A discours of Dunkirk, with some reflexes upon the late surrender therof, &c. and other additions by a knowing and very worthy person.
         Howell, James, 1594?-1666.
      
       
         
           1664
        
      
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             A discours of Dunkirk, with some reflexes upon the late surrender therof, &c. and other additions by a knowing and very worthy person.
             Howell, James, 1594?-1666.
          
           [2], 34 p.
           
             Printed by J.C. for Samuel Speed,
             London :
             1664.
          
           
             Signed: Jam. Howell.
             Reproduction of original in Bodleian Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Dunkerque (France) -- History.
        
      
    
     
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           A
           DISCOURS
           OF
           DUNKIRK
           ,
           With
           some
           REFLEXES
           UPON
           The
           late
           Surrender
           therof
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           And
           other
           Additions
           ,
           
             By
             a
             knowing
             and
             very
             worthy
             Person
             .
          
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           by
           
             J.
             C.
          
           for
           
             Samuel
             Speed
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Rainbow
           in
           Fleetstreet
           .
           1664.
           
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           A
           Discours
           of
           DUNKIRK
           .
        
         
           IT
           can
           hardly
           be
           parallelld
           in
           Story
           ,
           That
           any
           place
           of
           such
           Defence
           ,
           as
           Dunkirk
           pretends
           to
           be
           ,
           had
           more
           various
           turns
           of
           Fortune
           ,
           and
           change
           of
           Masters
           in
           so
           short
           a
           revolution
           of
           time
           ;
           For
           this
           is
           the
           Fift
           New-Master
           that
           Dunkirk
           hath
           had
           in
           less
           then
           the
           compass
           of
           XX
           yeers
           ,
           wherof
           fower
           of
           them
           got
           Her
           by
           Force
           ;
           Which
           makes
           the
           World
           much
           question
           the
           strength
           and
           tenableness
           therof
           .
        
         
           The
           late
           Surrender
           that
           England
           made
           of
           this
           Town
           to
           the
           French
           ,
           though
           it
           was
           a
           pure
           
             Act
             of
             State
          
           ,
           (
           therfore
           not
           disputable
           
           by
           any
           )
           yet
           being
           a
           business
           of
           that
           general
           concernment
           ,
           and
           so
           open
           to
           the
           Eye
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           it
           hath
           ministred
           matter
           of
           much
           Talk
           ,
           and
           banding
           of
           Opinions
           among
           the
           Critiques
           of
           the
           Times
           ,
           as
           well
           Forreners
           as
           Others
           .
        
         
           The
           dessein
           of
           this
           small
           Tract
           is
           to
           set
           down
           the
           Arguments
           Pro
           and
           Contra
           ,
           relating
           to
           this
           great
           Action
           :
           For
           according
           to
           the
           Rule
           of
           the
           Schools
           ,
           
             Contraria
             juxta
             se
             posita
             magis
             elucescunt
          
           ;
           Contraries
           put
           cross
           grow
           more
           cleer
           .
           And
           as
           out
           of
           the
           Collision
           of
           Flint
           and
           Steel
           ,
           ther
           issues
           forth
           Fire
           ,
           so
           by
           confrontation
           ,
           and
           clash
           of
           Argument
           ,
           Truth
           comes
           to
           appear
           more
           perspicuous
           .
        
         
           
           
             The
             Affirmatif
             Arguments
             for
             detaining
             of
             Dunkirk
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             
               IT
               stood
               convenient
               to
               invade
            
             Flanders
             ,
             France
             ,
             
               and
               some
               Territories
               of
               the
            
             Hollanders
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             
               It
               might
               have
               served
               for
               a
               Nursery
               of
               training
               up
               Soldiers
               .
            
          
           
             3.
             
             
               It
               had
               secured
               Navigation
               ,
               and
               the
               Traffic
               of
               his
               Majesties
               Subjects
               .
            
          
           
             4.
             
             
               It
               might
               have
               bin
               brought
               to
               have
               bin
               a
            
             Porto
             Franco
             ,
             
               a
               Free
               Port
               ,
               and
               so
               have
               advancd
               Trade
               .
            
          
           
             5.
             
             
               It
               had
               bin
               a
               Repute
               for
            
             England
             
               to
               have
               kept
               it
               ,
               And
               a
               Disparagement
               to
               part
               with
               it
               .
            
          
        
         
           This
           I
           beleeve
           is
           all
           that
           can
           be
           said
           for
           the
           Affirmatif
           part
           .
        
         
         
           BEfore
           Arguments
           be
           producd
           to
           the
           contrary
           ,
           t
           is
           expedient
           that
           this
           distinction
           should
           precede
           ,
           Viz.
           
        
         
           
             That
             there
             are
          
           Forren
           
             Possessions
             or
             Places
             of
             two
             sorts
             .
          
        
         
           1.
           
           Ther
           are
           some
           that
           are
           got
           by
           the
           discovery
           of
           the
           Marchant
           ,
           where
           finding
           the
           Clime
           temperat
           ,
           the
           Soyle
           healthful
           ,
           and
           proper
           ,
           by
           the
           help
           of
           Industry
           ,
           to
           produce
           some
           Staple
           Commodities
           that
           may
           feed
           Trade
           ,
           and
           be
           fit
           for
           Sale
           or
           Barter
           ,
           He
           takes
           firm
           footing
           ,
           puts
           in
           his
           Spade
           ,
           and
           Plants
           .
           Such
           Transmarin
           Possessions
           carry
           many
           advantages
           with
           them
           ;
           They
           increase
           Shipping
           and
           Seamen
           ;
           They
           disburden
           the
           Kingdome
           of
           superfluous
           Peeple
           ;
           They
           nourish
           and
           improve
           Mutual
           Commerce
           ,
           and
           all
           this
           while
           consume
           nothing
           of
           the
           Publique
           Tresure
           ,
           but
           are
           able
           to
           subsist
           of
           themselfs
           ,
           The
           Souverain
           Prince
           giving
           only
           his
           Royal
           Protection
           ,
           encouragement
           and
           countenance
           ,
           with
           fit
           Governors
           therunto
           :
           
             Virginia
             ,
             Maryland
          
           ,
           the
           
             Bermudas
             ,
             Barbados
          
           ,
           with
           others
           of
           the
           Caribbe
           
           Islands
           ,
           and
           divers
           more
           in
           the
           Indies
           ,
           are
           places
           of
           this
           nature
           ,
           as
           Jamayca
           ,
           &c.
           
           And
           ther
           are
           great
           hopes
           that
           in
           
             Afric
             Tanger
          
           will
           prove
           so
           ,
           with
           other
           extraordinary
           advantages
           besides
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           But
           there
           are
           other
           Forren
           Possessions
           which
           cannot
           support
           themselfs
           either
           by
           benefit
           of
           Trade
           ,
           or
           Contributions
           of
           the
           adjacent
           Country
           ,
           but
           are
           meerly
           maintained
           by
           Praesidial
           Forces
           or
           Garison
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           exported
           tresure
           of
           the
           possessing
           Prince
           .
           England
           in
           Ages
           passd
           hath
           had
           divers
           Forren
           places
           of
           this
           quality
           ,
           But
           t
           was
           dayly
           found
           ,
           That
           they
           still
           Exhausted
           her
           Tresure
           and
           Armories
           ;
           They
           encreasd
           her
           cares
           and
           trouble
           ;
           They
           begot
           Jelousies
           in
           her
           Neighbours
           ;
           They
           disturbd
           her
           repose
           and
           quietude
           at
           home
           ,
           England
           slept
           best
           when
           she
           was
           without
           any
           such
           .
           And
           in
           the
           procedure
           of
           this
           Discourse
           ,
           I
           beleeve
           Dunkirk
           will
           appeer
           to
           be
           a
           place
           of
           that
           nature
           .
        
         
           This
           Distinction
           going
           before
           ,
           we
           will
           now
           take
           the
           Affirmatif
           Arguments
           for
           keeping
           of
           Dunkirk
           in
           their
           order
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           first
           three
           ,
           T
           is
           tru
           that
           
           Dunkirk
           by
           the
           site
           therof
           ,
           stands
           for
           a
           convenient
           Inlet
           into
           Flanders
           ,
           and
           the
           Territories
           annexd
           ;
           But
           for
           France
           and
           the
           United
           Provinces
           ,
           ther
           is
           another
           Prince's
           Country
           interposd
           before
           an
           Army
           can
           enter
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           but
           may
           be
           interrupted
           ,
           unless
           leave
           be
           granted
           ;
           And
           to
           force
           a
           passage
           would
           be
           an
           infringement
           of
           the
           peace
           by
           the
           one
           party
           ;
           And
           to
           permit
           a
           passage
           may
           be
           a
           breach
           of
           Article
           by
           the
           other
           part
           ,
           being
           in
           friendship
           with
           both
           .
        
         
           But
           touching
           the
           foresaid
           Nations
           ,
           ther
           be
           choice
           of
           other
           places
           ,
           and
           bold
           coasts
           far
           cheaper
           for
           England
           ,
           and
           more
           accessible
           ,
           and
           easie
           to
           be
           made
           use
           of
           for
           an
           Invasion
           in
           case
           of
           a
           war
           ,
           without
           keeping
           such
           a
           costly
           Key
           as
           Dunkirk
           ,
           yet
           not
           knowing
           when
           we
           shold
           have
           occasion
           to
           make
           use
           of
           it
           ,
           In
           regard
           His
           Majesty
           is
           at
           present
           in
           good
           terms
           with
           the
           said
           Nations
           ,
           and
           like
           to
           continue
           so
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           His
           Inclinations
           propending
           naturally
           rather
           to
           Peace
           then
           War
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Genius
           of
           his
           two
           blessed
           Immediat
           Predecessors
           .
           Now
           the
           keeping
           still
           of
           Dunkirk
           wold
           have
           inevitably
           drawn
           a
           War
           upon
           us
           ,
           and
           perchance
           from
           all
           the
           three
           .
           And
           let
           this
           surlice
           for
           an
           answer
           
             in
             part
          
           to
           the
           first
           
           three
           Arguments
           ,
           till
           we
           proceed
           further
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           other
           Argument
           ,
           viz.
           that
           Dunkirk
           might
           have
           served
           for
           a
           Seminary
           of
           Soldiers
           which
           England
           might
           have
           made
           use
           of
           in
           time
           of
           need
           ;
           To
           this
           t
           is
           answerd
           ,
           That
           the
           hundred
           and
           thirty
           thousand
           Pounds
           Sterling
           that
           went
           yeerly
           to
           maintain
           those
           Soldiers
           in
           Dunkirk
           ,
           (
           and
           towards
           the
           fortifying
           therof
           )
           which
           exported
           mony
           may
           be
           said
           to
           be
           like
           the
           Soul
           of
           Judas
           ,
           which
           never
           came
           back
           again
           ,
           as
           the
           Italian
           hath
           it
           ;
           I
           say
           ,
           that
           huge
           sum
           wold
           be
           far
           better
           spent
           at
           home
           within
           the
           Land
           to
           maintain
           a
           Military
           actual
           strength
           for
           security
           of
           Prince
           and
           Peeple
           against
           any
           Civil
           Insurrection
           ,
           by
           constant
           Regiments
           of
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ashore
           ,
           and
           a
           Squadron
           of
           Iusty
           men
           of
           War
           at
           Sea
           ,
           both
           which
           the
           Moneys
           that
           were
           transported
           weekly
           to
           Dunkirk
           ,
           will
           be
           able
           to
           keep
           in
           constant
           pay
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           fift
           Argument
           ,
           viz.
           That
           the
           keeping
           of
           Dunkirk
           wold
           have
           securd
           Navigation
           and
           Traffic
           ;
           T
           is
           answered
           ,
           That
           the
           next
           yeer
           after
           that
           England
           had
           a
           Garison
           and
           Governour
           in
           Dunkirk
           ,
           the
           town
           of
           Ostend
           &
           those
           of
           Biscay
           did
           us
           more
           mischief
           far
           then
           Dunkirk
           ever
           had
           done
           in
           
           so
           short
           a
           time
           :
           for
           the
           
           Dunkirk-Men
           of
           War
           going
           to
           those
           places
           ,
           ther
           were
           ships
           of
           ours
           of
           greater
           bulks
           ,
           and
           richer
           burdens
           taken
           then
           before
           ;
           the
           strength
           and
           soule
           of
           Dunkirk
           passing
           as
           it
           were
           by
           a
           kind
           of
           transmigration
           into
           those
           places
           .
           Moreover
           ,
           observable
           it
           is
           ,
           That
           when
           Queen
           Elizabeth
           was
           advisd
           by
           the
           Hollanders
           to
           take
           Dunkirk
           ,
           the
           matter
           being
           referrd
           to
           her
           Privy
           Council
           ,
           after
           much
           deliberation
           it
           was
           resolved
           ,
           That
           England
           was
           better
           without
           Dunkirk
           then
           with
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           for
           divers
           reasons
           of
           State
           ;
           One
           whereof
           was
           ,
           That
           it
           wold
           be
           a
           means
           that
           English
           Ships
           of
           a
           greater
           burden
           wold
           be
           built
           ,
           and
           cause
           her
           Marchant-men
           to
           go
           better
           armd
           abroad
           ,
           and
           with
           stouter
           Vessels
           ,
           which
           in
           case
           of
           necessity
           might
           serve
           the
           Public
           .
        
         
           Touching
           security
           of
           Trade
           ;
           T
           is
           well
           known
           that
           England
           hath
           Ports
           and
           Castles
           of
           her
           own
           ,
           to
           make
           her
           Seas
           narrow
           enough
           for
           Her
           ,
           to
           check
           and
           give
           Law
           to
           any
           that
           shall
           sayle
           in
           her
           Channels
           ,
           and
           consequently
           to
           defend
           her
           Marchants
           and
           others
           without
           the
           help
           of
           Dunkirk
           :
           But
           touching
           Trade
           it self
           ,
           Now
           that
           Dunkirk
           is
           in
           Other
           hands
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           much
           more
           advantagious
           
           unto
           England
           in
           point
           of
           Trade
           ;
           for
           while
           we
           kept
           it
           ,
           ther
           was
           scarce
           any
           Commerce
           at
           all
           in
           that
           Town
           ,
           or
           the
           Country
           about
           it
           ;
           And
           far
           less
           now
           since
           the
           French
           have
           had
           it
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           making
           of
           Dunkirk
           a
           Free-Port
           (
           or
           a
           kind
           of
           Sound
           as
           that
           in
           the
           Baltik
           )
           t
           is
           but
           a
           sandy
           Conceit
           ,
           For
           the
           Nations
           round
           about
           being
           but
           ill
           inclind
           unto
           us
           in
           this
           particular
           ,
           we
           shold
           not
           have
           bin
           able
           to
           have
           beaten
           any
           considerable
           Trade
           into
           the
           Inland
           Countries
           unless
           we
           had
           forcd
           it
           ,
           which
           could
           not
           have
           bin
           done
           without
           a
           violation
           of
           the
           Peace
           .
        
         
           Besides
           ,
           how
           much
           this
           wold
           have
           prejudicd
           our
           so
           long
           settled
           Staples
           in
           Dort
           ,
           and
           Hamborough
           ,
           let
           any
           man
           judge
           :
           But
           the
           truth
           is
           ,
           Dunkirk
           is
           not
           a
           place
           proper
           for
           a
           
             Free
             Port
          
           ,
           because
           t
           is
           made
           a
           Port
           rather
           by
           Chance
           then
           by
           Nature
           ;
           for
           t
           is
           observd
           that
           the
           Harbour
           which
           goes
           from
           Mardike
           to
           Dunkirk
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           Splinter
           ,
           is
           accidentally
           causd
           by
           the
           great
           Scowre
           that
           proceeds
           from
           the
           check
           ,
           or
           reverberations
           and
           Eadies
           which
           the
           stream
           receaves
           that
           runs
           from
           the
           West
           twixt
           Dover
           and
           Callis
           ,
           by
           the
           Cliffs
           which
           jett
           out
           from
           the
           English
           shore
           ;
           And
           the
           
           shore
           on
           that
           side
           being
           all
           sand
           ,
           was
           easily
           in
           tract
           of
           time
           worn
           into
           a
           Harbour
           .
           But
           such
           Harbours
           have
           bin
           known
           to
           alter
           as
           the
           points
           of
           the
           Cliffs
           did
           wear
           out
           and
           vary
           ,
           or
           as
           the
           sands
           did
           fill
           ,
           or
           were
           washd
           away
           :
           wherof
           divers
           Examples
           may
           be
           producd
           ,
           as
           the
           Port
           of
           Stavere●
           in
           Friseland
           ,
           which
           was
           once
           a
           Town
           of
           much
           Traffik
           ,
           but
           now
           is
           become
           a
           poor
           place
           ,
           the
           Haven
           being
           choakd
           up
           with
           sand
           .
           Adde
           hereunto
           ,
           that
           scarce
           any
           Boat
           can
           come
           to
           Dunkirk
           upon
           low
           water
           ,
           but
           the
           Keele
           will
           be
           grating
           upon
           the
           sands
           all
           along
           ;
           nor
           can
           any
           ship
           of
           any
           great
           burden
           come
           near
           her
           but
           upon
           a
           Spring-tyde
           .
           T
           is
           also
           a
           wild
           kind
           of
           Harbor
           lying
           open
           to
           the
           Sea
           ,
           without
           any
           windings
           or
           high-land
           shelter
           :
           so
           that
           let
           the
           wind
           blow
           from
           what
           point
           of
           the
           Compass
           it
           will
           ,
           the
           ships
           riding
           there
           are
           exposd
           to
           the
           fury
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           upon
           the
           dragging
           of
           an
           Anchor
           ,
           wrecks
           do
           commonly
           follow
           upon
           the
           adjoyning
           strand
           .
        
         
           Touching
           the
           punctilios
           of
           honor
           that
           England
           may
           hazard
           in
           parting
           with
           Dunkirk
           ,
           t
           is
           answerd
           ,
           That
           t
           was
           nothing
           dishonorable
           for
           England
           to
           give
           away
           that
           which
           she
           never
           got
           :
           for
           indeed
           t
           was
           the
           
             French
             King
          
           who
           
           got
           it
           ;
           He
           had
           a
           Royal
           Army
           of
           Effectif
           men
           both
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           to
           beleager
           it
           ;
           t
           was
           His
           Musket
           that
           kill'd
           Marquiss
           
             de
             Leda
          
           the
           brave
           Governor
           ;
           ther
           was
           only
           a
           Brigade
           of
           English
           Auxiliaries
           ,
           who
           ,
           t
           is
           tru
           ,
           performed
           their
           parts
           very
           gallantly
           ,
           and
           did
           contribute
           much
           to
           the
           service
           :
           But
           t
           was
           the
           French
           King
           with
           whom
           the
           town
           did
           capitulat
           ;
           t
           was
           to
           Him
           she
           opend
           her
           Gates
           ,
           and
           gave
           up
           her
           Keys
           ;
           t
           was
           He
           who
           did
           ride
           Conquerer
           into
           the
           place
           ,
           where
           he
           put
           up
           his
           Standard
           ,
           causd
           
             Te
             Deum
          
           to
           be
           sung
           ,
           and
           so
           took
           full
           possession
           of
           it
           .
           T
           is
           tru
           ,
           a
           little
           after
           ,
           according
           to
           private
           Articles
           with
           Cromwel
           ,
           he
           left
           there
           an
           English
           Garison
           ,
           and
           a
           Scotch
           Governor
           ,
           who
           had
           then
           dependence
           of
           service
           upon
           him
           ,
           as
           having
           bin
           bred
           in
           his
           Court
           ;
           Now
           ,
           the
           Gallican
           Civilians
           say
           ,
           that
           Cromwel
           to
           whom
           the
           Article
           was
           made
           being
           dead
           ,
           and
           the
           Government
           of
           England
           quite
           alterd
           ,
           (
           from
           a
           kind
           of
           Commonwealth
           to
           a
           Kingdom
           )
           the
           French
           King
           was
           not
           obliged
           to
           perform
           it
           longer
           ,
           for
           in
           some
           cases
           ,
           
             Pactum
             moritur
             cum
             Persona
          
           .
        
         
           Moreover
           ,
           touching
           point
           of
           Honor
           ,
           It
           had
           bin
           (
           under
           favour
           )
           rather
           a
           kind
           of
           Dishonour
           that
           England
           shold
           still
           hold
           
           Dunkirk
           :
           For
           first
           ,
           it
           had
           been
           to
           continue
           the
           Fame
           of
           an
           infamous
           Rebel
           ,
           in
           regard
           the
           world
           held
           Dunkirk
           to
           be
           an
           Acquest
           of
           His.
           Adde
           herunto
           that
           the
           Honor
           of
           England
           among
           the
           wisest
           Nations
           began
           to
           be
           questiond
           both
           in
           point
           of
           Prudence
           and
           Providence
           ,
           for
           her
           to
           export
           and
           expend
           such
           a
           vast
           tresure
           to
           hold
           so
           dry
           a
           place
           ,
           (
           the
           Benefit
           wherof
           made
           such
           poor
           Returns
           )
           and
           not
           to
           accept
           of
           400
           thousand
           pounds
           Sterling
           
             En
             Argent
             comptant
          
           ,
           specially
           now
           that
           there
           is
           such
           a
           general
           complaint
           of
           scarcity
           of
           Coyn
           in
           England
           ;
           wheras
           Hen.
           8.
           though
           a
           high
           boysterous
           Prince
           ,
           had
           not
           much
           above
           the
           third
           part
           of
           such
           a
           sum
           for
           Tournay
           and
           Terwyn
           ,
           and
           that
           to
           be
           paid
           in
           twelve
           yeers
           by
           the
           French.
           
        
         
           Furthermore
           ,
           by
           the
           opinion
           of
           the
           knowingst
           Commanders
           who
           had
           sometimes
           servd
           in
           Flanders
           ,
           &
           having
           bin
           quarterd
           a
           long
           time
           in
           Dunkirk
           ,
           knew
           evry
           inch
           of
           the
           unsortifiable
           and
           sandy
           loose
           instable
           soyl
           about
           it
           ;
           I
           say
           ,
           by
           the
           Positive
           Opinion
           of
           old
           experienced
           English
           Officers
           ,
           Dunkirk
           was
           not
           a
           place
           Tenable
           ,
           she
           was
           not
           Leager-proof
           ;
           for
           if
           she
           had
           bin
           so
           ,
           she
           would
           not
           have
           changd
           Masters
           so
           often
           in
           
           18
           years
           ;
           I
           say
           ,
           Dunkirk
           was
           not
           Tenable
           in
           case
           a
           numerous
           storming
           resolut
           Army
           had
           stood
           before
           it
           ,
           (
           unless
           such
           another
           numerous
           Army
           had
           bin
           in
           the
           town
           to
           oppose
           it
           )
           but
           that
           half
           that
           mony
           which
           was
           given
           for
           it
           might
           have
           servd
           to
           have
           regaind
           it
           ,
           and
           a
           private
           sudden
           League
           might
           have
           bin
           struck
           to
           that
           effect
           twixt
           the
           
             French
             ,
             Spaniard
             &
             Hollander
          
           ,
           or
           any
           two
           of
           them
           ,
           who
           wold
           have
           concurred
           
             in
             hot
             tertio
          
           :
           For
           they
           did
           all
           malign
           us
           that
           we
           kept
           such
           footing
           in
           Flanders
           .
           Nor
           could
           ther
           ever
           have
           bin
           a
           perfect
           Cordial
           Peace
           twixt
           us
           ,
           and
           any
           of
           the
           said
           three
           Nations
           while
           we
           kept
           Dunkirk
           ,
           but
           it
           wold
           have
           still
           ministred
           matter
           of
           Jelousy
           ,
           of
           Quarrels
           about
           Contributions
           ,
           of
           Plottings
           ever
           and
           anon
           how
           to
           make
           us
           weary
           of
           holding
           it
           ;
           which
           made
           one
           say
           ,
           That
           the
           English
           settling
           in
           
             Dunkirk
             ,
             was
             like
             the
             Mouse
             who
             made
             her
             Neast
             in
             the
             Cats
             ear
             .
          
        
         
           Adde
           herunto
           that
           t
           is
           well
           known
           (
           though
           not
           by
           All
           )
           that
           in
           the
           late
           Treary
           and
           transactions
           of
           Peace
           twixt
           France
           and
           Spain
           ,
           ther
           was
           a
           private
           Article
           relating
           to
           Dunkirk
           ,
           which
           bound
           both
           the
           Kings
           in
           reciprocal
           ties
           ,
           to
           the
           prejudice
           of
           England
           in
           this
           particular
           .
        
         
         
           We
           know
           that
           England
           hath
           had
           from
           time
           to
           time
           divers
           Extraneous
           Possessions
           of
           this
           nature
           ;
           yet
           they
           were
           but
           as
           fethers
           in
           her
           Cap
           ,
           never
           any
           did
           quit
           cost
           ,
           or
           by
           any
           real
           advantages
           countervail
           her
           trouble
           ,
           expences
           ,
           and
           hazards
           in
           keeping
           them
           .
           Now
           among
           all
           such
           ,
           the
           town
           of
           Callis
           bears
           the
           nearest
           analogy
           and
           similitude
           with
           Dunkirk
           :
           But
           first
           we
           will
           give
           a
           touch
           only
           at
           the
           other
           in
           order
           of
           time
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           Forren
           thing
           that
           England
           ever
           had
           ,
           was
           Normandy
           ,
           which
           came
           to
           be
           her
           Inheritance
           ;
           a
           rich
           and
           copious
           Country
           ,
           yet
           we
           could
           never
           make
           that
           Country
           subsist
           of
           it self
           ,
           but
           our
           Mony
           ,
           Men
           ,
           and
           Arms
           went
           still
           over
           to
           secure
           it
           .
           William
           the
           Conqueror
           ,
           though
           her
           Native
           Duke
           ,
           did
           (
           as
           an
           authentique
           Historian
           hath
           it
           )
           
             Angliam
             deglubere
          
           ,
           He
           did
           shear
           England
           to
           keep
           it
           ;
           Rufus
           his
           son
           did
           
             Angliam
             Excoriare
          
           ,
           He
           did
           fley
           England
           to
           preserve
           it
           ;
           His
           Granchild
           did
           
             Angliam
             emulgere
             usque
             ad
             sanguinem
          
           ,
           He
           did
           milk
           England
           till
           the
           blood
           came
           forth
           to
           defend
           Normandy
           ,
           being
           forcd
           to
           raise
           13
           Castles
           to
           protect
           it
           against
           the
           Incursions
           of
           the
           confining
           French
           ;
           insomuch
           that
           when
           the
           Duke
           of
           York
           was
           Regent
           ,
           a
           computation
           being
           
           made
           of
           the
           charge
           in
           keeping
           Normandy
           ,
           t
           was
           found
           in
           the
           Chamber
           of
           Accounts
           ,
           that
           the
           Expences
           from
           the
           beginning
           in
           keeping
           that
           Province
           exceeded
           the
           Revenues
           thereof
           three
           hundred
           forty
           and
           eight
           thousand
           pounds
           ,
           which
           was
           a
           prodigious
           sum
           in
           those
           days
           .
        
         
           The
           next
           Forren
           Country
           that
           came
           to
           truckle
           under
           England
           ,
           was
           
             Aquitane
             ,
             Guyen
          
           ,
           and
           Gascony
           ,
           the
           most
           exuberant
           and
           fertillst
           Provinces
           of
           all
           France
           ,
           yet
           they
           could
           never
           countervail
           the
           cost
           ,
           but
           they
           still
           draind
           moneys
           ,
           and
           multitudes
           of
           men
           out
           of
           England
           ,
           who
           at
           their
           returns
           in
           steed
           of
           spoils
           and
           wealth
           ,
           brought
           nothing
           but
           poverty
           ,
           and
           so
           increasd
           the
           number
           of
           Beggers
           and
           Thiefs
           .
        
         
           The
           town
           of
           Bourdeaux
           her self
           ,
           though
           a
           rich
           Mercantile
           City
           ,
           did
           hardly
           defray
           the
           Salary
           of
           the
           English
           Praesidiary
           forces
           that
           were
           in
           it
           ;
           and
           Fronsack
           Castle
           alone
           did
           cost
           1000
           l.
           
             per
             ann
          
           .
           as
           the
           Record
           hath
           it
           ;
           As
           also
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           deliverd
           in
           Parlement
           7
           Ric.
           2.
           that
           Gascony
           with
           other
           places
           we
           held
           then
           in
           France
           ,
           stood
           England
           in
           above
           the
           Revenues
           therof
           ,
           24000
           l.
           a
           yeer
           .
        
         
           The
           benefit
           we
           receavd
           by
           taking
           footing
           
           in
           Armorica
           ,
           or
           little
           Britaine
           ,
           may
           appeer
           by
           a
           few
           examples
           ;
           For
           t
           was
           declard
           in
           Parlement
           3
           Hen.
           2.
           
           That
           
             ad
             defensionem
             Britanniae
             non
             sufficiebat
             the
             saurus
             totius
             Angliae
             .
          
           The
           Town
           and
           Castle
           of
           Brest
           alone
           cost
           Ric.
           2
           ,
           12000
           Marks
           a
           yeer
           ,
           and
           the
           9
           of
           his
           Raign
           it
           stood
           in
           13118
           l.
           18
           s.
           6
           d.
           as
           the
           Record
           hath
           it
           .
        
         
           Touching
           Tournay
           (
           and
           
             Terwya
             )
             Hen.
          
           8.
           spent
           most
           of
           that
           mighty
           tresure
           his
           parsimonious
           Father
           left
           him
           ,
           in
           getting
           and
           keeping
           it
           :
           But
           finding
           the
           charge
           so
           excessive
           ,
           he
           sold
           it
           to
           the
           French
           for
           a
           far
           smaller
           sum
           then
           was
           had
           for
           Dunkirk
           :
           For
           he
           had
           but
           150000
           l.
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           that
           to
           be
           paid
           in
           twelve
           yeers
           ,
           wherof
           some
           part
           is
           not
           paid
           to
           this
           day
           .
           And
           touching
           the
           town
           of
           Bulloigne
           ,
           his
           son
           Edw.
           6.
           sold
           it
           ,
           not
           many
           yeers
           after
           ,
           but
           for
           100000
           l.
           
        
         
           We
           are
           now
           come
           to
           Callis
           ,
           which
           notwithstanding
           the
           Contributory
           Territories
           about
           it
           be
           far
           more
           large
           then
           those
           adjoyning
           to
           Dunkirk
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           transfretation
           thence
           to
           England
           be
           shorter
           half
           in
           half
           ,
           yet
           it
           stands
           upon
           good
           Record
           ,
           That
           from
           Edw.
           3.
           who
           first
           got
           it
           ,
           to
           the
           2
           of
           Queen
           Mary
           who
           lost
           it
           ,
           it
           cost
           England
           337400
           l.
           9
           s.
           4
           l.
           
        
         
         
           Concerning
           Ireland
           ,
           which
           comes
           in
           the
           rank
           of
           Forren
           Acquests
           ,
           though
           it
           be
           a
           fruitful
           felf-sufficient
           Country
           ,
           and
           as
           one
           said
           ,
           a
           good
           fat
           Goose
           to
           pluck
           ,
           yet
           the
           Revenues
           therof
           never
           counter-balancd
           the
           charge
           till
           the
           Earl
           of
           Staffords
           time
           ,
           who
           maybe
           said
           to
           be
           the
           first
           which
           made
           Ireland
           a
           
             Nown
             Substantif
          
           to
           stand
           by
           it self
           ,
           without
           any
           support
           of
           tresure
           from
           England
           .
           Nor
           could
           Queen
           Eliz.
           though
           cryed
           up
           for
           a
           great
           Housewife
           ,
           bring
           it
           to
           subsist
           of
           it self
           ,
           no
           not
           in
           time
           of
           Peace
           ,
           but
           still
           Moneys
           were
           sent
           over
           from
           the
           Exchequer
           in
           Westminster
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           seen
           upon
           exact
           record
           :
           But
           in
           time
           of
           War
           ,
           the
           example
           of
           Sir
           
             John
             Perrot
          
           may
           serve
           for
           all
           ,
           who
           in
           his
           two
           years
           Government
           there
           ,
           spent
           England
           116368
           l.
           
        
         
           The
           last
           Forren
           places
           which
           England
           had
           ,
           were
           the
           Cautionary
           Towns
           of
           
             Flushing
             ,
             Brill
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Ramakins
           ;
           But
           when
           the
           80000
           l.
           for
           which
           they
           were
           hypothequd
           or
           pawnd
           was
           paid
           King
           James
           ,
           t
           was
           found
           that
           almost
           the
           whole
           sum
           had
           bin
           drunk
           up
           in
           paying
           the
           English
           Garisons
           all
           the
           while
           .
        
         
           From
           these
           Premises
           this
           Conclusion
           
           may
           be
           deducd
           ,
           That
           no
           Outlandish
           or
           Transmarin
           Possessions
           (
           except
           those
           lately
           in
           the
           Indies
           pointed
           at
           before
           ,
           which
           are
           supported
           by
           the
           Merchant
           )
           did
           ever
           make
           England
           thrive
           ,
           but
           they
           were
           a
           cause
           of
           perpetual
           issues
           of
           tresure
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           great
           Artery
           of
           any
           Country
           ,
           wherby
           England
           may
           be
           said
           to
           have
           spent
           her
           very
           blood
           and
           Vital
           Spirits
           upon
           them
           from
           time
           to
           time
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           the
           Reason
           may
           well
           be
           ,
           that
           such
           Excentrique
           Possessions
           did
           not
           prosper
           with
           England
           ,
           in
           regard
           that
           by
           the
           Primitive
           institution
           of
           God
           and
           Nature
           ,
           the
           I
           le
           of
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           is
           a
           compleat
           distinct
           Mass
           of
           Earth
           ,
           and
           an
           Empire
           of
           it self
           ;
           She
           may
           be
           said
           to
           be
           as
           the
           Spaniard
           saith
           of
           Her
           ,
           
             Comola
             Tortuga
             en
             su
             concha
          
           ,
           like
           a
           Tortoise
           in
           her
           shell
           ,
           who
           is
           so
           prodigiously
           armd
           ,
           (
           but
           for
           Defence
           only
           )
           and
           the
           Divine
           Providence
           accordingly
           hath
           made
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           more
           apposit
           and
           proper
           to
           Defend
           ,
           then
           to
           Extend
           her self
           further
           .
           And
           to
           that
           Defensive
           end
           she
           hath
           those
           two
           properties
           which
           the
           Philosopher
           requires
           in
           a
           strong
           self-preserving
           Country
           ,
           viz.
           An
           easie
           Egress
           for
           the
           Natives
           who
           know
           her
           shallows
           and
           shelfs
           of
           sands
           ,
           her
           Flats
           and
           
           Rocks
           ,
           &c.
           and
           a
           hard
           Ingress
           for
           the
           Stranger
           who
           knows
           them
           not
           .
        
         
           Moreover
           ,
           
             Great
             Britain
          
           hath
           the
           advantage
           of
           having
           the
           best
           shipping
           of
           any
           other
           for
           her
           own
           Defence
           ;
           For
           no
           Country
           hath
           such
           tough
           Oke
           as
           she
           hath
           for
           K●ee-Timber
           ,
           and
           for
           other
           Naval
           uses
           :
           Her
           Peeple
           also
           have
           a
           Natural
           Dexterity
           and
           Aptitude
           to
           Navigation
           ,
           with
           a
           courage
           extraordinary
           that
           way
           .
        
         
           Adde
           herunto
           ,
           that
           the
           Position
           of
           her
           Seas
           ,
           with
           the
           straightness
           therof
           in
           point
           of
           distance
           from
           her
           Neighbours
           ,
           is
           such
           ,
           and
           her
           Ports
           upon
           those
           Seas
           are
           so
           advantagiously
           situated
           ,
           that
           none
           can
           pass
           or
           repass
           through
           her
           Sleeve
           or
           Channels
           ,
           but
           she
           may
           controul
           them
           without
           the
           help
           of
           Dunkirk
           ,
           or
           any
           other
           coadjuvant
           place
           on
           her
           opposit
           Coasts
           ,
           specially
           at
           such
           a
           monstrous
           rate
           :
           For
           according
           to
           the
           cautious
           old
           saying
           ,
           
             A
             man
             may
             buy
             Gold
             too
             dear
             .
          
        
         
           To
           conclude
           :
           Wheras
           some
           do
           insist
           much
           on
           point
           of
           Honor
           by
           parting
           with
           Dunkirk
           ,
           in
           the
           judgment
           of
           the
           most
           serious
           and
           well-weighd
           men
           ,
           it
           had
           bin
           taken
           rather
           as
           a
           Dishonor
           for
           a
           King
           of
           Great
           
           Britain
           to
           distrust
           his
           strength
           so
           much
           ,
           as
           not
           to
           be
           able
           to
           gard
           his
           own
           Seas
           and
           Subjects
           as
           his
           Royal
           Progenitors
           did
           ,
           without
           the
           adventitious
           help
           of
           a
           Forren
           place
           got
           by
           so
           notorious
           a
           Regicide
           ,
           with
           an
           aim
           &
           intent
           to
           enable
           him
           the
           more
           to
           have
           still
           kept
           him
           out
           .
           And
           it
           may
           be
           well
           remembred
           ,
           that
           his
           present
           Majesty
           of
           England
           appeerd
           then
           against
           the
           taking
           of
           it
           ;
           to
           which
           purpose
           the
           Dukes
           of
           York
           and
           Glocester
           were
           actually
           in
           Arms
           in
           the
           field
           for
           opposing
           it
           ;
           and
           it
           was
           the
           Duke
           of
           York
           who
           gave
           the
           first
           charge
           ,
           and
           did
           notable
           execution
           .
        
         
           Lastly
           ,
           It
           may
           well
           stand
           with
           the
           reach
           of
           tru
           Policy
           ,
           and
           the
           interest
           of
           England
           ,
           to
           leave
           the
           town
           of
           Dunkirk
           like
           a
           bone
           twixt
           France
           and
           Spain
           ,
           as
           very
           probably
           t
           is
           like
           to
           prove
           in
           time
           .
           Moreover
           ,
           this
           so
           neer
           approach
           of
           the
           French
           begins
           alredy
           to
           make
           some
           Impressions
           of
           Jelousie
           in
           the
           Hollanders
           ,
           being
           awakend
           by
           the
           old
           Proverb
           ,
           
             Ayez
             le
             Francois
             pour
             ton
             Amy
             ,
             non
             pas
             pour
             ton
             Voisin
          
           ;
           Have
           the
           French
           for
           thy
           Frend
           ,
           not
           for
           thy
           Neighbor
           if
           thou
           canst
           chuse
           .
        
         
         
           Thus
           have
           we
           twisted
           this
           great
           Business
           upon
           a
           small
           bottome
           ,
           for
           the
           satisfaction
           of
           evry
           true
           Childe
           of
           Reason
           ,
           and
           confutation
           of
           those
           who
           ,
           being
           transported
           by
           Aery
           Conceits
           ,
           cry
           it
           down
           for
           an
           Unpolitik
           Act
           of
           State.
           
        
         
           
             Jam.
             Howell
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
         
           Nevv
           Additions
           Concerning
           the
           HARBOUR
           AT
           DUNKIRK
           .
        
         
           THe
           Sea
           retreats
           upon
           every
           ebb
           and
           low
           water
           at
           the
           least
           one
           English
           Mile
           back
           from
           the
           Harbour
           ,
           so
           that
           the
           Harbour
           is
           all
           dry
           ,
           and
           a
           man
           may
           go
           along
           the
           deepest
           part
           of
           the
           
           said
           Harbour
           with
           his
           shooes
           dry
           a
           Mile
           towards
           the
           Sea.
           
        
         
           And
           at
           the
           highest
           Spring-tyde
           there
           is
           no
           deeper
           water
           at
           the
           coming
           in
           ,
           or
           at
           the
           going
           out
           of
           the
           Habour
           at
           the
           utmost
           ,
           but
           15
           English
           foot
           .
        
         
           Insomuch
           ,
           That
           no
           Ships
           or
           Vessels
           can
           go
           out
           ,
           or
           come
           into
           the
           said
           Harbour
           ,
           which
           go
           deeper
           then
           11
           or
           12
           foot
           ;
           and
           when
           the
           Ships
           or
           Vessels
           which
           go
           deep
           11
           or
           12
           foot
           ,
           that
           must
           be
           just
           at
           the
           highest
           Spring-tyde
           ,
           within
           an
           hours
           time
           before
           the
           water
           begins
           to
           ebb
           or
           fall
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           weather
           and
           Sea
           be
           smooth
           and
           calm
           ,
           otherwise
           if
           the
           Sea
           be
           rough
           and
           tumbling
           ,
           the
           Ships
           or
           Vessels
           by
           the
           cappling
           of
           the
           Sea
           will
           strike
           to
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           break
           themselves
           in
           an
           hundred
           pieces
           ,
           as
           very
           often
           is
           seen
           ,
           if
           they
           
           take
           not
           great
           heed
           .
           The
           Ground
           within
           and
           without
           the
           Harbour
           is
           hard
           all
           over
           ,
           and
           the
           Ships
           or
           Vessels
           within
           must
           lie
           at
           every
           ebb
           of
           the
           water
           upon
           the
           hard
           ground
           ,
           in
           danger
           to
           crack
           and
           break
           themselves
           by
           their
           own
           weight
           ,
           with
           that
           of
           their
           Ordnance
           and
           Lading
           .
        
         
           And
           every
           Frigat
           ,
           Ship
           or
           Vessel
           of
           about
           180
           or
           200
           Tun
           in
           burthen
           ,
           with
           their
           Cargos
           ,
           and
           Ordnance
           ,
           and
           Provision
           in
           it
           ,
           goes
           at
           the
           least
           12
           or
           13
           foot
           deep
           :
           insomuch
           that
           Dunkirk
           is
           onely
           a
           Harbour
           for
           small
           Vessels
           and
           Boats
           ,
           such
           as
           their
           first
           and
           former
           Trade
           of
           Fishing
           and
           drying
           of
           Herrings
           was
           ;
           and
           nothing
           at
           all
           fit
           for
           any
           men
           of
           War
           ,
           or
           Ships
           of
           consequence
           .
        
         
           The
           Splinter
           or
           Schourtien
           of
           Mardike
           ,
           
           which
           is
           a
           Creek
           along
           the
           Sea
           there
           ,
           about
           an
           English
           Mile
           in
           length
           ,
           accidentally
           occasioned
           by
           the
           current
           of
           the
           Sea
           all
           along
           the
           shore
           ,
           or
           coast
           ,
           is
           of
           a
           much
           deeper
           water
           ,
           and
           of
           more
           consequence
           then
           the
           Harbour
           of
           Dunkirk
           but
           it
           lies
           so
           open
           to
           the
           Sea
           ,
           that
           by
           hard
           winds
           and
           stress
           of
           weather
           no
           ships
           can
           possibly
           ride
           there
           in
           winter
           but
           are
           in
           danger
           to
           break
           their
           Cables
           ,
           and
           be
           cast
           upon
           the
           shore
           by
           any
           Westerly
           Winds
           .
        
         
           The
           Splinter
           or
           Schourtien
           goes
           not
           to
           the
           Harbour
           of
           Dunkirk
           ,
           but
           is
           by
           one
           Mile
           or
           more
           short
           of
           the
           Harbour
           :
           but
           if
           any
           Ships
           will
           go
           from
           thence
           to
           Dunkirk
           ,
           they
           must
           pass
           over
           a
           hard
           s●ndy
           Bank
           ,
           where
           no
           Ships
           can
           go
           over
           which
           goe
           deeper
           then
           8
           or
           9
           foot
           at
           the
           highest
           Spring-tyde
           ;
           and
           that
           must
           be
           
           with
           a
           calm
           water
           ,
           or
           smooth
           Sea.
           
        
         
           And
           for
           to
           gain
           two
           foot
           deeper
           ,
           all
           Ships
           that
           are
           of
           any
           considerable
           burthen
           ,
           must
           go
           round
           about
           ,
           and
           backwards
           by
           the
           Sea
           to
           come
           into
           Dunkirk
           at
           the
           highest
           Spring-tyde
           ,
           over
           the
           sand-banks
           ,
           which
           are
           a
           great
           many
           ,
           all
           about
           ,
           two
           or
           three
           Leagues
           broad
           near
           the
           said
           Harbour
           and
           Sea-shore
           ,
           and
           very
           moveable
           ,
           and
           altering
           upon
           every
           stress
           of
           weather
           ,
           so
           that
           most
           great
           Ships
           or
           Men
           of
           War
           going
           from
           thence
           are
           put
           to
           the
           trouble
           to
           provide
           themselves
           with
           an
           extraordinary
           Pilot
           ,
           or
           Costerer
           ,
           as
           they
           call
           him
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           said
           shelfs
           and
           banks
           of
           sands
           ,
           between
           which
           the
           Hollands
           Men
           of
           War
           were
           used
           to
           lie
           at
           Anchor
           ,
           but
           in
           Summer
           only
           .
        
         
           Captain
           Cadde
           and
           others
           have
           
           made
           several
           Sea-Maps
           of
           the
           said
           sandy
           Banks
           for
           their
           better
           information
           ,
           which
           are
           printed
           ,
           and
           may
           be
           had
           for
           6
           or
           8
           d.
           apiece
           .
        
         
           Dunkirk
           is
           not
           worth
           the
           tenth
           part
           of
           the
           Charges
           which
           a
           Garison
           must
           needs
           cost
           to
           keep
           the
           said
           Town
           ,
           if
           the
           King
           of
           England
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           France
           ,
           or
           the
           States
           of
           Holland
           should
           possess
           it
           .
        
         
           And
           indeed
           it
           is
           not
           fitting
           for
           any
           to
           hold
           ,
           excepting
           it
           be
           for
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           ,
           whose
           Country
           lies
           round
           about
           it
           ,
           being
           a
           fit
           Port
           for
           his
           subjects
           ,
           &
           their
           in
           ward
           Commerce
           ,
           and
           commodity
           of
           Trading
           ,
           because
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           needs
           not
           have
           any
           greater
           Garison
           therein
           then
           two
           ,
           three
           or
           four
           Companies
           of
           Foot-souldiers
           to
           keep
           the
           Inhabitants
           in
           obedience
           .
        
         
         
           Moreover
           ,
           Dunkirk
           is
           inclosed
           ,
           bounded
           and
           confined
           between
           
             Graveling
             ,
             Bourborgh
             ,
             Linken
             ,
             Wynox-Bergen
             ,
             Honscatey
             ,
             Furne
          
           and
           Newport
           :
           so
           that
           the
           Garisons
           in
           Dunkirk
           can
           go
           no
           further
           ,
           nor
           have
           any
           Contribution
           beyond
           it
           out
           of
           any
           Friends
           or
           Enemies
           Country
           ;
           being
           so
           narrowly
           encompassed
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           not
           possible
           to
           maintain
           and
           nourish
           the
           tenth
           part
           of
           the
           Garison
           with
           Victuals
           ,
           if
           they
           be
           not
           supplyed
           from
           abroad
           ever
           and
           anon
           .
        
         
           Now
           ,
           if
           Dunkirk
           should
           have
           a
           bold
           and
           ventrous
           Enemy
           coming
           from
           or
           along
           the
           Sea-shore
           ,
           the
           said
           Enemy
           may
           lodge
           himself
           the
           first
           night
           between
           the
           
             Fort
             rouge
          
           and
           the
           Harbour
           ,
           and
           be
           Master
           of
           the
           said
           Harbour
           the
           first
           
           night
           ,
           so
           that
           no
           Vessel
           can
           go
           out
           ,
           nor
           come
           in
           ,
           or
           subsist
           in
           the
           said
           Harbour
           ,
           but
           may
           be
           be
           battered
           in
           pieces
           :
           whereby
           't
           is
           no
           hard
           matter
           to
           destroy
           also
           the
           Brick-wall
           between
           the
           Town
           and
           the
           Harbour
           level
           to
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           so
           take
           the
           Town
           that
           way
           by
           a
           Ship-bridge
           over
           the
           said
           Harbour
           ,
           or
           at
           low
           water
           ,
           in
           spight
           of
           all
           their
           fortifications
           round
           about
           it
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           think
           to
           make
           there
           a
           kind
           of
           Sound
           ,
           as
           that
           in
           the
           Baltik
           Sea
           between
           Elsenore
           and
           Elsenborg
           ,
           which
           are
           but
           one
           League
           distance
           the
           one
           from
           the
           other
           ,
           is
           but
           a
           shallow
           imagination
           :
           for
           England
           could
           not
           do
           it
           when
           she
           had
           Calis
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           great
           distance
           the
           one
           from
           the
           other
           ,
           which
           is
           seven
           Leagues
           from
           Dover
           ;
           and
           much
           less
           likely
           is
           such
           a
           thing
           to
           be
           
           done
           between
           Dover
           and
           Dunkirk
           ,
           being
           twelve
           Leagues
           distant
           the
           one
           from
           the
           other
           :
           besides
           ,
           the
           impeachment
           of
           the
           many
           shallows
           ,
           and
           ill-favoured
           banks
           under
           water
           in
           the
           Sea
           ,
           &
           the
           contrary
           courses
           of
           the
           streams
           ,
           occasioned
           by
           the
           said
           banks
           ,
           make
           commonly
           the
           passage
           more
           confused
           and
           incertain
           by
           many
           hours
           difference
           in
           sayling
           .
        
         
           
             J.
             Haes
             Donke
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           There
           is
           lately
           Published
           ,
        
         
           A
           Most
           excellent
           Discourse
           concerning
           the
           Precedency
           of
           Kings
           ;
           wherein
           the
           Reasons
           and
           Arguments
           of
           the
           three
           greatest
           Monarchs
           of
           Christendome
           ,
           who
           claim
           a
           several
           Right
           thereunto
           ,
           are
           faithfully
           Collected
           and
           Rendred
           .
           Whereunto
           is
           adjoyned
           a
           distinct
           Treatise
           of
           Ambassadors
           .
           Fol.
           Price
           7
           s.
           
        
         
           The
           Conduct
           and
           Character
           of
           Count
           
             Nicholas
             Serini
          
           ,
           Protestant
           Generalissimo
           of
           the
           Auxiliaries
           in
           Hungary
           ,
           the
           most
           prudent
           and
           resolved
           Champion
           of
           Christendome
           .
           
             Price
             one
             shilling
          
           .
        
         
           Pharamond
           :
           An
           excellent
           new
           Romance
           ,
           written
           by
           the
           Author
           of
           Cassandra
           and
           
             Cleopatra
             .
             Fol.
          
           Price
           10
           s.
           
        
         
           The
           Villain
           ,
           a
           Tragedy
           ,
           by
           
             T.
             Porter
          
           ,
           
             Esq
          
           Price
           1
           s.
           
        
         
           The
           Ungrateful
           Favourite
           ,
           a
           Comedy
           ,
           by
           a
           Person
           of
           Honour
           .
           Price
           one
           shilling
           .
        
         
         
           Parsons
           Law
           ,
           or
           a
           View
           of
           Advowson's
           .
           8.
           
        
         
           Bibles
           in
           Latine
           in
           12.
           
        
         
           Genealogies
           of
           the
           Bible
           in
           all
           Volumes
           .
        
         
           
           Holdsworth's
           Sermons
           ,
           4.
           
        
         
           Purchas
           of
           Bees
           ,
           4.
           
        
         
           Wise-mans
           Crown
           ,
           or
           the
           Glory
           of
           the
           Rosie-Cross
           ,
           by
           
             J.
             Heydon
          
           ,
           8.
           
        
         
           Painting
           of
           the
           Ancients
           ,
           4.
           
        
         
           White
           on
           the
           Sabbath
           ,
           4.
           
        
         
           Buchanus
           Body
           of
           Divinity
           ,
           4.
           
        
         
           Greenbill
           on
           Ezekiel
           ,
           second
           part
           ,
           4.
           
        
         
           Holiokes
           Doctrine
           of
           Life
           ,
           4.
           
        
         
           Oughtred
           of
           Proportions
           ,
           8.
           
        
         
           Henry
           the
           fourth
           of
           France
           his
           Life
           ,
           by
           the
           Bishop
           of
           Rodez
           ,
           8.
           
        
         
           These
           ,
           with
           variety
           of
           all
           sorts
           of
           Books
           ,
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           by
           
             Samuel
             Speed
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Rainbow
           in
           Fleetstreet
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .