The fundamental right, safety and liberty of the people (which is radically in themselves, derivatively in the Parliament, their substitutes or representatives) briefly asserted. Wherein is discovered the great good or harm which may accrue unto the people by Parliaments, according to their different temperature and motions. Together with some proposals conducing towards an equal and just settlement of the distracted state of this nation. As likewise a touch at some especial properties of a supream good governor or governors. / By Isaac Penington (junior) Esq; The safety of the people is the supream, most natural and most righteous law, being both the most proper end and most adequate rule of government.
         Penington, Isaac, 1616-1679.
      
       
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             The fundamental right, safety and liberty of the people (which is radically in themselves, derivatively in the Parliament, their substitutes or representatives) briefly asserted. Wherein is discovered the great good or harm which may accrue unto the people by Parliaments, according to their different temperature and motions. Together with some proposals conducing towards an equal and just settlement of the distracted state of this nation. As likewise a touch at some especial properties of a supream good governor or governors. / By Isaac Penington (junior) Esq; The safety of the people is the supream, most natural and most righteous law, being both the most proper end and most adequate rule of government.
             Penington, Isaac, 1616-1679.
          
           [16], 38 p.
           
             Printed by John Macock, and are to be sold by Giles Calvert at the west end of Pauls,
             London :
             1651.
          
           
             Annotation on Thomason copy: "May. 15th".
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           England and Wales. -- Parliament -- Rules and practices -- Early works to 1800.
           Great Britain -- History -- Politics and government -- 1642-1649 -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
       A90392   (Thomason E629_2).  civilwar no The fundamental right, safety and liberty of the people (which is radically in themselves, derivatively in the Parliament, their substitutes Penington, Isaac 1651    22511 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 B  The  rate of 2 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the B category of texts with fewer than 10 defects per 10,000 words. 
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           The
           Fundamental
           Right
           ,
           Safety
           and
           Liberty
           OF
           THE
           PEOPLE
           (
           Which
           is
           radically
           in
           themselves
           ,
           derivatively
           in
           the
           Parliament
           ,
           their
           Substitutes
           or
           Representatives
           )
           Briefly
           Asserted
           .
           Wherein
           is
           discovered
           the
           great
           Good
           or
           Harm
           which
           may
           accrue
           unto
           the
           People
           by
           Parliaments
           ,
           according
           to
           their
           different
           temperature
           and
           motions
           .
           Together
           with
           some
           Proposals
           conducing
           towards
           an
           equal
           and
           just
           Settlement
           of
           the
           distracted
           state
           of
           this
           Nation
           .
           As
           likewise
           a
           touch
           at
           some
           especial
           Properties
           of
           a
           Supream
           good
           Governor
           or
           Governors
           .
        
         
           By
           ISAAC
           PENINGTON
           (
           
             junior
          
           )
           
             Esq
             ;
          
        
         
           
             The
             Safety
             of
             the
             People
             is
             the
             Supream
             ,
             most
             Natural
             and
             most
             Righteous
             Law
             ,
             being
             both
             the
             most
             proper
             End
             and
             most
             adequate
             Rule
             of
             Government
             .
          
        
         
           
             London
             ,
          
           Printed
           by
           
             John
             Macock
             ,
          
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           by
           
             Giles
             Calvert
          
           at
           the
           West
           end
           of
           
             Pauls
             .
          
           1651.
           
        
      
       
       
       
         
           To
           the
           present
           Parliament
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           THE
           Righteous
           God
           loveth
           Righteousness
           ,
           and
           he
           alone
           rightly
           weigheth
           ,
           measureth
           and
           administreth
           in
           Judgment
           and
           Truth
           .
           Man
           hath
           a
           selfish
           Principle
           within
           ,
           which
           secretly
           blindeth
           and
           draweth
           him
           aside
           in
           his
           purest
           aims
           and
           intentions
           .
           Man
           knoweth
           not
           his
           own
           heart
           ,
           how
           much
           he
           is
           engaged
           for
           himself
           ,
           what
           little
           truth
           of
           love
           ,
           mercy
           and
           justice
           there
           is
           in
           him
           towards
           others
           .
           Every
           man
           thinks
           he
           minds
           the
           publique
           Good
           and
           Interest
           ,
           little
           seeing
           or
           suspecting
           how
           straitly
           he
           is
           bound
           up
           within
           the
           narrow
           compass
           of
           himself
           .
           Every
           man
           pretendeth
           to
           be
           just
           ,
           and
           very
           ready
           to
           amend
           the
           wilful
           or
           negligent
           miscarriages
           of
           others
           :
           but
           where
           are
           the
           men
           ,
           who
           once
           attaining
           to
           greatness
           and
           power
           ,
           slide
           not
           by
           degrees
           into
           the
           same
           paths
           of
           Injustice
           ,
           which
           they
           condemned
           others
           for
           walking
           in
           ?
           Man
           cannot
           observe
           his
           own
           errors
           ,
           nor
           indeed
           can
           he
           bear
           to
           hear
           of
           them
           :
           He
           loveth
           himself
           so
           well
           ,
           that
           he
           cannot
           discern
           that
           evil
           which
           is
           in
           himself
           ,
           nor
           endure
           to
           be
           told
           of
           it
           by
           others
           ;
           but
           thinks
           they
           deal
           injuriously
           
           with
           him
           if
           they
           take
           notice
           of
           it
           ,
           or
           warn
           him
           against
           it
           :
           for
           it
           is
           not
           evil
           in
           him
           ,
           but
           an
           evil
           eye
           in
           them
           ,
           which
           makes
           them
           look
           upon
           it
           as
           so
           .
        
         
           The
           Powers
           of
           this
           World
           being
           so
           apt
           to
           err
           (
           and
           their
           errors
           being
           so
           like
           themselves
           ,
           powerful
           )
           have
           great
           need
           of
           faithful
           Monitors
           and
           plain
           Dealers
           ,
           but
           seldom
           meet
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           their
           condition
           makes
           them
           little
           able
           to
           bear
           them
           .
           Their
           condition
           hath
           commonly
           this
           double
           bad
           influence
           upon
           them
           ,
           it
           maketh
           them
           able
           to
           do
           ill
           ,
           able
           to
           do
           harm
           ;
           but
           unable
           to
           bear
           the
           sight
           or
           representation
           of
           them
           .
           It
           blindeth
           their
           own
           eyes
           ,
           in
           reference
           to
           themselves
           and
           their
           actions
           ;
           and
           maketh
           them
           enemies
           to
           him
           who
           is
           not
           equally
           blinded
           with
           them
           .
           Nor
           can
           it
           be
           otherwise
           ,
           Man
           cannot
           take
           it
           well
           to
           have
           others
           telling
           him
           of
           that
           evil
           ,
           which
           he
           upon
           search
           cannot
           find
           in
           himself
           ;
           or
           to
           have
           them
           still
           blaming
           him
           for
           that
           as
           evil
           ,
           which
           he
           himself
           accounteth
           as
           good
           .
        
         
           O
           ye
           present
           great
           Ones
           (
           I
           speak
           it
           not
           in
           disrespect
           ,
           but
           in
           honor
           ,
           acknowledging
           that
           God
           ,
           by
           his
           providence
           and
           dispose
           of
           things
           ,
           hath
           made
           you
           great
           )
           Look
           upon
           that
           Snare
           ,
           which
           hardly
           ever
           man
           ,
           in
           your
           condition
           ,
           avoyded
           !
           
           Consider
           this
           poor
           Nation
           ,
           its
           great
           Cost
           ,
           its
           great
           Danger
           ,
           your
           great
           Promises
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           let
           its
           Right
           and
           Liberty
           be
           precious
           in
           your
           eyes
           .
           Consider
           (
           if
           it
           be
           possible
           )
           impartially
           its
           Right
           ,
           and
           lead
           it
           into
           the
           possession
           of
           it
           .
           If
           ye
           walk
           in
           the
           way
           of
           man
           ,
           ye
           will
           come
           to
           the
           end
           of
           man
           :
           If
           ye
           be
           Successors
           in
           unrighteousness
           ,
           ye
           will
           end
           in
           ruine
           .
           Ye
           have
           an
           harder
           peece
           of
           Self-denyal
           to
           practise
           then
           yet
           ye
           have
           met
           with
           ,
           if
           ye
           will
           be
           safe
           .
           (
           Your
           danger
           is
           greatest
           when
           ye
           seem
           most
           out
           of
           danger
           .
           )
           As
           there
           have
           been
           hitherto
           many
           Cries
           for
           you
           ,
           so
           there
           are
           now
           many
           Cries
           to
           you
           ,
           and
           Cries
           against
           you
           dayly
           .
           Complaints
           have
           seldom
           been
           greater
           ,
           it
           behoves
           you
           to
           look
           thorowly
           that
           it
           be
           without
           a
           cause
           on
           your
           part
           .
           If
           the
           poor
           fatherless
           people
           be
           destitute
           of
           help
           ,
           and
           have
           none
           to
           cry
           to
           but
           the
           righteous
           One
           (
           being
           wearied
           out
           with
           crying
           to
           man
           )
           it
           may
           make
           him
           the
           more
           regardful
           of
           their
           Cries
           ,
           and
           the
           more
           speedy
           and
           strict
           in
           exacting
           an
           account
           of
           your
           Stewardship
           from
           you
           .
        
         
           The
           FUNDAMENTAL
           RIGHT
           ,
           LIBERTY
           AND
           SAFETY
           of
           the
           People
           is
           here
           presented
           to
           your
           view
           in
           general
           with
           others
           (
           to
           whom
           also
           it
           appertaineth
           .
           )
           It
           concerneth
           
           you
           most
           particularly
           to
           take
           notice
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           use
           industry
           and
           fidelity
           ,
           answerable
           to
           your
           Power
           and
           Trust
           ,
           to
           instate
           them
           in
           it
           ;
           which
           how
           ever
           they
           may
           abuse
           ,
           yet
           they
           ought
           to
           enjoy
           :
           And
           if
           ye
           cannot
           make
           them
           happy
           ▪
           yet
           putting
           things
           into
           their
           due
           order
           according
           to
           right
           ,
           this
           will
           be
           a
           comfort
           unto
           you
           ,
           that
           they
           are
           only
           made
           miserable
           by
           themselves
           :
           whereas
           if
           ye
           detain
           their
           Right
           from
           them
           ,
           though
           with
           never
           so
           good
           an
           intent
           ,
           that
           will
           not
           excuse
           you
           at
           present
           ,
           nor
           afford
           you
           comfort
           at
           the
           last
           .
           Ye
           have
           expressed
           a
           great
           Sense
           of
           the
           Injuries
           which
           the
           People
           have
           suffered
           by
           being
           deprived
           of
           their
           Rights
           and
           Liberties
           ,
           and
           have
           undertaken
           to
           restore
           them
           to
           the
           possession
           of
           them
           again
           ;
           do
           it
           in
           truth
           .
           Let
           not
           Jealousies
           ,
           of
           what
           may
           happen
           ,
           cause
           you
           to
           turn
           aside
           from
           the
           direct
           path
           of
           Righteousness
           .
           Put
           them
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           ye
           can
           ,
           into
           a
           way
           of
           minding
           and
           prosecuting
           their
           own
           good
           ;
           but
           take
           heed
           of
           overthrowing
           their
           Right
           and
           Liberty
           ,
           though
           from
           never
           so
           great
           a
           desire
           to
           do
           them
           good
           .
           I
           am
           exceeding-jealous
           over
           you
           ,
           lest
           ye
           should
           unwittingly
           be
           deceived
           by
           your
           own
           hearts
           ,
           and
           unawares
           deceive
           the
           People
           :
           forgive
           me
           this
           Jealousie
           .
           It
           ariseth
           both
           from
           
           love
           to
           you
           and
           the
           People
           :
           because
           my
           desire
           is
           so
           great
           ,
           on
           the
           one
           hand
           ,
           to
           have
           the
           People
           free
           and
           happy
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           to
           have
           you
           the
           Instruments
           of
           it
           .
           For
           as
           my
           desire
           was
           towards
           those
           which
           went
           before
           you
           ,
           while
           their
           day
           lasted
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           rather
           have
           found
           the
           way
           of
           administring
           Righteousness
           to
           others
           ,
           then
           of
           occasioning
           ruine
           to
           themselves
           :
           So
           is
           my
           desire
           now
           towards
           you
           ,
           while
           your
           day
           remains
           ;
           and
           O
           that
           ye
           could
           see
           ,
           at
           least
           in
           this
           your
           day
           ,
           the
           things
           that
           concern
           your
           peace
           ,
           and
           the
           good
           of
           this
           Nation
           .
        
         
           Every
           thing
           is
           bounded
           ,
           but
           few
           things
           know
           their
           bounds
           ;
           and
           so
           ,
           passing
           beyond
           them
           ,
           both
           give
           and
           receive
           wounds
           ,
           which
           always
           smart
           and
           afflict
           ,
           be
           they
           never
           so
           slight
           ;
           but
           if
           they
           be
           very
           deep
           ,
           tend
           to
           death
           .
           KINGLY
           POWER
           did
           pass
           its
           limits
           ,
           we
           may
           now
           speak
           it
           .
           Doth
           PARLIAMENTARY
           POWER
           keep
           within
           its
           limits
           ?
           How
           shall
           we
           resolve
           this
           fairly
           and
           clearly
           (
           resolve
           it
           indeed
           we
           may
           in
           our
           own
           Judgments
           and
           Consciences
           )
           when
           the
           limits
           of
           it
           are
           not
           determined
           ?
           And
           if
           things
           should
           yet
           devolve
           lower
           ,
           into
           the
           great
           and
           confused
           Body
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           is
           it
           likely
           they
           would
           keep
           their
           limits
           ?
        
         
         
           O
           GOD
           ,
           how
           is
           man
           entangled
           !
           So
           far
           from
           attaining
           true
           ,
           inward
           ,
           spiritual
           Liberty
           ;
           that
           he
           cannot
           reach
           the
           shadow
           ,
           the
           outward
           part
           ,
           the
           earthly
           part
           ,
           the
           liberty
           of
           man
           !
           So
           far
           are
           we
           from
           enjoying
           Liberty
           under
           any
           Government
           ;
           that
           we
           can
           ,
           at
           best
           ,
           but
           groan
           and
           pant
           under
           it
           after
           Liberty
           .
           Man
           cannot
           be
           free
           in
           himself
           ,
           not
           free
           from
           himself
           (
           while
           Self
           is
           in
           him
           ,
           it
           will
           make
           him
           selfish
           ,
           )
           and
           while
           it
           is
           so
           ,
           others
           under
           his
           power
           or
           within
           his
           reach
           cannot
           be
           free
           .
           O
           that
           the
           time
           of
           man
           were
           come
           to
           an
           end
           ;
           that
           he
           who
           is
           righteous
           ,
           and
           cannot
           but
           be
           righteous
           ,
           would
           put
           unrighteous
           man
           out
           of
           place
           ,
           and
           administer
           righteousness
           himself
           .
           Till
           then
           I
           expect
           no
           satisfaction
           ,
           not
           only
           not
           in
           spiritual
           affairs
           ,
           but
           not
           so
           much
           as
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           this
           World
           .
           Yet
           it
           behoveth
           you
           ,
           who
           are
           in
           place
           and
           Power
           ,
           to
           remove
           as
           far
           from
           your selves
           ,
           and
           press
           on
           as
           near
           towards
           righteousness
           ,
           as
           possibly
           ye
           may
           :
           for
           which
           end
           ,
           to
           provoke
           you
           somewhat
           towards
           it
           ,
           this
           ensuing
           Discourse
           is
           partly
           intended
           by
           him
           who
           exceedingly
           thirsteth
           to
           approve
           himself
        
         
           
             An
             unfeigned
             Servant
             to
             the
             Lord
             of
             all
             ,
             to
             your selves
             ,
             and
             to
             his
             Country
             ,
             Isaac
             Penington
             (
             
               junior
               .
            
             )
          
        
      
       
       
         
           TO
           THE
           Sorrowful
           People
           OF
           This
           Sick
           Nation
           .
        
         
           
             Poor
             People
             ,
          
        
         
           I
           Pity
           your
           condition
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           my
           own
           weights
           and
           pressures
           ,
           have
           not
           learned
           wholly
           to
           forget
           yours
           .
           I
           cannot
           but
           bewail
           your
           miseries
           ,
           which
           it
           is
           hard
           extricating
           out
           of
           .
           Ye
           have
           been
           long
           tossed
           in
           a
           sea
           of
           trouble
           ,
           and
           are
           not
           yet
           come
           to
           the
           sight
           of
           Land
           .
           The
           necessities
           whereinto
           ye
           are
           cast
           ,
           cannot
           but
           make
           your
           burthens
           heavy
           :
           yet
           this
           might
           somewhat
           ease
           them
           ,
           if
           ye
           could
           but
           once
           discern
           the
           approach
           of
           a
           long
           expected
           end
           .
           Ye
           are
           far
           from
           attaining
           your
           Desires
           ,
           and
           yet
           that
           may
           not
           be
           very
           ill
           for
           you
           ,
           because
           ye
           your selves
           are
           so
           apt
           to
           mistake
           in
           your
           Desires
           ,
           not
           truly
           understanding
           what
           may
           tend
           to
           make
           you
           happy
           .
           There
           is
           no
           safe
           retreating
           ,
           how
           ever
           ye
           may
           think
           ,
           and
           very
           hard
           to
           espy
           how
           to
           go
           forward
           comfortably
           .
           Ye
           may
           easily
           run
           into
           confusion
           and
           prove
           workers
           of
           your
           own
           ruine
           ,
           but
           ye
           know
           not
           how
           to
           step
           one
           step
           aright
           towards
           Rest
           ,
           Peace
           ,
           Liberty
           .
        
         
         
           If
           I
           should
           tell
           you
           ,
           that
           it
           were
           better
           to
           lie
           stil
           and
           suffer
           then
           seek
           after
           a
           disorderly
           remedy
           (
           for
           that
           is
           likely
           still
           to
           be
           worse
           then
           the
           disease
           )
           it
           cannot
           but
           sound
           very
           harshly
           in
           your
           ears
           .
           Man
           is
           not
           very
           willing
           to
           suffer
           ,
           yea
           hardly
           can
           he
           be
           cast
           into
           such
           a
           condition
           ,
           but
           he
           finds
           or
           at
           least
           fancies
           some
           door
           of
           hope
           ,
           at
           which
           he
           thinks
           he
           might
           escape
           .
           It
           is
           not
           often
           changing
           either
           backward
           or
           forward
           ,
           or
           various
           kinds
           of
           changes
           ,
           which
           will
           administer
           relief
           ;
           but
           an
           orderly
           ,
           a
           rational
           change
           ,
           a
           change
           fitly
           suited
           to
           the
           condition
           of
           that
           which
           changeth
           .
           If
           ye
           would
           move
           aright
           ,
           nay
           so
           much
           as
           desire
           aright
           ;
           ye
           must
           come
           to
           a
           true
           understanding
           of
           your
           condition
           .
           Do
           ye
           understand
           your selves
           ?
           do
           ye
           act
           like
           men
           ?
           or
           are
           ye
           led
           and
           driven
           up
           and
           down
           like
           brute
           Creatures
           ?
           Have
           ye
           took
           notice
           what
           ,
           this
           long
           season
           ,
           hath
           been
           doing
           among
           you
           ?
           Can
           ye
           tell
           me
           ,
           whence
           ye
           came
           ,
           whither
           ye
           are
           going
           ,
           where
           ye
           now
           are
           ?
           Shall
           I
           put
           you
           in
           minde
           ?
        
         
           Ye
           came
           from
           
             Slavery
             ,
          
           from
           such
           bonds
           and
           burthens
           as
           ye
           were
           very
           weary
           of
           .
           Ye
           are
           marching
           towards
           
             Liberty
             ,
          
           thither
           is
           your
           intent
           to
           go
           ,
           into
           a
           free
           state
           and
           condition
           where
           ye
           may
           have
           cause
           to
           complain
           no
           more
           of
           Oppression
           or
           burthens
           .
           But
           where
           are
           ye
           ?
           who
           knoweth
           that
           ?
           Why
           surely
           ye
           are
           in
           an
           
             entangled
             estate
          
           and
           condition
           ,
           wherein
           ye
           have
           lost
           your
           way
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           the
           sight
           of
           it
           :
           Ye
           would
           fain
           return
           back
           or
           turn
           aside
           ,
           but
           ye
           have
           no
           minde
           to
           go
           forward
           .
           Thus
           is
           it
           often
           in
           cases
           of
           this
           nature
           ;
           The
           
             wilderness
             ,
          
           the
           
             way
             ,
          
           the
           
             passage
          
           to
           
             Canaan
          
           (
           the
           Land
           of
           Rest
           )
           is
           many
           times
           so
           grievous
           ,
           that
           
             Egypt
             ,
          
           even
           the
           Land
           of
           Bondage
           ,
           seemeth
           more
           tolerable
           .
           That
           people
           was
           ready
           to
           stone
           
             Moses
          
           for
           leading
           them
           into
           such
           a
           perplexed
           condition
           ,
           though
           
             Moses
          
           guided
           them
           faithfully
           .
           I
           do
           not
           compare
           your
           Leaders
           with
           
             Moses
          
           (
           yet
           it
           becometh
           you
           to
           remember
           ,
           how
           strangely
           they
           were
           raised
           up
           to
           appear
           for
           you
           ,
           when
           ye
           groaned
           under
           sharp
           and
           heavy
           pressures
           )
           I
           do
           not
           think
           them
           so
           weighty
           in
           the
           ballance
           :
           yet
           I
           doubt
           ye
           wrong
           them
           ,
           when
           ye
           weigh
           them
           ,
           your
           ballance
           not
           being
           right
           ,
           nor
           you
           affording
           them
           their
           due
           allowances
           .
           They
           have
           met
           with
           real
           difficulties
           and
           straits
           ,
           which
           hath
           made
           their
           way
           very
           uneven
           and
           hard
           to
           walk
           in
           :
           yea
           such
           a
           continued
           
             series
          
           of
           distracting
           occurrences
           and
           affairs
           may
           have
           tended
           to
           put
           them
           quite
           out
           of
           their
           way
           .
           Do
           ye
           consider
           this
           ?
           I
           will
           tell
           you
           what
           I
           have
           much
           observed
           :
           Man
           is
           very
           
           prone
           to
           do
           evil
           ,
           to
           be
           unjust
           in
           every
           state
           and
           condition
           ,
           to
           bend
           his
           trust
           aside
           ,
           to
           neglect
           seeking
           and
           serving
           those
           whom
           he
           ought
           to
           seek
           and
           serve
           ,
           improving
           that
           very
           advantage
           for
           the
           further
           seeking
           and
           serving
           of
           himself
           .
           This
           is
           usually
           the
           state
           of
           man
           ,
           look
           on
           him
           where
           you
           will
           you
           shall
           finde
           him
           in
           this
           posture
           :
           but
           he
           that
           accuseth
           is
           commonly
           as
           unjust
           ,
           if
           not
           more
           ,
           in
           the
           accusation
           ,
           then
           the
           other
           was
           in
           the
           transgression
           .
           The
           common
           people
           are
           most
           subject
           to
           this
           of
           any
           ,
           who
           receive
           things
           by
           rumors
           and
           common
           reports
           ,
           without
           examining
           or
           scanning
           whether
           things
           be
           so
           or
           no
           .
           This
           is
           the
           common
           miscarriage
           between
           Superiors
           and
           Inferiors
           :
           The
           one
           doth
           not
           govern
           righteously
           ,
           the
           other
           doth
           not
           obey
           righteously
           :
           and
           yet
           they
           are
           both
           unjust
           in
           their
           complaints
           of
           each
           other
           ;
           the
           Superior
           complaining
           in
           an
           unjust
           maner
           of
           the
           Inferiors
           Obedience
           ,
           the
           Inferior
           complaining
           in
           as
           unjust
           a
           maner
           of
           the
           Superiors
           Government
           .
           If
           every
           man
           could
           once
           espy
           and
           grow
           most
           weary
           of
           his
           own
           faults
           ,
           there
           might
           be
           some
           hope
           of
           amendment
           .
           This
           World
           is
           a
           strange
           
             Mystery
             of
             Iniquity
          
           in
           the
           whole
           course
           of
           it
           ,
           in
           every
           piece
           and
           parcel
           of
           it
           ;
           every
           one
           being
           offended
           with
           each
           other
           ,
           for
           adulterating
           in
           their
           intentions
           ,
           motions
           and
           actions
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           mean
           while
           ,
           as
           deeply
           ,
           in
           the
           very
           same
           way
           ,
           they
           themselves
           adulterating
           .
           If
           ye
           should
           encline
           to
           entertain
           this
           as
           a
           melancholly
           apprehension
           from
           my
           pen
           (
           for
           man
           is
           very
           difficult
           to
           hear
           the
           sound
           of
           ill
           concerning
           himself
           ,
           and
           ready
           to
           throw
           dirt
           into
           the
           face
           of
           him
           from
           whom
           it
           comes
           )
           look
           into
           the
           Scripture
           ,
           see
           if
           that
           do
           not
           speak
           expresly
           to
           the
           same
           purpose
           .
           Particularly
           into
           that
           
             Rom.
          
           2.
           1.
           where
           the
           words
           run
           thus
           .
           
             Therefore
             thou
             art
             inexcusable
             ,
             O
             Man
             ,
             whosoever
             thou
             art
             that
             judgest
             :
             for
             wherein
             thou
             judgest
             another
             ,
             thou
             condemnest
             thy self
             ,
             for
             thou
             that
             judgest
             dost
             the
             same
             things
             .
          
        
         
           When
           this
           Scripture
           is
           opened
           in
           that
           light
           which
           penned
           it
           ,
           who
           will
           be
           able
           to
           stand
           before
           it
           !
           What
           man
           is
           it
           that
           judgeth
           not
           another
           ?
           and
           he
           that
           judgeth
           another
           thinketh
           himself
           free
           ,
           at
           least
           in
           that
           respect
           wherein
           he
           judgeth
           another
           :
           but
           what
           is
           said
           here
           ?
           
             O
             Man
             ,
             thou
             that
             judgest
             art
             inexcusable
             .
          
           Yes
           ,
           will
           man
           say
           ,
           such
           as
           judg
           rashly
           ,
           such
           as
           judg
           unjustly
           :
           nay
           but
           the
           words
           here
           carry
           it
           further
           ,
           
             whosoever
             thou
             art
             that
             judgest
             .
          
           Why
           what
           ground
           is
           there
           for
           this
           ?
           Are
           not
           such
           and
           such
           things
           evil
           ?
           doth
           
           not
           the
           person
           deserve
           to
           be
           judged
           for
           them
           ?
           Yes
           ,
           but
           not
           by
           thee
           ,
           who
           art
           guilty
           with
           him
           of
           the
           same
           things
           ,
           though
           thou
           seest
           it
           not
           ,
           and
           so
           in
           judging
           him
           thou
           doft
           but
           condemn
           thy self
           ;
           
             for
             wherein
             thou
             judgest
             another
             ,
             thou
             condemnest
             thy self
             .
          
           How
           can
           that
           be
           ?
           I
           condemn
           onely
           those
           that
           do
           such
           and
           such
           things
           ,
           but
           thanks
           be
           to
           God
           ,
           though
           I
           have
           my
           failings
           ,
           yet
           I
           am
           free
           from
           those
           things
           :
           I
           should
           not
           think
           my self
           worthy
           to
           live
           upon
           the
           face
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           nay
           I
           should
           think
           my self
           fit
           for
           nothing
           but
           Hell
           if
           I
           were
           guilty
           of
           those
           things
           mentioned
           in
           the
           latter
           of
           the
           former
           Chapter
           .
           Thus
           thou
           sayst
           ,
           this
           is
           thy
           testimony
           concerning
           thy self
           :
           but
           he
           who
           knoweth
           thee
           (
           
             he
             who
             searcheth
             the
             heart
             and
             tryeth
             the
             reins
          
           )
           accuseth
           thee
           for
           thy
           judging
           ,
           telling
           thee
           that
           in
           so
           doing
           thou
           condemnest
           thy self
           ,
           giving
           in
           this
           as
           the
           reason
           of
           it
           ,
           because
           thou
           dost
           the
           same
           things
           :
           
             for
             thou
             that
             judgest
             dost
             the
             same
             things
             :
          
           If
           he
           cannot
           make
           this
           good
           against
           thee
           ,
           thou
           shalt
           escape
           .
           Ah
           poor
           man
           ,
           how
           art
           thou
           hid
           from
           thy self
           !
           thou
           knowest
           not
           what
           is
           written
           in
           thine
           heart
           (
           even
           all
           that
           which
           is
           mentioned
           in
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           the
           foregoing
           Chapter
           ;
           )
           thou
           knowest
           not
           the
           way
           thy
           heart
           hath
           to
           bring
           forth
           these
           things
           ;
           thou
           dost
           not
           know
           how
           or
           when
           thou
           dost
           them
           .
           When
           thy
           heart
           shall
           be
           opened
           by
           him
           who
           knoweth
           it
           ,
           and
           these
           things
           plainly
           discovered
           to
           have
           been
           in
           thee
           ,
           and
           drawn
           forth
           into
           act
           by
           thee
           ;
           when
           both
           the
           root
           and
           the
           fruit
           shall
           be
           made
           as
           manifest
           as
           the
           day
           ,
           what
           wilt
           thou
           say
           !
           Surely
           then
           O
           man
           ,
           thou
           who
           hast
           been
           so
           confident
           and
           abundant
           in
           clearing
           thy self
           and
           accusing
           others
           ,
           wilt
           grow
           
             speechless
             ,
          
           and
           sink
           under
           thy
           treble
           condemnation
           ,
           first
           for
           being
           and
           doing
           evil
           ,
           then
           for
           justifying
           thy self
           ,
           and
           lastly
           for
           condemning
           others
           .
        
         
           I
           must
           contract
           my self
           in
           what
           remains
           .
           
             Dear
             Country-men
             ,
          
           If
           I
           were
           able
           to
           speak
           
             a
             word
             in
             season
             ,
          
           I
           would
           commend
           a
           little
           advice
           to
           you
           ,
           but
           my
           condition
           maketh
           me
           unwilling
           to
           do
           it
           ,
           yet
           your
           condition
           overswayeth
           me
           again
           ,
           and
           extorteth
           it
           from
           me
           .
           It
           may
           perhaps
           ,
           where
           it
           taketh
           root
           and
           springeth
           up
           ,
           tend
           towards
           the
           setling
           of
           some
           spirits
           ,
           and
           towards
           a
           sweet
           and
           orderly
           guiding
           of
           them
           in
           publique
           acting
           .
           For
           clearness
           sake
           ,
           I
           shall
           branch
           it
           into
           a
           few
           Heads
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           Apply
           your selves
           to
           be
           sensible
           what
           
             true
             Freedom
          
           is
           ,
           wherein
           it
           lies
           ,
           and
           of
           what
           value
           it
           is
           .
           It
           is
           of
           more
           worth
           then
           
           your
           Estates
           ,
           yea
           then
           your
           Lives
           ;
           and
           therefore
           deserves
           to
           be
           higher
           prized
           .
           It
           consists
           not
           in
           licentiousness
           ,
           to
           do
           what
           ye
           will
           ,
           nor
           in
           having
           no
           Taxes
           layd
           upon
           you
           (
           this
           may
           be
           necessary
           for
           your
           safety
           )
           but
           in
           these
           four
           things
           .
           First
           ,
           in
           having
           good
           Laws
           ,
           suited
           to
           your
           state
           and
           condition
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           in
           a
           good
           method
           of
           Government
           ,
           whereby
           ye
           may
           come
           to
           enjoy
           the
           benefit
           of
           all
           those
           Laws
           ,
           and
           whereby
           your
           remedies
           of
           redress
           may
           be
           easie
           and
           cheap
           ,
           not
           so
           hard
           to
           be
           come
           at
           ,
           nor
           so
           costly
           ,
           as
           commonly
           they
           are
           .
           Thirdly
           ,
           in
           having
           a
           good
           Governor
           or
           Governors
           ,
           who
           may
           faithfully
           oversee
           the
           execution
           of
           these
           Laws
           according
           to
           this
           method
           .
           Fourthly
           ,
           in
           having
           a
           setled
           way
           of
           Parliaments
           ,
           to
           amend
           ,
           alter
           or
           add
           to
           in
           any
           kinde
           (
           as
           need
           shall
           require
           )
           these
           Laws
           ,
           this
           method
           of
           Government
           ,
           these
           Governors
           .
           And
           ,
           which
           I
           might
           name
           of
           fifth
           ,
           to
           have
           such
           a
           clear
           way
           ,
           for
           these
           Parliaments
           to
           proceed
           in
           ,
           as
           they
           might
           not
           easily
           miss
           :
           for
           otherwise
           ,
           if
           the
           way
           be
           not
           very
           plain
           ,
           such
           a
           Body
           of
           the
           common
           sort
           ,
           who
           are
           not
           supposed
           either
           to
           be
           very
           skilful
           or
           experienced
           in
           Government
           ,
           are
           likely
           to
           do
           a
           great
           deal
           more
           hurt
           then
           good
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           Be
           not
           weary
           of
           the
           pursuit
           after
           Liberty
           ,
           because
           of
           the
           many
           difficulties
           and
           expences
           which
           it
           occasions
           .
           Vndergo
           the
           pains
           of
           cure
           .
           What
           charge
           will
           a
           man
           be
           at
           ,
           in
           a
           Suit
           of
           Law
           ,
           to
           recover
           a
           peece
           of
           Estate
           ?
           Is
           it
           not
           worth
           more
           to
           recover
           the
           Liberty
           of
           a
           man
           ?
           The
           Nations
           of
           the
           Earth
           have
           still
           layn
           under
           Slavery
           ,
           have
           not
           ye
           your selves
           felt
           it
           ?
           Would
           ye
           not
           creep
           out
           ,
           and
           do
           ye
           think
           to
           creep
           out
           with
           ease
           ?
           The
           very
           casting
           of
           so
           great
           a
           burthen
           will
           make
           the
           Earth
           shake
           under
           you
           :
           Besides
           the
           opposition
           of
           such
           who
           finde
           advantage
           by
           riding
           upon
           your
           backs
           will
           heighten
           the
           difficulty
           of
           it
           .
           If
           ye
           will
           be
           cured
           of
           your
           Sickness
           by
           Physique
           ,
           ye
           must
           suffer
           that
           Sickness
           which
           comes
           with
           Physique
           .
           O
           do
           not
           run
           into
           Slavery
           to
           avoyd
           a
           few
           present
           burthens
           ,
           but
           pursue
           your
           Freedom
           ,
           what
           ever
           it
           cost
           you
           .
           If
           ever
           ye
           come
           to
           enjoy
           it
           ,
           ye
           will
           not
           think
           much
           of
           what
           ye
           have
           layd
           out
           for
           the
           purchase
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           Eye
           not
           man
           ,
           no
           not
           in
           those
           things
           wherein
           he
           appears
           as
           the
           main
           agent
           .
           Consider
           who
           it
           is
           that
           doth
           all
           ,
           especially
           in
           such
           great
           changes
           .
           It
           is
           not
           the
           wit
           of
           man
           ,
           the
           will
           of
           man
           ,
           which
           manageth
           these
           things
           ,
           but
           one
           above
           man
           .
           He
           speaketh
           Peace
           
           and
           Settlement
           to
           a
           Nation
           ,
           and
           who
           then
           can
           speak
           Trouble
           or
           Disturbance
           ?
           He
           also
           stirreth
           the
           mud
           in
           a
           Nation
           ,
           and
           who
           then
           can
           settle
           it
           ?
           He
           throweth
           down
           the
           mighty
           from
           their
           seat
           ,
           exalting
           them
           of
           low
           degree
           ;
           and
           he
           doth
           not
           give
           liberty
           to
           man
           to
           finde
           fault
           with
           him
           either
           for
           throwing
           down
           the
           mighty
           because
           he
           liked
           them
           ,
           or
           for
           setting
           up
           them
           of
           low
           degree
           because
           he
           disliketh
           them
           .
           Read
           and
           consider
           that
           place
           
             Psal.
          
           75.
           7.
           
           (
           and
           shew
           in
           practice
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           profession
           ,
           that
           ye
           reverence
           Scripture
           )
           
             GOD
             is
             THE
             JUDG
             ,
             He
             putteth
             down
             one
             ,
             and
             setteth
             up
             another
             .
          
           Take
           heed
           what
           ye
           do
           :
           If
           ye
           had
           only
           man
           to
           deal
           with
           ,
           ye
           might
           make
           your
           party
           good
           ;
           but
           it
           is
           
             hard
             kicking
             against
             the
             pricks
             .
          
           It
           may
           be
           his
           design
           at
           present
           (
           
             whose
             counsel
             shall
             stand
             ,
             and
             who
             will
             fulfil
             all
             his
             pleasure
          
           )
           as
           it
           was
           once
           concerning
           
             Nebuchadnezzar
             ,
          
           to
           make
           you
           also
           sensible
           ,
           that
           
             the
             most
             High
             ruleth
             among
             the
             children
             of
             men
             ,
          
           disposing
           of
           
             Kingdoms
             ,
             Powers
          
           and
           
             Governments
             ,
          
           as
           and
           to
           whom
           he
           pleaseth
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           Expect
           not
           help
           or
           satisfaction
           from
           man
           .
           Man
           hath
           no
           worth
           in
           him
           ,
           and
           for
           this
           end
           may
           he
           be
           made
           use
           of
           ,
           by
           God
           ,
           to
           shew
           how
           vile
           and
           empty
           he
           is
           ,
           how
           unable
           and
           unfit
           to
           produce
           any
           thing
           of
           value
           .
           Truly
           I
           have
           often
           thought
           ,
           that
           the
           Powers
           and
           Governments
           of
           this
           World
           are
           intended
           ,
           rather
           to
           make
           us
           weary
           of
           them
           ,
           then
           to
           yeeld
           us
           satisfaction
           in
           them
           .
           This
           whole
           Creation
           is
           a
           meer
           peece
           of
           vanity
           ,
           and
           (
           in
           all
           the
           changes
           of
           it
           )
           can
           yeeld
           but
           vanity
           :
           What
           do
           ye
           mean
           to
           raise
           such
           expectations
           ,
           concerning
           any
           thing
           or
           from
           any
           thing
           in
           it
           ?
           It
           may
           be
           the
           intent
           of
           God
           to
           discover
           to
           you
           (
           by
           multiplyed
           sense
           and
           experience
           )
           that
           man
           cannot
           help
           you
           :
           While
           your
           expectations
           are
           from
           man
           ,
           or
           upon
           this
           or
           that
           change
           ,
           ye
           are
           far
           from
           learning
           this
           lesson
           .
           I
           know
           means
           are
           appointed
           and
           made
           use
           of
           by
           God
           in
           the
           producing
           of
           effects
           ,
           but
           sometimes
           he
           withers
           them
           ,
           to
           divert
           our
           eyes
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           us
           feel
           what
           empty
           ,
           barren
           ,
           imperfect
           things
           they
           are
           .
           While
           ye
           cry
           out
           so
           much
           against
           any
           means
           or
           instruments
           ,
           on
           the
           one
           hand
           ,
           or
           so
           much
           magnifie
           any
           ,
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           (
           as
           every
           one
           almost
           doth
           according
           to
           his
           different
           esteem
           of
           them
           )
           ye
           cannot
           so
           fully
           be
           taken
           up
           with
           observing
           the
           principal
           Agent
           .
           If
           God
           intend
           himself
           to
           bestow
           what
           ye
           desire
           upon
           you
           ,
           he
           may
           hold
           his
           hand
           while
           ye
           expect
           it
           from
           man
           :
           If
           God
           intend
           at
           last
           to
           put
           forth
           an
           excellent
           peece
           of
           strength
           
           and
           wisdom
           for
           your
           rescue
           ,
           he
           may
           defer
           till
           he
           hath
           tired
           out
           yours
           :
           And
           if
           that
           should
           be
           his
           intention
           ,
           ye
           are
           out
           of
           the
           way
           while
           your
           expectation
           is
           fastened
           elsewhere
           .
        
         
           5.
           
           And
           lastly
           ;
           Groan
           and
           pant
           ,
           unto
           him
           who
           is
           skilful
           to
           save
           ,
           after
           your
           own
           deliverance
           and
           after
           the
           deliverance
           of
           his
           people
           .
           He
           who
           wanteth
           deliverance
           ,
           and
           knoweth
           not
           where
           to
           obtain
           it
           ;
           what
           is
           more
           proper
           for
           him
           ,
           then
           to
           groan
           and
           pant
           after
           it
           ?
           The
           whole
           Creation
           is
           continually
           in
           a
           condition
           of
           groaning
           and
           travelling
           after
           deliverance
           ,
           not
           of
           enjoying
           it
           .
           Bear
           a
           part
           with
           the
           Creation
           ,
           as
           ye
           are
           a
           part
           of
           it
           ;
           yea
           the
           higher
           your
           extremities
           grow
           ,
           the
           greater
           let
           your
           groans
           be
           .
           Be
           content
           with
           your
           travelling
           pangs
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           common
           track
           and
           rode
           unto
           bringing
           forth
           .
        
         
           And
           groan
           likewise
           for
           
             the
             liberty
             of
             the
             sons
             of
             God
             :
          
           for
           what
           do
           ye
           know
           but
           your
           Liberty
           may
           spring
           up
           with
           theirs
           ?
           
             Israel
          
           is
           in
           bonds
           ,
           the
           Lord
           hath
           
             smitten
          
           him
           ,
           the
           Lord
           hath
           
             hid
             his
             face
          
           from
           him
           (
           yea
           the
           Lord
           hath
           made
           him
           
             a
             reproach
          
           and
           
             by-word
          
           among
           all
           the
           Heathen
           )
           and
           while
           he
           frowns
           upon
           him
           ,
           he
           knows
           not
           how
           to
           smile
           upon
           any
           else
           .
           The
           people
           of
           God
           have
           ever
           had
           hard
           usage
           in
           this
           World
           ,
           and
           particularly
           in
           this
           Nation
           .
           Can
           ye
           expect
           that
           God
           ,
           who
           disposeth
           of
           all
           things
           ,
           should
           be
           forward
           to
           give
           you
           your
           Liberti●s
           ,
           while
           ye
           are
           not
           willing
           they
           should
           enjoy
           theirs
           ?
           Can
           they
           submit
           to
           the
           Laws
           ,
           Ordinances
           and
           Constitutions
           of
           man
           concerning
           their
           God
           ,
           while
           an
           higher
           light
           is
           set
           up
           in
           them
           ?
           No
           they
           cannot
           ,
           though
           they
           were
           in
           the
           dark
           .
           If
           ye
           can
           be
           content
           and
           desire
           to
           do
           so
           ,
           do
           so
           quietly
           ,
           live
           your selves
           in
           
             Egypt
          
           if
           ye
           like
           it
           (
           and
           ye
           may
           better
           do
           it
           ,
           for
           it
           will
           not
           be
           a
           Land
           of
           bondage
           to
           you
           )
           but
           
             let
             my
             people
             go
             that
             they
             may
             serve
             me
             ,
          
           said
           God
           ,
           concerning
           his
           people
           ,
           when
           alass
           they
           knew
           not
           how
           to
           serve
           him
           .
           This
           is
           a
           ticklish
           point
           ,
           and
           of
           more
           consequence
           to
           the
           Welfare
           of
           Nations
           then
           they
           are
           aware
           of
           .
           Therefore
           if
           ye
           love
           your selves
           ,
           your
           own
           Peace
           ,
           〈◊〉
           own
           Liberties
           ,
           your
           own
           Happiness
           ,
           beware
           of
           this
           ;
           take
           heed
           of
           enthralling
           them
           in
           spiritual
           things
           ,
           who
           were
           never
           in
           that
           respect
           (
           but
           only
           in
           outward
           ,
           in
           things
           common
           to
           man
           )
           put
           under
           your
           yoke
           .
           But
           ,
           in
           stead
           thereof
           ,
           wish
           after
           their
           Liberty
           :
           and
           though
           ye
           cannot
           heartily
           desire
           it
           in
           respect
           to
           them
           ,
           yet
           do
           it
           in
           reference
           to
           the
           enjoyment
           of
           your
           own
           your selves
           ,
           because
           ,
           for
           
           ought
           ye
           know
           ,
           yours
           may
           lie
           wrapped
           up
           in
           it
           .
        
         
           All
           this
           have
           I
           spoken
           unto
           you
           ,
           not
           from
           any
           design
           in
           me
           in
           reference
           to
           any
           thing
           or
           person
           :
           but
           truly
           and
           faithfully
           from
           my
           very
           heart
           commending
           unto
           you
           ,
           what
           to
           me
           (
           in
           this
           my
           state
           of
           weakness
           )
           appears
           best
           for
           you
           .
           Which
           having
           done
           ,
           I
           now
           take
           my
           leave
           of
           you
           ,
           wishing
           you
           the
           best
           benefit
           this
           can
           afford
           ,
           or
           rather
           the
           full
           fruition
           of
           that
           which
           this
           doth
           but
           weakly
           and
           imperfectly
           drive
           at
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           the
           quietest
           enjoyment
           of
           your selves
           in
           your
           present
           condition
           ,
           and
           the
           safest
           and
           swiftest
           passage
           to
           a
           better
           .
           This
           is
           the
           heart
           of
           him
           towards
           you
           ,
           who
           earnestly
           desireth
           to
           be
        
         
           
             Yours
             in
             true
             Love
             and
             Faithful
             Service
             ,
             Isaac
             Penington
             (
             
               junior
               .
            
             )
          
        
      
    
     
       
       
         
           THE
           Right
           ,
           Liberty
           and
           Safety
           OF
           THE
           PEOPLE
           Briefly
           Asserted
           .
        
         
           THe
           
             Right
             ,
             Liberty
          
           and
           
             Safety
          
           of
           the
           
             People
          
           lieth
           chiefly
           in
           these
           three
           things
           ;
           in
           
             the
             Choyce
          
           of
           their
           Government
           and
           Governors
           ,
           in
           
             the
             Establishment
          
           of
           that
           Government
           and
           those
           Governors
           which
           they
           shall
           chuse
           ,
           and
           in
           
             the
             Alteration
          
           of
           either
           as
           they
           find
           cause
           .
           This
           belongs
           to
           every
           people
           (
           though
           few
           ,
           if
           any
           ,
           are
           in
           possession
           of
           it
           ,
           )
           and
           that
           people
           ,
           which
           enjoyeth
           these
           ,
           enjoyeth
           its
           
             Right
             ,
          
           is
           indeed
           
             free
          
           and
           
             safe
          
           while
           it
           so
           remaineth
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           The
           Right
           ,
           Liberty
           and
           Safety
           of
           the
           People
           
             consists
             in
          
           the
           Choyce
           of
           their
           Government
           and
           Governors
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           their
           
             Right
             :
          
           for
           in
           
             Civil
             Societies
          
           Nature
           hath
           not
           cut
           out
           the
           
             body
          
           into
           form
           and
           shape
           ,
           but
           hath
           left
           it
           to
           be
           done
           by
           the
           
           
             will
             and
             wisdom
          
           of
           man
           ,
           having
           imprinted
           in
           him
           a
           sense
           of
           and
           desire
           after
           the
           enjoyment
           of
           
             Justice
             ,
             Order
             ,
             Love
             ,
             Peace
          
           (
           and
           whatsoever
           else
           is
           good
           and
           profitable
           for
           him
           )
           both
           particularly
           in
           himself
           and
           in
           common
           with
           others
           ;
           which
           desire
           throughly
           kindled
           in
           man
           ,
           and
           guided
           by
           
             the
             true
             light
             of
             Reason
             ,
          
           will
           lead
           man
           to
           chuse
           that
           which
           is
           properly
           good
           both
           for
           himself
           and
           others
           .
           And
           though
           man
           may
           possibly
           or
           probably
           abuse
           this
           ,
           yet
           that
           is
           no
           sufficient
           ground
           for
           depriving
           him
           of
           his
           
             right
             .
          
        
         
           Their
           
             Liberty
          
           lies
           in
           it
           too
           .
           They
           only
           are
           
             a
             free
             People
          
           who
           have
           their
           
             Government
          
           of
           their
           own
           choyce
           .
           Such
           upon
           whom
           others
           do
           intrude
           ,
           or
           upon
           whom
           other
           
             Laws
          
           or
           
             Regents
          
           are
           imposed
           then
           what
           themselves
           judg
           meet
           and
           necessary
           ,
           and
           besides
           that
           which
           they
           themselves
           voluntarily
           and
           by
           
             free
             consent
          
           submit
           unto
           for
           their
           good
           and
           welfare
           ,
           are
           so
           far
           under
           slavery
           and
           such
           a
           miserable
           
             subjection
          
           as
           Nature
           never
           appointed
           them
           unto
           .
        
         
           Their
           
             Safety
          
           likewise
           lies
           in
           it
           :
           for
           to
           be
           sure
           they
           will
           chuse
           nothing
           but
           what
           in
           probability
           will
           conduce
           to
           their
           own
           
             good
          
           and
           
             happiness
             ;
          
           whereas
           others
           ,
           making
           
             Laws
          
           for
           them
           ,
           or
           setting
           
             Governors
          
           over
           them
           ,
           may
           respect
           their
           own
           particular
           benefit
           and
           advantage
           ,
           and
           not
           so
           much
           the
           good
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           main
           end
           why
           
             Laws
             ,
             Governments
             and
             Governors
          
           are
           appointed
           ,
           and
           to
           which
           they
           should
           in
           a
           direct
           line
           be
           guided
           .
        
         
           And
           upon
           this
           ground
           I
           conceive
           it
           very
           requisite
           ,
           that
           men
           who
           are
           chosen
           to
           sit
           in
           
             Parliament
          
           to
           make
           or
           alter
           
             Laws
             ,
          
           to
           set
           up
           or
           alter
           
             Governments
          
           or
           
             Governors
          
           for
           and
           in
           behalf
           of
           
             the
             People
             ,
          
           should
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           any
           ,
           lie
           open
           to
           the
           force
           of
           all
           the
           
             Laws
          
           they
           make
           ,
           or
           of
           any
           thing
           they
           do
           in
           that
           kind
           ;
           that
           no
           
             Law
          
           they
           make
           should
           take
           effect
           till
           they
           be
           dissolved
           ,
           and
           come
           to
           lie
           as
           liable
           to
           it
           as
           any
           ,
           otherwise
           they
           will
           not
           be
           sensible
           enough
           of
           the
           Peoples
           
             condition
             ,
          
           and
           consequently
           not
           fit
           to
           stand
           in
           their
           stead
           ,
           or
           to
           act
           for
           them
           in
           cases
           that
           concern
           them
           so
           nearly
           .
           The
           greatest
           
             security
          
           the
           People
           have
           concerning
           their
           
             Parliaments
          
           is
           that
           they
           chuse
           persons
           whose
           condition
           will
           keep
           them
           from
           injurying
           them
           ,
           for
           if
           they
           prejudice
           them
           they
           prejudice
           themselves
           ,
           if
           they
           neglect
           their
           good
           they
           neglect
           their
           own
           good
           :
           This
           
             security
          
           is
           good
           while
           the
           people
           chuse
           them
           that
           are
           of
           their
           own
           
             rank
             ,
          
           and
           while
           these
           make
           no
           
             Laws
          
           for
           them
           which
           shall
           have
           any
           
             life
          
           or
           
             vertue
          
           to
           do
           
             good
          
           or
           
             hurt
          
           till
           they
           come
           also
           to
           be
           exposed
           to
           them
           ,
           
           but
           otherwise
           it
           is
           very
           invalid
           ,
           if
           not
           wholly
           lost
           .
           They
           who
           are
           to
           govern
           by
           
             Laws
          
           should
           have
           little
           or
           no
           hand
           in
           making
           the
           
             Laws
          
           they
           are
           to
           govern
           by
           :
           for
           Man
           respects
           himself
           in
           what
           he
           does
           ;
           (
           The
           Governor
           will
           respect
           himself
           ,
           his
           own
           ease
           ,
           advantage
           and
           honour
           in
           Government
           ,
           and
           lay
           loads
           upon
           the
           people
           ,
           but
           make
           his
           own
           burthen
           light
           :
           )
           Therefore
           things
           should
           be
           so
           o●dered
           ,
           in
           the
           behalf
           and
           for
           the
           security
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           that
           such
           as
           are
           chosen
           and
           appointed
           to
           act
           in
           this
           kind
           should
           lay
           no
           
             load
          
           upon
           the
           people
           ,
           but
           what
           their
           own
           backs
           may
           come
           as
           soon
           and
           as
           fully
           ,
           in
           their
           degree
           and
           station
           ,
           to
           bear
           ,
           as
           any
           of
           the
           peoples
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           
             The
             Right
             ,
             Liberty
             and
             Safety
             of
             the
             People
          
           consists
           in
           
             the
             Establishment
             of
             their
             Government
             and
             Governors
             .
          
           As
           they
           have
           right
           to
           chuse
           ,
           so
           they
           have
           right
           to
           confirm
           what
           they
           chuse
           ,
           to
           establish
           that
           
             Government
          
           and
           such
           kind
           of
           
             Governors
          
           as
           they
           judg
           or
           find
           most
           convenient
           and
           necessary
           for
           them
           .
           Without
           this
           the
           people
           can
           be
           neither
           
             free
          
           nor
           
             safe
          
           no
           more
           then
           without
           the
           other
           ,
           nay
           without
           this
           their
           
             right
             to
             chuse
          
           would
           be
           to
           little
           purpose
           ,
           the
           end
           of
           choyce
           in
           things
           of
           this
           nature
           being
           for
           the
           
             duration
          
           of
           its
           appointed
           season
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           Their
           
             Right
             ,
             Liberty
          
           and
           
             Safety
          
           lieth
           also
           in
           enjoying
           and
           exercising
           (
           as
           need
           requires
           )
           
             the
             Power
             of
             altering
             their
             Government
             or
             Governors
             :
          
           that
           when
           they
           find
           either
           burdensom
           or
           inconvenient
           they
           may
           lay
           it
           aside
           ,
           and
           place
           what
           else
           they
           shall
           judg
           lighter
           ,
           fitter
           or
           better
           in
           the
           stead
           of
           it
           .
           
             Nature
          
           still
           teacheth
           every
           thing
           ,
           as
           it
           groweth
           ,
           to
           reach
           further
           and
           further
           towards
           
             perfection
             .
          
           No
           man
           is
           bound
           to
           that
           which
           he
           chuseth
           or
           establisheth
           further
           then
           he
           findeth
           it
           suitable
           to
           the
           
             end
          
           for
           which
           he
           chose
           and
           established
           it
           :
           Now
           several
           
             states
          
           and
           
             conditions
          
           of
           things
           and
           persons
           changing
           ,
           there
           must
           of
           necessity
           be
           an
           answerable
           change
           in
           
             Laws
             ,
             Orders
             ,
             Governments
          
           or
           
             Governors
          
           also
           ,
           or
           man
           will
           be
           instrumental
           to
           introduce
           
             slavery
             ,
             misery
             and
             tyranny
          
           upon
           himself
           ,
           which
           Nature
           teacheth
           every
           thing
           both
           to
           abhor
           ,
           and
           as
           much
           as
           may
           be
           to
           avoyd
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           the
           desire
           of
           most
           men
           both
           in
           reference
           to
           
             Church
             and
             State
          
           (
           as
           men
           commonly
           speak
           )
           to
           have
           
             Laws
          
           and
           
             Ordinances
             ,
          
           after
           the
           manner
           of
           the
           
             Medes
             and
             Persians
             ,
          
           which
           cannot
           be
           altered
           :
           I
           cannot
           but
           approve
           the
           desire
           ,
           since
           it
           is
           written
           in
           mans
           
             nature
             .
          
           
           It
           is
           natural
           to
           man
           ,
           and
           a
           
             stamp
          
           of
           the
           
             divine
             Image
          
           upon
           him
           ,
           to
           press
           after
           
             unchangeableness
          
           both
           in
           himself
           and
           in
           the
           things
           which
           appertain
           unto
           him
           :
           But
           yet
           it
           is
           not
           suitable
           to
           his
           
             present
             condition
          
           which
           will
           in
           no
           wise
           admit
           of
           it
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           continually
           subject
           to
           change
           and
           alteration
           :
           And
           as
           it
           still
           changeth
           ,
           so
           do
           his
           
             needs
          
           and
           
             desires
             ,
          
           as
           also
           his
           
             experience
          
           and
           
             wisdom
             ,
          
           and
           so
           must
           the
           
             Laws
             and
             Orders
          
           which
           he
           prescribes
           to
           himself
           and
           others
           ,
           or
           he
           will
           be
           grievously
           cruel
           to
           himself
           and
           others
           .
           
             Ages
          
           have
           their
           
             growth
          
           as
           well
           as
           particular
           persons
           ,
           and
           must
           change
           their
           
             garments
             ,
          
           their
           
             Customs
             ,
          
           their
           
             courses
             ,
          
           &c.
           for
           those
           which
           are
           still
           suitable
           to
           their
           present
           state
           and
           growth
           .
           
             Laws
          
           are
           but
           
             temporary
             ;
          
           and
           as
           they
           are
           founded
           upon
           
             Reason
             ,
          
           so
           they
           are
           no
           longer
           to
           last
           then
           
             the
             Reason
          
           of
           them
           lasteth
           ,
           to
           which
           they
           ought
           to
           give
           place
           ,
           and
           admit
           of
           such
           a
           
             succession
          
           as
           it
           appoints
           .
           Only
           herein
           hath
           
             Nature
          
           provided
           well
           for
           
             the
             people
             ,
          
           if
           they
           could
           fairly
           come
           to
           their
           Right
           ,
           and
           had
           wisdom
           to
           use
           it
           (
           which
           sense
           and
           experience
           is
           continually
           instructing
           them
           how
           to
           do
           )
           in
           that
           she
           doth
           allot
           them
           to
           make
           and
           alter
           their
           own
           
             clothes
             ,
          
           to
           shape
           out
           their
           own
           
             burdens
             ,
          
           to
           form
           ,
           renew
           or
           alter
           that
           
             yoke
             of
             Government
          
           which
           is
           most
           necessary
           and
           convenient
           for
           their
           necks
           .
        
         
           All
           this
           ,
           or
           any
           part
           of
           this
           (
           
             either
             the
             chusing
             ,
             establishing
             or
             altering
             Governments
             ,
             Laws
             or
             Governors
          
           )
           the
           people
           cannot
           do
           in
           a
           Body
           ;
           an
           whole
           
             Nation
          
           is
           too
           unweildy
           to
           act
           together
           themselves
           :
           therefore
           
             Nature
          
           hath
           taught
           them
           to
           do
           it
           by
           
             Substitutes
             ,
          
           whom
           they
           themselves
           chuse
           to
           stand
           in
           their
           stead
           to
           do
           any
           of
           these
           things
           for
           them
           as
           their
           present
           
             condition
          
           and
           
             need
          
           requires
           ,
           which
           Body
           of
           persons
           is
           with
           us
           called
           a
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           who
           are
           picked
           out
           by
           the
           whole
           to
           be
           the
           
             Representative
          
           of
           the
           whole
           ,
           to
           do
           that
           for
           the
           whole
           which
           they
           would
           have
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           and
           would
           do
           themselves
           if
           they
           were
           a
           Body
           in
           a
           
             capacity
          
           to
           act
           .
        
         
           And
           from
           this
           first
           
             rise
          
           of
           things
           may
           best
           be
           discovered
           the
           
             nature
             ,
             ends
             ,
             proper
             use
             and
             limits
             of
             Parliaments
             ,
          
           all
           which
           are
           necessary
           to
           be
           known
           ,
           both
           that
           they
           may
           move
           according
           to
           their
           
             nature
             ,
          
           pursue
           their
           
             ends
             ,
          
           be
           rightly
           
             used
             ,
          
           keep
           within
           their
           
             compass
             ,
          
           and
           that
           the
           people
           may
           clearly
           discern
           that
           they
           so
           do
           ,
           whereby
           they
           will
           come
           to
           rest
           satisfied
           in
           their
           
             proceedings
             ,
          
           and
           in
           their
           
             expectations
          
           of
           good
           thereby
           .
        
         
         
           We
           see
           here
           of
           what
           kind
           of
           
             persons
          
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           is
           to
           consist
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           of
           
             the
             common
             people
             ,
          
           that
           they
           may
           be
           fit
           to
           represent
           their
           burdens
           and
           desires
           .
        
         
           We
           see
           here
           of
           what
           
             use
          
           and
           for
           what
           
             end
          
           they
           are
           ,
           
             viz.
             to
             relieve
             the
             people
             ,
          
           to
           redress
           any
           occasion
           of
           
             grief
          
           or
           
             burden
          
           to
           them
           ,
           to
           make
           
             Laws
             ,
          
           alter
           
             Laws
             ,
          
           set
           
             Laws
          
           in
           a
           due
           way
           of
           
             Administration
             ,
          
           set
           up
           or
           alter
           
             Governments
          
           and
           
             Governors
             ,
          
           dispose
           of
           every
           thing
           in
           such
           a
           way
           as
           the
           people
           may
           freely
           enjoy
           their
           
             Rights
          
           in
           Peace
           and
           Safety
           .
        
         
           We
           see
           also
           their
           
             bounds
          
           in
           general
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           the
           exercising
           
             the
             power
             of
             the
             People
          
           in
           such
           ways
           as
           were
           proper
           for
           the
           people
           to
           exercise
           it
           in
           were
           they
           capable
           of
           joynt
           and
           orderly
           acting
           .
        
         
           We
           see
           likewise
           their
           
             Nature
          
           or
           
             Constitution
             ,
          
           what
           they
           are
           .
           They
           are
           
             the
             ELECTIVE
             POWER
             ,
             the
             CONSTITVTIVE
             POWER
             ,
             the
             ALTERATIVE
             POWER
             .
          
           What
           lies
           confused
           and
           unuseful
           in
           the
           people
           is
           treasured
           up
           in
           them
           in
           order
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           fitting
           way
           for
           use
           .
           Is
           there
           a
           
             Government
          
           wanting
           ?
           The
           people
           cannot
           orderly
           or
           wisely
           debate
           or
           chuse
           that
           which
           is
           likely
           to
           be
           most
           commodious
           and
           safe
           .
           Are
           there
           any
           
             Laws
          
           wanting
           ?
           The
           people
           cannot
           well
           set
           about
           making
           Laws
           .
           Are
           there
           any
           
             Laws
             ,
             Customs
             ,
          
           or
           
             Encroachments
          
           burdensom
           ?
           The
           people
           cannot
           rightly
           scan
           how
           far
           they
           are
           so
           ,
           or
           proceed
           to
           a
           regular
           alteration
           of
           them
           .
           So
           that
           the
           whole
           
             Right
             ,
             Freedom
             ,
             Welfare
          
           and
           
             Safety
          
           of
           the
           People
           consists
           in
           
             Parliaments
          
           rightly
           and
           duly
           called
           ,
           constituted
           and
           ordered
           towards
           acting
           faithfully
           in
           the
           discharge
           of
           the
           Trust
           reposed
           in
           them
           .
        
         
           Yea
           lastly
           ,
           Here
           we
           may
           see
           in
           a
           direct
           line
           
             the
             proper
             course
             and
             way
             of
             Parliaments
             ,
          
           which
           speaks
           out
           it self
           ,
           and
           would
           easily
           be
           discerned
           by
           us
           ,
           if
           our
           eyes
           were
           kept
           fixed
           here
           ,
           and
           not
           entangled
           with
           other
           intermixtures
           ,
           which
           are
           apt
           to
           seize
           upon
           every
           thing
           ,
           and
           interweave
           with
           every
           thing
           ,
           hardly
           any
           thing
           keeping
           its
           own
           pure
           
             nature
          
           or
           proper
           
             current
             .
          
           Take
           it
           thus
           ,
           (
           with
           a
           little
           kind
           of
           Circuit
           for
           the
           better
           illustration
           of
           it
           ,
           yet
           very
           briefly
           .
           )
        
         
           All
           
             Governments
          
           (
           though
           intended
           for
           and
           directed
           towards
           common
           good
           )
           are
           still
           declining
           and
           contracting
           private
           ,
           selfish
           and
           corrupt
           
             Interests
             ,
          
           whereby
           the
           people
           come
           to
           feel
           
             burdens
          
           under
           them
           ,
           and
           find
           want
           of
           
             fences
          
           to
           guard
           them
           from
           the
           
             insolencies
          
           and
           
             assaults
          
           of
           such
           as
           are
           above
           them
           ,
           which
           are
           very
           usual
           
           every where
           ,
           for
           every
           man
           (
           I
           think
           I
           need
           not
           add
           ,
           almost
           )
           though
           he
           be
           unwilling
           to
           have
           any
           tyrannize
           over
           him
           ,
           yet
           he
           is
           too
           prone
           to
           tyrannize
           over
           such
           as
           are
           under
           him
           .
           Who
           would
           not
           ,
           when
           he
           feels
           
             oppression
             ,
          
           if
           he
           were
           able
           ,
           thrust
           the
           
             Oppressor
          
           out
           of
           his
           
             seat
             ?
          
           and
           yet
           who
           sees
           how
           ready
           he
           himself
           would
           be
           ,
           so
           soon
           as
           he
           hath
           done
           it
           ,
           to
           seat
           himself
           in
           the
           same
           
             throne
             of
             oppression
             ;
          
           and
           that
           he
           will
           as
           certainly
           do
           the
           one
           as
           the
           other
           ,
           if
           he
           be
           not
           hindered
           by
           
             outwards
             force
             ,
          
           or
           (
           which
           is
           better
           )
           by
           an
           
             inward
             principle
             ?
          
           Indeed
           man
           can
           by
           no
           means
           come
           to
           see
           this
           concerning
           himself
           ,
           but
           the
           people
           still
           come
           too
           soon
           to
           feel
           it
           .
        
         
           Now
           the
           People
           ,
           who
           wear
           their
           
             Government
             ,
          
           finding
           
             by
             experience
          
           where
           it
           sitteth
           easie
           or
           pincheth
           ,
           what
           present
           
             loads
          
           they
           groan
           most
           under
           ,
           what
           future
           
             fences
          
           they
           stand
           in
           need
           of
           to
           shelter
           them
           from
           the
           injurious
           assaults
           of
           
             Powers
          
           above
           them
           ;
           accordingly
           chuse
           
             persons
             ,
          
           who
           lie
           under
           the
           same
           sense
           with
           them
           ,
           to
           represent
           ,
           consult
           about
           ,
           and
           redress
           these
           their
           
             grievances
             ,
          
           by
           
             punishing
             Offenders
          
           for
           misdemeanors
           past
           ,
           by
           
             opening
             the
             course
             of
             Law
          
           for
           time
           to
           come
           ,
           as
           also
           by
           
             adding
          
           thereto
           ,
           or
           
             detracting
          
           therefrom
           ,
           as
           the
           condition
           and
           need
           of
           the
           people
           requires
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           These
           persons
           thus
           chosen
           are
           to
           come
           with
           the
           sense
           and
           desires
           of
           the
           particular
           
             Counties
             ,
             Cities
             or
             Boroughs
          
           for
           which
           they
           serve
           ,
           mutually
           to
           represent
           these
           ,
           and
           to
           consult
           together
           how
           all
           
             burthens
          
           may
           be
           taken
           off
           ,
           and
           all
           
             desires
          
           satisfied
           in
           such
           a
           way
           as
           may
           stand
           with
           the
           
             good
          
           of
           the
           whole
           .
        
         
           After
           full
           
             debate
          
           had
           how
           these
           things
           may
           be
           done
           ,
           to
           come
           to
           an
           
             agreement
          
           of
           full
           
             setling
          
           them
           accordingly
           in
           the
           
             firmest
             way
          
           that
           can
           be
           ,
           which
           having
           done
           to
           
             dissolve
             ,
          
           and
           leave
           the
           people
           experimentally
           to
           try
           and
           reap
           the
           benefit
           of
           their
           
             care
             ,
             pains
          
           and
           
             fidelity
             ,
          
           and
           to
           return
           immediately
           into
           their
           former
           
             condition
             ,
          
           to
           lie
           with
           them
           sensibly
           again
           under
           the
           
             benefit
          
           or
           
             inconvenience
          
           of
           what
           they
           have
           done
           .
        
         
           And
           this
           to
           be
           done
           with
           as
           much
           
             speed
             ,
          
           as
           the
           motion
           of
           such
           a
           kind
           of
           Body
           ,
           in
           Affairs
           so
           weighty
           ,
           can
           permit
           ;
           that
           if
           they
           chance
           to
           fail
           in
           effecting
           what
           is
           desired
           and
           expected
           from
           them
           ,
           the
           people
           may
           quiet
           themselves
           with
           the
           expectation
           of
           another
           
             remedy
          
           in
           its
           season
           approaching
           .
           The
           reason
           why
           
             Parliaments
          
           should
           with
           all
           possible
           speed
           dispatch
           their
           work
           ,
           is
           for
           avoyding
           of
           that
           
             corruption
          
           which
           
             standing
             pools
          
           are
           subject
           to
           ,
           and
           which
           is
           
           most
           dangerous
           in
           
             them
             ;
          
           for
           what
           shall
           rectifie
           
             the
             last
             remedy
             ,
          
           if
           that
           be
           out
           of
           order
           ,
           and
           grow
           so
           corrupt
           ,
           that
           it
           hath
           more
           need
           of
           a
           
             Physician
          
           it self
           ,
           then
           to
           act
           the
           part
           of
           a
           
             Physician
             ?
          
           All
           things
           by
           degrees
           gather
           
             corruption
             ,
          
           the
           
             governing
             Power
          
           by
           degrees
           declineth
           from
           its
           first
           purity
           ,
           and
           so
           also
           doth
           the
           
             rectifying
          
           and
           
             reforming
             Power
             ,
          
           its
           
             deviation
          
           is
           as
           easie
           as
           the
           others
           ,
           and
           of
           far
           greater
           consequence
           ;
           more
           
             destructive
             ,
          
           less
           
             curable
             .
          
           Therefore
           better
           were
           it
           for
           
             Parliaments
          
           to
           leave
           part
           of
           their
           work
           undone
           ,
           then
           to
           sit
           so
           long
           as
           to
           contract
           
             corruption
             :
          
           It
           is
           better
           to
           want
           somewhat
           of
           the
           full
           
             application
          
           of
           a
           
             remedy
             ,
          
           then
           to
           have
           it
           poysoned
           .
           But
           of
           this
           more
           by
           and
           by
           under
           a
           distinct
           head
           by
           it self
           .
        
         
           Now
           the
           whole
           
             Right
             ,
             Liberty
             ,
             Welfare
             and
             Safety
          
           of
           the
           People
           consisting
           in
           
             Parliaments
             ;
          
           the
           right
           
             Constitution
          
           and
           orderly
           
             motion
          
           of
           them
           is
           of
           the
           greatest
           consequence
           that
           can
           be
           ,
           there
           being
           so
           much
           embarqued
           in
           this
           
             Vessel
             ,
          
           where
           ,
           if
           it
           miscarry
           ,
           it
           is
           irreparably
           lost
           ,
           unless
           it
           can
           be
           recovered
           again
           out
           of
           the
           
             Sea
          
           of
           
             Confusion
             .
          
        
         
           Wherefore
           it
           becometh
           every
           one
           (
           both
           in
           reference
           to
           himself
           and
           the
           whole
           )
           to
           contribute
           his
           utmost
           towards
           the
           right
           steering
           of
           
             this
             Vessel
             ,
          
           towards
           the
           preserving
           of
           it
           pure
           both
           in
           its
           
             state
          
           and
           
             motions
             ,
          
           lest
           both
           the
           
             good
             and
             welfare
          
           of
           the
           
             whole
          
           and
           of
           every
           
             particular
          
           miscarry
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           due
           care
           and
           observation
           .
        
         
           Towards
           which
           work
           ,
           the
           further
           to
           incite
           and
           provoke
           others
           ,
           I
           cast
           in
           this
           present
           
             offering
             ,
          
           making
           mention
           of
           those
           
             dangers
          
           which
           lie
           open
           to
           my
           eye
           in
           reference
           to
           
             Parliaments
             ,
          
           whereby
           the
           
             true
             and
             genuine
             fruit
          
           of
           them
           may
           either
           be
           hindered
           from
           
             growth
             ,
          
           or
           come
           to
           be
           
             corrupted
             ,
          
           whereby
           the
           People
           at
           least
           cannot
           but
           miss
           of
           the
           proper
           use
           and
           benefit
           ,
           which
           it
           ought
           to
           reap
           from
           them
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           ,
           in
           reference
           to
           Parliaments
           ,
           six
           
             Cases
          
           or
           
             Considerations
             ,
          
           evident
           to
           me
           ,
           whereby
           the
           hazard
           of
           the
           people
           may
           be
           very
           great
           ,
           which
           I
           shall
           set
           down
           distinctly
           that
           they
           may
           be
           the
           better
           taken
           notice
           of
           ,
           weighed
           and
           judged
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           
             Want
             of
             Parliaments
             .
          
           Parliaments
           are
           the
           proper
           
             Remedy
          
           to
           relieve
           the
           
             grieved
             People
          
           from
           their
           
             burdens
             and
             oppressions
             ;
          
           from
           any
           kind
           or
           the
           several
           kinds
           of
           oppressions
           that
           may
           befall
           
           them
           ;
           from
           the
           oppressions
           of
           any
           
             Government
             ,
          
           any
           
             Governors
             ,
          
           any
           
             Laws
             ,
          
           any
           
             Incroachments
          
           &c.
           (
           for
           by
           several
           ways
           ,
           means
           and
           instruments
           the
           people
           may
           be
           oppressed
           )
           Now
           if
           
             Parliaments
          
           be
           wanting
           ,
           that
           is
           to
           say
           ,
           be
           not
           duly
           called
           according
           to
           the
           need
           of
           the
           people
           (
           it
           being
           their
           
             proper
             engine
          
           whereby
           alone
           they
           can
           duly
           ,
           orderly
           and
           safely
           act
           )
           their
           
             Right
             ,
             Liberty
          
           and
           
             Safety
          
           is
           much
           hazarded
           ,
           and
           they
           obnoxious
           to
           lie
           under
           the
           burden
           of
           oppression
           without
           remedy
           .
           If
           
             diseases
          
           grow
           ,
           and
           a
           due
           
             course
             of
             physique
          
           be
           not
           to
           be
           had
           ,
           the
           body
           cannot
           but
           suffer
           damage
           and
           hazard
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           two
           things
           essentially
           necessary
           to
           the
           health
           and
           well-being
           of
           a
           
             Nation
             ,
          
           as
           well
           as
           of
           other
           bodies
           both
           
             natural
          
           and
           
             politique
             ,
          
           which
           are
           ,
           the
           cutting
           off
           of
           exuberances
           ,
           and
           the
           supplying
           of
           defects
           ,
           both
           which
           in
           the
           principal
           and
           most
           weighty
           part
           of
           them
           ,
           are
           peculiar
           to
           
             Parliaments
             ;
          
           so
           that
           where
           there
           is
           want
           of
           them
           ,
           the
           
             radical
             life
             and
             vertue
          
           of
           the
           people
           must
           needs
           be
           obstructed
           ,
           languish
           and
           decay
           .
           This
           is
           a
           very
           ill
           disease
           ,
           how
           ever
           those
           who
           never
           knew
           or
           experimented
           the
           sweetness
           of
           enjoying
           their
           
             Right
          
           and
           
             Liberty
             ,
          
           may
           not
           be
           considerably
           sensible
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           
             Want
             of
             fair
             Elections
             ,
          
           as
           thus
           ,
           If
           the
           people
           be
           by
           any
           means
           drawn
           from
           minding
           their
           own
           good
           ,
           from
           bending
           themselves
           to
           chuse
           persons
           who
           may
           be
           fit
           to
           act
           for
           them
           .
           How
           easily
           may
           
             Parl●aments
          
           warp
           aside
           from
           easing
           and
           relieving
           the
           people
           unto
           further
           burthening
           and
           grieving
           of
           them
           ,
           if
           such
           persons
           be
           chosen
           to
           appear
           in
           their
           behalf
           ,
           who
           are
           friends
           to
           their
           Oppressors
           ,
           and
           have
           a
           particular
           advantage
           of
           sharing
           with
           them
           in
           the
           benefit
           of
           that
           which
           is
           the
           burden
           and
           cause
           of
           grief
           to
           the
           people
           ?
           And
           here
           is
           a
           great
           danger
           the
           people
           are
           very
           obnoxious
           to
           :
           Their
           burdens
           commonly
           arise
           from
           the
           miscarriage
           of
           the
           still
           
             present
             Governors
             ,
          
           and
           these
           Governors
           cannot
           but
           have
           great
           advantages
           ,
           by
           their
           Power
           over
           them
           ,
           to
           have
           an
           influence
           upon
           their
           choyce
           .
           Therefore
           if
           the
           people
           be
           not
           so
           much
           the
           more
           wary
           ,
           that
           which
           was
           intended
           for
           their
           greatest
           
             relief
          
           may
           turn
           to
           their
           greatest
           
             prejudice
             .
          
           O
           how
           miserable
           is
           man
           ,
           whose
           remedies
           against
           multitudes
           of
           dangers
           are
           so
           few
           ,
           and
           even
           those
           few
           all
           along
           so
           subject
           to
           miscarry
           !
           A
           
             Parliament
          
           may
           be
           prevented
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           not
           be
           to
           be
           had
           when
           there
           is
           most
           need
           of
           it
           :
           A
           
             Parliament
          
           may
           be
           corrupt
           before
           it
           hath
           a
           Being
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           so
           ill
           constituted
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           
             materials
          
           of
           it
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           be
           a
           fitter
           engine
           of
           slavery
           and
           
           misery
           then
           of
           freedom
           and
           happiness
           to
           a
           poor
           enthralled
           people
           .
           And
           yet
           this
           is
           not
           all
           the
           danger
           that
           
             Parliaments
          
           are
           exposed
           unto
           ,
           as
           also
           the
           people
           ,
           in
           relation
           to
           that
           good
           they
           hope
           for
           by
           
             Parliaments
             .
          
        
         
           3.
           
           
             Short
             continuance
             of
             Parliaments
             .
          
           Suppose
           the
           people
           have
           
             Parliaments
             ,
          
           have
           a
           fair
           and
           free
           choyce
           without
           being
           over-powered
           therein
           ,
           or
           swayed
           aside
           ;
           nay
           suppose
           yet
           more
           ,
           that
           they
           chuse
           well
           for
           themselves
           ;
           yet
           
             the
             Power
          
           they
           are
           to
           deal
           with
           may
           overbear
           them
           ,
           and
           (
           if
           they
           cannot
           bend
           them
           aside
           )
           enforce
           their
           
             dissolution
             .
          
           And
           hereby
           the
           people
           must
           needs
           be
           deprived
           of
           reaping
           that
           good
           they
           desired
           and
           hoped
           for
           by
           their
           endeavors
           .
        
         
           
             Parliaments
          
           are
           
             great
             Bodies
             ,
          
           and
           consequently
           
             flow
          
           in
           motion
           ,
           which
           is
           their
           proper
           pace
           and
           advantage
           ,
           for
           they
           can
           hardly
           do
           any
           thing
           well
           but
           what
           they
           do
           slowly
           ;
           for
           motions
           that
           require
           swiftness
           
             Nature
          
           hath
           cut
           out
           other
           kind
           of
           bodies
           .
           Again
           ,
           
             Parliaments
          
           are
           to
           act
           very
           
             warily
             ,
          
           (
           as
           the
           things
           they
           are
           to
           do
           ,
           are
           of
           great
           concernment
           ,
           and
           require
           much
           
             circumspection
          
           and
           
             consideration
             ,
          
           )
           and
           therefore
           in
           both
           these
           respects
           must
           have
           time
           convenient
           to
           act
           accurately
           in
           the
           discharge
           of
           
             so
             great
             a
             Trust
             ,
          
           and
           in
           the
           managing
           of
           
             so
             weighty
             Affairs
             ,
          
           which
           if
           it
           be
           not
           answerably
           allotted
           them
           ,
           they
           must
           of
           necessity
           be
           defective
           in
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           
             Want
             of
             Power
             to
             Parliaments
             .
          
           Parliaments
           have
           a
           difficult
           piece
           of
           work
           ,
           
             viz.
             to
             chastise
             the
             greatest
             Oppressors
             ,
             and
             to
             strike
             at
             the
             very
             root
             and
             foundation
             of
             oppression
          
           in
           any
           kind
           ,
           and
           unless
           they
           have
           Power
           answerable
           they
           cannot
           possibly
           go
           through
           with
           it
           .
           
             Oppositions
          
           and
           
             interruptions
          
           from
           
             other
             Powers
          
           they
           must
           expect
           to
           meet
           with
           ,
           which
           if
           they
           be
           not
           able
           to
           graple
           with
           and
           overcome
           ,
           they
           cannot
           exercise
           the
           full
           Right
           and
           Liberty
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           either
           in
           
             punishing
             Offenders
             against
             the
             People
             ,
          
           or
           in
           
             chusing
             ,
             establishing
             or
             altering
             Governments
             ,
             Laws
             or
             Governors
          
           for
           the
           People
           .
           This
           must
           necessarily
           much
           hinder
           ,
           if
           not
           put
           a
           stop
           to
           their
           work
           :
           for
           if
           any
           fall
           short
           of
           those
           means
           which
           are
           proper
           to
           an
           end
           ,
           they
           cannot
           possibly
           attain
           that
           end
           :
           If
           the
           hand
           which
           imposeth
           and
           would
           keep
           burthens
           upon
           the
           back
           ,
           be
           stronger
           then
           that
           which
           would
           remove
           them
           ;
           If
           the
           hand
           which
           would
           supply
           defects
           ,
           be
           weaker
           then
           that
           which
           stands
           in
           its
           way
           to
           stop
           it
           in
           its
           course
           ,
           vain
           and
           fruitless
           will
           all
           its
           endeavors
           be
           .
           (
           The
           Power
           
           that
           relieveth
           from
           oppression
           must
           of
           necessity
           be
           greater
           then
           the
           Power
           that
           oppresseth
           .
           )
           And
           this
           was
           the
           condition
           of
           this
           present
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           there
           was
           visibly
           such
           a
           
             Power
          
           over
           them
           as
           they
           could
           do
           nothing
           to
           purpose
           for
           the
           good
           of
           the
           People
           ;
           This
           doubtless
           they
           had
           great
           reason
           to
           strive
           to
           get
           loose
           from
           ,
           and
           the
           people
           had
           great
           reason
           to
           stick
           to
           them
           in
           it
           ,
           as
           also
           to
           expect
           from
           them
           their
           own
           freedom
           after
           they
           were
           made
           free
           ,
           the
           freedom
           of
           the
           people
           being
           the
           end
           (
           theirs
           but
           the
           means
           ,
           )
           and
           therefore
           most
           to
           be
           eyed
           .
           'T
           is
           to
           no
           purpose
           at
           all
           to
           have
           never
           so
           free
           a
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           unless
           we
           have
           also
           a
           
             People
          
           put
           into
           the
           possession
           of
           their
           freedoms
           by
           the
           
             Parliament
             .
          
        
         
           5.
           
           
             Over-long-duration
             of
             Parliaments
             .
          
           This
           was
           glanced
           at
           before
           ,
           but
           yet
           it
           will
           be
           requisite
           to
           consider
           of
           it
           further
           ,
           because
           after
           those
           many
           changes
           which
           of
           late
           we
           have
           been
           much
           driven
           and
           necessitated
           into
           ,
           we
           may
           at
           present
           lie
           more
           open
           to
           the
           
             ill
             influence
          
           of
           this
           ,
           then
           of
           any
           of
           the
           former
           :
           and
           it
           should
           be
           the
           especial
           wisdom
           and
           care
           of
           man
           to
           take
           most
           heed
           of
           that
           danger
           which
           he
           lieth
           most
           open
           to
           .
           Every
           thing
           hath
           its
           
             appointed
             seasons
             ,
             bounds
          
           and
           
             proper
             way
             of
             operation
             ,
          
           within
           which
           it
           is
           very
           beautiful
           and
           profitable
           ,
           but
           beyond
           it
           very
           uncomely
           and
           dangerous
           .
           
             Parliaments
             ,
          
           in
           their
           season
           ,
           may
           bring
           forth
           a
           most
           sweet
           and
           excellent
           kind
           of
           fruit
           ,
           which
           may
           vigorously
           refresh
           the
           spirits
           ,
           and
           recover
           the
           decaying
           Liberties
           of
           a
           dying
           
             Nation
             ;
          
           but
           continuing
           longer
           then
           its
           season
           ,
           the
           
             Root
             it self
          
           may
           easily
           grow
           corrupt
           ,
           and
           
             the
             fruit
          
           prove
           sowre
           ,
           harsh
           ,
           and
           deadly
           ,
           yea
           may
           tend
           to
           a
           more
           bitter
           death
           then
           it
           was
           ordained
           to
           prevent
           .
           Many
           dangers
           
             Parliaments
          
           are
           exposed
           to
           by
           long
           continuance
           ,
           whereby
           their
           
             nature
             and
             constitution
          
           may
           be
           depraved
           ,
           or
           they
           induced
           to
           act
           after
           a
           different
           nature
           ,
           or
           in
           other
           ways
           then
           is
           proper
           for
           them
           ,
           or
           good
           for
           the
           people
           .
           Those
           dangers
           which
           more
           principally
           in
           this
           respect
           represent
           themselves
           to
           my
           eye
           ,
           I
           shall
           here
           make
           mention
           of
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           
             Parliaments
             ,
          
           by
           long
           continuance
           ,
           will
           be
           subject
           to
           fall
           into
           
             factions
             ,
          
           which
           is
           the
           foundation
           of
           so
           many
           breaches
           and
           divisions
           in
           the
           whole
           ,
           upon
           which
           they
           cannot
           but
           have
           an
           influence
           to
           conform
           them
           unto
           themselves
           ,
           the
           eye
           of
           the
           people
           being
           still
           upon
           the
           
             fountain-head
             .
          
           We
           have
           had
           sufficient
           experience
           to
           evidence
           the
           truth
           of
           this
           ,
           for
           still
           as
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           hath
           been
           divided
           ,
           there
           
           have
           also
           been
           divisions
           throughout
           the
           whole
           
             Nation
             .
          
           Persons
           who
           act
           joyntly
           and
           uniformly
           at
           first
           ,
           (
           having
           one
           and
           the
           same
           
             sense
          
           upon
           their
           spirits
           ,
           one
           and
           the
           same
           
             end
          
           in
           their
           eye
           ,
           one
           and
           the
           same
           
             desire
          
           in
           their
           hearts
           )
           may
           in
           process
           of
           time
           lose
           this
           
             sense
             ,
          
           this
           
             desire
             ,
          
           this
           
             end
             ,
          
           and
           be
           drawn
           aside
           to
           another
           
             sense
             ,
             desire
             ,
             end
             ,
          
           and
           differ
           also
           in
           their
           new
           choyce
           ,
           which
           may
           insensibly
           creep
           in
           upon
           them
           ;
           and
           according
           to
           this
           difference
           ,
           there
           will
           ensue
           a
           division
           among
           them
           both
           in
           their
           motions
           and
           actions
           .
           Now
           how
           dangerous
           this
           is
           to
           have
           a
           breach
           
             in
             the
             Root
             ,
          
           to
           have
           a
           seed
           of
           division
           
             in
             the
             heart
             ,
          
           working
           there
           ,
           springing
           forth
           from
           thence
           ,
           and
           diffusing
           it self
           throughout
           the
           whole
           body
           ,
           I
           think
           it
           will
           be
           needless
           to
           express
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           Parliament
           men
           ,
           by
           the
           long
           continuance
           of
           a
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           will
           be
           exposed
           to
           the
           temptation
           of
           
             seeking
             themselves
             ,
          
           of
           minding
           and
           prosecuting
           their
           several
           particular
           
             ends
          
           and
           
             interests
             .
          
           A
           Parliament
           man
           ,
           as
           he
           is
           chosen
           to
           be
           ,
           so
           he
           should
           set
           himself
           to
           be
           
             a
             publique
             person
             ,
          
           as
           it
           were
           forgetting
           himself
           ,
           and
           giving
           up
           himself
           to
           be
           taken
           up
           only
           with
           the
           
             publique
             good
             ,
          
           for
           the
           season
           of
           this
           work
           .
           This
           a
           good
           
             Patriot
          
           may
           find
           somewhat
           easie
           to
           do
           for
           a
           while
           ,
           but
           if
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           last
           long
           ,
           Self
           which
           is
           very
           strong
           in
           him
           ,
           and
           may
           challenge
           a
           right
           to
           be
           looked
           after
           ,
           will
           revive
           its
           right
           ,
           pleading
           both
           
             reason
          
           and
           
             necessity
          
           in
           its
           own
           behalf
           .
           That
           man
           ,
           that
           could
           be
           content
           to
           lay
           all
           aside
           ,
           and
           bend
           himself
           wholly
           for
           the
           publique
           for
           a
           short
           time
           ,
           cannot
           hold
           out
           in
           doing
           so
           ,
           but
           will
           be
           enforced
           to
           look
           after
           himself
           ,
           his
           own
           affairs
           ,
           his
           own
           profit
           and
           thriving
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           &c.
           
           And
           when
           he
           comes
           to
           manage
           these
           and
           the
           other
           together
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           very
           difficult
           for
           him
           to
           avoyd
           making
           use
           of
           that
           advantage
           ,
           which
           both
           his
           power
           and
           the
           long
           continuance
           of
           it
           affords
           him
           ,
           towards
           his
           own
           particular
           benefit
           .
           And
           Self
           ,
           having
           thus
           crept
           in
           ,
           will
           grow
           more
           and
           more
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           will
           be
           continually
           ,
           secretly
           and
           subtilly
           drawing
           him
           more
           and
           more
           towards
           himself
           ,
           and
           more
           and
           more
           from
           the
           publique
           :
           and
           killing
           those
           affections
           in
           him
           (
           which
           are
           too
           apt
           of
           themselves
           to
           do
           )
           which
           were
           very
           lively
           at
           first
           for
           the
           publique
           ,
           and
           consequently
           much
           unfit
           him
           for
           his
           work
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           
             Parliaments
          
           by
           long
           continuance
           are
           in
           danger
           of
           contracting
           
             a
             particular
             Interest
          
           (
           an
           Interest
           distinct
           from
           that
           Interest
           which
           they
           have
           as
           a
           part
           of
           and
           in
           common
           with
           the
           people
           )
           in
           the
           
             publique
             
             Government
             .
          
           Every
           man
           hath
           an
           allowable
           
             Interest
          
           in
           common
           with
           the
           whole
           ,
           so
           that
           if
           it
           goeth
           well
           with
           the
           whole
           ,
           every
           one
           shares
           in
           it
           :
           This
           is
           a
           good
           ,
           a
           profitable
           Interest
           ,
           no
           way
           prejudicial
           to
           any
           else
           .
           But
           then
           there
           is
           
             a
             particular
             Interest
             ,
          
           whereby
           it
           may
           go
           well
           with
           some
           ,
           though
           ill
           with
           the
           generality
           ;
           nay
           the
           welfare
           of
           some
           may
           arise
           out
           of
           the
           incommodity
           of
           the
           generality
           ;
           That
           wind
           which
           bloweth
           ill
           upon
           the
           publique
           ,
           may
           blow
           profit
           to
           some
           .
           This
           
             Interest
          
           all
           Powers
           do
           readily
           contract
           to
           themselves
           ,
           partly
           by
           their
           own
           
             strength
             ,
          
           and
           partly
           by
           their
           advantage
           to
           winde
           into
           other
           Powers
           ,
           the
           greater
           still
           bringing
           the
           less
           into
           subjection
           ,
           which
           must
           be
           at
           its
           command
           and
           use
           ,
           or
           be
           broken
           by
           it
           .
           This
           snare
           which
           other
           Powers
           by
           their
           continuation
           are
           still
           running
           into
           ,
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           is
           to
           redeem
           and
           purge
           them
           from
           ;
           but
           to
           take
           heed
           lest
           their
           own
           continuance
           should
           be
           so
           long
           ,
           as
           to
           bring
           them
           into
           the
           same
           snare
           ;
           which
           may
           both
           
             unfit
             them
             for
             their
             proper
             work
             ,
          
           which
           is
           to
           be
           Judges
           on
           the
           behalf
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           which
           how
           can
           they
           truly
           execute
           ,
           who
           have
           a
           particular
           interest
           and
           share
           of
           their
           own
           (
           besides
           that
           which
           they
           have
           in
           common
           with
           the
           people
           )
           in
           the
           present
           Government
           ,
           whom
           as
           it
           favours
           ,
           so
           they
           must
           again
           favour
           it
           ?
           As
           also
           it
           may
           
             engage
             them
             in
             an
             improper
             work
             ,
             viz.
          
           in
           becoming
           Administrators
           in
           the
           present
           Government
           ,
           which
           is
           no
           way
           proper
           for
           such
           as
           are
           appointed
           to
           be
           the
           Judges
           of
           Administrators
           and
           Administrations
           .
        
         
           A
           
             Parliament
          
           have
           an
           interest
           in
           the
           Government
           with
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           yea
           a
           right
           and
           power
           conferred
           upon
           them
           by
           the
           people
           to
           
             order
             ,
             settle
             ,
             amend
             ,
          
           or
           (
           if
           need
           be
           )
           
             new-make
          
           the
           Government
           for
           themselves
           and
           the
           people
           ;
           but
           not
           to
           meddle
           with
           the
           
             administration
          
           of
           it
           ,
           or
           to
           endeavor
           to
           bend
           it
           aside
           ,
           in
           the
           
             administration
          
           of
           it
           ,
           for
           any
           particular
           end
           or
           advantage
           of
           their
           own
           ;
           which
           their
           Power
           may
           easily
           do
           ,
           and
           which
           their
           over-long-duration
           may
           too
           much
           intice
           them
           to
           assay
           to
           do
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           
             Parliaments
             ,
          
           by
           long
           continuance
           ,
           may
           incur
           the
           danger
           of
           interrupting
           ,
           if
           not
           of
           swallowing
           up
           the
           
             ordinary
             course
          
           of
           the
           peoples
           enjoying
           their
           
             Right
          
           in
           obtaining
           
             speedy
             ,
             free
             and
             impartial
             Justice
          
           by
           the
           administration
           and
           execution
           of
           the
           Laws
           .
           The
           greater
           doth
           commonly
           weaken
           ,
           if
           not
           devour
           the
           less
           .
           Extraordinary
           remedies
           are
           apt
           to
           thrust
           into
           the
           place
           of
           the
           ordinary
           ,
           especially
           when
           by
           long
           duration
           they
           may
           seem
           to
           challenge
           to
           themselves
           
           the
           right
           of
           becoming
           ordinary
           .
        
         
           5.
           
           (
           Which
           is
           worst
           of
           all
           )
           
             Parliaments
             ,
          
           by
           over-long-duration
           ,
           may
           slip
           into
           danger
           of
           depriving
           the
           people
           of
           the
           proper
           use
           and
           benefit
           of
           Parliaments
           .
           The
           proper
           use
           of
           Parliaments
           is
           to
           be
           a
           
             curb
          
           to
           the
           extravagancy
           of
           Power
           ,
           of
           the
           
             highest
             standing
             Power
             :
          
           But
           if
           they
           themselves
           become
           
             the
             standing
             Power
             ,
          
           how
           can
           they
           be
           a
           fit
           curb
           for
           it
           ?
           A
           
             Parliament
          
           is
           to
           be
           such
           a
           Body
           as
           may
           have
           the
           sense
           of
           the
           people
           upon
           them
           ,
           that
           so
           they
           may
           be
           led
           by
           that
           sense
           to
           ease
           ,
           relieve
           and
           safeguard
           the
           people
           :
           But
           if
           once
           they
           become
           
             Governors
             ,
          
           they
           will
           lose
           that
           sense
           ,
           and
           have
           a
           sense
           of
           a
           different
           nature
           upon
           them
           :
           They
           will
           (
           like
           other
           Governors
           )
           have
           a
           sense
           of
           the
           
             duty
          
           of
           the
           people
           which
           they
           owe
           to
           their
           Governors
           ,
           but
           lose
           (
           by
           degrees
           ,
           still
           more
           and
           more
           )
           their
           sense
           of
           the
           
             burthens
          
           and
           
             grievances
          
           of
           the
           People
           .
           So
           that
           if
           Parliaments
           succeed
           in
           the
           place
           of
           the
           
             supream-administring-power
             ,
          
           there
           will
           be
           as
           much
           need
           of
           somewhat
           else
           to
           stand
           between
           the
           people
           and
           them
           ,
           as
           there
           was
           of
           them
           to
           stand
           between
           the
           people
           and
           
             Kingly
             Power
             :
          
           for
           they
           coming
           into
           that
           place
           and
           Authority
           ,
           the
           people
           are
           in
           as
           much
           danger
           of
           them
           ,
           as
           they
           were
           of
           the
           Power
           of
           Kings
           :
           for
           it
           is
           not
           the
           person
           simply
           ,
           but
           the
           power
           ,
           wherein
           the
           danger
           or
           benefit
           lieth
           .
           And
           this
           doubtless
           is
           the
           
             Right
          
           and
           
             Liberty
          
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           and
           herein
           lieth
           their
           
             Safety
             ,
             viz.
          
           to
           have
           an
           
             extraordinary
             ,
             legislative
             ,
             alterative
             ,
             corrective
             Power
          
           above
           the
           
             ordinary
             standing
             Power
             ;
          
           and
           this
           Power
           ,
           as
           to
           consist
           of
           
             the
             Body
             of
             the
             People
             ,
          
           so
           likewise
           to
           be
           kept
           altogether
           free
           from
           having
           any
           particular
           
             hand
             in
             Government
             ,
          
           (
           but
           to
           keep
           within
           the
           bounds
           of
           their
           own
           extraordinary
           work
           ,
           which
           is
           not
           so
           much
           in
           as
           about
           Government
           ,
           )
           that
           so
           they
           may
           both
           have
           and
           retain
           the
           sense
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           being
           engaged
           by
           their
           state
           and
           condition
           to
           do
           nothing
           which
           may
           prejudice
           the
           people
           ,
           because
           in
           case
           they
           do
           ,
           they
           themselves
           will
           suddenly
           feel
           the
           smart
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           6.
           
           
             The
             last
          
           danger
           ,
           
             which
             I
             shall
             at
             this
             time
             mention
             in
             reference
             to
          
           Parliaments
           ,
           
             is
             this
             .
          
           The
           assuming
           a
           Power
           of
           a
           different
           nature
           from
           them
           ,
           not
           proper
           to
           them
           ;
           and
           intermedling
           with
           a
           work
           which
           they
           are
           not
           fitted
           for
           ,
           entrusted
           with
           ,
           or
           appointed
           to
           .
        
         
           
             Powers
             ,
          
           like
           other
           things
           (
           and
           somewhat
           more
           advantagiously
           
           then
           other
           things
           ,
           having
           stronger
           hands
           )
           are
           still
           gathering
           in
           to
           themselves
           .
           The
           rich
           man
           will
           be
           gathering
           riches
           ,
           the
           wise
           man
           will
           be
           gathering
           wisdom
           ,
           and
           the
           powerful
           man
           will
           be
           gathering
           power
           :
           And
           in
           attracting
           to
           himself
           (
           especially
           where
           he
           is
           the
           
             sole
             Judg
          
           )
           it
           is
           very
           difficult
           for
           him
           to
           be
           
             moderate
          
           or
           
             innocent
             .
          
           He
           who
           hath
           a
           right
           power
           in
           some
           things
           ,
           it
           is
           hard
           for
           him
           to
           keep
           there
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           seek
           after
           and
           lay
           hold
           on
           ,
           if
           he
           can
           ,
           that
           power
           which
           he
           ought
           not
           to
           have
           ,
           and
           in
           those
           other
           kind
           of
           things
           wherein
           he
           ought
           not
           to
           have
           power
           .
           That
           a
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           as
           well
           as
           other
           
             Powers
             ,
          
           is
           subject
           to
           this
           temptation
           ,
           cannot
           be
           denyed
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           dangerous
           every where
           .
           (
           To
           have
           things
           endowed
           with
           a
           different
           ,
           if
           not
           contrary
           nature
           ,
           to
           have
           things
           employed
           about
           a
           different
           ,
           if
           not
           a
           contrary
           work
           to
           neglect
           their
           own
           work
           for
           which
           they
           are
           fit
           ,
           to
           which
           they
           are
           appointed
           ,
           and
           execute
           another
           work
           for
           which
           they
           are
           not
           fit
           ,
           to
           which
           they
           are
           not
           appointed
           ;
           this
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           never
           so
           carefully
           and
           faithfully
           managed
           ,
           must
           needs
           bring
           
             disorder
             ,
             confusion
             ,
          
           nay
           greater
           
             inconveniences
             .
          
           )
           But
           the
           greater
           the
           power
           is
           ,
           the
           greater
           is
           the
           danger
           :
           because
           as
           the
           greatest
           power
           may
           do
           most
           good
           in
           its
           own
           way
           ,
           so
           it
           may
           do
           most
           harm
           in
           a
           wrong
           way
           .
           
             Powers
          
           that
           are
           great
           ,
           bring
           forth
           great
           effects
           either
           of
           
             Peace
          
           or
           
             Trouble
             ,
             Order
          
           or
           
             Confusion
             ,
             Salvation
          
           or
           
             Destruction
             .
          
           No
           remedy
           so
           soveraign
           ,
           so
           restorative
           as
           a
           
             Parliament
          
           rightly
           constituted
           ,
           rightly
           applyed
           ,
           and
           rightly
           acting
           :
           No
           disease
           more
           deadly
           ,
           more
           consuming
           the
           very
           
             heart-life
          
           of
           the
           Rights
           and
           Liberties
           of
           a
           Nation
           ,
           then
           a
           
             Parliament
          
           misconstituted
           ,
           misapplyed
           ,
           misacting
           .
        
         
           But
           every
           one
           here
           will
           be
           ready
           to
           say
           ,
           What
           is
           
             that
             Power
          
           which
           is
           proper
           to
           
             Parliaments
             ?
          
           what
           is
           their
           
             proper
             work
             ?
          
           what
           is
           that
           Power
           of
           a
           different
           nature
           ,
           which
           will
           be
           so
           dangerous
           for
           them
           to
           assume
           ?
           and
           what
           is
           that
           work
           ,
           which
           they
           are
           not
           fitted
           for
           ,
           entrusted
           with
           ,
           or
           appointed
           to
           ?
        
         
           To
           satisfie
           the
           desire
           of
           such
           as
           may
           greedily
           enquire
           after
           this
           ,
           I
           shall
           answer
           somewhat
           ,
           according
           to
           that
           insight
           which
           is
           afforded
           me
           into
           the
           nature
           of
           things
           ,
           shewing
           (
           from
           the
           
             Principles
          
           foregoing
           )
           both
           what
           their
           proper
           
             Power
          
           and
           
             Work
          
           is
           ,
           and
           then
           what
           
             Power
          
           and
           
             Work
          
           is
           improper
           for
           them
           .
           And
           it
           is
           a
           clearer
           and
           
           far
           safer
           way
           ,
           to
           search
           out
           and
           discover
           things
           from
           their
           first
           rise
           in
           Nature
           ,
           then
           from
           succeeding
           
             Principles
          
           or
           
             Practises
             ,
          
           which
           may
           easily
           decline
           awry
           and
           cover
           the
           true
           knowledg
           and
           intent
           of
           things
           .
        
         
           Now
           concerning
           their
           proper
           
             Power
          
           and
           
             Work
             ,
          
           I
           shall
           not
           undertake
           to
           define
           the
           particular
           limits
           of
           it
           ,
           it
           will
           suffice
           to
           my
           purpose
           ,
           to
           express
           the
           general
           nature
           of
           it
           ,
           which
           to
           me
           appeareth
           thus
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           a
           
             NATVRAL
             (
             Humane
          
           or
           
             Civil
             )
             EXTRAORDINARY
             ,
             CONSTITVTIVE
             ,
             CORRECTIVE
             ,
             ALTERATIVE
             POWER
             .
          
           I
           shall
           speak
           chiefly
           of
           their
           
             Power
             ,
          
           which
           will
           of
           it self
           discover
           their
           
             Work
             ,
          
           therefore
           that
           will
           not
           need
           so
           particularly
           to
           be
           opened
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           I
           say
           it
           is
           
             NATVRAL
             :
          
           such
           a
           Power
           as
           is
           sown
           in
           
             man
             ,
          
           in
           the
           
             nature
          
           of
           man
           .
           Man
           hath
           a
           power
           over
           himself
           ,
           to
           dispose
           of
           himself
           ,
           according
           to
           that
           wisdom
           and
           righteousness
           which
           is
           seated
           in
           him
           ,
           grows
           up
           with
           him
           (
           if
           it
           be
           not
           blasted
           or
           kept
           under
           ,
           )
           which
           he
           further
           attains
           to
           ,
           or
           is
           in
           a
           further
           degree
           bestowed
           upon
           him
           .
           Of
           this
           common
           kinde
           is
           this
           ,
           with
           all
           other
           earthly
           Powers
           .
        
         
           But
           this
           expresseth
           onely
           the
           
             kinde
          
           of
           it
           ,
           we
           are
           yet
           far
           from
           the
           
             particular
             nature
             ,
             end
             ,
          
           or
           
             use
          
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           to
           describe
           it
           further
           ,
           I
           term
           it
           
             EXTRAORDINARY
             ,
          
           which
           it
           discovers
           it self
           to
           be
           ,
           being
           a
           thing
           not
           for
           common
           and
           constant
           use
           ,
           but
           for
           extraordinary
           ends
           and
           purposes
           ;
           and
           the
           nature
           of
           things
           must
           be
           suited
           to
           their
           end
           ,
           for
           thither
           it
           is
           to
           direct
           them
           .
        
         
           Then
           more
           particularly
           there
           is
           expressed
           what
           kinde
           of
           extraordinary
           Power
           it
           is
           ,
           namely
           ,
           
             CONSTITVTIVE
             ,
             CORRECTIVE
             ,
             ALTERATIVE
             :
          
           It
           is
           a
           Power
           of
           seting
           up
           or
           establishing
           Laws
           ,
           Governments
           ,
           Governors
           ;
           of
           correcting
           them
           ,
           of
           altering
           them
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           the
           nature
           of
           their
           Power
           ,
           which
           pointeth
           out
           their
           work
           so
           plainly
           ,
           as
           it
           will
           not
           need
           more
           particularly
           to
           be
           specified
           in
           this
           place
           .
        
         
           Now
           by
           this
           there
           are
           two
           sorts
           of
           Power
           cut
           off
           from
           them
           ,
           one
           whole
           kinde
           of
           Power
           ,
           and
           one
           main
           branch
           of
           another
           kinde
           .
        
         
         
           1.
           
           
             Spiritual
             Power
             ,
          
           which
           claimeth
           its
           descent
           from
           
             Christ
             as
             the
             Head
             of
             his
             Church
             ,
          
           and
           is
           appropriated
           by
           its
           nature
           ,
           end
           and
           use
           ,
           unto
           his
           Body
           the
           Church
           ,
           which
           is
           his
           
             City
          
           or
           
             Kingdom
             ,
          
           to
           be
           governed
           by
           him
           ,
           even
           by
           that
           power
           of
           his
           
             Spirit
          
           which
           he
           pleaseth
           to
           exercise
           upon
           them
           ,
           whether
           immediately
           by
           himself
           ,
           or
           mediately
           by
           such
           as
           he
           substituteth
           under
           him
           .
           This
           Power
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           
             spiritual
             ,
          
           so
           it
           is
           fit
           to
           be
           managed
           onely
           by
           
             spiritual
          
           hands
           :
           Not
           by
           
             Men
             ,
          
           but
           by
           
             Christians
             ;
          
           nor
           by
           every
           Christian
           ,
           but
           by
           such
           onely
           as
           can
           clear
           the
           derivacy
           of
           it
           from
           
             Christ
          
           to
           them
           ,
           such
           as
           are
           fitted
           and
           appointed
           by
           him
           to
           be
           under
           him
           in
           his
           own
           seat
           and
           place
           of
           Government
           .
           Nor
           are
           Christians
           to
           exercise
           this
           Government
           over
           other
           men
           ,
           but
           onely
           over
           Christians
           ,
           whom
           alone
           it
           is
           suited
           to
           .
           Nor
           are
           they
           to
           govern
           as
           men
           ;
           by
           outward
           force
           ;
           but
           as
           Christians
           ,
           by
           spiritual
           vertue
           and
           efficacy
           upon
           the
           Conscience
           ,
           the
           seat
           of
           
             Christ
          
           in
           man
           ,
           so
           that
           it
           may
           appear
           that
           not
           they
           ,
           but
           
             the
             Spirit
             of
             Christ
             ,
             the
             Spirit
             in
             Christ
             ,
          
           doth
           rule
           and
           govern
           .
           O
           how
           sweet
           would
           this
           Government
           be
           !
           how
           pleasant
           to
           a
           Christian
           the
           strictest
           execution
           of
           the
           sharpest
           Laws
           in
           it
           !
           
             Christs
             yoke
             is
             easie
             ,
             and
             his
             burthen
             is
             light
             ,
          
           even
           in
           the
           sharpest
           and
           weightiest
           part
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           But
           this
           Power
           belongeth
           not
           to
           any
           
             Nation
          
           or
           People
           under
           Heaven
           ,
           there
           being
           not
           any
           Nation
           or
           People
           which
           can
           evidence
           the
           fair
           and
           clear
           derivacy
           of
           this
           Power
           from
           
             Christ
          
           to
           them
           :
           (
           as
           it
           was
           not
           intended
           for
           any
           Nation
           or
           People
           ,
           save
           onely
           
             his
             own
             Nation
             ,
             his
             own
             People
             .
          
           )
           Therefore
           not
           to
           any
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           who
           are
           but
           the
           People
           in
           a
           representative
           Body
           ,
           in
           a
           Body
           contracted
           into
           a
           narrower
           compass
           for
           the
           use
           and
           service
           of
           the
           People
           ;
           who
           as
           they
           stand
           in
           their
           stead
           ,
           so
           they
           have
           onely
           their
           Power
           .
           The
           People
           being
           the
           stock
           or
           root
           from
           whence
           their
           Power
           and
           Authority
           doth
           spring
           ,
           it
           can
           rise
           no
           higher
           ,
           not
           be
           of
           any
           other
           nature
           ,
           then
           that
           which
           is
           in
           the
           People
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           In
           
             Civil
             Power
             ,
          
           the
           administrative
           or
           governing
           part
           of
           it
           appeareth
           from
           hence
           not
           to
           appertain
           to
           them
           .
        
         
           In
           
             Civil
             Societies
             ,
          
           as
           well
           as
           in
           
             natural
             ,
          
           Nature
           hath
           cut
           out
           the
           proportion
           (
           in
           general
           ,
           though
           not
           in
           particular
           .
           )
           There
           is
           
             the
             Head
          
           and
           
             the
             Members
             ,
          
           having
           each
           their
           several
           innate
           
             Properties
             ,
             Motions
             ,
             Laws
          
           and
           
             Priviledges
             ,
          
           which
           cannot
           be
           transgressed
           without
           violence
           to
           Nature
           ,
           or
           without
           danger
           to
           that
           
           Body
           or
           Society
           which
           breaketh
           the
           bounds
           limited
           by
           Nature
           .
           In
           every
           Society
           which
           is
           orderly
           ,
           there
           is
           the
           Head
           and
           the
           Members
           ,
           part
           to
           govern
           ,
           and
           part
           to
           be
           governed
           ;
           to
           each
           of
           which
           appertain
           their
           particular
           Rights
           :
           to
           the
           one
           such
           as
           they
           may
           be
           advantaged
           for
           and
           in
           government
           by
           ,
           to
           the
           other
           such
           as
           they
           may
           be
           advantaged
           under
           government
           by
           ;
           that
           the
           
             yoke
          
           may
           be
           gently
           ,
           orderly
           ,
           and
           sweetly
           managed
           by
           the
           one
           ,
           and
           sweetly
           born
           by
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           Now
           this
           is
           most
           evident
           ,
           that
           the
           People
           are
           
             the
             Body
             ,
          
           the
           People
           are
           
             to
             be
             governed
             ;
          
           not
           to
           be
           
             the
             Head
             ,
          
           not
           
             to
             govern
             .
          
           The
           
             Legislative
             Power
          
           indeed
           belongs
           to
           them
           ,
           that
           their
           yoke
           might
           be
           the
           more
           easie
           :
           But
           the
           
             Administrative
             Power
          
           doth
           in
           no
           wise
           belong
           to
           them
           ,
           but
           to
           those
           who
           are
           to
           govern
           .
           And
           though
           the
           People
           might
           be
           flattered
           and
           encouraged
           ,
           from
           sense
           of
           the
           misuse
           of
           this
           Power
           ,
           to
           take
           it
           into
           their
           own
           hands
           ,
           yet
           it
           can
           never
           thrive
           there
           :
           and
           though
           they
           should
           set
           themselves
           to
           rest
           content
           ,
           nay
           to
           please
           themselves
           with
           it
           ;
           yet
           you
           must
           needs
           grow
           weary
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           very
           quickly
           ,
           the
           inconveniences
           will
           multiply
           so
           fast
           ,
           and
           grow
           so
           unavoydable
           .
        
         
           
             Parliaments
          
           are
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           chosen
           by
           the
           People
           to
           stand
           for
           them
           ,
           to
           represent
           them
           ,
           to
           act
           in
           their
           stead
           :
           Answerably
           ,
           They
           have
           that
           Power
           which
           is
           proper
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           the
           
             Legislative
             ,
          
           the
           
             Supremely-Judicative
             ;
          
           but
           not
           that
           Power
           which
           belongs
           not
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           the
           
             Administrative
             .
          
        
         
           In
           like
           maner
           this
           discovers
           a
           double
           kinde
           of
           work
           improper
           for
           them
           .
        
         
           The
           one
           is
           ,
           
             medling
             with
             spiritual
             affairs
             .
          
           The
           
             constituting
          
           of
           these
           ,
           the
           
             amending
          
           of
           these
           ,
           the
           
             altering
          
           of
           these
           is
           onely
           proper
           to
           such
           as
           are
           invested
           with
           
             spiritual
             Power
             and
             Authority
             .
          
           The
           
             Laws
          
           of
           
             Christ
          
           were
           never
           appointed
           to
           be
           set
           up
           by
           the
           Power
           of
           man
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           
             Power
             of
             his
             Spirit
          
           in
           the
           
             Conscience
             .
          
           It
           is
           accounted
           profane
           ,
           and
           much
           startled
           at
           ,
           to
           touch
           that
           which
           man
           hath
           
             made
             holy
             ,
          
           which
           man
           hath
           
             separated
          
           and
           consecrated
           to
           
             divine
             use
             ;
          
           and
           yet
           how
           propense
           are
           ,
           almost
           all
           persons
           ,
           to
           be
           laying
           hands
           on
           that
           ,
           
             which
             God
             hath
             made
             holy
             and
             set
             a
             part
          
           for
           himself
           !
           How
           sad
           an
           effect
           we
           have
           seen
           and
           felt
           from
           undertakings
           in
           this
           kinde
           ,
           cannot
           but
           be
           fresh
           in
           our
           memories
           ;
           what
           a
           sad
           
             breach
          
           and
           
             disunion
          
           it
           hath
           occasioned
           throughout
           the
           whole
           
           
             Nation
             ,
          
           and
           particularly
           in
           the
           
             Parliament
             .
          
           Nor
           can
           I
           conceive
           readily
           ,
           how
           it
           could
           be
           otherwise
           ;
           The
           closest
           bond
           of
           union
           mistaken
           and
           misapplyed
           must
           needs
           become
           the
           greatest
           instrument
           of
           division
           (
           to
           let
           pass
           Gods
           interest
           to
           blast
           men
           ,
           when
           they
           will
           be
           venturing
           upon
           that
           work
           which
           he
           hath
           not
           appointed
           them
           unto
           ,
           but
           reserved
           for
           himself
           .
           )
           The
           wound
           thus
           made
           may
           prove
           incurable
           .
           Men
           differing
           in
           their
           judgments
           ,
           and
           consequently
           in
           their
           desires
           ;
           differing
           in
           the
           apprehension
           of
           their
           duties
           ;
           their
           motions
           and
           endevors
           must
           needs
           run
           cross
           and
           become
           irreconcilable
           ,
           while
           the
           foundation
           of
           this
           difference
           remains
           .
           While
           a
           man
           is
           strongly
           perswaded
           ,
           that
           this
           or
           this
           is
           the
           way
           and
           Will
           of
           God
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           his
           duty
           to
           use
           the
           utmost
           of
           his
           abilities
           ,
           opportunies
           and
           advantages
           for
           the
           promoting
           of
           it
           ,
           that
           this
           is
           the
           main
           end
           for
           which
           power
           is
           put
           into
           his
           hands
           ,
           the
           chief
           thing
           God
           expects
           from
           him
           ,
           and
           will
           call
           him
           to
           a
           very
           strict
           account
           about
           the
           improving
           of
           all
           his
           power
           and
           interest
           unto
           the
           advancing
           of
           this
           ;
           I
           say
           while
           things
           stand
           thus
           ,
           how
           can
           he
           with
           the
           quiet
           of
           his
           Conscience
           neglect
           acting
           accordingly
           ?
           The
           
             Presbyterian
          
           is
           now
           engaged
           indissolubly
           ,
           to
           use
           his
           utmost
           strength
           and
           endevor
           towards
           the
           advancing
           of
           
             Presbytery
             ,
          
           which
           is
           Gods
           instituted
           way
           of
           Worship
           in
           his
           eye
           ;
           and
           so
           the
           
             Independent
          
           of
           
             Independency
             ,
          
           which
           is
           Christ
           Institution
           in
           his
           eye
           .
           Now
           having
           tasted
           so
           much
           of
           this
           ,
           and
           smarted
           so
           much
           by
           this
           ,
           men
           should
           be
           very
           wary
           of
           intermedling
           in
           things
           of
           this
           nature
           ,
           further
           then
           their
           ground
           is
           clear
           .
        
         
           The
           other
           is
           ,
           
             The
             taking
             upon
             them
             the
             Administration
             of
             Government
             ,
             or
             intermixing
             with
             the
             administration
             of
             Government
             .
          
           This
           is
           the
           most
           pernicious
           thing
           to
           a
           
             Parliament
          
           that
           can
           be
           ,
           for
           it
           both
           diverteth
           them
           from
           their
           own
           work
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           their
           own
           way
           ,
           into
           one
           of
           another
           nature
           ;
           and
           so
           thrusteth
           them
           into
           a
           necessity
           of
           doing
           disservice
           ,
           and
           into
           an
           incapacity
           of
           doing
           service
           .
           This
           may
           make
           useless
           ,
           nay
           may
           make
           burthensom
           ,
           the
           best
           constituted
           
             Parliament
             .
          
           Suppose
           a
           
             Parliament
          
           of
           never
           such
           entirehearted-honest-men
           ,
           most
           studiously
           bent
           and
           applying
           themselves
           to
           publique
           service
           ;
           yet
           if
           they
           be
           over-full
           of
           another
           kind
           of
           business
           then
           their
           own
           ,
           or
           intermix
           another
           kinde
           of
           business
           with
           their
           own
           ,
           they
           can
           neither
           well
           dispatch
           that
           other
           kinde
           of
           business
           which
           they
           are
           so
           over-full
           of
           ,
           or
           which
           they
           so
           intermix
           ;
           nor
           
           ther
           own
           neither
           .
           And
           it
           is
           the
           ready
           way
           to
           turn
           the
           hearts
           of
           the
           People
           from
           
             Parliaments
             :
          
           for
           finding
           things
           go
           so
           grievously
           amiss
           (
           as
           by
           this
           means
           they
           needs
           must
           ,
           )
           and
           in
           the
           hands
           too
           of
           such
           men
           ,
           as
           they
           can
           hardly
           hope
           for
           better
           ,
           they
           will
           begin
           to
           look
           on
           a
           
             Parliament
          
           no
           longer
           as
           a
           
             remedy
             ,
          
           but
           as
           a
           worse
           
             disease
             ,
          
           then
           that
           which
           they
           addressed
           themselves
           to
           it
           for
           cure
           of
           .
           O
           consider
           your
           snare
           ,
           ye
           who
           are
           in
           danger
           of
           it
           !
           How
           prone
           was
           the
           
             Administrative
          
           Power
           to
           intrench
           upon
           the
           bounds
           of
           the
           
             Legislative
             ,
          
           and
           how
           afflictive
           did
           it
           become
           thereby
           !
           Is
           not
           the
           
             Legislative
          
           Power
           as
           prone
           to
           intrench
           upon
           the
           
             Administrative
             ?
          
           and
           in
           so
           doing
           ,
           is
           it
           not
           likely
           to
           prove
           as
           afflictive
           ?
        
         
           Look
           into
           
             Nature
             ,
          
           See
           if
           ever
           this
           kinde
           of
           Body
           was
           cut
           out
           ,
           fitted
           or
           appointed
           by
           it
           to
           govern
           .
           It
           hath
           not
           a
           fit
           form
           or
           shape
           for
           it
           ;
           it
           is
           unweildy
           for
           such
           a
           kinde
           of
           motion
           .
        
         
           Again
           ,
           Look
           into
           
             the
             tenor
             of
             your
             Call
             and
             Trust
             :
          
           Were
           ye
           ever
           entrusted
           herewith
           by
           the
           People
           ?
           Is
           it
           ,
           or
           ever
           was
           it
           ,
           the
           minde
           of
           the
           People
           ?
           Did
           they
           chuse
           you
           for
           this
           end
           ?
           Have
           ye
           a
           
             Commission
          
           from
           them
           ,
           I
           mean
           not
           formally
           ,
           but
           so
           much
           as
           vertually
           ,
           intentionally
           ?
           They
           called
           you
           to
           rectifie
           Government
           ,
           that
           is
           clear
           enough
           ;
           but
           did
           they
           call
           you
           to
           govern
           ?
           O
           remember
           ,
           remember
           ,
           when
           any
           such
           motions
           arise
           in
           you
           ,
           when
           any
           such
           temptations
           beset
           you
           ;
           Ye
           are
           not
           fitted
           to
           it
           by
           Nature
           :
           your
           motion
           is
           slow
           ,
           but
           the
           work
           and
           way
           of
           Government
           requires
           speed
           and
           swiftness
           ;
           And
           if
           ye
           should
           from
           a
           desire
           ,
           from
           an
           apprehension
           of
           advantage
           ,
           from
           sense
           of
           present
           need
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           never
           so
           good
           an
           intent
           ,
           alter
           your
           own
           slow
           pace
           and
           strive
           to
           act
           swiftly
           ;
           it
           will
           quickly
           appear
           how
           uncomely
           it
           is
           in
           you
           ,
           and
           how
           unsafe
           for
           the
           People
           .
           Remember
           also
           ,
           that
           ye
           are
           not
           called
           to
           it
           by
           the
           People
           :
           and
           if
           ye
           will
           yet
           be
           venturing
           upon
           it
           ,
           doubtless
           ye
           will
           run
           the
           hazard
           of
           ruining
           both
           your selves
           and
           the
           People
           .
        
         
           These
           are
           some
           of
           the
           
             dangers
          
           which
           
             Parliaments
          
           (
           and
           through
           them
           the
           People
           )
           are
           obnoxious
           to
           .
           How
           far
           
             this
             present
             Parliament
          
           hath
           been
           overtaken
           with
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           or
           how
           far
           the
           People
           hath
           suffered
           thereby
           ,
           I
           shall
           not
           take
           upon
           me
           to
           determine
           .
           Only
           thus
           much
           I
           cannot
           but
           express
           ,
           That
           
             the
             present
             state
             of
             affairs
          
           is
           (
           to
           my
           eye
           )
           much
           
             entangled
             ,
          
           and
           that
           
             the
             true
             foundations
             of
             Right
             and
             Freedom
          
           (
           so
           far
           as
           I
           can
           discern
           )
           are
           not
           yet
           layd
           ;
           and
           I
           could
           
           earnestly
           desire
           and
           much
           entreat
           those
           in
           whose
           power
           it
           is
           ,
           to
           do
           
             the
             main
             work
             ,
          
           and
           to
           do
           it
           throughly
           :
           To
           let
           fall
           all
           desire
           of
           
             Power
             or
             Supremacy
          
           (
           whose
           sweetness
           will
           be
           tempting
           the
           best
           )
           to
           strike
           at
           the
           root
           of
           all
           
             particular
             Interests
          
           which
           stand
           in
           the
           way
           of
           
             publique
             good
             ,
          
           and
           to
           set
           upon
           such
           ways
           of
           publique
           good
           ,
           so
           evidently
           and
           directly
           tending
           thereto
           ,
           as
           might
           be
           forcible
           to
           convince
           very
           
             enemies
          
           to
           them
           by
           their
           clearness
           in
           reason
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           sweet
           benefit
           which
           they
           should
           not
           be
           able
           to
           avoyd
           tasting
           and
           reaping
           from
           them
           .
           Having
           such
           advantage
           of
           Power
           in
           their
           hands
           ,
           what
           is
           it
           which
           might
           not
           be
           done
           for
           publique
           good
           ,
           if
           men
           had
           hearts
           ,
           and
           were
           in
           a
           right
           way
           ?
        
         
           It
           is
           commonly
           said
           ,
           that
           
             a
             stander
             by
             may
             see
             more
             then
             a
             gamester
             :
          
           which
           if
           it
           be
           true
           ,
           I
           may
           assume
           unto
           my self
           some
           freedom
           of
           speech
           more
           then
           ordinary
           ,
           my
           condition
           interessing
           me
           in
           it
           .
           For
           I
           have
           been
           long
           taken
           off
           from
           being
           an
           
             Actor
          
           in
           any
           kinde
           ,
           to
           become
           only
           a
           
             Spectator
             ;
          
           yea
           and
           I
           think
           I
           may
           say
           safely
           ,
           not
           an
           engaged
           but
           a
           free
           Spectator
           .
           I
           have
           not
           been
           interessed
           in
           the
           designs
           of
           any
           party
           whatsoever
           ,
           nor
           so
           much
           as
           in
           desire
           to
           have
           any
           party
           thrive
           ,
           further
           then
           they
           have
           been
           guided
           by
           
             Principles
          
           of
           
             Reason
          
           and
           
             Righteousness
          
           unto
           common
           good
           .
           There
           is
           not
           one
           sort
           of
           men
           upon
           the
           face
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           to
           whom
           I
           bear
           any
           enmity
           in
           my
           spirit
           (
           though
           in
           some
           respect
           I
           must
           confess
           my self
           an
           enemy
           to
           every
           sort
           of
           men
           )
           but
           wish
           ,
           with
           all
           my
           heart
           ,
           they
           might
           all
           attain
           and
           enjoy
           as
           much
           
             Peace
             ,
             Prosperity
             ,
          
           and
           
             Happiness
             ,
          
           as
           their
           state
           and
           condition
           will
           bear
           .
           There
           are
           not
           any
           to
           whom
           I
           should
           envy
           
             Government
             ,
          
           but
           ,
           who
           ever
           they
           are
           ,
           they
           should
           have
           my
           vote
           on
           their
           behalf
           ,
           whom
           I
           saw
           fitted
           for
           it
           and
           called
           to
           it
           .
           Indeed
           I
           am
           offended
           ,
           very
           much
           offended
           with
           most
           persons
           and
           things
           ,
           and
           I
           have
           a
           deep
           Charge
           against
           them
           ,
           which
           at
           present
           I
           keep
           secret
           ,
           not
           intending
           to
           bring
           it
           forth
           till
           I
           come
           upon
           that
           stage
           where
           I
           may
           have
           fair
           play
           .
           Yet
           thus
           much
           I
           will
           say
           ,
           which
           toucheth
           a
           little
           upon
           it
           .
           I
           am
           offended
           both
           with
           
             Light
          
           and
           
             Darkness
             ,
          
           or
           rather
           with
           that
           which
           pretends
           to
           be
           Light
           ,
           and
           that
           which
           is
           acknowledged
           to
           be
           Darkness
           .
           
             I
             am
             offended
             with
             that
             which
             pretends
             to
             be
             Light
             ,
          
           because
           it
           doth
           not
           more
           fairly
           overcome
           Darkness
           ;
           but
           while
           it
           blames
           it
           for
           its
           dark
           paths
           of
           
             Tyranny
             ,
             Cruelty
          
           and
           
             Oppression
             ,
          
           it self
           seeks
           (
           not
           by
           the
           pure
           vertue
           and
           power
           of
           Light
           ,
           but
           )
           by
           the
           same
           weapons
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           of
           
           
             dark
             violence
          
           to
           conquer
           it
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           ever
           prevail
           this
           way
           to
           do
           it
           effectually
           ,
           I
           shall
           be
           much
           mistaken
           .
           
             I
             am
          
           also
           
             offended
             with
             Darkness
             ;
          
           because
           it
           is
           not
           
             true
          
           to
           it self
           ,
           not
           
             just
          
           to
           it self
           ,
           not
           
             at
             peace
          
           with
           it self
           ,
           nor
           keeps
           within
           the
           
             sphere
          
           of
           its
           own
           
             dark
             Principles
          
           (
           even
           those
           which
           it
           doth
           acknowledg
           )
           in
           its
           own
           motions
           ,
           or
           in
           its
           opposing
           either
           Light
           or
           Darkness
           
             Christians
          
           dishonour
           themselves
           and
           their
           Principles
           ;
           They
           speak
           indeed
           of
           
             the
             Light
             of
             God
             ,
          
           of
           
             the
             Life
             of
             God
             ,
          
           of
           
             the
             Power
             of
             God
             ,
          
           of
           
             the
             great
             Name
             of
             God
             ,
          
           but
           are
           fallen
           short
           of
           the
           true
           
             vertue
          
           and
           
             glory
          
           of
           all
           these
           ,
           both
           in
           
             Religion
             ,
          
           and
           in
           their
           
             course
          
           in
           the
           World
           .
           
             Men
          
           dishonor
           themselves
           and
           their
           Principles
           ,
           falling
           short
           of
           that
           
             common
             love
             ,
             good
             will
          
           and
           
             righteousness
          
           which
           very
           Nature
           would
           teach
           them
           to
           observe
           ,
           notwithstanding
           its
           depravation
           ,
           were
           their
           ears
           open
           .
           But
           I
           delight
           neither
           to
           complain
           nor
           accuse
           ,
           onely
           I
           cannot
           but
           wish
           that
           all
           cause
           and
           occasion
           of
           complaint
           and
           accusation
           were
           taken
           away
           from
           him
           who
           doth
           delight
           in
           either
           .
           All
           the
           liberty
           I
           shall
           now
           make
           use
           of
           ,
           is
           onely
           freely
           to
           express
           what
           I
           conceive
           necessary
           ,
           in
           the
           present
           confused
           state
           of
           things
           ,
           to
           reduce
           them
           into
           some
           certain
           safe
           and
           well-grounded
           order
           ,
           according
           to
           plain
           Principles
           of
           Reason
           and
           Righteousness
           ,
           without
           aiming
           either
           at
           the
           throwing
           down
           or
           setting
           up
           of
           any
           person
           or
           thing
           :
           Which
           ,
           what
           interpretation
           soever
           of
           weakness
           ,
           folly
           or
           disaffection
           may
           be
           put
           upon
           it
           ,
           I
           finde
           not
           my self
           very
           prone
           to
           value
           .
           This
           
             temper
          
           hath
           long
           attended
           my
           spirit
           ,
           not
           much
           to
           regard
           ,
           what
           account
           either
           I
           my self
           or
           any
           else
           put
           upon
           things
           ,
           but
           rather
           to
           expect
           what
           things
           will
           then
           appear
           to
           be
           ,
           when
           they
           shal
           be
           made
           manifest
           by
           
             that
             Light
             ,
          
           which
           doth
           discover
           them
           as
           they
           are
           ,
           and
           will
           pass
           such
           a
           
             judgment
          
           upon
           them
           as
           they
           deserve
           ,
           and
           shall
           not
           be
           able
           to
           gainsay
           or
           avoyd
           .
        
         
           It
           is
           a
           kinde
           office
           and
           a
           commendable
           peece
           of
           service
           to
           help
           out
           of
           the
           mire
           ,
           or
           to
           offer
           so
           to
           do
           ,
           yet
           can
           hardly
           be
           so
           esteemed
           by
           him
           who
           observeth
           not
           himself
           to
           be
           in
           the
           mire
           ,
           and
           consequently
           hath
           no
           sense
           of
           any
           need
           of
           help
           :
           He
           will
           rather
           entertain
           it
           with
           disdain
           then
           acceptation
           ,
           it
           implying
           him
           to
           be
           in
           such
           a
           condition
           as
           he
           is
           unwilling
           to
           own
           or
           acknowledg
           .
           But
           how
           ever
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           on
           the
           one
           hand
           expressed
           my
           sence
           (
           though
           very
           sparingly
           )
           of
           our
           present
           
             entangled
             condition
             ,
          
           wherein
           we
           finde
           
           our selves
           at
           a
           loss
           in
           our
           very
           
             remedy
             :
          
           so
           I
           shall
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           offer
           what
           help
           my
           Reason
           and
           Judgment
           presents
           to
           me
           as
           proper
           and
           necessary
           to
           dis-involve
           us
           and
           bring
           us
           into
           a
           right
           course
           .
        
         
           To
           come
           then
           to
           what
           I
           drive
           at
           ,
           first
           I
           shall
           speak
           a
           word
           in
           general
           towards
           setling
           ,
           and
           then
           propound
           more
           particularly
           ,
           what
           things
           are
           needful
           (
           considering
           our
           present
           state
           )
           towards
           the
           setling
           of
           affairs
           in
           order
           ,
           justice
           and
           safety
           ,
           both
           to
           dis-engage
           us
           from
           fundamental
           miscarriages
           and
           dangers
           (
           which
           it
           is
           very
           easie
           to
           slip
           into
           ,
           and
           very
           hard
           to
           wade
           out
           of
           ,
           especially
           after
           our
           so
           long
           treading
           in
           such
           an
           unusual
           track
           ,
           as
           of
           late
           we
           have
           been
           much
           driven
           into
           )
           and
           to
           set
           us
           straight
           .
        
         
           Towards
           setling
           in
           general
           I
           should
           say
           three
           things
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           That
           we
           should
           look
           well
           to
           our
           setling
           ,
           look
           well
           how
           we
           settle
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           That
           we
           should
           be
           careful
           of
           avoyding
           
             Arbitrariness
          
           of
           
             Government
          
           in
           our
           setling
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           That
           we
           should
           have
           regard
           to
           the
           
             Rights
             of
             the
             People
             ,
          
           and
           especially
           to
           their
           
             rectifying
             Right
             ,
          
           that
           it
           have
           its
           free
           current
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           
             We
             should
             look
             well
             to
             our
             setling
             .
          
           Shakings
           generally
           tend
           to
           setling
           ;
           and
           setlings
           frequently
           make
           way
           for
           future
           shakings
           .
           Shakings
           are
           sudden
           and
           violent
           most
           commonly
           ,
           not
           flowing
           so
           much
           from
           deliberation
           as
           from
           force
           :
           but
           setlings
           require
           great
           wariness
           and
           circumspection
           ,
           lest
           that
           
             corruption
          
           which
           caused
           our
           disturbance
           (
           and
           should
           be
           shaken
           out
           )
           put
           on
           
             a
             new
             guise
             ,
          
           and
           settle
           again
           on
           our
           
             new
             foundation
             ;
          
           whereby
           there
           are
           not
           onely
           new
           seed
           plots
           strown
           of
           fresh
           ensuing
           miseries
           ,
           but
           also
           preparation
           made
           for
           a
           new
           
             Earthquake
             .
          
           Therefore
           it
           behoveth
           us
           to
           look
           well
           about
           us
           ,
           and
           to
           settle
           warily
           ,
           that
           we
           may
           settle
           surely
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           
             We
             should
             be
             careful
             to
             avoyd
             Arbitrariness
             of
             Government
             in
             our
             setling
             .
          
           If
           
             Arbitrariness
          
           of
           Power
           ,
           and
           a
           
             Government
          
           by
           
             Will
             ,
          
           not
           
             Law
             ,
          
           was
           our
           burthen
           ,
           and
           that
           which
           we
           so
           strongly
           desired
           and
           endevored
           to
           throw
           off
           from
           our
           backs
           :
           then
           surely
           they
           to
           whom
           it
           appertaineth
           ,
           and
           who
           have
           engaged
           themselves
           to
           free
           us
           from
           it
           ,
           ought
           to
           be
           exceeding
           careful
           and
           watchful
           against
           involving
           us
           again
           in
           it
           .
           If
           it
           hath
           already
           miscarryed
           in
           one
           
           hand
           ,
           it
           may
           also
           do
           in
           another
           :
           However
           ,
           in
           reason
           we
           are
           not
           to
           be
           tyed
           to
           run
           the
           venture
           .
           It
           is
           not
           the
           change
           of
           the
           hand
           ,
           but
           the
           change
           of
           the
           Rule
           ,
           which
           we
           expect
           as
           our
           
             foundation
          
           of
           Safety
           .
           He
           that
           doth
           us
           good
           in
           an
           arbitrary
           way
           ,
           and
           by
           an
           arbitrary
           power
           to
           day
           ,
           may
           by
           the
           same
           way
           and
           power
           do
           us
           harm
           to
           morrow
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           
             In
             our
             setling
             regard
             should
             be
             had
             to
             the
             Rights
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             especially
             to
             their
             rectifying
             Right
             ,
             that
             it
             have
             its
             free
             current
             .
          
           The
           
             Rights
          
           of
           the
           People
           were
           the
           main
           thing
           presented
           to
           view
           in
           this
           great
           conflict
           ,
           and
           therefore
           in
           equity
           should
           be
           mainly
           prosecuted
           ▪
           and
           most
           principally
           those
           which
           are
           their
           most
           needful
           and
           useful
           
             Rights
             .
          
           Our
           
             Laws
          
           are
           our
           Rights
           ,
           and
           we
           should
           be
           loth
           to
           be
           deprived
           of
           any
           of
           them
           (
           whose
           reason
           was
           both
           good
           at
           first
           ,
           and
           remaineth
           still
           in
           force
           :
           )
           But
           there
           are
           some
           Rights
           and
           Liberties
           which
           are
           the
           
             root
          
           and
           
             foundation
          
           of
           our
           Laws
           ,
           and
           our
           
             ultimate
             Refuge
          
           for
           succour
           and
           safety
           ;
           and
           therefore
           much
           nearer
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           more
           essential
           to
           our
           happiness
           ,
           then
           others
           are
           .
           These
           are
           especially
           to
           be
           regarded
           .
           And
           this
           so
           much
           the
           rather
           ,
           because
           the
           people
           are
           so
           fit
           a
           Body
           to
           be
           subjected
           and
           trampled
           upon
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           very
           hard
           for
           those
           which
           are
           great
           in
           power
           ,
           to
           keep
           their
           feet
           from
           off
           their
           necks
           .
           Alas
           ,
           the
           people
           have
           no
           way
           to
           avoyd
           danger
           but
           by
           running
           upon
           the
           
             Rocks
             ;
          
           they
           have
           no
           way
           to
           shun
           ruine
           ,
           but
           by
           hasting
           into
           ruine
           .
           Those
           they
           chuse
           to
           govern
           them
           gently
           ,
           to
           defend
           them
           ,
           may
           fit
           hard
           upon
           their
           backs
           ,
           yea
           themselves
           may
           make
           a
           prize
           of
           them
           :
           And
           if
           they
           can
           in
           length
           of
           time
           ,
           through
           many
           difficulties
           ,
           obtain
           and
           appoint
           Trustees
           to
           rectifie
           these
           miscarriages
           ,
           yet
           how
           many
           temptations
           they
           have
           to
           mismanage
           it
           ,
           they
           think
           not
           of
           ,
           and
           how
           they
           will
           manage
           it
           ,
           they
           know
           not
           .
           
             Experience
          
           doth
           still
           shew
           how
           difficult
           it
           is
           throughly
           to
           mind
           the
           good
           of
           the
           people
           .
           One
           half
           of
           the
           work
           is
           sometimes
           done
           (
           sometimes
           very
           often
           )
           
             viz.
             the
             crushing
             of
             Oppressors
             :
          
           but
           the
           other
           half
           ,
           
             viz.
             the
             breaking
             the
             yoke
             of
             oppression
             ,
          
           is
           very
           rare
           and
           hard
           even
           for
           them
           to
           do
           who
           have
           prevailed
           to
           shake
           the
           Oppressors
           out
           of
           their
           seats
           .
        
         
           Thus
           much
           in
           general
           .
           Now
           more
           particularly
           ,
           there
           are
           four
           things
           appear
           to
           me
           as
           necessary
           ,
           unto
           a
           fair
           and
           firm
           setling
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           
             A
             clear
             distinction
             between
             the
             administrative
             or
             executive
             Power
             ,
             and
             the
             legislative
             or
             judicative
             :
          
           that
           as
           they
           have
           in
           
           themselves
           ,
           so
           they
           may
           retain
           in
           their
           course
           ,
           their
           clear
           and
           distinct
           natures
           ,
           the
           one
           not
           intermixing
           or
           intermedling
           with
           the
           other
           :
           That
           the
           
             administrative
          
           may
           not
           intermingle
           it self
           ,
           or
           meddle
           with
           the
           
             legislative
             ,
          
           but
           leave
           it
           to
           its
           own
           free
           course
           ;
           nor
           the
           
             legislative
          
           with
           the
           
             administrative
          
           by
           any
           extemporary
           precepts
           ,
           directions
           or
           injunctions
           ,
           but
           only
           by
           set
           and
           known
           Laws
           .
           Things
           which
           are
           severed
           in
           their
           nature
           must
           likewise
           be
           severed
           in
           their
           use
           and
           application
           ,
           or
           else
           we
           cannot
           but
           fail
           of
           reaping
           those
           fruits
           and
           effects
           which
           we
           desire
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           which
           otherwise
           they
           might
           bear
           ,
           and
           we
           enjoy
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           
             A
             prescription
             of
             clear
             and
             distinct
             Rules
             and
             Bounds
             to
             each
             .
          
           That
           the
           
             Trust
             ,
             Power
             ,
             Priviledges
          
           and
           
             Duty
          
           of
           each
           ,
           which
           flow
           from
           the
           common
           light
           of
           man
           ,
           and
           are
           intended
           for
           the
           common
           good
           of
           man
           ,
           may
           be
           made
           evident
           to
           that
           common
           light
           ;
           that
           the
           people
           may
           know
           hereby
           what
           they
           are
           to
           expect
           from
           each
           ,
           what
           they
           are
           to
           expect
           from
           the
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           what
           they
           are
           to
           expect
           from
           their
           
             supream
             Governor
          
           or
           Governors
           ,
           and
           so
           may
           be
           understandingly
           sensible
           of
           good
           or
           ill
           usage
           .
           There
           is
           nothing
           (
           among
           that
           nature
           of
           things
           we
           now
           treat
           of
           )
           of
           it self
           unlimited
           :
           and
           the
           more
           clearly
           the
           limits
           of
           any
           thing
           are
           set
           and
           known
           ,
           the
           greater
           advantage
           hath
           it
           both
           to
           move
           safely
           ,
           and
           to
           vindicate
           the
           integrity
           and
           righteousness
           of
           its
           motions
           .
           If
           the
           limits
           of
           Power
           be
           not
           described
           and
           made
           known
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           left
           too
           loose
           in
           its
           actings
           ,
           and
           the
           people
           also
           will
           be
           left
           too
           loose
           in
           the
           interpretation
           of
           its
           actings
           (
           neither
           of
           them
           being
           groundedly
           able
           to
           justifie
           themselves
           in
           either
           unto
           the
           other
           )
           neither
           of
           which
           is
           safe
           .
           If
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           hath
           one
           apprehension
           of
           its
           limits
           ,
           and
           the
           people
           another
           ,
           they
           can
           neither
           be
           satisfied
           in
           the
           other
           ;
           but
           the
           people
           must
           needs
           disrelish
           the
           actions
           of
           the
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           cannot
           but
           think
           themselves
           injuried
           by
           the
           people
           ,
           which
           may
           occasion
           the
           laying
           of
           a
           dangerous
           foundation
           of
           discontent
           and
           division
           between
           them
           .
           Yea
           hereby
           the
           Parliaments
           best
           friends
           may
           be
           forced
           to
           become
           its
           enemies
           ,
           and
           it
           may
           be
           forced
           to
           deal
           most
           sharply
           with
           its
           best
           friends
           ,
           and
           so
           weaken
           its
           best
           strength
           ,
           and
           the
           best
           strength
           of
           the
           
             Nation
             .
          
           Those
           that
           are
           friends
           to
           
             things
          
           are
           not
           friends
           to
           
             persons
             ,
          
           any
           further
           then
           they
           are
           subservient
           to
           
             things
             .
          
           It
           is
           as
           hateful
           to
           
             true-bred-spirits
          
           to
           idolize
           the
           name
           of
           a
           
             Parliament
          
           any
           more
           then
           of
           a
           
             King
             :
          
           it
           is
           
             righteousness
             ,
          
           
           rightly
           administred
           in
           its
           own
           
             proper
             way
          
           and
           
             channel
             ,
          
           by
           persons
           in
           place
           and
           power
           ,
           which
           alone
           can
           make
           them
           lovely
           to
           such
           as
           love
           not
           
             men
             ,
          
           but
           
             righteousness
             .
          
           It
           was
           the
           error
           of
           the
           foregoing
           governing
           Power
           to
           esteem
           it self
           more
           at
           liberty
           ,
           then
           in
           right
           it
           was
           ;
           it
           may
           also
           be
           the
           error
           of
           the
           present
           legislative
           power
           ,
           yea
           their
           condition
           exposeth
           them
           more
           unto
           it
           (
           their
           Liberty
           being
           larger
           ,
           or
           of
           a
           larger
           kind
           ;
           )
           and
           therefore
           they
           ought
           the
           more
           abundantly
           to
           beware
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           apply
           themselves
           to
           produce
           ,
           or
           cause
           to
           be
           produced
           ,
           a
           true
           and
           fair
           discovery
           of
           those
           bounds
           and
           limits
           wherein
           they
           are
           (
           by
           the
           nature
           of
           things
           )
           circumscribed
           :
           for
           if
           they
           do
           not
           know
           them
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           impossible
           for
           them
           to
           keep
           within
           them
           ;
           and
           if
           the
           people
           do
           not
           know
           them
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           difficult
           (
           in
           many
           considerable
           cases
           )
           to
           them
           to
           believe
           that
           they
           do
           keep
           within
           them
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           
             An
             unquestionably
             free
             and
             equal
             Parliament
             .
          
           It
           is
           not
           every
           
             cause
          
           which
           will
           produce
           a
           true
           and
           genuine
           
             effect
             ,
          
           but
           the
           cause
           must
           be
           rightly
           tempered
           to
           bring
           forth
           kindly
           fruit
           .
           It
           is
           not
           every
           
             Parliament
          
           which
           can
           heal
           or
           settle
           a
           
             Nation
             ,
          
           or
           that
           the
           people
           have
           just
           cause
           to
           rest
           satisfied
           in
           ;
           but
           a
           
             Parliament
          
           fairly
           chosen
           ,
           equally
           representing
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           freely
           acting
           for
           the
           people
           .
        
         
           Now
           every
           man
           knoweth
           
             force
          
           to
           be
           opposite
           to
           
             freedom
             .
          
           That
           which
           is
           
             free
          
           is
           not
           
             forced
             ,
          
           and
           that
           which
           is
           
             forced
          
           is
           not
           
             free
             .
          
        
         
           This
           
             Parliament
          
           hath
           ,
           visibly
           to
           every
           common
           eye
           ,
           been
           more
           then
           once
           forced
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           not
           very
           easie
           after
           violence
           to
           break
           forth
           again
           into
           perfect
           liberty
           :
           the
           sense
           and
           remembrance
           of
           the
           former
           force
           ,
           together
           with
           an
           inward
           fear
           of
           the
           like
           again
           (
           if
           the
           like
           occasion
           shall
           happen
           )
           may
           be
           a
           secret
           ,
           though
           not
           so
           apparant
           a
           
             bond
          
           upon
           their
           spirits
           ,
           which
           may
           in
           some
           particulars
           incline
           them
           both
           to
           do
           what
           they
           would
           not
           ,
           and
           to
           neglect
           the
           doing
           of
           what
           they
           would
           .
        
         
           Besides
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           considered
           how
           far
           that
           
             visible
             force
             ,
          
           which
           caused
           so
           great
           an
           
             alteration
          
           in
           the
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           and
           such
           a
           change
           in
           affairs
           ,
           did
           intrench
           upon
           the
           
             freedom
          
           of
           
             Parliament
             .
          
           For
           though
           every
           
             detention
          
           of
           some
           or
           many
           Members
           may
           not
           disanul
           the
           freedom
           of
           a
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           yet
           some
           kind
           of
           detention
           ,
           so
           and
           so
           qualified
           ,
           necessarily
           doth
           .
           An
           
             occasional
          
           or
           
             accidental
             detention
          
           is
           
           not
           of
           so
           great
           force
           as
           an
           
             intentional
             :
          
           yet
           if
           such
           an
           accidental
           detention
           of
           some
           of
           the
           Members
           should
           happen
           ,
           whereby
           the
           
             state
          
           and
           
             course
          
           of
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           should
           be
           changed
           ,
           it
           might
           well
           be
           disputed
           ,
           whether
           the
           rest
           (
           still
           sitting
           and
           acting
           contrary
           to
           what
           was
           done
           before
           those
           Members
           were
           detained
           )
           might
           be
           accounted
           a
           free
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           (
           when
           such
           a
           force
           was
           visibly
           upon
           some
           part
           of
           it
           ,
           as
           changed
           the
           whole
           state
           of
           affairs
           in
           it
           :
           )
           for
           this
           were
           plainly
           an
           accidental
           bending
           of
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           from
           its
           intended
           
             course
             ,
          
           from
           its
           
             free
             current
             ,
          
           and
           so
           far
           as
           it
           is
           bent
           it
           is
           not
           free
           .
           But
           in
           the
           case
           in
           hand
           there
           was
           yet
           more
           ,
           There
           was
           an
           
             intentional
          
           bending
           of
           the
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           (
           as
           was
           expresly
           declared
           by
           them
           who
           were
           the
           instruments
           to
           bend
           it
           )
           there
           was
           a
           culling
           out
           of
           those
           who
           stood
           in
           the
           way
           of
           what
           the
           
             Army
          
           thought
           just
           ,
           safe
           and
           necessary
           to
           be
           done
           .
           And
           this
           was
           done
           purposely
           that
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           might
           be
           put
           into
           another
           posture
           ,
           and
           act
           other
           things
           different
           from
           what
           ,
           as
           they
           were
           then
           constituted
           ,
           they
           could
           be
           drawn
           unto
           .
           Now
           though
           there
           should
           be
           a
           violent
           detention
           of
           divers
           Members
           of
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           from
           doing
           that
           service
           ,
           which
           they
           ought
           and
           desire
           to
           do
           according
           to
           their
           Judgments
           and
           Consciences
           ;
           yet
           if
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           be
           not
           bent
           hereby
           ,
           but
           go
           on
           in
           the
           same
           path
           it
           was
           walking
           in
           before
           ,
           it
           hath
           the
           greater
           advantage
           thereby
           to
           argue
           and
           to
           make
           good
           its
           freedom
           :
           But
           if
           by
           this
           force
           it
           be
           visibly
           and
           apparantly
           bent
           ,
           put
           into
           another
           posture
           ,
           and
           into
           contrary
           ways
           and
           motions
           ,
           the
           evidencing
           of
           its
           freedom
           will
           ,
           in
           this
           case
           ,
           be
           more
           difficult
           .
        
         
           There
           might
           yet
           be
           further
           added
           the
           Judgment
           of
           the
           
             Army
          
           concerning
           this
           action
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           who
           were
           likely
           to
           look
           favorably
           upon
           it
           being
           their
           own
           ,
           but
           I
           purposely
           wave
           it
           :
           for
           I
           do
           not
           go
           about
           to
           make
           the
           most
           of
           these
           things
           ,
           but
           desire
           only
           the
           granting
           of
           thus
           much
           to
           me
           ,
           that
           this
           
             Parliament
          
           is
           not
           unquestionably
           free
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           people
           ,
           who
           are
           sensible
           thereof
           ,
           cannot
           rest
           fully
           satisfied
           in
           their
           spirits
           ,
           that
           this
           present
           engine
           is
           their
           evidently-genuine
           and
           proper
           engine
           .
        
         
           And
           as
           this
           present
           
             Parliament
          
           is
           not
           unquestionably
           free
           ,
           no
           more
           is
           it
           an
           unquestionably
           equal
           Representative
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           neither
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           number
           of
           the
           persons
           ,
           nor
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           qualification
           of
           the
           persons
           .
        
         
           First
           ,
           for
           
             the
             number
             of
             the
             persons
             .
          
           Every
           
             County
             ,
             City
             ,
             Borough
             ,
          
           
           having
           their
           stock
           going
           ,
           their
           right
           and
           interest
           concerned
           in
           the
           whole
           ,
           their
           particular
           advantage
           or
           disadvantage
           while
           
             Parliaments
          
           sit
           ;
           so
           they
           ought
           to
           have
           their
           proper
           
             Substitutes
          
           or
           
             Representers
          
           to
           appear
           for
           them
           ,
           to
           stand
           in
           their
           stead
           ,
           to
           have
           an
           influence
           in
           the
           managing
           of
           their
           particular
           cases
           ,
           and
           their
           right
           in
           the
           whole
           ,
           which
           ,
           as
           the
           case
           now
           stands
           ,
           many
           do
           want
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           for
           
             the
             qualification
             of
             the
             persons
             .
          
           For
           it
           is
           not
           a
           number
           of
           persons
           (
           though
           chosen
           by
           the
           people
           )
           simply
           considered
           ,
           that
           do
           or
           can
           represent
           the
           people
           :
           They
           are
           but
           
             shadows
             ,
          
           not
           the
           
             true
             Representatives
          
           of
           the
           People
           (
           though
           designed
           by
           the
           people
           to
           that
           end
           )
           unless
           they
           be
           rightly
           qualified
           .
           How
           is
           that
           ?
           Why
           thus
           :
           by
           understanding
           the
           condition
           and
           desires
           of
           those
           they
           stand
           for
           ,
           and
           by
           representing
           those
           desires
           seasonably
           in
           their
           stead
           :
           for
           they
           are
           chosen
           to
           be
           
             common
             persons
             ,
          
           and
           therefore
           ought
           to
           have
           the
           
             common
             sense
          
           of
           the
           
             Rights
             ,
             Liberties
             ,
             Safeties
             ,
             Needs
             ,
             Desires
          
           of
           those
           they
           stand
           for
           .
           If
           a
           man
           undertake
           to
           appear
           for
           me
           ,
           and
           doth
           not
           know
           or
           care
           to
           know
           what
           I
           need
           or
           desire
           ,
           he
           doth
           me
           a
           double
           injury
           ;
           both
           putting
           me
           to
           the
           loss
           of
           that
           which
           I
           might
           obtain
           ,
           and
           depriving
           me
           of
           the
           means
           I
           might
           otherwise
           have
           attained
           it
           by
           .
        
         
           Now
           there
           is
           a
           great
           exception
           against
           these
           present
           Representers
           in
           this
           respect
           ,
           the
           state
           of
           things
           ,
           and
           consequently
           burthens
           being
           much
           changed
           ,
           since
           they
           were
           chosen
           to
           represent
           them
           .
           It
           is
           a
           long
           while
           since
           the
           first
           sitting
           of
           this
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           and
           the
           change
           of
           Power
           ,
           with
           other
           things
           ,
           may
           have
           caused
           many
           new
           burthens
           ,
           which
           they
           ,
           being
           in
           power
           ,
           cannot
           so
           fully
           feel
           ,
           nor
           seem
           so
           fit
           to
           be
           
             Judges
          
           of
           .
           The
           
             burthens
          
           of
           the
           
             People
          
           still
           arise
           from
           the
           
             present
             Power
             ,
          
           that
           power
           from
           which
           they
           did
           formerly
           arise
           is
           removed
           ,
           another
           hath
           succeeded
           :
           Now
           they
           who
           are
           the
           greatest
           in
           the
           
             succeeding
             Power
          
           seem
           no
           way
           fit
           to
           represent
           the
           burthens
           of
           the
           people
           under
           that
           power
           :
           but
           such
           of
           the
           common
           people
           as
           lie
           most
           under
           them
           ,
           and
           most
           feel
           them
           ,
           are
           likely
           to
           be
           most
           fit
           to
           represent
           the
           sense
           of
           them
           .
           These
           indeed
           might
           be
           fit
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           chosen
           ,
           to
           be
           Judges
           of
           former
           burthens
           and
           oppressions
           ,
           but
           they
           seem
           not
           now
           so
           fit
           to
           be
           Judges
           concerning
           present
           burthens
           and
           oppressions
           :
           Not
           that
           which
           manageth
           the
           power
           can
           so
           fairly
           ,
           clearly
           and
           sensibly
           judg
           whether
           it
           be
           easie
           or
           grievous
           ,
           but
           that
           which
           lieth
           under
           it
           .
        
         
         
           And
           here
           I
           may
           not
           unfitly
           add
           one
           thing
           concerning
           the
           way
           of
           managing
           affairs
           in
           
             Parliament
          
           so
           much
           in
           use
           ,
           
             viz.
          
           by
           
             Votes
             ;
          
           the
           necessity
           whereof
           in
           some
           cases
           ,
           and
           the
           multitude
           of
           transactions
           ,
           may
           have
           been
           an
           occasion
           to
           draw
           into
           more
           common
           use
           then
           is
           either
           fit
           or
           safe
           .
           My
           ground
           of
           excepting
           against
           it
           is
           this
           .
           The
           actions
           of
           the
           people
           (
           and
           so
           of
           the
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           who
           are
           the
           collective
           body
           of
           the
           people
           )
           should
           be
           very
           clear
           and
           evident
           to
           the
           eye
           of
           
             common
             sense
             ,
          
           so
           as
           to
           bear
           down
           all
           opposition
           or
           gainsaying
           .
           The
           
             people
          
           should
           desire
           the
           removal
           of
           nothing
           but
           what
           is
           evidently
           burthensom
           ,
           the
           addition
           of
           no
           
             Law
          
           but
           what
           is
           evidently
           good
           ,
           the
           punishment
           of
           none
           but
           him
           who
           hath
           evidently
           been
           an
           
             offender
             .
          
           But
           the
           putting
           things
           to
           Vote
           is
           an
           argument
           against
           this
           clearness
           and
           evidence
           ,
           and
           doth
           seem
           to
           whisper
           ,
           if
           not
           to
           speak
           out
           ,
           that
           things
           are
           doubtful
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           determination
           is
           also
           doubtful
           ,
           arising
           not
           necessarily
           from
           the
           strength
           of
           reason
           ,
           but
           perhaps
           from
           the
           number
           of
           voyces
           .
           I
           confess
           it
           is
           impossible
           for
           such
           a
           body
           to
           manage
           many
           affairs
           without
           this
           course
           :
           but
           I
           cannot
           conceive
           that
           ever
           
             Nature
          
           cut
           out
           such
           a
           
             body
          
           for
           the
           managing
           of
           many
           affairs
           .
           It
           is
           a
           body
           of
           the
           common
           people
           ,
           who
           are
           not
           supposed
           to
           be
           skilful
           in
           administring
           
             Government
             ,
          
           nor
           intended
           to
           meddle
           in
           managing
           of
           
             affairs
             ,
          
           but
           only
           to
           set
           them
           in
           a
           right
           posture
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           fair
           way
           of
           
             administration
             .
          
           A
           few
           ,
           easie
           ,
           necessary
           things
           ,
           such
           as
           
             common
             sense
             ,
             reason
          
           and
           
             experience
          
           instructeth
           the
           
             common
             sort
          
           of
           men
           in
           ,
           are
           the
           fittest
           things
           for
           them
           to
           apply
           themselves
           unto
           .
           Indeed
           the
           people
           should
           have
           no
           more
           hand
           in
           or
           rather
           about
           
             Government
             ,
          
           then
           necessity
           requires
           for
           their
           own
           preservation
           ,
           safety
           and
           welfare
           ;
           and
           dispatch
           quickly
           what
           they
           have
           to
           do
           (
           as
           a
           few
           plain
           things
           may
           quickly
           be
           done
           )
           and
           so
           return
           into
           
             subjection
          
           unto
           
             Government
          
           again
           ,
           whereby
           alone
           they
           will
           be
           able
           to
           know
           whether
           they
           have
           done
           well
           or
           ill
           in
           what
           they
           have
           done
           .
           Again
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           a
           Body
           of
           the
           
             common
             people
             ,
          
           so
           it
           is
           of
           a
           
             great
             bulk
          
           (
           it
           cannot
           be
           otherwise
           formed
           ,
           )
           and
           therefore
           not
           fited
           for
           many
           motions
           ,
           but
           only
           for
           such
           as
           are
           flow
           and
           sure
           .
           Yet
           their
           slowness
           of
           motion
           (
           the
           right
           order
           of
           
             nature
          
           being
           observed
           )
           will
           be
           neither
           burdensom
           to
           themselves
           nor
           others
           ,
           being
           recompenced
           by
           the
           fewness
           of
           those
           things
           which
           
             Nature
          
           (
           I
           mean
           the
           nature
           of
           their
           end
           ,
           call
           and
           trust
           )
           hath
           appointed
           for
           them
           to
           do
           .
        
         
         
           4.
           
           
             A
             regular
             way
             of
             Elections
             :
          
           that
           the
           people
           might
           be
           put
           into
           a
           fair
           ,
           clear
           ,
           understanding
           way
           of
           managing
           this
           :
           that
           they
           might
           not
           be
           urged
           from
           favour
           to
           the
           present
           
             administring
             power
          
           to
           make
           their
           choyce
           according
           to
           their
           desires
           ,
           but
           might
           be
           left
           free
           therein
           ,
           and
           might
           be
           incited
           to
           wariness
           by
           being
           instructed
           of
           what
           concernment
           their
           choyce
           is
           :
           that
           if
           they
           chuse
           amiss
           they
           contribute
           towards
           the
           laying
           a
           foundation
           of
           enslaving
           themselves
           and
           the
           whole
           
             Nation
             .
          
           The
           people
           have
           a
           sense
           of
           their
           own
           
             good
             ,
          
           as
           well
           as
           a
           desire
           to
           please
           their
           
             Superiors
             ,
          
           and
           if
           that
           sense
           were
           by
           suitable
           means
           quickened
           in
           them
           at
           the
           time
           or
           season
           when
           they
           chuse
           ,
           they
           would
           be
           so
           much
           the
           more
           careful
           to
           make
           choyce
           of
           such
           as
           were
           fittest
           to
           represent
           that
           sense
           .
           In
           such
           a
           great
           and
           extraordinary
           
             Remedy
          
           there
           should
           be
           extraordinary
           care
           about
           every
           step
           and
           degree
           of
           the
           framing
           and
           constituting
           of
           it
           ,
           that
           we
           may
           be
           sure
           (
           as
           sure
           as
           possibly
           we
           can
           )
           to
           have
           it
           right
           and
           fit
           for
           its
           appointed
           end
           and
           use
           :
           for
           one
           error
           here
           is
           as
           it
           were
           a
           
             womb
          
           of
           danger
           and
           misery
           ,
           which
           hereby
           it
           is
           in
           a
           way
           to
           bring
           forth
           .
           Now
           that
           the
           people
           might
           put
           themselves
           ,
           or
           rather
           be
           put
           (
           for
           they
           can
           hardly
           do
           any
           thing
           themselves
           orderly
           )
           into
           such
           a
           posture
           as
           they
           might
           chuse
           most
           advantagiously
           to
           their
           own
           good
           ;
           and
           that
           those
           whom
           they
           chuse
           might
           the
           better
           understand
           the
           
             end
             ,
             work
             ,
          
           &c.
           for
           which
           they
           are
           chosen
           ,
           and
           the
           better
           apply
           themselves
           thereto
           ;
           that
           both
           these
           might
           be
           more
           commodiously
           done
           ,
           I
           shall
           propound
           these
           three
           things
           .
           (
           And
           here
           I
           desire
           free
           scope
           in
           the
           ballance
           of
           every
           ones
           Judgment
           ,
           for
           I
           propose
           not
           these
           things
           from
           any
           conceit
           of
           them
           ,
           but
           meerly
           from
           the
           strength
           of
           that
           
             reason
          
           which
           representeth
           it self
           to
           me
           in
           them
           ,
           having
           no
           desire
           they
           should
           take
           place
           ,
           so
           much
           as
           in
           any
           ones
           mind
           ,
           any
           further
           then
           the
           
             reason
          
           in
           them
           makes
           way
           there
           for
           them
           ,
           and
           it
           will
           be
           my
           delight
           and
           joy
           to
           see
           them
           give
           place
           to
           any
           thing
           which
           is
           better
           or
           more
           solid
           .
           )
        
         
           1.
           
           That
           the
           
             Counties
             ,
             Cities
          
           or
           
             Boroughs
          
           meet
           together
           (
           as
           they
           were
           wont
           to
           do
           to
           chuse
           their
           
             Knights
             ,
             Citizens
          
           or
           
             Burgesses
          
           )
           to
           chuse
           a
           convenient
           number
           of
           their
           Commonalty
           as
           a
           
             Committee
          
           to
           chuse
           their
           
             Knights
             ,
             Citizens
          
           or
           
             Burgesses
          
           for
           them
           for
           that
           one
           time
           .
        
         
           I
           speak
           now
           in
           general
           concerning
           a
           convenient
           way
           of
           chusing
           ,
           but
           if
           I
           were
           to
           speak
           concerning
           a
           sudden
           new
           choyce
           ,
           I
           should
           
           add
           this
           .
           That
           none
           should
           be
           admitted
           either
           to
           be
           chosen
           or
           to
           vote
           in
           this
           choyce
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           have
           been
           
             faithful
          
           to
           their
           
             Country
          
           in
           the
           late
           great
           
             defection
             :
          
           for
           which
           end
           ,
           that
           
             exceptions
          
           should
           be
           drawn
           up
           ,
           and
           great
           
             penalties
          
           annexed
           to
           them
           ,
           to
           be
           inflicted
           on
           such
           as
           should
           venture
           to
           give
           their
           vote
           ,
           who
           are
           excepted
           from
           chusing
           ;
           or
           such
           as
           shall
           accept
           of
           the
           choyce
           ,
           who
           are
           excepted
           from
           being
           chosen
           .
           (
           Only
           these
           
             exceptions
          
           should
           be
           so
           plain
           ,
           as
           there
           may
           be
           no
           cause
           of
           doubt
           or
           scruple
           concerning
           the
           interpretation
           of
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           lest
           they
           prove
           a
           
             snare
          
           to
           any
           to
           deprive
           them
           of
           the
           exercise
           of
           their
           just
           Right
           and
           Liberty
           herein
           .
           )
           It
           is
           undeniably
           just
           and
           rational
           ,
           that
           the
           people
           having
           fought
           for
           their
           
             Rights
          
           and
           
             Liberties
             ,
          
           and
           purchased
           them
           with
           the
           expence
           of
           their
           
             blood
             ,
          
           should
           now
           enjoy
           them
           ,
           and
           not
           permit
           such
           a
           participation
           of
           those
           among
           them
           ,
           who
           endeavored
           and
           fought
           against
           them
           ,
           as
           may
           cause
           a
           new
           hazard
           of
           the
           return
           of
           that
           into
           their
           hands
           ,
           which
           hath
           been
           thus
           difficultly
           and
           costlily
           recovered
           from
           them
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           That
           this
           
             Committee
          
           immediately
           upon
           their
           being
           chosen
           (
           before
           or
           at
           their
           first
           sitting
           )
           may
           have
           an
           
             Oath
          
           administred
           unto
           them
           ,
           to
           this
           intent
           .
           That
           without
           
             partiality
             ,
          
           regard
           to
           
             friendship
             ,
          
           or
           any
           other
           
             by-respect
             ,
          
           they
           shall
           chuse
           (
           either
           from
           among
           themselves
           or
           elsewhere
           )
           him
           whom
           they
           shall
           judg
           most
           fit
           ,
           both
           for
           ability
           and
           fidelity
           ,
           to
           serve
           his
           
             Country
          
           in
           general
           ,
           and
           that
           
             County
             ,
             City
             ,
          
           or
           
             Borough
          
           in
           particular
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           That
           this
           
             Cōmittee
             ,
          
           immediately
           after
           they
           have
           finished
           their
           choyce
           ,
           consult
           about
           and
           draw
           up
           (
           and
           that
           an
           
             Oath
          
           be
           administred
           for
           this
           end
           likewise
           ,
           or
           a
           clause
           for
           it
           inserted
           in
           the
           former
           
             Oath
          
           )
           a
           Copy
           of
           what
           ,
           according
           to
           their
           Consciences
           ,
           they
           conceive
           them
           to
           be
           entrusted
           with
           by
           the
           people
           ;
           with
           what
           kind
           of
           
             power
             ,
          
           in
           what
           
             sphere
             ,
          
           and
           to
           what
           
             end
             ;
          
           which
           might
           be
           before
           them
           as
           a
           
             Light
          
           and
           
             Rule
          
           unto
           them
           ,
           though
           not
           absolute
           ,
           yet
           it
           might
           be
           very
           helpful
           :
           Whereas
           otherwise
           (
           without
           some
           such
           help
           )
           persons
           called
           to
           that
           employment
           may
           be
           ignorant
           what
           their
           work
           is
           ,
           and
           from
           this
           ignorance
           (
           and
           their
           own
           modesty
           together
           )
           may
           joyn
           with
           others
           in
           the
           way
           they
           find
           them
           in
           (
           if
           a
           
             Parliament
          
           be
           sitting
           )
           or
           in
           the
           way
           some
           ,
           who
           are
           most
           looked
           upon
           ,
           may
           propose
           ;
           in
           the
           mean
           while
           they
           themselves
           not
           understanding
           where
           they
           are
           ,
           to
           what
           direct
           
             end
             ,
          
           or
           upon
           
           what
           
             ground
          
           they
           act
           .
           And
           I
           must
           confess
           this
           hath
           ever
           made
           me
           unwilling
           to
           venture
           upon
           that
           
             employment
             ,
          
           not
           having
           clear
           and
           certain
           
             instruction
          
           how
           or
           what
           to
           act
           therein
           :
           and
           I
           must
           confess
           my self
           somewhat
           unsatisfied
           to
           undertake
           a
           
             Trust
             ,
          
           the
           nature
           whereof
           is
           not
           clearly
           manifested
           unto
           me
           .
           I
           am
           content
           to
           serve
           my
           
             Country
          
           with
           all
           my
           poor
           strength
           ,
           but
           withall
           cannot
           but
           be
           shy
           of
           such
           a
           snare
           of
           doing
           them
           disservice
           in
           stead
           of
           service
           ,
           as
           my
           own
           remediless
           ignorance
           herein
           may
           necessarily
           expose
           me
           to
           .
           And
           perhaps
           there
           may
           be
           some
           others
           who
           may
           stand
           in
           need
           of
           this
           help
           as
           well
           as
           I
           :
           however
           ,
           a
           clear
           and
           plain
           way
           of
           knowledg
           ,
           methinks
           ,
           should
           be
           burdensom
           to
           none
           .
        
         
           Such
           kind
           of
           things
           as
           these
           are
           proper
           transactions
           for
           a
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           for
           there
           may
           be
           errors
           or
           defects
           in
           this
           kind
           which
           the
           people
           cannot
           come
           together
           to
           consult
           about
           and
           heal
           ,
           yet
           it
           is
           requisite
           such
           things
           ,
           in
           this
           kind
           amiss
           ,
           should
           be
           healed
           ,
           who
           therefore
           fitter
           to
           do
           it
           then
           their
           
             Representatives
             ?
          
           And
           what
           might
           not
           be
           done
           in
           this
           nature
           ,
           and
           entertained
           thankfully
           by
           the
           people
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           so
           managed
           ,
           upon
           such
           plain
           
             grounds
          
           of
           
             Reason
          
           and
           
             principles
          
           of
           
             Justice
             ,
          
           and
           in
           such
           a
           
             plain
             clear
             way
             ,
          
           as
           might
           carry
           
             conviction
             ,
          
           that
           it
           was
           not
           done
           from
           any
           
             selfish
             respects
             ,
          
           but
           for
           
             common
             good
             .
          
           It
           is
           a
           jealousie
           in
           the
           people
           ,
           that
           their
           
             Substitutes
          
           neglect
           them
           ,
           and
           mind
           themselves
           ,
           which
           makes
           them
           interpret
           their
           actions
           so
           ill
           ,
           which
           jealousie
           by
           this
           means
           would
           easily
           be
           rooted
           out
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           nay
           it
           would
           fall
           of
           it self
           .
        
         
           These
           are
           the
           things
           which
           to
           me
           seem
           necessary
           to
           set
           us
           right
           .
           And
           if
           it
           were
           once
           thus
           ,
           that
           
             Powers
          
           were
           rightly
           distinguished
           according
           to
           their
           own
           
             natures
             ,
          
           rightly
           bounded
           within
           their
           own
           
             spheres
             ,
             ranks
             ,
             orders
             and
             places
             ;
          
           if
           there
           were
           also
           a
           
             Parliament
          
           in
           every
           respect
           fairly
           chosen
           ,
           set
           right
           in
           its
           
             constitution
             ,
          
           and
           rightly
           acting
           according
           to
           its
           own
           
             nature
             ,
             end
          
           and
           
             work
          
           within
           its
           own
           
             bounds
             ,
          
           there
           might
           be
           some
           ground
           of
           
             hope
          
           both
           towards
           the
           well
           setling
           of
           things
           at
           present
           ,
           and
           the
           easie
           further
           amending
           of
           what
           should
           be
           found
           amiss
           afterwards
           .
           But
           I
           dare
           confidently
           affirm
           it
           ,
           that
           until
           the
           
             true
             way
             ,
             course
          
           and
           
             end
          
           of
           Nature
           be
           discovered
           and
           observed
           ,
           let
           there
           be
           never
           so
           many
           other
           advantages
           ;
           a
           
             Parliament
          
           never
           so
           
             wise
             ,
          
           never
           so
           
             industrious
             ,
          
           never
           so
           
             faithful
             ;
          
           a
           
             People
          
           never
           so
           
             pliable
          
           and
           
             thankeful
             ,
          
           never
           so
           
             quiet
          
           and
           
             patient
             ,
          
           
           both
           in
           submitting
           unto
           the
           pains
           of
           their
           cure
           ,
           and
           in
           continual
           renewing
           of
           their
           expectations
           when
           it
           will
           once
           be
           ;
           yet
           the
           desired
           end
           will
           never
           be
           effected
           by
           the
           
             Parliament
             ,
          
           nor
           enjoyed
           by
           the
           
             People
             .
          
           If
           a
           
             Parliament
          
           will
           produce
           such
           or
           such
           effects
           ,
           it
           must
           become
           such
           or
           such
           a
           cause
           as
           is
           proper
           to
           produce
           those
           effects
           ,
           (
           and
           operate
           like
           that
           cause
           )
           otherwise
           it
           will
           be
           impossible
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           one
           thing
           more
           I
           desire
           to
           mention
           ,
           of
           no
           small
           importance
           ,
           (
           with
           the
           same
           freedom
           which
           I
           have
           used
           hitherto
           )
           which
           hath
           been
           acted
           publiquely
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           will
           one
           day
           be
           examined
           more
           publiquely
           .
           That
           which
           is
           well
           done
           will
           endure
           a
           review
           ;
           and
           that
           which
           is
           ill
           done
           doth
           deserve
           a
           review
           ,
           that
           it
           might
           be
           amended
           :
           yea
           that
           which
           is
           of
           very
           great
           consequence
           may
           in
           equity
           require
           a
           review
           .
        
         
           The
           thing
           is
           this
           ,
           that
           there
           might
           be
           a
           Revisal
           of
           this
           present
           
             Government
          
           (
           whether
           by
           this
           present
           Parliament
           ,
           or
           an
           ensuing
           ,
           or
           by
           both
           ,
           I
           determine
           not
           )
           wherein
           it
           might
           be
           taken
           into
           full
           consideration
           (
           more
           full
           perhaps
           then
           that
           present
           
             exigence
          
           of
           affairs
           ,
           when
           it
           was
           first
           pitched
           upon
           ,
           would
           permit
           ;
           )
           First
           ,
           the
           
             necessity
          
           of
           a
           change
           ;
           and
           secondly
           ,
           the
           
             commodiousness
          
           of
           this
           change
           ,
           or
           certainty
           of
           
             advantage
          
           by
           this
           change
           :
           for
           changes
           are
           never
           good
           but
           when
           they
           are
           necessary
           ,
           and
           when
           the
           change
           is
           certainly
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           very
           probably
           ,
           for
           the
           better
           .
           Now
           as
           there
           is
           at
           some
           times
           
             need
          
           of
           a
           
             change
             ,
          
           so
           there
           is
           at
           other
           times
           an
           
             itching
             humour
          
           in
           man
           after
           change
           ,
           when
           there
           is
           no
           need
           :
           yet
           a
           man
           who
           hath
           a
           mind
           to
           change
           ,
           will
           take
           it
           for
           granted
           that
           there
           is
           a
           need
           of
           change
           ,
           and
           run
           greedily
           into
           it
           though
           he
           suffer
           loss
           thereby
           ,
           changing
           for
           that
           which
           is
           ten
           times
           worse
           ,
           even
           in
           that
           very
           respect
           ,
           because
           of
           which
           he
           changeth
           ,
           only
           his
           eye
           being
           blinded
           by
           his
           present
           desire
           and
           interest
           ,
           he
           cannot
           discern
           it
           .
        
         
           There
           ought
           to
           be
           much
           
             circumspection
          
           in
           all
           weighty
           changes
           :
           This
           ,
           being
           the
           most
           weighty
           and
           of
           most
           concernment
           to
           the
           people
           ,
           deserves
           the
           greater
           wariness
           and
           the
           more
           thorow
           scanning
           .
           It
           doth
           not
           become
           
             wise
             men
          
           to
           take
           a
           prejudice
           against
           a
           thing
           because
           they
           have
           smarted
           by
           it
           ,
           or
           to
           conceive
           well
           of
           another
           thing
           because
           it
           is
           
             different
          
           from
           that
           ,
           or
           because
           it
           appeareth
           
             plausible
          
           at
           first
           view
           ,
           or
           because
           they
           have
           not
           yet
           had
           experience
           of
           
           the
           
             incommodiousness
             ,
             evil
          
           or
           
             danger
          
           of
           it
           ;
           but
           narrowly
           to
           pierce
           into
           the
           
             ground
          
           and
           
             nature
          
           of
           things
           ,
           and
           from
           a
           clear
           sight
           thereof
           to
           bottom
           their
           change
           .
        
         
           In
           changing
           either
           
             Governments
          
           or
           
             Governors
             ,
          
           it
           is
           very
           incident
           to
           man
           to
           be
           unjust
           .
           Man
           ordinarily
           doth
           that
           unjustly
           which
           is
           just
           to
           be
           done
           .
           Because
           of
           his
           sense
           of
           smart
           ,
           he
           is
           become
           an
           
             enemy
          
           (
           and
           so
           far
           an
           unfit
           Judg
           )
           to
           that
           and
           them
           which
           he
           smarted
           by
           ;
           and
           can
           very
           hardly
           afford
           them
           a
           fair
           hearing
           of
           what
           they
           can
           say
           for
           themselves
           .
           Yet
           this
           is
           the
           due
           of
           every
           thing
           which
           is
           layd
           aside
           .
           And
           for
           my
           part
           ,
           though
           I
           shall
           not
           plead
           for
           the
           resettlement
           of
           
             Kingly
             Government
          
           (
           for
           I
           am
           not
           so
           far
           engaged
           in
           my
           affections
           to
           it
           ,
           as
           it
           yet
           hath
           been
           )
           yet
           I
           would
           have
           a
           fair
           and
           friendly
           shaking
           hands
           with
           it
           ,
           and
           not
           any
           blame
           layd
           upon
           it
           beyond
           its
           desert
           :
           For
           doubtless
           it
           is
           both
           
             proper
             ,
             good
          
           and
           
             useful
          
           in
           its
           kinde
           ,
           and
           hath
           its
           
             advantages
          
           above
           any
           other
           
             Government
          
           on
           the
           one
           hand
           ,
           as
           it
           hath
           also
           its
           
             disadvantages
          
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           .
        
         
           Now
           since
           I
           have
           waded
           thus
           far
           herein
           ,
           I
           will
           proceed
           a
           little
           further
           ,
           propounding
           what
           way
           I
           should
           judg
           most
           convenient
           for
           my self
           to
           take
           ,
           if
           I
           were
           to
           have
           an
           hand
           in
           this
           particular
           ,
           so
           as
           I
           might
           discharge
           it
           with
           most
           
             Justice
          
           in
           reference
           to
           the
           thing
           it self
           ,
           and
           with
           most
           
             satisfaction
          
           in
           reference
           to
           my
           own
           spirit
           .
           (
           Every
           man
           must
           be
           master
           of
           what
           he
           doth
           in
           his
           own
           Understanding
           ,
           or
           he
           cannot
           act
           justly
           ;
           and
           his
           heart
           is
           poor
           and
           weak
           ,
           if
           it
           can
           be
           satisfied
           in
           managing
           things
           beyond
           his
           strength
           .
           )
        
         
           In
           the
           first
           place
           (
           supposing
           I
           had
           Power
           )
           I
           would
           require
           such
           
             learned
             Lawyers
             ,
          
           as
           I
           should
           judg
           most
           fit
           ,
           to
           give
           me
           a
           plain
           and
           full
           description
           of
           
             Kingly
             Government
             ;
          
           of
           the
           
             Duty
             ,
             Power
             ,
             Prerogatives
          
           of
           it
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           
             several
             bounds
          
           of
           it
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           
             Laws
          
           of
           this
           
             Land
             .
          
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           I
           would
           consider
           ,
           whether
           any
           of
           these
           were
           
             defective
             ;
          
           and
           particularly
           since
           the
           
             Prerogative
             part
          
           was
           so
           encroaching
           ,
           what
           
             bonds
          
           might
           be
           layd
           upon
           it
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           and
           how
           far
           they
           might
           be
           able
           to
           binde
           it
           fast
           from
           intrenching
           upon
           the
           
             Rights
          
           and
           
             Liberties
          
           of
           the
           People
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           I
           would
           consider
           ,
           what
           
             security
          
           or
           
             certainty
          
           might
           be
           had
           of
           a
           setled
           course
           of
           
             Parliaments
          
           in
           fitting
           seasons
           and
           with
           
           sufficient
           Power
           for
           remedying
           any
           grievances
           which
           might
           arise
           to
           the
           People
           from
           this
           
             Government
             ,
          
           or
           from
           any
           
             Governors
          
           which
           might
           be
           employed
           in
           it
           :
           for
           in
           every
           
             Government
          
           there
           are
           (
           besides
           the
           Supreme
           )
           
             Sub-governors
             ,
          
           who
           are
           usually
           the
           greatest
           Oppressors
           .
        
         
           Having
           done
           this
           ,
           fully
           and
           fairly
           ,
           to
           the
           satisfaction
           (
           not
           of
           my
           
             will
          
           or
           
             desire
             ,
          
           but
           )
           of
           my
           
             understanding
             unbyassed
             ;
          
           I
           would
           as
           fairly
           propound
           ,
           to
           my
           view
           ,
           the
           other
           
             Government
             ,
          
           which
           might
           seem
           fit
           to
           succeed
           in
           the
           stead
           of
           this
           .
           I
           would
           take
           a
           full
           draught
           of
           it
           ;
           the
           
             Duty
             ,
             Power
             ,
             Prerogatives
          
           (
           for
           such
           it
           ought
           to
           have
           ;
           its
           work
           being
           hard
           ,
           in
           equity
           it
           should
           have
           priviledges
           to
           sweeten
           it
           )
           and
           
             several
             limits
          
           of
           it
           .
           I
           would
           consider
           again
           and
           again
           ,
           how
           it
           could
           be
           bound
           faster
           then
           the
           other
           :
           How
           the
           
             Convention
          
           and
           
             Session
          
           of
           
             Parliaments
          
           in
           season
           ,
           with
           full
           
             Power
             and
             Freedom
             ,
          
           might
           be
           more
           certain
           under
           this
           .
           And
           after
           full
           and
           thorow
           consideration
           of
           every
           thing
           needful
           to
           be
           considered
           ,
           if
           it
           did
           indeed
           appear
           that
           
             Errors
          
           in
           the
           former
           kinde
           of
           
             Government
          
           could
           not
           safely
           or
           easily
           be
           amended
           ,
           nor
           the
           
             dangers
          
           thereof
           well
           prevented
           ,
           but
           might
           with
           much
           more
           safety
           and
           ease
           be
           both
           amended
           and
           prevented
           in
           the
           latter
           ;
           then
           would
           I
           abolish
           the
           former
           ,
           and
           settle
           the
           latter
           .
        
         
           This
           ,
           in
           my
           apprehension
           ,
           would
           be
           a
           fair
           and
           just
           way
           ,
           and
           would
           not
           expose
           me
           to
           drink
           in
           
             prejudices
          
           (
           which
           become
           not
           a
           
             Judg
          
           )
           against
           the
           
             Government
          
           which
           is
           to
           be
           called
           into
           question
           ;
           or
           to
           lay
           that
           as
           a
           particular
           
             Objection
          
           to
           it
           ,
           which
           other
           Governments
           are
           as
           liable
           unto
           .
           
             Neglecting
             of
             Duty
             ,
             grasping
             of
             extraordinary
             Power
             ,
             enlarging
             of
             Priviledges
             and
             Prerogatives
             ,
             trampling
             upon
             them
             that
             are
             low
             ,
             that
             are
             as
             it
             were
             the
             earth
             under
             them
             ,
             riding
             in
             pomp
             upon
             the
             backs
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             &c.
          
           these
           are
           common
           to
           every
           
             Government
             ,
          
           and
           will
           be
           growing
           up
           under
           every
           
             Government
          
           further
           then
           they
           are
           powerfully
           suppressed
           .
           As
           for
           that
           great
           Objection
           of
           the
           enmity
           of
           
             Kingly
             Government
          
           to
           
             Parliaments
             ,
          
           any
           other
           Government
           may
           be
           as
           liable
           to
           it
           .
           No
           ordinary
           supreme
           Power
           loveth
           an
           extraordinary
           supreme
           Power
           ;
           and
           what
           Power
           soever
           be
           set
           up
           ,
           it
           will
           go
           neer
           (
           if
           much
           care
           be
           not
           used
           to
           prevent
           it
           )
           to
           have
           an
           influence
           upon
           the
           choyce
           of
           
             Parliament
          
           men
           ,
           and
           will
           be
           molding
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           to
           it self
           ,
           which
           if
           it
           cannot
           do
           ,
           it
           will
           hardly
           look
           upon
           it
           as
           its
           friend
           .
           I
           
           must
           confess
           the
           changing
           of
           the
           form
           of
           
             Government
          
           is
           not
           so
           considerable
           in
           my
           eye
           ,
           but
           the
           fixing
           of
           so
           strong
           and
           safe
           bounds
           and
           limits
           ,
           as
           a
           good
           Governor
           or
           Governors
           may
           delight
           to
           keep
           within
           ,
           and
           a
           bad
           or
           bad
           ones
           may
           not
           be
           able
           to
           break
           through
           :
           which
           may
           be
           much
           helped
           by
           the
           frequent
           use
           of
           
             Parliaments
             ,
          
           if
           they
           can
           be
           kept
           within
           their
           bounds
           ,
           or
           else
           that
           will
           be
           worst
           of
           all
           according
           to
           that
           known
           Maxim
           ,
           
             Corruptio
             optimi
             pessima
             ,
          
           the
           best
           thing
           being
           corrupted
           proveth
           worst
           .
        
         
           When
           this
           is
           done
           (
           for
           I
           do
           not
           look
           upon
           it
           as
           yet
           done
           ,
           till
           all
           reviews
           ,
           which
           in
           reason
           and
           equity
           can
           be
           desired
           ,
           are
           first
           over
           )
           and
           
             the
             supreme
             Governor
          
           or
           
             Governors
          
           fully
           agreed
           upon
           :
           then
           it
           will
           be
           seasonable
           ,
           just
           and
           requisite
           to
           restore
           to
           them
           those
           
             Rights
          
           and
           
             Priviledges
          
           which
           belong
           unto
           them
           ,
           and
           which
           it
           is
           the
           minde
           of
           the
           People
           they
           should
           have
           :
           as
           particularly
           his
           or
           their
           
             consent
          
           in
           making
           
             Laws
             .
          
           It
           is
           great
           reason
           the
           People
           should
           make
           their
           own
           Laws
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           as
           agreeable
           to
           Reason
           ,
           that
           he
           who
           is
           to
           govern
           by
           them
           should
           consent
           unto
           them
           .
           As
           the
           People
           (
           so
           far
           as
           they
           understand
           themselves
           )
           cannot
           but
           be
           unwilling
           to
           be
           made
           slaves
           by
           their
           
             Governor
             ,
          
           to
           be
           governed
           by
           such
           
             Laws
          
           as
           he
           should
           make
           at
           his
           pleasure
           :
           so
           neither
           should
           they
           desire
           to
           make
           him
           a
           slave
           ,
           by
           putting
           what
           
             Laws
          
           they
           please
           into
           his
           hand
           ,
           requiring
           him
           to
           take
           care
           of
           the
           observation
           of
           them
           :
           but
           a
           mutual
           agreement
           &
           transaction
           in
           things
           of
           this
           nature
           is
           fairest
           and
           most
           just
           .
           Yea
           this
           would
           be
           most
           advantagious
           to
           the
           people
           ,
           for
           he
           who
           constantly
           weilds
           the
           
             Scepter
          
           is
           in
           likelyhood
           best
           able
           to
           give
           advice
           concerning
           
             Laws
             ,
          
           and
           may
           put
           them
           into
           a
           better
           way
           (
           by
           vertue
           of
           his
           
             experience
          
           )
           of
           attaining
           their
           
             ends
          
           and
           
             desires
          
           then
           they
           of
           themselves
           can
           light
           upon
           .
           If
           
             the
             chief
             Governor
          
           or
           
             Governors
          
           shall
           refuse
           to
           assent
           to
           such
           
             Laws
          
           as
           are
           evidently
           good
           and
           necessary
           ,
           a
           better
           remedy
           may
           be
           found
           out
           then
           the
           depriving
           of
           him
           from
           this
           Liberty
           .
           The
           true
           way
           of
           curing
           is
           difficult
           ,
           requiring
           much
           
             skill
             ,
             care
          
           and
           
             pains
             ;
          
           the
           common
           way
           of
           man
           is
           by
           running
           out
           of
           one
           
             extream
          
           into
           another
           ,
           which
           he
           is
           apt
           to
           please
           himself
           much
           in
           ,
           because
           he
           observeth
           himself
           at
           such
           a
           distance
           from
           that
           which
           he
           found
           so
           inconvenient
           and
           perhaps
           so
           mischievous
           before
           .
           But
           this
           is
           neither
           just
           in
           it self
           ,
           nor
           can
           prove
           either
           easie
           or
           safe
           in
           the
           issue
           .
        
         
           To
           draw
           to
           a
           
             conclusion
             ;
          
           I
           shall
           onely
           mention
           some
           few
           
             properties
          
           
           of
           a
           
             good
             Governor
             ,
          
           to
           which
           the
           people
           should
           have
           respect
           in
           their
           choyce
           ,
           and
           to
           which
           he
           who
           is
           chosen
           by
           the
           People
           to
           that
           degree
           and
           honor
           ,
           should
           have
           respect
           in
           his
           acting
           .
        
         
           There
           are
           two
           
             properties
          
           or
           
             proper
             ways
             of
             motion
          
           (
           which
           contain
           in
           them
           several
           properties
           )
           of
           a
           good
           
             Governor
             ,
          
           which
           ,
           if
           he
           will
           be
           furnished
           unto
           ,
           will
           make
           him
           very
           useful
           and
           serviceable
           in
           his
           place
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           To
           manage
           his
           
             Trust
          
           with
           all
           
             care
          
           and
           
             fidelity
             .
          
           To
           neglect
           himself
           ,
           his
           own
           particular
           
             ease
             ,
             pleasure
             ,
             advantage
             ;
          
           and
           apply
           himself
           to
           the
           
             good
          
           of
           the
           whole
           .
           To
           minister
           
             Justice
          
           equally
           ,
           fairly
           ,
           freely
           ,
           speedily
           ;
           and
           
             mercy
          
           tenderly
           .
           To
           punish
           meerly
           for
           necessity
           sake
           ,
           but
           to
           relieve
           from
           his
           heart
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           To
           settle
           the
           
             Foundations
          
           (
           so
           far
           as
           lies
           in
           his
           way
           and
           within
           his
           reach
           )
           of
           the
           
             Peoples
             Liberty
             ,
             Peace
          
           and
           
             Welfare
             ,
          
           that
           it
           may
           be
           in
           a
           thriving
           condition
           growing
           still
           more
           and
           more
           :
           For
           the
           welfare
           of
           the
           People
           doth
           not
           so
           much
           consist
           in
           a
           quiet
           ,
           prosperous
           ,
           setled
           state
           at
           present
           ,
           as
           in
           a
           good
           seed
           for
           future
           growth
           ,
           whereby
           alone
           the
           Government
           can
           come
           to
           yeeld
           the
           good
           fruit
           of
           a
           present
           good
           setling
           .
           It
           may
           cost
           much
           at
           present
           to
           manure
           the
           ground
           and
           plant
           a
           good
           Government
           ,
           the
           benefit
           is
           to
           be
           reaped
           afterwards
           ,
           which
           will
           lie
           much
           in
           the
           
             Governor
             ,
          
           who
           may
           help
           much
           to
           cherish
           or
           blast
           it
           .
        
         
           The
           main
           thing
           in
           a
           
             Governor
          
           (
           which
           will
           much
           fit
           him
           unto
           both
           these
           )
           is
           to
           keep
           within
           his
           bounds
           :
           Not
           to
           think
           or
           undertake
           to
           do
           all
           the
           good
           which
           is
           needful
           to
           be
           done
           ,
           but
           that
           good
           which
           belongs
           to
           his
           place
           and
           office
           :
           Not
           to
           avoyd
           bonds
           ,
           but
           to
           desire
           to
           be
           bound
           as
           fast
           as
           may
           be
           .
           He
           who
           is
           indeed
           unwilling
           to
           
             transgress
             ,
             to
             do
             evil
             ;
          
           is
           willing
           to
           be
           tyed
           up
           ,
           as
           fast
           and
           close
           as
           can
           be
           ,
           from
           all
           
             temptations
          
           and
           
             advantages
          
           thereunto
           .
           Good
           honest
           plain-dealing-hearts
           are
           too
           apt
           to
           desire
           scope
           ,
           thinking
           onely
           to
           improve
           it
           for
           good
           ;
           and
           others
           are
           too
           apt
           to
           trust
           them
           ,
           little
           suspecting
           that
           they
           will
           do
           otherwise
           ,
           till
           at
           length
           on
           a
           sudden
           so
           evident
           snares
           and
           temptations
           overtake
           them
           ,
           as
           give
           too
           plain
           a
           proof
           of
           the
           contrary
           .
           This
           
             experience
          
           is
           so
           deep
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           well
           be
           questioned
           ,
           
             Whether
             it
             were
             better
             to
             have
             a
             bad
             Governor
             being
             fast
             bound
             ,
             or
             a
             good
             Governor
             being
             at
             liberty
             ;
          
           which
           would
           be
           very
           difficult
           
           to
           resolve
           ,
           because
           on
           the
           one
           hand
           it
           is
           so
           hard
           to
           finde
           bonds
           to
           binde
           a
           bad
           Governor
           fast
           enough
           ,
           and
           so
           difficult
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           for
           a
           good
           Governor
           being
           left
           at
           liberty
           ,
           to
           act
           well
           .
           He
           who
           hath
           had
           experience
           what
           he
           is
           ,
           when
           he
           is
           left
           
             at
             liberty
             ,
          
           and
           what
           others
           are
           when
           they
           are
           left
           
             at
             liberty
          
           (
           how
           easily
           his
           or
           their
           
             Judgment
             ,
             Will
          
           and
           
             Affections
          
           are
           perverted
           )
           will
           neither
           desire
           to
           be
           left
           at
           liberty
           himself
           ,
           nor
           to
           have
           others
           left
           at
           liberty
           .
           A
           good
           
             Governor
          
           might
           do
           great
           service
           in
           this
           respect
           ,
           namely
           both
           by
           a
           ready
           compliance
           with
           his
           bonds
           (
           for
           the
           good
           and
           necessary
           use
           of
           them
           )
           which
           is
           very
           rare
           ;
           as
           also
           by
           seeking
           further
           bonds
           ,
           where
           he
           can
           discover
           starting
           holes
           ,
           which
           is
           yet
           more
           rare
           .
        
         
           Man
           naturally
           seeketh
           
             liberty
             from
             bonds
             ,
          
           desireth
           to
           avoyd
           them
           :
           He
           would
           binde
           others
           ,
           but
           be
           without
           bonds
           himself
           :
           Others
           need
           bonds
           ,
           but
           he
           can
           act
           well
           without
           them
           ,
           yea
           he
           can
           do
           more
           good
           without
           them
           then
           with
           them
           :
           They
           may
           be
           a
           fit
           
             curb
          
           for
           others
           ,
           but
           they
           will
           be
           but
           a
           
             clog
          
           to
           him
           in
           the
           pursuit
           of
           the
           peoples
           happiness
           ,
           whereby
           he
           shall
           be
           hindered
           from
           doing
           that
           good
           service
           which
           he
           would
           and
           otherwise
           might
           :
           Thus
           the
           best
           men
           ,
           many
           times
           ,
           come
           to
           do
           most
           hurt
           ,
           least
           suspecting
           themselves
           ,
           and
           being
           least
           mistrusted
           by
           others
           .
           (
           Who
           would
           not
           beleeve
           his
           own
           heart
           ,
           that
           if
           he
           were
           in
           place
           and
           Power
           he
           would
           not
           do
           thus
           or
           thus
           ,
           but
           amend
           this
           and
           that
           and
           the
           other
           thing
           ;
           and
           the
           more
           scope
           he
           had
           ,
           the
           better
           and
           more
           swiftly
           would
           he
           do
           it
           ?
           )
           But
           to
           seek
           
             bonds
             ,
          
           to
           desire
           to
           be
           hedged
           up
           from
           every
           thing
           that
           is
           
             unlawful
          
           or
           
             unfit
             ;
          
           to
           seek
           where
           one
           might
           evade
           and
           prepare
           before-hand
           
             strength
          
           to
           resist
           it
           ,
           
             engines
          
           to
           oppose
           and
           keep
           it
           back
           ,
           this
           is
           as
           unusual
           an
           undertaking
           in
           
             Governors
             ,
          
           as
           needful
           and
           profitable
           for
           the
           people
           .
        
         
           There
           would
           one
           great
           
             advantage
          
           from
           this
           arrive
           unto
           
             Posterity
             ,
          
           besides
           that
           which
           the
           People
           themselves
           might
           enjoy
           under
           it
           at
           present
           :
           for
           it
           would
           make
           the
           fruit
           of
           a
           good
           
             GOVERNORS
          
           Government
           extend
           it self
           to
           future
           
             Generations
             ,
          
           in
           this
           respect
           ,
           because
           by
           this
           means
           there
           would
           be
           bonds
           prepared
           to
           tie
           up
           such
           as
           should
           afterwards
           succeed
           ,
           who
           might
           be
           more
           inclinable
           to
           break
           
           forth
           into
           unjust
           and
           by-ways
           ,
           then
           a
           present
           Governor
           or
           Governors
           .
           There
           are
           none
           who
           have
           such
           advantage
           to
           espy
           starting-holes
           ,
           as
           those
           who
           are
           penned
           up
           :
           and
           if
           they
           be
           careful
           in
           espying
           and
           faithful
           in
           stopping
           up
           those
           holes
           (
           by
           putting
           the
           
             Parliament
          
           upon
           setting
           such
           fences
           of
           Laws
           so
           made
           about
           them
           ,
           as
           may
           best
           secure
           the
           People
           in
           this
           respect
           )
           the
           
             Administration
          
           will
           soon
           prove
           both
           regular
           and
           safe
           ,
           as
           also
           in
           a
           thriving
           condition
           ,
           in
           so
           much
           as
           that
           the
           
             Liberty
             ,
             Safety
             ,
          
           and
           
             sound
             Prosperity
          
           of
           the
           People
           will
           grow
           more
           and
           more
           upon
           them
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .