author-peningtonIsaac-freebo
Introduction
This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.
This study carrel was created on 2021-05-23 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.
All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.
Size
There are 48 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 605,973 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 12,624 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.
Readability
On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 95. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.
Word Frequencies
By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:
god, spirit, life, will, lord, power, light, man, true, christ, ye, may, shall, things, one, heart, now, come, people, truth, yet, law, way, thing, men, forth, love, know, made, every, nature, world, must, day, us, great, even, many, good, also, faith, text, see, self, make, living, without, new, might, concerning
Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A collection of the several books and vvritings, given forth by that faithful servant of God and his people, George Fox, the Younger, Some principles of the elect people of God in scorn called Quakers, and The way of life and death made manifest and set before men whereby the many paths of death are impleaded, and the one path of life propounded and pleaded for in some positions concerning the apostacy from the Christian spirit and life, with some principles guiding out of it : as also in answers to some objections whereby the simplicity in some may be entangled : held forth in tender good will both Papists and Protestants who have generally erred from the faith for these many generations, since the dayes of the apostles, and with that which they have erred from are they comprehended / by Isac Pennington the younger..
The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:
early english, english books, books online, ye may, lord god, every one, page images, true church, every man, isaac penington, true light, creation partnership, text creation, new covenant, take heed, jesus christ, one another, every thing, ye will, living god, christ jesus, brought forth, lord will, made manifest, bring forth, holy spirit, gods spirit, god will, will come, image sets, characters represented, tcp schema, represented either, must needs, ye shall, may come, true love, true life, false church, true faith, work described, encoded text, creative commons, financial support, batch review, text transcribed, tiff page, providing financial, bit group, tcp assigned
And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A weighty question, proposed to the King, and both Houses of Parliament together, with some queries about religion, for the good of mens souls, that they may seek after, and be established in that which gives life / by Isaac Penington. The way of life and death made manifest and set before men whereby the many paths of death are impleaded, and the one path of life propounded and pleaded for in some positions concerning the apostacy from the Christian spirit and life, with some principles guiding out of it : as also in answers to some objections whereby the simplicity in some may be entangled : held forth in tender good will both Papists and Protestants who have generally erred from the faith for these many generations, since the dayes of the apostles, and with that which they have erred from are they comprehended / by Isac Pennington the younger., and To the Jews natural, and to the Jews spiritual with a few words ro [sic] England my native country, &c. : some sensible, weighty queries, concerning some things very sweet and necessary to be experienced in the truly-Christian state : whereunto is added a postscript, containing some queries on Isa. 50, 10, 11 ... / by Isaac Penington..
While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:
Keywords
Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:
lord, god, spirit, life, power, law, church, christ, tcp, light, truth, nation, scriptures, people, covenant, world, seed, word, soul, ordinances, man, king, jews, father, faith, creature, thing, sion, self, righteousness, religion, prophets, principle, peace, parliament, observ, oath, nations, moses, laws, kingdome, israel, heart, grace, governors, government, friends, eternal, ephraim, enemy
And now word clouds really begin to shine:
Topic Modeling
Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and Some queries concerning the work of God in the world which is to be expected in the latter ages thereof with a few plain words to the nation of England, tending towards stopping the future breakings forth of Gods wrath, both upon the people and powers thereof : with an advertisement relating to the present state of things. is most about that word.
If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:
- god - A collection of the several books and vvritings, given forth by that faithful servant of God and his people, George Fox, the Younger
- god - The New-Covenant of the gospel distingnished [sic] from the Old Covenant of the law and the rest or sabbath of believers, from the rest or sabbath of the Jews, which differ as much from each other, as the sign and shadow doth from the thing signified and shadowed out : in answer to some queries of W. Salters, tending to enforce upon Christians the observation of the Jewish sabbath ... whereto are added Some considerations propounded to the Jews, tending towards their conversion to that which is the life and spirit of the law / by Isaac Penington ...
- life - Babylon the Great described. The city of confusion. In every part whereof Antichrist reigns. Which knoweth not the order and unity of the spirit, but striveth to set up an order and uniformity according to the wisdom of the flesh, in all her territories atd [sic] dominions. Her sins, her judgements. With some plain queries further to discover her, and some considerations to help out of her suburbs, that her inward building may lye the more open to the breath and spirit of the Lord, from which it is to receiv [sic] its consumption and overthrow. Also, an exhortation to the powers of the earth. By Isaac Penington, the younger.
If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:
- god, lord, life - A collection of the several books and vvritings, given forth by that faithful servant of God and his people, George Fox, the Younger
- god, spirit, life - The New-Covenant of the gospel distingnished [sic] from the Old Covenant of the law and the rest or sabbath of believers, from the rest or sabbath of the Jews, which differ as much from each other, as the sign and shadow doth from the thing signified and shadowed out : in answer to some queries of W. Salters, tending to enforce upon Christians the observation of the Jewish sabbath ... whereto are added Some considerations propounded to the Jews, tending towards their conversion to that which is the life and spirit of the law / by Isaac Penington ...
- god, man, things - The fundamental right, safety and liberty of the people (which is radically in themselves, derivatively in the Parliament, their substitutes or representatives) briefly asserted. Wherein is discovered the great good or harm which may accrue unto the people by Parliaments, according to their different temperature and motions. Together with some proposals conducing towards an equal and just settlement of the distracted state of this nation. As likewise a touch at some especial properties of a supream good governor or governors. / By Isaac Penington (junior) Esq; The safety of the people is the supream, most natural and most righteous law, being both the most proper end and most adequate rule of government.
- spirit, life, god - Babylon the Great described. The city of confusion. In every part whereof Antichrist reigns. Which knoweth not the order and unity of the spirit, but striveth to set up an order and uniformity according to the wisdom of the flesh, in all her territories atd [sic] dominions. Her sins, her judgements. With some plain queries further to discover her, and some considerations to help out of her suburbs, that her inward building may lye the more open to the breath and spirit of the Lord, from which it is to receiv [sic] its consumption and overthrow. Also, an exhortation to the powers of the earth. By Isaac Penington, the younger.
- church, true, false - The root of popery struck at, and the true ancient apostolick foundation discovered, in some propositions to the papists concerning fallibility and infallibility, which cut down the uncertain, and manifest the certain way of receiving and growing up into the truth : also, some considerations concerning the true and false church and ministry, with the state of each since the dayes of the apostles : held forth in true love and pity to the souls of the papists, that they may hear and consider, and not mistake and stumble at the rock of ages, whereupon the prophets, apostles, and whole flock of God throughout all generations have been built : there is likewise somewhat added concerning the ground of error, and the way to truth and unity, for the sake of such as are more spiritual, and have been more inwardly exercised in searching after truth / by Isaac Penington, the younger.
Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:
Noun & Verbs
Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":
life, man, light, things, heart, power, people, spirit, way, thing, men, truth, day, nature, time, self, hath, state, hearts, sin, love, words, text, eye, work, knowledge, scriptures, faith, others, seed, death, part, flesh, world, wisdom, end, worship, mind, strength, soul, darkness, glory, nothing, law, hand, understanding, place, peace, will, appearance
An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:
is, be, are, have, was, were, come, been, do, had, did, know, made, see, hath, make, concerning, let, being, according, living, given, take, give, set, say, receive, wait, feel, keep, bring, brought, called, said, become, came, done, received, believe, comes, hear, found, put, speak, known, go, stand, consider, appear, read
Proper Nouns
An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.
god, lord, spirit, christ, ye, life, hath, power, thou, law, church, covenant, light, tcp, world, yea, father, word, gospel, truth, c., jews, son, israel, jesus, earth, holy, moses, righteousness, isaac, faith, gods, kingdom, love, penington, john, soul, man, darkness, text, wisdom, seed, king, heaven, christians, babylon, quest, nature, english, apostles
An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"
it, his, he, they, them, you, him, their, i, your, we, my, its, her, me, us, our, himself, thy, themselves, she, thee, ye, theirs, mine, one, yours, vvhat, thou, ours, hee, elias, wil, whereof, vvith, u, treateth, toss''d, thinketh, severall, ourselves, nay, itself, hers, dayly, ay, ''s
Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.
Adjectives & Verbs
Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"
true, own, such, great, many, other, same, pure, good, new, outward, false, spiritual, inward, able, more, first, holy, present, free, much, little, early, several, old, dead, whole, very, wise, eternal, everlasting, earthly, evil, poor, manifest, english, high, full, contrary, righteous, greater, strong, perfect, natural, least, proper, right, corrupt, precious, dark
not, so, up, then, now, forth, more, even, also, out, therefore, thus, yet, never, very, there, ever, down, again, here, as, still, in, thereof, away, only, indeed, much, first, far, well, truly, therein, all, alone, off, most, long, inwardly, somewhat, further, too, once, thereby, onely, together, on, back, just, over
Next steps
There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.
Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.
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