author-pennWilliam-freebo
Introduction
This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.
This study carrel was created on 2021-05-23 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.
All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.
Size
There are 98 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,857,623 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 18,955 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.
Readability
On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 91. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.
Word Frequencies
By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:
god, us, christ, will, man, light, spirit, one, men, may, shall, yet, say, true, world, must, life, great, people, things, lord, good, now, therefore, first, without, much, truth, many, made, holy, power, well, church, time, make, let, faith, body, law, religion, though, never, word, words, every, know, thing, way, scripture
Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The Christian-Quaker and his divine testimony vindicated by Scripture, reason, and authorities against the injurious attempts that have been lately made by several adversaries, with manifest design to rendor him odiously inconsistent with Christianity and civil society : in II parts. / The first more general by William Penn ; the second more particular by George Whitehead., The invalidity of John Faldo''s vindication of his book, called Quakerism no Christianity being a rejoynder in defence of the answer, intituled, Quakerism a new nick-name for old Christianity : wherein many weighty Gospel-truths are handled, and the disingenuous carriage of by W.P., and Reason against railing, and truth against fiction being an answer to those two late pamphlets intituled A dialogue between a Christian and a Quaker, and the Continuation of the dialogue &c. by one Thomas Hicks, an Anabaptist teacher : by W. Penn..
The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:
light within, jesus christ, english books, early english, every man, holy ghost, let us, books online, christ jesus, holy spirit, th moneth, text creation, creation partnership, page images, william penn, tells us, must needs, true light, lord jesus, every one, image sets, represented either, tcp schema, characters represented, one another, god will, th day, called quakers, excommunicato capiendo, will never, divine light, eternal life, much less, tell us, penal laws, eternal spirit, christian religion, christ within, people called, without us, true nature, now take, will remain, first edition, holy scriptures, will give, xml conversion, iv tiff, work described, institutions providing
And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Truth further clear''d from mistakes being two chapters out of the book entituled, Primitive Christianity reviv''d : plainly acknowledging the benefit accruing by the death and suffering of our Lord Jesus Christ for the salvation of mankind, together with a comparison of the principles of the people called Quakers, and the perversions of their opposers, by way of postscript / by W.P. Urim and thummim, or, The apostolical doctrines of light and perfection maintained against the opposite plea of Samuel Grevill (a pretended minister of the Gospel) in his ungospel-like discourse against a book entituled A testimony of the light within, anciently writ by Alexander Parker / by W.P., and A letter of love to the young-convinced of that blessed everlasting way of truth and righteousness, now testified unto by the people of the Lord (called Quakers) of what sex, age and ranck soever, in the nations of England, Ireland and Scotland, with the isles abroad, but more particularly those of that great city of London : spiritual refreshments, holy courage and perfect victory from God the Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ, amen..
While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:
Keywords
Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:
god, tcp, spirit, man, light, lord, church, people, christ, world, men, religion, truth, power, life, holy, law, government, laws, king, quakers, body, soul, scripture, father, conscience, scriptures, liberty, faith, william, rule, reason, meeting, gospel, english, book, word, son, parliament, kingdom, interest, doctrine, dissenters, court, christian, answer, adversary, way, thomas, penn
And now word clouds really begin to shine:
Topic Modeling
Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and A Particular account of the late and present great sufferings and oppressions of the people called Quakers upon prosecutions against them in the Bishops courts humbly presented to the serious consideration of the King, Lords and Commons in Parliament assembled. is most about that word.
If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:
- god - The Christian-Quaker and his divine testimony vindicated by Scripture, reason, and authorities against the injurious attempts that have been lately made by several adversaries, with manifest design to rendor him odiously inconsistent with Christianity and civil society : in II parts. / The first more general by William Penn ; the second more particular by George Whitehead.
- men - The frame of the government of the province of Pennsilvania in America together with certain laws agreed upon in England by the governour and divers free-men of the aforesaid province : to be further explained and confirmed there by the first provincial council and General Assembly that shall be held, if they see meet.
- swear - The second part of The continued cry of the oppressed for justice being an additional account of the present and late cruelty, oppression & spoil inflicted upon the persons and estates of many of the peaceable people called Quakers, in divers counties, cities and towns in this nation of England and Wales (chiefly upon the late act made against conventicles) for the peaceable exercise of their tender consciences towards God in matters of worship and religion.
If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:
- god, christ, man - The Christian-Quaker and his divine testimony vindicated by Scripture, reason, and authorities against the injurious attempts that have been lately made by several adversaries, with manifest design to rendor him odiously inconsistent with Christianity and civil society : in II parts. / The first more general by William Penn ; the second more particular by George Whitehead.
- men, religion, church - A further account of the province of Pennsylvania and its improvements for the satisfaction of those that are adventurers, and enclined to be so.
- god, lord, hath - To the churches of Jesus throughout the world gathered and setled in His eternal light, power, and spirit, to be one holy flock, family, and houshold to the Lord : who hath redeemed them from among all the kindreds of the earth : Godly zeal, wisdom, power, perseverance, and victory, with all heavenly blessings, be multiplied among you in the name of the Lord / William Penn.
- swear, said, moneth - The second part of The continued cry of the oppressed for justice being an additional account of the present and late cruelty, oppression & spoil inflicted upon the persons and estates of many of the peaceable people called Quakers, in divers counties, cities and towns in this nation of England and Wales (chiefly upon the late act made against conventicles) for the peaceable exercise of their tender consciences towards God in matters of worship and religion.
- prince, hereticks, father - Letter from Father La Chaise, confessor to the French King, to Father Peters, confessor to the King of England in which is contained the project and designe of that faction to introduce the Prince of Wales : with some observations on his conception and birth : to which added a letter from Will Penn to Father La Chaise about the affaires of that babe and the ensueing progress of the popish design.
Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:
Noun & Verbs
Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":
man, light, things, men, p., people, time, thing, words, way, scriptures, self, scripture, others, body, day, reason, truth, religion, hath, part, t, nothing, work, end, life, text, works, none, sin, mind, selves, name, books, viz, one, blood, place, faith, texts, power, person, nature, death, heart, sense, reader, doth, characters, knowledge
An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:
is, be, are, have, was, were, do, had, been, being, say, said, made, did, make, let, has, know, come, see, give, believe, given, take, called, think, am, done, deny, according, came, prove, having, put, read, hath, speak, taken, makes, tell, find, go, call, live, ''s, known, does, set, says, brought
Proper Nouns
An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.
god, christ, spirit, man, lord, 〉, ◊, world, thou, men, 〈, light, church, law, c., life, holy, power, jesus, word, john, quakers, faith, hath, tcp, g., truth, j., christian, pag, flesh, conscience, doctrine, father, gospel, book, william, w., soul, righteousness, rule, england, kingdom, divine, son, eternal, religion, penn, king, ●
An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"
it, his, he, i, they, their, them, we, our, him, you, us, my, me, your, himself, themselves, thy, her, its, she, thee, one, ye, theirs, ours, mine, yours, ''s, us''d, itself, herself, thou, ourselves, vvhat, elias, whereof, himfelf, hers, myself, l, withey, whosoever, u, ts, non, hitherto, em, dy''d, 〈
Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.
Adjectives & Verbs
Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"
such, own, other, true, great, same, many, good, more, first, much, little, several, whole, least, present, very, false, better, last, general, second, old, early, short, holy, greater, common, most, best, sufficient, poor, particular, plain, english, next, sure, new, guilty, eternal, less, spiritual, former, divine, free, certain, saith, necessary, able, full
not, so, then, as, more, now, only, therefore, never, well, thus, yet, very, up, also, most, out, ever, much, too, here, again, first, far, forth, in, even, rather, away, indeed, just, there, down, all, truly, still, no, that, else, thereof, before, off, is, further, once, especially, thereby, certainly, often, therein
Next steps
There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.
Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.
Thank you for using the Distant Reader.