Of a free trade. A discourse seriously recommending to our nation the wonderfull benefits of trade, especially of a rightly governed, and ordered trade. Setting forth also most clearly, the relative nature, degrees, and qualifications of libertie, which is ever to be inlarged, or restrained according to that good, which it relates to, as that is more, or lesse ample. / Written by Henry Parker Esquire.
         Parker, Henry, 1604-1652.
      
       
         This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A91327 of text R203127 in the  English Short Title Catalog (Thomason E425_18). Textual changes  and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more  computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life.  The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with  MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish.  This text has not been fully proofread 
       Approx. 104 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 26 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images.
       
         EarlyPrint Project
         Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO
         2017
         A91327
         Wing P414
         Thomason E425_18
         ESTC R203127
         99863199
         99863199
         115386
         
           
            This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of
             Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal
            . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
          
        
      
       
         Early English books online.
      
       
         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A91327)
         Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 115386)
         Images scanned from microfilm: (Thomason Tracts ; 67:E425[18])
      
       
         
           
             Of a free trade. A discourse seriously recommending to our nation the wonderfull benefits of trade, especially of a rightly governed, and ordered trade. Setting forth also most clearly, the relative nature, degrees, and qualifications of libertie, which is ever to be inlarged, or restrained according to that good, which it relates to, as that is more, or lesse ample. / Written by Henry Parker Esquire.
             Parker, Henry, 1604-1652.
          
           [4], 34 [i.e. 40] p.
           
             Printed by Fr: Neile for Robert Bostock, dwelling in Pauls Church-yard, at the Signe of the King's Head,
             London :
             1648.
          
           
             The last four pages are numbered: 31, 30, 35, 34.
             Imperfect: faded print, staining.
             Annotation on Thomason copy: "Feb: 5th 1647"; the 8 in imprint date crossed out.
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Free trade -- Early works to 1800.
           Great Britain -- Commerce -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
       A91327  R203127  (Thomason E425_18).  civilwar no Of a free trade.:  A discourse seriously recommending to our nation the wonderfull benefits of trade, especially of a rightly governed, and Parker, Henry 1648    18077 41 5 0 0 0 0 25 C  The  rate of 25 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the C category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words. 
        2007-05 TCP
        Assigned for keying and markup
      
        2007-05 Aptara
        Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images
      
        2007-09 Elspeth Healey
        Sampled and proofread
      
        2007-09 Elspeth Healey
        Text and markup reviewed and edited
      
        2008-02 pfs
        Batch review (QC) and XML conversion
      
    
  
   
     
       
       
         
           Of
           a
           Free
           Trade
           A
           DISCOURSE
           Seriously
           Recommending
           to
           our
           Nation
           the
           wonderfull
           benefits
           of
           TRADE
           ,
           especially
           of
           a
           rightly
           Governed
           ,
           and
           
             Ordered
             Trade
             .
          
        
         
           Setting
           forth
           also
           most
           clearly
           ,
           The
           Relative
           Nature
           ,
           Degrees
           ,
           and
           Qualifications
           of
           LIBERTIE
           ,
           Which
           is
           ever
           to
           be
           inlarged
           ,
           or
           restrained
           according
           to
           that
           Good
           ,
           which
           it
           Relates
           to
           ,
           as
           that
           is
           more
           ,
           or
           lesse
           ample
           .
        
         
           Written
           by
           HENRY
           PARKER
           Esquire
           .
        
         
           
             
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
               {non-Roman}
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             Doing
             all
             things
             thou
             doest
             none
             :
          
           
             Businesse
             too
             vast
             makes
             thee
             a
             Drone
             .
          
        
         
           
             LONDON
             :
          
           Printed
           by
           
             Fr
             :
             Neile
          
           for
           
             Robert
             Bostock
             ,
          
           dwelling
           in
           
             Pauls
          
           Church-yard
           ,
           at
           the
           Signe
           of
           the
           King's
           Head
           .
           1648.
           
        
      
       
       
       
         
           TO
           THE
           RIGHT
           WORSHIPFULL
           JOHN
           KENRICK
           Alderman
           of
           LONDON
           ,
           Governour
           of
           the
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           of
           ENGLAND
           .
           TO
           THE
           RIGHT
           WORSHIPFULL
           ISAAC
           LEE
           ,
           Deputy
           of
           the
           said
           Company
           of
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           residing
           at
           Hamburgh
           .
           To
           all
           other
           Deputies
           ,
           Assistants
           and
           Members
           of
           the
           said
           Famous
           Company
           .
        
         
           
             Worthy
             Gentlemen
             :
          
        
         
           IF
           in
           this
           brief
           Argument
           (
           which
           here
           treats
           of
           your
           Charters
           ,
           and
           maintains
           your
           priviledges
           )
           there
           be
           any
           thing
           beseeming
           an
           Advocate
           of
           yours
           :
           I
           desire
           the
           intire
           advantage
           thereof
           may
           redound
           solely
           to
           your selves
           .
           For
           indeed
           the
           Merit
           of
           your
           Cause
           is
           such
           ,
           as
           would
           require
           an
           able
           Orator
           :
           and
           when
           I
           first
           applyed
           my self
           to
           serve
           you
           herein
           ,
           I
           perceived
           your
           interest
           was
           the
           same
           as
           the
           Common
           interest
           of
           all
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           that
           could
           have
           no
           termination
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           common
           interest
           of
           our
           Nation
           :
           But
           if
           there
           appear
           any
           Error
           ,
           or
           Fayler
           in
           these
           papers
           :
           if
           the
           workmanship
           be
           found
           too
           unworthy
           of
           the
           stuffe
           :
           I
           shall
           then
           desire
           of
           all
           my
           Readers
           ,
           that
           the
           blame
           may
           be
           onely
           mine
           :
           and
           that
           none
           but
           my self
           may
           suffer
           the
           least
           disadvantage
           by
           my
           defects
           ,
           and
           disabilities
           .
           I
           am
           certain
           all
           wise
           ,
           impartial
           Judges
           will
           distinguish
           betwixt
           that
           which
           is
           mine
           in
           this
           weak
           peece
           ,
           and
           that
           which
           is
           yours
           :
           and
           if
           they
           cast
           some
           disdain
           upon
           me
           for
           not
           
           pleading
           your
           cause
           ,
           as
           I
           might
           :
           they
           will
           not
           proceed
           to
           a
           condemnation
           of
           your
           cause
           ,
           for
           being
           no
           better
           pleaded
           here
           then
           it
           is
           .
        
         
           In
           Queen
           
             Elizabeths
          
           dayes
           a
           Tract
           to
           this
           very
           purpose
           was
           Printed
           by
           Mr.
           
             Wheeler
          
           (
           a
           learned
           Gent
           :
           that
           preceded
           me
           in
           this
           place
           )
           were
           that
           Tract
           now
           re-printed
           ,
           perhaps
           our
           Times
           would
           be
           better
           satisfied
           in
           this
           Case
           .
           It
           came
           not
           to
           my
           fight
           ,
           till
           after
           I
           had
           formed
           the
           lump
           of
           this
           ,
           and
           given
           it
           all
           those
           rude
           lineaments
           almost
           ,
           which
           it
           now
           bears
           :
           and
           I
           was
           induced
           then
           to
           persist
           in
           my
           resolution
           of
           finishing
           this
           ,
           and
           not
           of
           retroceding
           ;
           the
           rather
           ;
           because
           I
           saw
           my
           stile
           and
           method
           varied
           much
           from
           his
           :
           because
           ,
           the
           face
           of
           the
           times
           (
           which
           has
           great
           influence
           upon
           the
           State
           and
           fate
           of
           Merchandize
           )
           was
           not
           the
           same
           when
           He
           wrote
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           now
           :
           ,
           because
           ,
           his
           Tract
           was
           in
           bulk
           more
           then
           twice
           ,
           as
           great
           as
           mine
           ;
           because
           ,
           He
           might
           give
           some
           light
           to
           me
           in
           some
           things
           ,
           and
           I
           adde
           some
           to
           Him
           in
           other
           things
           ;
           and
           so
           both
           might
           be
           more
           effectuall
           for
           the
           ends
           proposed
           by
           both
           ,
           then
           either
           :
           because
           ,
           if
           He
           was
           more
           satisfactory
           in
           matters
           of
           this
           particular
           Company
           ,
           I
           had
           some
           thoughts
           in
           my self
           ,
           that
           I
           was
           more
           proper
           for
           the
           affairs
           of
           Merchants
           in
           generall
           .
           These
           reasons
           kept
           from
           abortion
           this
           Essay
           of
           mine
           at
           that
           time
           :
           but
           for
           how
           long
           a
           space
           it
           was
           repreived
           ,
           I
           cannot
           prognosticate
           :
           nor
           do
           I
           much
           regard
           how
           soon
           its
           fatall
           houre
           approaches
           ,
           so
           the
           businesse
           which
           it
           aymed
           at
           may
           survive
           ,
           and
           prosper
           .
           Gentlemen
           ,
           my
           reputation
           in
           this
           case
           must
           run
           some
           hazard
           ,
           and
           stand
           or
           fall
           ,
           as
           the
           vogue
           of
           this
           age
           pleases
           :
           yet
           my
           intention
           is
           to
           be
           judged
           of
           onely
           by
           you
           ;
           wherefore
           let
           that
           onely
           finde
           your
           fair
           acceptation
           ,
           and
           favourable
           construction
           ,
           and
           that
           shall
           be
           a
           sufficient
           encouragement
           to
        
         
           
             Hamb
             :
             
               Decemb.
               30.
               1647.
               
            
          
           Your
           Worships
           obliged
           ,
           faithfull
           Servant
           ,
           
             HEN
             :
             PARKER
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
       
         
           A
           DISCOURSE
           CONCERNING
           FREEDOM
           OF
           TRADE
           .
        
         
           MAN
           is
           taught
           by
           the
           rules
           of
           Wisdom
           to
           begin
           at
           the
           End
           of
           his
           Actions
           ,
           and
           to
           give
           the
           first
           place
           in
           his
           intention
           ,
           to
           that
           which
           is
           to
           have
           the
           last
           in
           Execution
           .
           Now
           the
           end
           of
           this
           discourse
           is
           improvement
           of
           Trade
           ;
           and
           it
           being
           a
           thing
           of
           late
           much
           controverted
           by
           divers
           ;
           whether
           Freedome
           in
           Trading
           be
           a
           proper
           means
           ,
           or
           no
           ,
           to
           improve
           Trade
           :
           These
           two
           Termes
           
             (
             Freedome
          
           and
           
             Trade
             )
          
           must
           be
           the
           subject
           matter
           of
           this
           Discourse
           .
           As
           for
           
             Trade
          
           the
           word
           is
           plain
           ,
           and
           needs
           no
           explanation
           :
           and
           the
           thing
           is
           as
           obvious
           to
           every
           mans
           understanding
           ,
           and
           so
           needs
           no
           definition
           .
           I
           will
           therefore
           premise
           something
           very
           briefly
           concerning
           the
           value
           ,
           and
           importance
           of
           
             Trade
             ,
          
           that
           my
           
             end
          
           here
           aymed
           at
           ,
           to
           which
           my
           intention
           must
           needs
           give
           the
           precedence
           ,
           may
           not
           seem
           inconsiderable
           to
           any
           :
           and
           then
           cursorily
           from
           my
           first
           Terme
           ,
           I
           shall
           addresse
           my self
           to
           my
           second
           .
        
         
           My
           Lord
           
             Cook
          
           in
           his
           Commentary
           upon
           our
           Great
           Charter
           (
           where
           the
           Merchants
           contentment
           is
           so
           prudently
           provided
           for
           )
           tels
           us
           ,
           that
           Traffick
           is
           the
           Merchants
           livelihood
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           livelihood
           of
           the
           Merchant
           is
           the
           life
           of
           the
           Common-weal
           ,
           such
           as
           the
           King
           himself
           ,
           and
           every
           Subject
           of
           the
           Land
           has
           an
           interest
           in
           .
           He
           observes
           also
           that
           the
           Merchant
           is
           the
           good
           Bayliffe
           of
           the
           Realme
           ,
           aswell
           to
           export
           Native
           ,
           as
           to
           import
           forrain
           Commodities
           for
           the
           benefit
           and
           necessary
           defence
           of
           the
           same
           .
           This
           Politick
           
             Argonante
          
           in
           Law
           amongst
           matters
           of
           Law
           ,
           thinks
           it
           no
           extravagance
           to
           deliver
           his
           judgement
           of
           matters
           in
           
             Trade
             ;
          
           and
           if
           we
           rightly
           analyse
           his
           judgement
           herein
           ,
           we
           shall
           finde
           ,
           
           that
           not
           a
           word
           of
           it
           falls
           to
           the
           earth
           without
           its
           due
           weight
           .
           The
           Merchant
           indeed
           has
           a
           great
           dependance
           upon
           him
           both
           of
           Land
           and
           Water
           men
           ,
           and
           is
           often
           commander
           of
           great
           summes
           of
           ready
           mony
           (
           greater
           then
           other
           men
           commonly
           though
           better
           landed
           ,
           and
           estated
           can
           raise
           upon
           suddaine
           ,
           publick
           exigences
           )
           and
           so
           even
           in
           his
           gowne
           at
           home
           he
           is
           a
           proffitable
           member
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           :
           but
           look
           upon
           him
           in
           his
           imployment
           serving
           the
           State
           by
           his
           traffick
           ,
           and
           so
           he
           is
           more
           then
           profitable
           ,
           He
           is
           necessary
           to
           the
           well
           beeing
           ,
           nay
           to
           the
           beeing
           of
           the
           State
           .
           Those
           things
           which
           he
           exports
           conduce
           perhaps
           more
           to
           profi●
           ,
           and
           things
           imported
           to
           securance
           :
           yet
           t
           is
           well
           intimated
           here
           that
           both
           exportation
           ,
           and
           importation
           do
           conduce
           to
           both
           .
           Native
           Commodities
           more
           immediatly
           afford
           us
           Treasure
           :
           yet
           Treasure
           is
           as
           well
           
             firmamentum
             belli
             ,
          
           as
           
             ornamentum
             pacis
             :
          
           and
           forrain
           commodities
           more
           usually
           are
           materialls
           for
           Shipping
           ,
           Armes
           ,
           supplyes
           in
           times
           of
           dearth
           ,
           and
           distresse
           ,
           &c.
           yet
           somtimes
           we
           retayle
           the
           same
           to
           strangers
           for
           gaine
           ,
           and
           thereby
           convert
           them
           into
           ornaments
           of
           peace
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           instruments
           of
           defence
           .
           How
           prodigiously
           did
           
             Antwerpe
          
           formerly
           in
           a
           very
           few
           yeares
           aggrandize
           it selfe
           ?
           and
           what
           an
           excesse
           of
           splendor
           has
           
             Amsterdam
          
           attaynd
           to
           since
           ?
           yet
           (
           for
           ought
           I
           know
           )
           Nature
           has
           bestowde
           no
           more
           previledge
           upon
           those
           two
           Townes
           whereby
           to
           advance
           themselves
           with
           such
           facility
           :
           then
           it
           has
           upon
           
             Bristoll
             ,
          
           &
           
             Newcastle
          
           amongst
           us
           .
           Sure
           then
           ,
           the
           
             Hollander
          
           and
           
             Fleming
          
           may
           infuse
           this
           secret
           into
           us
           from
           that
           wonderous
           degree
           of
           opulence
           ,
           and
           pompe
           ,
           which
           both
           by
           
             Trade
          
           have
           ascended
           unto
           ▪
           that
           importation
           of
           exotick
           commodities
           ,
           if
           subtilly
           managed
           ,
           may
           become
           as
           great
           an
           improvement
           ,
           as
           exportation
           is
           to
           other●
           It
           is
           visible
           in
           the
           
             Hollander
          
           that
           the
           mines
           of
           
             Perne
          
           are
           as
           serviceable
           to
           Him
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           poore
           
             Iudian
             ,
          
           that
           diggs
           in
           them
           that
           the
           
             F●●…rs
          
           of
           
             Russiia
          
           are
           equally
           parted
           betwixt
           Him
           and
           the
           
             Muscovite
             :
          
           that
           the
           plaines
           of
           
             Cots-would
             ,
          
           and
           
             Lemster
          
           do
           as
           well
           graze
           his
           sheepe
           ,
           as
           they
           do
           the
           
             Englishman
             ▪
          
           And
           there
           was
           a
           time
           when
           the
           
             Antwerpian
          
           might
           have
           boasted
           as
           truly
           ,
           that
           
             Arabia
          
           was
           his
           g●rdine
           ,
           that
           
             Spayne
          
           was
           his
           Orchard
           ,
           that
           
             Norway
          
           was
           his
           Forrest
           .
           That
           City
           (
           t
           is
           true
           )
           which
           abounds
           with
           commodities
           of
           its
           own
           ,
           has
           an
           easier
           ,
           &
           shorter
           way
           to
           prosperity
           then
           that
           City
           which
           
           is
           de●●itate
           of
           the
           like
           helps
           ,
           and
           opportunities
           ,
           and
           yet
           experience
           discovers
           daily
           to
           us
           ,
           that
           some
           Cities
           which
           have
           little
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           being
           industrious
           ,
           slowe
           with
           more
           abundance
           ,
           and
           swim
           in
           greater
           supefluity
           ;
           then
           some
           other
           sloathfull
           Cities
           ,
           that
           naturally
           want
           nothing
           .
           Hence
           is
           the
           difference
           betwixt
           the
           Merchant
           and
           the
           Husbandman
           ,
           the
           Husbandmans
           thrift
           is
           in
           
             vendendo
             ,
          
           not
           
             emendo
          
           as
           old
           
             Cato
          
           tells
           him
           :
           But
           the
           Merchant
           has
           found
           out
           a
           way
           ,
           how
           he
           may
           be
           
             emax
             ,
          
           and
           
             vendax
          
           in
           the
           same
           thing
           ,
           and
           often
           times
           the
           retaylor
           findes
           the
           second
           sale
           more
           beneficiall
           to
           Him
           ,
           then
           the
           first
           was
           to
           the
           Proprietor
           .
           Nay
           even
           the
           more
           unusefull
           Crawmarys
           of
           
             N●rinburgh
          
           though
           they
           argue
           no
           thrift
           in
           them
           ,
           that
           buy
           them
           at
           last
           hand
           ,
           yet
           they
           also
           are
           no
           contemptible
           mines
           of
           Gold
           and
           silver
           to
           those
           which
           make
           ,
           or
           buy
           them
           for
           a
           second
           utterance
           .
           Furthermore
           ,
           if
           from
           Merchandize
           it selfe
           ,
           and
           these
           good
           Bayliffes
           of
           the
           Realme
           ,
           which
           so
           actively
           purvey
           in
           all
           parts
           of
           the
           world
           habitable
           ,
           and
           uninhabitable
           for
           Treasure
           ,
           armes
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           things
           ,
           that
           partain
           to
           pleasure
           ,
           health
           ,
           and
           necessity
           :
           if
           from
           them
           ,
           we
           turn
           to
           the
           instruments
           ,
           of
           their
           negotiations
           our
           Ships
           ,
           the
           wooden
           walls
           ,
           and
           fortification
           of
           our
           State
           ,
           of
           what
           respect
           ought
           these
           to
           be
           ?
           Even
           these
           (
           under
           God
           )
           in
           times
           of
           Peace
           prevent
           War
           :
           in
           times
           of
           War
           procure
           Peace
           :
           in
           times
           of
           plenty
           they
           releive
           our
           Friends
           abroad
           ,
           in
           times
           of
           dearth
           they
           releive
           us
           at
           home
           .
           For
           examples
           ,
           t
           is
           losse
           of
           time
           to
           offer
           any
           in
           this
           argument
           ,
           every
           man
           can
           tell
           how
           stupendiously
           
             Tyre
             ,
             Sydon
             ,
          
           &c.
           of
           old
           ,
           and
           
             Venice
             ,
             Belgia
          
           and
           other
           latter
           Signioryes
           have
           flourisht
           since
           by
           the
           gaines
           of
           Merchandize
           ,
           whilst
           their
           puissance
           ,
           and
           magnificence
           has
           been
           more
           raised
           ,
           and
           propagated
           by
           the
           Merchant
           ,
           then
           either
           by
           the
           Husbandman
           ,
           souldier
           ,
           or
           Scholler
           .
           T
           is
           admirable
           to
           see
           what
           vast
           revenues
           are
           purchast
           by
           some
           Nations
           (
           especially
           where
           Democracy
           takes
           place
           )
           out
           of
           meere
           commerce
           ;
           and
           how
           far
           other
           Nations
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           (
           especially
           such
           as
           are
           swayde
           by
           Monarchs
           )
           though
           more
           commodiously
           situated
           ,
           and
           advantagiously
           qualified
           otherwise
           do
           neglect
           the
           same
           .
           The
           reason
           hereof
           may
           be
           ,
           because
           in
           popular
           States
           the
           Merchant
           usually
           has
           more
           share
           in
           administration
           of
           publick
           affaires
           :
           whereas
           in
           Monarchies
           ,
           those
           that
           have
           the
           charge
           of
           the
           rudder
           ,
           have
           commonly
           little
           
           insight
           into
           Trade
           ,
           and
           as
           little
           regard
           of
           Traders
           .
           Howsoever
           either
           some
           singular
           happinesse
           has
           hitherto
           attended
           
             Spaine
             ,
          
           and
           
             Portugal
             ,
          
           or
           else
           doubtlesse
           the
           feats
           of
           Merchandice
           have
           been
           in
           more
           then
           ordinary
           esteeme
           with
           their
           Kings
           :
           for
           both
           these
           have
           not
           onely
           inriched
           their
           own
           homes
           by
           Sea
           adventures
           ,
           but
           also
           acquired
           thereby
           greater
           Dominions
           then
           their
           own
           .
           For
           indeed
           besides
           those
           purchases
           which
           have
           been
           made
           in
           the
           East
           Indies
           ,
           we
           see
           in
           
             Mexico
             ,
          
           and
           
             Peru
             ,
          
           there
           is
           a
           new
           Hemisphere
           adjoyned
           now
           to
           that
           old
           half
           world
           ,
           which
           the
           
             Assyrians
             ,
             Persians
             ,
             Grecians
             ,
             Romans
          
           with
           so
           much
           sweat
           ,
           and
           blood
           laboured
           to
           subjugate
           heretofore
           .
           And
           if
           the
           Sun
           find
           no
           degree
           in
           all
           his
           circuit
           ,
           where
           He
           can
           obscure
           himself
           from
           the
           Crown
           of
           
             Spaines
          
           Subjects
           ;
           the
           thanks
           thereof
           is
           due
           to
           the
           Art
           of
           an
           old
           Navigator
           :
           and
           probably
           had
           
             Hen
             :
             7.
          
           given
           as
           much
           credit
           to
           
             Columbus
          
           as
           
             Ferdinand
          
           did
           ,
           either
           the
           
             Austrian
          
           Family
           had
           not
           spread
           its
           wings
           so
           wide
           ,
           or
           the
           Kings
           of
           
             England
          
           had
           not
           been
           so
           closely
           intrenched
           within
           the
           foure
           British
           Seas
           ,
           as
           now
           they
           are
           .
           But
           I
           purposely
           wave
           the
           ostentation
           of
           many
           ,
           and
           great
           instances
           ,
           and
           therefore
           the
           whole
           weight
           of
           this
           Argument
           shall
           onely
           be
           hung
           upon
           the
           single
           epitome
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           of
           this
           pety
           jurisdiction
           here
           ,
           wherein
           we
           now
           reside
           .
        
         
           All
           the
           Land-intradoes
           ,
           which
           tillage
           or
           pasturage
           yeelds
           to
           this
           Town
           of
           
             Hamburgh
          
           are
           not
           much
           more
           considerable
           then
           some
           Gentlemen
           and
           Esquires
           inherit
           in
           
             England
             ;
          
           yet
           the
           wilde
           Ocean
           ,
           as
           these
           restlesse
           Copemen
           plow
           it
           with
           their
           Fleetes
           ,
           and
           harrow
           it
           with
           their
           nets
           ;
           (
           though
           they
           creep
           into
           that
           too
           through
           a
           River
           ,
           not
           wholly
           at
           their
           command
           )
           is
           forced
           to
           pay
           them
           as
           great
           a
           Tribute
           ,
           and
           ample
           a
           rent
           as
           three
           the
           richest
           and
           goodliest
           Counties
           of
           
             England
          
           are
           annually
           worth
           .
           Neverthelesse
           
             England
          
           more
           abounding
           with
           all
           habiliments
           ,
           and
           necessary
           accommodations
           of
           Trade
           ,
           and
           seeming
           to
           be
           as
           much
           courted
           by
           the
           circumambient
           Sea
           ,
           as
           any
           part
           of
           the
           Universe
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           incouragement
           to
           her
           Merchants
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           Plantators
           abroad
           owes
           little
           of
           her
           grandour
           ,
           and
           power
           to
           that
           Element
           .
           Forrein
           Nations
           easily
           become
           greater
           gainers
           by
           trading
           into
           
             England
             ,
          
           then
           the
           
             English
          
           can
           by
           trading
           abroad
           :
           't
           is
           too
           probable
           ,
           that
           forrein
           Merchants
           reserve
           an
           intire
           gain
           to
           themselves
           out
           of
           all
           their
           own
           ▪
           Commodities
           brought
           in
           hither
           :
           
           yet
           share
           a
           half
           profit
           with
           us
           ,
           in
           all
           our
           Commodities
           exported
           hence
           by
           them
           .
           And
           thus
           whilest
           we
           leave
           many
           benefits
           to
           our
           emulous
           hostile
           neighbours
           ,
           which
           by
           the
           same
           industry
           (
           as
           they
           commendably
           use
           )
           might
           by
           us
           be
           anticipated
           to
           our
           own
           behoof
           ;
           our
           own
           supine
           sluggishnesse
           is
           the
           cause
           that
           we
           remain
           so
           much
           the
           weaker
           ,
           and
           our
           Enemies
           become
           so
           much
           the
           stronger
           .
           Thus
           much
           of
           the
           advantages
           of
           traffick
           ;
           thus
           much
           of
           the
           necessity
           of
           that
           noble
           profession
           ,
           which
           teaches
           us
           to
           be
           the
           curious
           ,
           &
           laborious
           marriners
           of
           all
           the
           worlds
           Oceans
           ,
           Straits
           ,
           and
           Creeks
           ;
           if
           we
           have
           any
           desire
           to
           be
           more
           formidable
           to
           our
           Enemies
           ,
           or
           more
           aidfull
           to
           our
           Friends
           ,
           or
           more
           gainfull
           to
           our selves
           ,
           this
           may
           be
           held
           sufficient
           .
        
         
           From
           the
           benefit
           ,
           I
           come
           now
           to
           the
           Freedom
           of
           
             Trade
             :
          
           I
           mean
           ,
           that
           particular
           degree
           of
           freedom
           ,
           which
           is
           at
           this
           day
           pleaded
           for
           ,
           and
           patroniz'd
           by
           some
           ,
           that
           professe
           themselves
           no
           unfriends
           to
           Trade
           .
           Herein
           this
           method
           shall
           conduct
           me
           :
           In
           the
           first
           place
           ,
           I
           shall
           inquire
           ,
           whether
           that
           Freedom
           ,
           which
           is
           affected
           by
           these
           times
           can
           stand
           with
           due
           order
           ,
           and
           discipline
           ,
           or
           not
           :
           secondly
           ,
           whether
           Trade
           probably
           can
           flourish
           ,
           or
           not
           ,
           without
           due
           order
           and
           discipline
           :
           and
           in
           the
           last
           place
           ,
           I
           shall
           answer
           such
           Arguments
           ,
           as
           are
           framed
           for
           liberty
           ,
           and
           do
           militate
           against
           our
           Order
           and
           Discipline
           .
        
         
           
             Liberty
          
           in
           a
           right
           acception
           ,
           and
           understanding
           ,
           is
           that
           which
           delivers
           ,
           and
           exempts
           us
           from
           some
           evill
           noxious
           ,
           and
           offensive
           to
           us
           ;
           such
           as
           is
           oppression
           ,
           too
           much
           restraint
           ,
           &c.
           but
           it
           includes
           not
           any
           wilde
           condition
           ,
           such
           as
           leaves
           us
           loosly
           in
           all
           things
           to
           our
           own
           discretion
           .
           That
           famous
           
             Roman
             ,
          
           that
           had
           the
           happines
           to
           set
           
             Greece
          
           (
           in
           that
           age
           the
           Eye
           of
           the
           world
           )
           at
           liberty
           ,
           and
           did
           break
           in
           sunder
           the
           yoke
           of
           
             Macedon
             ,
          
           when
           He
           saw
           in
           the
           people
           too
           much
           wantonnesse
           ,
           and
           immoderation
           ,
           He
           advised
           them
           to
           more
           continencie
           ,
           and
           to
           retire
           into
           narrower
           bounds
           ;
           
             Vt
             saltem
             meram
             libertatem
             non
             haurirent
             .
          
           Herein
           he
           seemed
           wisely
           to
           distinguish
           betwixt
           that
           sheere
           ,
           unmixt
           freedom
           ,
           which
           uses
           to
           intoxicate
           us
           ,
           and
           to
           bring
           detriment
           ,
           and
           danger
           with
           it
           ;
           and
           that
           allayed
           ,
           or
           mixt
           freedom
           ,
           which
           God
           ,
           and
           Nature
           have
           made
           so
           sweet
           to
           all
           Generous
           mindes
           :
           whose
           property
           it
           is
           ever
           ,
           to
           set
           restraints
           to
           it self
           in
           some
           things
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           to
           take
           restraints
           
           off
           from
           us
           in
           other
           .
           In
           politicks
           ,
           there
           are
           Free
           Monarchs
           ,
           and
           there
           are
           Free
           Subjects
           :
           and
           the
           freedom
           of
           Monarchs
           is
           not
           incompatible
           with
           the
           freedom
           of
           Subjects
           :
           for
           neither
           is
           it
           necessary
           to
           the
           freedom
           of
           a
           Prince
           ,
           that
           He
           should
           be
           unlimitable
           in
           all
           things
           ,
           and
           beyond
           controll
           as
           well
           when
           He
           destroys
           ,
           as
           when
           He
           saves
           :
           nor
           to
           the
           freedome
           of
           a
           Subject
           to
           live
           absolved
           from
           all
           Laws
           ,
           and
           obedience
           .
           Without
           all
           question
           ,
           He
           is
           the
           freest
           Prince
           that
           has
           the
           most
           power
           to
           do
           good
           ,
           and
           the
           least
           to
           do
           harm
           :
           and
           He
           is
           the
           freest
           Subject
           ,
           who
           is
           to
           pay
           his
           obedience
           to
           the
           mildest
           Laws
           ,
           and
           indulgentest
           Magistrates
           .
           So
           in
           Ethicks
           :
           He
           injoyes
           the
           purest
           and
           most
           refined
           freedome
           in
           his
           own
           breast
           ,
           which
           has
           the
           least
           furious
           passion
           to
           serve
           ,
           and
           the
           least
           impetuous
           appetite
           to
           master
           ;
           not
           He
           that
           is
           becalmed
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           and
           finds
           no
           mobility
           at
           all
           in
           his
           spirit
           .
           The
           variovs
           Luminaries
           in
           Heaven
           have
           their
           distinct
           magnitudes
           ,
           motions
           ,
           and
           stations
           :
           and
           the
           blessed
           Intelligences
           in
           the
           Heaven
           of
           heavens
           (
           nay
           even
           those
           spirits
           that
           are
           falne
           from
           blessednesse
           )
           retain
           severall
           distances
           of
           power
           ,
           place
           ,
           and
           office
           .
           All
           these
           things
           prove
           to
           us
           ,
           that
           restraint
           ,
           and
           liberty
           ,
           are
           relative
           things
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           be
           accounted
           simply
           good
           ,
           or
           simply
           bad
           in
           themselves
           .
           When
           restraint
           deprives
           us
           of
           that
           good
           which
           is
           in
           temperate
           liberty
           it
           degenerates
           into
           oppression
           :
           when
           it
           onely
           saves
           to
           us
           that
           good
           ,
           which
           is
           in
           harmonious
           order
           ,
           it
           is
           fully
           answerable
           to
           Liberty
           .
           So
           liberty
           when
           it
           onely
           discharges
           us
           from
           that
           evill
           ,
           which
           is
           in
           oppression
           ,
           it
           approaches
           to
           the
           perfection
           of
           Order
           :
           but
           when
           it
           dissolves
           all
           Order
           ,
           it
           precipitates
           us
           headlong
           into
           confusion
           .
        
         
           
             Liberty
          
           is
           either
           intensive
           ,
           or
           extensive
           ,
           and
           both
           wayes
           it
           must
           be
           reduced
           to
           a
           just
           standart
           :
           for
           if
           it
           be
           in
           degree
           too
           void
           of
           temperature
           ,
           and
           qualification
           the
           ruder
           sediment
           of
           the
           people
           cannot
           bear
           it
           ,
           it
           strangely
           inebriates
           them
           :
           and
           if
           the
           degree
           of
           it
           be
           moderate
           ,
           yet
           the
           dilatation
           of
           it
           to
           too
           many
           makes
           it
           incommodious
           .
           There
           are
           two
           vitious
           extreames
           in
           government
           ;
           the
           one
           is
           rigorous
           ,
           and
           makes
           nothing
           lawfull
           ,
           or
           safe
           to
           any
           :
           the
           other
           is
           remisse
           ,
           and
           leaves
           all
           things
           free
           and
           safe
           to
           all
           :
           now
           by
           the
           consent
           of
           all
           ;
           that
           extreame
           ,
           which
           straitens
           too
           much
           ,
           is
           not
           so
           desperately
           ill
           ,
           as
           that
           which
           inlarges
           too
           much
           .
           The
           reason
           is
           ,
           because
           those
           which
           govern
           are
           fewer
           in
           number
           then
           
           the
           governed
           :
           and
           therefore
           clashing
           ,
           and
           confusion
           (
           which
           must
           needs
           inevitably
           follow
           ,
           where
           all
           limits
           ,
           and
           restraints
           are
           taken
           away
           )
           is
           lesse
           dammageable
           amongst
           a
           few
           ,
           then
           it
           would
           be
           amongst
           many
           .
        
         
           Liberty
           therefore
           may
           well
           be
           compared
           to
           fresh
           waters
           ,
           it
           is
           potable
           ,
           and
           sweet
           whilst
           it
           endures
           a
           just
           confinement
           in
           the
           vaines
           and
           channells
           of
           the
           earth
           .
           But
           when
           it
           once
           refundes
           it selfe
           into
           the
           bosome
           of
           the
           briny
           
             Ocean
             ,
          
           it
           retaynes
           no
           longer
           its
           former
           relli●h
           .
           And
           even
           so
           we
           must
           censure
           of
           Liberty
           by
           the
           last
           ,
           whilest
           it
           produces
           good
           effects
           it
           remains
           Liberty
           ,
           the
           name
           and
           thing
           agree
           well
           :
           but
           when
           it
           supplyes
           to
           us
           no
           good
           at
           all
           ,
           or
           bereaves
           us
           of
           some
           good
           greater
           then
           it
           supplyes
           ,
           it
           remaines
           no
           more
           then
           the
           shadow
           ,
           or
           meere
           misnomer
           of
           Liberty
           .
           
             Exempli
             gratiâ
             :
          
           If
           all
           Land-inclosures
           were
           every where
           layde
           open
           ,
           and
           all
           evidences
           cancelled
           ,
           upon
           which
           mens
           private
           interests
           ,
           and
           proprieties
           depend
           ,
           many
           poore
           men
           would
           expect
           to
           have
           their
           conditions
           meliorated
           ;
           yet
           undoubtedly
           their
           expectations
           at
           last
           would
           faile
           them
           ;
           and
           together
           with
           community
           in
           all
           things
           a
           generall
           confusion
           of
           all
           persons
           ,
           and
           things
           would
           breake
           in
           to
           the
           fatall
           destruction
           both
           of
           poore
           and
           rich
           .
        
         
           Our
           common
           Proverbe
           puts
           us
           rightly
           in
           mind
           ,
           that
           he
           which
           dwells
           every where
           ,
           dwells
           no where
           :
           that
           every
           mans
           interest
           is
           no
           mans
           intrest
           ,
           &
           that
           every
           mans
           businesse
           is
           no
           mans
           busines
           :
           now
           this
           being
           true
           in
           matters
           of
           Husbandry
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           other
           interests
           ,
           and
           negotiations
           ,
           why
           should
           it
           not
           be
           as
           true
           in
           matters
           of
           commerce
           ,
           for
           if
           agriculture
           generally
           be
           more
           necessary
           then
           trade
           :
           and
           if
           confusion
           in
           agriculture
           be
           more
           mischeivous
           then
           confusion
           in
           Trade
           ,
           yet
           by
           the
           same
           consequence
           confusion
           in
           trade
           ?
           is
           as
           mischievous
           to
           Traders
           ,
           as
           confusion
           in
           tillage
           would
           be
           amongst
           those
           that
           till
           the
           earth
           .
        
         
           Thus
           much
           of
           the
           word
           
             Freedome
          
           generally
           taken
           ,
           I
           must
           now
           speake
           more
           particularly
           of
           that
           Freedome
           ,
           whose
           expedience
           ,
           or
           inexpedience
           is
           so
           much
           question'd
           in
           the
           busines
           of
           Trade
           .
        
         
           
             Freedome
          
           and
           
             restraint
          
           are
           things
           opposite
           (
           we
           see
           )
           yet
           both
           admitting
           of
           severall
           degrees
           ,
           and
           limitations
           ,
           they
           are
           not
           so
           opposite
           but
           that
           some
           kinde
           of
           restraint
           may
           be
           reconciled
           to
           some
           kinde
           of
           freedome
           ,
           for
           in
           as
           much
           as
           it
           is
           sometimes
           convenient
           
           to
           be
           restrained
           ,
           though
           not
           alwaies
           ,
           and
           from
           all
           things
           ;
           and
           sometimes
           it
           is
           inconvenient
           to
           be
           loosed
           ,
           or
           inlarged
           though
           not
           alwaies
           ,
           and
           from
           all
           things
           :
           in
           regard
           that
           restraint
           at
           sometimes
           onely
           upholds
           Order
           ,
           and
           liberty
           at
           other
           times
           introduces
           confusion
           :
           Our
           mayne
           Quaere
           ,
           is
           onely
           this
           ;
           Whether
           that
           restraint
           in
           Trade
           which
           hitherto
           has
           been
           establish't
           amongst
           such
           and
           such
           Companies
           of
           Merchants
           ,
           be
           conducing
           to
           Order
           ,
           or
           no
           :
           And
           whether
           that
           Freedome
           of
           Trade
           which
           irregular
           Interlopers
           dispute
           for
           be
           the
           usher
           of
           confusion
           ,
           or
           no
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           just
           discussion
           of
           this
           ,
           the
           benefit
           of
           Order
           ,
           regulation
           ,
           and
           approved
           discipline
           amongst
           Merchants
           ,
           is
           to
           be
           considered
           and
           brought
           into
           the
           scole
           of
           this
           hand
           ,
           whilst
           the
           advantage
           of
           opennes
           ,
           loosenesse
           ,
           and
           unconfinednesse
           in
           trading
           is
           to
           be
           brought
           into
           the
           other
           .
        
         
           For
           out
           of
           all
           question
           ,
           liberty
           is
           not
           to
           be
           poized
           by
           the
           meer
           sound
           of
           its
           name
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           solid
           priviledges
           which
           it
           brings
           with
           it
           ,
           &
           in
           like
           manner
           restraint
           is
           not
           to
           be
           rejected
           except
           one
           ly
           for
           the
           certaine
           ,
           substantiall
           disadvantages
           which
           are
           found
           to
           accompany
           it
           .
           Let
           us
           then
           draw
           up
           an
           exact
           ballance
           .
        
         
           The
           1.
           
           Benefit
           which
           we
           now
           injoy
           by
           our
           government
           ,
           and
           incorporation
           is
           in
           things
           appertaining
           to
           Gods
           worship
           ,
           &
           the
           true
           Religion
           :
           though
           we
           live
           amongst
           
             Lutherans
             ,
             Papists
             ,
             Jews
             ,
             Mahometans
             ,
             Pagans
             :
          
           Yet
           we
           have
           a
           free
           exercise
           of
           our
           Religion
           ,
           and
           in
           some
           places
           the
           Ordinances
           are
           as
           duly
           ,
           profitably
           ,
           and
           comfortably
           administerd
           amongst
           us
           ,
           as
           if
           we
           were
           in
           the
           besome
           of
           our
           own
           Church
           .
        
         
           How
           much
           this
           priviledge
           tends
           to
           the
           honor
           of
           God
           ,
           the
           propagation
           of
           the
           true
           faith
           ,
           how
           much
           to
           the
           prosperity
           of
           trade
           (
           Godlinesse
           having
           not
           onely
           the
           promises
           of
           the
           world
           to
           come
           ,
           but
           also
           of
           this
           life
           )
           &
           how
           much
           to
           be
           bewail'd
           the
           want
           of
           the
           Word
           ,
           and
           Sacraments
           is
           amongst
           our
           Merchants
           in
           
             Spaine
             ,
             Italy
             ,
             Portugal
             ;
          
           let
           all
           men
           judge
           .
           Yet
           how
           this
           divine
           blessing
           can
           be
           continued
           amongst
           us
           ,
           after
           that
           we
           are
           bound
           together
           by
           no
           links
           of
           Association
           ,
           but
           that
           we
           may
           trade
           at
           large
           arbitrarily
           where
           we
           list
           ,
           how
           we
           list
           ,
           and
           when
           we
           list
           ,
           is
           worthy
           to
           be
           considered
           ;
           and
           I
           beleive
           all
           men
           who
           have
           a
           true
           sence
           ,
           and
           tincture
           of
           Religion
           in
           their
           hearts
           will
           consider
           it
           
           seriously
           .
           The
           next
           benefit
           is
           in
           matters
           of
           Justice
           :
           Though
           we
           are
           far
           distant
           from
           our
           own
           Judges
           &
           Courts
           ,
           and
           cannot
           have
           timely
           recourse
           to
           the
           remedie
           of
           our
           owne
           Laws
           ,
           nay
           though
           we
           should
           otherwise
           be
           exposed
           to
           the
           snares
           ,
           and
           rigors
           of
           forrein
           Laws
           ,
           and
           Magistrates
           ,
           we
           are
           now
           (
           in
           matters
           where
           appeale
           is
           not
           requisite
           )
           tryed
           by
           men
           of
           our
           own
           Religion
           ,
           of
           our
           own
           Nation
           ,
           and
           education
           ,
           and
           such
           also
           as
           are
           present
           upon
           the
           place
           .
        
         
           All
           Partners
           that
           enter
           into
           a
           joynt
           Trade
           for
           the
           most
           part
           Covenant
           here
           mutually
           ,
           and
           voluntarily
           in
           all
           cases
           of
           dispute
           ,
           and
           doubt
           to
           stand
           to
           the
           judgment
           of
           this
           Court
           ,
           I
           never
           saw
           any
           Indentures
           hitherto
           without
           that
           expresse
           clause
           in
           them
           .
           Nay
           even
           strangers
           here
           have
           often
           declined
           their
           owne
           Tribunals
           ,
           and
           submitted
           their
           cases
           to
           our
           decisions
           ,
           and
           I
           never
           yet
           heard
           of
           any
           of
           them
           that
           departed
           not
           from
           our
           Court
           fully
           satisfied
           both
           with
           our
           Justice
           ,
           and
           expedition
           :
           it
           cannot
           therefore
           be
           expected
           ,
           that
           our
           own
           Merchants
           which
           know
           so
           well
           what
           a
           priviledge
           it
           is
           to
           be
           judged
           by
           Merchants
           ,
           especially
           being
           present
           upon
           the
           place
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           guide
           their
           judgments
           by
           the
           same
           Merchants
           Law
           ,
           as
           is
           in
           force
           in
           
             England
             ,
          
           should
           not
           set
           a
           great
           price
           upon
           this
           especiall
           priviledge
           .
           
             Hen
             :
          
           the
           4th
           .
           and
           
             Hen
             :
          
           the
           7th
           .
           were
           as
           wise
           Kings
           as
           ever
           raign'd
           in
           
             England
             ,
          
           and
           when
           the
           one
           of
           them
           granted
           our
           Charter
           ,
           &
           the
           other
           inlarged
           the
           same
           ,
           the
           main
           consideration
           ,
           which
           both
           of
           them
           had
           in
           their
           eyes
           ,
           was
           the
           prevention
           of
           many
           mischeifs
           empeachments
           ,
           &
           obstructions
           which
           at
           that
           time
           sensibly
           oppressed
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           confounded
           Trade
           ,
           
             ob
             defectum
             boni
             ,
             &
             sani
             Regiminis
             .
          
        
         
           A
           Third
           Benefit
           which
           we
           are
           now
           capable
           of
           by
           being
           incorporated
           into
           Companies
           is
           ,
           that
           hereby
           we
           are
           inabled
           to
           do
           many
           egregious
           works
           of
           charity
           ,
           which
           by
           our
           disfranchisement
           would
           all
           be
           utterly
           lost
           ,
           and
           extinguisht
           .
        
         
           The
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           are
           but
           one
           branch
           of
           the
           Merchants
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           and
           the
           Merchants
           here
           residing
           are
           but
           one
           branch
           of
           the
           Merchants
           Adventurers
           ,
           yet
           how
           many
           hundreds
           has
           this
           branch
           sustained
           ,
           and
           releived
           in
           cases
           of
           necessity
           ?
           and
           how
           many
           widowes
           ,
           and
           poore
           families
           doth
           it
           constantly
           feed
           and
           refresh
           ?
           About
           16
           yeers
           since
           ,
           when
           the
           expedition
           of
           Marquise
           
             Halmilton
          
           had
           miscarried
           here
           in
           
             Germany
          
           many
           ,
           sick
           ,
           distressed
           souldiers
           that
           were
           the
           wofull
           splinters
           of
           his
           broken
           ararmy
           
           came
           hither
           ,
           and
           were
           not
           onely
           saved
           from
           perishing
           ,
           but
           also
           shipt
           for
           
             England
          
           at
           this
           Companies
           charge
           .
           M
           :
           
             Ant
             :
             Beding-field
          
           was
           then
           our
           Deacon
           ,
           and
           had
           the
           charge
           of
           the
           poores
           box
           ,
           he
           is
           now
           a
           Parliament
           man
           ,
           and
           can
           averre
           upon
           his
           knowledge
           that
           this
           society
           issued
           no
           lesse
           at
           that
           time
           within
           6
           months
           space
           then
           400
           pound
           ,
           for
           such
           devout
           purposes
           .
        
         
           A
           Fourth
           Benefit
           afforded
           by
           our
           present
           Governments
           ,
           is
           ,
           that
           hereby
           we
           are
           render'd
           far
           more
           considerable
           instruments
           to
           serve
           and
           honour
           our
           own
           Country
           ,
           then
           else
           we
           should
           be
           ,
           and
           that
           not
           onely
           in
           Trade
           ,
           but
           also
           in
           diverse
           other
           eminent
           ,
           publick
           Offices
           .
        
         
           As
           we
           are
           now
           imbodied
           ,
           and
           compacted
           ,
           we
           can
           by
           our
           common
           seales
           raise
           great
           summes
           of
           mony
           :
           We
           are
           in
           a
           qualification
           to
           entertaine
           Princes
           ,
           to
           oblige
           Cities
           ,
           to
           procure
           right
           ,
           and
           timely
           intelligence
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           to
           prevent
           publick
           misunderstandings
           :
           and
           so
           to
           merit
           much
           oftentimes
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           from
           whence
           we
           are
           .
        
         
           That
           formidable
           
             Armado
          
           which
           in
           1588
           was
           designed
           to
           swallow
           us
           up
           ,
           had
           inprobability
           been
           far
           more
           fatall
           then
           it
           was
           if
           it
           had
           been
           appointed
           sooner
           ,
           and
           arrived
           when
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
          
           was
           not
           so
           well
           appointed
           as
           it
           found
           her
           afterwards
           .
           And
           yet
           this
           is
           well
           known
           ,
           that
           
             Gr●sham
          
           and
           other
           Merchants
           by
           taking
           up
           the
           monys
           at
           
             Genoa
             ,
          
           and
           our
           Company
           by
           doing
           the
           like
           at
           
             Keeler
             Mart
          
           in
           
             Holsteine
             :
          
           did
           so
           prevent
           
             Philip
          
           that
           his
           Invasion
           was
           retarded
           thereby
           for
           a
           whole
           year
           ,
           and
           that
           retardment
           being
           so
           much
           to
           the
           disadvantage
           of
           
             Spaine
             ,
          
           and
           to
           the
           advantage
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           was
           under
           God
           a
           powerfull
           meanes
           of
           preserving
           us
           .
           
             Charles
          
           the
           5th
           .
           by
           calculation
           found
           that
           in
           
             Antwerpe
             20000
          
           Soules
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           the
           Low
           Countries
           at
           least
           60000
           had
           a
           lively-hood
           ,
           and
           subsistance
           from
           the
           
             English
          
           Trade
           :
           wherefore
           when
           he
           was
           very
           resolute
           to
           bring
           the
           inquisition
           into
           
             Antwerpe
             ,
          
           and
           remained
           unmoovable
           against
           all
           other
           arguments
           ,
           and
           supplications
           of
           that
           Town
           :
           yet
           this
           motive
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Engl●sh
          
           Company
           would
           be
           dislodged
           by
           introducing
           of
           that
           rigor
           ,
           diverted
           him
           from
           his
           purpose
           .
        
         
           Also
           when
           the
           same
           
             Charles
          
           had
           transferred
           all
           his
           signiories
           ,
           &
           Dominions
           to
           his
           son
           
             Philip
             ,
          
           that
           branch
           of
           the
           Merchant
           Adventures
           appeared
           in
           gallant
           state
           to
           grace
           those
           Solemnities
           ,
           
           consuming
           above
           2000
           Crowns
           in
           sumptuous
           furniture
           ,
           shewes
           and
           triumphall
           arches
           .
           In
           the
           yeer
           1581.
           likewise
           the
           Duke
           of
           
             Alanson
          
           in
           the
           same
           City
           was
           entertained
           by
           80
           
             English
          
           Merchants
           of
           the
           same
           Company
           ,
           all
           bravely
           mounted
           on
           horse
           back
           ,
           apparelled
           in
           black
           velvet
           ,
           &
           most
           of
           them
           with
           brooches
           &
           chains
           of
           gold
           about
           their
           necks
           :
           for
           which
           they
           received
           thanks
           from
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
          
           and
           the
           Lords
           of
           her
           Councell
           .
           The
           King
           of
           
             Bohemia
             ,
          
           and
           some
           of
           our
           Kings
           
             Nephews
          
           (
           besides
           diverse
           Embassadors
           )
           have
           found
           some
           seemly
           receptions
           also
           from
           us
           here
           at
           
             Hamburgh
             ,
          
           and
           from
           our
           brethren
           at
           
             Roterdam
             ,
          
           upon
           severall
           occasions
           ,
           but
           I
           forbeare
           prolixity
           in
           this
           point
           .
           An
           other
           excellent
           singular
           Benefit
           of
           our
           government
           is
           ,
           that
           thereby
           we
           are
           put
           into
           a
           capacity
           of
           injoying
           all
           that
           is
           good
           and
           profitable
           in
           union
           ,
           and
           all
           that
           is
           good
           ,
           and
           profitable
           in
           division
           withall
           .
           Take
           away
           that
           Order
           ,
           and
           Harmony
           that
           is
           now
           setled
           amongst
           us
           ,
           and
           has
           been
           setled
           by
           all
           our
           Kings
           ,
           and
           countenanced
           by
           all
           our
           Parliaments
           from
           
             Hen
             :
          
           the
           4th
           .
           till
           this
           very
           day
           ,
           and
           as
           fully
           confirmed
           by
           this
           Parliament
           as
           by
           any
           :
           and
           our
           Trade
           will
           become
           instantly
           both
           stragling
           ,
           and
           confused
           :
           and
           as
           a
           stragling
           Trade
           will
           deprive
           us
           of
           whatsoever
           is
           good
           in
           union
           ,
           so
           a
           confused
           Trade
           will
           abridge
           us
           of
           all
           that
           is
           good
           in
           a
           due
           method
           ,
           and
           distribution
           .
        
         
           This
           may
           be
           demonstrated
           most
           plainly
           in
           a
           military
           bodie
           :
           20000
           men
           well
           armed
           ,
           and
           imbattaild
           ,
           are
           of
           greater
           force
           ,
           then
           40000
           drawn
           together
           in
           an
           unformed
           ,
           undigested
           heap
           ;
           and
           when
           that
           shall
           be
           accounted
           an
           Army
           of
           so
           many
           Souldiers
           effective
           ,
           this
           shall
           be
           despised
           as
           a
           rout
           of
           so
           many
           men
           rudely
           conglomerated
           ,
           and
           thronged
           together
           .
           For
           't
           is
           not
           sufficient
           that
           there
           be
           together
           in
           one
           Feild
           a
           due
           proportion
           of
           Commanders
           and
           Souldiers
           ,
           of
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ,
           of
           Arms
           offensive
           ,
           and
           defensive
           :
           all
           these
           must
           be
           severally
           ranged
           ,
           and
           distantly
           imployed
           :
           the
           Commander
           must
           move
           here
           ,
           the
           Souldier
           there
           ,
           the
           Horse
           must
           charge
           here
           ,
           the
           Foot
           there
           ;
           such
           a
           Regiment
           must
           be
           assigned
           its
           post
           here
           ,
           such
           a
           Brigade
           must
           advance
           there
           :
           wise
           men
           know
           experimentally
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           an
           art
           in
           division
           sometimes
           ,
           such
           as
           in
           many
           cases
           gives
           life
           to
           Union
           :
           and
           it
           is
           as
           true
           on
           the
           contrary
           :
           that
           the
           queintest
           division
           makes
           miserable
           Musick
           ,
           when
           it
           is
           not
           subservient
           to
           Union
           .
           For
           let
           a
           Battail
           be
           
           marshall'd
           in
           all
           its
           members
           ,
           and
           parts
           according
           to
           the
           most
           exact
           rules
           of
           souldery
           either
           ancient
           ,
           or
           moderne
           :
           yet
           if
           the
           Trumpets
           sound
           contrary
           points
           of
           warre
           ,
           if
           the
           superior
           Commanders
           give
           contrary
           Orders
           ,
           if
           all
           these
           curiously
           fashion'd
           digestions
           ,
           and
           divisions
           be
           not
           inspirited
           with
           one
           ,
           joynt
           designe
           ,
           which
           like
           the
           soul
           is
           to
           over-rule
           all
           the
           Organs
           ,
           what
           can
           be
           expected
           from
           this
           great
           ,
           moliminous
           frame
           ?
           Now
           if
           we
           make
           any
           doubt
           whether
           or
           no
           the
           use
           of
           Tacticks
           be
           as
           great
           in
           mercatorian
           ,
           as
           in
           military
           affairs
           let
           us
           come
           to
           neerer
           application
           ,
           and
           bend
           our selves
           to
           consider
           ,
           as
           well
           what
           the
           want
           of
           union
           ,
           as
           what
           the
           want
           of
           distribution
           usually
           occasions
           amongst
           Traders
           .
        
         
           Union
           amongst
           Merchants
           cannot
           be
           denyed
           to
           be
           of
           exceeding
           great
           importance
           ,
           for
           in
           all
           places
           where
           we
           six
           our
           residence
           ,
           we
           see
           ,
           it
           makes
           as
           more
           valuable
           ,
           and
           acceptable
           :
           Whilest
           we
           are
           lookt
           upon
           as
           an
           orderly
           ,
           united
           Society
           ,
           we
           are
           known
           to
           be
           able
           to
           make
           ,
           or
           divert
           a
           Trade
           in
           or
           from
           any
           one
           Town
           ,
           or
           Province
           .
           How
           soon
           was
           
             Bruges
          
           in
           
             Flanders
          
           despoyl'd
           of
           its
           fame
           ,
           and
           opulence
           after
           our
           Company
           withdrew
           from
           it
           ?
           and
           how
           soon
           did
           
             Antwerpe
          
           transcend
           
             Bruges
          
           in
           fame
           ,
           and
           opulence
           after
           our
           Commodities
           were
           stapled
           in
           
             Brabant
             ?
          
           When
           't
           was
           too
           late
           ,
           
             Bruges
             ,
          
           besides
           inlargement
           of
           former
           priviledges
           ,
           could
           offer
           us
           moneys
           ,
           and
           descend
           to
           strange
           intreaties
           for
           the
           wooing
           and
           winning
           of
           our
           return
           :
           but
           
             Antwerpe
          
           had
           first
           prevailed
           with
           us
           ,
           and
           having
           prevailed
           ,
           it
           sent
           forth
           its
           Magistrates
           to
           meet
           ,
           and
           welcome
           us
           with
           processions
           .
           And
           well
           it
           was
           for
           
             Antwerpe
             ,
          
           that
           the
           
             English
          
           were
           so
           taken
           with
           their
           civilities
           ,
           for
           in
           the
           space
           of
           60
           or
           70
           yeers
           ,
           whereas
           it
           had
           ,
           before
           it
           was
           our
           Mart
           ,
           not
           above
           foure
           able
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           six
           Ships
           ,
           it
           became
           the
           glorious
           Magazine
           of
           all
           Europe
           .
           The
           like
           instance
           might
           be
           given
           in
           
             Stodt
             ,
          
           and
           
             Hamburgh
             ,
          
           the
           same
           cause
           that
           now
           makes
           
             Hamburgh
          
           rich
           ,
           did
           once
           do
           the
           like
           at
           
             Stodt
             :
          
           and
           the
           same
           cause
           that
           made
           
             Stodt
          
           poore
           ,
           may
           hereafter
           perhaps
           work
           the
           same
           effect
           in
           
             Hamburgh
             .
          
           Who
           sees
           not
           therefore
           that
           from
           the
           benefit
           which
           strangers
           receive
           from
           us
           ,
           whilest
           we
           are
           thus
           associated
           ,
           and
           made
           capable
           of
           marrying
           our
           Company
           to
           them
           ,
           arise
           those
           reciprocall
           obligations
           ,
           and
           speciall
           dowries
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           which
           they
           by
           their
           concordates
           confirm
           unto
           us
           ?
           Where
           we
           are
           unprofitable
           ,
           we
           must
           
           expect
           to
           be
           held
           despicable
           :
           and
           what
           extraordinary
           profit
           can
           other
           Nations
           expect
           from
           our
           Merchants
           ,
           when
           they
           appear
           onely
           as
           so
           many
           individuall
           persons
           ,
           or
           stragling
           Traders
           .
        
         
           The
           
             English
          
           had
           at
           the
           
             Narre
          
           in
           
             Leisland
          
           a
           good
           Trade
           ,
           and
           good
           sales
           for
           our
           Native
           Commodities
           for
           a
           while
           ,
           but
           about
           1565.
           divers
           stragling
           Merchants
           resorted
           thither
           out
           of
           
             England
          
           and
           so
           brought
           themselves
           ,
           and
           their
           wares
           into
           great
           contempt
           .
           Divers
           of
           them
           went
           about
           the
           Town
           with
           Cloth
           in
           their
           arms
           ,
           and
           Measures
           in
           their
           hands
           ,
           and
           so
           when
           they
           had
           shamefully
           imbased
           our
           
             English
          
           Draperies
           ,
           to
           the
           disreputation
           of
           our
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           decay
           of
           themselves
           ,
           the
           Lords
           of
           the
           Councell
           at
           the
           next
           Parliament
           were
           inforced
           ,
           for
           prevention
           of
           the
           like
           sordid
           ,
           Pedlar-like
           traffick
           thereafter
           ,
           to
           comprise
           the
           
             Narre
          
           within
           the
           
             Muscovie
          
           Companies
           Charter
           .
        
         
           Thus
           is
           Union
           ,
           or
           a
           politick
           Association
           amongst
           Merchants
           ,
           beneficiall
           to
           the
           places
           where
           we
           trade
           ,
           and
           by
           resultance
           beneficiall
           to
           our selves
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           last
           resort
           beneficiall
           to
           our
           whole
           Nation
           :
           for
           all
           these
           interests
           are
           so
           interweaved
           ,
           that
           the
           benefit
           of
           the
           Stranger
           is
           requited
           with
           the
           benefit
           of
           the
           
             English
          
           Merchant
           ;
           and
           the
           benefit
           of
           the
           
             English
          
           Merchant
           is
           to
           be
           regarded
           as
           the
           benefit
           of
           the
           
             English
          
           Nation
           .
           For
           in
           some
           things
           that
           which
           immediately
           advantages
           the
           
             English
          
           Merchant
           ,
           advantages
           mediately
           the
           
             English
          
           Nation
           :
           even
           as
           in
           other
           things
           that
           which
           immediately
           brings
           prosperity
           to
           the
           
             English
          
           Nation
           ,
           mediately
           brings
           prosperity
           to
           the
           
             English
          
           Merchant
           .
           This
           is
           to
           illustrate
           the
           Commodities
           which
           flowe
           from
           our
           Union
           ,
           now
           the
           Commodities
           which
           flowe
           from
           a
           due
           distribution
           ,
           and
           division
           in
           Trade
           are
           no
           lesse
           visible
           .
           The
           whole
           world
           almost
           is
           now
           aptly
           cantoniz'd
           amongst
           several
           Societies
           of
           our
           Merchants
           ,
           whilest
           some
           trade
           East
           ,
           some
           West
           ,
           some
           neerer
           ,
           some
           further
           off
           ;
           and
           were
           it
           not
           for
           this
           apt
           partition
           ,
           it
           would
           unavoidably
           fall
           out
           ,
           that
           some
           Mart
           Towns
           would
           prove
           over-pester'd
           ,
           or
           like
           a
           Common
           of
           Pasture
           over-layd
           ,
           whilest
           others
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           would
           be
           left
           utterly
           unfrequented
           .
           And
           sure
           if
           the
           world
           were
           not
           spacious
           enough
           for
           a
           ●our
           Traders
           ,
           some
           pretence
           might
           be
           framed
           ,
           why
           all
           men
           ought
           to
           be
           licenced
           in
           all
           places
           :
           but
           since
           the
           contrary
           is
           most
           true
           ,
           and
           no
           man
           is
           so
           straited
           for
           want
           of
           roome
           ,
           but
           that
           He
           may
           trade
           in
           some
           places
           to
           his
           own
           advantage
           ,
           though
           he
           be
           bounded
           that
           he
           may
           not
           trade
           in
           all
           places
           
           to
           other
           mens
           disadvantage
           :
           nothing
           but
           an
           emulous
           desire
           to
           interfere
           with
           others
           ,
           and
           to
           incumber
           trade
           could
           provoke
           men
           to
           be
           opposite
           to
           our
           regular
           distributions
           .
           I
           need
           not
           amplifie
           hereupon
           ,
           t
           is
           enough
           that
           I
           further
           refer
           to
           the
           example
           of
           our
           thriving
           Neighbours
           in
           
             Holland
             ;
          
           whosoever
           will
           behold
           Order
           in
           its
           beauty
           ,
           and
           perfection
           amongst
           Merchants
           there
           ,
           He
           may
           observe
           them
           so
           politickly
           associated
           ,
           and
           their
           Associations
           so
           equally
           distributed
           ,
           that
           no
           one
           impedes
           the
           other
           abroad
           ,
           nor
           no
           one
           Town
           ingrosses
           all
           Trading
           to
           it self
           at
           home
           .
        
         
           Hitherto
           I
           have
           instanced
           in
           the
           manifold
           expediences
           of
           Order
           ,
           and
           Government
           ,
           especially
           in
           matters
           of
           piety
           ,
           equity
           ,
           charity
           ,
           and
           policy
           as
           well
           in
           relation
           to
           the
           Common
           weal
           of
           Merchants
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           Common-weal
           of
           
             England
             :
          
           now
           whether
           there
           be
           any
           thing
           in
           freedom
           of
           Trading
           that
           can
           preponderate
           ,
           and
           excell
           all
           these
           ,
           I
           leave
           to
           all
           sober
           men
           to
           discern
           ;
           if
           there
           be
           ,
           I
           wish
           it
           may
           prevail
           ,
           and
           obtain
           a
           just
           preference
           before
           all
           these
           :
           if
           there
           be
           not
           ,
           more
           need
           not
           be
           inferred
           out
           of
           these
           premisses
           :
           sober
           men
           cannot
           be
           affected
           with
           the
           name
           ,
           or
           empty
           sound
           of
           a
           relative
           ,
           that
           is
           rather
           to
           be
           judged
           by
           its
           circumstances
           ,
           effects
           ,
           and
           additions
           then
           by
           it self
           :
           sober
           men
           cannot
           but
           distinguish
           betwixt
           that
           true
           freedome
           which
           alwayes
           dis-inthrals
           us
           of
           some
           evill
           ,
           and
           that
           shadowy
           ghost
           of
           freedome
           ,
           which
           often
           denudes
           us
           of
           our
           greatest
           priviledges
           .
           I
           hope
           I
           have
           now
           discharged
           ,
           what
           was
           to
           be
           expected
           from
           me
           in
           my
           first
           point
           ,
           and
           made
           it
           apparent
           that
           the
           freedom
           in
           Trade
           which
           is
           to
           be
           admeasured
           ,
           and
           ballanced
           with
           all
           these
           expediences
           here
           enumerated
           had
           not
           need
           to
           be
           of
           large
           extension
           .
        
         
           It
           remains
           now
           that
           I
           come
           to
           my
           next
           head
           ,
           and
           therein
           inquire
           whether
           trade
           be
           likely
           to
           flourish
           or
           no
           ,
           being
           stripped
           ,
           and
           robbed
           of
           all
           those
           powers
           and
           preeminences
           which
           our
           Charters
           convey
           to
           us
           .
        
         
           I
           have
           hitherto
           lookt
           upon
           Merchants
           as
           Travaylers
           sojourning
           abroad
           ,
           I
           must
           now
           come
           neerer
           ,
           and
           looke
           upon
           them
           as
           very
           Merchants
           ,
           buying
           ,
           selling
           ,
           bartering
           ,
           bargaining
           ,
           &c.
           with
           other
           Nations
           ;
           &
           from
           generall
           Order
           ,
           and
           harmony
           amongst
           Merchants
           ,
           I
           must
           come
           to
           instance
           in
           such
           ,
           and
           such
           species
           of
           that
           Order
           ,
           and
           harmony
           ,
           which
           has
           hitherto
           been
           so
           fortunate
           to
           them
           .
           And
           first
           let
           us
           looke
           into
           that
           provision
           of
           our
           Government
           ,
           which
           limits
           the
           education
           ,
           and
           admission
           of
           Apprentices
           ,
           &
           though
           I
           have
           not
           leisure
           to
           cite
           all
           our
           rules
           concerning
           the
           
           same
           which
           are
           very
           many
           ,
           &
           each
           of
           them
           very
           usefull
           ,
           yet
           consider
           the
           
             sumum
             genus
          
           it self
           ,
           see
           if
           the
           breeding
           of
           Apprentices
           be
           not
           absolutely
           necessary
           .
           Grant
           to
           all
           without
           exception
           an
           open
           license
           to
           trade
           at
           large
           ,
           &
           who
           will
           indure
           the
           strict
           duty
           and
           bondage
           of
           Apprenticehood
           ?
           and
           yet
           without
           that
           strict
           duty
           ,
           and
           bondage
           ,
           who
           can
           be
           sufficiently
           instructed
           ,
           and
           prepared
           to
           gaine
           all
           those
           Arts
           ,
           and
           subtilties
           ,
           which
           we
           know
           are
           absolutely
           necessary
           to
           all
           Traders
           .
           In
           all
           sciences
           ,
           and
           occupations
           breeding
           is
           necessary
           ,
           but
           amongst
           Merchants
           it
           is
           more
           then
           ordinarily
           necessary
           :
           For
           if
           Divines
           may
           pretend
           somthing
           to
           divine
           ,
           secret
           illapses
           from
           above
           ;
           and
           souldiers
           by
           their
           generall
           tacticks
           learned
           in
           one
           Countrey
           ,
           may
           be
           qualified
           for
           command
           in
           all
           Countries
           ;
           and
           if
           agriculture
           be
           a
           skill
           that
           depends
           much
           upon
           naturall
           sagacity
           :
           yet
           with
           Merchants
           't
           is
           far
           otherwise
           .
           For
           unto
           a
           Merchant
           not
           onely
           a
           breeding
           ,
           but
           a
           particular
           breeding
           in
           such
           or
           such
           a
           place
           ,
           in
           such
           or
           such
           a
           Trade
           is
           requisite
           .
           He
           that
           is
           experienced
           to
           trade
           in
           
             Russia
          
           is
           not
           thereby
           inabled
           to
           trade
           in
           
             Spaine
             ,
          
           and
           he
           that
           can
           deale
           warily
           enough
           with
           
             Indians
             ,
             Turks
          
           and
           
             Barbarians
             ,
          
           is
           not
           alwaies
           prepared
           enough
           to
           cope
           with
           the
           
             Jews
             ,
          
           Hans
           Townes
           ,
           and
           
             Hollanders
             .
          
           Questionlesse
           to
           license
           all
           men
           to
           trade
           without
           breeding
           ,
           nay
           without
           the
           particular
           advertisements
           ,
           and
           preparations
           of
           such
           a
           breeding
           is
           to
           send
           men
           naked
           into
           battell
           ,
           and
           to
           render
           them
           up
           as
           a
           prey
           to
           vulpine
           ,
           circumventing
           neighbours
           .
           I
           might
           here
           take
           occasion
           to
           commend
           the
           training
           up
           of
           our
           Youths
           on
           this
           side
           the
           seas
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           publickly
           advantagious
           ,
           there
           being
           infused
           into
           them
           thereby
           somthing
           of
           the
           Souldier
           ,
           and
           somthing
           of
           the
           Scholler
           ,
           and
           indeed
           (
           if
           I
           am
           not
           deceived
           )
           there
           is
           commonly
           instilled
           somthing
           into
           them
           ,
           that
           better
           qualifies
           them
           to
           serve
           the
           State
           ,
           then
           what
           we
           see
           in
           meere
           Schollers
           or
           Souldiers
           .
           I
           wish
           our
           young
           gallants
           which
           learn
           in
           
             France
          
           to
           weare
           ribbons
           ,
           and
           in
           
             Spain
          
           and
           
             Italy
          
           to
           be
           perfidious
           ,
           and
           do
           worse
           things
           ,
           did
           alwayes
           return
           home
           as
           much
           improved
           ,
           and
           as
           well
           accomplisht
           as
           our
           Merchants
           use
           to
           do
           .
           But
           this
           is
           not
           within
           my
           lists
           ,
           and
           that
           thought
           shall
           supersede
           me
           .
        
         
           For
           our
           next
           evidence
           ,
           we
           may
           appeal
           unto
           our
           many
           Orders
           made
           to
           prevent
           ,
           and
           reform
           ,
           the
           ill
           and
           faulty
           making
           or
           Cloth
           ,
           and
           other
           
             English
          
           woollen
           Commodities
           ,
           without
           which
           Orders
           all
           our
           Manufactures
           would
           be
           falsified
           ,
           and
           corrupted
           ,
           and
           consequently
           
           our
           Nation
           disparaged
           ,
           all
           buyers
           of
           Cloth
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           abroad
           abused
           ,
           and
           Trade
           it self
           much
           desolated
           .
           At
           the
           sollicitation
           of
           our
           Merchants
           ,
           wholsome
           Statutes
           have
           been
           Enacted
           ,
           and
           to
           second
           them
           strict
           Proclamations
           have
           been
           publisht
           :
           and
           to
           back
           them
           the
           Merchants
           have
           appointed
           Officers
           ,
           furnisht
           stipends
           ,
           and
           applyed
           divers
           other
           preventions
           ,
           that
           our
           Draperies
           might
           be
           kept
           to
           their
           just
           measures
           ,
           weights
           ,
           and
           numbers
           ;
           yet
           we
           find
           all
           is
           too
           little
           .
           The
           Clothiers
           begin
           to
           sophisticate
           of
           late
           more
           then
           ever
           ,
           and
           all
           our
           power
           will
           be
           insufficient
           to
           withstand
           them
           ;
           except
           the
           State
           reach
           forth
           their
           helping
           hands
           yet
           further
           ;
           and
           do
           more
           exactly
           poize
           both
           our
           ends
           and
           pretensions
           .
           The
           clamors
           of
           the
           Clothiers
           against
           the
           Merchants
           priviledges
           arise
           chiefly
           from
           this
           offence
           ,
           though
           they
           are
           commonly
           palliated
           with
           other
           pretexts
           ,
           and
           t
           is
           a
           wondrous
           thing
           ,
           that
           when
           they
           are
           sensibly
           gainers
           by
           transgressing
           Laws
           ,
           and
           we
           are
           as
           sensibly
           at
           a
           charge
           to
           maintain
           them
           ,
           they
           should
           be
           so
           well
           ,
           and
           we
           so
           ill
           interpreted
           .
        
         
           In
           my
           Lord
           
             Cooks
          
           opinion
           nine
           parts
           of
           ten
           of
           all
           our
           
             English
          
           Staple
           Commodities
           ,
           are
           such
           as
           we
           sheere
           from
           the
           Sheeps
           back
           ,
           we
           had
           need
           therefore
           be
           carefull
           how
           abuses
           break
           in
           upon
           us
           in
           these
           Commodities
           ,
           and
           how
           we
           countenance
           those
           that
           are
           the
           abusers
           ,
           and
           yet
           thereby
           discountenance
           the
           zealous
           reformers
           of
           the
           same
           .
           M
           :
           
             Anth
             :
             Wither
          
           is
           now
           a
           Justice
           of
           Peace
           about
           
             London
             ,
          
           He
           was
           once
           imployed
           by
           the
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           besides
           others
           about
           reforming
           of
           these
           abuses
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           inquired
           what
           a
           liberall
           yeerly
           stipend
           He
           obtained
           for
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           third
           place
           we
           may
           produce
           our
           many
           prudent
           Orders
           against
           mis-shipping
           ,
           whereby
           ,
           first
           ,
           the
           Shipping
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           is
           the
           better
           maintained
           ,
           in
           as
           much
           as
           by
           our
           government
           it
           is
           not
           permitted
           to
           any
           particular
           men
           for
           cheapnesse
           sake
           either
           to
           ship
           in
           forrein
           bottoms
           ,
           or
           in
           vessels
           of
           our
           own
           that
           are
           undefensible
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           by
           our
           regularity
           in
           shipping
           many
           fraudulent
           attempts
           of
           such
           as
           use
           to
           steal
           customes
           ,
           bribe
           searchers
           ,
           colour
           strangers
           goods
           ,
           &c.
           are
           disappointed
           .
           Thirdly
           ,
           by
           the
           due
           observation
           of
           our
           rules
           ,
           whilest
           we
           ship
           our
           goods
           hand
           in
           hand
           together
           we
           go
           stronger
           through
           the
           Seas
           ,
           are
           in
           lesse
           fear
           of
           Rovers
           ,
           and
           other
           dangers
           .
           We
           also
           are
           lesse
           injurious
           to
           our
           common
           Trade
           ,
           yea
           and
           to
           particular
           persons
           amongst
           ourselves
           :
           in
           as
           much
           as
           now
           we
           forestall
           not
           one
           another
           ,
           nor
           bring
           
           down
           our
           common
           prices
           by
           the
           precipitate
           haste
           of
           some
           few
           ;
           by
           this
           means
           also
           forrein
           buyers
           are
           accommodated
           by
           their
           certainty
           ,
           knowing
           in
           due
           season
           when
           to
           repair
           to
           our
           Marts
           ;
           and
           we
           are
           not
           disaccommodated
           by
           our
           uncertainty
           ,
           because
           we
           know
           when
           to
           sell
           ,
           and
           when
           to
           forbear
           selling
           ,
           and
           thereby
           we
           keep
           our
           Commodities
           from
           being
           blown
           upon
           ,
           either
           by
           having
           our
           .
           Ware-houses
           too
           full
           at
           sometimes
           ,
           or
           too
           empty
           at
           others
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           fourth
           place
           ,
           the
           many
           Cautions
           ,
           Orders
           made
           by
           us
           for
           the
           reglement
           of
           our
           sales
           may
           justly
           be
           here
           cited
           :
           by
           some
           of
           these
           ,
           we
           are
           limited
           to
           such
           certain
           shew-dayes
           partly
           for
           our
           own
           ease
           ,
           and
           partly
           for
           the
           buyers
           advantage
           .
           The
           Cities
           of
           
             Lubeck
          
           and
           
             Bremen
          
           have
           lately
           been
           urgent
           with
           us
           to
           set
           more
           shew-dayes
           here
           at
           
             Hamburgh
          
           then
           two
           in
           a
           week
           :
           but
           we
           seeing
           our
           Trade
           no
           ampler
           ,
           then
           it
           is
           at
           present
           ,
           found
           the
           inconvenience
           of
           altring
           our
           Shew
           dayes
           ,
           and
           so
           denied
           them
           satisfaction
           in
           that
           point
           .
           By
           others
           of
           our
           Orders
           we
           are
           restrained
           from
           giving
           gratifications
           to
           Merchants
           or
           Brokers
           ,
           from
           all
           pety
           sales
           ,
           and
           retails
           ,
           which
           (
           if
           allowed
           )
           would
           reduce
           us
           soon
           to
           ignoble
           ,
           vulgar
           Pedlars
           :
           by
           others
           we
           are
           bound
           from
           giving
           credit
           without
           liquid
           Bils
           ,
           and
           specialties
           ,
           also
           from
           pawning
           Bils
           ,
           or
           rebating
           under
           such
           a
           certain
           rate
           ,
           and
           hereby
           we
           prevent
           ma●y
           Suits
           with
           strangers
           ,
           and
           many
           strifes
           amongst
           our selves
           .
           By
           others
           we
           are
           inhibited
           from
           allowing
           Tare
           out
           of
           the
           Mart
           Town
           ,
           or
           out
           of
           due
           time
           ,
           or
           without
           due
           inspection
           :
           and
           we
           are
           all
           convinced
           ,
           that
           were
           it
           not
           for
           regulation
           in
           this
           matter
           of
           Tare
           ,
           there
           were
           no
           abiding
           in
           
             Germany
             .
          
           How
           our
           Trade
           languishes
           in
           
             Holland
          
           at
           this
           time
           by
           reason
           of
           Oppression
           in
           matter
           of
           Tare
           is
           known
           too
           well
           ,
           our
           Councell
           Table
           in
           King
           
             James
          
           his
           dayes
           took
           notice
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           sought
           the
           redresse
           of
           it
           :
           and
           sure
           our
           Merchants
           hitherto
           have
           onely
           continued
           trading
           there
           ,
           out
           of
           some
           hope
           of
           better
           times
           ,
           and
           conditions
           hereafter
           ,
           as
           Husbandmen
           use
           to
           manure
           the
           earth
           in
           times
           of
           dearth
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           in
           times
           of
           plenty
           .
           Commissioners
           from
           
             Lubeck
          
           and
           
             Bremen
          
           seconded
           by
           the
           Senate
           of
           this
           Town
           have
           assailed
           us
           lately
           ,
           and
           eagerly
           pressed
           us
           to
           allow
           the
           same
           Tare
           ,
           as
           is
           in
           
             Holland
             ,
          
           but
           our
           answer
           was
           resolute
           ,
           that
           rather
           then
           to
           submit
           to
           such
           a
           thraldome
           we
           should
           be
           forced
           to
           abandon
           all
           Trade
           in
           
             Germany
             .
          
        
         
           Many
           more
           instances
           then
           these
           (
           if
           it
           were
           not
           for
           prolixity
           )
           
           might
           be
           made
           :
           but
           as
           those
           which
           have
           any
           knowledge
           in
           Merchandice
           will
           acknowledge
           these
           are
           matters
           of
           grand
           moment
           ,
           and
           importance
           :
           so
           to
           other
           men
           that
           are
           ignorant
           ,
           or
           carelesse
           of
           our
           affairs
           ,
           more
           would
           be
           to
           little
           purpose
           .
           I
           will
           onely
           adde
           this
           ,
           that
           as
           we
           injoy
           many
           conveniencies
           by
           being
           an
           united
           ,
           imbodied
           Fraternity
           ,
           so
           by
           vertue
           of
           the
           same
           we
           are
           guarded
           and
           protected
           from
           many
           inconveniences
           .
           As
           we
           have
           a
           jurisdiction
           amongst
           us
           ,
           we
           are
           inabled
           upon
           all
           new
           emergencies
           to
           contravene
           new
           devised
           arts
           of
           fraud
           ,
           and
           circumvention
           in
           bargaining
           ,
           selling
           ,
           &c.
           by
           making
           new
           Orders
           against
           them
           .
        
         
           Also
           as
           we
           are
           a
           Corporation
           ,
           we
           are
           armed
           thereby
           with
           a
           competence
           of
           power
           to
           inforce
           ,
           &
           execute
           our
           Orders
           so
           made
           ,
           and
           if
           any
           violence
           of
           forrein
           States
           ,
           and
           Potentates
           contrary
           to
           our
           Intercourses
           ,
           and
           Treaties
           of
           amitie
           enterposes
           to
           our
           prejudice
           ,
           or
           if
           any
           new
           Tolls
           ,
           imposts
           ,
           or
           exactions
           oppresse
           us
           ,
           we
           are
           in
           this
           posture
           better
           qualified
           to
           relieve
           ,
           or
           vindicate
           our selves
           ,
           then
           else
           we
           should
           be
           .
           A
           thousand
           private
           men
           intending
           their
           own
           particular
           interests
           as
           so
           many
           particular
           men
           ,
           having
           no
           common
           purse
           ,
           nor
           publick
           Officers
           to
           solicite
           the
           busines
           of
           them
           all
           ,
           cannot
           expect
           that
           authority
           with
           forrein
           States
           ,
           nor
           hope
           to
           make
           so
           vigorous
           a
           resistance
           against
           oppressions
           and
           innovasions
           ,
           as
           one
           hundred
           Merchants
           may
           ,
           that
           are
           closely
           linked
           ,
           and
           cemented
           together
           under
           one
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           policie
           .
           For
           want
           of
           such
           policie
           ,
           all
           other
           Nations
           were
           long
           since
           eaten
           out
           of
           their
           Trade
           by
           the
           
             Antwerpians
             ,
          
           and
           
             Esterlings
             ,
          
           and
           had
           the
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           been
           destitute
           of
           those
           powers
           ,
           and
           immunities
           which
           
             Hen
             :
          
           the
           4th
           .
           
             Hen
             :
          
           the
           7th
           .
           and
           other
           famous
           Kings
           of
           
             England
          
           establisht
           amongst
           them
           ,
           they
           also
           had
           been
           long
           since
           driven
           out
           of
           Trade
           in
           like
           manner
           .
        
         
           One
           man
           is
           woolvish
           to
           another
           ,
           as
           the
           old
           Proverbe
           advertises
           ,
           nay
           when
           Bears
           will
           not
           prey
           upon
           Bears
           ,
           nor
           woolfes
           upon
           woolfes
           ,
           man
           will
           scarce
           prey
           upon
           any
           other
           then
           man
           .
           And
           yet
           this
           notwithstanding
           private
           man
           to
           private
           man
           is
           not
           so
           unnaturall
           ;
           as
           Nation
           is
           to
           Nation
           :
           for
           amongst
           particular
           〈◊〉
           the
           primary
           Lawes
           of
           our
           Creation
           ,
           which
           injoyne
           us
           to
           do
           as
           we
           would
           be
           done
           unto
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           kindest
           to
           them
           that
           are
           nee●est
           in
           kinde
           ,
           are
           not
           so
           totally
           abrogated
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           eraced
           on
           of
           our
           consciences
           ,
           as
           they
           are
           amongst
           Nations
           .
        
         
           If
           there
           be
           any
           fiercer
           feude
           ,
           and
           violenter
           antipathy
           then
           
           other
           ,
           t
           is
           commonly
           seem
           amongst
           those
           States
           that
           are
           most
           consanguineous
           ,
           and
           neerest
           conjoyned
           in
           other
           relations
           ,
           and
           as
           for
           doing
           to
           other
           Nations
           ,
           as
           we
           would
           have
           done
           unto
           us
           ;
           that
           sems
           a
           ridiculous
           principle
           amongst
           Stats-men
           ,
           inasmuch
           as
           to
           do
           justice
           to
           a
           stranger
           when
           he
           is
           plaintiffe
           against
           a
           Native
           ,
           is
           no
           lesse
           reputed
           then
           to
           do
           injustice
           to
           a
           Native
           :
           and
           to
           let
           slip
           any
           advantage
           whatsoever
           that
           is
           offered
           us
           of
           spoyling
           forreiners
           ,
           is
           the
           same
           accounted
           as
           to
           spoile
           domesticks
           .
        
         
           Republicks
           have
           no
           breasts
           ,
           or
           seats
           where
           any
           such
           thing
           as
           conscience
           or
           true
           honour
           can
           reside
           ;
           were
           it
           not
           for
           fear
           of
           requital
           ,
           and
           return
           of
           injuries
           from
           those
           that
           are
           injured
           ,
           all
           people
           would
           be
           at
           the
           same
           passe
           ,
           as
           
             Argiers
          
           is
           now
           at
           .
        
         
           That
           bold
           
             Roman
          
           that
           expostulated
           with
           
             Alexander
             ,
          
           why
           it
           might
           not
           be
           as
           lawfull
           for
           him
           to
           seize
           boats
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           for
           Princes
           to
           invade
           whole
           Empires
           ,
           seemed
           to
           conceive
           that
           the
           Laws
           of
           Nature
           extended
           to
           communities
           of
           men
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           to
           individualls
           :
           but
           alas
           that
           would
           neither
           justifie
           his
           private
           roving
           at
           sea
           ;
           nor
           condemne
           
             Alexanders
          
           royall
           roving
           by
           land
           .
        
         
           In
           matters
           of
           warre
           Monarchies
           especially
           ,
           and
           in
           matters
           of
           Trade
           Republicks
           ,
           lay
           hold
           of
           all
           advantages
           ,
           as
           if
           their
           patrimoniall
           rights
           were
           never
           bounded
           by
           any
           thing
           but
           invincible
           difficulties
           ,
           and
           necessities
           ,
           nor
           honour
           had
           any
           rules
           to
           measure
           things
           by
           but
           those
           of
           profit
           ,
           and
           disprofit
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           the
           reason
           why
           the
           
             Jewish
          
           Lumbards
           are
           odious
           for
           their
           excessive
           gains
           exacted
           ,
           and
           extorted
           out
           of
           all
           such
           as
           they
           contract
           with
           ,
           and
           therefore
           are
           pursued
           as
           petty
           Pirats
           :
           but
           the
           
             Hollanders
          
           and
           
             Hans
          
           Townes
           for
           the
           same
           exploits
           done
           more
           publickly
           are
           extolled
           as
           great
           Merchants
           ,
           nay
           are
           crowned
           as
           glorious
           Conquerors
           .
           We
           that
           live
           here
           in
           
             Hamburgh
             ,
          
           and
           our
           Brethren
           in
           
             Holland
          
           are
           too
           sensible
           of
           this
           :
           our
           often
           removals
           from
           one
           Mart
           Town
           to
           another
           ,
           to
           ease
           our selves
           of
           insupportable
           pressures
           most
           fedifragously
           brought
           in
           upon
           us
           ,
           have
           preserved
           that
           life
           in
           our
           
             English
          
           Trade
           that
           is
           yet
           remaining
           in
           it
           :
           yet
           the
           vast
           expences
           of
           our
           removings
           have
           left
           us
           in
           a
           sad
           condition
           .
        
         
           This
           concludes
           my
           two
           first
           points
           :
           I
           am
           now
           in
           order
           to
           answer
           such
           arguments
           as
           are
           brought
           for
           a
           
             free
             Trade
             ,
          
           and
           such
           objections
           as
           are
           urged
           against
           our
           priviledged
           way
           of
           Trading
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           Argument
           is
           founded
           upon
           this
           maxime
           :
           
             Bonum
             quo
             
             communius
             ,
             eo
             melius
             :
          
           If
           Merchandize
           (
           say
           our
           Adversaries
           )
           be
           good
           for
           the
           Common-weal
           ,
           then
           the
           more
           common
           it
           is
           made
           ,
           the
           more
           open
           it
           is
           layd
           ,
           the
           more
           good
           it
           will
           convey
           to
           us
           .
           But
           all
           grant
           Merchandize
           to
           be
           good
           
             ●rgo
             .
             Ans.
          
           To
           detect
           the
           fallacies
           of
           this
           Argument
           :
           we
           must
           confesse
           that
           this
           maxime
           is
           true
           of
           all
           such
           good
           things
           as
           are
           absolutely
           ,
           or
           infinitely
           good
           :
           yet
           we
           may
           deny
           that
           Merchandize
           is
           either
           absolutely
           ,
           or
           infinitely
           good
           .
           For
           first
           ,
           Merchandize
           
             secundum
             quid
             ,
          
           that
           is
           ,
           if
           it
           be
           rightly
           managed
           ,
           and
           regulated
           may
           be
           profitable
           to
           such
           a
           man
           ,
           or
           such
           a
           State
           :
           but
           (
           we
           all
           see
           )
           that
           Merchandize
           at
           sometimes
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           good
           government
           ,
           and
           order
           ,
           undoes
           many
           private
           men
           ,
           and
           in
           their
           undoing
           proves
           injurious
           to
           the
           State
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           Merchandize
           may
           be
           reckoned
           amongst
           good
           things
           ,
           but
           not
           amongst
           things
           infinitely
           good
           ,
           therefore
           though
           the
           diffusion
           ,
           or
           inlargement
           of
           it
           may
           bring
           profit
           to
           the
           State
           unto
           such
           bounds
           ,
           and
           degrees
           ;
           yet
           this
           is
           no
           proof
           ,
           but
           that
           there
           are
           bounds
           ,
           and
           degrees
           beyond
           which
           it
           may
           not
           be
           diffused
           ,
           nor
           can
           be
           inlarged
           without
           disprofit
           .
           Those
           good
           things
           which
           are
           ample
           enough
           to
           satisfie
           all
           ,
           may
           be
           extended
           to
           all
           ,
           and
           the
           further
           they
           are
           extended
           ,
           the
           more
           good
           they
           do
           :
           but
           Trade
           is
           not
           of
           that
           amplitude
           as
           to
           satisfie
           all
           men
           in
           all
           places
           ,
           and
           at
           all
           times
           ,
           and
           therefore
           not
           within
           the
           same
           Maxime
           .
           If
           there
           were
           in
           the
           fruits
           ,
           and
           increase
           of
           the
           earth
           an
           over-flowing
           abundance
           to
           sustain
           all
           ,
           and
           answer
           all
           mens
           desires
           without
           our
           labour
           and
           sweat
           ,
           then
           hedges
           and
           ditches
           would
           be
           to
           no
           purpose
           :
           but
           since
           the
           earth
           is
           not
           so
           profuse
           of
           its
           favours
           ,
           nor
           so
           immense
           in
           its
           revenues
           ,
           we
           must
           maintain
           mounds
           ,
           and
           terriers
           ;
           priority
           of
           possession
           ,
           expence
           of
           toyl
           ,
           purchase
           ,
           &c.
           must
           be
           regarded
           ,
           or
           else
           we
           shall
           all
           be
           soon
           at
           a
           losse
           .
        
         
           Before
           the
           Land
           of
           Canaan
           was
           fully
           stockt
           ,
           
             Abraham
          
           and
           
             Lot
          
           might
           intercommon
           freely
           ,
           and
           graze
           their
           Herds
           sociably
           in
           all
           places
           where
           they
           travelled
           ;
           but
           in
           processe
           of
           time
           ,
           when
           their
           flocks
           became
           more
           numerous
           ,
           and
           when
           consequently
           the
           surface
           of
           that
           milk-and
           honey
           flowing
           Countrey
           began
           to
           shrink
           before
           them
           ,
           they
           were
           both
           necessitated
           to
           journey
           severall
           wayes
           ,
           and
           to
           provide
           for
           themselves
           more
           ●…x●
           ,
           and
           distinct
           habitations
           .
           The
           water
           is
           a
           more
           unmeasured
           element
           then
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           therefore
           formerly
           it
           was
           ever
           held
           a
           common
           patrimony
           to
           all
           :
           yet
           since
           Navigation
           is
           improved
           to
           this
           degree
           ,
           
           even
           this
           also
           is
           now
           disterminated
           ,
           and
           made
           subject
           to
           imaginary
           lives
           for
           avoiding
           of
           incroachments
           ,
           and
           strife
           about
           fishings
           ,
           &c.
           
           And
           not
           onely
           navigable
           Rivers
           ,
           but
           Seas
           ,
           and
           Oceans
           begin
           to
           submit
           to
           particular
           Proprieties
           ,
           and
           to
           own
           the
           speciall
           prerogatives
           of
           such
           ,
           and
           such
           signiors
           .
           Lawyers
           say
           ,
           
             Cujus
             est
             Solum
             ,
             ejus
             est
             etiamusque
             ad
             Coelum
             :
          
           wherefore
           if
           neither
           Aire
           ,
           Water
           ,
           nor
           Land
           resist
           the
           Laws
           of
           propriety
           ,
           we
           cannot
           think
           the
           Trade
           of
           Merchants
           is
           a
           thing
           more
           emptie
           ,
           and
           uncapable
           of
           limits
           and
           rules
           ,
           then
           any
           of
           the
           Elements
           :
           if
           our
           grounds
           may
           be
           pester'd
           with
           cattell
           ;
           if
           Ponds
           may
           be
           over-stockt
           with
           Fish
           ;
           if
           the
           several
           Climates
           of
           the
           lower
           Region
           be
           severally
           peopled
           ,
           and
           frequented
           with
           fowl
           that
           seem
           to
           understand
           their
           severall
           seasons
           :
           we
           can
           hardly
           imagine
           that
           such
           a
           Countrey
           ,
           or
           such
           a
           Mart
           Town
           in
           such
           a
           Countrey
           should
           not
           be
           over-charged
           with
           too
           great
           a
           confluence
           of
           Merchants
           .
        
         
           Second
           Argument
           .
           That
           which
           seizes
           too
           great
           matters
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           too
           few
           ,
           and
           so
           is
           in
           the
           nature
           of
           a
           Monopoly
           ,
           has
           been
           alwayes
           condemned
           as
           a
           preventing
           Trade
           ,
           and
           held
           injurious
           to
           the
           major
           part
           of
           mankind
           :
           but
           such
           is
           the
           Trade
           which
           priviledged
           ,
           and
           incorporated
           Merchants
           drive
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           
             Ans.
          
           The
           force
           of
           this
           Objection
           is
           ,
           that
           if
           Trade
           may
           not
           be
           set
           at
           liberty
           to
           all
           ,
           yet
           it
           may
           be
           set
           at
           liberty
           to
           more
           then
           it
           is
           ,
           except
           we
           will
           incur
           the
           name
           and
           blame
           of
           Monopolists
           .
           In
           behalf
           of
           the
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           who
           have
           ,
           I
           think
           ,
           the
           fullest
           Charters
           ,
           &
           have
           ever
           met
           with
           the
           greatest
           oppositions
           ,
           though
           I
           am
           not
           so
           well
           acquainted
           with
           other
           Companies
           ,
           I
           may
           with
           much
           confidence
           give
           these
           Answers
           hereunto
           .
           First
           ,
           though
           Wools
           endraped
           be
           the
           main
           matter
           of
           our
           Trade
           ,
           yet
           we
           deal
           not
           onely
           in
           those
           Draperies
           ,
           but
           also
           in
           all
           kinds
           of
           Wares
           ,
           and
           ,
           other
           Merchandizes
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           neither
           doth
           our
           Company
           alone
           transport
           these
           Draperies
           :
           all
           other
           
             English
          
           Merchants
           ,
           nay
           the
           Hans
           Towns
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Strangers
           in
           amity
           with
           the
           Crown
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           at
           their
           pleasure
           may
           buy
           ,
           and
           vend
           again
           all
           sorts
           of
           
             English
          
           Wares
           that
           are
           fully
           manufactured
           ,
           as
           uncontrollably
           as
           they
           bring
           in
           their
           own
           Commodities
           .
           Wherefore
           it
           cannot
           be
           said
           that
           this
           chief
           Trade
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           is
           ingrossed
           ,
           or
           monopoliz'd
           by
           us
           in
           either
           of
           these
           two
           respects
           ,
           for
           as
           much
           as
           our
           priviledges
           neither
           confine
           that
           Trade
           to
           us
           alone
           ,
           nor
           us
           to
           that
           Trade
           alone
           .
        
         
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           The
           name
           of
           Monopolists
           cannot
           be
           fixed
           on
           them
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           bounds
           allotted
           them
           for
           their
           Trade
           :
           for
           by
           calculation
           we
           finde
           there
           are
           above
           6000
           persons
           free
           of
           our
           Company
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           
             Some
          
           in
           
             France
          
           to
           the
           
             Scaw
          
           in
           
             Germany
             ,
          
           (
           the
           
             nihil
             ultraes
          
           of
           our
           commerce
           )
           is
           no
           extraordinary
           proportion
           ,
           for
           such
           a
           proportion
           of
           men
           ,
           let
           the
           number
           of
           the
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           be
           compared
           with
           the
           number
           of
           all
           other
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           then
           compare
           this
           space
           of
           earth
           in
           
             France
          
           and
           
             Germany
          
           with
           all
           the
           globe
           besides
           ;
           and
           it
           will
           soon
           appeare
           ,
           that
           the
           confines
           of
           our
           Trade
           are
           rather
           too
           narrow
           ,
           then
           otherwise
           .
           Some
           hundreds
           ,
           nay
           thousands
           of
           our
           Company
           that
           are
           capable
           of
           our
           freedome
           by
           service
           ,
           or
           by
           Patrimony
           are
           faine
           to
           leave
           their
           callings
           ,
           &
           to
           betake
           themselves
           to
           other
           imployments
           :
           and
           necessity
           hath
           now
           taught
           us
           to
           confine
           our selves
           to
           a
           certaine
           stint
           of
           Apprentices
           ,
           in
           regard
           that
           our
           Trade
           is
           too
           narrow
           for
           our
           Traders
           ,
           &
           therefore
           whilest
           we
           are
           inforced
           to
           break
           out
           ,
           what
           can
           invite
           other
           men
           thus
           to
           break
           in
           ,
           and
           to
           invade
           our
           precincts
           ?
        
         
           Fourthly
           ,
           The
           price
           that
           is
           set
           upon
           our
           priviledges
           cannot
           condemne
           us
           of
           monopolie
           :
           for
           if
           a
           sufficient
           number
           could
           not
           be
           admitted
           by
           service
           ,
           or
           patrimony
           :
           yet
           the
           State
           hath
           left
           a
           door
           open
           for
           any
           that
           are
           qualified
           for
           trading
           to
           be
           admitted
           upon
           a
           meane
           ,
           inconsiderable
           rate
           .
        
         
           Any
           Out
           Port
           Merchant
           might
           have
           had
           his
           freedome
           for
           25.
           
             l.
             ster●ing
             ,
          
           and
           any
           of
           
             London
          
           for
           50.
           l.
           and
           those
           which
           neglected
           that
           opportunity
           ,
           are
           yet
           capable
           for
           the
           double
           summe
           .
        
         
           Fifthly
           ,
           The
           stint
           which
           we
           set
           upon
           our selves
           in
           buying
           cloth
           cannot
           be
           objected
           to
           us
           ,
           as
           savouring
           of
           monopolie
           :
           For
           first
           the
           whole
           Company
           by
           common
           advice
           ,
           and
           consent
           sets
           this
           stint
           for
           its
           own
           good
           ;
           and
           as
           the
           whole
           Company
           best
           understands
           its
           own
           interest
           ,
           so
           neither
           has
           it
           ,
           or
           can
           it
           have
           any
           interest
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           is
           consistent
           with
           the
           interest
           of
           the
           State
           .
           2ly
           ,
           the
           Company
           had
           never
           resolved
           upon
           any
           such
           stint
           ,
           but
           in
           contemplation
           of
           the
           narrownesse
           of
           Trade
           :
           and
           so
           far
           is
           this
           stint
           from
           making
           trade
           more
           scarce
           ,
           that
           it self
           was
           ordained
           meerly
           as
           some
           ease
           and
           remedie
           against
           the
           scarcity
           of
           Trade
           .
        
         
           We
           know
           well
           that
           t
           is
           possible
           for
           some
           one
           Merchant
           to
           exceed
           fourty
           others
           in
           purse
           ,
           or
           credit
           ;
           yet
           sure
           it
           cannot
           be
           expedient
           for
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           that
           one
           Merchant
           should
           graspe
           too
           
           much
           ,
           and
           swell
           up
           to
           an
           excessive
           bulk
           ,
           whilest
           fourty
           other
           Merchants
           being
           over
           shadowed
           by
           him
           ,
           can
           attain
           to
           no
           growth
           at
           all
           .
           Thirdly
           ,
           As
           the
           stint
           of
           Clothes
           is
           now
           set
           ,
           it
           remains
           larger
           then
           is
           made
           use
           of
           by
           diverse
           ,
           the
           fourth
           part
           of
           our
           Merchants
           scarce
           ever
           buyes
           to
           the
           fourth
           part
           of
           Clothes
           that
           is
           allowable
           by
           the
           stint
           ,
           wherefore
           it
           is
           a
           most
           indirect
           and
           preposterous
           thing
           to
           call
           that
           a
           monopolie
           ,
           or
           straitning
           of
           Trade
           ;
           which
           is
           the
           onely
           remedie
           against
           monopolie
           ,
           &
           the
           meer
           effect
           of
           straitn●sse
           in
           Trade
           .
        
         
           They
           which
           know
           the
           difference
           betwixt
           Common
           certain
           ,
           and
           Common
           sans
           number
           ;
           and
           see
           how
           the
           Husbandman
           in
           dressing
           his
           vine
           ,
           makes
           it
           more
           fruitfull
           by
           paring
           away
           the
           luxuriant
           products
           of
           its
           fertility
           ,
           wil
           easily
           judge
           by
           these
           stints
           ,
           that
           the
           Merchants
           were
           grown
           too
           numerous
           for
           their
           Trade
           ,
           and
           not
           that
           their
           Trade
           was
           grown
           too
           copious
           for
           their
           mannaging
           .
           Sixtly
           ,
           As
           our
           Trade
           cannot
           be
           called
           an
           ingrossing
           Trade
           ,
           or
           a
           monopolie
           in
           respect
           of
           any
           other
           of
           its
           priviledges
           or
           powers
           ,
           so
           neither
           can
           it
           be
           accused
           thereof
           in
           regard
           of
           our
           covinous
           ,
           false
           dealing
           in
           Marchandize
           .
           T
           is
           true
           ,
           our
           Company
           in
           
             Qu
             :
             Elizabeths
          
           daies
           found
           much
           opposition
           from
           the
           
             Hans
          
           Townes
           ,
           and
           in
           that
           bando
           which
           was
           procured
           against
           us
           ,
           to
           remoove
           us
           from
           
             Stadt
             ,
          
           the
           main
           pretence
           was
           monopolie
           used
           by
           the
           
             English
          
           Merchants
           ,
           but
           for
           a
           further
           Account
           of
           that
           matter
           ,
           we
           are
           to
           be
           informed
           :
           that
           the
           
             Hans
          
           Towns
           had
           antiently
           by
           their
           great
           skill
           in
           Merchandize
           ,
           made
           themselves
           very
           famous
           ,
           and
           procured
           to
           themselves
           priviledges
           in
           many
           Countries
           .
           Amongst
           other
           Nations
           also
           that
           did
           priviledge
           them
           ,
           the
           
             English
          
           was
           not
           the
           last
           ,
           or
           least
           .
        
         
           In
           
             London
          
           therefore
           they
           had
           the
           
             Steelyard
          
           assigned
           them
           with
           power
           to
           exercise
           Merchant
           Law
           there
           ,
           for
           their
           own
           better
           regulation
           :
           and
           amongst
           many
           other
           old
           immunities
           ,
           they
           were
           to
           pay
           for
           wares
           brought
           in
           ,
           and
           carried
           out
           one
           and
           a
           quarter
           
             per
             centum
          
           custome
           ,
           and
           no
           more
           .
        
         
           This
           Custome
           whilest
           the
           cheife
           Trade
           of
           the
           land
           was
           in
           Wooll
           undraped
           ,
           was
           no
           great
           losse
           to
           us
           :
           but
           after
           that
           the
           full
           Art
           of
           clothing
           was
           made
           ours
           in
           
             Ed
             :
          
           the
           3ds
           .
           daies
           ,
           and
           the
           Wooll
           Trade
           was
           almost
           quite
           decaied
           ,
           our
           State
           found
           that
           it
           lost
           exceedingly
           by
           passing
           out
           cloth
           at
           the
           old
           Custome
           ,
           and
           
           that
           the
           
             Hans
          
           Towns
           priviledges
           were
           diverse
           otherwaies
           abused
           to
           our
           publick
           detriment
           .
           Hereupon
           after
           some
           contests
           ,
           
             (
             Ed
             :
          
           the
           6th
           .
           raigning
           
             Anno
             1550.
             )
          
           the
           said
           priviledges
           were
           lookt
           into
           ,
           and
           found
           both
           defective
           in
           themselves
           ,
           and
           also
           forfeited
           by
           diverse
           breaches
           of
           conditions
           :
           the
           formalities
           of
           their
           incorporation
           were
           so
           voide
           ,
           that
           none
           could
           safely
           contract
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           therefore
           being
           detected
           of
           diverse
           injuries
           in
           colouring
           of
           forrein
           goods
           ,
           not
           within
           the
           verge
           of
           their
           priviledges
           ,
           and
           other
           falshoods
           :
           it
           appeared
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           such
           an
           uncertain
           ,
           misconstituted
           body
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           not
           liable
           to
           any
           account
           ,
           nor
           answerable
           for
           any
           trespasse
           .
        
         
           This
           procured
           a
           judgment
           to
           annull
           ,
           and
           abrogate
           the
           
             Hans
          
           Towns
           priviledges
           ,
           and
           in
           
             Anno
             1557.
          
           under
           
             Phil
             :
          
           and
           
             Mary
             ,
          
           our
           Customes
           were
           improoved
           from
           14.
           d.
           to
           6.
           s.
           8.
           d.
           
             per
             Cloth
          
           payable
           by
           the
           
             English
          
           and
           13.
           s.
           4.
           d.
           by
           strangers
           ,
           and
           this
           improovement
           did
           but
           equall
           the
           old
           Custome
           of
           wooll
           undraped
           .
           Till
           the
           death
           of
           
             Q
             :
             Mary
             ,
          
           whilest
           
             Spain
          
           and
           
             England
          
           were
           united
           ,
           the
           
             Hans
          
           Townes
           seeing
           their
           profit
           so
           far
           impared
           ,
           and
           Trade
           in
           
             England
          
           in
           so
           good
           a
           measure
           advanced
           ,
           gr●w
           sullenly
           envious
           ,
           but
           durst
           attempt
           nothing
           .
        
         
           Neverthelesse
           
             Anno
             1564
          
           when
           
             Queen
             Elizabeth
          
           was
           at
           enmity
           with
           the
           
             Spanyard
             ,
          
           with
           more
           resumed
           courage
           the
           
             Hans
          
           Towns
           laboured
           to
           suppresse
           the
           growth
           of
           our
           Merchandize
           :
           and
           therfore
           to
           make
           the
           King
           of
           
             Spaine
          
           their
           abettor
           against
           us
           in
           
             Germany
             ,
          
           and
           the
           Netherlanders
           ,
           they
           made
           themselves
           parties
           against
           us
           in
           
             Spaine
             ,
          
           by
           furnishing
           armes
           ,
           amunition
           ,
           &c.
           
           Thus
           some
           acts
           of
           hostility
           were
           done
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
          
           in
           a
           defensive
           way
           seized
           some
           of
           their
           Ships
           sent
           to
           supply
           the
           
             Spanyard
             ,
          
           and
           the
           
             Spanyard
          
           at
           their
           solicitation
           banisht
           us
           out
           of
           the
           Low
           Countries
           ,
           and
           caused
           us
           to
           be
           interdicted
           
             Germany
          
           also
           .
        
         
           
             Anno
             1567.
          
           the
           
             English
          
           Merchants
           being
           expelled
           out
           of
           the
           
             Netherlands
             ,
          
           contracted
           for
           entertainment
           at
           
             Hamburgh
          
           for
           10
           yeers
           :
           these
           10
           yeers
           being
           expired
           ,
           no
           longer
           residence
           could
           be
           had
           there
           ,
           inasmuch
           as
           all
           the
           
             Hans
          
           Towns
           could
           not
           injoy
           us
           wholly
           to
           themselves
           ,
           &
           for
           any
           one
           to
           injoy
           us
           ,
           they
           thought
           it
           unequall
           ,
           and
           prejudiciall
           to
           the
           rest
           .
        
         
           From
           
             Hamburgh
          
           we
           remooved
           to
           
             Embden
             ,
          
           and
           there
           the
           same
           
           parties
           prosecuting
           and
           renewing
           their
           clamors
           of
           a
           monopolizing
           Trade
           in
           the
           
             English
             ,
          
           a
           new
           Edict
           from
           the
           Emperor
           
             Anno
             1582.
          
           was
           thundered
           out
           against
           us
           .
           The
           Grave
           of
           
             Embden
          
           nothing
           troubled
           at
           this
           Edict
           ,
           sent
           his
           Chancellor
           Doctor
           
             Moller
             ,
          
           since
           
             Syndicus
          
           of
           
             Hamburgh
          
           to
           the
           Spiers
           ,
           who
           there
           defended
           the
           
             English
          
           Trade
           against
           the
           slanderous
           imputation
           of
           monopolie
           ,
           and
           for
           a
           while
           gave
           such
           satisfaction
           ,
           that
           the
           Emperours
           Edict
           was
           not
           put
           in
           execution
           against
           us
           .
        
         
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
          
           also
           in
           1595.
           wrote
           thus
           to
           the
           Emperour
           ,
           
             Monopolium
             de
             quo
             Hanseatici
             subditos
             nostros
             criminantur
             calumniae
             potius
             quam
             verae
             accusationis
             rationem
             per
             se
             ferre
             videtur
             .
          
           To
           wipe
           off
           this
           calumny
           ,
           we
           can
           also
           instance
           in
           severall
           letters
           of
           attestation
           under
           the
           Common
           Seals
           of
           
             Antwerpe
             ,
             Midlebourgh
             ,
             Embden
             ,
             Stadt
          
           justifying
           our
           faire
           ,
           and
           just
           manner
           of
           trading
           :
           and
           if
           such
           legible
           proofs
           be
           not
           so
           available
           ,
           wee
           could
           appeal
           to
           all
           the
           places
           where
           ever
           we
           resided
           ,
           as
           so
           many
           visible
           arguments
           ,
           prooving
           fully
           for
           us
           ,
           that
           our
           way
           of
           traffick
           hath
           not
           been
           onely
           blamelesse
           ,
           and
           just
           ,
           but
           also
           strangely
           fortunate
           and
           propitious
           .
        
         
           From
           
             Embden
          
           (
           for
           the
           
             Spanyard
          
           prevailing
           in
           
             Freisland
          
           had
           now
           made
           those
           parts
           dangerous
           to
           us
           )
           we
           betook
           our selves
           to
           
             Stadt
             ,
          
           and
           there
           we
           continued
           till
           1597.
           so
           desirous
           was
           each
           of
           the
           
             Hans
          
           Towns
           singly
           to
           have
           harboured
           us
           ,
           if
           all
           jointly
           had
           not
           envied
           that
           single
           advantage
           :
           and
           being
           there
           then
           disaccommodated
           ,
           10.
           or
           11.
           of
           the
           cheife
           Towns
           under
           the
           
             States
          
           sent
           to
           invite
           us
           ,
           and
           made
           offers
           of
           large
           accommodations
           amongst
           them
           .
        
         
           We
           may
           further
           take
           notice
           ,
           that
           
             Ed
             :
          
           the
           6th
           .
           reserved
           for
           the
           
             Hans
          
           Towns
           after
           forfeiture
           of
           their
           priviledges
           ,
           as
           ample
           a
           freedome
           of
           commerce
           ,
           as
           for
           any
           strangers
           whatsoever
           :
           That
           Queen
           
             Mary
          
           restored
           the
           said
           Towns
           upon
           ingagement
           that
           their
           inordinate
           Trade
           should
           be
           forborne
           ,
           and
           this
           ingagement
           being
           violated
           ,
           She
           yeelded
           to
           a
           new
           Treaty
           about
           a
           sit
           moderation
           of
           their
           Intercourses
           .
           Yet
           the
           
             Hans
          
           Towns
           did
           not
           onely
           neglect
           to
           send
           Commissioners
           within
           the
           time
           perfixed
           ,
           but
           at
           the
           same
           time
           publisht
           an
           Edict
           at
           
             Lu●eck
             ,
          
           prohibiting
           all
           Trade
           with
           the
           
             English
             ,
          
           Queen
           
             Mary
          
           for
           her
           husbands
           sake
           was
           much
           a
           freind
           to
           the
           
             Austrian
          
           familie
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           
             Austrians
          
           sake
           to
           
           these
           Easterlings
           ,
           and
           therefore
           she
           offered
           again
           another
           Treatie
           in
           1557.
           but
           this
           offer
           was
           rejected
           likewise
           with
           an
           opprobrious
           pretence
           ,
           that
           in
           
             England
          
           they
           could
           expect
           no
           competent
           Judges
           of
           their
           cause
           .
           If
           they
           durst
           not
           trust
           their
           cause
           to
           
             England
          
           in
           Q
           :
           
             Maries
          
           dayes
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           a
           Monarchy
           ,
           then
           they
           judged
           dishonorably
           of
           all
           Monarchies
           :
           if
           they
           made
           no
           difference
           of
           Monarchies
           ,
           but
           diffided
           in
           it
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           a
           forrein
           State
           ,
           where
           they
           should
           not
           be
           their
           own
           Judges
           ,
           this
           reflects
           also
           upon
           all
           forrein
           States
           :
           but
           the
           truth
           is
           ,
           they
           had
           an
           ill
           cause
           ,
           and
           so
           were
           diffident
           of
           all
           Judges
           ,
           but
           themselves
           .
           Howsoever
           Queen
           
             Elizabeth
          
           in
           1560.
           offered
           yet
           a
           new
           Moderation
           ,
           and
           this
           not
           accepted
           of
           from
           the
           beginning
           of
           her
           Reign
           ,
           she
           commanded
           they
           should
           be
           used
           here
           as
           her
           own
           Subjects
           ,
           and
           better
           then
           any
           other
           Forreiners
           .
           This
           is
           also
           most
           certain
           ,
           till
           She
           saw
           her
           Subjects
           driven
           from
           
             Hamburgh
          
           in
           1578.
           and
           an
           exaction
           of
           7
           ¼
           .
           
             per
             centum
          
           set
           upon
           all
           
             English
          
           Goods
           at
           
             Lunenburgh
          
           in
           1579.
           and
           all
           the
           
             English
          
           generally
           ill
           Treated
           at
           
             Dantzig
             ,
             Deventer
             ,
          
           &c.
           and
           not
           onely
           her
           Enemies
           of
           
             Spaine
          
           assisted
           by
           them
           ,
           but
           other
           Princes
           also
           exasperated
           against
           Her
           ,
           She
           made
           little
           difference
           betwixt
           them
           and
           her
           own
           Subjects
           .
           I
           hope
           this
           will
           be
           a
           sufficient
           justification
           of
           our
           
             English
          
           Trade
           :
           and
           now
           since
           it
           appears
           ,
           that
           this
           opposition
           was
           procured
           to
           us
           by
           strangers
           and
           enemies
           ,
           that
           sought
           not
           to
           reduce
           us
           to
           a
           fair
           Trade
           ,
           but
           to
           eject
           us
           out
           of
           all
           Trade
           :
           me thinks
           it
           should
           be
           very
           unworthy
           of
           any
           
             Englishman
          
           to
           make
           use
           of
           the
           same
           Objections
           .
        
         
           3.
           Arg
           :
           That
           Trade
           which
           is
           not
           onely
           complained
           of
           by
           Strangers
           ,
           but
           Natives
           also
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           ages
           has
           encountred
           with
           so
           many
           Complainants
           ,
           is
           likely
           to
           be
           a
           Monopolie
           ,
           or
           some
           private
           ,
           anticipating
           ,
           indirect
           way
           of
           commerce
           :
           but
           such
           is
           that
           of
           all
           Merchants
           incorporated
           by
           particular
           Charters
           ,
           &c.
           
           All
           priviledged
           Merchants
           ,
           especially
           the
           Adventurers
           of
           
             England
          
           (
           whose
           priviledges
           are
           lookt
           upon
           as
           so
           ample
           )
           have
           had
           Adversaries
           alwaies
           to
           wrestle
           ,
           and
           contest
           with
           both
           abroad
           ,
           and
           at
           home
           :
           yet
           this
           may
           be
           truly
           said
           of
           them
           (
           as
           of
           
             Cato
             )
          
           they
           have
           been
           as
           often
           absolved
           ,
           as
           accused
           :
           and
           their
           Patrons
           have
           ever
           been
           far
           more
           honorable
           ,
           then
           their
           Adversaries
           .
           Clothiers
           ,
           Interlopers
           ,
           some
           Officers
           of
           the
           Outports
           ,
           and
           Court
           projectors
           have
           molested
           them
           on
           the
           one
           side
           :
           but
           on
           the
           other
           side
           Parliaments
           ,
           
           Kings
           ,
           Privy-Councellors
           ,
           and
           the
           wisest
           of
           Statesmen
           have
           protected
           them
           ,
           and
           their
           Cause
           ;
           and
           upon
           a
           full
           ,
           and
           due
           hearing
           it
           continually
           appeared
           ,
           that
           their
           friends
           had
           honourable
           ,
           but
           their
           opposers
           dishonourable
           ends
           .
           As
           for
           the
           Clothier
           ,
           He
           stomacks
           much
           that
           He
           must
           be
           so
           strictly
           held
           to
           the
           Statute
           ,
           and
           may
           not
           digresse
           from
           the
           just
           weight
           ,
           and
           measure
           ,
           that
           is
           there
           set
           for
           his
           Clothes
           .
           The
           Interloper
           takes
           offence
           ,
           that
           without
           contributing
           for
           Himself
           ,
           He
           may
           not
           injoy
           the
           benefits
           of
           that
           policy
           ,
           which
           is
           maintained
           at
           other
           mens
           charge
           :
           that
           the
           same
           hedges
           which
           keep
           other
           men
           from
           trespassing
           him
           ,
           should
           keep
           him
           from
           trespassing
           other
           men
           .
           The
           Outport
           Officer
           is
           prevented
           of
           some
           bribes
           ,
           for
           stolne
           customes
           ,
           false-colour'd
           goods
           ,
           &c.
           by
           the
           regular
           shipping
           of
           our
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           by
           our
           Ministers
           ,
           which
           keeps
           too
           severe
           a
           check
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           therefore
           his
           indignation
           is
           raised
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           begging
           Courtier
           ,
           He
           finds
           it
           profitable
           for
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           that
           accusations
           should
           be
           favoured
           ,
           and
           that
           all
           Complainants
           should
           be
           heard
           :
           for
           whether
           the
           Complaints
           be
           true
           or
           false
           ,
           just
           ,
           or
           unjust
           ,
           profit
           comes
           in
           to
           Him
           both
           wayes
           ,
           and
           the
           Innocent
           must
           gratifie
           him
           for
           his
           
             quietus
             est
             ,
          
           as
           well
           as
           the
           nocent
           for
           his
           impunity
           .
           King
           
             James
             anno
             1613.
          
           found
           that
           his
           Progenitors
           had
           been
           deceived
           in
           their
           Grants
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           therefore
           suspended
           and
           sequestred
           our
           Priviledges
           :
           but
           in
           
             anno
             1616
             ▪
          
           and
           1617.
           after
           that
           the
           Merchants
           had
           been
           drained
           of
           20
           ,
           or
           30000
           l.
           and
           
             Cockayns
          
           new
           project
           (
           so
           obstructive
           to
           Trade
           )
           was
           falne
           to
           the
           ground
           of
           it self
           ,
           the
           same
           ancient
           Charters
           ,
           and
           Liberties
           were
           revived
           with
           more
           honourable
           testimonials
           then
           ever
           ;
           the
           Courtiers
           were
           again
           sensible
           that
           King
           
             James
          
           and
           his
           Progenitors
           had
           been
           well
           advised
           in
           their
           Grants
           .
        
         
           The
           Merchants
           Adventurers
           long
           before
           the
           Art
           of
           Endraping
           Cloth
           was
           introduced
           into
           
             England
             ,
          
           had
           Priviledges
           abroad
           from
           the
           Dukes
           of
           
             Brabant
             ,
          
           and
           other
           Potentates
           .
           
             Edw
             :
          
           the
           3d.
           having
           transplanted
           the
           Manufacture
           out
           of
           the
           
             Netherlands
             ,
          
           for
           the
           better
           watering
           ,
           and
           cherishing
           of
           it
           ,
           confirmed
           to
           the
           said
           Adventurers
           whatsoever
           had
           been
           granted
           in
           the
           yeer
           1248.
           by
           
             John
          
           D
           :
           of
           
             Brabant
             .
             Hen
             :
          
           the
           4th
           .
           seeing
           the
           good
           effects
           of
           his
           grandfathers
           indulgence
           ,
           added
           a
           more
           beneficiall
           and
           large
           Charter
           of
           priviledges
           in
           
             Feb
             :
             1406.
             H.
             5.
             H.
             6.
             Edw
             :
             4.
          
           and
           
             R.
             3.
          
           
           were
           followers
           of
           that
           good
           example
           by
           severall
           ratifications
           ,
           But
           
             H.
             7.
          
           seeming
           to
           transcend
           all
           his
           Predecessors
           in
           policie
           ,
           and
           desiring
           to
           testifie
           the
           same
           by
           his
           care
           of
           Merchants
           ,
           proceeded
           further
           to
           dilate
           their
           priviledges
           ,
           and
           preeminences
           .
           
             Polydor
             Virgil
          
           gives
           him
           this
           Encomium
           :
           
             Mercatores
             ille
             saepenumerò
             pecuniâ
             multa
             data
             gratuito
             juvibat
             ,
             u●
             Mercatura
             (
             A●s
             una
             ●n●ctis
             aeque
             mortalibus
             tum
             commoda
             ,
             tum
             necessaria
             )
             in
             surregno
             copiofier
             esset
             .
          
           In
           his
           Reigne
           (
           enmities
           and
           hostilities
           interrupting
           our
           commerce
           with
           the
           
             Burgundians
             )
          
           we
           had
           a
           Staple
           provided
           for
           us
           at
           
             Calais
             ;
          
           and
           then
           under
           our
           own
           Soveraigne
           ,
           within
           our
           own
           Dominions
           we
           saw
           our
           own
           fellow
           Subjects
           as
           tenderly
           entertained
           with
           divers
           Franchises
           ,
           and
           Indulgences
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           had
           capitulated
           with
           a
           strange
           Prince
           .
        
         
           Since
           
             H.
             7.
          
           all
           his
           Successors
           have
           confirmed
           ,
           or
           inlarged
           what
           was
           granted
           before
           ;
           within
           few
           yeers
           also
           this
           King
           ;
           and
           since
           that
           ,
           this
           Parliament
           in
           1643.
           have
           added
           strong
           ratifications
           ,
           and
           that
           not
           without
           honourable
           acknowledgements
           of
           this
           famous
           Companies
           services
           to
           the
           publick
           .
           Moreover
           in
           the
           times
           of
           
             Hen
             :
             4.
          
           and
           
             Hen
             :
             7.
          
           some
           Complaints
           were
           preferred
           by
           Clothiers
           ,
           &c.
           against
           the
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           :
           but
           after
           due
           examination
           ,
           and
           hearing
           ,
           the
           Company
           had
           a
           favourable
           issue
           ,
           and
           not
           onely
           obtained
           a
           fuller
           establishment
           of
           former
           Charters
           ,
           but
           also
           new
           expresse
           clauses
           against
           stragling
           Merchants
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           intermedlers
           ,
           that
           might
           empeach
           ,
           or
           disturbe
           their
           Trade
           .
           Other
           Informations
           were
           under
           
             Edw
             :
             6.
          
           exhibited
           against
           the
           same
           Company
           by
           some
           of
           their
           own
           Brethren
           :
           but
           after
           the
           Councell
           Table
           had
           taken
           a
           full
           cognizance
           thereof
           ,
           the
           two
           chief
           of
           the
           Informers
           were
           committed
           to
           the
           
             Fleet
             ,
          
           and
           the
           rest
           were
           Fined
           ,
           and
           more
           strictly
           injoyned
           to
           submit
           to
           the
           Companies
           Orders
           for
           the
           future
           .
           The
           same
           Informers
           also
           not
           so
           acquiescing
           ,
           made
           new
           addresses
           to
           the
           Parliament
           held
           after
           by
           Queen
           
             Mary
             :
          
           but
           the
           busines
           was
           soon
           quashed
           there
           also
           ,
           and
           the
           accusers
           without
           further
           remedie
           dismissed
           .
        
         
           The
           like
           or
           more
           grievous
           Complaints
           were
           revived
           by
           the
           Clothiers
           ,
           &c.
           in
           Queen
           
             Elizabeths
          
           dayes
           ,
           but
           what
           event
           did
           attend
           them
           ?
           after
           that
           the
           Cloth
           Trade
           was
           set
           at
           liberty
           for
           a
           while
           ,
           after
           that
           the
           
             George
          
           at
           
             Westminster
          
           was
           made
           as
           free
           a
           
           Mercat
           for
           Cloth
           as
           
             Blackwell-Hall
          
           in
           
             London
             ,
          
           and
           upon
           triall
           the
           poore
           people
           of
           
             Wiltshire
             ,
             Glocestershire
             ,
          
           &c.
           saw
           their
           miseries
           not
           relieved
           ,
           but
           increased
           by
           dissolving
           the
           Company
           of
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           :
           The
           Lords
           of
           the
           Councell
           
             anno
             29.
             Eliz
             :
          
           to
           prevent
           mutiny
           in
           those
           parts
           ,
           were
           fain
           to
           send
           for
           the
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           ,
           and
           desire
           them
           cheerfully
           to
           proceed
           in
           their
           Trade
           ,
           to
           which
           no
           countenance
           ,
           nor
           assistance
           from
           them
           should
           be
           wanting
           for
           the
           future
           .
        
         
           Alderman
           
             Cockayns
          
           Project
           in
           King
           
             James
          
           his
           dayes
           was
           guilded
           over
           with
           a
           more
           specious
           pretext
           then
           that
           in
           Queen
           
             Elizabeths
             ,
          
           and
           when
           our
           Company
           was
           at
           that
           time
           dissolved
           ,
           Trade
           was
           not
           absolutely
           layd
           common
           (
           as
           before
           )
           without
           all
           manner
           of
           regulation
           :
           but
           to
           prevent
           general
           confusion
           (
           which
           had
           proved
           it self
           continually
           so
           fatall
           )
           a
           new
           Company
           was
           erected
           ,
           and
           incorporated
           :
           yet
           neither
           so
           could
           this
           project
           prosper
           ,
           or
           subsist
           .
           King
           
             James
          
           in
           his
           Proclamation
           
             Anno
             1617.
          
           publisht
           for
           the
           restitution
           of
           our
           Company
           and
           its
           and
           〈◊〉
           Priviledges
           ,
           (
           after
           that
           the
           consumption
           ,
           and
           miserable
           languishment
           of
           Trade
           for
           above
           two
           yeers
           space
           had
           better
           instructed
           him
           )
           attestated
           to
           the
           world
           the
           excellent
           method
           ,
           and
           discipline
           of
           our
           ancient
           Corporation
           ,
           and
           now
           ineffectuall
           his
           〈◊〉
           looser
           jurisdiction
           had
           proved
           for
           the
           vending
           of
           our
           〈◊〉
           〈◊〉
           manufacture
           .
           And
           it
           should
           seem
           this
           was
           susti●●●…
           〈◊〉
           〈◊〉
           the
           world
           ,
           yet
           the
           Courtiers
           would
           not
           be
           so
           satisfied
           for
           they
           thought
           they
           had
           gratified
           the
           Common-wealth
           in
           restoring
           the
           ancient
           Company
           of
           the
           Adventurers
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           had
           grati●●●
           the
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           in
           restoring
           them
           to
           their
           due
           rights
           ,
           and
           therefore
           to
           inclose
           by
           bargain
           for
           themselves
           a
           gratification
           of
           20
           ,
           or
           30000
           livre.
           was
           no
           ill
           office
           .
        
         
           There
           is
           another
           clog
           remaining
           upon
           our
           Trade
           to
           this
           day
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           continued
           still
           upon
           the
           same
           reason
           :
           the
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           at
           first
           were
           stinted
           to
           a
           certain
           number
           of
           Clothes
           ,
           which
           number
           in
           their
           exportations
           they
           might
           not
           exceed
           :
           now
           it
           appears
           since
           to
           the
           State
           ,
           that
           that
           number
           was
           too
           strait
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           is
           very
           inexpedient
           for
           Trade
           to
           circumscribe
           our
           Merchants
           rigorously
           with
           that
           stint
           ;
           and
           yet
           notwithstanding
           Courtiers
           must
           be
           ●ill
           feed
           for
           releasing
           Trade
           of
           this
           inexpedience
           .
           The
           Earl
           of
           
             Cumberland
          
           in
           Queen
           
             Elizabeths
          
           dayes
           was
           
           
           
           
           
           sweetned
           with
           a
           Present
           for
           obtaining
           an
           inlargement
           of
           our
           stint
           ;
           but
           that
           Present
           now
           is
           become
           a
           Rent
           ,
           and
           is
           successively
           granted
           by
           Patent
           ;
           and
           though
           the
           Patentee
           be
           a
           single
           person
           ,
           and
           cannot
           be
           said
           properly
           to
           gratifie
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           yet
           He
           receives
           such
           a
           yeerly
           revenue
           in
           consideration
           that
           the
           Common-wealth
           shall
           not
           be
           disserved
           :
           and
           this
           revenue
           it self
           being
           an
           Incumbrance
           upon
           our
           Draperies
           ,
           and
           raised
           out
           of
           Woollgrowers
           ,
           Clothiers
           ,
           Merchants
           Retailors
           ,
           and
           so
           charging
           Trade
           in
           generall
           ,
           is
           no
           lesse
           then
           a
           disservice
           it self
           to
           the
           Common-wealth
           .
           Thus
           we
           see
           our
           Charters
           have
           been
           often
           times
           ,
           and
           severall
           wayes
           attempted
           against
           :
           and
           yet
           if
           they
           had
           not
           been
           so
           much
           shaken
           ,
           their
           power
           of
           resistance
           had
           not
           been
           so
           experimentally
           known
           ;
           for
           the
           more
           the
           Anchor
           is
           straitned
           ,
           the
           faster
           hold
           it
           ever
           gains
           .
        
         
           4th
           .
           Arg
           :
           Since
           every
           man
           is
           presumed
           to
           be
           most
           knowing
           in
           that
           Craft
           wherein
           He
           has
           been
           bred
           up
           ;
           we
           may
           presume
           the
           Clothiers
           in
           matters
           of
           cloth
           to
           be
           more
           knowing
           then
           the
           Merchant
           .
        
         
           
             Ans.
          
           First
           ,
           in
           the
           making
           of
           Cloth
           we
           deny
           not
           but
           there
           may
           be
           more
           skill
           in
           the
           Clothier
           then
           in
           the
           Merchant
           :
           but
           the
           question
           here
           is
           about
           the
           uttering
           and
           vending
           ,
           not
           about
           working
           or
           preparing
           of
           cloth
           :
           and
           therfore
           ,
           it
           follows
           not
           that
           the
           breeding
           of
           the
           Clothier
           does
           so
           much
           inable
           him
           to
           sell
           cloth
           ,
           especially
           in
           great
           quantities
           ,
           and
           that
           to
           forrein
           Nations
           ,
           as
           the
           Merchants
           :
           but
           rather
           the
           contrary
           ,
           even
           by
           the
           truth
           of
           the
           same
           granted
           rule
           .
           Forasmuch
           as
           there
           is
           not
           onely
           an
           Art
           and
           Mysterie
           in
           the
           sale
           of
           cloth
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           but
           also
           an
           Art
           more
           abstrase
           ,
           eminent
           ,
           and
           exquisite
           then
           that
           is
           which
           consists
           in
           the
           Mechanicall
           way
           of
           making
           and
           dressing
           the
           same
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           the
           State
           is
           not
           to
           consider
           what
           is
           most
           beneficiall
           to
           the
           Merchant
           ,
           what
           to
           the
           Clothier
           
             separatim
             ,
          
           or
           whether
           the
           benefit
           of
           the
           one
           alone
           ,
           or
           of
           the
           other
           be
           more
           to
           be
           favoured
           ,
           but
           how
           they
           may
           be
           both
           favoured
           
             conjunctim
             ,
          
           and
           how
           the
           State
           may
           be
           most
           benefited
           by
           twisting
           their
           interests
           both
           together
           .
           Now
           then
           generall
           interest
           of
           the
           State
           requires
           that
           all
           our
           
             L●nificia
             ,
          
           or
           
             English
          
           commodities
           be
           raised
           in
           price
           unto
           other
           Nations
           as
           high
           as
           may
           be
           without
           injustice
           ,
           or
           inconvenience
           ,
           and
           that
           as
           many
           persons
           and
           professions
           in
           
             England
          
           as
           may
           be
           ,
           
           may
           come
           to
           be
           sharers
           in
           the
           generall
           interest
           .
           If
           the
           question
           then
           be
           ,
           whether
           the
           Merchants
           interest
           ,
           or
           the
           Clothiers
           do
           more
           conduce
           to
           this
           publick
           reason
           of
           State
           ;
           sense
           it self
           will
           presently
           distinguish
           ,
           that
           the
           Merchants
           advantage
           is
           more
           compliant
           with
           the
           publick
           then
           the
           Clothiers
           .
           For
           the
           Clothiers
           ayme
           is
           to
           drown
           that
           gain
           ,
           which
           the
           Merchants
           industry
           and
           imployment
           now
           serves
           for
           ,
           and
           which
           by
           his
           service
           is
           kept
           within
           the
           bounds
           of
           our
           own
           Island
           ,
           to
           the
           maintaining
           of
           so
           many
           families
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           busying
           so
           many
           men
           ,
           and
           Ships
           abroad
           ,
           and
           thereby
           to
           abridge
           the
           same
           the
           more
           to
           Natives
           ,
           the
           more
           it
           is
           publicated
           unto
           strangers
           .
           The
           
             Hollanders
          
           are
           so
           subtill
           as
           to
           clog
           our
           
             English
          
           Woollen
           manufactures
           with
           great
           Impositions
           ,
           and
           to
           free
           their
           own
           of
           the
           same
           ,
           that
           the
           prices
           of
           their
           meaner
           Draperies
           may
           be
           raised
           up
           to
           our
           better
           ones
           ,
           or
           the
           prices
           of
           our
           better
           Draperies
           may
           be
           beaten
           down
           to
           their
           meaner
           ones
           :
           but
           our
           subtiltie
           must
           be
           for
           the
           pleasure
           of
           our
           Clothiers
           to
           intercept
           from
           the
           Merchants
           all
           that
           livelihood
           which
           they
           now
           earn
           ,
           and
           by
           vilifying
           of
           our
           own
           Wares
           to
           prostitute
           the
           same
           unto
           Strangers
           :
           nay
           and
           by
           the
           same
           means
           to
           expose
           themselves
           to
           the
           danger
           of
           having
           worse
           treatance
           from
           forreiners
           ,
           then
           now
           they
           have
           from
           their
           own
           Countreymen
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           if
           more
           regard
           be
           had
           of
           the
           Clothier
           ,
           then
           of
           the
           Merchant
           ,
           or
           State
           ,
           yet
           constant
           experience
           teaches
           us
           ,
           that
           this
           favour
           and
           preference
           which
           the
           Clothier
           challenges
           herein
           above
           the
           Merchant
           ,
           is
           no
           reall
           favour
           ,
           nor
           preference
           at
           all
           .
           For
           it
           has
           been
           alwayes
           seen
           ,
           that
           the
           setting
           at
           liberty
           of
           the
           Merchants
           Trade
           has
           proved
           more
           obstructive
           to
           the
           Clothier
           then
           to
           the
           Merchant
           ,
           in
           as
           much
           as
           the
           Merchant
           has
           a
           more
           large
           imployment
           ,
           and
           can
           better
           subsist
           without
           the
           Clothier
           ,
           then
           the
           Clothier
           can
           without
           the
           Merchant
           .
           Moreover
           as
           it
           doth
           not
           alwayes
           fall
           out
           ,
           that
           the
           breaking
           up
           of
           the
           Merchants
           Trade
           brings
           any
           present
           quicknesse
           to
           Trade
           :
           so
           if
           it
           doth
           ,
           that
           quicknesse
           never
           ●a●●s
           ;
           't
           is
           but
           
             bonum
             presens
             ;
          
           't
           is
           but
           like
           cold
           water
           to
           a
           feaverish
           man
           ,
           it
           procures
           some
           short
           refreshment
           ,
           but
           repays
           that
           short
           refreshment
           within
           a
           short
           space
           after
           with
           a
           prolongation
           of
           sharper
           extremities
           .
           So
           it
           proved
           it
           in
           Qu
           :
           
             Elizabeths
          
           times
           ;
           so
           it
           proved
           in
           King
           
             James
          
           his
           times
           ;
           and
           so
           it
           is
           likely
           to
           
           prove
           hereafter
           :
           wherefore
           if
           men
           of
           Mechanicall
           education
           will
           onely
           contemplate
           present
           things
           ,
           and
           neither
           look
           forward
           nor
           backward
           ,
           Statesmen
           may
           ,
           and
           must
           disaccommodate
           them
           for
           the
           present
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           be
           accommodated
           the
           better
           for
           the
           future
           .
        
         
           5th
           .
           Arg
           :
           That
           power
           in
           private
           men
           which
           onerates
           the
           chief
           Commodities
           of
           the
           Realm
           with
           arbitrary
           impositions
           to
           maintain
           it self
           ,
           is
           dangerous
           :
           but
           such
           is
           the
           Merchants
           power
           ,
           &c.
           
           
             Ans.
          
           Our
           Companies
           ordinary
           charge
           is
           scarce
           considerable
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           great
           summes
           we
           deal
           for
           ;
           and
           the
           extraordinary
           charge
           is
           alwayes
           drawn
           on
           by
           some
           extraordinarie
           ,
           unavoidable
           inconvenience
           :
           for
           example
           ,
           the
           removals
           of
           our
           Residence
           from
           one
           Mart
           Town
           to
           another
           is
           commonly
           a
           great
           burthen
           to
           us
           ,
           but
           that
           burthen
           is
           undertaken
           to
           avoid
           some
           greater
           detriment
           ,
           and
           without
           it
           either
           we
           should
           loose
           old
           priviledges
           ,
           or
           be
           made
           to
           submit
           to
           some
           new
           exactions
           :
           or
           be
           some
           other
           way
           aggrieved
           in
           a
           worse
           degree
           .
           Now
           this
           is
           for
           the
           common
           good
           ,
           and
           we
           may
           rather
           expect
           favour
           from
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           then
           disfavour
           for
           such
           services
           .
        
         
           Secondly
           ,
           we
           have
           a
           Bill
           now
           in
           the
           Houses
           ,
           prepared
           for
           His
           Majesties
           Assent
           ,
           and
           in
           that
           Bill
           the
           future
           Impositions
           of
           our
           Company
           are
           reduced
           to
           a
           certaintie
           .
        
         
           Thirdly
           ,
           there
           is
           an
           absolute
           necessity
           of
           these
           Impositions
           ,
           for
           neither
           can
           our
           Trade
           prosper
           without
           government
           ,
           nor
           government
           be
           maintained
           without
           some
           charge
           :
           neither
           is
           our
           government
           necessary
           onely
           for
           our selves
           ,
           but
           also
           for
           the
           Clothier
           ,
           for
           as
           much
           as
           we
           are
           a
           good
           skreen
           ,
           or
           bank
           betwixt
           the
           Merchant
           stranger
           ,
           and
           the
           
             English
          
           Clothier
           ,
           and
           were
           not
           the
           prices
           of
           our
           clothes
           kept
           up
           by
           us
           ,
           and
           that
           partly
           by
           the
           charge
           of
           our
           government
           ,
           the
           Clothier
           would
           be
           more
           inslaved
           to
           the
           Stranger
           ,
           then
           now
           He
           is
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           our
           Accounts
           are
           kept
           most
           exactly
           ,
           and
           audited
           punctually
           ,
           and
           the
           hands
           through
           which
           all
           things
           passe
           are
           so
           many
           that
           there
           can
           be
           no
           error
           ,
           nor
           fraud
           .
           The
           Hans
           Towns
           in
           
             Germany
             ,
          
           anciently
           72.
           in
           number
           ,
           found
           it
           expedient
           to
           incorporate
           ,
           and
           maintain
           a
           common
           correspondence
           :
           for
           which
           end
           
             Lubeck
          
           of
           the
           
             Wendish
             ,
             Brunswick
          
           of
           the
           
             Saxon
             ,
             Dantzig
          
           of
           the
           
             Prusse
             ,
          
           and
           
             Cullen
          
           of
           the
           
             Westphalish
          
           Towns
           was
           appointed
           to
           be
           
           chief
           ;
           and
           the
           chief
           of
           all
           was
           
             Lubeck
             .
          
           These
           Towns
           so
           united
           for
           adjusting
           all
           common
           ,
           and
           particular
           interests
           obtained
           severall
           places
           of
           Residence
           in
           
             England
          
           at
           
             London
             ,
          
           in
           
             Norway
          
           at
           
             Bergen
             ,
          
           in
           
             Russia
          
           at
           
             Novograde
             :
          
           in
           the
           
             Netherlands
          
           at
           
             Antwerpe
             :
          
           and
           in
           each
           of
           these
           residencies
           they
           had
           their
           Alderman
           ,
           Assistants
           ,
           Secretaries
           ,
           Treasurers
           ,
           Stewards
           ,
           and
           other
           Officers
           ,
           by
           whom
           their
           publick
           affairs
           were
           administred
           ,
           and
           Merchant
           Law
           was
           exercised
           .
           Wherefore
           if
           the
           expence
           of
           their
           government
           was
           more
           then
           countervailed
           by
           the
           benefit
           of
           their
           unity
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           were
           gainers
           by
           that
           expence
           ,
           why
           should
           that
           be
           imprudent
           in
           us
           which
           was
           prudent
           in
           them
           ?
           or
           why
           should
           that
           be
           dammage
           to
           us
           ,
           which
           was
           profit
           to
           them
           ?
        
         
           The
           ordinary
           pleas
           for
           
             Freedom
          
           are
           thus
           answered
           ,
           and
           the
           Objections
           against
           Reglement
           in
           Trade
           removed
           ;
           we
           will
           now
           onely
           re-inforce
           all
           that
           has
           been
           said
           in
           a
           word
           ,
           or
           two
           .
        
         
           The
           most
           solid
           glory
           ,
           and
           magnificence
           that
           ever
           dazel'd
           humane
           eyes
           upon
           earth
           :
           was
           that
           of
           
             Solomons
          
           royall
           Court
           ,
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           when
           his
           unparralleld
           wisdome
           had
           made
           Silver
           as
           stones
           in
           
             Jerusalem
             ,
          
           and
           Cedars
           as
           vulgar
           as
           Sycamores
           used
           to
           be
           in
           other
           places
           .
        
         
           T
           is
           written
           of
           his
           raigne
           (
           by
           an
           inspired
           Author
           )
           that
           it
           made
           Silver
           of
           no
           account
           ,
           that
           in
           one
           yeer
           there
           flowed
           into
           his
           Exchequer
           666
           Talents
           of
           pure
           Gold
           ;
           that
           besides
           all
           his
           Masses
           of
           
             Ophir
          
           gold
           ,
           he
           abounded
           with
           other
           various
           Treasures
           ,
           precious
           stones
           ,
           &c.
           such
           as
           the
           Merchants
           of
           Spices
           ,
           the
           Governours
           of
           the
           Countrie
           ,
           and
           the
           Kings
           of
           
             Arabia
          
           did
           import
           .
           
             Solomon
          
           was
           no
           warriour
           ,
           nor
           born
           Lord
           of
           many
           Nations
           ,
           nor
           did
           his
           
             Jewish
          
           Signiory
           extend
           it selfe
           over
           any
           large
           Tract
           in
           the
           universe
           :
           t
           is
           onely
           written
           of
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           at
           Sea
           a
           Navie
           of
           
             Tarshish
          
           with
           
             Hirams
             ,
          
           &
           the
           same
           Navie
           once
           in
           3
           years
           returned
           home
           fraighted
           with
           gold
           ,
           silver
           ,
           ivory
           &c.
           
           
             Hiram
          
           being
           hitherto
           straitned
           in
           the
           mediterranean
           Seas
           ,
           could
           not
           gaine
           the
           
             Stronds
          
           of
           
             Arabia
             ,
             Persia
             ,
             India
             ,
             China
             ,
          
           &c.
           without
           incompassing
           the
           Capes
           or
           
             Africa
             ,
          
           and
           crossing
           the
           Suns
           torrid
           line
           :
           but
           upon
           terms
           of
           partnership
           
             Solomon
          
           is
           now
           able
           to
           let
           him
           in
           to
           that
           
             Southern
          
           Ocean
           by
           a
           way
           far
           more
           compendious
           .
        
         
           
             Pharaoh
          
           on
           the
           further
           side
           of
           the
           red
           sea
           is
           
             Solomons
          
           neer
           Allye
           :
           and
           the
           
             Edomites
          
           on
           this
           side
           are
           his
           tributary
           servants
           :
           hereupon
           
           things
           ▪
           are
           so
           composed
           betwixt
           the
           
             Jews
             ,
          
           and
           
             Tyrians
             ,
          
           that
           it
           is
           as
           beneficiall
           for
           the
           
             Tyr●ans
          
           to
           serve
           the
           
             Jews
          
           with
           their
           skill
           in
           Astronomy
           ,
           and
           Hidrography
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           
             Jews
          
           to
           serve
           the
           
             Tyrians
          
           with
           their
           harbours
           ,
           and
           ships
           .
           Therefore
           the
           Queen
           of
           
             Sheba
          
           (
           till
           her
           eyes
           were
           ascertained
           with
           substances
           )
           might
           well
           withhold
           her
           beleife
           from
           entertaining
           ,
           that
           stupendious
           report
           which
           was
           blowne
           about
           the
           world
           concerning
           
             Solomon
             ;
          
           and
           well
           might
           her
           spirit
           after
           sinke
           within
           her
           ,
           when
           her
           eyes
           had
           once
           encountered
           with
           the
           radiant
           Majesty
           of
           
             Solomon
             ,
          
           whereby
           the
           blasts
           of
           Fames
           Trumpet
           were
           so
           far
           drowned
           ,
           and
           transcended
           .
           Of
           all
           
             Solomons
          
           successors
           we
           read
           of
           none
           but
           
             Jeh●saphat
             ,
          
           that
           ever
           thought
           of
           rigging
           new
           navies
           in
           
             Ezion-geber
             ;
          
           and
           He
           neverthelesse
           though
           he
           had
           the
           
             Edomites
          
           his
           homagers
           ,
           and
           was
           also
           much
           renowned
           for
           his
           wisdome
           ,
           and
           grandour
           ,
           found
           this
           designe
           unfeasible
           ,
           and
           the
           way
           to
           
             Ophir
          
           altogether
           unpassable
           .
           This
           is
           a
           cleer
           chrisis
           to
           indicate
           how
           profound
           the
           judgment
           ,
           and
           how
           broad
           the
           comprehension
           of
           
             Solomon
          
           was
           ,
           before
           whom
           (
           till
           apostacie
           had
           alien'd
           his
           God
           from
           him
           )
           no
           difficulties
           were
           able
           to
           stand
           :
           yet
           't
           was
           not
           so
           admirable
           in
           
             Solomon
             ,
          
           that
           he
           amassed
           such
           incredible
           treasures
           ,
           as
           that
           he
           amassed
           them
           by
           Peacefull
           arts
           ,
           and
           not
           by
           the
           dint
           of
           his
           sword
           .
        
         
           The
           tragicall
           exploits
           of
           
             Alexander
             ,
          
           and
           
             Caesar
             ,
          
           may
           be
           accounted
           
             magna
             ,
             &
             splendida
             Latrocinia
             ,
          
           if
           they
           be
           compared
           to
           the
           feats
           of
           Merchandize
           exercised
           by
           
             Solomon
          
           and
           the
           other
           Kings
           of
           
             Tyre
          
           and
           
             Arabia
             ;
          
           and
           yet
           we
           may
           doubt
           too
           ,
           whether
           the
           spoile
           of
           the
           East
           to
           
             Alexander
             ,
          
           or
           of
           the
           West
           to
           
             Caesar
          
           were
           equall
           in
           value
           to
           all
           
             Solomons
          
           Cargazoons
           .
        
         
           Whilest
           the
           cruell●d
           predations
           of
           war
           impoverish
           ,
           dispeople
           and
           by
           horrid
           devastations
           root
           up
           ,
           and
           so
           shrinke
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           great
           Empires
           into
           small
           Provinces
           :
           Merchandise
           on
           the
           other
           side
           beautifies
           ,
           inriches
           ,
           impowers
           little
           States
           ,
           and
           so
           alters
           their
           naturall
           dimensions
           ,
           that
           they
           seem
           to
           swell
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           into
           spacious
           Empires
           .
           This
           martiall
           
             Hero
          
           has
           inscribed
           upon
           his
           Statue
           :
           that
           he
           has
           fought
           so
           many
           picht
           battells
           ,
           that
           he
           has
           ●●th
           his
           rapid
           lightnings
           spread
           a
           suddain
           conflagration
           over
           so
           many
           Kingdomes
           ;
           that
           with
           the
           losse
           of
           100000
           fellow
           Souldiers
           he
           has
           purchased
           the
           slaughter
           of
           1000000
           Enemies
           ,
           at
           least
           such
           as
           he
           would
           needs
           make
           ,
           and
           stile
           his
           Enemies
           .
           But
           
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           that
           gentle
           unbloody
           Prince
           which
           by
           his
           severall
           dispersed
           Carricks
           visits
           each
           climate
           of
           the
           world
           onely
           to
           plunder
           the
           Earths
           caverns
           of
           her
           Mettalls
           ,
           or
           the
           Rocks
           of
           their
           Diamonds
           ,
           or
           the
           Deepe
           it self
           of
           its
           pearles
           ;
           merits
           to
           be
           celebrated
           for
           the
           common
           benefactor
           of
           mankind
           ,
           aswell
           for
           the
           necessaries
           which
           he
           convaies
           unto
           other
           Nations
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           more
           pretious
           wares
           ▪
           which
           he
           recovers
           out
           of
           the
           darke
           abisse
           of
           nature
           ,
           and
           relades
           for
           the
           use
           of
           his
           own
           Subjects
           .
        
         
           Howsoever
           this
           one
           instance
           of
           
             Solomon
          
           (
           to
           lay
           aside
           all
           other
           instances
           of
           Princes
           ,
           that
           have
           engaged
           themselves
           in
           such
           like
           mercatorian
           negotiations
           )
           makes
           it
           plain
           ,
           that
           the
           most
           Majesticall
           of
           all
           Kings
           that
           ever
           raigned
           ,
           was
           the
           most
           ample
           adventurer
           that
           ever
           traffickt
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           had
           not
           been
           so
           great
           a
           Prince
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           not
           been
           so
           ample
           a
           Merchant
           :
           for
           it
           is
           more
           then
           probable
           that
           al
           the
           Tributes
           of
           
             Judea
          
           were
           inconsiderable
           in
           comparison
           of
           the
           returns
           which
           
             Tarshish
          
           did
           afford
           .
        
         
           It
           must
           needs
           follow
           therefore
           from
           the
           same
           very
           instance
           ,
           that
           the
           devouring
           ,
           piraticall
           Trade
           of
           war
           is
           not
           so
           honourable
           ,
           or
           so
           fit
           to
           magnifie
           Princes
           ,
           and
           make
           happie
           Nations
           ,
           as
           that
           ingenious
           just
           Art
           of
           commerce
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           exercised
           without
           rigor
           ,
           or
           effusion
           of
           blood
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           then
           close
           up
           all
           with
           this
           application
           to
           our
           own
           Nation
           :
           if
           Merchandise
           be
           truly
           noble
           :
           if
           the
           raies
           which
           streamed
           so
           plentifull
           from
           
             Solomons
          
           diadem
           were
           more
           supplyde
           by
           traffick
           ,
           then
           by
           tribute
           ;
           let
           not
           
             England
          
           totally
           neglect
           Merchants
           .
           Let
           us
           look
           into
           the
           causes
           that
           make
           Trade
           so
           dead
           amongst
           us
           at
           present
           ,
           and
           the
           fittest
           remedies
           that
           possibly
           may
           recover
           it
           .
           In
           the
           
             East
             Indies
          
           we
           know
           who
           they
           are
           ,
           that
           by
           cruelty
           have
           opprest
           us
           ;
           In
           
             Russia
          
           we
           may
           take
           notice
           who
           they
           are
           ,
           that
           by
           subtilty
           have
           supplanted
           us
           .
           Here
           in
           
             Germany
          
           our
           Priviledges
           are
           ill
           kept
           ;
           in
           
             Holland
          
           they
           are
           worse
           .
        
         
           In
           many
           Countries
           the
           manufactures
           in
           Silkes
           ,
           and
           Cottonwools
           increase
           .
           In
           High
           ,
           and
           
             Low
             Germany
          
           the
           store
           of
           sheep
           is
           increased
           ,
           and
           of
           late
           the
           kinde
           of
           them
           especially
           in
           
             Silesia
          
           is
           much
           improoved
           ,
           hereby
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           help
           of
           
             Spanish
          
           woolls
           ,
           nay
           of
           
             English
          
           woolls
           too
           ,
           &
           Fullers
           Earth
           daily
           exported
           against
           Law
           ,
           our
           
             English
          
           Draperies
           are
           extreamely
           brought
           low
           .
        
         
           The
           late
           obstructions
           and
           calamities
           of
           civill
           war
           in
           our
           Kingdome
           ,
           
           concurring
           with
           other
           annoyances
           done
           us
           by
           the
           Kings
           Agents
           abroad
           ,
           and
           millitary
           Commissions
           upon
           the
           Sea
           ,
           have
           added
           more
           to
           our
           ruine
           .
           Moreover
           ,
           in
           other
           things
           the
           Times
           seeme
           to
           looke
           towards
           a
           Reformation
           ,
           but
           in
           matters
           of
           Trade
           Order
           and
           regulation
           it self
           is
           opposed
           ,
           and
           confusion
           under
           the
           Name
           of
           Liberty
           is
           now
           more
           then
           ever
           publickly
           pleaded
           for
           .
           The
           King
           by
           his
           Proclamation
           had
           formerly
           a
           ●etted
           his
           Progenitors
           grant
           to
           us
           ,
           and
           the
           Parliament
           lately
           has
           corroborated
           the
           Kings
           Proclamations
           ,
           yet
           nothing
           can
           secure
           as
           against
           intruding
           
             Interlopers
             .
          
           By
           this
           meanes
           Merchandize
           is
           brought
           to
           a
           low
           ebbe
           ,
           20
           Ships
           yearly
           in
           former
           times
           did
           attend
           us
           here
           in
           
             Hamburgh
             ,
          
           now
           6.
           are
           sufficient
           to
           supply
           us
           ,
           and
           though
           our
           Company
           be
           in
           this
           Consumption
           ;
           some
           other
           Companies
           waste
           away
           worse
           then
           ours
           .
           All
           these
           mischeifs
           perhaps
           are
           not
           remediable
           ,
           yet
           let
           us
           use
           the
           best
           remedies
           we
           can
           ,
           and
           such
           as
           are
           most
           seasonable
           .
        
         
           In
           
             Platoes
          
           Opinion
           those
           Common-wealths
           were
           most
           likely
           to
           prosper
           where
           learned
           men
           ruled
           ,
           or
           Rulers
           were
           learned
           .
           Within
           the
           circle
           of
           
             Platoes
          
           learning
           let
           us
           comprehend
           the
           mysteries
           of
           commerce
           .
           In
           
             Solomons
          
           dayes
           that
           kinde
           of
           learning
           did
           wonderfull
           things
           towards
           the
           advancing
           of
           States
           ;
           and
           of
           late
           as
           
             Venice
          
           a
           City
           of
           Merchants
           has
           been
           the
           Bulwark
           of
           
             Europe
          
           against
           the
           
             Turk
             :
          
           so
           the
           Seates
           in
           the
           United
           Provinces
           by
           Trade
           more
           then
           Arms
           ,
           have
           gotten
           the
           sword
           of
           Arbitration
           into
           their
           hands
           .
           
             Spain
             ,
          
           and
           
             France
             ,
          
           and
           other
           Nations
           no
           ware
           fain
           to
           court
           those
           Merchants
           ,
           which
           not
           long
           since
           were
           belowe
           their
           scorn
           .
           Let
           it
           then
           be
           lawfull
           to
           propose
           :
           either
           that
           a
           certain
           number
           of
           able
           Merchants
           may
           be
           made
           Privy
           Councellors
           :
           or
           so
           many
           Privy
           Councellors
           specially
           designed
           to
           intend
           matters
           of
           Trade
           ;
           or
           let
           some
           other
           H●●●●●…
           Councell
           be
           impowred
           solely
           ▪
           to
           promote
           the
           Common
           weal
           of
           Merchants
           .
        
      
       
       
         
           By
           the
           King
           .
           A
           Proclamation
           for
           the
           better
           Ordering
           the
           Transportation
           of
           Clothes
           ,
           and
           other
           Woollen
           Manufactures
           into
           Germany
           ,
           and
           the
           Low-Countreys
           .
        
         
           VVHereas
           We
           have
           taken
           into
           our
           Princely
           Consideration
           the
           manifold
           benefits
           that
           redound
           to
           this
           Kingdom
           by
           the
           Manufacture
           of
           Woollen
           Clothes
           ,
           and
           the
           Transportation
           and
           venting
           thereof
           in
           forrein
           parts
           :
           and
           finding
           how
           much
           good
           government
           ,
           and
           managing
           the
           said
           Trade
           in
           an
           Orderly
           way
           will
           conduce
           to
           the
           increase
           ,
           and
           advancement
           of
           the
           same
           :
           We
           for
           the
           better
           settling
           of
           Order
           therein
           for
           the
           time
           to
           come
           ,
           have
           thought
           fit
           with
           advice
           of
           Our
           Privy
           Councell
           ,
           to
           declare
           Our
           Royall
           pleasure
           herein
           :
           And
           do
           therefore
           hereby
           strictly
           will
           and
           Command
           ,
           that
           no
           Person
           ,
           or
           Persons
           ,
           Subject
           ,
           or
           Subjects
           of
           this
           our
           Realm
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           shall
           at
           any
           time
           from
           and
           after
           the
           Feast
           of
           
             Purification
             ,
          
           &c.
           now
           next
           coming
           ,
           Ship
           ,
           transport
           ,
           carrie
           ,
           or
           convay
           ,
           or
           cause
           to
           be
           shipped
           ,
           &c.
           either
           from
           Our
           City
           and
           Port
           of
           
             London
             ,
          
           or
           from
           any
           other
           City
           ,
           Town
           ,
           Port
           ,
           Haven
           ,
           or
           Creek
           of
           this
           Our
           Realm
           of
           
             England
          
           by
           way
           of
           Merchandice
           any
           White-clothes
           ,
           coloured
           Clothes
           ,
           Clothes
           dressed
           ,
           and
           Died
           out
           of
           the
           Whites
           ,
           Clothes
           called
           Spanish
           Clothes
           ,
           Bayes
           ,
           Kersys
           ,
           Perpetuanoes
           ,
           Stockings
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           
             English
          
           Woollen
           commodities
           unto
           any
           the
           Cities
           ,
           Towns
           ,
           places
           in
           
             Germany
             ,
          
           or
           the
           17.
           
           Provinces
           of
           the
           
             Netherlands
             ,
          
           save
           onely
           ,
           and
           except
           to
           the
           Mart
           ,
           and
           Staple-towns
           of
           the
           Fellowship
           of
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           in
           those
           parts
           for
           the
           time
           being
           ,
           or
           to
           one
           of
           them
           .
        
         
           And
           further
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           that
           the
           said
           Trade
           may
           be
           hereafter
           reduced
           ,
           and
           continued
           in
           an
           orderly
           and
           well
           govern'd
           course
           :
           We
           do
           hereby
           declare
           Our
           Royall
           pleasure
           to
           be
           ,
           that
           the
           Fellowship
           of
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           shall
           admit
           into
           their
           
             Freedom
          
           of
           their
           said
           Trade
           all
           such
           our
           Subjects
           dwelling
           in
           our
           City
           of
           
             London
             ,
          
           and
           exercised
           in
           the
           Profession
           of
           Merchants
           :
           and
           not
           
           Shop-keepers
           ,
           except
           they
           give
           over
           their
           Shops
           ,
           as
           shall
           desire
           the
           same
           ,
           for
           the
           Fines
           of
           50
           li.
           apiece
           ;
           if
           they
           shall
           take
           their
           
             Freedom
          
           before
           Midsommer
           next
           ;
           And
           that
           the
           said
           Fellowship
           shall
           likewise
           receive
           and
           admit
           into
           their
           
             Freedom
          
           such
           our
           Subjects
           of
           the
           Outports
           of
           this
           Our
           Kingdom
           ,
           as
           being
           exercised
           in
           the
           Trade
           of
           Merchants
           shall
           desire
           the
           same
           ,
           paying
           them
           25
           li
           .
           apiece
           for
           their
           Fine
           or
           Income
           :
           if
           they
           shall
           take
           their
           said
           
             Fredom
          
           before
           Michaelmas
           next
           ▪
           And
           that
           the
           Sons
           ,
           and
           Servants
           of
           such
           as
           shall
           be
           so
           admitted
           ,
           as
           aforesaid
           ,
           shall
           pay
           to
           the
           said
           Fellowship
           at
           their
           severall
           admissions
           thereunto
           the
           summe
           of
           6
           —
           13
           —
           4.
           apiece
           .
           And
           that
           all
           such
           persons
           ,
           as
           shall
           not
           accept
           ,
           and
           come
           into
           the
           said
           
             Freedom
          
           before
           the
           dayes
           herein
           prefixed
           ,
           shall
           pay
           the
           double
           of
           the
           Fines
           before
           limited
           respectively
           ,
           in
           case
           they
           shall
           afterwards
           desire
           to
           be
           admitted
           into
           the
           said
           Fellowship
           .
        
         
           And
           Our
           further
           will
           ,
           and
           pleasure
           is
           ,
           and
           We
           do
           hereby
           command
           and
           inhibit
           all
           ,
           and
           every
           of
           our
           Subjects
           ,
           not
           being
           Free
           of
           the
           said
           Fellowship
           of
           Merchant
           Adventurers
           ,
           that
           they
           ,
           or
           any
           of
           them
           shal
           not
           presume
           to
           Trade
           in
           any
           the
           fore-named
           Commodities
           into
           any
           the
           parts
           or
           places
           of
           
             Germany
             ,
          
           or
           
             Low-Countreys
          
           from
           or
           after
           the
           said
           Feast
           of
           
             Purification
          
           next
           ensuing
           ,
           upon
           pain
           of
           Our
           high
           displeasure
           ,
           and
           of
           such
           punishments
           as
           Our
           Court
           of
           Star-Chamber
           ,
           whom
           We
           especially
           charge
           with
           the
           execution
           of
           Our
           Royall
           pleasure
           herein
           ,
           shall
           think
           fit
           to
           inflict
           for
           such
           contempts
           .
        
         
           
             White
             Hall
             :
             
               Decemb.
               7.
               10.
               of
               Our
               Reign
               .
               1634
               ▪
            
          
        
      
       
       
         
           Die
           .
           Merc.
           11.
           Octob.
           1643.
           
           An
           Ordinance
           of
           the
           LORDS
           and
           COMMONS
           in
           Parliament
           Assembled
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           upholding
           of
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Fellowship
           of
           
             Merchant
             Adventurers
          
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           to
           the
           better
           maintenance
           of
           the
           Trade
           of
           
             Clothing
             ,
          
           and
           
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             .
          
        
         
           FOr
           the
           better
           incouragement
           and
           supportation
           of
           the
           Fellowship
           of
           
             Merchant
             Adventurers
          
           of
           
             England
             ,
          
           which
           hath
           been
           found
           very
           serviceable
           and
           profitable
           to
           this
           State
           :
           and
           for
           the
           better
           government
           ,
           and
           regulation
           of
           Trade
           ,
           especially
           that
           ancient
           and
           great
           Trade
           of
           
             Clothing
             ,
          
           whereby
           the
           same
           will
           be
           much
           advanced
           to
           the
           Common
           good
           ,
           and
           benefit
           of
           the
           people
           :
           The
           
             Lords
          
           and
           
             Commons
          
           in
           Parliament
           do
           Ordain
           :
           that
           the
           said
           Fellowship
           shall
           continue
           ,
           and
           be
           a
           Corporation
           ,
           and
           shall
           have
           power
           to
           levie
           moneys
           on
           the
           Members
           of
           their
           Corporation
           ,
           and
           their
           goods
           ,
           for
           their
           necessary
           charge
           ,
           and
           maintenance
           of
           their
           Government
           :
           and
           that
           no
           person
           shall
           Trade
           into
           those
           parts
           ,
           limited
           by
           their
           Incorporation
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           are
           Free
           of
           that
           Corporation
           ,
           upon
           forfeiture
           of
           their
           goods
           .
           Provided
           ,
           that
           the
           said
           Fellowship
           shall
           not
           exclude
           any
           person
           from
           his
           
             Freedom
             ,
          
           and
           Admission
           into
           the
           said
           Fellowship
           which
           shall
           desire
           it
           by
           way
           of
           Redemption
           ,
           if
           such
           person
           by
           their
           custome
           be
           capable
           thereof
           ,
           and
           hath
           been
           bred
           a
           Merchant
           ,
           and
           shall
           pay
           100
           livre.
           for
           the
           same
           ,
           if
           He
           be
           Free
           ,
           and
           an
           Inhabitant
           of
           the
           City
           of
           
             London
             ,
          
           and
           trade
           from
           that
           Port
           ,
           or
           50
           livre.
           if
           He
           be
           not
           Free
           ,
           and
           no
           Inhabitant
           of
           the
           said
           City
           ,
           and
           trade
           not
           from
           thence
           :
           and
           that
           the
           said
           Fellowship
           shall
           have
           power
           to
           imprison
           Members
           of
           their
           Company
           in
           matters
           of
           their
           government
           ,
           and
           to
           give
           such
           an
           Oath
           ,
           or
           Oaths
           ,
           to
           them
           as
           shall
           be
           approved
           of
           by
           both
           Houses
           of
           Parliament
           .
           Provided
           ,
           that
           all
           rights
           confirmed
           by
           an
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           or
           ancient
           Charters
           ,
           shall
           be
           hereby
           saved
           .
           And
           the
           said
           Lords
           and
           Commons
           do
           further
           Ordain
           ,
           
           
           
           That
           withall
           convenient
           expedition
           ,
           a
           〈◊〉
           shall
           be
           prepared
           in
           Order
           to
           an
           Act
           of
           Parliament
           to
           be
           passed
           in
           this
           present
           Parliament
           ,
           for
           the
           further
           setling
           ,
           and
           full
           confirming
           of
           the
           Priviledges
           to
           the
           said
           Fellowship
           ,
           with
           such
           other
           clauses
           ,
           and
           provisions
           as
           shall
           be
           found
           expedient
           by
           both
           Houses
           of
           Parliament
           .
           This
           Ordinance
           to
           remain
           in
           full
           force
           ,
           untill
           a
           Bill
           or
           Act
           shall
           be
           prepared
           and
           passed
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           intent
           and
           true
           meaning
           of
           this
           Ordinance
           .
           And
           it
           is
           Ordered
           ,
           that
           this
           Ordinance
           be
           forthwith
           Printed
           and
           publisht
           ,
           that
           all
           persons
           concerned
           therein
           may
           take
           notice
           thereof
           ,
           as
           appertaineth
           .
        
         
           
             Jo
             :
             Browne
             Cler
             :
             Par.
             
          
           〈◊〉
           :
           Elsyng
           Cler
           :
           Par.
           
           Dom.
           Com.
           
        
         
           FINIS
           .