             asketh
             ,
             because
             he
             gives
             them
             Credit
             ,
             and
             lets
             them
             Ship
             away
             their
             Iron
             ,
             Flax
             ,
             and
             other
             Commodities
             ,
             before
             they
             have
             sold
             their
             Kersies
             ,
             and
             other
             Commodities
             ,
             by
             which
             means
             extraordinary
             dear
             Commodities
             are
             return'd
             into
             this
             Realm
             ,
             and
             the
             Servant
             also
             inforc'd
             to
             sell
             his
             Cloths
             under
             rate
             ,
             and
             often
             times
             to
             loss
             ,
             to
             keep
             his
             Credit
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             Payment
             for
             the
             Goods
             before
             shipt
             home
             ,
             having
             some
             twenty
             days
             or
             a
             Months
             respit
             to
             sell
             the
             Cloths
             ,
             and
             to
             give
             the
             Merchant
             Satisfaction
             for
             his
             Iron
             ,
             Flax
             ,
             and
             other
             Wares
             ;
             by
             which
             Extremities
             our
             home-bred
             Commodities
             are
             abased
             .
          
        
         
           
             Touching
             Manufactory
             .
          
           
             There
             have
             been
             about
             80000
             undrest
             and
             undied
             Cloths
             yearly
             transported
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             therefore
             evident
             ,
             that
             the
             Kingdom
             hath
             been
             yearly
             deprived
             of
             400000
             Pound
             within
             this
             five
             and
             fifty
             Years
             ,
             which
             is
             near
             twenty
             Millions
             ,
             that
             would
             have
             been
             gain'd
             by
             the
             Labours
             of
             poor
             Workmen
             in
             that
             time
             ,
             with
             the
             Merchants
             gains
             for
             bringing
             in
             of
             Dying
             Stuffs
             ,
             and
             return
             of
             Cloths
             drest
             and
             died
             ,
             with
             other
             Benefits
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             besides
             the
             exceeding
             encrease
             of
             Traffick
             ,
             Ships
             ,
             and
             Mariners
             .
          
           
             There
             would
             have
             been
             gained
             in
             that
             time
             about
             three
             Millions
             ,
             by
             encrease
             of
             Custom
             upon
             Commodities
             return'd
             for
             Cloths
             drest
             and
             died
             ,
             and
             for
             dying
             Stuffs
             ,
             which
             would
             have
             more
             plentifully
             been
             brought
             in
             and
             used
             for
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             There
             hath
             been
             also
             transported
             in
             that
             time
             yearly
             by
             Bays
             ,
             Northern
             and
             Devonshire
             Kersies
             white
             ,
             about
             fifty
             thousand
             Cloths
             ,
             counting
             three
             Kersies
             to
             a
             Cloth
             ,
             whereby
             hath
             been
             lost
             about
             five
             Millions
             by
             those
             sorts
             of
             Cloths
             in
             that
             time
             ,
             which
             would
             have
             come
             to
             poor
             Workmen
             for
             their
             Labour
             ,
             with
             the
             Customs
             for
             Dying
             Materials
             ,
             
             and
             the
             Merchants
             profit
             for
             bringing
             them
             in
             ,
             with
             returns
             of
             other
             Commodities
             and
             Fraighting
             of
             Ships
             .
          
           
             Bays
             are
             transported
             white
             into
             Amsterdam
             ,
             and
             being
             there
             drest
             and
             died
             ,
             are
             shipe
             into
             
               Spain
               ,
               Portugal
            
             ,
             and
             other
             Kingdoms
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             sold
             in
             the
             name
             of
             
               Flemish
               Bays
            
             ,
             setting
             their
             own
             Town
             Seal
             upon
             them
             ,
             so
             that
             we
             lose
             the
             very
             name
             of
             our
             home-bred
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             other
             Countries
             get
             the
             Reputation
             and
             Profit
             thereof
             :
             Most
             deplorable
             it
             is
             that
             this
             Kingdom
             should
             be
             deprived
             of
             so
             many
             Millions
             above-mention'd
             ,
             and
             that
             our
             Native
             Commodities
             of
             Cloth
             ,
             ordain'd
             of
             God
             for
             the
             natural
             profit
             and
             good
             of
             your
             Subjects
             ,
             being
             so
             Royal
             and
             Rich
             in
             it self
             ,
             should
             be
             driven
             to
             so
             small
             advantage
             of
             Reputation
             and
             Profit
             to
             Your
             Majesty
             and
             People
             ,
             and
             so
             much
             improv'd
             ,
             and
             intercepted
             by
             Strangers
             ,
             considering
             that
             God
             hath
             enabled
             ,
             and
             given
             Your
             Majesty
             ,
             power
             to
             advance
             Dressing
             and
             Dying
             ,
             and
             Transporting
             of
             all
             your
             Cloths
             ,
             within
             a
             Year
             or
             two
             ;
             I
             speak
             it
             knowingly
             ,
             to
             shew
             it
             may
             be
             done
             laudably
             ,
             lawfully
             ,
             and
             approved
             to
             be
             honourable
             ,
             feasable
             ,
             and
             profitable
             .
          
           
             All
             the
             Companies
             of
             your
             Land
             transport
             their
             Cloths
             drest
             and
             died
             ,
             to
             the
             good
             of
             Your
             Kingdom
             ,
             except
             the
             Merchant-Adventurers
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Eastland
             and
             Turky
             Merchants
             ,
             with
             other
             Companies
             ,
             do
             encrease
             Your
             Majesties
             Customs
             by
             bringing
             in
             ,
             and
             spending
             Dying
             Stuffs
             ,
             and
             setting
             your
             People
             on
             work
             ,
             by
             Dressing
             before
             they
             transport
             them
             ;
             and
             they
             might
             encrease
             far
             more
             Custom
             to
             Your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             make
             much
             more
             profit
             to
             themselves
             ,
             and
             this
             Nation
             ,
             and
             set
             many
             thousands
             of
             poor
             People
             more
             on
             work
             for
             dressing
             and
             dying
             ,
             and
             likewise
             employ
             more
             Ships
             and
             Mariners
             for
             bringing
             in
             Dying
             Stuffs
             ,
             were
             it
             not
             for
             the
             Merchant-Adventurers
             ,
             who
             transport
             their
             Cloths
             white
             ,
             rough
             ,
             undrest
             and
             undied
             ,
             into
             the
             Low-Countries
             ,
             where
             they
             sell
             them
             to
             the
             Stranger
             ,
             who
             afterwards
             dress
             ,
             die
             ,
             and
             stretch
             them
             to
             such
             unreasonable
             lengths
             ,
             contrary
             to
             our
             Law
             ,
             that
             they
             prevent
             and
             forestall
             our
             Markets
             ,
             and
             cross
             the
             just
             Prohibitions
             of
             our
             State
             and
             Realm
             ,
             by
             their
             Agents
             and
             Factors
             lying
             in
             divers
             places
             with
             our
             own
             Cloths
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             decay
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             in
             general
             ,
             and
             discredit
             of
             our
             Cloths
             in
             particular
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             Accompt
             were
             truly
             known
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             found
             that
             they
             make
             clear
             profit
             ,
             only
             by
             Cloth
             transported
             rough
             ,
             undrest
             and
             undied
             ,
             60000
             l.
             a
             Year
             :
             But
             it
             is
             most
             apparent
             Your
             Majesty
             in
             your
             Customs
             ,
             your
             Merchants
             in
             their
             Sales
             and
             Prices
             your
             Subjects
             in
             their
             Labours
             ,
             for
             want
             of
             not
             Dressing
             and
             Dying
             ,
             your
             Ships
             and
             Mariners
             in
             not
             bringing
             in
             of
             Dying
             Stuffs
             ,
             and
             spending
             of
             Allom
             ,
             are
             hindred
             yearly
             near
             a
             Million
             of
             Pounds
             ,
             so
             that
             Trade
             is
             driven
             in
             to
             the
             great
             damage
             &
             hindrance
             of
             Your
             Majesty
             and
             People
             ,
             by
             permitting
             your
             Native
             Commodities
             to
             pass
             rough
             ,
             undrest
             ,
             and
             undied
             ,
             by
             the
             Merchant-Adventurer
             .
          
        
         
           
             Touching
             Fishing
             .
          
           
             The
             great
             Sea
             business
             of
             Fishing
             doth
             Imploy
             near
             20000
             Ships
             ,
             and
             Vessels
             ,
             and
             400000
             People
             are
             imployed
             yearly
             upon
             your
             Coast
             of
             
               England
               Scotland
            
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             ,
             with
             60
             Ships
             of
             War
             ,
             which
             may
             prove
             dangerous
             .
          
           
             The
             Hollanders
             only
             have
             about
             3000
             Ships
             to
             Fish
             withall
             ,
             and
             50000
             People
             are
             imployed
             yearly
             by
             them
             upon
             Your
             Majesties
             Coasts
             of
             
               England
               ,
               Scotland
            
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             .
          
           
             These
             Three
             Thousand
             Fishing
             Ships
             and
             Vessels
             of
             the
             Hollanders
             ,
             do
             imploy
             near
             9000
             other
             Ships
             and
             Vessels
             ,
             and
             150000
             Persons
             more
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             to
             make
             provision
             to
             cure
             and
             transport
             the
             Fish
             they
             take
             ,
             and
             return
             Commodities
             ,
             whereby
             they
             are
             inabled
             ,
             and
             do
             build
             yearly
             1000
             Ships
             and
             Vessels
             ,
             having
             not
             one
             Timber
             Tree
             growing
             in
             their
             own
             Country
             ,
             nor
             home
             bred
             Commodities
             to
             lade
             100
             Ships
             ,
             and
             yet
             they
             have
             20000
             Ships
             and
             Vessels
             ,
             and
             all
             imployed
             .
          
           
             King
             Henry
             the
             7th
             desirous
             to
             make
             his
             Kingdoms
             powerful
             and
             Rich
             ,
             by
             encrease
             of
             Ships
             and
             Mariners
             ,
             and
             employment
             of
             his
             ,
             People
             ,
             sent
             unto
             his
             Sea
             Coast
             Towns
             ,
             moving
             them
             to
             set
             up
             the
             great
             and
             Rich
             Fishing
             ,
             with
             promise
             to
             give
             them
             needful
             Privileges
             ,
             and
             to
             furnish
             them
             with
             Loans
             of
             Money
             ,
             if
             need
             were
             ,
             to
             encourage
             them
             ,
             yet
             his
             People
             were
             slack
             .
             Now
             since
             I
             have
             traced
             this
             business
             ,
             and
             made
             my
             endeavours
             known
             unto
             Your
             Majesty
             ,
             your
             Noble
             Men
             ,
             able
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             (
             who
             having
             set
             down
             under
             their
             hands
             for
             more
             assurance
             )
             promised
             to
             disburst
             large
             Sums
             of
             Money
             ,
             for
             the
             building
             up
             of
             this
             great
             and
             Rich
             large
             Sea
             City
             ,
             which
             will
             increase
             more
             Strength
             to
             your
             Land
             ,
             give
             more
             comfort
             ,
             and
             do
             more
             good
             to
             all
             your
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             ,
             than
             all
             the
             Companies
             of
             your
             Kingdom
             ,
             having
             fit
             and
             needful
             Priviledges
             ,
             for
             the
             upholding
             and
             strengthening
             of
             so
             weighty
             and
             needful
             a
             business
             .
          
           
             For
             example
             ,
             20
             Busses
             built
             and
             put
             into
             a
             Sea
             Coast
             Town
             where
             there
             was
             not
             one
             Ship
             before
             ;
             there
             must
             be
             to
             carry
             ,
             recarry
             ,
             transport
             ,
             and
             make
             provision
             for
             one
             Buss
             ,
             three
             Ships
             ;
             likewise
             every
             Ship
             setting
             on
             work
             30
             several
             Trades
             and
             Occupations
             ,
             and
             8000
             Persons
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             insomuch
             as
             300
             Persons
             are
             not
             able
             to
             make
             one
             Fleet
             of
             Nets
             in
             four
             Months
             for
             one
             Buss
             ,
             which
             is
             no
             small
             employment
             ,
             with
             increase
             of
             a
             Thousand
             Mariners
             ,
             and
             a
             Fleet
             of
             80
             Sail
             of
             Ships
             to
             belong
             to
             one
             Town
             ,
             where
             none
             were
             before
             ,
             to
             take
             the
             Wealth
             out
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             to
             enrich
             and
             Strengthen
             the
             Land
             ,
             and
             this
             only
             by
             raising
             of
             20
             Busses
             .
          
           
             Then
             what
             good
             one
             Thousand
             ,
             or
             two
             Thousand
             will
             do
             ,
             I
             leave
             to
             Your
             Majesties
             consideration
             .
          
           
           
             It
             is
             worthy
             to
             be
             Noted
             ,
             how
             necessary
             Fishermen
             are
             to
             the
             Common
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             how
             needful
             to
             be
             advanced
             and
             cherished
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             1.
             
             For
             taking
             Gods
             blessing
             out
             of
             the
             Sea
             to
             enrich
             the
             Realm
             ,
             which
             otherwise
             we
             lose
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             For
             setting
             the
             People
             on
             Work.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             For
             making
             plenty
             and
             cheapness
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             For
             the
             encrease
             of
             Shipping
             ,
             to
             make
             the
             Land
             formidable
             against
             its
             Enemies
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             For
             a
             continual
             Nursery
             for
             Breeding
             and
             the
             Encreasing
             of
             Seamen
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             For
             making
             Imployment
             for
             all
             sorts
             of
             People
             ,
             as
             Blind
             ,
             Lame
             ,
             and
             others
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             from
             Ten
             or
             Twelve
             Years
             and
             upwards
             .
          
           
             7.
             
             For
             enriching
             Your
             Majesties
             Coffers
             ,
             for
             Merchandize
             returned
             from
             other
             Countries
             for
             Fish
             and
             Herrings
             .
          
           
             8.
             
             For
             the
             encrease
             and
             enabling
             of
             Merchants
             ,
             which
             now
             droop
             and
             Decay
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             loss
             of
             the
             Nation
             .
          
        
         
           
             Touching
             the
             Coin.
             
          
           
             For
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             all
             Monarchies
             and
             free
             States
             ,
             both
             Heathen
             and
             Christian
             ,
             as
             
               Turkey
               ,
               Barbary
               ,
               France
               ,
               Poland
               ,
            
             and
             many
             others
             ,
             do
             hold
             for
             a
             Rule
             of
             never
             failing
             profit
             ,
             to
             keep
             their
             Coin
             at
             higher
             rates
             within
             their
             own
             Territories
             ,
             than
             it
             is
             in
             other
             Kingdoms
             .
          
           
             And
             for
             these
             causes
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             To
             preserve
             the
             Coin
             within
             their
             own
             Territories
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             To
             bring
             unto
             themselves
             the
             Coin
             of
             Foriegn
             Princes
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             To
             enforce
             Merchant
             strangers
             to
             take
             their
             Commodities
             at
             high
             Rates
             ,
             for
             want
             of
             which
             this
             Kingdom
             bears
             the
             Burthen
             .
          
        
         
           
             For
             Instance
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             Barbary
             perceiving
             the
             Trade
             of
             Christian
             Merchants
             to
             increase
             in
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Returns
             out
             of
             his
             Kingdom
             were
             most
             in
             Gold
             ,
             whereby
             it
             was
             much
             enhanced
             ,
             raised
             his
             Ducket
             (
             being
             then
             Current
             for
             three
             Ounces
             )
             to
             four
             ,
             five
             ,
             and
             six
             Ounces
             ;
             nevertheless
             it
             was
             no
             more
             worth
             in
             England
             ,
             being
             so
             raised
             ,
             than
             when
             it
             went
             for
             three
             Ounces
             .
          
           
             This
             Ducket
             current
             for
             three
             Ounces
             in
             Barbary
             ,
             was
             then
             worth
             in
             England
             7
             Shillings
             and
             6
             pence
             ,
             and
             no
             more
             ,
             being
             raised
             to
             6
             Ounces
             ,
             since
             which
             time
             (
             adding
             to
             it
             a
             small
             piece
             of
             Gold
             )
             he
             hath
             raised
             it
             to
             8
             ,
             and
             lastly
             to
             10
             Ounces
             ,
             yet
             at
             this
             day
             it
             is
             worth
             but
             10
             s.
             and
             one
             peny
             ,
             notwithstanding
             Your
             Majesty's
             late
             raising
             of
             Your
             Gold.
             
          
           
             Having
             thus
             raised
             his
             Gold
             ,
             he
             then
             devised
             to
             have
             plenty
             of
             Silver
             brought
             into
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             same
             policy
             raised
             the
             Royal
             of
             8
             ,
             being
             but
             two
             Ounces
             ,
             to
             3
             s.
             and
             3
             d.
             half
             peny
             ,
             which
             caused
             great
             plenty
             of
             Silver
             to
             be
             brought
             in
             ,
             and
             continue
             in
             his
             Kingdom
             .
             And
             it
             were
             to
             be
             wisht
             that
             we
             might
             follow
             the
             good
             Example
             of
             this
             advantagious
             Policy
             in
             this
             Juncture
             ,
             when
             by
             the
             same
             Method
             we
             have
             brought
             great
             plenty
             of
             Gold
             into
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             if
             we
             pursue
             it
             ,
             (
             by
             advancing
             the
             value
             of
             our
             Silver
             )
             may
             not
             only
             keep
             what
             we
             already
             have
             ,
             but
             also
             cause
             great
             plenty
             to
             be
             brought
             in
             and
             kept
             here
             ,
             when
             we
             have
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
             France
             .
          
           
             The
             
               English
               Jacobus
            
             goeth
             for
             1
             l.
             3
             s.
             in
             Merchandizing
             .
          
           
             The
             
               English
               Crown
            
             for
             7
             s.
             and
             6
             d.
             
          
           
             Also
             the
             King
             hath
             rais'd
             his
             Silver
             four
             Sols
             in
             the
             Crown
             .
          
        
         
           
             North
             Holland
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Double
               Jacobus
            
             goeth
             for
             1
             l.
             3
             s.
             Sterling
             .
          
           
             The
             
               English
               Shilling
            
             is
             there
             11
             Stivers
             ,
             which
             is
             two
             Shillings
             over
             in
             the
             Pound
             .
          
        
         
           
             Poland
             .
          
           
             The
             K.
             of
             Poland
             raised
             the
             
               Hungarian
               Ducket
            
             from
             56
             to
             77
             ½
             
               Polonish
               Groshes
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Rix-dollar
             from
             36
             to
             47
             and
             ½
             Groshes
             ,
             the
             Rix-dollar
             worth
             in
             Poland
             47
             ,
             and
             ½
             groshes
             ,
             is
             by
             account
             in
             Poland
             10
             s.
             and
             4
             d.
             and
             in
             England
             is
             worth
             but
             7
             s.
             and
             10
             d.
             The
             Jacobus
             of
             England
             here
             Current
             (
             at
             that
             time
             )
             for
             1
             l.
             2
             s.
             in
             Poland
             1
             l.
             4
             s.
             at
             the
             rate
             of
             7
             s.
             10
             d.
             for
             the
             
               Hungarian
               Ducket
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             Some
             additional
             Remarks
             and
             Observations
             Relating
             to
             Coin
             and
             Trade
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             That
             Nation
             can
             only
             be
             in
             a
             prosperous
             Estate
             ,
             that
             hath
             a
             proportionable
             quantity
             of
             Silver
             or
             Gold
             to
             ballance
             the
             Strength
             and
             Trade
             of
             its
             neighbouring
             Nations
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             That
             whilst
             the
             Current
             Cash
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             can
             be
             converted
             into
             Bullion
             ,
             and
             so
             made
             a
             trading
             Commodity
             (
             as
             hath
             been
             practis'd
             this
             hundred
             Years
             )
             't
             will
             either
             be
             convey'd
             to
             the
             best
             Market
             ,
             or
             wrought
             in
             to
             Plate
             at
             home
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             utmost
             rigour
             and
             vigilancy
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             and
             daily
             Consumption
             of
             the
             Coin
             ,
             and
             Detriment
             of
             the
             Nation
             .
          
           
             That
             it
             is
             evident
             ,
             notwithstanding
             those
             great
             Sums
             coin'd
             in
             the
             two
             last
             Reigns
             ,
             't
             was
             no
             sooner
             made
             than
             converted
             into
             a
             trading
             Commodity
             (
             some
             inconsiderable
             Sums
             excepted
             ,
             that
             hapt
             not
             into
             
               Hucksters
               hands
            
             )
             and
             if
             from
             the
             like
             Causes
             the
             same
             scarcity
             of
             Mill'd
             Mony
             should
             happen
             at
             any
             time
             hereafter
             (
             which
             God
             forbid
             )
             tho
             morally
             't
             is
             not
             impossible
             for
             the
             reason
             above
             alledged
             ,
             and
             as
             a
             part
             bears
             to
             the
             whole
             (
             that
             without
             raising
             the
             value
             of
             our
             Coin
             )
             the
             Nation
             may
             totally
             be
             drain'd
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             may
             possibly
             be
             then
             at
             too
             great
             a
             distance
             to
             be
             had
             for
             calling
             for
             ;
             and
             were
             there
             no
             more
             Silver
             now
             in
             the
             Nation
             ,
             than
             the
             standard
             Mony
             that
             has
             past
             the
             trading
             
             hands
             of
             Merchants
             and
             Goldsmiths
             ,
             the
             Nation
             were
             in
             a
             deplorable
             and
             irreparable
             Condition
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             That
             what
             Custom
             makes
             the
             Medium
             ,
             Measure
             or
             Reward
             of
             Labour
             ,
             Industry
             ,
             and
             Commerce
             ,
             is
             universally
             call'd
             Money
             ,
             and
             ought
             not
             to
             be
             convertible
             to
             a
             trading
             Commodity
             to
             the
             Publick
             Damage
             and
             diminution
             of
             the
             Species
             ,
             be
             it
             what
             it
             will
             :
             For
             the
             stamp
             of
             Authority
             on
             a
             Brass
             Farthing
             for
             its
             currency
             ,
             for
             12
             d.
             would
             with
             Submission
             ,
             better
             accommodate
             and
             suit
             the
             conveniency
             of
             our
             Domestick
             Commerce
             ,
             than
             the
             Paucity
             of
             our
             glorious
             Silver
             Species
             ,
             as
             our
             present
             Circumstances
             demonstrate
             .
          
           
             That
             't
             is
             a
             Truth
             beyond
             Contradiction
             ,
             that
             the
             goodness
             and
             excellency
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Coin
             (
             tho
             dispersed
             thro'
             all
             parts
             of
             the
             Trading
             World
             )
             hath
             not
             been
             a
             means
             to
             enrich
             that
             Kingdom
             ,
             nor
             the
             little
             esteem'd
             value
             of
             the
             current
             Cash
             of
             the
             Hollanders
             ,
             a
             means
             to
             Impoverish
             them
             .
          
           
             That
             raising
             the
             value
             of
             our
             Coin
             ,
             is
             the
             only
             certain
             means
             to
             keep
             it
             in
             the
             Nation
             ,
             to
             make
             us
             a
             rich
             and
             thriving
             State
             ,
             to
             recover
             our
             lost
             Trade
             ,
             and
             the
             best
             Bulwark
             and
             Defence
             against
             all
             the
             Attacks
             of
             our
             Enemies
             .
          
           
             That
             diminishing
             the
             quantity
             ,
             or
             raising
             the
             value
             of
             our
             Standard
             Coin
             is
             equivalent
             ;
             but
             at
             this
             Juncture
             't
             is
             humbly
             thought
             more
             advantagious
             tolessen
             the
             Weight
             ,
             by
             reason
             the
             Nation
             would
             be
             at
             less
             Expence
             to
             make
             it
             good
             ,
             as
             also
             being
             more
             commodious
             for
             Commerce
             and
             Tale
             ,
             when
             even
             parts
             of
             a
             Pound
             as
             before
             ,
             than
             when
             Fractional
             ,
             as
             must
             be
             if
             the
             value
             of
             the
             ancient
             Standard
             Weight
             be
             advanced
             .
          
           
             That
             raising
             the
             value
             of
             our
             Coin
             ,
             will
             be
             a
             dishonour
             to
             the
             Nation
             ,
             seems
             an
             empty
             Notion
             ,
             if
             Profit
             be
             join'd
             with
             it
             .
          
           
             That
             our
             Silver
             Coin
             ought
             to
             bear
             a
             higher
             Value
             at
             home
             ,
             than
             elsewhere
             ,
             as
             well
             to
             bring
             it
             home
             ,
             as
             we
             have
             already
             done
             the
             Gold
             ,
             and
             to
             keep
             it
             here
             ,
             as
             also
             encourage
             the
             bringing
             in
             of
             Bullion
             ,
             which
             is
             now
             much
             wanted
             .
          
           
             That
             contrary
             to
             the
             Policy
             of
             Nations
             ,
             our
             standard
             Coin
             is
             of
             greater
             value
             in
             all
             places
             than
             at
             home
             (
             Spain
             only
             excepted
             )
             for
             which
             reason
             we
             bring
             Spanish
             Mony
             hither
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             same
             Reason
             our
             Mony
             is
             transported
             to
             other
             places
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             Impoverishment
             of
             the
             Nation
             .
          
           
             That
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             is
             the
             commanding
             Species
             ,
             and
             if
             we
             Export
             more
             than
             we
             Import
             ,
             the
             Nation
             is
             so
             much
             a
             loser
             ;
             and
             tho
             as
             a
             Gentleman
             observes
             ,
             if
             we
             yearly
             send
             out
             Commodities
             to
             the
             value
             of
             400000
             Ounces
             of
             Silver
             more
             than
             the
             Commodities
             we
             bring
             home
             from
             abroad
             cost
             us
             there
             ,
             is
             100000
             l.
             every
             year
             clear
             gain
             ,
             which
             must
             come
             home
             in
             Mony
             or
             Bullion
             ,
             and
             be
             a
             real
             encrease
             of
             our
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             will
             stay
             here
             as
             he
             is
             pleased
             to
             think
             .
          
           
             This
             over
             ballance
             of
             Trade
             ,
             so
             much
             talk'd
             Fallacy
             ,
             and
             may
             be
             a
             great
             loss
             to
             the
             Nation
             ;
             for
             Example
             ,
             if
             400000
             Ounces
             of
             Silver
             or
             Commodities
             be
             exported
             ,
             and
             the
             worth
             of
             800000
             Ounces
             of
             unprofitable
             Commodities
             imported
             ,
             viz.
             as
             French
             and
             Port
             Wines
             ,
             Silks
             and
             Linen
             ,
             wrought
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             things
             that
             are
             all
             expended
             and
             comsum'd
             here
             at
             home
             ,
             the
             Nation
             is
             so
             far
             from
             gaining
             100000
             l.
             that
             't
             is
             200000
             l.
             the
             worse
             ,
             viz.
             100000
             l.
             sent
             out
             of
             the
             Nation
             ,
             and
             the
             100000
             l.
             which
             is
             the
             over
             ballance
             ,
             is
             gain'd
             from
             the
             Publick
             Treasure
             and
             Stock
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             into
             private
             hands
             ,
             which
             will
             again
             be
             sent
             abroad
             to
             the
             same
             loss
             :
             Now
             the
             true
             cause
             why
             the
             Hollanders
             have
             acquir'd
             such
             great
             Riches
             by
             Trade
             ,
             is
             (
             as
             the
             Excellent
             Sir
             Walter
             observes
             )
             an
             over
             ballance
             of
             Trade
             truly
             stated
             ,
             that
             is
             ;
             they
             Import
             of
             Commodities
             100
             times
             the
             quantity
             of
             what
             themselves
             expend
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             is
             again
             transported
             to
             divers
             Countries
             ,
             and
             brings
             them
             in
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             to
             their
             great
             and
             real
             Profit
             ,
             whereas
             we
             scarcely
             Export
             the
             hundredth
             part
             of
             what
             is
             Imported
             ,
             and
             if
             we
             should
             send
             all
             the
             Silver
             in
             the
             Nation
             abroad
             ,
             and
             have
             treble
             the
             value
             return'd
             in
             unnecessary
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             we
             spend
             and
             consume
             at
             home
             ,
             pray
             what
             would
             the
             Nation
             get
             by
             this
             over
             ballance
             of
             Trade
             ,
             being
             depriv'd
             of
             all
             its
             Silver
             ?
          
           
             The
             same
             Gentleman
             observes
             ,
             that
             if
             a
             Million
             of
             Bullion
             ,
             was
             yearly
             imported
             from
             Spain
             ,
             it
             would
             not
             encrease
             our
             Wealth
             ;
             this
             seems
             a
             Paradox
             ,
             for
             there
             is
             not
             a
             Necessity
             that
             it
             should
             again
             be
             exported
             ,
             nor
             that
             our
             Money
             should
             be
             of
             more
             intrinsick
             Value
             ,
             or
             less
             price
             than
             the
             rest
             of
             our
             Neighbours
             ,
             and
             consequently
             we
             may
             keep
             it
             at
             home
             as
             well
             as
             they
             do
             ,
             and
             need
             not
             send
             out
             a
             100000
             l.
             of
             our
             own
             Money
             with
             it
             ,
             as
             he
             is
             pleased
             to
             say
             we
             must
             .
             The
             same
             Author
             further
             Remarks
             ,
             that
             the
             true
             liberty
             the
             Hollanders
             have
             of
             Exporting
             their
             Mony
             ,
             does
             not
             empoverish
             them
             ;
             but
             on
             the
             contrary
             they
             are
             Rich
             ,
             and
             the
             severe
             Penalties
             the
             Spaniard
             imposes
             on
             those
             that
             Export
             their
             Coin
             ,
             does
             not
             prevent
             their
             great
             want
             of
             Mony.
             This
             I
             take
             to
             be
             a
             convincing
             Argument
             of
             the
             Necessity
             of
             raising
             our
             Coin
             ;
             for
             the
             great
             Allay
             and
             Exteinsick
             Value
             of
             the
             Dutch
             Coin
             ,
             as
             effectually
             secures
             it
             from
             Exporting
             ,
             as
             the
             Clipping
             of
             our
             Coin
             has
             kept
             it
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             the
             Goodness
             of
             he
             Spanish
             Money
             transports
             it
             to
             all
             parts
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             which
             demonstrates
             the
             invalidity
             of
             any
             Law
             that
             can
             be
             made
             to
             the
             contrary
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             Diminution
             of
             their
             Money
             ,
             and
             Impoverishment
             of
             their
             People
             .
          
           
             He
             farther
             adds
             ,
             that
             raising
             the
             denomination
             ,
             or
             value
             of
             our
             Coin
             ,
             will
             not
             bring
             one
             Grain
             of
             Silver
             the
             more
             into
             England
             .
             This
             is
             denying
             it's
             day
             when
             the
             Sun
             shines
             (
             and
             begging
             the
             Gentleman's
             Pardon
             )
             he
             might
             with
             as
             much
             truth
             have
             said
             ,
             and
             as
             easily
             been
             believ'd
             ,
             that
             the
             advance
             of
             Guineas
             hath
             not
             brought
             one
             Guinea
             more
             into
             the
             Kingdom
             than
             was
             here
             four
             years
             ago
             .
          
           
             The
             further
             Objections
             against
             raising
             the
             value
             of
             our
             Coin
             ,
             't
             is
             humbly
             thought
             will
             also
             
             prove
             a
             Fallacy
             ,
             and
             by
             this
             Dilemma
             we
             will
             attempt
             to
             unLOCK
             the
             Mystery
             .
             The
             ancient
             Standard
             of
             our
             Coin
             hath
             been
             advantage
             or
             disadvantage
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             If
             an
             advantage
             ,
             why
             should
             we
             alter
             it
             ?
          
           
             If
             a
             disadvantage
             ,
             why
             should
             it
             not
             be
             alter'd
             ?
          
           
             That
             the
             Standard
             of
             our
             Coin
             hath
             been
             advantagious
             to
             the
             Publick
             ,
             will
             be
             a
             Task
             too
             difficult
             for
             themost
             cunning
             Sophisterto
             prove
             .
          
           
             The
             contrary
             is
             in
             great
             part
             already
             demonstrated
             ,
             but
             for
             further
             Confirmation
             ,
             't
             is
             observable
             ,
             that
             according
             to
             Mr.
             Lowndes's
             Accompt
             from
             the
             Mint
             ,
             there
             was
             coin'd
             from
             the
             1st
             of
             Q.
             Eliz.
             to
             the
             beginning
             of
             K
             Ch.
             IIs
             .
             Reign
             ,
             more
             than
             15
             Millions
             of
             Pounds
             Sterling
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             two
             last
             Reigns
             ,
             and
             since
             ,
             we
             'll
             suppose
             7
             Millions
             ,
             that
             is
             22
             Millions
             of
             Silver
             Coin
             in
             Specie
             ,
             besides
             great
             quantities
             of
             Bullion
             that
             hath
             been
             imported
             and
             exported
             .
             Now
             the
             question
             is
             what
             is
             become
             of
             all
             this
             Treasure
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             true
             ,
             that
             some
             part
             of
             it
             is
             made
             into
             Plate
             ;
             and
             it
             had
             been
             well
             in
             the
             present
             Circumstances
             we
             are
             in
             ,
             if
             it
             had
             all
             been
             so
             ,
             and
             there
             is
             thought
             to
             be
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             5
             Millions
             lest
             of
             Coin
             good
             and
             bad
             ,
             of
             the
             22
             Millions
             ,
             the
             rest
             is
             gone
             by
             the
             over
             Ballance
             of
             an
             unprofitable
             Trade
             ,
             for
             1000
             l.
             sent
             to
             Burdeaux
             advances
             at
             first
             hand
             more
             than
             25
             
               per
               Cent.
            
             and
             though
             a
             double
             value
             of
             Wine
             return
             ,
             yet
             we
             are
             so
             much
             the
             Poorer
             for
             it
             ,
             if
             expended
             here
             ,
             and
             1000
             such
             Merchants
             would
             rob
             the
             publick
             stock
             of
             100000
             l.
             yearly
             ;
             and
             tho
             they
             pay
             great
             Sums
             for
             Customs
             ,
             't
             is
             not
             with
             the
             Money
             they
             bring
             in
             ,
             and
             more
             laudable
             and
             profitable
             ways
             for
             the
             publick
             good
             ;
             and
             his
             Majesties
             encrease
             of
             Customs
             might
             be
             introduced
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             profit
             we
             can
             expect
             by
             this
             French
             Commodity
             for
             100000
             l.
             yearly
             Exported
             is
             ,
             that
             possibly
             at
             last
             ,
             we
             may
             find
             a
             way
             to
             make
             Salt-peter
             of
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
             A
             Catalogue
             of
             the
             Names
             of
             most
             Foreign
             Coins
             with
             their
             Value
             here
             as
             Bullion
             ,
             and
             their
             particular
             Allay
             ;
             wherein
             it
             plainly
             appears
             how
             much
             better
             our
             standard
             Coin
             is
             ,
             than
             the
             Coin
             of
             all
             
               Europe
               ,
               Spain
            
             only
             Excepted
             .
          
           
             Value
             here
             .
          
           
             
               
                 
                    
                
                 
                   Oun.
                   dw
                   .
                
                 
                   Oun.
                   dw
                   .
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   s.
                   d.
                   
                
                 
                    
                
              
               
                 
                   Flanders
                   or
                   Spanish
                   Duckatoon
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   Better
                
                 
                   0
                   04
                
                 
                   ½
                
                 
                   5
                   06
                
                 
                    
                
              
               
                 
                   Mexico
                   Real
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   Standard
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   00
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   4
                   04
                
                 
                   ½
                
              
               
                 
                   Sevil
                   Real
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   better
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   01
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   4
                   04
                
                 
                   ½
                
              
               
                 
                   Holland
                   Dollar
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   08
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   4
                   04
                
                 
                    
                
              
               
                 
                   Lyon
                   Dollar
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   2
                   03
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   3
                   04
                
                 
                   ½
                
              
               
                 
                   Rix-dol
                   .
                   of
                   the
                   Emp.
                   
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   07
                
                 
                   ½
                
                 
                   4
                   05
                
                 
                   ¼
                
              
               
                 
                   Old
                   Cardecu
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   01
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   1
                   06
                
                 
                   ¼
                
              
               
                 
                   French
                   Lew.
                   or
                   Crow
                   .
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   00
                
                 
                   ½
                
                 
                   4
                   04
                
                 
                   ¼
                
              
               
                 
                   Doub
                   .
                   Milrez
                   of
                   Portu
                   .
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   01
                
                 
                   ½
                
                 
                   3
                   09
                
                 
                   ¼
                
              
               
                 
                   Sing
                   .
                   Milrez
                   of
                   Portu
                   .
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   01
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   1
                   09
                
                 
                    
                
              
               
                 
                   S.
                   Mark
                   of
                   Venice
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   01
                
                 
                   ½
                
                 
                   2
                   06
                
                 
                    
                
              
               
                 
                   Doub
                   .
                   D.
                   Stivers
                   Skil
                   .
                   and
                   Gilders
                   .
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   4
                   06
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   0
                   00
                
                 
                    
                
              
               
                 
                   Crols
                   Dollar
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   12
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   4
                   02
                
                 
                   ½
                
              
               
                 
                   Zealanu
                   Dollar
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   2
                   00
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   2
                   03
                
                 
                    
                
              
               
                 
                   Old
                   Philip
                   Dollar
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   1
                   00
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   5
                   00
                
                 
                    
                
              
               
                 
                   Ferdinan
                   .
                   Dollar
                   ,
                   1623
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   12
                
                 
                   ½
                
                 
                   4
                   03
                
                 
                    
                
              
               
                 
                   Pr.
                   of
                   Oran
                   .
                   Dol.
                   1624
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   10
                
                 
                   ½
                
                 
                   4
                   03
                
                 
                   ¼
                
              
               
                 
                   Leopoldus
                   Dol.
                   1624
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   09
                
                 
                   ½
                
                 
                   4
                   03
                
                 
                   ¼
                
              
               
                 
                   Rodolph
                   .
                   Dol.
                   1607
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   worss
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   10
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   4
                   04
                
                 
                    
                
              
               
                 
                   Maximilian
                   Dol.
                   1616
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   04
                
                 
                   ½
                
                 
                   4
                   04
                
                 
                   ¼
                
              
               
                 
                   Danish
                   Dollar
                   ,
                   1620
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   13
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   2
                   11
                
                 
                   ¼
                
              
               
                 
                   Portugal
                   Teston
                   ,
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   01
                
                 
                    
                
                 
                   1
                   02
                
                 
                   ¼
                
              
               
                 
                   Quar.
                   of
                   a
                   new
                   Fr.
                   Lew.
                   
                
                 
                   is
                   worse
                   ,
                
                 
                   0
                   00
                
                 
                   ½
                
                 
                   1
                   01
                
                 
                    
                
              
            
          
           
             The
             Allay
             of
             our
             standard
             is
             11
             oun
             .
             2
             wt
             .
             Silver
             ,
             18
             d
             wt
             .
             of
             Allay
             ,
             that
             is
             in
             an
             oun
             .
             1
             d.
             ½
             .
             Note
             the
             Ounce
             is
             5
             s.
             and
             peny
             weight
             is
             3
             pence
             .
          
           
             The
             Use
             that
             may
             be
             made
             of
             this
             Catalogue
             of
             Coins
             ,
             is
             first
             ,
             that
             no
             Coin
             but
             Spanish
             can
             be
             brought
             hither
             to
             advantage
             ,
             nor
             can
             any
             other
             Money
             be
             made
             Bullion
             ,
             and
             brought
             hither
             ,
             but
             with
             great
             loss
             ;
             and
             for
             this
             reason
             they
             keep
             it
             at
             home
             .
          
           
             That
             tho
             all
             the
             above
             Foreign
             Coins
             have
             a
             greater
             Allay
             ,
             and
             so
             much
             worse
             than
             ours
             ,
             yet
             their
             Extrinsick
             value
             is
             raised
             above
             ours
             ,
             and
             the
             Spanish
             Money
             ,
             for
             a
             
               Spanish
               Duckatoon
            
             ,
             whose
             Intrinsick
             value
             ,
             is
             nigh
             double
             a
             
               Dutch
               Duckatoon
            
             ,
             yet
             goes
             for
             no
             more
             there
             than
             63
             Stivers
             ,
             as
             their
             own
             does
             ;
             and
             't
             is
             worth
             Remarking
             ,
             that
             an
             
               English
               Crown
            
             ,
             whose
             intrinsick
             value
             is
             6d
             .
             better
             than
             a
             
               French
               Crown
            
             ,
             and
             in
             Holland
             current
             for
             55
             Stivers
             ,
             when
             the
             
               Fr.
               Crown
            
             is
             current
             at
             67
             ½
             Stivers
             ,
             and
             yet
             have
             but
             few
             of
             them
             neither
             ,
             the
             Reason
             is
             plain
             ,
             the
             advance
             the
             Fr.
             have
             made
             on
             their
             Crown
             of
             72
             ,
             73
             ,
             74
             ,
             Sols
             and
             more
             now
             ,
             and
             since
             all
             Princes
             have
             a
             Prerogative
             of
             raising
             their
             Coin
             when
             it
             suits
             with
             their
             Interest
             ,
             and
             we
             find
             it
             practically
             done
             by
             all
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Thriving
             World
             ,
             without
             those
             Chimerical
             Whimsies
             ,
             and
             Inconveniences
             ,
             our
             Dreamers
             would
             bewitch
             the
             World
             to
             believe
             ,
             for
             they
             value
             the
             English
             and
             Spanish
             Coin
             at
             no
             greater
             price
             ,
             because
             they
             can
             have
             it
             so
             ,
             and
             they
             give
             so
             much
             more
             for
             the
             French
             because
             they
             can't
             have
             it
             without
             .
          
           
             By
             this
             Table
             may
             be
             found
             how
             much
             of
             any
             of
             these
             Species
             our
             Standard
             Coin
             will
             make
             ,
             and
             thereby
             find
             the
             advantage
             all
             Countries
             will
             have
             by
             melting
             our
             Mony
             down
             :
             And
             can
             it
             reasonably
             be
             thought
             ,
             that
             what
             is
             carried
             out
             will
             ever
             return
             ,
             when
             in
             some
             places
             ,
             100
             l.
             of
             our
             Standard
             Coin
             will
             make
             nigh
             200
             l.
             current
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             and
             in
             other
             places
             some
             what
             less
             ;
             for
             don
             't
             we
             melt
             down
             the
             Sp.
             Mony
             here
             ,
             to
             make
             our
             own
             ,
             to
             far
             less
             advantage
             .
             And
             if
             we
             send
             over
             Silver
             with
             privilege
             to
             Coin
             their
             Species
             ;
             't
             is
             so
             much
             loss
             to
             the
             Nation
             and
             never
             can
             return
             ,
             but
             raising
             the
             value
             of
             our
             Coin
             ,
             not
             withstanding
             great
             Sums
             sent
             out
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             will
             as
             effectually
             return
             again
             ,
             as
             all
             the
             Dutch
             Mony
             did
             ,
             that
             was
             brought
             over
             hither
             .
          
           
             Nor
             will
             there
             be
             any
             loss
             by
             Foreign
             Exchange
             ,
             when
             our
             Commodities
             are
             valu'd
             accordingly
             ,
             and
             at
             worst
             cannot
             stand
             in
             Competition
             with
             the
             Inconveniences
             the
             Nation
             hath
             labour'd
             under
             for
             many
             Years
             ,
             when
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             our
             Trade
             was
             carry'd
             on
             by
             Mony
             generally
             so
             abased
             ,
             that
             10
             s.
             would
             scarcely
             weigh
             a
             Crown
             piece
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Value
             't
             is
             now
             proposed
             to
             be
             made
             at
             .
             And
             then
             no
             such
             great
             damage
             and
             wrong
             ,
             or
             inconveniency
             was
             talk'd
             of
             ,
             nor
             so
             much
             as
             thought
             on
             to
             have
             been
             done
             to
             the
             Landlords
             in
             their
             Rents
             ,
             &c.
             as
             some
             endeavour
             
             now
             to
             insinuate
             ,
             will
             be
             the
             Issue
             of
             making
             the
             Coin
             so
             much
             better
             than
             it
             was
             at
             that
             time
             .
          
           
             That
             this
             Kingdom
             can
             never
             be
             drain'd
             or
             exhausted
             of
             the
             Riches
             of
             its
             native
             Produce
             ,
             and
             Excellency
             of
             its
             Manufactories
             ,
             nor
             prejudic'd
             by
             any
             other
             means
             ,
             but
             under
             valuting
             our
             Coin
             and
             Commodities
             ,
             by
             which
             we
             are
             out-done
             and
             under-rated
             in
             all
             Markets
             ;
             tho
             we
             have
             a
             continual
             spring
             of
             natural
             Product
             ,
             as
             Lead
             ,
             Tin
             ,
             Allom
             ,
             Wool
             ,
             &c.
             and
             other
             Materials
             for
             Manufactory
             ,
             yet
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             scarcity
             of
             Gold
             &
             Silver
             Species
             amongst
             us
             ,
             our
             People
             have
             been
             unemploy'd
             and
             empoverish'd
             ,
             and
             our
             Manufactory
             greatly
             decay'd
             ,
             and
             attempted
             to
             be
             carry'd
             into
             other
             Countries
             ,
             to
             almost
             the
             ruin
             of
             our
             Nation
             ,
             had
             not
             God
             Almighty
             put
             this
             Opportunity
             into
             our
             hands
             ,
             for
             regaining
             our
             lost
             Trade
             ,
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ;
             the
             plenty
             whereof
             amongst
             our selves
             would
             greatly
             encrease
             ,
             Manufactory
             to
             the
             great
             Encouragement
             of
             Trade
             and
             People
             in
             general
             .
          
           
             Though
             raising
             the
             value
             of
             Coin
             to
             so
             high
             a
             pitch
             as
             is
             hoped
             ours
             may
             be
             ,
             might
             prejudice
             a
             Nation
             that
             have
             little
             or
             no
             Natural
             product
             '
             ,
             and
             Manufactory
             ,
             but
             their
             Commodities
             fetcht
             from
             other
             Countries
             ,
             and
             consequently
             might
             be
             drained
             of
             all
             they
             have
             ,
             by
             those
             that
             have
             most
             Mony
             ,
             and
             so
             ruined
             ,
             not
             being
             able
             to
             Supply
             themselves
             again
             with
             the
             same
             quantities
             ,
             for
             what
             the
             other
             was
             sold
             for
             ,
             nor
             having
             native
             product
             or
             Manufactory
             to
             set
             themselvs
             on
             Work
             ;
             but
             that
             is
             not
             our
             case
             .
          
           
             Experience
             demonstrates
             that
             notwithstanding
             the
             good
             intention
             of
             all
             our
             Laws
             ,
             yet
             many
             of
             them
             have
             failed
             in
             answering
             the
             ends
             proposed
             ,
             particularly
             the
             late
             Act
             ,
             to
             prevent
             Melting
             down
             and
             Exportation
             of
             Coin
             ,
             where
             Oath
             and
             Penalty
             was
             imposed
             ,
             and
             yet
             no
             Person
             was
             accused
             thereon
             ,
             tho'
             many
             Thousands
             Pounds
             are
             supposed
             to
             have
             been
             Exported
             since
             that
             Act.
             Wherefore
             't
             is
             evident
             that
             all
             Laws
             and
             Penalties
             tho
             of
             Life
             and
             Goods
             to
             prevent
             Exportation
             of
             Coin
             or
             Bullion
             ,
             would
             be
             invalid
             &
             of
             no
             effect
             ,
             if
             the
             Coin
             can
             be
             made
             Bullion
             ,
             and
             will
             yield
             a
             better
             price
             abroad
             than
             at
             home
             .
          
           
             That
             those
             Trades
             only
             deserve
             Encouragement
             that
             bring
             in
             Gold
             and
             Silver
             ,
             and
             such
             profitable
             Commodities
             ,
             that
             by
             Manufactory
             and
             Exporting
             may
             bring
             it
             in
             ;
             and
             those
             justly
             Merit
             discouragement
             that
             bring
             in
             unprofitable
             Commodities
             ,
             as
             Wines
             ,
             Silk
             ,
             &c.
             which
             are
             Expended
             and
             Consumed
             here
             without
             profit
             ,
             and
             this
             to
             be
             done
             by
             laying
             great
             Impositions
             on
             them
             brought
             hither
             ,
             and
             Effectually
             made
             to
             sell
             them
             at
             under
             Rates
             .
          
           
             That
             the
             French
             have
             done
             the
             Confederates
             more
             mischief
             by
             the
             Silver
             and
             Gold
             they
             have
             exhausted
             from
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             for
             35
             years
             last
             past
             ,
             than
             with
             his
             Armies
             and
             Fleets
             ;
             and
             the
             same
             Methods
             he
             has
             taken
             to
             keep
             his
             Coin
             ,
             possibly
             might
             prove
             as
             prejudicial
             to
             him
             if
             executed
             by
             us
             ,
             as
             the
             loss
             of
             a
             Land
             Battle
             ,
             for
             he
             that
             is
             strongest
             in
             Purse
             ,
             is
             strongest
             in
             Power
             ,
             and
             hath
             the
             longest
             Sword
             ,
             and
             may
             give
             Laws
             to
             his
             Enemies
             :
             And
             't
             is
             observable
             ,
             that
             before
             our
             Mill'd
             Mony
             was
             made
             ,
             there
             was
             great
             scarcity
             of
             Silver
             in
             France
             ,
             haing
             little
             trade
             with
             Spain
             ,
             and
             their
             usual
             Payments
             were
             then
             in
             a
             worse
             Species
             .
             And
             yet
             to
             the
             great
             loss
             &
             dishonour
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             that
             Trade
             is
             still
             continued
             ,
             and
             will
             be
             whilst
             the
             Back-door
             of
             Portugal
             is
             open
             ;
             and
             there
             is
             now
             as
             great
             plenty
             of
             Fr.
             Wines
             sold
             ,
             as
             when
             we
             had
             open
             trade
             with
             France
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             Act
             of
             Prohibition
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             prejudice
             of
             his
             Majesties
             Customs
             ,
             and
             the
             Nation
             in
             general
             ,
             and
             this
             under
             the
             name
             of
             Port
             ,
             tho
             I
             have
             heard
             it
             disputed
             whether
             the
             whole
             Produce
             of
             Oporto
             can
             furnish
             a
             dozen
             of
             our
             best
             Taverns
             with
             what
             they
             expend
             under
             that
             Name
             .
          
           
             That
             contrary
             to
             the
             Policy
             of
             Nations
             ,
             we
             raise
             the
             value
             of
             our
             own
             Product
             ,
             and
             Manufactory
             amongst
             our selves
             ,
             which
             ought
             only
             to
             be
             advanced
             when
             Exported
             by
             the
             Imposition
             of
             Publick
             Authority
             ;
             by
             this
             means
             the
             rise
             of
             Guineas
             would
             be
             no
             loss
             if
             we
             now
             keep
             them
             here
             ,
             by
             selling
             little
             more
             abroad
             of
             any
             Commodity
             ,
             than
             when
             they
             went
             for
             1
             l.
             1
             s.
             6
             d.
             
          
           
             That
             the
             Burthen
             of
             this
             War
             would
             not
             be
             grievous
             to
             the
             Nation
             ,
             were
             but
             the
             prices
             of
             our
             native
             and
             necessary
             Commodities
             regulated
             ,
             having
             little
             need
             of
             Foreign
             Assistance
             ;
             but
             by
             the
             Covetous
             and
             Arbitrary
             sway
             of
             great
             Traders
             ,
             and
             without
             just
             Cause
             the
             Poor
             are
             pincht
             ,
             and
             over-rated
             in
             their
             Bread
             ,
             Cloths
             ,
             Coals
             ,
             Soap
             ,
             Candles
             ,
             and
             in
             short
             ,
             in
             all
             things
             ,
             as
             if
             we
             had
             nothing
             of
             our
             own
             growth
             ,
             but
             all
             were
             brought
             from
             the
             Indies
             :
             Nor
             is
             it
             a
             small
             Inconveniency
             they
             suffer
             by
             Abuse
             in
             exchange
             for
             Farthings
             .
          
           
             That
             what
             Impositions
             are
             laid
             on
             Sugars
             ,
             Salt
             ,
             Coals
             ,
             Spirits
             ,
             Tobacco
             ,
             East-India
             Goods
             ,
             Vinegars
             ,
             &c.
             whatsoever
             imported
             ,
             we
             our selves
             only
             pay
             for
             it
             ,
             whereas
             if
             our
             Impositions
             were
             levied
             on
             our
             Native
             Product
             and
             Manufactory
             Exported
             ,
             others
             would
             bear
             a
             part
             and
             must
             pay
             for
             it
             .
          
           
             That
             the
             French
             Refugees
             may
             be
             servicable
             to
             the
             Government
             ,
             by
             forming
             them
             into
             Colonies
             in
             Ireland
             ,
             where
             is
             want
             of
             People
             ,
             and
             Store
             of
             waste
             Ground
             to
             plant
             Mul-berries
             and
             make
             a
             Silk-work
             there
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             dyed
             and
             Manufactured
             here
             .
          
           
             NOW
             to
             turn
             the
             Stream
             and
             Riches
             raised
             by
             Your
             Majesties
             native
             Commodities
             ,
             into
             the
             Natural
             Channel
             ,
             from
             whence
             it
             hath
             been
             a
             long
             time
             Diverted
             ,
          
           
             
               May
               it
               Please
               Your
               Majesty
            
             to
             consider
             these
             Points
             following
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             
               Whether
               it
               be
               not
               fit
               that
               a
               State
               Merchant
               be
               Settled
               within
               your
               Dominions
               ,
               which
               may
               both
               dispose
               more
               profitably
               of
               the
               Riches
               thereof
               ,
               and
               incounter
               Policies
               of
               Merchant
               Strangers
               ,
               who
               now
               go
               beyond
               us
               in
               all
               kind
               of
               profitable
               Merchandizing
               ?
            
          
           
             2.
             
             
               Whether
               it
               be
               not
               necessary
               that
               your
               Native
               Commodities
               should
               receive
               their
               full
               Manufactory
               by
               your
               Subjects
               within
               your
               Dominions
               ?
            
          
           
           
             3.
             
             
               Whether
               it
               be
               not
               sit
               that
               Coals
               should
               yield
               Your
               Majesties
               and
               Subjects
               a
               better
               Value
               ,
               by
               permitting
               them
               to
               pass
               out
               of
               the
               Land
               ,
               and
               that
               they
               be
               in
               your
               Subjects
               Shipping
               only
               Transported
               ?
            
          
           
             4.
             
             
               Whether
               it
               be
               not
               sit
               Your
               Majesty
               presently
               raise
               your
               Coin
               to
               as
               high
               rates
               as
               it
               is
               in
               any
               parts
               beyond
               Seas
               ?
            
          
           
             5.
             
             
               Whether
               it
               be
               not
               necessary
               that
               the
               great
               Sea
               business
               of
               Fishing
               be
               forthwith
               set
               forward
               ?
            
          
           
             
               If
               it
               please
               your
               Majesty
               to
               approve
               of
               these
               Con
               siderations
               ,
               and
               accordingly
               to
               put
               them
               in
               a
               right
               course
               of
               Execution
               ,
               I
               assure
               my self
               (
               by
               Gods
               help
               )
               in
               a
               short
               time
               your
               Majesties
               Customs
               ,
               and
               the
               Continual
               comings
               into
               your
               Coffers
               ,
               will
               be
               exceedingly
               encreased
               ,
               your
               Ships
               and
               Mariners
               trebled
               ,
               your
               Land
               and
               wast
               Towns
               (
               which
               are
               now
               run
               out
               of
               Gates
               )
               better
               replenished
               ,
               and
               your
               People
               employed
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               enriching
               and
               Honour
               of
               your
               Kingdom
               ,
               with
               the
               applause
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               Comfort
               of
               all
               your
               Loyal
               Subjects
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
               May
               it
               please
               your
               Majesty
               .
            
          
           
             I
             have
             rather
             undergone
             the
             pains
             to
             look
             into
             their
             Policies
             ,
             because
             I
             have
             heard
             them
             prosess
             they
             hoped
             to
             get
             the
             whole
             Trade
             and
             Shipping
             of
             Christendom
             into
             their
             own
             hands
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             for
             trasportation
             ,
             as
             otherwise
             for
             the
             Command
             and
             Mastery
             of
             the
             Seas
             ,
             to
             which
             end
             I
             find
             that
             they
             do
             daily
             encrease
             their
             Traffick
             ,
             augmenting
             their
             Shipping
             ,
             multiplying
             their
             Mariners
             ,
             Strength
             and
             Wealth
             in
             all
             kinds
             ,
             whereat
             I
             have
             grieved
             the
             more
             ,
             when
             I
             consider
             how
             God
             hath
             endued
             this
             Kingdom
             above
             any
             three
             Kingdoms
             in
             Christendom
             ,
             with
             divers
             Varieties
             of
             home
             bred
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             others
             have
             not
             ,
             and
             cannot
             want
             ,
             and
             induced
             us
             with
             sundry
             other
             means
             to
             continue
             and
             maintain
             Trade
             and
             Merchandizing
             ,
             and
             Fishing
             beyond
             them
             all
             ,
             whereby
             we
             might
             prevent
             the
             Deceivers
             ,
             ingross
             the
             Commodities
             of
             the
             Ingrossers
             ,
             enrich
             our selves
             ,
             and
             increase
             our
             Navigation
             ,
             Shipping
             and
             Mariners
             ,
             so
             as
             it
             would
             make
             all
             other
             Nations
             Vail
             the
             Bonet
             to
             England
             ,
             if
             we
             would
             not
             be
             still
             wanting
             to
             our selves
             in
             imployment
             of
             our
             own
             People
             ;
             Which
             People
             being
             divided
             into
             three
             parts
             ,
             two
             of
             them
             are
             meer
             Spenders
             and
             Constiniers
             of
             a
             Common-Wealth
             ;
             therefore
             I
             aim
             at
             these
             Points
             following
             .
             To
             allure
             and
             encourage
             the
             People
             for
             their
             private
             gain
             ,
             to
             be
             all
             workers
             and
             encreasers
             of
             a
             Common-Wealth
             ,
             to
             enrich
             and
             fill
             your
             Majesties
             Coffers
             by
             a
             continual
             coming
             in
             and
             make
             your
             People
             Wealthy
             ,
             by
             means
             of
             their
             great
             end
             profitable
             Trading
             and
             Imployment
             .
          
           
             To
             vent
             our
             home-bred
             Commodities
             to
             far
             more
             reputation
             ,
             and
             much
             more
             profit
             to
             the
             King
             the
             Merchant
             ,
             and
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             To
             return
             the
             Merchandizes
             of
             other
             Countries
             at
             far
             cheaper
             rates
             than
             now
             they
             are
             ;
             to
             the
             great
             good
             of
             the
             Realm
             in
             general
             .
          
           
             To
             make
             the
             Land
             powerful
             by
             increasin
             of
             Ships
             and
             Mariners
             .
          
           
             To
             make
             your
             Peoples
             takings
             in
             general
             to
             be
             much
             more
             every
             day
             than
             now
             they
             are
             ,
             which
             by
             Gods
             help
             ,
             will
             grow
             continually
             more
             and
             more
             by
             the
             great
             concourse
             and
             Commerce
             that
             will
             come
             by
             settled
             Constitutions
             and
             convenient
             privileges
             ,
             as
             in
             other
             Ports
             they
             do
             by
             this
             their
             great
             freedom
             of
             Trade
             .
          
           
             All
             this
             and
             much
             more
             is
             done
             in
             other
             Countries
             ,
             where
             nothing
             groweth
             ,
             so
             that
             of
             nothing
             they
             make
             great
             things
             .
          
           
             Then
             how
             much
             more
             mighty
             things
             might
             we
             make
             ,
             where
             so
             great
             abundance
             and
             variety
             of
             home-bred
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             rich
             Materials
             grow
             ,
             for
             your
             People
             to
             work
             upon
             ,
             and
             other
             plentiful
             means
             to
             do
             withal
             ,
             which
             other
             Nations
             neither
             have
             ,
             nor
             cannot
             want
             ,
             but
             of
             necessity
             must
             be
             furnished
             from
             hence
             .
          
           
             And
             now
             whereas
             our
             Merchandizing
             is
             wild
             ,
             utterly
             Confused
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             frame
             ,
             as
             at
             large
             appeareth
             ,
             a
             State
             Merchant
             will
             roundly
             and
             effectually
             bring
             all
             the
             premises
             to
             pass
             ,
             fill
             your
             Havens
             with
             Ships
             ,
             those
             Ships
             with
             Mariners
             ,
             your
             Kingdom
             full
             of
             Merchants
             ,
             their
             Houses
             full
             of
             out-landish
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             your
             Coffers
             full
             of
             Coin
             ,
             as
             in
             other
             parts
             they
             do
             ,
             and
             your
             People
             shall
             have
             just
             cause
             to
             hold
             in
             happy
             memory
             ,
             that
             your
             Majesty
             was
             the
             beginner
             of
             so
             profitable
             ,
             praise
             worthy
             ,
             and
             renown'd
             a
             work
             ,
             being
             the
             true
             Philosophers
             Stone
             to
             make
             your
             Majesty
             a
             rich
             and
             potent
             King
             ,
             and
             your
             Subjects
             a
             happy
             People
             ,
             only
             by
             settling
             of
             a
             State
             Merchant
             ,
             whereby
             your
             People
             may
             have
             fullness
             of
             Trade
             and
             Manufactory
             ,
             and
             yet
             hold
             both
             Honourable
             and
             profitable
             Government
             ,
             without
             breaking
             Companies
             .
          
           
             And
             for
             that
             in
             settling
             of
             so
             weighty
             a
             business
             ,
             many
             things
             of
             great
             Consequence
             must
             necessarily
             fall
             into
             Consideration
             ,
             I
             humbly
             Pray
             that
             Your
             Majesty
             may
             be
             pleased
             (
             for
             the
             bringing
             of
             this
             great
             service
             to
             light
             )
             to
             give
             me
             leave
             to
             Nominate
             the
             Commissioners
             ,
             and
             Your
             Majesty
             give
             them
             power
             to
             call
             before
             them
             such
             Men
             as
             they
             shall
             think
             fit
             to
             Confer
             with
             upon
             Oath
             ,
             or
             otherwise
             as
             occasion
             shall
             offer
             ;
             that
             the
             said
             Commissioners
             with
             all
             speed
             for
             the
             better
             advancement
             of
             this
             Honourable
             and
             profitable
             work
             ,
             may
             prepare
             ,
             and
             report
             the
             same
             to
             Your
             Majesty
             .
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesties
               most
               Loyal
               and
               true
               Hearted
               Subject
               ,
               W.
               R.
               
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .