Distant Reader - author-marshallStephen-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-23 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 40 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 740,225 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 18,505 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 94. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, will, one, may, lord, christ, shall, church, bee, non, people, roman, us, man, first, yet, men, now, things, gods, covenant, say, hee, doe, great, many, must, time, make, good, come, onely, though, heart, therefore, text, made, might, children, know, world, life, thing, every, let, much, day, never, ever, doth

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The vvorks of Mr Stephen Marshall, late minister of the Gospel at Finching-Field in Essex. And since at Ipswitch in Suffolk. The first part. Viz. I. Of Christ''s intercession. And of sins of infirmity. II. The high priviledge of beleevers. They are the sons of God. III. Faith the only means spiritually to feed on Christ. IV. Of self-denial. V. The saints duty to keep their heart in a good frame, etc. VI. The mystery of spiritual life. Attested by Ralph Venning. Thomas Lye. Thomas Jacomb., A defence of infant-baptism: in answer to two treatises, and an appendix to them concerning it; lately published by Mr. Jo. Tombes. Wherein that controversie is fully discussed, the ancient and generally received use of it from the apostles dayes, untill the Anabaptists sprung up in Germany, manifested. The arguments for it from the holy Scriptures maintained, and the objections against it answered. / By Steven Marshall B.D. minister of the Gospell, at Finchingfield in Essex., and The strong helper or, The interest, and power of the prayers of the destitute, for the building up of Sion. Opened in a sermon before the Honorable House of Commons assembled in Parliament, upon the solemn day of their monethly fast, April 30. 1645. / By Stephen Marshall, B.D. minister of Gods Word, at Finching-field in Essex..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

roman non, jesus christ, gods people, every one, let us, may bee, early english, english books, god will, holy ghost, shall bee, books online, stephen marshall, two things, hee will, one another, page images, lords supper, will bee, textual changes, new testament, taken away, defects per, lord jesus, every man, gods wrath, will never, gods word, sermon preached, three things, must bee, shall finde, will give, must needs, christ jesus, may say, might bee, visible church, will make, take away, shall find, right honourable, spiritual life, wee may, bee baptized, lord will, may see, many things, great things, lords day

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are A tvvo-edged svvord out of the mouth of babes, to execute vengeance upon the enemy and avenger. Presented in a sermon to the Right Honourable the House of Lords assembled in Parliament, in the Abbey-Church at Westminster, Octob. 28. 1646. the solemn day of their monthly fast. / By Stephen Marshall B.D. minister of Gods Word at Finchingfield in Essex. A thanksgiving sermon: preached to the Right Honorable the Lord Maior, aldermen, and Common Councell of the Citie of London, upon occasion of the many late and signall victories, and deliverances vouchsafed to the Parliaments forces, in Pauls Church London, July 28. 1648. By Stephen Marshall, B.D. Minister of Gods Word at Finchingfield in Essex., and The strong helper or, The interest, and power of the prayers of the destitute, for the building up of Sion. Opened in a sermon before the Honorable House of Commons assembled in Parliament, upon the solemn day of their monethly fast, April 30. 1645. / By Stephen Marshall, B.D. minister of Gods Word, at Finching-field in Essex..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

god, church, lord, christ, king, gods, roman, kingdome, text, religion, parliament, scripture, covenant, zion, spirit, people, nation, churches, christian, saints, mr., marshall, man, majesty, jewes, government, england, apostles, stephen, reformation, psalme, presbyters, parents, non, ministers, magistrate, law, land, infants, house, heart, fast, david, city, baptisme, babylon, wrath, world, work, word

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and A letter of spirituall advice written to Mr. Stephen Marshall in his sicknesse by one of his brethren in the clergy, Mart. I, M DC XLIII. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

people, man, men, things, time, heart, thing, day, world, children, life, way, power, hee, nothing, work, others, hath, part, text, faith, times, glory, cause, words, place, word, hearts, grace, end, hand, infants, reason, one, truth, selves, hands, scripture, gods, religion, enemies, doth, name, body, self, strength, argument, prayer, wrath, none

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, were, had, say, bee, make, come, did, made, know, been, let, do, being, give, take, said, set, done, see, put, called, hath, doe, answer, taken, live, according, am, baptized, wil, prove, given, found, brought, think, find, bring, read, leave, came, stand, call, meant, lay, go

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, lord, christ, church, covenant, hath, gods, doe, c., 〉, thou, bee, ◊, 〈, wee, baptisme, hee, heaven, kingdome, lords, king, text, parliament, jesus, england, marshall, spirit, mr., churches, yea, stephen, christs, christians, al, word, law, zion, david, israel, jewes, father, bishops, owne, holy, christian, ●, bishop, apostles, commons, paul

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, you, i, his, they, them, their, he, him, our, your, we, us, my, me, thy, themselves, her, himself, thee, she, its, ours, theirs, mine, yours, one, ye, yee, hers, elias, l, hee, ●, yea, wil, whereof, severall, herself, yourselves, yeer, whosoever, vvhat, vp, vo, uur, ur, u, thou, s

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

non, -, roman, other, such, many, great, good, same, more, first, own, true, whole, much, little, new, second, holy, saith, able, very, visible, greatest, few, present, full, excellent, most, particular, common, right, better, best, last, old, honourable, former, wicked, lawfull, sure, like, high, greater, strong, least, next, early, necessary, willing

not, so, then, now, up, more, therefore, onely, as, out, first, thus, never, ever, yet, even, here, most, secondly, also, well, very, only, in, much, away, there, indeed, off, down, together, thirdly, that, all, is, rather, too, no, on, especially, sometimes, further, still, once, long, else, fully, before, forth, often

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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