Distant Reader - author-lenthallWilliam-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-23 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 35 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 132,882 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 3,796 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 86. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

shall, parliament, text, court, house, may, law, without, made, will, answer, commons, king, one, great, time, england, english, order, mr, good, us, costs, people, men, commission, william, early, party, now, first, books, many, sir, lenthall, taken, therefore, day, much, also, bill, yet, letter, london, speaker, take, part, case, god, plaintiff

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The legall fundamentall liberties of the people of England revived, asserted, and vindicated. Or, an epistle written the eighth day of June 1649, by Lieut. Colonel John Lilburn (arbitrary and aristocratical prisoner in the Tower of London) to Mr. William Lenthall Speaker to the remainder of those few knights, citizens, and burgesses that Col. Thomas Pride at his late purge thought convenient to leave sitting at Westminster ... who ... pretendedly stile themselves ... the Parliament of England, intrusted and authorised by the consent of all the people thereof, whose representatives by election ... they are; although they are never able to produce one bit of a law, or any piece of a commission to prove, that all the people of England, ... authorised Thomas Pride, ... to chuse them a Parliament, as indeed he hath de facto done by this pretended mock-Parliament: and therefore it cannot properly be called the nations or peoples Parliament, but Col. Pride''s and his associates, whose really it is; who, although they have beheaded the King for a tyrant, yet walk in his oppressingest steps, if not worse and higher., A collection of such of the orders heretofore used in Chauncery, with such alterations & additions thereunto, as the Right Honorable the Lords Commissioners for the Great Seal of England, by and with the advice and assistance of the Honorable the Master of the Rolls, have thought fit at present (in order to a further reformation now under their Lordships consideration) to ordain and publish, for reforming of several abuses in the said court, preventing multiplicity of suits, motions, and unnecessary charge to the suitors, and for their more expeditious and certain course for relief., and A collection of such of the orders heretofore used in Chauncery with such alterations and additions thereunto, as the Right Honourable the Lords Commissioners for the Great Seal of England, by and with the advice and assistance of the Honorable the Master of the Rolls, have thought fit at present (in order to a further reformation now under their Lordships consideration) to ordain and publish for reforming of several abuses in the said Court, preventing multiplicity of suits, motions, and unnecessary charge to the suitors, and for their more expeditious and certain course for relief..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

early english, english books, books online, textual changes, page images, william lenthall, great britain, speakers speech, text creation, creation partnership, pfs batch, institutions providing, creative commons, image set, financial support, iv tiff, images scanned, encoded edition, markup reviewed, tiff page, online text, providing financial, xml conversion, commercial purposes, tcp assigned, bit group, text transcribed, proquest page, without asking, work described, encoded text, asking permission, batch review, digital transcription, annotation includes, professional end, computationally tractable, english short, collaborative curation, enriched version, fully proofread, proofread approx, metadata enrichments, defects per, archaic forms, enrichments aim, changes aim, standard spellings, earlyprint project, standardized format

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The legall fundamentall liberties of the people of England revived, asserted, and vindicated. Or, an epistle written the eighth day of June 1649, by Lieut. Colonel John Lilburn (arbitrary and aristocratical prisoner in the Tower of London) to Mr. William Lenthall Speaker to the remainder of those few knights, citizens, and burgesses that Col. Thomas Pride at his late purge thought convenient to leave sitting at Westminster ... who ... pretendedly stile themselves ... the Parliament of England, intrusted and authorised by the consent of all the people thereof, whose representatives by election ... they are; although they are never able to produce one bit of a law, or any piece of a commission to prove, that all the people of England, ... authorised Thomas Pride, ... to chuse them a Parliament, as indeed he hath de facto done by this pretended mock-Parliament: and therefore it cannot properly be called the nations or peoples Parliament, but Col. Pride''s and his associates, whose really it is; who, although they have beheaded the King for a tyrant, yet walk in his oppressingest steps, if not worse and higher. The true coppy of a letter sent by Mr Speaker to the sheriffes of severall counties. Namely: Worcester, Cambridge, Huntington, Lecester, North-hampton, Warwick, and Rutland. Which have not as yet paid in the poll-money. With the copy of an order sent from the Lords and Commons now assembled in Parliament to these severall counties before-named, for the speedy transportaion of that money to York for disbanding of his Majesties army. And they that are found faulty, shall incurre both the ill-opinion and severe punishment of both Houses of Parliament. August 24. 1641., and The declaration of the gentry, of the county of Norfolk, and of the county and city of Norvvich.

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

parliament, house, king, william, court, commons, town, speakers, sheriffes, plaintiff, order, nation, majesty, lord, excellency, defendent, commission, castle, thursday, sir, prince, mr., members, master, majesties, lords, lieutenant, liberties, laws, law, kings, kingdom, justice, honorable, government, fairfax, excellencies, estate, england, enemy, early, declaration, authority, army, agreement, act, a47694

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be shall, and Sir Thomas Fairfax''s letter to the Honorable William Lenthall Esq: Speaker of the House of Commons; concerning the taking of Sherborn Castle, with 16. pieces of ordnance, one morter piece, and 344. common souldiers. With another letter to the said Mr. Speaker, of the particulars of all the proceedings against the enemy at Sherborn Castle Together with a list of the prisoners of war, taken at Sherborn Castle, Aug. 15. 1645. Also, the oath taken by the inhabitants of Exeter. Ordered by the Commons in Parliament, that these letters with the list, be forthwith printed and published. H: Elsynge, Cler. Parl. D. Com. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

text, time, order, men, costs, people, party, day, part, case, letter, answer, power, end, life, books, images, 〈, man, words, matter, page, person, cause, contempt, money, ▪, xml, self, charge, things, changes, course, reason, thing, motion, way, place, house, others, kings, hath, work, peace, selves, members, hearing, hands, hand, world

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

be, is, have, was, are, had, were, made, being, been, said, do, taken, take, done, make, did, according, given, put, give, 〈, has, sent, set, read, say, concerning, encoded, pay, having, examined, aim, come, am, ordered, see, granted, admitted, came, answer, printed, making, found, called, declared, performed, know, discharged, brought

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

parliament, 〉, ◊, court, 〈, house, law, ●, commons, england, king, william, commission, sir, lenthall, mr., london, god, bill, tcp, plaintiff, hath, speaker, lords, army, master, lord, defendent, c., wing, majesty, act, kingdom, english, answer, justice, text, houses, transcribed, fairfax, laws, j, liberties, thomas, plea, generall, decree, majestie, ., pag

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, i, his, their, they, my, your, them, you, he, we, me, our, him, us, themselves, himself, its, ours, theirs, her, yours, mine, s, thy, ye, whereof, ve, she, severall, ourselves, myself, mself, bona, accus''d

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, same, other, own, great, many, good, early, english, true, more, much, new, present, first, textual, common, honorable, free, late, whole, further, sacred, particular, little, least, high, last, old, very, most, second, like, available, full, honourable, financial, commercial, tractable, suitable, standardized, standard, several, seekest, professional, keyboarded, honest, enriched, easier, digital

not, so, then, now, therefore, also, as, up, more, very, thereof, never, most, out, in, first, only, well, onely, ever, yet, together, online, there, away, much, fully, here, down, even, again, otherwise, especially, just, therein, above, before, whatsoever, over, thereby, linguistically, likewise, computationally, too, thus, long, further, about, still, no

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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