A Cleare and evident way for enriching the nations of England and Ireland and for setting very great numbers of poore on work
      
       
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             A Cleare and evident way for enriching the nations of England and Ireland and for setting very great numbers of poore on work
             Keymor, John, fl. 1610-1620.
             Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.
             I. D.
          
           [4], 18 p.
           
             Printed by T.M. & A.C., and are sold by John Saywell ...,
             London :
             1650.
          
           
             The dedicatory preface signed: I.D.
             Variously attributed to John Keymor and Sir Walter Raleigh.
             Reproduction of original in Thomason Collection, British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Currency question -- Great Britain.
           Great Britain -- Commercial policy.
        
      
    
       A47317  R6727  (Wing K389).  civilwar no A cleare and evident vvay for enriching the nations of England and Ireland, and for setting very great numbers of poore on work. [no entry] 1650    8634 49 0 0 0 0 0 57 D  The  rate of 57 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the D category of texts with between 35 and 100 defects per 10,000 words. 
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             A
             Cleare
             and
             Evident
          
           WAY
           For
           enriching
           the
           Nations
           OF
           ENGLAND
           AND
           IRELAND
           ,
           And
           for
           setting
           very
           great
           Numbers
           of
           Poore
           on
           Work
           .
        
         
           2
           Chron.
           9.
           27.
           
        
         
           And
           the
           King
           made
           silver
           in
           Jerusalem
           as
           stones
           ,
           and
           Cedar-trees
           made
           be
           as
           the
           Sycamore-trees
           ,
           that
           are
           in
           the
           low
           plains
           in
           abundance
           .
        
         
           
             LONDON
             ,
          
           Printed
           by
           
             T.
             M.
          
           &
           
             A.
             C.
          
           and
           are
           sold
           by
           
             John
             Saywell
          
           at
           the
           
             Grey-hound
          
           in
           
             Little-Britain
             .
          
           1650.
           
        
      
       
       
       
         
           To
           the
           People
           of
           
             England
          
           &
           
             Ireland
             ;
          
           Whether
           
             Nobles
             ,
             Gentry
             ,
          
           or
           
             Commons
             .
          
        
         
           
             Right
             Honourable
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           FOR
           these
           thirty
           yeares
           past
           ,
           it
           hath
           been
           observed
           ,
           That
           those
           in
           publique
           Place
           or
           Trust
           have
           plotted
           and
           contrived
           little
           ,
           but
           how
           to
           enrich
           themselves
           ;
           Whether
           you
           look
           upon
           
             Protestant
             ,
          
           or
           
             Puritane
             :
          
           Most
           ,
           if
           not
           all
           of
           both
           ,
           laying
           about
           them
           like
           mad
           ,
           untill
           they
           could
           say
           with
           
             Dives
             ;
             Soule
             ,
             thou
             hast
             enough
             laid
             up
             for
             many
             years
             ;
             eat
             ,
             drinke
             ,
             and
             take
             thy
             rest
             !
          
        
         
           In
           all
           which
           time
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           generality
           of
           such
           persons
           ,
           the
           publique
           good
           hath
           been
           no
           further
           cared
           for
           ,
           then
           the
           
             Egyptians
          
           did
           ;
           That
           they
           have
           their
           Tale
           of
           
             Brick
          
           or
           
             Taxes
             :
          
           Being
           not
           ignorant
           ,
           that
           the
           hard
           labour
           in
           Brick-making
           ,
           with
           the
           want
           of
           
             Straw
             ,
          
           had
           made
           the
           
             Israelites
          
           cry
           ,
           and
           not
           without
           feare
           that
           that
           cry
           was
           come
           up
           to
           Heaven
           .
        
         
           Lest
           that
           after
           a
           getting
           over
           the
           
             Red-Sea
             ,
          
           with
           the
           destruction
           of
           very
           many
           of
           these
           
             Task-masters
             ,
          
           these
           Two
           
             Nations
          
           should
           make
           Indentures
           in
           the
           
             Wildernesse
          
           for
           
             forty
             years
             ,
          
           before
           they
           get
           to
           
             Canaan
             ,
          
           and
           only
           
             Caleb
          
           and
           
             Joshua
          
           get
           thither
           :
           Knowing
           that
           miracles
           are
           ceased
           ,
           this
           
             Essay
          
           is
           published
           for
           Advance
           of
           
             Trade
             ;
          
           having
           ready
           another
           of
           excellent
           use
           for
           enriching
           by
           Land
           ,
           as
           this
           by
           Sea
           ;
           which
           ,
           if
           this
           have
           encouragement
           ,
           shall
           follow
           :
           Thereby
           to
           helpe
           You
           all
           either
           a
           neerer
           way
           to
           the
           
             Land
             of
             Promise
             ,
          
           so
           much
           prayed
           for
           ,
           and
           so
           dear
           bought
           ;
           Or
           to
           
           enable
           You
           to
           beare
           the
           difficulties
           and
           miseries
           You
           are
           like
           to
           suffer
           in
           the
           journy
           .
           You
           shall
           do
           well
           to
           fall
           close
           to
           the
           businesse
           ,
           and
           set
           on
           work
           what
           is
           here
           laid
           down
           :
           You
           have
           old
           Laws
           enough
           to
           beare
           you
           out
           ;
           and
           certainly
           none
           will
           hinder
           your
           gathering
           
             Straw
             ,
          
           who
           will
           exact
           and
           need
           your
           Tale
           of
           
             Bricks
             ,
          
           if
           they
           put
           you
           not
           upon
           bringing
           in
           more
           :
           And
           for
           your
           encouragement
           ,
           Whosoever
           shall
           agree
           in
           the
           City
           of
           
             London
             ,
          
           or
           any
           other
           part
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           or
           that
           of
           
             Ireland
             ,
          
           to
           set
           the
           busines
           on
           foot
           ;
           A
           way
           shall
           clearly
           be
           laid
           down
           for
           the
           Income
           of
           
             Ten
             per
             Cent.
          
           possibly
           
             Twenty
             ,
             Thirty
             ,
          
           or
           more
           ,
           which
           will
           ballance
           the
           experience
           ,
           and
           so
           underselling
           of
           others
           ;
           and
           no
           more
           hazard
           of
           Principal
           or
           Profit
           ,
           then
           is
           in
           putting
           Mony
           to
           Use
           upon
           good
           Security
           .
           This
           
             Edge
          
           (
           it
           's
           confest
           )
           must
           have
           an
           Additional
           Law
           .
           By
           this
           ,
           you
           will
           do
           that
           really
           in
           way
           of
           help
           to
           the
           
             Poor
             ,
          
           that
           hundreds
           of
           thousands
           loynes
           will
           blesse
           you
           ,
           All
           will
           be
           bettered
           ,
           and
           you
           had
           in
           everlasting
           honour
           .
           Which
           is
           all
           eyed
           by
           him
           ,
           who
           desires
           no
           longer
           to
           breathe
           ,
           then
           he
           shall
           be
           ready
           to
           shew
           himself
        
         
           
             Your
             ,
             or
             the
             Nation
             's
             Humble
             Servant
             ,
             I.
             D.
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
       
         
           SOme
           years
           past
           was
           presented
           to
           his
           late
           Majesty
           a
           Model
           of
           extraordinary
           importance
           ,
           honour
           and
           profit
           :
           which
           being
           laid
           aside
           (
           as
           was
           conceived
           )
           the
           ensuing
           was
           tendered
           ,
           consisting
           of
           several
           Propositions
           ;
           gathered
           from
           the
           fruition
           of
           those
           wonderful
           blessings
           
             England's
          
           Seas
           and
           Land
           were
           furnished
           with
           ;
           not
           onely
           to
           enrich
           and
           fill
           Coffers
           ,
           but
           increase
           such
           might
           and
           strength
           ,
           as
           would
           ,
           being
           put
           in
           execution
           ,
           make
           in
           short
           time
           this
           Nation
           of
           so
           great
           power
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           Princes-Neighbours
           shall
           be
           glad
           of
           its
           friendship
           ,
           and
           fearful
           to
           offend
           it
           .
           Peruse
           this
           Advertisement
           with
           care
           and
           judgment
           ,
           and
           you
           will
           discern
           as
           much
           .
        
         
           By
           way
           of
           introduction
           consider
           ,
           1.
           
           The
           true
           ground
           ,
           course
           and
           form
           by
           which
           other
           Countries
           make
           themselves
           powerful
           &
           rich
           in
           all
           kinds
           of
           all
           Merchandizing
           ,
           Manufacture
           ,
           &
           fulnesse
           of
           Trade
           ,
           and
           yet
           have
           no
           Commodities
           in
           their
           own
           Country
           growing
           to
           do
           it
           withal
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           That
           this
           Nation
           it self
           may
           improve
           its
           native
           commodities
           ,
           with
           other
           traffique
           ,
           as
           well
           and
           better
           ,
           yea
           to
           millions
           of
           pounds
           more
           yearly
           then
           now
           they
           are
           ;
           and
           bring
           not
           only
           to
           
             Englands
          
           Representatives
           coffers
           within
           the
           space
           of
           two
           or
           three
           years
           millions
           of
           pounds
           ,
           increase
           the
           Revenues
           many
           thousands
           yearly
           ,
           please
           ,
           and
           greatly
           profit
           the
           people
           ;
           But
           also
           set
           at
           work
           all
           sorts
           of
           people
           in
           the
           Realm
           ,
           as
           other
           Nations
           do
           ,
           who
           raise
           their
           greatnesse
           by
           the
           abundance
           of
           this
           Nations
           Commodities
           ,
           whilest
           we
           are
           parlying
           and
           disputing
           whether
           it
           be
           good
           for
           us
           or
           not
           .
        
         
         
           
             For
             other
             Nations
             ▪
          
           
             THose
             who
             have
             travelled
             the
             
               United
               Provinces
               ,
            
             have
             observed
             those
             Countries
             grow
             potent
             ,
             and
             abound
             in
             all
             things
             to
             serve
             themselves
             &
             other
             Nations
             ,
             where
             little
             groweth
             :
             raising
             their
             estate
             to
             such
             an
             admirable
             height
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             at
             this
             day
             even
             a
             wonder
             to
             the
             world
             ▪
             Which
             well
             weighed
             ,
             will
             appeare
             to
             come
             from
             these
             Seas
             ,
             and
             this
             Land
             ;
             out
             of
             which
             they
             draine
             and
             still
             covet
             to
             exhaust
             our
             wealth
             and
             coyn
             ,
             and
             with
             our
             own
             Commodities
             weaken
             us
             ,
             and
             finally
             beat
             us
             quite
             out
             of
             Trading
             in
             other
             Countries
             .
             Which
             experience
             tells
             ,
             they
             more
             fully
             obtain
             ,
             by
             their
             convenient
             Priviledges
             and
             setled
             Constitutions
             ,
             then
             
               England
            
             with
             all
             the
             Lawes
             and
             super
             abundance
             of
             homebred
             Commodities
             which
             God
             hath
             vouchsafed
             these
             Seas
             &
             this
             Land
             .
             By
             these
             Priviledges
             they
             draw
             multitudes
             of
             Merchants
             to
             trade
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             Nations
             to
             inhabite
             amongst
             them
             ,
             which
             makes
             them
             populous
             :
             They
             make
             Store-houses
             of
             all
             forrain
             Commodities
             ▪
             wherewith
             upon
             every
             occasion
             of
             scarcity
             and
             dearth
             ,
             they
             are
             able
             to
             furnish
             forrain
             Countries
             with
             plenty
             of
             those
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             before
             in
             time
             of
             plenty
             they
             ingrossed
             ,
             and
             brought
             home
             from
             the
             same
             places
             :
             which
             doth
             greatly
             a●g●●●n●
             Power
             and
             Treasure
             to
             their
             State
             ,
             besides
             the
             common
             good
             in
             setting
             their
             people
             and
             poor
             on
             work
             .
          
           
             To
             these
             Priviledges
             ▪
             they
             adde
             smalnesse
             of
             Custome
             and
             liberty
             of
             Trade
             ,
             which
             makes
             them
             flourish
             ;
             and
             their
             Countries
             plentiful
             of
             all
             kind
             of
             Coyn
             and
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             their
             Merchants
             so
             rich
             ,
             that
             when
             a
             losse
             cometh
             they
             scarce
             feel
             it
             .
          
           
             They
             have
             also
             at
             present
             many
             advantages
             of
             us
             :
             One
             is
             by
             their
             fashioned
             ships
             ,
             called
             ●●●vers
             ,
             Hoyb●rks
             ,
             Hoyes
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             that
             are
             made
             to
             hold
             〈◊〉
             bulk
             of
             Merchandise
             ,
             and
             to
             saile
             with
             a
             few
             men
             for
             profit
             ▪
             For
             example
             :
             Though
             an
             
               English-ship
            
             of
             200
             Tuns
             ,
             and
             a
             
               Holland-ship
            
             o●
             any
             other
             of
             the
             
               Petty-States
            
             of
             the
             same
             Burthen
             ,
             be
             at
             
               Da●●k
            
             o●
             any
             other
             place
             beyond
             the
             Seas
             ,
             or
             in
             
               England
               ;
            
             they
             do
             serve
             the
             Merchant
             better
             cheap
             by
             40l
             .
             in
             the
             100.
             in
             his
             fraight
             ,
             then
             we
             can
             ,
             by
             reason
             he
             hath
             but
             nine
             or
             ten
             Mariners
             ,
             and
             we
             neer
             thirty
             .
             Thus
             he
             saveth
             twenty
             mens
             meat
             and
             wages
             in
             a
             Voyage
             ,
             and
             so
             in
             all
             other
             their
             ships
             accordingly
             to
             their
             burthen
             ;
             by
             which
             meanes
             they
             are
             fraighted
             wheresoever
             they
             come
             to
             great
             profit
             ,
             whilest
             our
             ships
             ●e
             still
             and
             decay
             ,
             or
             go
             to
             
               Newcastle
            
             for
             Coals
             .
          
           
           
             Adde
             to
             this
             their
             smalnesse
             of
             Custome
             inwards
             and
             outwards
             ,
             whereof
             we
             have
             daily
             experience
             :
             For
             if
             2
             English
             ships
             ,
             or
             2
             of
             any
             other
             Nation
             be
             at
             
               Burdeaux
               ,
            
             both
             laden
             with
             Wines
             of
             300
             Tuns
             apeece
             ,
             the
             one
             bound
             for
             
               Holland
            
             or
             any
             other
             
               Petty-State
               ,
            
             the
             other
             for
             
               England
               ;
            
             the
             Merchant
             shall
             pay
             about
             500l
             .
             Custome
             here
             ,
             and
             other
             duties
             ,
             when
             the
             other
             in
             
               Holland
            
             or
             any
             other
             
               Petty-States
            
             shall
             be
             cleared
             for
             lesse
             then
             50l
             .
             and
             so
             in
             all
             other
             Wares
             and
             merchandises
             accordingly
             ,
             which
             draweth
             all
             Nations
             to
             traffique
             with
             them
             .
             And
             although
             it
             seems
             but
             small
             Duties
             which
             they
             receive
             ;
             yet
             the
             multitudes
             of
             all
             kind
             of
             Commodities
             and
             Coyn
             is
             so
             great
             that
             is
             brought
             in
             by
             themselvs
             &
             others
             ,
             and
             carried
             out
             by
             themselves
             and
             others
             ,
             that
             they
             receive
             more
             Customes
             and
             Duties
             to
             the
             State
             (
             by
             the
             greatnesse
             of
             their
             Comerce
             )
             in
             one
             yeare
             ,
             then
             
               England
            
             doth
             in
             two
             ;
             for
             the
             hundreth
             part
             of
             Commodities
             are
             not
             spent
             in
             
               Holland
               ,
            
             but
             ven●●d
             into
             other
             Countries
             ;
             which
             maketh
             all
             the
             Country
             ,
             Merchants
             ,
             to
             buy
             and
             sell
             ,
             and
             increase
             ships
             and
             mariners
             to
             transport
             them
             .
          
           
             Notwithstanding
             their
             Excises
             brings
             them
             great
             Re●en●es
             ;
             yet
             whosoever
             will
             adventure
             to
             
               Burdeaux
            
             but
             for
             sixe
             Tuns
             of
             Wines
             ,
             shall
             be
             free
             of
             Excise
             in
             his
             own
             house
             all
             the
             yeare
             long
             .
             And
             this
             is
             done
             (
             of
             purpose
             )
             to
             animate
             and
             increase
             Merchants
             in
             their
             Country
             .
          
           
             And
             if
             it
             happen
             that
             a
             Trade
             be
             stopped
             by
             any
             forrain
             Nation
             (
             which
             they
             heretofore
             usually
             had
             )
             or
             hear
             of
             any
             good
             Trading
             (
             which
             they
             never
             had
             )
             they
             will
             hinder
             others
             ,
             and
             seek
             either
             by
             favour
             ,
             mony
             ,
             or
             force
             ,
             to
             open
             the
             gap
             of
             traffique
             for
             advancement
             of
             themselves
             ,
             and
             imployment
             of
             their
             people
             .
          
           
             And
             when
             there
             is
             a
             new
             Trade
             or
             Course
             erected
             ,
             they
             give
             free
             Customs
             inwards
             and
             outwards
             ,
             for
             the
             better
             maintenance
             of
             Navigation
             ,
             and
             encouragement
             of
             the
             people
             to
             that
             businesse
             .
          
           
             A
             little
             to
             enlarge
             upon
             the
             following
             particulars
             ,
             to
             prove
             that
             thus
             they
             and
             others
             glean
             the
             wealth
             and
             strength
             from
             us
             to
             themselves
             ,
             and
             become
             the
             Traders
             of
             the
             world
             .
          
           
             
               1.
               
               Merchant-Staplers
               make
               all
               things
               in
               abundance
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               Storehouses
               continually
               replenished
               with
               all
               kind
               of
               Commodities
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               liberty
               of
               Free-traffique
               for
               Strangers
               to
               buy
               and
               sell
               in
               Countries
               and
               States
               ,
               (
               as
               if
               they
               were
               free-born
               .
               )
            
             
             
               3.
               
               The
               small
               Dutles
               levied
               upon
               Merchants
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               fashioned
               Ships
               ,
               continually
               fraighted
               before
               ours
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               few
               mariners
               and
               great
               bulk
               ,
               serving
               the
               Merchant
               cheap
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               The
               forwardnesse
               to
               further
               all
               manner
               of
               Trading
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               The
               wonderful
               imployment
               of
               Busses
               for
               fishing
               ,
               and
               the
               great
               returns
               made
               .
            
             
               7
               The
               giving
               Free-custome
               inwards
               and
               outwards
               for
               any
               new-erected
               Trade
               :
               by
               means
               whereof
               they
               have
               already
               gotten
               almost
               the
               sole
               ●●●de
               into
               their
               hands
               .
               And
               this
               is
               not
               in
               the
               
                 Netherlands
              
               only
               ,
               but
            
          
           
             All
             Nations
             may
             buy
             and
             sell
             freely
             in
             
               France
               ,
            
             and
             there
             is
             free-Custome
             outwards
             twice
             or
             thrice
             in
             a
             yeare
             ;
             at
             which
             times
             our
             Merchants
             themselves
             do
             make
             their
             great
             sales
             of
             English
             commodities
             ,
             and
             do
             buy
             and
             lade
             their
             great
             bulk
             of
             French
             commodities
             to
             serve
             for
             the
             whole
             year
             .
             In
             
               Rochel
            
             and
             in
             
               Britain
               ;
            
             free
             Custome
             all
             the
             year
             long
             (
             except
             some
             small
             Toll
             )
             which
             maketh
             great
             traffique
             ,
             and
             maketh
             them
             flourish
             .
          
           
             In
             
               Denmark
               ,
            
             to
             encourage
             and
             enrich
             their
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             to
             increase
             Ships
             and
             Mariners
             ,
             free
             Custome
             all
             the
             year
             long
             for
             their
             own
             merchants
             ,
             (
             except
             one
             moneth
             between
             
               Bartholmew-tide
            
             and
             
               Michaelmasse
               .
            
          
           
             The
             
               Hance-Towns
            
             have
             likewise
             advantage
             of
             us
             ,
             and
             in
             most
             things
             imitate
             the
             
               Hollanders
               ,
            
             which
             maketh
             them
             exceeding
             rich
             and
             plentiful
             of
             all
             kinds
             of
             Commodities
             and
             Coin
             ,
             and
             so
             strong
             in
             ships
             and
             mariners
             ,
             that
             some
             of
             their
             Towns
             have
             neer
             1000
             sail
             of
             ships
             .
          
           
             The
             merchandises
             of
             
               France
               ,
               Portugal
               ,
               Spain
               ,
               Italy
               ,
               Turkey
               ,
               East
               ,
            
             and
             
               West
               Indies
            
             are
             transported
             most
             by
             the
             
               Hollanders
            
             and
             other
             
               Petty-States
            
             into
             the
             East
             and
             North-east
             Kingdoms
             of
             
               Pomerland
               ,
               Spruceland
               ,
               Poland
               ,
               Denmark
               ,
               Swe●hen
               ,
               Leifland
               ,
            
             and
             
               Germany
               ;
            
             and
             the
             merchandise
             brought
             from
             the
             last
             mentioned
             Kingdoms
             (
             being
             wonderfully
             many
             )
             are
             likewise
             by
             the
             
               Hollanders
            
             and
             other
             
               Petty-States
            
             transported
             into
             the
             Southern
             and
             Western
             Dominions
             ;
             and
             yet
             the
             s●ituation
             of
             
               England
            
             lieth
             far
             better
             for
             a
             store-house
             to
             serve
             the
             Southern
             ,
             East
             ,
             and
             North-east
             Regions
             then
             they
             ,
             and
             hath
             far
             better
             means
             to
             do
             it
             ,
             if
             we
             will
             bend
             our
             course
             for
             it
             .
          
           
             No
             so●●er
             a
             Dearth
             of
             ●●●●
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             or
             Corn
             here
             ,
             or
             other
             merchandise
             ,
             but
             forth
             with
             the
             
               Embdeners
               ,
               Hamburgers
            
             and
             
               Hollanders
               ,
            
             
             out
             of
             their
             Storehouses
             lade
             50.
             100.
             or
             more
             ships
             ,
             dispersing
             themselves
             round
             about
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             carry
             away
             great
             store
             of
             Coyn
             and
             wealth
             for
             little
             Commodities
             ,
             in
             those
             times
             of
             Dearth
             :
             by
             which
             means
             they
             suck
             our
             Commonwealth
             of
             their
             Riches
             ,
             cut
             down
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             decay
             our
             Navigation
             ,
             not
             with
             their
             Natural
             commodities
             which
             groweth
             in
             their
             own
             Country
             ,
             but
             the
             Merchandises
             of
             other
             Countries
             and
             Kingdoms
             .
             Therefore
             it
             is
             far
             more
             easie
             for
             us
             to
             serve
             our selves
             ,
             hold
             up
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             increase
             our
             Ships
             and
             Mariners
             ,
             strengthen
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             and
             not
             only
             keep
             our
             mony
             in
             our
             own
             Realm
             ,
             (
             which
             other
             Nations
             still
             rob
             us
             of
             )
             but
             bring
             in
             their
             who
             carry
             ours
             away
             ,
             and
             make
             the
             Bank
             of
             Coin
             and
             Storehouse
             to
             serve
             other
             Nations
             as
             well
             and
             far
             better
             cheap
             then
             they
             in
             
               England
               .
            
          
           
             
               Amsterdam
            
             is
             never
             without
             700000.
             
             Quarters
             of
             Corn
             ,
             besides
             the
             plenty
             they
             daily
             vent
             ,
             and
             none
             of
             this
             groweth
             in
             their
             own
             Country
             .
             A
             dearth
             in
             
               England
               ,
               France
               ,
               Spain
               ,
               Italy
               ,
               Portugal
               ,
            
             or
             other
             places
             ,
             is
             truly
             observed
             to
             enrich
             
               Holland
            
             seven
             yeares
             after
             ,
             and
             likewise
             the
             
               Petty-States
               .
            
          
           
             For
             example
             :
             The
             Dearth
             ,
             
               Novemb.
            
             1614.
             the
             
               Hamburgers
               ,
               Embdeners
               ,
            
             and
             
               Hollanders
               ,
            
             out
             of
             their
             Storehouses
             furnished
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             from
             
               Southampton
               ,
               Exeter
               ,
            
             and
             
               Bristol
               ,
            
             only
             in
             a
             year
             and
             a
             half
             ,
             caried
             away
             neer
             Two
             hundred
             thousand
             pounds
             :
             which
             being
             true
             ,
             Then
             what
             great
             quantity
             of
             Coyne
             was
             transported
             from
             all
             Ports
             of
             this
             Nation
             ?
             it
             cannot
             be
             esteemed
             so
             little
             as
             two
             Millions
             :
             to
             the
             great
             decay
             of
             this
             Realm
             ,
             impovererishing
             the
             People
             ,
             discredit
             to
             the
             Company
             of
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             dishonour
             to
             the
             Land
             ,
             that
             any
             Nation
             that
             have
             not
             Corn
             in
             their
             own
             Country
             growing
             ,
             should
             serve
             this
             famous
             Kingdom
             which
             God
             hath
             so
             enabled
             within
             it self
             .
             And
             if
             so
             much
             in
             1614.
             five
             times
             as
             much
             between
             1648.
             and
             1649.
             
          
           
             These
             have
             a
             continual
             Trade
             into
             this
             Kingdome
             with
             5
             or
             600
             ships
             yearly
             ,
             with
             merchandises
             of
             other
             Countries
             and
             Kingdoms
             ,
             and
             store
             them
             up
             ,
             untill
             the
             prices
             rise
             to
             their
             mindes
             :
             And
             we
             trade
             not
             with
             50
             ships
             into
             their
             Country
             in
             a
             yeare
             ;
             their
             number
             are
             about
             this
             Realm
             every
             Easterly
             winde
             for
             the
             most
             part
             ,
             to
             lade
             Coals
             and
             other
             merchandise
             .
             Again
             .
          
           
             Unlesse
             there
             be
             a
             Scarcity
             ,
             Dearth
             ,
             or
             High-prices
             ,
             Merchants
             do
             forbear
             that
             place
             ,
             where
             great
             Impositions
             are
             laid
             upon
             the
             merchandise
             ;
             And
             those
             places
             slenderly
             shipped
             ,
             all
             served
             ,
             and
             at
             deare
             rates
             ,
             and
             oftentimes
             in
             scarcity
             ,
             and
             want
             of
             imployment
             
             for
             the
             people
             .
             And
             those
             
               Petty-States
            
             finding
             truly
             by
             experience
             ,
             that
             small
             Duties
             imposed
             upon
             merchandise
             draweth
             all
             traffiique
             unto
             them
             ;
             and
             free
             liberty
             for
             Strangers
             to
             buy
             and
             sell
             ,
             doth
             make
             continual
             Marts
             :
             therefore
             whatever
             Excises
             or
             Impositions
             are
             laid
             upon
             the
             common
             people
             ;
             yet
             they
             still
             ease
             ,
             uphold
             ,
             and
             maintain
             the
             Merchants
             by
             all
             possible
             means
             ,
             of
             purpose
             to
             draw
             the
             wealth
             and
             strength
             of
             Christendome
             to
             themselves
             :
             whereby
             it
             appeareth
             ,
             though
             the
             Duties
             be
             but
             small
             ,
             yet
             the
             Customes
             for
             going
             out
             ,
             and
             coming
             in
             ,
             doth
             so
             abound
             ,
             that
             they
             increase
             their
             Revenues
             greatly
             ,
             and
             make
             great
             profit
             by
             sea
             and
             land
             ,
             in
             serving
             themselves
             and
             other
             Nations
             :
             likewise
             the
             great
             Concourse
             which
             comes
             by
             the
             same
             means
             ,
             enableth
             the
             Common-people
             to
             beare
             their
             burthen
             laid
             upon
             them
             ;
             and
             yet
             they
             grow
             rich
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             great
             Comerce
             and
             Trade
             occasioned
             by
             their
             convenient
             Priviledges
             and
             commodious
             Constitutions
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             an
             Entercourse
             of
             Traffique
             in
             
               G●●●a
               ,
            
             and
             in
             that
             City
             was
             the
             flower
             of
             Comerce
             ,
             as
             appeareth
             by
             their
             ancient
             Records
             and
             sumptuous
             Buildings
             ;
             all
             Nations
             traded
             with
             merchandises
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             there
             was
             the
             Storehouse
             of
             all
             
               Italy
            
             and
             other
             places
             :
             But
             after
             they
             had
             set
             a
             great
             Custome
             of
             
               XVI
               .
               per
               Cent.
            
             all
             Nations
             left
             trading
             with
             them
             ,
             which
             made
             them
             give
             themselvs
             wholly
             ●o
             Usury
             ;
             and
             at
             this
             day
             we
             have
             not
             ;
             ships
             go
             thither
             in
             a
             year
             .
             On
             the
             contrary
             ,
             the
             Duke
             of
             
               Florence
            
             builded
             
               Ligo●●
               ,
            
             and
             set
             small
             Customes
             upon
             merchandise
             ,
             gave
             them
             great
             and
             pleasing
             Priviledges
             ;
             which
             hath
             made
             that
             a
             rich
             and
             strong
             City
             ,
             with
             a
             flourishing
             State
             and
             Trade
             .
          
           
             Concerning
             the
             particular
             of
             Fishing
             ,
             and
             the
             greatest
             in
             the
             w●●ld
             ,
             which
             is
             upon
             the
             Coast
             of
             
               England
               ,
               Scotland
               ,
            
             and
             
               Ireland
               ,
            
             the
             Fishermen
             living
             (
             to
             our
             shame
             )
             in
             the
             
               Low-Countries
            
             and
             other
             
               Petty-States
               ,
            
             wherewith
             they
             serve
             themselves
             and
             all
             Christendome
             .
          
           
             In
             four
             Towns
             in
             the
             East-Kingdomes
             within
             the
             
               Sound
               ,
            
             viz.
             
               Quinsborough
               ,
               Elbing
               ,
               Statten
               ,
            
             and
             
               Da●zick
               ,
            
             there
             is
             carried
             and
             〈◊〉
             in
             a
             year
             between
             30
             &
             40000
             Lasts
             of
             Herrings
             ,
             sold
             at
             15
             or
             16
             pounds
             the
             Last
             ,
             which
             is
             170000
             pounds
             ;
             in
             such
             request
             are
             our
             herrings
             there
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             oftentimes
             sold
             for
             20
             ,
             24
             ,
             30
             ,
             and
             36
             pounds
             the
             Last
             .
             
               England
            
             sends
             not
             one
             Barrel
             into
             all
             those
             Countries
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Hollanders
            
             send
             into
             
               Russia
            
             neer
             1500
             Lasts
             sold
             at
             or
             about
             30●
             the
             ●●r●el
             ,
             which
             amounteth
             to
             27000
             pounds
             .
             
               England
               ,
            
             about
             20
             or
             30
             Lasts
             .
          
           
           
             To
             
               Sto●d
               ,
               Hamburgh
               ,
               Breame
               ,
            
             and
             
               Embden
               ,
            
             up
             the
             river
             of
             
               Elve
               ,
               Weazer
               ,
            
             and
             
               Embes
               ,
            
             is
             carried
             and
             vented
             of
             Fish
             and
             Herrings
             about
             6000
             Lasts
             ,
             sold
             at
             about
             15
             or
             16
             pounds
             the
             Last
             ,
             which
             comes
             to
             100000
             pounds
             yearly
             .
             
               England
               ,
            
             none
             .
          
           
             
               Cleveland
               ,
               Gulickland
               ,
            
             and
             so
             up
             the
             
               Rhine
            
             to
             
               Cullen
               ,
               Frankford
            
             on
             the
             
               Main
               ,
            
             and
             so
             over
             all
             
               Germany
               ,
            
             is
             carried
             and
             vented
             of
             Fish
             and
             Herrings
             20000
             Lasts
             ,
             sold
             at
             20l
             .
             the
             Last
             ,
             which
             is
             440000l
             .
             and
             we
             none
             .
          
           
             Up
             the
             River
             of
             
               Maze
               ,
               Leige
               ,
               Mastrick
               ,
               Vendlow
               ,
               Zu●phen
               ,
               Deventer
               ,
               Campen
               ,
               Swole
               ,
            
             and
             all
             over
             
               Lukeland
               ,
            
             is
             carried
             and
             vented
             of
             Herrings
             7000
             Lasts
             sold
             at
             20l
             .
             the
             Last
             ,
             which
             is
             140000.
             and
             we
             none
             .
          
           
             To
             
               Gelderland
               ,
               Artois
               ,
               Henalt
               ,
               Brabant
               ,
               Flanders
               ,
            
             up
             the
             River
             of
             
               Antwerp
               ,
            
             all
             over
             the
             Archdukes
             country
             ,
             is
             carried
             and
             vented
             between
             8
             or
             9000
             Lasts
             of
             of
             Herrings
             sold
             at
             18l
             .
             the
             Last
             ,
             which
             is
             170000l
             .
             and
             we
             none
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Hollanders
            
             &
             others
             carried
             of
             all
             sorts
             of
             Herrings
             to
             
               Roan
            
             only
             in
             one
             year
             ,
             besides
             all
             other
             Ports
             of
             
               France
               ,
            
             5000
             Lasts
             of
             Herrings
             ,
             sold
             at
             20l
             .
             the
             Last
             ,
             which
             is
             100000l
             .
             and
             we
             not
             100
             ●ast
             thither
             .
             They
             are
             sold
             oftentimes
             there
             for
             20
             ,
             24
             ,
             and
             30l
             .
             the
             Last
             .
          
           
             Between
             
               Christmas
            
             and
             
               Lent
               ,
            
             the
             Duties
             for
             Fish
             and
             Herrings
             came
             to
             15000
             Crowns
             at
             
               Roan
               ,
            
             that
             year
             the
             late
             Queen
             dec●ased
             ,
             (
             Sir
             
               Tho.
               Parry
            
             was
             Agent
             there
             then
             ,
             and
             
               St.
               
               Savours
            
             his
             man
             knoweth
             it
             to
             be
             true
             ,
             who
             handled
             the
             businesse
             for
             pulling
             down
             the
             Impositions
             .
             )
             Then
             what
             great
             summes
             of
             money
             came
             to
             all
             the
             Port-towns
             to
             enrich
             the
             French
             Kings
             coffers
             ,
             and
             to
             all
             the
             Kings
             and
             States
             throughout
             Christendome
             to
             enrich
             their
             coffers
             ?
             besides
             the
             great
             quantity
             vented
             to
             the
             
               Straits
               ,
            
             and
             the
             multitude
             spent
             in
             the
             
               Low-Countries
               ,
            
             where
             there
             is
             likewise
             sold
             many
             100000l
             .
             worth
             yearly
             .
             If
             this
             stream
             were
             turned
             to
             the
             good
             of
             this
             N●tion
             ,
             to
             whose
             Sea-coasts
             only
             God
             hath
             sent
             and
             given
             these
             great
             blessings
             and
             multitude
             of
             riches
             for
             us
             to
             take
             ▪
             how
             happy
             were
             it
             !
             The
             hurt
             ,
             on
             the
             contrary
             ,
             that
             any
             Nation
             should
             carry
             out
             of
             this
             Realme
             yearly
             such
             great
             masses
             of
             money
             ,
             for
             Fish
             they
             take
             on
             our
             Seas
             ,
             many
             of
             which
             sold
             againe
             by
             them
             to
             us
             ;
             must
             needs
             be
             great
             ,
             and
             as
             great
             dishonour
             to
             this
             Nation
             .
          
           
             From
             any
             Port
             Town
             of
             any
             Kingdome
             in
             Christendome
             ,
             the
             B●idge-master
             or
             the
             Wharf-master
             ,
             fo●
             20s
             .
             a
             year
             ,
             will
             deliver
             a
             ●●e
             Note
             of
             the
             Number
             of
             Lasts
             of
             Herrings
             brought
             to
             their
             
             Wharfs
             ,
             and
             their
             Prices
             commonly
             sold
             at
             .
             The
             number
             brought
             To
             
               Dansick
               ,
               Cullen
               ;
               Rotterdam
               ,
            
             and
             
               Enchusen
               ,
            
             it
             will
             cost
             3
             ,
             4
             ,
             or
             5l
             .
             for
             a
             true
             Note
             .
          
           
             The
             abundance
             of
             
               Corne
            
             groweth
             in
             the
             East
             Kingdoms
             :
             but
             the
             great
             Store-houses
             for
             Grain
             ,
             to
             serve
             Christendome
             ,
             and
             the
             Heathen
             Countries
             (
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Dearth
             )
             is
             in
             the
             
               Low-Countries
               ,
            
             wherewith
             upon
             every
             occasion
             of
             scarcity
             and
             dearth
             ,
             they
             enrich
             themselves
             seven
             years
             after
             ,
             and
             imploy
             their
             people
             ,
             and
             get
             great
             fraight
             for
             their
             Ships
             in
             other
             Countries
             ;
             and
             we
             not
             one
             in
             that
             course
             .
          
           
             The
             mighty
             
               Vineyards
               ,
            
             and
             store
             of
             
               Salt
               ,
            
             is
             in
             
               France
            
             and
             
               Spain
               :
            
             But
             the
             great
             Vintage
             ,
             and
             Staple
             of
             Salt
             ,
             is
             in
             th●Low-Countries
             
               ;
            
             and
             they
             send
             neer
             1000.
             
             Saile
             of
             ships
             with
             Salt
             and
             Wine
             onely
             into
             the
             East-Kingdomes
             yearly
             ,
             besides
             many
             other
             places
             ;
             and
             we
             not
             one
             in
             that
             course
             .
          
           
             The
             exceeding
             Groves
             of
             
               Wood
            
             are
             in
             the
             East-Kingdomes
             :
             But
             the
             huge
             Piles
             of
             Wainscot
             ,
             Clapboards
             ,
             Fir-deale
             ,
             Masts
             ,
             and
             Timber
             ,
             is
             in
             the
             
               Low-Countries
               ,
            
             where
             none
             groweth
             ;
             wherewith
             they
             serve
             themselves
             and
             other
             parts
             ,
             and
             this
             Kingdome
             with
             those
             Commodities
             .
             They
             have
             5
             or
             600
             great
             long
             Ships
             continually
             using
             that
             Trade
             ;
             and
             we
             not
             one
             in
             that
             course
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Wooll
               ,
               Cloth
               ,
               Lead
               ,
            
             and
             
               Tyn
               ,
            
             with
             divers
             Commodities
             are
             in
             
               England
               :
            
             But
             by
             means
             of
             our
             Wooll
             and
             Cloth
             going
             out
             rough
             ,
             undrest
             ,
             and
             undyed
             ,
             there
             is
             an
             exceeding
             Manufacturie
             in
             the
             
               Low-Countries
               ,
            
             wherewith
             they
             serve
             themselves
             and
             other
             Nations
             ;
             which
             advanceth
             greatly
             the
             imployment
             of
             their
             people
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             traffique
             abroad
             ,
             and
             putteth
             down
             ours
             in
             forain
             parts
             where
             our
             Merchants
             trade
             unto
             ,
             with
             our
             own
             Commodities
             :
             we
             dressing
             and
             dying
             it
             basely
             ;
             they
             to
             that
             perfection
             ,
             that
             they
             will
             not
             fail
             colour
             ,
             or
             be
             threed-bare
             in
             seven
             years
             wearing
             .
          
           
             We
             send
             into
             the
             East-Kingdoms
             yearly
             but
             100
             ships
             ;
             and
             our
             Trade
             chiefly
             dependeth
             upon
             three
             Towns
             ,
             
               Elbing
               ,
               Kingsborough
               ,
            
             and
             
               Dantzick
               ,
            
             for
             making
             our
             Sales
             ,
             and
             buying
             their
             Commodities
             sent
             into
             this
             Realm
             at
             dear
             rates
             ,
             which
             this
             Kingdome
             beareth
             the
             burthen
             of
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Low-Countries
            
             send
             into
             the
             East-Kingdoms
             yearly
             about
             3000
             ships
             ,
             trading
             into
             every
             City
             and
             Port-Town
             ,
             taking
             the
             advantage
             and
             vending
             their
             Commodities
             to
             exceeding
             profit
             ,
             buying
             and
             lading
             their
             ships
             with
             plenty
             of
             those
             Commodities
             which
             they
             have
             from
             every
             of
             those
             Towns
             20l
             .
             
               per
               cent
               .
            
             better
             
             cheap
             then
             we
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             difference
             of
             their
             Coyn
             ;
             and
             their
             Fish
             yieldeth
             ready
             mony
             :
             which
             greatly
             advanceth
             their
             traffique●
             and
             decayeth
             ours
             .
          
           
             They
             send
             into
             
               France
               ,
               Spain
               ,
               Portugal
               ,
            
             and
             
               Italy
               ,
            
             from
             the
             East-Kingdoms
             ,
             (
             that
             passeth
             through
             the
             
               Sound
               ,
            
             and
             through
             our
             Narrow-seas
             )
             yearly
             of
             the
             East-country
             Commodities
             about
             2000
             ships
             ,
             and
             we
             none
             in
             that
             course
             .
          
           
             They
             trade
             into
             all
             Cities
             and
             Port-Towns
             in
             
               France
               ;
            
             We
             chiefly
             to
             five
             or
             sixe
             .
          
           
             They
             traffique
             into
             every
             City
             and
             Port-Town
             round
             about
             this
             Land
             ,
             with
             5
             or
             600
             ships
             yearly
             ;
             And
             we
             chiefly
             but
             to
             three
             Towns
             in
             their
             Country
             ,
             and
             but
             with
             40
             ships
             .
          
           
             Notwithstanding
             the
             
               Low-Countries
            
             have
             as
             many
             Ships
             and
             Vessels
             as
             all
             the
             Kingdomes
             of
             Christendome
             have
             ,
             (
             let
             
               England
            
             be
             one
             )
             and
             build
             every
             year
             neer
             1000
             ships
             ,
             and
             not
             a
             Timber-tree
             growing
             in
             their
             own
             country
             ;
             also
             all
             their
             homebred
             commodities
             that
             grow
             in
             their
             land
             in
             a
             yeare
             ,
             lesse
             then
             100
             good
             ships
             are
             able
             to
             carry
             away
             at
             one
             time
             :
             Yet
             they
             handle
             the
             matter
             so
             (
             for
             setting
             them
             all
             on
             work
             )
             that
             their
             Traffique
             with
             the
             
               Hance-Towns
            
             exceedeth
             in
             shipping
             all
             Christendome
             .
          
           
             We
             have
             all
             things
             of
             our
             own
             in
             superabundance
             to
             increase
             Traffique
             ,
             and
             Timber
             to
             build
             ships
             ,
             and
             Commodities
             of
             our
             own
             to
             load
             about
             1000
             Ships
             and
             Vessels
             at
             one
             time
             ,
             (
             besides
             the
             great
             Fishing
             )
             and
             as
             fast
             as
             they
             have
             made
             their
             Voyages
             might
             lade
             ,
             and
             so
             year
             after
             year
             ▪
             all
             the
             year
             long
             to
             continue
             :
             yet
             our
             ships
             and
             mariners
             decline
             ▪
             and
             Traffique
             and
             Merchants
             daily
             decay
             .
          
           
             The
             main
             bulk
             and
             masse
             of
             Herrings
             ,
             from
             whence
             they
             raise
             so
             many
             Millions
             yearly
             ,
             that
             enricheth
             other
             Kingdoms
             ,
             Kings
             and
             States
             coffers
             ,
             and
             likewise
             their
             own
             people
             ,
             proc●edeth
             from
             our
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ;
             and
             the
             Return
             of
             the
             Commodities
             and
             Coin
             they
             bring
             home
             in
             exchange
             of
             Fish
             and
             other
             Commodities
             ,
             are
             so
             huge
             ,
             as
             would
             declare
             a
             large
             Discourse
             apart
             :
             All
             the
             amends
             they
             make
             us
             ,
             is
             ,
             They
             beat
             us
             out
             of
             Trade
             in
             all
             parts
             with
             our
             own
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             For
             instance
             :
             We
             had
             a
             great
             Trade
             in
             
               Russia
            
             70
             years
             ●
             and
             about
             14
             years
             past
             ,
             we
             sent
             store
             of
             goodly
             ships
             to
             trade
             in
             those
             parts
             ,
             and
             three
             years
             past
             we
             set
             out
             but
             four
             ,
             and
             this
             last
             year
             two
             or
             th●ee
             .
             But
             to
             the
             contrary
             ;
             the
             
               Hollanders
            
             about
             20
             years
             since
             traded
             thither
             with
             two
             ships
             only
             ,
             yet
             now
             they
             are
             increased
             to
             about
             thirty
             or
             forty
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             their
             ships
             is
             as
             great
             as
             two
             of
             
             ours
             ;
             and
             the
             same
             time
             (
             in
             their
             troubles
             there
             )
             that
             we
             decreased
             ,
             they
             increased
             ;
             and
             the
             chiefest
             Commodities
             they
             carry
             thither
             with
             them
             is
             English
             Cloth
             ,
             Herrings
             taken
             on
             our
             Coast
             ,
             English
             Lead
             and
             Pewter
             made
             of
             our
             Tin
             ,
             besides
             other
             Commodities
             :
             All
             which
             we
             may
             do
             better
             then
             they
             .
             And
             although
             it
             be
             a
             cheap
             Country
             ,
             and
             the
             Trade
             very
             gainful
             ,
             yet
             we
             have
             almost
             brought
             it
             to
             nought
             by
             disorderly
             Trading
             ,
             Joint-stock
             ,
             and
             the
             Merchants
             bandying
             themselves
             one
             against
             another
             .
          
           
             We
             used
             to
             have
             8
             or
             9
             great
             ships
             to
             go
             continually
             a
             fishing
             to
             
               Wardhouse
               ,
            
             and
             this
             year
             but
             one
             ;
             and
             so
             
               pro
               rato
            
             they
             out-goe
             us
             in
             all
             kind
             of
             Fishing
             and
             Merchandising
             in
             all
             Countries
             ,
             by
             reason
             they
             spare
             no
             cost
             ,
             nor
             deny
             no
             Priviledges
             that
             may
             encourage
             Advancement
             of
             Trade
             and
             Manufacturie
             .
          
           
             IF
             it
             stand
             with
             the
             good
             liking
             of
             the
             STATES
             to
             take
             notice
             of
             these
             things
             conceived
             to
             be
             fit
             for
             their
             consideration
             ,
             which
             is
             tendered
             unto
             them
             out
             of
             unfained
             zeale
             to
             the
             Advancement
             of
             the
             generall
             good
             of
             all
             Subjects
             ;
             it
             being
             apparent
             that
             no
             three
             Kingdoms
             in
             Christendome
             can
             compare
             with
             this
             for
             support
             of
             Traffique
             ,
             and
             continual
             imployment
             of
             the
             people
             within
             themselves
             ,
             having
             so
             many
             great
             means
             both
             by
             sea
             and
             land
             to
             enrich
             ,
             multiply
             the
             Navy
             ,
             enlarge
             Traffique
             ,
             make
             the
             Nation
             powerful
             ,
             and
             People
             rich
             ,
             who
             through
             idlenesse
             are
             poor
             ,
             wanting
             imployment
             ;
             many
             Land
             and
             Coast-Towns
             much
             ruinated
             ;
             need
             of
             Coyn
             ;
             Shipping
             ,
             Traffique
             ,
             and
             Mariners
             decayed
             ;
             whil'st
             Neighbour-Princes
             (
             without
             these
             means
             )
             abound
             in
             wealth
             ,
             enlarge
             their
             Towns
             ,
             increase
             their
             shipping
             ,
             Traffique
             ,
             and
             Mariners
             ,
             and
             find
             out
             such
             imployment
             for
             their
             people
             ,
             that
             are
             all
             Advantages
             to
             their
             Commonwealth
             ;
             only
             by
             ordaining
             commodious
             Constitutions
             in
             Merchandizing
             ,
             and
             fulnesse
             of
             Trade
             to
             all
             their
             people
             in
             Manufacturie
             .
          
           
             God
             hath
             blest
             this
             Nation
             with
             incomparable
             benefits
             :
             As
             ,
             with
             
               Copper
               ,
               Lead
               ,
               Iron
               ,
               Tinne
               ,
               Allome
               ,
               Copperas
               ,
               Saffron
               ,
               Fells
               ,
            
             and
             divers
             other
             native
             commodities
             ,
             to
             the
             number
             of
             an
             hundred
             ,
             and
             other
             Manufacturies
             vendible
             to
             the
             number
             of
             a
             thousand
             ,
             (
             as
             shall
             appeare
             )
             besides
             
               Corne
               ,
            
             whereof
             great
             quantity
             of
             
               Beere
            
             is
             made
             ,
             and
             most
             transported
             by
             strangers
             ;
             as
             also
             
               Wooll
               ,
            
             whereof
             much
             is
             shipped
             forth
             unwrought
             into
             Cloth
             or
             Stuffs
             ,
             and
             
               Cloth
            
             transported
             undyed
             ,
             which
             doth
             imploy
             and
             maintain
             neer
             50000
             people
             in
             forain
             parts
             ,
             our
             own
             people
             wanting
             that
             imployment
             in
             
               England
               ,
            
             many
             of
             them
             being
             inforced
             to
             live
             in
             great
             want
             ,
             and
             seek
             it
             beyond
             the
             seas
             .
          
           
           
             
               Coals
               ,
            
             which
             doth
             imploy
             neer
             600
             strangers
             ships
             yearly
             to
             transport
             them
             out
             of
             this
             Kingdom
             ,
             whilst
             we
             do
             not
             imploy
             twenty
             ships
             in
             that
             course
             .
          
           
             
               Iron-Ordinance
               ,
            
             which
             is
             a
             Jewel
             of
             great
             value
             far
             more
             then
             it
             is
             accounted
             ,
             by
             reason
             that
             no
             other
             Country
             could
             ever
             attain
             unto
             it
             ,
             although
             they
             have
             assayed
             it
             with
             great
             charge
             .
          
           
             
               Timber
            
             for
             building
             of
             ships
             ,
             and
             
               Commodities
            
             plenty
             to
             lade
             them
             ,
             which
             Commodities
             other
             Nations
             want
             ;
             yet
             wee
             decline
             in
             shipping
             ,
             traffique
             ,
             and
             mariners
             .
          
        
         
           
             These
             inconveniences
             happen
             by
             three
             causes
             especially
             .
          
           
             
               1.
               
               The
               unprofitable
               Course
               of
               Merchandizing
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Want
               of
               the
               true
               Course
               of
               full
               Manufacturie
               of
               our
               home-bred
               Commodities
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Undervaluing
               our
               Coynes
               contrary
               to
               the
               Rules
               of
               other
               Nations
               .
            
          
           
             For
             instance
             :
             The
             
               Merchant-Adventurers
            
             by
             over-trading
             upon
             Credit
             ,
             or
             with
             mony
             taken
             up
             upon
             Exchange
             ,
             whereby
             they
             lose
             usually
             10.
             or
             12.
             and
             sometimes
             15.
             or
             16.
             
               per
               cent
               .
            
             are
             inforced
             to
             make
             sale
             of
             their
             Clothes
             at
             under-rates
             ,
             to
             keep
             their
             credit
             ;
             whereby
             
               Cloth
            
             (
             being
             the
             Jewel
             of
             the
             Land
             )
             is
             undervalued
             ,
             and
             the
             Merchant
             in
             short
             time
             eaten
             out
             .
          
           
             The
             Merchants
             of
             
               Ipswich
               ,
            
             whose
             Trade
             for
             
               Elbing
            
             is
             chiefly
             for
             fine
             Clothes
             ,
             and
             some
             few
             sorting
             Clothes
             ,
             (
             all
             died
             and
             dressed
             within
             this
             Land
             )
             do
             for
             the
             most
             part
             buy
             their
             fine
             Clothes
             upon
             Time
             ,
             and
             by
             reason
             they
             go
             so
             much
             upon
             Credit
             ,
             they
             are
             enforced
             (
             not
             being
             able
             to
             stand
             upon
             their
             Markets
             )
             to
             sell
             ,
             giving
             15
             or
             18
             moneths
             day
             of
             payment
             for
             their
             Clothes
             ;
             and
             having
             sold
             them
             ,
             they
             then
             presently
             sell
             their
             Bills
             (
             so
             taken
             for
             Cloth
             )
             allowing
             after
             the
             rate
             of
             14
             or
             15
             ▪
             and
             sometimes
             20
             
               per
               cent
               .
            
             which
             money
             they
             imploy
             forthwith
             in
             Wares
             at
             excessive
             prices
             ,
             and
             lose
             as
             much
             more
             that
             way
             ,
             by
             that
             time
             their
             Wares
             be
             sold
             at
             home
             .
             Thus
             by
             over-running
             themselves
             upon
             Credit
             ,
             they
             disable
             themselves
             and
             others
             ,
             inhancing
             the
             price
             of
             forain
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             pulling
             down
             the
             Rates
             of
             their
             own
             .
          
           
             The
             
               West-Country
               Merchants
            
             that
             trade
             with
             
               Clothes
            
             into
             
               France
            
             or
             
               Spain
               ,
            
             do
             usually
             imploy
             their
             Servants
             ,
             Young
             ▪
             men
             of
             small
             experience
             ,
             (
             and
             doth
             not
             
               London
            
             so
             likewise
             ?
             )
             who
             by
             cunning
             combining
             of
             the
             
               French
            
             and
             
               Spanish
               Merchants
            
             are
             so
             intrapped
             ,
             that
             when
             all
             Customes
             and
             Charges
             be
             accounted
             ,
             their
             Masters
             shall
             handly
             receive
             their
             Principal-mony
             .
             As
             for
             Returns
             out
             of
             
             
               France
               ,
            
             their
             silver
             and
             gold
             is
             so
             high-rated
             ,
             that
             our
             Merchants
             cannot
             bring
             it
             home
             ,
             but
             to
             great
             losse
             .
             Therefore
             the
             French
             Merchants
             set
             higher
             Rates
             of
             their
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             we
             must
             either
             buy
             dear
             ,
             or
             let
             our
             money
             lie
             dead
             there
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             untill
             we
             may
             conveniently
             imploy
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Northern
               Merchants
            
             of
             
               York
               ,
               Hull
               ,
            
             and
             
               Newcastle
               ,
            
             trade
             onely
             in
             
               White-Kersies
            
             and
             
               Coloured-Dozens
               ;
            
             and
             every
             Merchant
             (
             be
             his
             Adventure
             never
             so
             small
             )
             doth
             for
             the
             most
             part
             send
             over
             an
             unexperienced
             Youth
             ,
             unfit
             for
             Mechandising
             ;
             which
             bringeth
             to
             the
             Stranger
             great
             advantage
             ,
             but
             to
             his
             Master
             and
             Commonweale
             great
             hinderance
             .
             For
             they
             ,
             before
             their
             goods
             be
             landed
             ,
             go
             to
             the
             Stranger
             ,
             and
             buy
             such
             quantities
             of
             
               Iron
               ,
               Flax
               ,
               Corn
               ,
            
             and
             other
             Commodities
             as
             they
             are
             bound
             to
             lade
             their
             ships
             withall
             ,
             which
             ships
             they
             engage
             themselves
             to
             relade
             within
             three
             weeks
             or
             a
             moneth
             ,
             and
             do
             give
             the
             price
             the
             Merchant-stranger
             asketh
             ,
             because
             he
             giveth
             them
             Credit
             ,
             and
             lets
             them
             ship
             away
             their
             
               Iron
               ,
               Flax
               ,
            
             and
             other
             Commodities
             ,
             before
             they
             have
             sold
             their
             
               Kersies
            
             and
             other
             Clothes
             ;
             by
             which
             means
             extraordinary
             deare
             Commodities
             are
             returned
             into
             the
             Realm
             ,
             and
             the
             Servant
             also
             inforced
             to
             sell
             his
             
               Clothes
            
             underfoot
             ,
             and
             oftentimes
             to
             losse
             ,
             to
             keep
             his
             Credit
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             payment
             for
             the
             goods
             before
             shipped
             home
             ,
             having
             some
             20
             dayes
             or
             a
             moneths
             respite
             to
             sell
             the
             
               Clothes
            
             and
             to
             give
             the
             Merchant
             satisfaction
             for
             his
             
               Iron
               ,
               Flax
               ,
            
             and
             other
             Wares
             ;
             by
             which
             extremities
             our
             homebred
             Commodities
             are
             abased
             .
          
        
         
           
             Touching
             Manufacturie
             .
          
           
             THere
             hath
             been
             about
             80000
             undrest
             and
             undyed
             Cloths
             yeerly
             transported
             .
             Which
             in
             55
             years
             ,
             is
             neere
             20
             Millions
             that
             would
             have
             been
             gained
             by
             the
             labour
             of
             poore
             workmen
             in
             that
             time
             ,
             with
             the
             Marchants
             gains
             for
             bringing
             in
             dying
             stuffs
             and
             return
             of
             Cloths
             dressed
             and
             dyed
             ▪
             with
             other
             benefits
             to
             the
             Realm
             ;
             besides
             exceeding
             in
             larging
             of
             Traffique
             ,
             and
             increase
             of
             Ships
             and
             Mariners
             .
          
           
             There
             would
             have
             been
             gained
             in
             that
             time
             about
             three
             Millions
             by
             increase
             of
             Custome
             upon
             Commodities
             returned
             for
             Clothes
             dressed
             and
             dyed
             ,
             and
             for
             dyeing
             stuffs
             ,
             which
             would
             have
             more
             plentifully
             been
             brought
             in
             and
             used
             for
             the
             same
             .
          
           
             There
             hath
             been
             also
             transported
             in
             that
             time
             yearly
             by
             Bayze
             ,
             five
             
             Northern
             and
             Devonshire
             Kersies
             white
             ,
             about
             ▪
             50000
             Clothes
             ,
             accounting
             three
             Kersies
             to
             a
             Cloth
             ,
             whereby
             hath
             been
             lost
             about
             five
             Millions
             by
             these
             sort
             of
             Clothes
             in
             that
             time
             ,
             which
             would
             have
             come
             to
             poore
             workmen
             for
             their
             labour
             ,
             with
             the
             Custome
             of
             Dyeing
             stuffs
             ,
             and
             the
             peoples
             profit
             for
             bringing
             them
             in
             ,
             with
             returns
             of
             other
             Commodities
             .
          
           
             Bayze
             are
             transported
             white
             unto
             
               Amsterdam
               ,
            
             and
             being
             there
             drest
             and
             dyed
             are
             shipped
             into
             
               Spaine
               ,
               Portugal
               ,
            
             and
             other
             Kingdomes
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             sold
             in
             the
             name
             of
             Flemish
             Bayze
             ,
             setting
             their
             own
             Town-Seale
             upon
             them
             :
             so
             that
             we
             lose
             the
             very
             name
             of
             our
             homebred
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             other
             Countries
             get
             the
             reputation
             and
             profit
             thereof
             .
             Lamentable
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             this
             Land
             should
             be
             deprived
             of
             so
             many
             aforementioned
             Millions
             ,
             and
             that
             our
             Native
             Commodities
             of
             Cloth
             (
             ordained
             of
             God
             for
             the
             natural
             subjects
             ,
             being
             so
             royal
             and
             rich
             in
             it selfe
             )
             should
             be
             driven
             to
             so
             smal
             advantage
             of
             reputation
             and
             profit
             to
             the
             people
             ,
             and
             so
             much
             improved
             and
             intercepted
             by
             strangers
             ,
             considering
             that
             God
             hath
             inabled
             &
             given
             this
             Nation
             more
             conveniency
             to
             advance
             dressing
             ,
             dying
             ,
             and
             transporting
             of
             all
             Cloths
             .
          
           
             All
             the
             Companies
             of
             the
             Land
             transport
             Cloths
             dressed
             and
             dyed
             to
             the
             good
             of
             the
             kingdome
             (
             except
             the
             Merchant-Adventurers
             )
             whereby
             ,
             the
             Easterland
             and
             Turky
             Marchants
             with
             other
             Companies
             do
             increase
             Customes
             by
             bringing
             in
             and
             spending
             Dyeingstuffs
             ,
             and
             setting
             people
             on
             work
             by
             dressing
             and
             dying
             afore
             they
             transport
             them
             ;
             and
             they
             might
             increase
             far
             more
             Custome
             to
             ,
             and
             make
             much
             more
             profit
             to
             themselves
             and
             this
             Realm
             ,
             and
             set
             many
             thousands
             of
             poore
             people
             more
             on
             work
             (
             for
             dressing
             and
             dying
             )
             and
             likewise
             imploy
             more
             ships
             and
             Mariners
             for
             bringing
             in
             dyeing
             stuffs
             ,
             were
             it
             not
             for
             the
             Merchant-Adventurers
             who
             transport
             their
             Cloths
             white
             ,
             rough
             ,
             undrest
             ,
             and
             undyed
             into
             the
             Low-Countries
             ,
             where
             they
             sell
             them
             to
             the
             strangers
             ,
             who
             afterwards
             dresse
             ,
             dye
             ,
             and
             stretch
             them
             to
             such
             unreasonable
             lengths
             (
             contrary
             to
             our
             Law
             )
             that
             they
             prevent
             and
             forestal
             our
             Markets
             ,
             and
             crosse
             the
             just
             prohibition
             of
             our
             State
             and
             Realm
             by
             their
             Agents
             and
             Factors
             lying
             in
             divers
             places
             with
             our
             own
             Cloths
             :
             to
             the
             great
             decay
             of
             this
             Nation
             in
             general
             ,
             and
             discredit
             of
             our
             Cloths
             in
             particular
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             account
             were
             truly
             known
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             found
             that
             they
             make
             not
             cleere
             profit
             (
             only
             by
             Cloth
             undyed
             )
             60000.
             l.
             a
             yeer
             .
             But
             it
             is
             most
             apparent
             in
             Customes
             ,
             the
             Merchants
             in
             their
             sales
             ,
             
             and
             prizes
             ;
             Subjects
             ,
             in
             their
             labours
             for
             lack
             of
             not
             dressing
             ;
             ships
             and
             Mariners
             in
             not
             bringing
             in
             of
             Dying
             stuffs
             ,
             and
             spending
             of
             Allome
             ,
             is
             hindred
             yearly
             a
             million
             of
             pounds
             .
             So
             that
             trade
             is
             driven
             to
             the
             great
             hinderance
             of
             the
             people
             ,
             by
             putting
             native
             Commodities
             to
             passe
             rough
             ,
             undrest
             and
             undyed
             by
             the
             Merchant-Adventurers
             .
          
        
         
           
             Touching
             Fishing
             .
          
           
             THe
             great
             Sea-businesse
             of
             Fishing
             doth
             imploy
             neer
             20000
             ships
             and
             vessels
             ,
             and
             400000
             people
             are
             employed
             yearly
             upon
             the
             Coasts
             of
             
               England
               ,
               Scotland
            
             and
             
               Ireland
               ,
            
             with
             60
             ships
             of
             war
             ,
             which
             may
             prove
             dangerous
             .
          
           
             The
             Hollanders
             only
             have
             about
             3000
             ships
             to
             fish
             withal
             ,
             and
             50000
             people
             are
             imployed
             yearly
             upon
             the
             Coasts
             of
             
               England
               ,
               Scotland
            
             and
             
               Ireland
               .
            
          
           
             These
             3000
             fishing-ships
             and
             Vessels
             of
             the
             Hollanders
             ,
             doth
             imploy
             neere
             9000
             other
             ships
             and
             vessels
             ,
             and
             150000
             persons
             more
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             to
             make
             provision
             to
             dresse
             and
             transport
             the
             fish
             they
             take
             ,
             and
             return
             Commodities
             ;
             whereby
             they
             are
             inabled
             ,
             and
             do
             build
             yearly
             1000
             ships
             and
             vessels
             ,
             having
             not
             one
             Tymber
             tree
             growing
             in
             their
             own
             Country
             ,
             nor
             homebred
             Commodities
             to
             lade
             100
             ships
             ,
             and
             yet
             they
             have
             20000
             ships
             and
             vessels
             ,
             and
             all
             imployed
             .
          
           
             King
             
               Henry
            
             the
             seventh
             ,
             desirous
             to
             make
             his
             kingdomes
             powerful
             and
             rich
             by
             increase
             of
             ships
             and
             Mariners
             ,
             and
             imployment
             of
             his
             people
             ,
             sent
             unto
             his
             Sea-coast
             Towns
             ,
             moving
             them
             to
             set
             up
             the
             great
             and
             rich
             Fishing
             ,
             with
             promise
             to
             give
             them
             needful
             priviledges
             ,
             and
             to
             furnish
             them
             with
             Loans
             of
             mony
             (
             if
             need
             were
             )
             to
             incourage
             them
             ;
             yet
             his
             people
             were
             slack
             .
             Having
             traced
             this
             businesse
             ,
             and
             made
             known
             to
             this
             State
             ,
             the
             Marchants
             and
             others
             ,
             it
             will
             do
             well
             ,
             the
             able
             and
             well-affected
             set
             down
             under
             their
             hands
             for
             more
             assurance
             and
             promise
             ,
             to
             disburse
             sums
             of
             mony
             for
             building
             this
             great
             and
             rich
             large
             Sea-City
             ,
             which
             will
             increase
             more
             strength
             to
             the
             Land
             ,
             give
             more
             comfort
             and
             do
             more
             good
             to
             all
             Cities
             and
             Towns
             ,
             then
             all
             the
             Companies
             of
             the
             Kingdome
             ,
             having
             fit
             and
             needful
             priviledges
             for
             the
             upholding
             and
             strengthening
             of
             so
             weighty
             and
             behoveful
             a
             businesse
             .
          
           
             For
             example
             ,
             twenty
             Busses
             built
             and
             put
             into
             a
             Sea-coast
             Town
             where
             there
             is
             not
             one
             ship
             before
             ;
             there
             must
             be
             to
             carry
             ,
             recarry
             ,
             transport
             and
             make
             provision
             for
             one
             Busse
             ,
             3
             ships
             :
             likewise
             every
             ship
             setteth
             on
             work
             30
             several
             Trades
             and
             occupations
             ,
             and
             400
             
             persons
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             insomuch
             as
             300
             persons
             are
             not
             able
             to
             make
             one
             fleet
             of
             Nets
             in
             4
             moneths
             for
             one
             Busse
             ,
             which
             is
             no
             smal
             imployment
             .
          
           
             Thus
             by
             20
             Busses
             are
             set
             on
             work
             neer
             8000
             persons
             by
             sea
             and
             land
             ,
             and
             an
             increase
             of
             above
             1000
             marriners
             ,
             and
             a
             fleet
             of
             80
             sayle
             of
             ships
             to
             belong
             to
             one
             Town
             ,
             where
             none
             were
             before
             ;
             to
             take
             the
             wealth
             of
             the
             Sea
             ,
             to
             enrich
             and
             strengthen
             the
             Land
             ,
             only
             by
             the
             raising
             of
             20
             Busses
             .
          
           
             Then
             what
             good
             a
             thousand
             or
             two
             will
             do
             ,
             I
             leave
             it
             to
             consideration
             .
          
           
             It
             is
             worthy
             to
             be
             noted
             how
             necessary
             Fishermen
             are
             to
             the
             Common-wealth
             ,
             and
             how
             needful
             to
             be
             advanced
             and
             cherished
             ,
             
               viz.
               
            
          
           
             
               1.
               
               For
               taking
               Gods
               blessing
               out
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               to
               inrich
               the
               Realm
               ,
               which
               otherwise
               we
               lose
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               For
               setting
               the
               people
               on
               work
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               For
               making
               cheapnesse
               and
               plenty
               in
               the
               Realm
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               For
               increasing
               of
               shipping
               to
               make
               the
               Land
               powerful
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               For
               a
               continual
               Nurcerie
               for
               breeding
               and
               increasing
               of
               Mariners
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               For
               making
               imployment
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               people
               ,
               as
               blind
               ,
               lame
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               by
               Sea
               and
               Land
               ,
               for
               10
               ,
               or
               12
               years
               upwards
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               For
               increase
               of
               Custome
               upon
               Merchandises
               returned
               from
               other
               Countries
               for
               Fish
               and
               Herrings
               .
            
             
               8
               For
               increase
               and
               inabling
               of
               Merchants
               ,
               which
               now
               droope
               and
               daily
               decay
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             Touching
             the
             Coyne
             .
          
           
             FOr
             the
             most
             part
             all
             Free-states
             (
             both
             Heathen
             and
             Christian
             )
             as
             
               Turkey
               ,
               Barbary
               ,
               France
               ,
               Poland
               ,
            
             and
             others
             do
             hold
             for
             a
             rule
             of
             never
             failing
             profit
             ,
             to
             keep
             their
             Coyn
             at
             higher
             rates
             within
             their
             own
             Territories
             ,
             then
             it
             is
             in
             other
             Kingdoms
             .
             
               
                 The
                 Causes
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 To
                 perserve
                 the
                 Coyne
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 To
                 bring
                 unto
                 themselves
                 that
                 of
                 foraigne
                 Princes
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 To
                 inforce
                 Merchant
                 strangers
                 to
                 take
                 their
                 Commodities
                 at
                 high
                 rates
                 ,
                 which
                 this
                 Nation
                 beareth
                 the
                 burthen
                 of
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
               For
               Instance
               .
            
             
               The
               King
               of
               
                 Barbary
              
               perceiving
               the
               trade
               of
               Christian
               Merchants
               to
               increase
               in
               his
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               that
               the
               returns
               out
               of
               his
               Kingdom
               was
               most
               in
               gold
               ,
               whereby
               it
               was
               much
               inhanced
               ,
               raised
               his
               
               Ducket
               (
               being
               then
               current
               for
               three
               ounces
               )
               to
               4.
               5.
               and
               6.
               ounces
               ;
               Nevertherlesse
               it
               was
               no
               more
               in
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               being
               so
               raised
               ,
               then
               when
               it
               went
               for
               three
               ounces
               .
            
             
               This
               Ducket
               current
               for
               three
               ounces
               in
               
                 Barbary
                 ,
              
               was
               then
               worth
               in
               
                 England
              
               7s
               .
               6d
               .
               and
               no
               more
               ,
               being
               raised
               to
               vj
               .
               ounces
               ,
               since
               which
               ,
               adding
               to
               it
               a
               small
               piece
               of
               gold
               ,
               he
               hath
               raised
               it
               to
               8.
               and
               lastly
               to
               10
               ounces
               ,
               yet
               at
               this
               day
               it
               is
               worth
               but
               xs
               .
               and
               one
               penny
               ,
               notwithstanding
               the
               raising
               gold
               in
               
                 England
                 .
              
            
             
               Having
               thus
               raised
               his
               Gold
               ,
               he
               then
               devised
               to
               have
               plentie
               of
               silver
               brought
               into
               his
               Kingdom
               ,
               raised
               the
               Royal
               of
               8.
               being
               but
               2
               ounces
               currant
               ,
               to
               3.
               and
               3.
               and
               ●
               .
               which
               caused
               great
               plenty
               of
               silver
               to
               be
               brought
               in
               ,
               and
               to
               continue
               in
               his
               Kingdom
               .
            
          
           
             
               IN
               FRANCE
               .
            
             
               The
               English
               
                 Jacobus
              
               goeth
               for
               23s
               .
               in
               Merchandizing
               .
            
             
               The
               French
               Crown
               for
               7s
               .
               6d
               .
               Also
               silver
               is
               raised
               4.
               
               Souce
               in
               the
               Crown
               .
            
          
           
             
               NORTH-HOLLAND
               .
            
             
               The
               double
               
                 Jacobus
              
               goeth
               for
               23s
               .
               sterling
               .
            
             
               The
               English
               Shilling
               is
               there
               11
               stivers
               ,
               which
               is
               two
               shillings
               over
               in
               the
               pound
               .
            
          
           
             
               POLAND
               .
            
             
               The
               King
               of
               
                 Poland
              
               raised
               his
               
                 Hungary
              
               Ducket
               from
               56
               to
               77.
               and
               ½
               .
               Polish
               groshes
               ;
               and
               the
               Rich-dollar
               from
               36
               to
               47.
               and
               ½
               .
               groshes
               :
               the
               Rich-dollar
               worth
               in
               
                 Poland
              
               47.
               and
               ½
               .
               groshes
               ,
               is
               by
               Accompt
               valued
               at
               6s
               .
               4d
               .
               sterling
               ,
               and
               here
               in
               
                 England
              
               is
               worth
               but
               4s
               .
               6d
               .
               The
               
                 Hungary
              
               Ducket
               is
               worth
               by
               accompt
               in
               
                 Poland
              
               10s
               .
               4d
               .
               and
               in
               
                 England
              
               is
               worth
               but
               7s
               .
               10d
               .
               The
               Jacobus
               of
               
                 England
              
               here
               current
               for
               22s
               .
               in
               
                 Poland
              
               24s
               .
               at
               the
               rate
               of
               7s
               .
               10d
               .
               for
               the
               
                 Hungary
              
               Ducket
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             Now
             to
             turn
             the
             stream
             of
             Riches
             raised
             by
             native
             Commodities
             ,
             into
             the
             natural
             Channel
             from
             whence
             it
             hath
             been
             a
             long
             time
             diverted
             ;
             Consider
             these
             points
             following
             .
          
           
             
               1.
               
               Whether
               it
               be
               not
               fit
               ,
               a
               
                 State-Merchant
              
               be
               setled
               in
               these
               Lands
               ;
               which
               may
               both
               dispose
               more
               profitably
               of
               the
               riches
               thereof
               ,
               and
               encounter
               policies
               of
               Merchant-strangers
               ,
               who
               now
               go
               beyond
               us
               in
               all
               kind
               of
               profitable
               Merchandising
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Whether
               it
               be
               not
               necessary
               that
               the
               Commodities
               should
               receive
               their
               full
               Manufacturie
               in
               these
               dominions
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Whether
               it
               be
               not
               necessary
               the
               great
               Sea
               businesse
               of
               fishing
               ,
               be
               forthwith
               set
               forward
               .
            
             
             
               4.
               
               Whether
               it
               be
               not
               fit
               the
               
                 Coals
              
               should
               yield
               us
               a
               better
               value
               ,
               by
               permitting
               them
               to
               passe
               out
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
              
               and
               that
               they
               be
               in
               English
               shipping
               only
               transported
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Whether
               it
               be
               not
               fit
               ,
               presently
               to
               raise
               Coyn
               to
               as
               high
               a
               rate
               as
               it
               is
               in
               the
               parts
               beyond
               the
               Seas
               .
            
          
           
             If
             these
             Considerations
             be
             approved
             ,
             then
             is
             it
             necessary
             to
             put
             them
             in
             a
             right
             Course
             of
             execution
             ;
             and
             (
             by
             Gods
             help
             )
             in
             short
             time
             
               Customes
            
             will
             be
             exceedingly
             increased
             ,
             
               Ships
            
             and
             
               Mariners
            
             trebled
             ,
             
               Land-waste-Towns
            
             (
             now
             run
             out
             of
             gates
             )
             better
             replenished
             ,
             and
             People
             imployed
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             enriching
             and
             honour
             of
             the
             Nation
             ,
             (
             with
             the
             applause
             )
             and
             to
             the
             comfort
             of
             all
             loyal
             Subjects
             .
          
           
             THis
             pains
             is
             the
             rather
             undergone
             ,
             because
             the
             
               Hollanders
            
             have
             been
             heard
             professe
             ,
             They
             hoped
             to
             get
             the
             whole
             Trade
             of
             Christendome
             into
             their
             hands
             ,
             not
             only
             for
             Transportation
             ,
             but
             also
             the
             Command
             of
             the
             Seas
             .
             To
             which
             end
             they
             do
             daily
             increase
             their
             Traffique
             ,
             augment
             their
             Shipping
             ,
             multiply
             thei●
             Mariners
             ,
             strength
             and
             wealth
             in
             all
             kinds
             .
             Whereat
             there
             is
             the
             more
             cause
             of
             griefe
             ,
             when
             we
             consider
             how
             God
             hath
             afforded
             more
             to
             this
             Nation
             then
             any
             three
             Kingdoms
             in
             Christendome
             ,
             with
             divers
             varieties
             of
             homebred
             Commodities
             ,
             which
             others
             have
             not
             ,
             and
             cannot
             want
             ;
             besides
             sundry
             other
             meanes
             to
             continue
             and
             maintain
             our
             Trade
             of
             Merchandising
             and
             Fishing
             above
             them
             all
             ;
             whereby
             we
             might
             prevent
             the
             Deceivers
             ,
             ingrosse
             the
             Commodities
             of
             the
             Ingrossers
             ,
             inrich
             our selves
             ,
             and
             increase
             our
             Navigation
             ,
             Shipping
             ▪
             and
             Mariners
             :
             so
             as
             it
             would
             make
             all
             Nations
             to
             vaile
             the
             Bonnet
             to
             
               England
               ,
            
             if
             we
             would
             not
             be
             still
             wanting
             to
             our selves
             in
             imployment
             of
             our
             people
             .
          
           
             Which
             people
             being
             now
             divided
             into
             Three
             parts
             ,
             two
             parts
             of
             them
             are
             meere
             Spenders
             ,
             and
             Consumers
             of
             a
             Commonwealth
             .
             Therefore
             ,
             this
             done
             ,
             You
          
           
             
               1.
               
               Allure
               and
               encourage
               the
               people
               (
               for
               their
               private
               gaines
               )
               to
               be
               all
               Workers
               ,
               and
               Erectors
               of
               a
               Commonwealth
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Enrich
               and
               fill
               the
               Coffers
               of
               the
               
                 STATE
              
               by
               a
               continual
               coming
               in
               ;
               and
               make
               the
               people
               wealthy
               by
               means
               of
               their
               great
               and
               profitable
               Trading
               and
               Imployment
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Vent
               our
               homebred
               Commodities
               to
               far
               more
               reputation
               ,
               and
               much
               more
               Custome
               ,
               and
               benefit
               to
               the
               Merchant
               and
               the
               Nation
               .
            
             
             
               4.
               
               Return
               the
               Merchandises
               of
               other
               Countries
               at
               far
               cheaper
               rates
               then
               now
               they
               are
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               good
               of
               the
               Realm
               in
               general
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Make
               the
               Land
               powerfull
               ,
               by
               increasing
               and
               multiplying
               of
               Ships
               ,
               Mariners
               ,
               and
               People
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Make
               the
               peoples
               Taking
               in
               generall
               much
               more
               every
               day
               then
               now
               they
               are
               ,
               which
               (
               by
               Gods
               help
               )
               will
               grow
               continually
               more
               and
               more
               by
               the
               great
               Concourse
               and
               Comerce
               that
               will
               come
               by
               setled
               Constitutions
               and
               convenient
               Priviledges
               ,
               as
               in
               other
               parts
               they
               do
               ,
               by
               this
               their
               great
               freedome
               of
               Trade
               .
            
          
           
             If
             this
             and
             much
             more
             be
             done
             in
             other
             Countries
             (
             where
             nothing
             groweth
             )
             Then
             how
             much
             might
             we
             make
             ,
             where
             so
             great
             abundance
             and
             variety
             of
             homebred
             Commodities
             and
             rich
             Materials
             groweth
             for
             the
             people
             to
             work
             upon
             ,
             and
             plentiful
             meanes
             to
             do
             it
             withall
             ,
             which
             other
             Nations
             have
             not
             ,
             nor
             cannot
             want
             ,
             but
             of
             necessity
             must
             be
             furnished
             from
             hence
             ?
             And
             now
             whereas
             our
             Merchandising
             is
             wilde
             ,
             utterly
             confused
             and
             out
             of
             frame
             ,
             (
             as
             at
             large
             appeareth
             )
             a
             
               State-Merchant
            
             will
             roundly
             and
             effectually
             bring
             all
             the
             premises
             to
             passe
             ,
             fill
             the
             Havens
             with
             Ships
             ,
             those
             Ships
             with
             Mariners
             ,
             the
             Nation
             full
             of
             Merchants
             ,
             their
             Houses
             full
             of
             Outlandish
             Commodities
             ,
             and
             the
             STATES
             Coffers
             full
             of
             Coyn
             ,
             (
             as
             in
             other
             parts
             they
             do
             )
             And
             the
             people
             shall
             have
             just
             cause
             to
             hold
             in
             happy
             memory
             the
             Beginners
             of
             so
             profitable
             ,
             praise-worthy
             ,
             and
             renowned
             a
             work
             :
             This
             ,
             (
             with
             other
             that
             might
             be
             added
             )
             being
             the
             true
             
               Philosophers
               stone
               ,
            
             to
             make
             a
             rich
             and
             potent
             State
             ,
             and
             a
             happy
             people
             ,
             only
             by
             setling
             as
             before
             ;
             whereby
             the
             people
             may
             have
             fulnesse
             of
             Trade
             and
             Manufacture
             ,
             and
             the
             Government
             made
             both
             honourable
             and
             profitable
             .
          
           
             There
             's
             but
             one
             Objection
             against
             this
             noble
             and
             gallant
             Enterprise
             ;
             which
             is
             ,
             —
             They
             who
             shall
             adventure
             as
             a
             
               State-Merchant
               ,
            
             must
             expect
             to
             lose
             for
             divers
             years
             ,
             as
             in
             all
             new
             Beginnings
             of
             Trade
             men
             do
             .
             The
             answer
             is
             ,
             That
             the
             Publisher
             of
             this
             will
             undertake
             to
             lay
             down
             a
             way
             how
             to
             bring
             in
             10.
             15.
             or
             20.
             in
             the
             Hundred
             profit
             ,
             from
             the
             first
             ,
             as
             evidently
             as
             a
             man
             shall
             expect
             8
             
               percent
               .
            
             upon
             good
             Security
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .