Gondibert an heroick poem / written by Sir William D'Avenant. D'Avenant, William, Sir, 1606-1668. 1651 Approx. 559 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 160 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A37179 Wing D326 ESTC R15933 12951736 ocm 12951736 95940 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A37179) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 95940) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 735:5) Gondibert an heroick poem / written by Sir William D'Avenant. D'Avenant, William, Sir, 1606-1668. Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679. [2], 64, [4], 243, [6] p. Printed for John Holden ..., London : 1651. Errata: prelim. p. [2]. Unfinished, ends with the "middle of the third book; which makes an equal half of the Poem". cf. Postscript. "The author's preface to his much honour'd friend Mr. Hobs" (p. 1-51) and "The answer of Mr. Hobbes" (p. 52-64) with a part of the poem were printed at Paris in 1650, under title: A discourse upon Gondibert, an heroick poem ... Reproduction of original in Huntington Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng 2004-09 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-11 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-12 Ben Griffin Sampled and proofread 2004-12 Ben Griffin Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-01 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion GONDIBERT : AN HEROICK POEM ; WRITTEN BY Sir WILLIAM D'AVENANT . LONDON , Printed for John Holden , and are to be sold at his Shop at the sign of the Anchor in the New-Exchange , 1651. ERRATA . IN the PREFACE , pag. 23. line 22. for seven , r. six . Page Stanza Line Errata Mend. 2 9 1 for Lusty , Lasting . 5 28 1 for Trine Time. 58 76 3 for Thirds Thrids . 64 34 2 for this , His. 70 80 1 for cease , Seise . 153 8 3 for Beedles , Needles 161 67 3 for how , whom . 172 34 4 for morn , Moon . 219 96 4 for lose , Loose . 226 41 ● for weak , ourweaker . THE AUTHOUR'S PREFACE To his much honour'd Friend Mr HOBS . SIR , SInce you have done me the honour to allow this Poem a daily examination as it was writing , I will presume , now it hath attain'd more length , to give you a longer trouble ; that you may yield me as great advantages by censuring the Method , as by judging the Numbers and the Matter . And because you shall pass through this New Building with more ease to your disquisition , I will acquaint you what care I took of my materials , ere I began to work . But first give me leave ( remembering with what difficulty the world can shew any Heroick Poem , that in a perfect glass of Nature gives us a familiar and easie view of our selves ) to take notice of those quarrels , which the Living have with the Dead : and I will ( according as all times have applied their reverence ) begin with Homer , who , though he seems to me standing upon the Poets famous hill , like the eminent Sea-mark , by which they have in former Ages steer'd ; and though he ought not to be removed from that eminence , lest Posterity should presumptuously mistake their course ; yet some ( sharply observing how his Successours have proceeded no farther than a perfection of imitating him ) say , that as Sea-marks are chiefly usefull to Coasters , and serve not those who have the ambition of Discoverers , that love to sayl in untry'd Seas ; so he hath rather prov'd a Guide for those , whose satisfied Wit will not venture beyond the track of others ; than to them , who affect a new and remote way of thinking ; who esteem it a deficiency and meaness of mind , to stay and depend upon the authority of example . Some there are , that object that even in the likelyhoods of Story ( and Story where ever it seems most likely , grows most pleasant ) he doth too frequently inte●mixe such Fables , as are objects listed above the Eyes of Nature ; and as he often interrogates his Muse , not as his rational Spirit but as a Familiar , separated from his body , so her replies bring him where he spends time in immortal conversation ; whilest supernaturally he doth often advance his men to the quality of Gods , and depose his Gods to the condition of men . His Successour to fame , ( and consequently to censure ) is Virgil ; whose toyls nor virtue cannot free him from the peevishness ( or rather curiosity ) of divers Readers . He is upbraided by some ( who perhaps are affected Antiquaries , and make priority of time the measure of excellence ) for gaining his renown by the imitation of Hom●r : Whilest others ( no less bold with that ancient Guide ) say , He hath so often led him into Heaven and Hell , till by conversation with Gods and Ghosts , he sometimes deprives us of those natural probabilities in Story , which are instructive to humane life : And others affirm ( if it be not irreverence to record their opinion ) That even in Wit , he seems deficient by many omissions ; as if he had design'd a penance of gravity to himself and to posterity : And by their observing that continued gravity , me thinks they look upon him , as on a Musitian composing of Anthems ; whose excellence consists more in the solemness , than in the fancy ; and upon the body of his Work , as on the body of a Giant , whose force hath more of strength , than quickness , and of patience than activity . But these bold Censurers are in danger of so many Enemies , as I shall wise●y shrink from them ; and onely observe , That if any Disciples of unimitable Virgil can prove so formal , as to esteem Wit ( as if it were levity ) an imputation to the Heroick Muse ( by which malevolent word , Wit , they would disgrace her extraordinary heights ) yet if those grave Judges will be held wise , they must endure the fate of Wise men ; who always have but few of their society ; for many more than consist of their number ( perhaps not having the sullenness to be of it ) are taken with those bold flights , and think , 't is with the Muse ( whose noble Quarry is men ) as with the Eagle , who when he soars high , stoops more prosperously , and is most certain of his prey . And surely Poets ( whose business should represent the Worlds true image often to our view ) are not less prudent than Painters , who when they draw Landschaps , entertain not the Eye wholly with even Prospect ; and a continued Flat ; but ( for variety ) terminate the sight with lofty Hills , whose obscure heads are sometimes in the clouds . Lucan , who chose to write the greatest actions that ever were allowed to be true ( which for fear of contemporary witnesses , oblig'd him to a very close attendance upon Fame ) did not observe that such an enterprize rather beseem'd an Historian , than a Poet : for wise Poets think it more worthy to seek out truth in the Passions , than to record the truth of Actions ; and practise to describe Mankind , just as we are perswaded or guided by instinct , not particular persons , as they are lifted , or levell'd by the force of Fate , it being nobler to contemplate the general History of Nature , than a selected Diary of Fortune : And Painters are no more than Historians , when they draw eminent persons ( though they term that drawing to the life ) but when by assembling divers figures in a larger volume , they draw Passions ( though they term it but Story ) then they increase in dignity and become Poets . I have been thus hardy to call him to account for the choice of his Argument , not meerly as it was Story , but because the actions he recorded were so eminent , and so near his time , that he could not assist Truth with such ornaments as Poets , for usefull pleasure , have allowed her , le●t the ●ained complection might render the true suspected . And now I will leave to others the presumption of measuring his Hyperboles , by whose space and height they maliciously take the dimension of wit ; and so mistake him in his boyling Youth ( which had marvellous forces ) as we disrelish Wine , when fuming in the Lee. Statius ( with whom we may conclude the old Heroicks ) is as accomptable to some for his obligations to Virgil , as Virgil is to others for what he owes to Homer ; and more closely than Virgil waits on Homer , doth Statius attend Virgil , and follows him there also where Nature never comes , even into Heaven and Hell : and therefore he cannot escape such as approve the wisdom of the best Dramaticks ; who in representation of examples , believe they prevail most on our manners , when they lay the Scene at home in their own Countrey ; so much they avoid those remote Regions of Heaven and Hell : as if the People ( whom they make civil by an easie communication with reason ( and familiar reason is that which is call'd the civility of the Stage ) were become more discreet than to have their eyes perswaded by the descending of Gods in gay Clouds , and more manly , than to be frighted with the rising of Ghosts in Smoke . Tasso ( who reviv'd the Heroick flame after it was many Ages quench'd ) is held both in time and merit , the first of the Moderns ; an honour by which he gains not much , because the number he excells must needs be few , which affords but one fit to succeed him ; for I will yield to their opinion , who permit not Ariosto , no nor Du Bartas in this eminent rank of the Heroicks : rather than to make way by their admission for Dante , Marino , and others . Tasso's honour too is chiefly allow'd him , where he most endeavours to make Virgil his Pattern : And again , when we con●ider from whom Virgil's spirit is derived , we may observe how rarely humane excellence is found ; for Heroick Poesie ( which , if it exact in it self , yields not to any other humane work ) flow'd but in few , and even those streams descended but from one Grecian Spring ; and 't is with original Poems , as with the Original Pieces of Painters , whose Copies abare the excessive price of the first Hand . But Tasso , though he came late into the world , must have his share in that Critical War , which never ceases amongst the Learned ; and he seems most unfortunate , because his errours , which are deriv'd from the Ancients when examin'd , grow in a great degree excusable in them , and by being his admit no pardon . Such as are his Councel assembled in Heaven , his Witches Expeditions through the Air , and enchanted Woods inhabited with Ghosts . For though the elder Poets ( which were then the sacred Priests ) fed the World with supernatural Tales , and so compounded the Religion , of Pleasure and Mysterie , ( two Ingredients which never fail'd to work upon the People ) whilest for the eternity of their Chiefs ( more refin'd by education ) they surely intended no such vain provision . ) Yet a Christian Poet , whose Religion little needs the aids of Invention , hath less occasion to imitate such Fables , as meanly illustrate a probable Heaven , by the fashion and dignity of Courts ; and make a resemblance of Hell , out of the Dreams of frighted Women ; by which they continue and increase the melancholy mistakes of the People . Spencer may stand here as the last of this short File of Heroick Poets ; Men , whose intellectuals were of so great a making , ( though some have thought them lyable to those few Censures we have mentioned ) as perhaps they will in worthy memory out-last , even Makers of Laws , and Founders of Empires , and all but such as must therefore live equally with them , because they have recorded their names ; and consequently with their own hands led them to the Temple of Fame . And since we have dar'd to remember those exceptions which the Curious have against them , it will not be expected I should forget what is objected against spencer ; whose obsolete Language we are constrained to mention , though it be grown the most vulgar accusation that is laid to his charge . Language ( which is the onely Creature of Man's creation ) hath like a Plant , seasons of flourishing and decay ; like Plants is remov'd from one soyl to another , and by being so transplanted , doth often gather vigour and increase . But as it is false husbandrie to graft old branches upon young stocks : so we may wonder that our Language ( not long before his time created out of a confusion of others , & then beginning to flourish like a new Plant ) should ( as helps to its increase ) receive from his hand , new grafts of old wither'd words . But this vulgar exception , shall onely have the vulgar excuse ; which is , that the unlucky choice of his Stanza , hath by repitition of Rhime , brought him to the necessity of many exploded words . If we proceed from his Language to his Argument , we must observe with others , that his noble and most artfull hands deserv'd to be employed upon matter of a more natural , and therefore of a more usefull kind . His allegorical Story ( by many held defective in the connexion ) resembling ( me thinks ) a continuance of extraordinarie Dreams ; such as excellent Poets , and Painters , by being over-studious , may have in the beginning of Feavers : And those moral visions are just of so much use to humane application , as painted History , when with the cousenage of lights , it is represented in Scenes , by which we are much less informed than by actions on the Stage . Thus , Sir , I have ( perhaps ) taken pains to make you think me malicious , in observing how far the Curious have look'd into the errours of others ; Errours which the natural humour of imitation hath made so like in all ( even from Homer to Spencer ) as the accusations against the first appear but little more than repitition in every process against the rest : and comparing the resemblance of errour in persons of one generation , to that which is in those of another age ; we may find it exceeds not any where , notoriously , the ordinary proportion . Such limits to the progress of every thing ( even of worthiness as well as defect ) doth imitation give : for whilest we imitate others , we can no more excel them , than he that sayls by others Maps can make a new discovery : and to Imitation , Nature ( which is the onely visible power , and operation of God ) perhaps doth needfully enclineus , to keep us from excesses . For though every man be capable of worthiness and unworthiness ( as they are defined by Opinion ) yet no man is built strong enough to bear the extremities of either , without unloading himself upon others shoulders , even to the weariness of many . If courage be worthiness , yet where it is over-grown into extreams , it becomes as wilde and hurtfull as ambition ; and so what was reverenced for protection , grows to be abhorr'd for oppression : If Learning ( which is not Knowledge , but a continu'd Sayling by fantastick and uncertain winds towards it ) be worthiness , yet it hath bounds in all Philosophers ; and Nature that measur'd those bounds , seems not so partial , as to allow it in any one a much larger extent than in another : as if in our fleshly building , she consider'd the furniture and the room , alike , and together ; for as the compass of Diadems commonly fits the whole succession of those Kings that wear them ; so throughout the whole World , a very few inches may distinguish the circumference of the heads of their Subjects : Nor need we repine that Nature hath not some Favorites , to whom she doth dispence this Treasure , Knowledge , with a prodigious Liberality . For as there is no one that can be said vastly to exceed all mankind ; so divers that have in learning transcended all in some one Province , have corrupted many with that great quantity of false gold ; and the authority of their stronger Science hath often serv'd to distract , or pervert their weaker disciples . And as the qualities which are term'd good , are bounded , so are the bad ; and likewise limited , as well as gotten by imitation ; for amongst those that are extraordinary , either by birth or brain ( for with the usual pride of Poets , I pass by common crowds , as negligently as Princes move from throngs , that are not their own Subjects ) we cannot find any one so egregious ( admitting cruelty and avarice for the chiefest evils ; and errours in government or doctrine , to be the greatest errours ) but that divers of former or succeeding times may enter the scales with them , and make the Ballance even ; though the passion of Historians would impose the contrary on our belief ; who in dispraise of evil Princes , are often as unjust and excessive , as the common People : for there was never any Monarch so cruel , but he had living subjects , nor so avaricious , but that his Subjects were richer than himself ; nor ever any disease in government so extreamly infectious , as to make universal Anarchy , or any errour in Doctrine so strong by the Maintainer , but that Truth ( though it wrestled with her often , and in many places ) hath at some season , and on some ground , made her advantages and successes apparent : Therefore we may conclude , that Nature , for the safety of mankind , hath as well ( by dulling and stopping our progress with the constant humour of imitation ) given limits to courage and to learning , to wickedness and to errour , as it hath ordain'd the shelves before the shore , to restrain the rage and excesses of the Sea. But I feel ( Sir ) that I am falling into the dangerous Fit of a hot Writer ; for in stead of performing the promise which begins this Preface , and doth oblige me ( after I had given you the judgement of some upon others ) to present my self to your censure , I am wandering after new thoughts : but I shall ask your pardon , and return to my undertaking . My Argument I resolv'd should consist of Christian persons ; for since Religion doth generally beget , and govern manners , I thought the example of their actions would prevail most upon our own , by being deriv'd from the same doctrine and authority ; as the particular Sects educated by Philosophers , were diligent and piiant to the dictates and fashions of such as deriv'd themselves from the same Master ; but lazy and froward to those who convers'd in other Schools : Yet all these Sects pretended to the same beauty , Virtue ; though each did court her more fondly , when she was dress'd at their own homes , by the hands of their acquaintance : And so Subjects bred under the Laws of a Prince ( though Laws differ not much in Morality , or priviledge throughout the civil World ; being every where made for direction of Life , more than for sentences of Death ) will rather die near that Prince , defending those they have bin taught , than live by taking new from another . These were partly the reasons why I chose a Story of such Persons as profess'd Chaistian Religion ; but I ought to have been most enclin'd to it , because the Principles of our Religion conduce more to explicable virtue , to plain demonstrative justice , and even to Honour ( if Virtue the Mother of Honour be voluntary , and active in the dark , so as she need not Laws to compel her , nor look for witnesses to proclaim her ) than any other Religion that e're assembled men to Divine Worship . For that of the Jews doth still consist in a sullen separation of themselves from the rest of humane flesh , which is a fantastical pride of their own cleanness , and an uncivil disdain of the imagined contagiousness of others , and at this day , their cantonizing in Tribes , and shyness of alliance with neighbours , deserves not the term of mutual love , but rather seems a bestial melancholy of herding in their own Walks . That of the Ethnicks , like this of Mahomet , consisted in the vain pride of Empire , and never enjoyn'd a Jewish separation , but drew all Nations together ; yet not as their companions of the same species , but as slaves to a Yoke : Their sanctity was Honour , and their Honour onely an impudent courage , or dexterity in destroying . But Christian Religion hath the innocence of village neighbour-hood , and did anciently in its politicks rather promote the interest of Mankind than of States ; and rather of all States than of one ; for particular endeavours onely in behalf of our own homes , are signs of a narrow moral education , not of the vast kindness of Christian Religion , which likewise ordain'd as well an universal communion of bosoms , as a community of wealth . Such is Christian Religion in the precepts , and was once so in the practice . But I resolv'd my Poem should represent those of a former Age , perceiving 't is with the servants of Christ , as with other servants under temporal power , who with all cleanness , and even with officious diligence perform their duty in their Masters sight , but still as he grows longer absent , become more slothfull , unclean and false . And this , who ever compares the present with the Primitive times , may too palpably discern . When I consider'd the actions which I meant to describe , ( those inferring the persōs ) I was again perswaded rather to chuse those of a former Age , than the present ; & in a Century so far remov'd , as might preserve me from their improper examinations , who know not the requisites of a Poem , nor how much pleasure they lose ( and even the pleasures of Heroick Poesie are not unprofitable ) who take away the liberty of a Poet , and fetter his feet in the shackles of an Historian : For why should a Poet doubt in Story to mend the intrigues of Fortune by more delightfull conveyances of probable fictions , because austere Historians have enter'd into bond to truth ? an obligation which were in Poets , as foolish and unnecessary as is the bondage of false Martyrs , who lye in chains for a mistaken opinion : but by this I would imply , that Truth narrative and past , is the Idol of Historians , ( who worship a dead thing ) and truth operative , and by effects continually alive , is the Mistress of Poets , who hath not her existence in matter , but in reason . I was likewise more willing to derive my Theme from elder times , as thinking it no little mark of skilfulness to comply with the common Infirmity ; for men ( even of the best education ) discover their eyes to be weak , when they look upon the glory of virtue ( which is great actions ) and rather endure it at distance than near ; being more apt to believe , and love the renown of Predecessors , than of Contemporaries , whose deeds excelling theirs in their own sight , seem to upbraid them , and are not reverenc'd as examples of Virtue , but envi'd as the favours of Fortune : But to make great Actions credible , is the principal Art of Poets ; who though they allow the utilitie of Fictions , should not ( by altering and subliming Storie ) make use of their priviledge to the detriment of the Reader ; whose incredulitie ( when things are not represented in proportion ) doth much allay the relish of his pitie , hope , joy , and other Passions : for we may descend to compare the deceptions in Poesie to those of them that profess dexteritie of Hand , which resembles Conjuring , and to such we come not with the intention of Lawyers to examine the evidence of Facts , but are content ( if we like the carriage of their feigned motion ) to pay for being well deceiv'd . As in the choise of time , so of place , I have comply'd with the weakness of the generalitie of men ; who think the best objects of their own countrey so little to the size of those abroad , as if they were shew'd them by the wrong end of a Prospective : For man ( continuing the appetites of his first Childhood , till he arrive at his second which is more froward ) must be quieted with something that he thinks excellent , which he may call his own ; but when he sees the like in other places ( not staying to compare them ) wrangles at all he has . This leads us to observe the craftiness of the Comicks , who are onely willing when they describe humour ( and humour is the drunkness of a Nation which no sleep can cure ) to lay the Scaene in their own countrey ; as knowing we are ( like the Son of Noah ) so little distasted to behold each others shame , that we delight to see even that of a Father : yet when they would set forth greatness and excellent virtue , ( which is the Theme of Tragedie ) publickly to the people ; they wisely ( to avoid the quarrels of neighbourly envie ) remove the Scaene from home . And by their example I travell'd too ; and Italie ( which was once the Stage of the World ) I have made the Theatre , where I shew in either Sex , some patterns of humane life , that are ( perhaps ) fit to be follow'd . Having told you why I took the actions that should be my Argument from men of our own Religion ▪ and given you reasons for the choyce of the time and place design'd for those actions ; I must next acquaint you with the Schools where they were bred ; not meaning the Schools where they took their Religion , but Moralitie ; for I know Religion is universally rather inherited than taught : and the most effectual Schools of Moralitie are Courts and Camps : Yet towards the first , the people are unquiet through envie ; and towards the other through fear ; and always jealous of both for Injustice , which is the natural scandal cast upon authoritie and great force . They look upon the outward glory or blaze of Courts , as wild Beasts in dark nights stare on their Hunters Torches ; but though the expences of Courts ( whereby they shine ) is that consuming glory in which the people think their libertie is wasted ( for wealth is their libertie and lov'd by them even to jealousie ( being themselves a courser sort of Princes , apter to take than to pay ) yet Courts ( I mean all abstracts of the multitude ; either by King , or Assemblies ) are not the Schools where men are bred to oppression , but the Temples where sometimes Oppressours take sanctuarie ; a safetie which our reason must allow them . For the ancient laws of Sanctuarie ( derived from God ) provided chiefly for actions that proceeded from necessitie ; and who can imagine less than a necessitie of oppressing the people , since they are never willing either to buy their Peace , or to pay for War ? Nor are Camps the Schools of wicked Destroyers , more than the Inns of Court ( being the Nurserie of Judges ) are the Schools of Murderers ; for as Judges are avengers of private men against private Robbers ; so are Armies the avengers of the Publick against publick Invaders , either civil or forreign : and Invaders are Robbers , though more in countenance than those of the High way , because of their number . Nor is there other difference between Armies when they move towards Sieges or Battel , and Judges moving in their Circuit ( during the danger of extraordinarie malefactors ) with the guards of the Countie ; but that the latter is a less Army , and of less Discipline . If any man can yet doubt of the necessarie use of Armies , let him studie that which was anciently call'd a Monster , the Multitude , ( for Wolves are commonly harmless when they are met alone , but very uncivil in Herds ) and he will not find that all his kindred by Adam are so tame and gentle , as those Lovers that were bred in Arcadia : or to reform his opinion , let him ask why ( during the utmost age of Historie ) Cities have been at the charge of defensive Walls , and why Fortification hath been practic'd so long , till it is grown an Art ? I may now believe I have usefully taken from Courts and Camps , the patterns of such as will be fit to be imitated by the most necessary men ; and the most necessary men are those who become principal by prerogative of bloud , ( which is seldom unassisted with education ) or by greatness of mind , which in exact definition is Virtue . The common Crowd ( of whom we are hopeless ) we desert , being rather to be corrected by laws ( where precept is accompanied with punishment ) than to be taught by Poesie ; for few have arriv'd at the skill of Orpheus , or at his good fortune , whom we may suppose to have met with extraordinarie Grecian Beasts , when so succesfully he reclaim'd them with his Harp. Nor is it needfull that Heroick Poesie should be levell'd to the reach of Common men : for if the examples it presents prevail upon their Chiefs , the delight of Imitation ( which we hope we have prov'd to be as effectual to good as to evil ) will rectifie by the rules , which those Chiefs establish of their own lives , the lives of all that behold them ; for the example of life , doth as much surpass the force of Precept , as Life doth exceed Death . In the choice of these Objects ( which are as Sea-marks to direct the dangerous voyage of life ) I thought fit to follow the rule of Coasting Maps , where the Shelves and Rocks are describ'd as well as the safe Channel ; the care being equal how to avoid as to proceed : and the Characters of men ( whose passions are to be eschew'd ) I have deriv'd from the distempers of Love or Ambition : for Love and Ambition are too often the raging Feavers of great minds . Yet Ambition ( if the vulgar acception of the word were corrected ) would signifie no more than an extraordinary lifting of the feet in the rough ways of Honour , over the impediments of Fortune ; and hath a warmth ( till it be chaf'd into a Fever ) which is necessary for every virtuous breast : for good men are guiltie of too little appetite to greatness , and it either proceeds from that they call contentedness ( but contentedness , when examin'd , doth mean something of Lasiness as well as Moderation ) or from some melancholy precept of the Cloyster ; where they would make life ( for which the world was onely made ) more unpleasant than Death : as if Nature , the Vicegerent of God ( who in providing delightfull varieties , which virtuous greatness can best possess , or assure peaceably to others , implicitly commanded the use of them ) should in the necessaries of life ( life being her chief business ) though in her whole reign she never committed one error , need the counsel of Fryars , whose solitude makes them no more fit for such direction , than Prisoners long fetter'd are for a race . In saying this , I onely awaken such retir'd men , as evaporate their strength of mind by close and long thinking ; and would every where separate the Soul from the Bodie , ere we are dead , by perswading us ( though they were both created and have been long companions together ) that the preferment of the one must meerly consist in deserting the other ; teaching us to court the Grave , as if during the whole lease of life , we were like Moles to live under ground ; or as if long and well dying , were the certain means to live in Heaven : Yet Reason ( which though the most profitable Talent God hath given us , some Divines would have Philosophers to bury in the Napkin , and not put it to use ) perswade us , that the painfull activeness of Virtue ( for Faith on which some wholly depend , seems but a contemplative boast till the effects of it grow exemplary by action ) will more probably acquire everlasting dignities . And surely if these severe Masters ( who though obscure in Cells , take it ill if their very opinions rule not all abroad ) did give good men leave to be industrious in getting a Share of governing the world , the Multitudes ( which are but Tenants to a few Monarchs ) would endure that subjection which God hath decreed them , with better order , and more ease ; for the world is onely ill govern'd , because the wicked take more pains to get authority , than the virtuous ; for the virtuous are often preach'd into retirement ; which is to the publick as unprofitable as their sleep ; and the erroneousness of such lazy rest , let Philosophers judge ; since Nature ( of whose body man thinks himself the chiefest member ) hath not any where , at any time , been respited from action ( in her , call'd motion ) by which she universally preserves and makes Life . Thus much of Ambition which should have succeeded something I was saying of Love. Love , in the interpretation of the Envious , is Softness ; in the Wicked , good men suspect it for Lust ; and in the Good , some spiritual men have given it the name of Charity : And these are but te●ms to this which seems a more consider'd definition ; that indefinite Love is Lust ; and Lust when it is determin'd to one , is Love ; This definition too but intrudes it self on what I was about to say , which is ( and spoken with soberness though like a Lay-man ) that Love is the most acceptable imposition of Nature , the cause and preservation of Life , and the very healthfulness , of the Mind , as well as of the Body ; but Lust ( our raging Feaver ) is more dangerous in Cities , than the Calenture in Ships . Now ( Sir ) I again ask you pardon , for I have again digressed ; my immediate business being to tell you , That the distempers of Love and Ambition are the onely Characters I design'd to expose as objects of terrour : and my purpose was also to assure you , that I never meant to prostitute Wickedness in the Images of low and contemptible people , as if I expected the meanest of the multitude for my Readers ( since onely the Rabble is seen at common executions ) nor intended to raise iniquity , to that height of horrour , till it might seem the fury of something worse than a beast . In order to the first I believe the Spartans ( who to deter their children from drunkenness , a●●ustom'd their Slaves to vomit before them ) did by such fulsom examples , rather teach them to disdain the Slaves , than to Ioath Wine , for Men seldom take notice of the vice in abject persons , especially where necessity constrains it . And in observation of the second , I have thought , that those horrid spectacles ( when the latter race of Gladiaters made up the excesses of Romane feasts ) did more induce the Guests to detest the cruelty of mankind , than increase their courage by beholding such an impudent scorn of Life . I have now given you the accomp● of such provisions as I made for this new Building ; and you may next please ( having examin'd the substance ) to take a view of the form ; and observe if I have methodically and with discretion , dispos'd of the materials , which with some curiosity I have collected . I cannot discern by any help from reading , or learned men , ( who have been to me the best and briefest Indexes of Books ) that any Nation hath in representment of great actions ( either by Heroicks or Dramaticks ) digested Story into so pleasant and instructive a method as the English by their Drama : and by that regular species ( though narratively and not in Dialogue ) I have drawn the body of an Heroick Poem : In which I did not onely observe the Symmetrie ( proportioning five Books to five Acts , and Canto's to Scenes , ( the Scenes having their number ever govern'd by occasion ) but all the shadowings , happy strokes , secret graces , and even the drapery ( which together make the second beauty ) I have ( I hope ) exactly follow'd : and those compositions of second beauty , I observe in the Drama to be the under-walks , interweaving , or correspondence of lesser design in Scenes , not the great motion of the main plot , and coherence of the Acts. The first Act is the general preparative , by rendering the chiefest characters of persons , and ending with something that looks like an obscure promise of design . The second begins with an introducement of new persons , so finishes all the characters , and ends with some little performance of that design which was promis'd at the parting of the first Act. The third makes a visible correspondence in the under-walks ( or lesser intrigues ) of persons ; and ends with an ample turn of the main design , and expectation of a new . The fourth ( ever having occasion to be the longest ) gives a notorious turn to all the under-walks , and a counter-turn to that main design which chang'd in the third . The fifth begins with an entire diversion of the main , and dependant Plots ; then makes the general correspondence of the persons more discernable , and ends with an easie untying of those particular knots , which made a contexture of the whole ; leaving such satisfaction of probabilities with the Spectatour , as may perswade him that neither Fortune in the fate of the Persons , nor the Writer in the Representment , have been unnatural or exorbitant . To these Meanders of the English Stage I have cut out the Walks of my Poem ; which in this description may seem intricate and tedious ; but will , I hope ( when men take pains to visit what they have heard describ'd ) appear to them as pleasant as a summer passage on a crooked River , where going about , and turning back , is as delightfull as the delays of parting Lovers . In placing the Argument ( as a Proem ) before every Ca●to , I have not wholly follow'd the example of the Moderns ; but averted it from that purpose to which I found it frequently us'd : for it hath been intended by others , as the contents of the Chapter , or as a Bill of Fare at a Venetian Feast ; which is not brought before the meat to raise an expectation , but to satisfie the longing curiosity of the Guests . And that which I have call'd my Argument , is onely meant as an assistance to the Readers memory , by containing brief hints , such , as if all the Arguments were successively read , would make him easily remember the mutual dependancies of the general design ; yet each rather mentions every person acting , than their actions : But he is very unskilfull that by Narratives before an Historical Poem , prevents expectation ; for so he comes to have as little success over the Reader ( whom the Writer should surprize , and as it were keep prisoner for a time ) as he hath on his Enemies , who commanding a party out to take them ( and commonly Readers are justly Enemies to Writers ) imparts openly the design ere he begins the action : Or he may be said to be as unluckily officious as he that leads a wooing to a Mistress , one that already hath newly enjoy'd her . I shall say a little , why I have chosen my inter-woven Stanza of four , though I am not oblig'd to excuse the choice ; for numbers in Verse must , like distinct kinds of Musick , be expos'd to the uncertain and different taste of several Ears . Yet I may declare , that I believ'd it would be more pleasant to the Reader , in a Work of length , to give this respite or pause , between every Stanza ( having endeavour'd that each should contain a period ) than to run him out of breath with continu'd Couplets . Nor doth alternate Rhyme by any lowliness of cadence , make the sound less Heroick , but rather adapt it to a plain and stately composing of Musick ; and the brevity of the Stanza renders it less subtile to the Composer , and more easie to the Singer ; which in stilo recitativo , when the Story is long , is chiefly requisite . And this was indeed ( if I shall not betray vanity in my Confession ) the reason that prevail'd most towards my choice of this Stanza , and my division of the main work into Canto's , every Canto including a sufficient accomplishment of some worthy design or action ; for I had so much heat ( which you , Sir , may call pride , since pride may be allow'd in Pegasus , if it be a praise to other Horses ) as to presume they might ( like the Works of Homer ere they were joyn'd together , and made a Volume by the Athenian King ) be sung at Village-feasts ; though not to Monarchs after Victory , nor to Armies before battel . For so ( as an inspiration of glory into the one , and of valour into the other ) did Homer's Spirit , long after his bodies rest , wander in musick about Greece . Thus you have the Model of what I have already built , or shall hereafter joyn to the same frame . If I be accus'd of Innovation , or to have transgress'd against the method of the Ancients ; I shall think my self secure in believing , that a Poet who hath wrought with his own instruments at a new design , is no more answerable for disobedience to Predecessours , than Law-makers are lyable to those old Laws which themselves have repealed . Having describ'd the outward frame , the large rooms within , the lesser conveyances , and now the furniture ; it were orderly to let you examine the matter of which that furniture is made : But though every Owner who hath the Vanity to shew his ornament , or Hangings , must endure the curiosity , and censure of him that beholds them ; yet I shall not give you the trouble of enquiring what is , but tell you of what I design'd their substance ; which is , Wit : And Wit is the laborious , and the lucky resultances of Thought , having towards its excellence ( as we say of the strokes of Painting ) as well a happiness as care . It is a Web consisting of the subt'lest threds ; and like that of the Spider , is considerately woven out of our selves ; for a Spider may be said to consider , not onely respecting his solemness and tacit posture ( like a grave Scout in ambush for his Enemy ) but because all things done , are either from consideration , or chance ; and the work of Chance are accomplishments of an instant , having commonly a dissimilitude ; but hers are the works of time , and have their contextures alike . Wit is not onely the luck and labour , but also the dexteritie of thought , rounding the world , like the Sun , with unimaginable motion ; and bringing swiftly home to the memorie , universal surveys . It is the Souls Powder , which when supprest ( as forbidden from flying upward ) blows up the restraint , and loseth all force in a farther ascension towards Heaven ( the region of God ) and yet by nature is much less able to make any inquisition downward towards Hell , the Cel of the Devil ; but breaks through all about it ( as far as the utmost it can reach ) removes , uncovers , makes way for Light , where Darkness was inclos'd , till great bodies are more examinable by being scatter'd into parcels ; and till all that find its strength ( but most of mankind are strangers to Wit , as Indians are to Powder ) worship it for the effects , as deriv'd from the Deitie It is in Divines , Humilitie , Exemplariness and Moderation ; in States-men , Gravitie , Vigilance , Benign Complacencie , Secrecie , Patience and Dispatch ; in Leaders of Armies , Valor , Painfulness , Temperance , Bountie , Dexteritie in Punishing and Rewarding , and a sacred Certitude of Promise : It is in Poets , a full comprehension of all recited in all these ; and an abilitie to bring those comprehensions into action , when they shall so far forget the true measure of what is of greatest consequence to humanitie , ( which are things righteous , pleasant and usefull ) as to think the delights of Greatness equal to that of Poesie ; or the Chiefs of any Profession more necessary to the world , than excellent Poets . Lastly , though Wit be not the envie of ignorant Men , 't is often of evil States-men , and of all such imperfect great spirits , as have it in a less degree than Poets : for though no man envies the excellencie of that , which in no proportion he ever tasted , ( as men cannot be said to envie the condition of Angels ) yet we may say the Devil envies the Supremacie of God , because he was in some degree partaker of his glory . That which is not , yet is accounted , Wit , I will but sleightly remember ; which seems very incident to imperfect youth , and sickly age ; Young men ( as if they were not quite deliver'd from Childhood , whose first exercise is Language ) imagine it consists in the Musick of Words , and believe they are made wise by refining their speech , above the vulgar Dialect ; which is a mistake almost as great as that of the people , who think Orators , ( which is a title that crowns at riper years those that have practis'd the dexteritie of tongue ) the ablest men ; who are indeed so much more unapt for governing , as they are more fit for Sedition : and it may be said of them as of the Witches of Norway , who can sell a Storm for a Dollar , which for Ten Thousand they cannot allay . From the esteem of speaking they proceed to the admiration of what are commonly call'd Conceits , things that sound like the knacks or toys of ordinarie Epigrammatists : and from thence , after more conversation and varietie of objects , grow up to some force of Fancie ; Yet even then , like young Hawks , they stray and flie far off , using their libertie as if they would nere return to the Lure ; and often go at check , ere they can make a stedie view , and know their game . Old men , that have forgot their first Childhood and are returning to their second , think it lies in agnominations , and in a kind of an alike tinkling of words ; or else in a grave telling of wonderfull things , or in comparing of times without a discover'd partialitie ; which they perform so ill by favouring the past , that , as 't is observ'd , if the bodies of men should grow less , though but an unmeasurable proportion in Seven years , yet reckoning from the Floud , they would not remain in the Stature of Frogs ; So if States and particular persons had impair'd in government , and increas'd in wickedness proportionably to what Old men affirm they have done , from their own infancie to their age ; all publick Policie had been long since Confusion , and the congregated World would not suffice now to people a Village . The last thing they suppose to be Wit , is their bitter Morals , when they almost declare themselves Enemies to Youth & Beautie ; by which severitie they seem cruel as Herod when he surpris'd the sleeping Children of Bethlem : for Youth is so far from wanting Enemies , that it is mortally its own ; so unpractis'd , that it is everywhere cosen'd more than a stranger among Jews ; & hath an infirmitie of sight more hurtfull than Blindness to Blind men ; for though it cannot chuse the way it scorns to be led . And Beautie , though many call themselves her Friends , hath few but such as are false to her : Though the World sets her in a Throne , yet all about her ( even her gravest Counsellors ) are Traytors , though not in conspiracie , yet in their distinct designs ; and to make her certain not onely of distress but ruin , she is ever pursu'd by her most cruel enemie , the great Destroyer , Time. But I will proceed no farther upon old men , nor in recording mistakes ; lest finding so many more , than there be Verities , we might believe we walk in as great obscurity as the Egyptians when Darkness was their Plague . Nor will I presume to call the matter of which the Ornaments or Substantial parts of this Poem-are compos'd , Wit ; but onely tell you my endeavour was , in bringing Truth ( too often absent ) home to mens bosoms , to lead her through unfrequented and new ways , and from the most remote Shades ; by representing Nature , though not in an affected , yet in an usual dress . 'T is now fit , after I have given you so long a survay of the Building , to render you some accompt of the Builder , that you may know by what time , pains , and assistants I have proceeded , or may hereafter finish my work : and in this I shall take occasion to accuse , and condemn , as papers unworthy of light , all those hastie digestions of thought which were published in my Youth ; a sentence not pronounc'd out of melancholly rigour , but from a cheerfull obedience to the just authoritie , of experience : For that grave Mistress of the World , Experience ( in whose profitable School , those before the Floud stay'd long , but we like wanton children come thither late , yet too soon are call'd out of it , and fetch'd home by Death ) hath taught me , that the engenderings of unripe age become abortive , and deform'd ; and that after obtaining more years , those must needs prophesie with ill success , who make use of their Visions in Wine ; That when the ancient Poets were valu'd as Prophets , they were long and painfull in watching the correspondence of Causes , ere they presum'd to foretel effects : and that 't is a high pesumption to entertain a Nation ( who are Poets standing Guest , and require Monarchical respect ) with hastie provisions ; as if a Poet might imitate a familiar dispatch of Faulkoners , mount his Pegasus , unhood his Muse , and with a few flights boast he hath provided a feast for a Prince . Such posting upon Pegasus I have long since forborn ; and during my Journey in this Work , have mov'd with a slow pace ; that I might make my survays as one that travelled not bring home the names , but the proportion , and nature of things : and in this I am made wise by two great examples ; for the friends of Virgil acknoledge he was many years in doing honour to Aeneas ( still contracting at night into a closer force , the abundance of his morning strengths ) and Statius rather seems to boast , than blush , when he confesses he was twice Seven in renowning the War between Argos and Thebes . Next to the usefulness of Time ( which here implies ripe age ( I believ'd pains most requisite to this undertaking : for though painfulness in Poets ( according to the usual negligence of our Nation in Examining , and their diligence to censure ) seems always to discover a want of natural force , and is traduc'd , as if Poesie concern'd the World no more than Dancing ; whose onely grace is the quickness and facilitie of motion ; and whole perfection is not of such publick consequence , that any man can merit much by attaining it with long labour ; yet let them consider , and they will find ( nor can I stay long ere I convince them in the important use of Poesie ) the natural force of a Poet more apparent , by but confessing that great forces ask great labour in managing , than by an arrogant braving the World , when he enters the field with his undisciplin'd first thoughts : For a wise Poet , like a wise General , will not shew his strengths till they are in exact government and order ; which are not the postures of chance , but proceed from Vigilance and Labour . Yet to such painfull Poets some upbraid the want of extemporary fury , or rather inspiration , a dangerous word ; which many have of late successfully us'd ; and inspiration is a spiritual Fit , deriv'd from the ancient Ethnick Poets , who then , as they were Priests , were States-men too , and probably lov'd dominion ; and as their well dissembling of Inspiration begot them reverence then , equal to that which was paid to Laws ; so these , who now profess the same fury , may perhaps by such authentick example pretend authoritie over the people ; It being not unreasonable to imagine , they rather imitate the Greek Poets , than the Hebrew Prophets , since the later were inspir'd for the use of others ; and these , like the former , prophesie for themselves . But though the ancient Poets are excus'd , as knowing the weak constitution of those Deities from whom they took their Priesthood ; and the frequent necessitie of dissembling for the ease of Government : yet these ( who also from the chief to the meanest are States-men and Priests , but have not the luck to be Poets ) should not assume such saucie familiaritie with a true God. From the time and labour requir'd to my Poem , let me proceed to my Assistants ; by which I shall not so much attest my own weakness , as discover the difficulties and greatness of such a work : For when Solomon made use of his Neighbours towards his Building , he lost no reputation , nor by demanding those aids was thought a lesser Prince ; but rather publish'd his Wisdom in rightly understanding the vast extent of his enterprise : Who likewise with as much glorie made use of Fellers of Wood , and Hewers of Stone , as of learned Architects : Nor have I refrain'd to be oblig'd to men of any Science , as well mechanical as liberal : Nor when Memorie ( from that various and plentifull stock , with which all observers are furnish'd , that have had diversitie of life ) presented me by chance with any figure , did I lay it aside as useless , because at that instant I was not skilfull to manage it artfully ? but I have staid and recorded such objects , till by consulting with right Masters I have dispos'd of them without mistake ; It being no more shame to get Learning at that very time , and from the same Text ; when , and by which , we instruct others ; than for a froward Scout , discovering the Enemie , to save his own life at a pass , where he then teaches his Partie to escape . In remembring mine own helps , I have consider'd those which others in the same necessitie have taken ; and find that Writers ( contrarie to my inclination ) are apter to be beholding to Books , than to Men ; not onely as the first are more in their possessions ( being more constant Companions than dearest friends ) but because they commonly make such use of treasure found in Books , as of other treasure belonging to the Dead , and hidden under ground ; for they dispose of both with great secrecie , defacing the shape or images of the one , as much as of the other ; through fear of having the original of their stealth or abundance discover'd . And the next cause why Writers are more in Libraries than in company , is , that Books are easily open'd , and learned men are usually shut up , by a froward or envious humour of retention , or else unfold themselves , so as we may read more of their weakness and vanitie , than Wisdom ; imitating the Holy-day-custom in great Cities , where the shops of Chaundrie , and slight wares , are familiarly open , but those of solid and staple merchandise are proudly lock'd up . Nor indeed can it be expected that all great Doctors are of so benign a nature , as to take pains in gaining treasure ( of which Knowledge is the greatest ) with intent to inrich others so easily , as if they stood every where with their Pockets spred , & ready to be pickt : nor can we read of any Father , who so far and secretly adopted his Son to a Book of his own writing , as that his Son might be thought Authour of that written Wit , as much as his Father was Authour of him : Nor of any Husband that to his darling Wife would so far surrender his Wisdom , as that in publique , he could endure to let her use his Dictates , as if she would have others think her wiser than himself . By this rememberance of that usual parsimony in owners of Wit , towards such as would make use of their plenty , I lament the fortune of others , and may wish the Reader to congratulate mine ; For I have found Friends as ready as Books , to regulate my conceptions , or make them more correct , easie and apparent . But though I am become so wise , by knowing my self , as to believe the thoughts of divers transcend the best which I have written ; yet I have admitted from no man any change of my Design , nor very seldom of my sense : For I resolv'd to have this Poem subsist and continue throughout with the same complexion and spirit ; though it appear but like a plain Family , of a neighbourly alliance , who marry into the same moderate quality and garb , and are fearfull of introducing strangers of greater rank , lest the shining presence of such , might seem to upbraid , and put all about them out of countenance . And now , Sir , that the Reader may ( whom Writers are ●ain to court , draw in , and keep with artifice , so shy men grow of Books ) believe me worthy of him , I cannot forbear to thank you in publick , for examining , correcting , and allowing this Poem in parcels ere it arriv'd at the contexture : by which you have perform'd the just degrees of proceeding with Poets ; who during the gayety and wantonness of the Muse , are but as children to Philosophers ( though of some Giant race ) whose first thoughts ( wilde , and roaming far off ) must be brought home , watch'd , and inter●ogated , and after they are made more regular , be encourag'd and prais'd for doing well , that they may delight in aiming at perfection . By such a Method the Muse is taught to become Master of her own , and others strength : and who is he so learn'd ( how proud soever with being cherish'd in the bosom of Fame ) that can hope , ( when through the several ways of Science , he seeks Nature in her hidden walks ) to make his Journey short , unless he call you to be his Guide ? and who so guided can suspect his safety , even when he travels through the Enemie's Countrey ? for such is the vast field of Learning , where the Learned ( though not numerous enough to be an Army ) lye as small Parties , maliciously in Ambush , to destroy all new Men that look into their Quarters . And from such , you , and those you lead , are secure ; because you move not by common Maps , but have painfully made your own Prospect ; and travel now like the Sun , not to inform your self , but enlighten the world . And likewise , when by the strict survey and Government that hath been had over this Poem , I shall think to govern the Reader ( who though he be noble , may perhaps judge of supream Power like a very Commoner , and rather approve authority , when it is in many , than in one ) I must acquaint him , that you had not alone the trouble of establishing and destroying ; but enjoy'd your intervals and ease by Two Colleagues ; Two that are worthy to follow you into the Closets of Princes ; if the knowledge of Men past , ( of whom Books are the remaining minds ) or of the present ( of whom Conversation is the usefull and lawfull Spie ) may make up such greatness , as is fit for great Courts : or if the rays that proceed from the Poetick Planet , be not a little too strong for the sight of modern Monarchs ; who now are too seldom taught in their youth , like Eaglets to fortifie their eyes by often soaring near the Sun. And though this be here but my testimony , it is too late for any of you to disclaim it ; for since you have made it valid by giving yours of GONDIBERT under your hands , you must be content to be us'd by me , as Princes are by their preferr'd Subjects ; who in the very act of taking honour , return it to the Giver ; as benefits receiv'd by the creature , manifest the power , and redound to the glory of the Creator . I am now , Sir , ( to your great comfort , that have been thus ill , and long diverted ) arriv'd at my last consideration , which is to satisfie those who may enquire why I have taken so much pains to become an Authour ? Or why any man stays so long sweating at the fire of Invention , to dress the food of the Minde , when Readers have so imperfect Stomachs , as they either devour Books with over hasty Digestion , or grow to loath them from a surfet . And why I more especially made my task an Heroick Poem ? I shall involve the two first Questions in one ; as submitting to be concern'd amongst the generality of Writers ; whose Enemies being many , and now mine , we must joyn forces to oppose them . Men are chiefly provok'd to the toyl of compiling Books , by love of Fame , and often by officiousness of Conscience , but seldom with expectation of Riches : for those that spend time in writing to instruct others , may finde leasure to inform themselves , how mean the provisions are which busie and studious minds can make for their own sedentary bodies : And Learned men ( to whom the rest of the world are but Infants ) have the same foolish affection in nourishing others minds , as Pelicans in feeding their young ; which is , at the expence of the very subsistance of Life . 'T is then apparent they proceed by the instigation of Fame , or Conscience ; and I believe many are perswaded by the first ( of which I am One ) and some are commanded by the second . Nor is the desire of Fame so vain as divers have rigidly imagin'd ; Fame being ( when belonging to the Living ) that which is more gravely call'd , a steddy and necessary reputation ; and without it , hereditary Power , or acquir'd greatness can never quietly govern the World. 'T is of the dead a musical glory , in which God , the Authour of excellent goodness , vouchsafes to take a continual share ; For the remember'd virtues of Great men are chiefly such of his works ( mention'd by King David ) as perpetually praise him : and the good fame of the Dead prevails by example , much more than the reputation of the Living , because the later is always suspected by our Envy , but the other is chearfully allow'd , and religiously admir'd : for Admiration ( whose Eyes are ever weak ) stands still , and at gaze upon great things acted far off ; but when they are near , walks slightly away as from familiar objects . Fame is to our Sons a solid Inheritance , and not usefull to remote Posterity ; and to our Reason , 't is the first , though but a little taste of Eternity . Those that write by the command of Conscience ( thinking themselves able to instruct others , and consequently oblig'd to it ) grow commonly the most voluminous ; because the pressures of Conscience are so incessant , that she is never satisfied with doing enough : for such as be newly made the Captives of God ( many appearing so to themselves , when they first begin to wear the Fetters of Conscience ) are like common slaves , when newly taken ; who terrified with a fancy of the severity of absolute Masters , abuse their diligence out of fear , and do ill , rather than appear idle . And this may be the cause why Libraries are more than double lin'd with Spiritual Books , or Tracts of Morality ; the later being the Spiritual Counsels of Lay-men ; and the newest of such great volumns ( being usually but transcriptions or translations ) differ so much from the Ancients , as later days from those of old ; which difference is no more than an alteration of names by removing the Ethnicks to make way for the Saints . These are the effects of their labours , who are provok'd to become Authours , meerly out of Conscience ; and Conscience we may again averre to be often so unskilfull and timorous , that it seldom gives a wise and steddy account of God ; but grows jealous of him as of an Adversary , and is after melancholy visions like a fearfull Scout , after he hath ill survey'd the Enemy , who then makes incongruous , long , and terrible Tales . Having confess'd that the desire of Fame made me a Writer ; I must declare , why in my riper age I chose to gain it more especially by an Heroical Poem ; and the Heroick , being by most allow'd to be the most beautifull of Poems , I shall not need to decide the quarrels of Poets about Degrees of Excellence in Poesie : But 't is no● amiss ere I avow the usefulness of the Science in general ( which was the cause of my undertaking ) to remember the value it had from the greatest and most worthy spirits in all Ages : for I will not abstain ( though it may give me the reputation but of common reading ) to mention , that P●sistratus , ( though a Tyrant ) liv'd with the praise , and dy'd with the blessing of all Greece , for gathering the scatter'd limbs of Homer's Works into a Body : and that great Alexander by publickly conversing with it , attain'd the universal opinion of Wit ; the fame of such inward forces conducing as much to his Conquests , as his Armies abroad : That the Athenian Prisoners were thought worthy of life and liberty for singing the Tragedies of Euripides : That Thebes was sav'd from destruction by the victors reverence to the memory of Pindar : That the elder Scipio , ( who govern'd all the civil world ) lay continually in the bosom of Ennius : That the great Numantin and Laelius ( no less renown'd ) were openly proud when the Romans believ'd they assisted Terence in his Comedies : That Augustus ( to whom the mysteries of the universal Empire were more familiar , than domestick Dominion to Modern Kings ) made Virgil the partner of his joys , and would have divided his businesses with Horace : And that Lucan was the fear and envy of Nero. If we approch nearer our own times , we may adde the triumphal Entry which the Papacy gave to Petrar●h ; and how much Tasso is still the glory and delight of Italie . But as in this hasty Muster of Poets , and listing their confederates , I shall by omitting many , deprive them of that pay which is due from Fame ; so I may now by the opinion of some Divines ( whom notwithstanding I will reverence in all their distinct habits and fashions of the mind ) be held partial , and too bold , by adding to the first number ( though I range them upon holy ground , and aside ) Moses , David , and Solomon , for their Songs , Psalms , and Anthems ; the Second being the acknowledg'd Favorite of God , whom he had gain'd by excellent Praises in sacred Poesie . And I fear ( since Poesie is the clearest light , by which they find the soul who seek it ) that Poets have in their fluent kindness diverted from the right use , and spent too much of that spiritual talent in the honour of mortal Princes : for divine Praise ( when in the high perfection , as in Poets , and onely in them ) is so much the uttermost and whole of Religious worship , that all other parts of Devotion serve but to make it up . 89 Praise , is Devotion fit for mighty Minds ; The diff'ring World 's agreeing Sacrifice ; Where Heaven divided Faiths united finds : But Pray'r in various discord upward flies . 90 For Pray'r the Ocean is , where diversly Men steer their course , each to a sev'ral Coast ; Where all our Int'rests so discordant be , That half beg winds by which the rest are lost . 91 By Penitence when We our selves forsake , 'T is but in wise design on piteous Heaven ; In Praise We nobly give what God may take , And are without a Beggars blush forgiven . 92 It s utmost force , like Powder 's , is unknown ; And though weak Kings excess of Praise may fear , Yet when 't is here , like Powder dang'rous grown , Heavens Vault receives what would the Palace tear . After this contemplation , how acceptable the voice of Poesie hath been to God , we may ( by descending from Heaven to Earth ) consider how usefull it is to Men ; and among Men , Divines are the chief , because ordain'd to temper the rage of humane power by spiritual menaces , as by sudden and strange threatenings madness is frighted into Reason ; and they are sent hither as Liegers from God , to conserve in stedfast motion the slippery joynts of Government ; and to perswade an amity in divided Nations : therefore to Divines I first address my self ; and presume to ask them , why , ever since their dominion was first allow'd , at the great change of Religions , ( though ours more than any inculca●es obedience , as an easie Medicine to cool the impatient and raging world into a quiet rest ) mankind hath been more unruly than before ? it being , visible that Empire decreas'd with the increase of Christianity ; and that one weak Prince did anciently suffice to govern many strong Nations : but now one little Province is too hard for thei● own wise King ; and a small Republick hath Seventy years maintain'd their Revolt to the disquiet of many Monarchs . Or if Divines reply , we cannot expect the good effects of their Office , because their spiritual Dominion is not allow'd as absolute , then it may be ask'd them more severely , why 't is not allow'd ? for where ever there hath been great degrees of power , ( which hath been often and long in the Church ) it discovers ( though worldly vicissitude be objected as an excuse ) that the managers of such power , since they endeavour'd not to enlarge it , believ'd the increase unrighteous ; or were in acting , or contriving that endeavour , either negligent or weak : For Power , like the hasty Vine , climbs up apace to the Supporter ; but if not skilfully attended and dress'd , in stead of spreading and bearing fruit , grows high and naked ; and then ( like empty title ) being soon useless to others , becomes neglected , and unable to support it self . But if Divines have fail'd in governing Princes ( that is , of being entirely believ'd by them ) yet they might obliquely have rul'd them , in ruling the People ; by whom of late , Princes have been govern'd ; and they might probably rule the People , because the heads of the Church ( where ever Christianity is preach'd ) are Te●rarchs of Time ; of which they command the fourth Division ; for to no less the Sabbaths , and Days of Saints amount ; and during those days of spiritual triumph , Pulpits are Thrones ▪ and the people oblig'd to open their Ears , and let in the ordinances and commands of Preachers ; who likewise are not without some little Regency throughout the rest of the Year ; for then they may converse with the Laity , from whom they have commonly such respect ( and respect soon opens the door to perswasion ) as shews their Congregations not deaf in those holy seasons , when speaking predominates . But notwithstanding these advantages , the Pulpit hath little prevail'd ; for the world is in all Regions revers'd , or shaken by disobedience , an Engine with which the great Angels ( for such were the Devils , and had faculties much more sublim'd than Men ) believ'd they could disorder Heaven . And it is not want of capacity in the lower Auditory that makes Doctrine so unsuccessfull ; for the people are not simple , since the Gentrie ( ●●en of strongest education ) lack sufficient defence against them , and are hourly surpriz'd in ( their common Ambushes ) their Shops : For on sacred Days they walk gravely and sadly from Temples , as if they had newly buried their sinfull Fathers ; at night sleep as if they never needed forgiveness ; and rise with the next Sun , to lie in wait for the Noble , and the Studious . And though these quiet Co●seners are amongst the People , esteemed their steddy Men ; yet they honour the courage , and more active parts of such disobedient Spirits , as disdaining thus tamely to deceive , attempt bravely to rob the State ; and the State they believe ( though the Helm were held by Apostles ) would always consist of such Arch-robbers , as who ever strips them , but waves the tedious satisfaction which the Lasie expect from Laws , and comes a shorter way to his own . Thus unapt for obedience ( in the condition of Beasts whose appetite is Liberty , and their Liberty a license of Lust ) the People have often been , since a long , and notorious power hath continued with Divines ; whom though with reverence we accuse for mistaken lenity , yet are we ●●t so cruel to expect they should behave themselves to Sinners like fierce Phinehas , or preach with their Swords drawn , to kill all they cannot perswade : But our meaning is to shew how much their Christian meekness hath deceived them in taming this wild monster , the People ; and a little to rebuke them for neglecting the assistance of Poets ; and for upbraiding the Ethnicks , because the Poets manag'd their Religion ; as if Religion could walk more prosperously abroad , than when Morality ( respectfully , and bare-headed as her Usher ) prepares the way : it being no less true , that during the dominion of Poesie , a willing and peacefull obedience to Superiours becalm'd the world ; then that obedience , like the marriage yoak , is a restraint more needfull and advantagious than liberty ; and hath the same reward of pleasant quietness , which it anciently had , when Adam , till his disobedience , enjoyed Paradise . Such are the effects of sacred Poesie , which charms the People with harmonious Precepts ; and whose aid Divines should not disdain , since their Lord ( the Saviour of the World ) vouchsaf'd to deliver his Doctrine in Parabolical Fictions . Those that be of next importance are Leaders of Armies ; and such I measure not by the suffrages of the People , who give them respect as Indians worship the evil Spirit , rather for sear of harm , than for affection ; but esteem them as the painfull Protectours and Enlargers of Empire ; by whom it actively moves , and such active motion of Empire is as necessary as the motion of the Sea , where all things would putrifie , and infect one another , if the Element were quiet : so is it with mens minds on shore , when that Element of greatness and honour , Empire , stands still ; of which the largeness is likewise as needfull , as the vastness of the Sea : For God ordain'd not huge Empire as proportionable to the Bodies , but to the Minds of Men ; and the Minds of Men are more monstrous , and require more space for agitation , and the hunting of others , than the bodies of Whales . But he that believes men such moderate Sheep , as that many are peacefully containd in a narrow Fold , may be better inform'd in America , where little Kings never enjoy a harmless neighbourhood , unless protected defensively amongst themselves , by an Emperour that hath wide possessions , and priority over them , ( as in some few places ) but when restrain'd in narrow dominion , where no body commands and hinders their nature , they quarrel like Cocks in a Pit ; & the Sun in a days travel there , sees more battels ( but not of consequence , because their Kings though many , are little ) than in Europe in a Year . To Leaders of Armies , as to very necessary Men ( whose Office requires the uttermost aids of Art and Nature , and rescues the sword of Justice , when 't is wrested from supream Power by Commotion ) I am now address'd , and must put them in mind ( though not upbraidingly ) how much their Mighty Predecessours were anciently oblig'd to Poets ; whose Songs ( recording the praises of Conduct and Valour ) were esteem'd the chiefest rewards of Victory ; And since Nature hath made us prone to Imitation ( by which we equal the best or the worst ) how much those Images of Action prevail upon our minds , which are delightfully drawn by Poets ? For the greatest of the Grecian Captains have confess'd , that their Counsels have been made wise , and their Courages warm by Homer ; and since Praise is a pleasure which God hath invited , and with which he often vouchsaf'd to be pleas'd when it was sent him by his own Poet ; why is it not lawfull for virtuous men to be cherish'd , and magnify'd with hearing their Vigilance , Valour , and good Fortune ( the latter being more the immediate gift of Heaven , because the effect of an unknown Cause ) commended and made eternal in Poesie ? But perhaps the Art of praising Armies into great and instant action , by singing their former deeds ( an Art with which the Ancients made Empire so large ) is too subtle for modern Leaders ; who as they cannot reach the heights of Poesie , must be content with a narrow space of Dominion : and narrow Dominion breeds evil , peevish , and vexatious minds , and a National self-opinion , like simple Jewish arrogance ; and the Jews were extraordinarie proud in a very little Countrey : For men in contracted governments are but a kind of Prisoners ; and Prisoners by long restraint grow wicked , malitious to all abroad , and foolish esteemers of themselves ; as if they had wrong in not enjoying every thing which they can onely see out of Windows . Our last application is to States-men , and makers of Laws ; who may be reasonably reduc'd to one ; since the second differ no more from the first , than Judges ( the Copies of Law-makers ) differ from their Originals : For Judges , like all bold Interpreters , by often altering the Text , make it quite new ; and States-men ( who differ not from Law-makers in the act , but in the manner of doing ) make new Laws presumptuously without the consent of the people ; but Legislators more civilly seem to whistle to the Beast , and stroak him into the Yoak : and in the Yoak of State , the people ( with too much pampering ) grow soon unruly and draw awrie ; Yet States-men and Judges ( whose business is Governing , and the thing to be Govern'd is the People ) have amongst us ( we being more proud and mistaken than any other famous Nation ) look'd gravely upon Poetrie , and with a negligence that betray'd a Northerly ignorance ; as if they believ'd they could perform the work without it . But Poets ( who with wise diligence studie the People , and have in all ages by an insensible influence govern'd their manners ) may justly smile when they perceive that Divines , Leaders of Armies , States-men & Judges , think Religion , the Sword , or ( which is unwritten Law , and a secret Confederacie of Chiefs ) Policie , or Law ( which is written , but seldom rightly read ) can give without the help of the Muses , a long and quiet satisfaction in government : For Religion is to the wicked and saithless ( who are many ) a jurisdiction against which they readily rebel ; because it rules severely , yet promiseth no worldly recompence for obedience ; obedience being by every humane Power invited with assurances of visible advantage . The good ( who are but few ) need not the power of Religion to make them better , the power of Religion proceeding from her threatnings , which though mean weapons , are fitly us'd , since she hath none but base Enemies . We may observe too , that all Virtuous men are so taken up with the rewards of Heaven , that they live as if out of the World ; and no government receives assistance from any man meerly as he is good ; but as that goodness is active in temporal things . The Sword is in the hand of Justice no guard to Government , but then when Justice hath an Army for her own defence ; and Armies , if they were not pervertible by Faction , yet are to Common-wealths like Kings Physitians to poor Patients ; who buy the cure of their disorder'd bodies at so high a rate , that they may be said to change their Sickness for Famin. Policie ( I mean of the Living , not of the Dead ; the one being the last rules or designs governing the Instant , the other those laws that began Empire ) is as mortal as States-men themselves : whose incessant labours make that Hectick seaver of the mind , which insensibly dispatches the Bodie : and when we trace States-men through all the Histories of Courts , we find their Inventions so unnecessarie to those that succeed at the Helm , or so much envi'd as they scarce last in authoritie till the Inventors are buried : and change of Designs in States-men ( their designs being the weapons by which States are defended ) grows as distructive to Government , as a continual change of various weapons into Armies ; which must receive with ruin any sudden assault , when want of practice makes unactiveness . We cannot urge that the ambition of Statesmen ( who are obnoxious to the people ) doth much disorder Government ; because the peoples anger , by a perpetual coming in of new Oppressours is so diverted in considering those whom their Eyes but lately left , as they have not time enough to rise for the Publick : and evil successors to power are in the troubled stream of State , like succeeding Tides in Rivers , where the Mud of the former is hidden by the filth of the last . Laws , if very ancient , grow as doubtfull and difficult as Letters on buried Marble , which onely Antiquaries read ; but if not Old , they want that reverence which is therefore paid to the virtues of Ancestors , because their crimes come not to our remembrance ; and yet great men must be long dead whose ills are forgotten . If Laws be New , they must be made either by very Angels , or by Men that have some vices ; and those being seen make their Virtues suspected ; for the People no more esteem able men , whose defects they know , ( though but errors incident to Humanitie ) than an Enemie values a strong Army having experience of their Errors . And new Laws are held but the projects of necessitous Power , new Nets spred to intangle Us ; the Old being accounted too many , since most are believ'd to be made for Forfeitures : and such letting of bloud ( though intended by Law-makers for our health ) is to the People always out of Season : for those that love life with too much Passion ( and Money is the Life-bloud of the People ) ever fear a Consumption . But be Law-makers as able as Nature or Experience ( which is the best Art ) can make them ; yet though I will not yield the Wicked to be wiser than the Virtuous , I may say , offences are too hard for the Laws , as some Beasts are too wily for their Hunters ; and that Vice over-grows Virtue , as much as Weeds grow faster than Medicinable Herbs : or rather that Sin , like the fruitfull slime of Nilus , doth increase into so many various shapes of Serpents ( whose walks and retreats are winding and unknown ) that even Justice , ( the painfull pursuer of Mischief ) is become wearie , and amaz'd . After these meditations , me thinks Government resembles a Ship , where though Divines , Leaders of Armies , States-men , and Judges are the trusted Pilots ; yet it moves by the means of winds , as uncertain as the breath of Opinion ; and is laden with the People ; a Fraight much loosser , and more dangerous than any other living Stowage ; being as troublesom in fair weather , as Horses in a Storm . And how can these Pilots stedily maintain their course to the Land of Peace and Plentie , since they are often divided at the Helm ? For Divines ( when they consider great Chiefs ) suppose Armies to be sent from God for a temporarie Plague , not for continual Jurisdiction ; and that Gods extream punishments ( of which Armies be the most violent ) are ordain'd to have no more lastingness than extreams in Nature . They think ( when they consider States-men ) Policie hath nothing of the Dove , and being all Serpent , is more dangerous than the dangers it pretends to prevent : and that out-witting ( by falshood and corruption ) adverse States , or the People ( though the People be often the greater enemie and more perilsom being nearest ) is but giving reputation to Sin , and that to maintain the Publick by politick evils , is a base prostitution of Religion , and the prostitution of Religion is that unpardonable whordom , which so much anger'd the Prophets . They think Law nothing but the Bible forcibly usurp'd by covetous Lawyers , and disguis'd in a Paraphrase more obscure than the Text ; and that 't is onely want of just reverence to Religion , which doth expose us to the charges and vexations of Law. The Leaders of Armies accuse Divines , for unwisely raising the War of the World by opposite Doctrine , and for being more indiscreet in thinking to appease it by perswasion ; forgetting that the dispatchfull ending of War is blows ; and that the natural region for Disputes , when Nations are engag'd ( though by Religion ) is the Field of Battel , not Schools and Academies ; which they believe ( by their restless controversies ) less civil than Camps ; as intestine Quarrel is held more barbarous than forreign War. They think States-men to them ( unless dignifi'd with militarie Office ) but mean Spies , that like African Foxes ( who attend on Lions , ranging before and about for their valiant prey ) shrink back till the danger be subdu'd , and then with insatiate hunger come in for a share : Yet sometimes with the Eye of Envie ( which enlarges objects like a multiplying glass ) they behold these States-men , and think them immense as Whales ; the motion of whose vast bodies can in a peacefull calm trouble the Ocean till it boyl ; After a little hastie wonder , they consider them again with disdain of their low constraints at Court ; where they must patiently endure the little follies of such small Favourites as wait even near the wisest Thrones ; so fantastically weak seem Monarchs in the sickness of Care ( a feaver in the head ) when for the humorous pleasure of Diversitie , they descen● from purple Beds , and seek their ease upon the ground . These great Leaders say also , that Law moves slowly as with fetter'd feet , and is too tedious in redress of wrongs ; whilst in Armies Justice seems to ride post , and overtakes Offenders ere the contagion of crimes can infect others : and though in Courts and Cities great men fence often with her , and with a forcive sleight put by her sword ; yet when she retires to Camps , she is in a posture not onely to punish the offences of particular Greatness , but of injurious Nations . States-men look on Divines as men whose long solitude and Meditations on Heaven hath made them Strangers upon Earth : and 't is acquaintance with the World , and knowledge of Man that makes abilities of Ruling : for though it may be said that a sufficient belief of Doctrine would beget Obedience ( which is the uttermost design of Governing ) yet since diversitie of Doctrine doth distract all Auditors , and makes them doubtfully dispose their obedience ( even towards spiritual powers , on which many would have the temporal depend ) therefore States-men think themselves more fit to manage Empire , than Divines ; whose usefulness consists in perswasion ; and perswasion is the last medicine ( being the most desperate ) which States-men apply to the distemper of the People : for their distemper is madness , and madness is best cur'd with terrour and force . They think that Leaders of Armies are to great Empire , as great Rivers to the continent ; which make an easie access of such benefits as the Metropolis ( the seat of Power ) would else at vast distances with difficultie reach : yet often like proud Rivers when they swell , they destroy more by once overflowing their borders at home , than they have in long time acquir'd from abroad : They are to little Empire like the Sea to low Islands , by nature a defence from Forreigners , but by accident , when they rage , a deluge to their own shore . And at all seasons States-men believe them more dangerous to Government than themselves : for the popularitie of States-men is not so frequent as that of Generals ; or if by rare sufficiencie of Art it be gain'd ; yet the force of crowds in Cities , compar'd to the validitie of men of Arms , and discipline , would appear like a great number of Sheep to a few Wolves , rather a cause of Comfort than of Terrour . They think that chief Ministers of Law by unskilfull integritie , or love of popularity ( which shews the Mind , as meanly born as bred ) so earnestly pursue the protection of the Peoples right , that they neglect publick Interest ; & though the Peoples right and publick Interest be the same , yet usually by the People , the Ministers of Law mean private men , and by the other the State ; and so the State and the People are divided , as we may say a man is divided within himself , when Reason and passion ( and Passion is folly ) dispute about consequent actions ; and if we were call'd to assist at such intestine War , we must side with Reason , according to our dutie , by the Law of Nature ; and Natures Law , though not written in Stone ( as was the Law of Religion ) hath taken deep impression in the Heart of Man , which is harder than marble of Mount-Sinai . Chief Ministers of Law , think , Divines in government should like the Penal Statutes , be choicely , and but seldom us'd ; for as those Statutes are rigorously inquisitive after venial faults , ( punishing our very manners and weak constitution , as well as insolent appetite ; so Divines ( that are made vehement with contemplating the dignitie of the Offended , ( which is God ) more than the frailtie of the Offender ) govern as if men could be made Angels , ere they come to Heaven . Great Ministers of Law think likewise that Leaders of Armies are like ill Physitians ; onely fit for desperate cures , whose boldness calls in the assistance of Fortune , during the fears and troubles of Art ; Yet the health they give to a distemper'd State is not more accidental , than the preservation of it is uncertain ; because they often grow vain with success , and encourage a restor'd State to such hazards , as shew like irregularitie of life in other recover'd bodies ; such as the cautious and ancient gravitie of Law disswaded : For Law ( whose temperate design is safetie ) rather prevents by constancie of Medicine ( like a continu'd Diet ) diseases in the bodie politick , than depends after a permitted Sickness upon the chance of recoverie . They think States-men strive to be as much Judges of Law as themselves ; being chief Ministers of Law , are Judges of the People , and that even good States-men pervert the Law more than evil Judges : For Law was anciently meant a defensive Armour , and the People took it as from the Magazine of Justice , to keep them safe from each others violence ; but Sates-men use it as offensive Arms , with which in forraging to get relief for Supream Power , they often wound the Publick . Thus we have first observ'd the Four chief aids of Government , ( Religion , Arms , Policie , and Law ) defectively appli'd , and then we have found them weak by an emulous war amongst themselves : it follows next , we should introduce to strengthen those principal aids ( stil making the People our direct object ) some collateral help ; which I will safely presume to consist in Poesie . We have observ'd that the People since the latter time of Christian Religion , are more unquiet than in former Ages ; so disobedient and fierce , as if they would shake off the ancient imputation of being Beasts , by shewing their Masters they know their own strength : and we shall not erre by supposing that this conjunction of four-fold Power hath fail'd in the effects of authority by a mis-application ; for it hath rather endeavour'd to prevail upon their bodies , than their minds ; forgetting that the martial art of constraining is the best , which assaults the weaker part ; and the weakest part of the people is their minds ; for want of that which is the minds onely strength , Education ; but their Bodies are strong by continual labour ; for Labour is the Education of the Body . Yet when I mention the mis-application of force , I should have said , they have not onely fail'd by that , but by a main errour ; Because the subject on which they should work , is the Mind ; and the Mind can never be constrain'd , though it may be gain'd by perswasion : And since Perswasion is the principal instrument , which can bring to fashion the brittle and mis-shapen mettal of the Mind , none are so fit to this important work as Poets ; whose art is more than any , enabled with a voluntary , and chearfull assistance of Nature ; and whose operations are as restless , secret , easie and subtile , as is the influence of Planets . I must not forget ( lest I be prevented by the vigilance of the Reader ) that I have profess'd not to represent the beauty of Virtue in my Poem , with hope to perswade common men ; and I have said , that Divines have fail'd in discharging their share of Government , by depending upon the effects of perswasion ; and that States-men in managing the people , rely not upon the perswasion of Divines , but upon force . In my despair of reducing the minds of Common men , I have not confest any weakness of Poesie in the general Science ; but rather inferr'd the particular strength of the Heroick ; which hath a force that over-matches the infancy of such minds as are enabled by degrees of Education ; but there are lesser forces in other kinds of Poesie , by which they may train and prepare their understandings ; and Princes and Nobles being reform'd and made Angelical by the Heroi●ks , will be predominant lights , which the people cannot chuse but use for direction ; as Glow-worms take in , and keep the Suns beams till they shine , and make day to themselves . In saying that Divines have vainly hop'd to continue the peace of Government by perswasion , I have imply'd such perswasions as are accompanied with threatnings , and seconded by force ; which are the perswasions of Pulpits ; where is presented to the obstinate , Hell after Death ; and the civil Magistrate during life constrains such obedience as the Church doth ordain . But the perswasions of Poesie , in stead of menaces , are Harmonious and Delightfull Insinuations , and never any constraint ; unless the ravishment of Reason , may be call'd Force . And such Force ( contrary to that which Divines , Commanders , States-men and Lawyers use ) begets such obedience as is never weary or griev'd . In declaring that States-men think not the State wholly secure by such manners as are bred from the perswasions of Divines , but more willingly make Government rely upon military-force , I have neither concluded that Poets are unprofitable , nor that States-men think so ; for the wisdom of Poets , would first make the Images of Virtue so amiable , that her beholders should not be able to look off ( rather gently and delightfully infusing , than inculcating Precepts ) and then when the mind is conquer'd , like a willing Bride , Force should so behave it self , as noble Husbands use their power ; that is , by letting their Wives see the Dignity and Prerogative of our Sex ( which is the Husbands harmless conquest of Peace ) continually maintain'd to hinder Disobedience , rather than rigorously impose Duty : But to such an easie government , neither the People which are subjects to Kings and States ) nor Wives which are subject to Husbands ) can peacefully yield , unless they are first conquer'd by Virtue ; and the Conquests of Virtue be never easie , but where her forces are commanded by Poets . It may be objected , that the education of the Peoples minds ( from whence virtuous Manners are deriv'd ) by the several kinds of Poesie ( of which the Dramatick hath been in all Ages very successfull ) is opposite to the receiv'd opinion , that the people ought to be continu'd in ignorance ; a Maxim sound●ng like the little subtilty of one that is a States man onely by Birth or Beard , and merits not his place by much thinking : For Ignorance is rude , sensorious , jealous , obstinate , and proud ; these being exactly the ingredients of which Disobedience is made ; and Obedience proceeds from ample consideration ; of which knowledge consists ; and knowledge will soon put into one Scale the weight of oppression , and in the other , the heavie burden which Disobedience lays on us in the effects of civil War : & then even Tyranny will seem much lighter , when the hand of supream Power binds up our Load , and lays it artfully on us , than Disobedience ( the Parent of Confusion ) when we all load one another ; in which every one irregularly increases his fellows burdens , to lessen his own . Others may object that Poesie on our Stage , or the Heroick in Musick ( for so the latter was anciently us'd ) is prejudicial to a State ; as begetting Levity , and giving the people too great a diversion by pleasure and mirth . To these ( if they be worthy of satisfaction ) I reply , That whoever in Government endeavours to make the people serious and grave , ( which are attributes that may become the peoples Representatives , but not the people ) doth practise a new way to enlarge the State , by making every Subject a States-man : and he that means to govern so mournfully ( as it were , without any Musick in his Dominion ) must lay but light burdens on his Subjects ; or else he wants the ordinary wisdom of those , who to their Beasts , that are much loaden whistle all the day to encourage their Travel . For that supream Power which expects a firm obedience in those , who are not us'd to rejoycing , but live sadly , as if they were still preparing for the funeral of Peace , hath little skill in contriving the lastingness of Government , which is the principal work of Art ; And less hath that Power consider'd Nature ; as if such new austeritie did seem to tax , even her , for want of gravity , in bringing in the Spring so merrily with a musical variety of Birds ; And such sullen power doth forget , that Battels ( the most solemn and serious business of Death ) are begun with Trumpets and Fifes ; and anciently were continu'd with more diversity of Musicks . And that the Grecian Laws ( Laws being the gravest endeavour of humane Councels , for the ease of Life ) were long before the days of Lycurgus ( to make them more pleasant to memory ) publish'd in Verse : And that the wise Athenians ( dividing into three Parts the publick Revenue ) expended one in Plays and Shows , to divert the people from meeting to consult of their Rulers merit , and the defects of Government : And that the Romans had not so long continu'd their Empire , but for the same diversions , at a vaster charge . Again it may be objected , that the Precepts of Christian Religion are sufficient towards our regulation , by appointment of manners , and towards the ease of Life , by imposing obedience ; so that the moral assistance of Poesie , is but vainly intruded . To this I may answer , That as no man should suspect the sufficiency of Religion by its insuccessfulness ; so if the insuccessfulness be confess'd , we shall as little disparage Religion , by bringing in more aids when 't is in action , as a General dishonours himself by endeavouring with more of his own Forces , to make sure an attempt that hath a while miscarried : For Poesie , which ( like contracted Essences seems the utmost strength and activity of Nature ) is as all good Arts , subservient to Religion ; all marching under the same Banner , though of less discipline and esteem . And as Poesie is the best Expositor of Nature ( Nature being mysterious to such as use not to consider ) so Nature is the best Interpreter of God ; and more cannot be said of Religion . And when the Judges of Religion ( which are the Chiefs of the Church ) neglect the help of Moralists in reforming the people , ( and Poets are of all Moralists the most usefull ) they give a sentence against the Law of Nature : For Nature performs all things by correspondent aids and harmony . And 't is injurious not to think Poets the most usefull Moralists ; for as Poesie is adorn'd and sublim'd by Musick , which makes it more pleasant and acceptable ; so morality is sweetned and made more amiable by Poesie . And the Austerity of some Divines may be the cause why Religion hath not more prevail'd upon the manners of Men : for great Doctours should rather comply with things that please ( as the wise Apostle did with Ceremonies ) than lose a Proselyte . And even Honour ( taught by moral Philosophers , but more delightfully infus'd by Poets ) will appear ( notwithstanding the sad severity of some latter Divines ) no unfase Guid towards Piety : for it is as wary and nice as Conscience , though more chearfull and couragious . And however Honour be more pleasing to flesh and bloud , because in this World it finds applause ; yet 't is not so mercenarie as Piety : for Piety ( being of all her expectations inwardly assur'd ) expects a reward in Heaven , to which all earthly payments compar'd , are but Shaddows , and Sand. And it appears that Poesie hath for its natural prevailings over the Understandings of Men ( sometimes making her conquests with easie plainness , like Native countrey Beauty ) been very successfull in the most grave and important occasions , that the necessities of States or Mankind have produc'd . For it may be said that Demosthenes sav'd the Athenians by the Fable or Parable of the Dogs and Wolves , in answer to King Philip's Proposition ; And that Menenius Agrippa sav'd the Senate , if not Rome , by that of the Belly , and the Hands : and that even our Saviour was pleas'd ( as the most prevalent way of Doctrine ) wholly to use such kind of Parables in his converting , or saving of Souls ; it being written , W●hout a Parable spake he not to them . And had not the learned Apostle thought the wisdom of Poets worthy his remembrance ▪ and instructive , not onely to Heathens , but to Christians , he had not cited Epimenides to the Cretans , as well as Aratus to the Athenians . I cannot also be ignorant that divers ( whose conscientious Melancholy amazes and discourages others Devotion ) will accuse Poets as the admirers of Beauty ; and Inventors , or Provokers of that which by way of aspersion they call Love. But such , in their first accusation seem to look carelesly and unthankfully upon the wonderful works of God ; or else through low education , or age , become incompetent Judges of what is the chief of his works upon Earth . And Poets , when they praise Beauty , are at least as lawfully thankfull to God , as when they praise Seas , Woods , Rivers , or any other parts that make up a prospect of the world . Nor can it be imagin'd but that Poets in praising them , praise wholly the Maker ; and so in praising Beauty : For that Woman who believes she is prais'd when her beauty is commended , may as well suppose that Poets thinks she created her self : And he that praises the inward beauty of Women , which is their Virtue , doth more perform his duty than before : for our envious silence in not approving , and so encouraging what is good , is the cause that vice is more in fashion and countenance than Virtue . But when Poets praise that which is not beauty , or the mind which is not virtuous , they erre through their mistake , or by flattery ; and flattery is a crime so much prosperous in others who are companions to greatness , that it may be held in Poets rather kindness than design . They who accuse Poets as provokers of Love , are Enemies to Nature ; and all affronts to Nature are offences to God , as insolencies to all subordinate officers of the Crown are rudenesses to the King. Love ( in the most obnoxious interpretation ) is Natures Preparative to her greatest work , which is the making of Life . And since the severest Divines of these latter times have not been asham'd publickly to command and define the most secret duties , and entertainments of Love in the Married ; why should not Poets civily endeavour to make a Friendship between the Guests before they meet , by teaching them to dignifie each other with the utmost of estimation . And Marriage in Mankind were as rude and unprepar'd as the hasty elections of other Creatures , but for acquaintance , and conversation before it : and that must be an acquaintance of Minds , not of bodies ; and of the Mind , Poesie is the most natural and delightfull Interpreter . When neither Religion ( which is our art towards God ) nor Nature ( which is Gods first Law to Man , though by Man least study'd ) nor when Reason ( which is Nature , and made art by Experience ) can by the enemies of Poesie be sufficiently urg'd against it , then some ( whose frowardness will not let them quit an evil cause ) plead written Authority . And though such authority be a Weapon , which even in the War of Religion , distress'd disputers take up , as their last shift ; yet here we would protest against it , but that we find it makes a false defence , and leaves the Enemy more open . This Authority ( which is but single too ) is from Plato ; and him some have maliciously quoted ; as if in his feign'd Common-wealth he had banish'd all Poets . But Plato says nothing against Poets in general ; and in his particular quarrel ( which is to Homer , and Hesiod ) onely condemns such errours as we mention'd in the beginning of this Preface , when we look'd upon the Ancients . And those errours consist in their abasing Religion , by representing the Gods in evil proportion , and their Heroes with as unequal Characters ; and so brought Vices into fashion , by intermixing them with the virtues of great persons . Yet even during this divine anger of Plato , he concludes not against Poesie , but the Poems then most in request : For these be the words of his Law : If any Man ( having ability to imitate what he pleases ) imitate in his Poems both good and evil , let him be reverenced , as a sacred , admirable , and pleasant Person ; but be it likewise known , he must have no place in our Common-wealth . And yet before his banishment he allows him , the honour of a Diadem , a●d sweet Odours to anoint his Head : And afterwards says , Let us make use of more profitable , though more severe , and less pleasant Poets , who can imitate that which is for the honour and benefit of the Common-wealth . But those who make use of this just indignation of Plato to the unjust scandal of P●esie , have the common craft of False Witnesses , enlarging every circumstance , when it may hurt , and concealing all things that may defend him they oppose . For they will not remember how much the Scholar of Plato ( who like an absolute Monarch over Arts , hath almost silenc'd his Master throughout the Schools of Europe ) labours to make Poesie universally current , by giving Laws to the Science : Nor will they take notice , in what dignity it continu'd whilest the Greeks kept their dominion , or Language ; and how much the Romans cherish'd even the publick repetition of Verses : Nor will they vouchsafe to observe ( though Juvenal take care to record it ) how gladly all Rome ( during that exercise ) ran to the voice of Statius . Thus having taken measure ( though hastily ) of the extent of those great Professions that in Government contribute to the necessities , ease , and lawfull pleasures of Men ; and finding Poesie as usefull now , as the Ancients found it towards perfection and happiness ; I will , Sir , ( unless with these Two Books you return me a discouragement ) chearfully proceed : and though a little time would make way for the Third , and make it fit for the Press , I am resolv'd rather to hazard the inconvenience which expectation breeds , ( for divers with no ill satisfaction have had a taste of Gondibert ) than endure that violent envy which assaults all Writers whilest they live ; though their Papers be but fill'd with very negligent and ordinary thoughts : and therefore I delay the publication of any part of the Poem , till I can send it you from America ; whither I now speedily prepare ; having the folly to hope , that when I am in another World ( though not in the common sense of dying ) I shall find my Readers ( even the Poets of the present Age ) as temperate , and benign , as we are all to the Dead , whose remote excellence cannot hinder our reputation . And now , Sir , to end with the Allegory which I have so long continu'd , I shall , ( after all 〈◊〉 busie vanitie in shewing and describing my new Building ) with great quietness , being almost as weary as your self , bring you to the Back-door , that you may make no review but in my absence ; and steal hastily from you , as one who is asham'd of all the trouble you have receiv'd from , ( SIR ) Your most humble , and most affectionate Servant From the Louure in Paris , January 2. 1650. WIL. D'AVENANT . THE ANSWER OF Mr. HOBBES TO Sr. WILL. D'AVENANT'S PREFACE before GONDIBERT . SIR , IF to commend your Poem , I should onely say ( in general Terms ) that in the choice of your Argument , the disposition of the parts , the maintenance of the Characters of your Persons , the dignitie and vigour of your expression , you have performed all the parts of various experience , readie memorie , clear judgement , swift and well govern'd fancie , though it were enough for the truth , it were too little for the weight and credit of my testimonie . For I lie open to two Exceptions , one of an incompetent , the other of a corrupted Witness . Incompetent , because I am not a Poet ; and corrupted with the Honour done me by your Preface . The former obliges me to say something ( by the way ) of the Nature and Differences of Poesie . As Philosophers have divided the Universe ( their subject ) into three Regions , Celestial , Aërial , and Terrestrial ; so the Poets , ( whose work it is by imitating humane life , in delightfull and measur'd lines , to avert men from vice , and incline them to virtuous and honourable actions ) haue lodg'd themselves in the three Regions of mankind , Court , Citie , and Countrey , correspondent in some proportion , to those three Regions of the World. For there is in Princes , and men of conspicuous power ( anciently call'd Heroes ) a lustre and influence upon the rest of men , resembling that of the Heavens , and an insincereness , inconstancie , and troublesom humour of those that dwell in populous Cities , like the mobilitie , blustering , and impuritie of the Air ; and a plainness , and ( though dul ) yet a nutritive facultie in rural people , that endures a comparison with the Earth they labour . From hence have proceeded three sorts of Poesie , Heroique , Scommatique , and Pastoral . Every one of these is distinguished again in the manner of Representation , which sometimes is Narrative , wherein the Poet himself relateth ; and sometimes Dramatique , as when the persons are every one adorned and brought upon the Theatre , to speak and act their own parts . There is therefore neither more nor less than six sorts of Poesie . For the Heroique Poem Narrative ( such as is yours ) is call'd Epique Poem ; The Heroique Poem Dramatique , is Tragedie . The Scommatique Narrative , is Satyre ; Dramatique is Comedie . The Pastoral Narrative , is called simply Pastoral ( anciently Bucolique ) the same Dramatique , Pastoral Comedie . The Figure therefore of an Epique Poem , and of a Tragedie , ought to be the same , for they differ no more but in that they are pronounced by one , or many persons . Which I insert to iustifie the figure of yours , consisting of five books divided into Songs , or Cantoes , as five Acts divided into Scenes has ever been the approved figure of a Tragedie . They that take for Poesie whatsoever is writ in Verse , will think this Division imperfect , and call in Sonets , Epigrams ; Eclogues , and the like pieces ( which are but Essayes , and parts of an entire Poem ) and reckon Empedocies and Lucretius ( natural Philosophers ) for Poets , and the moral precepts of Phoc●lides Theognis , and the Quatrains of Pybrach , and the Historie of Lucan , and others of that kind amongst Poems ; bestowing on such Writers for honour , the name of Poets , rather than of Historians , or Philosophers . But the subject of a Poem , is the manners of men , not natural causes ; manners presented , not dictated ; and manners feigned ( as the name of Poesie imports ) not found in men . They that give enterance to Fictions writ in Prose , erre not so much , but they erre : For Prose requiteth delightfulness , not onely of fiction , but of stile ; in which if Prose contend with Verse , it is with disadvantage and ( as it were ) on foot against the strength and wings of Pegasus . For Verse amongst the Greeks was appropriated anciently to the service of their Gods , and was the Holy stile ; the stile of the Oracles ; the stile of the Laws ; and the stile of Men that publickly recommended to their Gods , the vows and thanks of the people ; which was done in their holy songs called Hymns ; and the composers of them were called Prophets and Priests before the name of Poet was known . When afterwards the majestie of that stile was observed , The Poets chose it as best becoming their high invention . And for the Antiquitie of Verse , it is greater than the antiquitie of Letters . For it is certain , Cadmus was the first that ( from Phoenicia , a Countrey that neighboureth Judea ) brought the use of Letters into Greece . But the service of the Gods , and the Laws ( which by measured Sounds were easily committed to the memorie ) had been long time in use , before the arrival of Cadmus there . There is besides the grace of stile , another cause why the ancient Poets chose to write in measured language , which is this . There Poems were made at first with intention to have them sung , as well Epick as Dramatick ( which custom hath been long time laid aside , but began to be revived in part , of late years in Italie ) and could not be made commensurable to the Voice or Instruments , in Prose ; the ways and motions whereof are so uncertain and undistinguished , ( like the way and motion of a Ship in the Sea ) as not onely to discompose the best Composers , but also to disapoint sometimes the most attentive Reader , and put him to hunt counter for the sense . It was therefore necessarie for Poets in those times , to write in Verse . The Verse which the Greeks , and Latines ( considering the nature of their own languages ) found by experience most grave , and for an Epique Poem most decent , was their Hexameter ; a Verse limited , not onely in the length of the line , but also in the quantitie of the syllables . In stead of which we use the line of ten Syllables , recompensing the neglect of their quantitie , with the diligence of Rime . And this measure is so proper for an Heroique Poem , as without some loss of gravitie and dignitie , it was never changed . A longer is not far from ill Prose , and a shorter , is a kind of whisking ( you know ) like the unlacing , rather than the singing of a Muse. In an Epigram or a Sonnet , a man may vary his measures , and seek glorie from a needless difficultie , as he that contrived Verses into the form of an Organ , a Hatchet , an Egg , an Altar , and a pair of Wings ; but in so great and noble a work as is an Epique Poem , for a man to obstruct his own way with unprofitable difficulties , is great imprudence . So likewise to chuse a needless and difficult correspondence of Rime , is but a difficult toy , and forces a man sometimes for the stopping of a chink , to say somewhat he did never think ; I cannot therefore but very much approve your Stanza , wherein the syllables in every Verse are ten , and the Rime Alternate . For the choice of your Subject , you have sufficiently justified your self in your Preface . But because I have observed in Virgil , that the Honour done to Aeneas and his companions , has so bright a reflection upon Augustus Caesar , and other great Romans of that time , as a man may suspect him not constantly possessed with the noble spirit of those his Heroes , and believe you are not acquainted with any great man of the race of Gondibert , I adde to your Justification the puritie of your purpose , in having no other motive of your labour , but to adorn Virtue , and procure her Lovers ; than which there cannot be a worthier design , and more becoming noble Poesie . In that you make so small account of the example of almost all the approved Poets , ancient and modern , who thought fit in the beginning , and sometimes also in the progress of their Poems , to invoke a Muse , or some other Deitie , that should dictate to them , or assist them in their writings ; they that take not the laws of Art , from any reason of their own , but from the fashion of precedent times , will perhaps accuse your singularitie , For my part , I neither subscribe to their accusation , nor yet condemn that Heathen custom , otherwise than as accessarie to their false Religion . For their Poets were their Divines ; had the name of Prophets , Exercised amongst the People a kind of spiritual Authoritie ; would be thought to speak by a Divine spirit ; have their works which they writ in Verse ( the Divine stile ) pass for the Word of God , and not of man ; and to be hearkened to with reverence . Do not our Divines ( excepting the stile ) do the same , and by us that are of the same Religion cannot justly be reprehended for it ? Besides , in the use of the spiritual calling of Divines , there is danger sometimes to be feared , from want of skill , such as is reported of unskilfull Conjurers , that mistaking the rites and ceremonious points of their art , call up such spirits , as they cannot at their pleasure allay again , by whom storms are raised that overthrow buildings , and are the cause of miserable wracks at Sea. Unskilfull Divines do oftentimes the like ; For when they call unseasonably for Zeal , there appears a spirit of Cruelty ; and by the like ●●roun instead of Truth , they raise Discord ; instead of Wisdom , Eraud ; instead of Reformation , Tumult ; and Controversie instead of Religion . Whereas in the Heathen Poets , at least in those whose works have lasted to the time we are in , there are none of those indiscretions to be found , that tended to subversion , or disturbance of the Common-wealths wherein they lived . But why a Christian should think it an ornament to his Poem ; either to profane the true God , or invoke a false one , I can imagin no cause , but a reasonless imitation of Custom , of a foolish custom ; by which a man enabled to speak wisely from the principles of nature , and his own meditation , loves rather to be thought to speak by inspiration , like a Bag-pipe . Time and Education begets Experience ; Experience begets Memorie ; Memorie begets Judgement , and Fancie ; Judgement begets the Strength and Structure ; and Fancie begets the Ornaments of a Poem . The Ancients therefore fabled not absurdly , in making Memorie the Mother of the Muses . For Memorie is the World ( though not really , yet so as in a Looking-glass ) in which the Judgement , the severer Sister busieth her self in a grave and rigid examination of all the parts of Nature , and in registering by Letters their order , causes , uses , differences , and resemblances ; Whereby the Fancie , when any work of Art is to be performed , finding her materials at hand and prepared for use , and needs no more than a swift motion over them , that what she wants , and is there to be had , may not lie too long unespied . So that when she seemeth to fly from one Indies to the other , and from Heaven to Earth , and to penetrate into the hardest matter , and obscurest places , into the future , and into her self , and all this in a point of time , the voyage is not very great , her self being all she seeks ; and her wonderfull celeritie , consisteth not so much in motion , as in copious Imagerie discreetly ordered , and perfectly registered in the Memorie ; which most men under the name of Philosophie have a glimpss of , and is pretended to by many that grosly mistaking her , embrace contention in her place . But so far forth as the Fancie of man , has traced the ways of true Philosophie , so far it hath produced very marvellous effects to the benefit of mankind . All that is beautifull or defensible in building , or marvellous in Engines and Instruments of motion ; whatsoever commoditie men receive from the observations of the Heavens , from the description of the Earth , from the account of Time , from walking on the Seas ; and whatsoever distinguisheth the Civilitie of Europe , from the Barbaritie of the American savages , is the workmanship of Fancy , but guided by the Precepts of true Philosophie . But where these precepts fail , as they have hitherto failed in the doctrine of moral Virtue , there the Architect ( Fancy ) must take the Philosophers part upon her self . He therefore that undertakes an Heroick Poem ( which is to exhibit a venerable and amiable Image of Heroick virtue ) must not onely be the Poet , to place and connect , but also the Philosopher , to furnish and square his matter ; that is , to make both Body and Soul , colour and shadow of his Poem out of his own Store : Which , how well you have performed I am now considering . Observing how few the persons be you introduce in the beginning , and how in the course of the actions of these ( the number increasing ) after several confluences , they run all at last into the two principal streams of your Poem , Gondibert and Oswald , me thinks the Fable is not much unlike the Theater . For so , from several and far distant Sources , do the lesser Brooks of Lombardy , flowing into one another , fall all at last into the two main Rivers , the Po and the Adite . It hath the same resemblance also with a mans veins , which proceeding from different parts , after the like concourse , insert themselves at last into the two principal veins of the body . But when I considered that also the actions of men , which singly are inconsiderable , after many conjunctures , grow at last either into one great protecting power , or into destroying factions , I could not but approve the structure of your Poem , which ought to be no other than such , as an imitation of humane life requireth . In the Streams themselves I find nothing but setled Valour , clean Honour , calm Counsel , learned Diversion , and pure Love ▪ save onely a torrent or two of Ambition , which ( though a fault ) has somewhat Heroick in it , and therefore must have place in an Heroick Poem . To shew the Reader in what place he shall find every excellent picture of Virtue you have drawn , is too long . And to shew him one , is to prejudice the rest ; yet I cannot forbear to point him to the Description of Love in the person of Birtha , in the seventh Canto of the second Book . There has nothing been said of that Subject neither by the Ancient nor Modern Poets comparable to it . Poets are painters : I would fain see another painter draw so true , perfect and natural a Love to the Life , and make use of nothing but pure Lines , without the help of any the least uncomely shadow , as you have done . But let it be read as a piece by it self , for in the almost equal height of the whole , the eminence of parts is Lost. There are some that are not pleased with fiction , unless it be bold ; not onely to exceed the work , but also the possibility of Nature : they would have impenetrable Armours , Inchanted Castles , Invulnerable Bodies , Iron Men , Flying Horses , and a thousand other such things , which are easily feigned by them that dare . Against such I defend you ( without assenting to those that condemn either Homer or Virgil ) by dissenting onely from those that think the Beauty of a Poem consisteth in the exorbitancy of the fiction . For as truth is the bound of Historical , so the Resemblance of truth is the utmost limit of Poetical Liberty . In old time amongst the Heathen such strange fictions , and Metamorphoses , were not so remo●e from the Articles of their Faith , as they are now from ours , and therefore were not so unpleasant . Beyond the actual works of Nature a Poet may now go ; but beyond the conceived possibility of Nature , never . I can allow a Geographer to make in the Sea , a Fish or a Ship , which by the scale of his Map would be two or three hundred mile long , and think it done for ornament , because it is done without the precincts of his undertaking ; but when he paints an Elephant so , I presently apprehend it as ignorance , and a plain confession of Terra incognita . As the description of Great Men and Great Actions , is the constant design of a Poet ; so the descriptions of worthy circumstances are necessary accessions to a Poem , and being well performed , are the Jewels and most precious ornaments of Poesie . Such in Virgil are the Funeral games of Anchises , The duel of Aeneas and Turnus , &c. and such in yours are The Hunting , The Battel , The Citie Mourning , The Funeral , The House of Astragon , The Library and the Temple , equal to his , or those of Homer whom he imitated . There remains now no more to be considered but the Expression , in which consisteth the countenance and colour of a beautifull Muse ; and is given her by the Poet out of his own provision , or is borrowed from others . That which he hath of his own , is nothing but experience and knowledge of Nature , and specially humane nature ; and is the true and natural Colour . But that which is taken out of Books ( the ordinary boxes of Counterfeit Complexion ) shews well or ill , as it hath more or less resemblance with the natural , and are not to be used ( without examination ) unadvisedly . For in him that professes the imitation of Nature ( as all Poets do ) what greater fault can there be , than to bewray an ignorance of Nature in his Poem ; especially having a liberty allowed him , if he meet with any thing he cannot master , to leave it out ? That which giveth a Poem the true and natural Colour consisteth in two things , which are ; To know well , that is , to have images of Nature in the memory distinct and clear ; and To know much . A sign of the first is perspicuity , property , and decency , which delight all sorts of men , either by instructing the ignorant , or soothing the learned in their knowledge . A sign of the latter is novelty of expression , and pleaseth by excitation of the mind ; for novelty causeth admiration , and admiration curiosity , which is a delightfull appetite of knowledge . There be so many words in use at this day in the English Tongue , that , though of magnifick sound , yet ( like the windy blisters of a troubled water ) have no sense at all ; and so many others that lose their meaning , by being ill coupled , that it is a hard matter to avoid them ; for having been obtruded upon youth in the Schools ( by such as make it , I think , their business there ( as 't is exprest by the best Poet ) With terms to charm the weak and pose the wise , they grow up with them , and gaining reputation with the ignorant , are not easily shaken off . To this palpable darkness , I may also adde the ambitious obscurity of expressing more than is perfectly conceived ; or perfect conception in fewer words than it requires . Which Expressions , though they have had the honour to be called strong lines , are indeed no better than Riddles , and not onely to the Reader , but also ( after a little time ) to the Writer himself dark and troublesom . To the property of Expression I referre , that clearness of memory , by which a Poet when he hath once introduced any person whatsoever , speaking in his Poem , maintaineth in him to the end the same character he gave him in the beginning . The variation whereof , is a change of pace , that argues the Poet tired . Of the Indecencies of an Heroick Poem , the most remarkable are those that shew disproportion either between the persons and their actions , or between the manners of the Poet and the Poem . Of the first kind , is the uncomliness of representing in great persons the inhumane vice of Cruelty , or the sordid vice of Lust and Drunkenness . To such parts as those the ancient approved Poets , thought it fit to suborn , nor the persons of men , but of monsters and beastly Giants , such as Polyphemus , Cacus , and the Centaurs . For it is supposed a Muse , when she is invoked to sing a song of that nature , should maidenly advise the Poet , to set such persons to sing their own vices upon the Stage ; for it is not so unseemly in a Tragedy . Of the same kind it is to represent scurrility , or any action or language that moveth much laughter . The delight of an Epique Poem consisteth not in mirth , but admiration . Mirth and Laughter is proper to Comedie and Satyre . Great persons that have their minds employed on great designs , have not leasure enough to laugh , and are pleased with the contemplation of their own power and virtues , so as they need not the infirmities and vices of other men , to recommend themselves to their own favour by comparison , as all men do when they laugh . Of the second kind , where the disproportion is between the Poet , and the persons of his Poem , one is in the Dialect of the Inferiour sort of people , which is always different from the language of the Court. Another is to derive the Illustration of any thing , from such Metaphors or Comparisons as cannot come into mens thoughts , but by mean conversation , and experience of humble or evil Arts , which the person of an Epique Poem , cannot be thought acquainted with . From Knowing much , proceedeth the admirable variety and novelty of Metaphors and Similitudes , which are not possible to be lighted on , in the compass of a narrow knowledge . And the want whereof compelleth a Writer to expressions that are either defac'd by time , or sullied with vulgar or long use . For the phrases of Poesie , as the airs of musick with often hearing become insipide , the Reader having no more sense of their force , than our Flesh is sensible of the bones that sustain it . As the sense we have of bodies , consisteth in change and variety of impression , so also does the sense of language in the variety and changeable use of words . I mean not in the affectation of words newly brought home from travel , but in new ( and withal significant ) translation to our purposes , of those that be already received ; and in far fetcht ( but withal apt , instructive and comly ) similitudes . Having thus ( I hope ) avoided the first Exception , against the incompetency of my Judgement , I am but little moved with the second , which is of being bribed by the honour you have done me , by attributing in your Preface somewhat to my Judgement . For I have used your Judgement no less in many things of mine , which coming to light will thereby appear the better . And so you have your bribe again . Having thus made way for the admission of my Testimony , I give it briefly thus ; I never yet saw Poem , that had so much shape of Art , health of Morality , and vigour and beauty of Expression , as this of yours . And but for the clamour of the multitude , that hide their Envy of the present , under a Reverence of Antiquity , I should say further , that it would last as long as either the Aeneid , or Iliad , but for one Disadvantage , and the Disadvantage is this : The languages of the Greeks and Romans ( by their Colonies and Conquests ) have put off flesh and bloud , and are become immutable , which none of the modern tongues are like to be . I honour Antiquity , but that which is commonly called Old time , is Young time . The glory of Antiquity is due , not to the Dead , but to the Aged . And now , whilest I think on 't , give me leave with a short discord to sweeten the Harmony of the approaching close . I have nothing to object against your Poem ; but dissent onely from something in your Preface , sounding to the prejudice of Age. 'T is commonly said , that old Age is a return to childhood . Which me thinks you insist on so long , as if you desired it should be believed . That is the note I mean to shake a little . That saying , meant onely of the weakness of body , was wrested to the weakness of mind , by froward children , weary of the controulment of their parents , masters , and other admonitours . Secondly , the dotage and childishness they ascribe to Age , is never the effect of Time , but sometimes of the excesses of youth , and not a returning to , but a continual stay with childhood . For they that wanting the curiosity of furnishing their memories with the rarities of Nature in their youth , and pass their time in making provision onely for their ease , and sensual delight , are children still , at what years soever ; as they that coming into a populous Citie , never going out of their Inn , are strangers still , how long soever they have been there . Thirdly , there is no reason for any man to think himself wiser to day than yesterday , which does not equally convince he shall be wiser tomorrow than today . Fourthly , you will be forced to change your opinion hereafter when you are old ; and in the mean time you discredit all I have said before in your commendation , because I am old already . But no more of this . I believe ( Sir ) you have seen a curious kind of perspective , where , he that looks through a short hollow pipe , upon a picture containing divers figures , sees none of those that are there painted , but some one person made up of their parts , conveyed to the eye by the artificial cutting of a glass . I find in my imagination an effect not unlike it from your Poem . The virtues you distribute there amongst so many noble persons , represent ( in the reading ) the image but of one mans virtue to my fancy , which is your own ; and that so deeply imprinted , as to stay for ever there , and govern all the rest of my thoughts and affections , in the way of honouring and serving you , to the utmost of my power , that am Paris , January 10. 1650. ( SIR ) Your most humble and obedient Servant , THO. HOBS . TO S r WILL. D'AVENANT , Upon his two first Books of GONDIBERT , Finish'd before his Voyage to AMERICA . THus the wise Nightingale that leaves her home , Her native Wood , when Storms and Winter come , Pursuing constantly the chearfull Spring To forreign Groves does her old Musick bring : The drooping Hebrews banish'd Harps unstrung At Babylon , upon the Willows hung ; Yours sounds aloud , and tells us you excell No less in Courage , than in Singing well ; Whilst unconcern'd you let your Countrey know , They have impov'rished themselves , not you ; Who with the Muses help can mock those Fates Which threaten Kingdoms , and disorder States . So Ovid , when from Caesar's rage he fled , The Roman Muse to Pontus with him led , Where he so sung , that We through Pitie's Glass , See Nero milder than Augustus was . Hereafter such in thy behalf shall be Th'indulgent censure of Posteritie . To banish those who with such art can sing , Is a rude crime which its own Curse does bring : Ages to come shall ne'r know how they fought , Nor how to Love their present Youth be taught . This to thyself . Now to thy matchless Book , Wherein those few that can with Judgement look , May find old Love in pure fresh Language told , Like new stampt Coyn made out of Angel gold . Such truth in Love as th'antique world did know , In such a style as Courts may boast of now . Which no bold tales of Gods or Monsters swell , But humane Passions , such as with us dwell . Man is thy theam , his Virtue or his Rage Drawn to the life in each elaborate Page . Mars nor Bellona are not named here ; But such a Gondibert as both might fear . Venus had here , and Hebe been out-shin'd By thy bright Birtha , and thy Rhodalind . Such is thy happy skill , and such the odds Betwixt thy Worthies and the Grecian Gods. Whose Deities in vain had here come down , Where Mortal Beautie wears the Sovereign Crown ; Such as of flesh compos'd , by flesh and bloud ( Though not resisted ) may be understood . ED. WALLER . TO Sr WIL. D'AVENANT , Upon his two first Books of GONDIBERT , Finish'd before his Voyage to AMERICA . ME thinks Heroick Poesie till now , Like some fantastick Fairy-land did show ; Gods , Devils , Nymphs , Witches , and Giants race , And all but Man , in Mans best Work had place . Thou like some worthy Knight , with sacred Arms Dost drive the Monsters thence , and end the Charms : In stead of those , dost Men and Manners plant , The things which that rich Soyl did chiefly want . But even thy Mortals do their Gods excell , Taught by thy Muse to Fight and Love so well . By fatal hands whilest present Empires fall , Thine from the grave past Monarchies recal . So much more thanks from humane kind does merit The Poets fury , than the Zelots Spirit . And from the grave thou mak'st this Empire rise , Not like some dreadfull Ghost t' affright our Eyes , But with more beauty and triumphant state , Than when it crown'd at proud Verona sate . So will our God re-build Mans perish'd frame , And raise him up much better , yet the same : So God-like P●e●s do past things rehearse , Not change , but heighten Nature with their Verse . With shame me thinks great Italie must see Her Conqu'rors call'd to life again by thee ; Call'd by such powerfull Arts , that ancient Rome May blush ●o less to see her Wit orecome . Some men their Fancies like their Faiths derive ; And count all ill but that which Rome does give ; The marks of Old and Catholick would find ; To the same Chair would Truth and Fiction bind . Thou in these beaten paths disdain'st to tread , And scorn'st to live by robbing of the Dead . Since Time does all things change , thou think'st not fit This latter Age should see all new , but Wit. Thy Fancie , like a Flame , her way does make , And leaves bright tracks for following Pens to take . Sure 't was this noble boldness of the Muse Did thy desire , to seek new Worlds , infuse ; And ne'r did Heaven so much a Voyage bless , If thou canst Plant but there with like success . AB . COWLEY . GONDIBERT . The First Book . CANTO the First . The ARGUMENT . Old ARIBERT'S great race , and greater mind Is sung , with the renown of RHODALIND . Prince OSWALD is compar'd to GONDIBERT , And justly each distinguish'd by desert : Whose Armies are in Fame's fair Field drawn forth , To shew by discipline their Leaders worth . 1. OF all the Lombards , by their Trophies known , Who sought Fame soon , and had her favour long , King Aribert best seem'd to fill the Throne ; And bred most bus'ness for Heroick Song . 2. From early Childhoods promising estate , Up to performing Manhood , till he grew To failing Age , he Agent was to Fate , And did to Nations Peace or War renew . 3. War was his studi'd Art ; War , which the bad Condemn , because even then it does them aw When with their number lin'd , and purple clad , And to the good more needfull is than Law. 4. To conquer Tumult , Nature's suddain force , War , Arts delib'rate strength , was first devis'd ; Cruel to those whose rage has no remorse , Lest civil pow'r should be by Throngs surpris'd . 5. The feeble Law rescues but doubtfully From the Oppressours single Arm our right ; Till to its pow'r the wise wars help apply ; Which soberly does Mans loose rage unite . 6. Yet since on all War never needfull was , Wise Aribert did keep the People sure By Laws from lesser dangers ; for the Laws Them from themselves , and not from pow'r secure . 7. Else Conquerours , by making Laws , orecome Their own gain'd pow'r , and leave mens furie free ; Who growing deaf to pow'r , the Laws grow dumb ; Since none can plead where all may Judges be . 8. Prais'd was this King for war , the Laws broad shield ; And for acknowledg'd Laws , the art of Peace ; Happy in all which Heav'n to Kings does yield , But a successour when his cares shall cease . 9. For no Male Pledge , to give a lustie name , Sprung from his bed , yet Heav'n to him allow'd One of the gentler sex , whose Storie Fame Has made my Song , to make the Lombards proud . 10. Recorded Rhodalind ! whose high renown Who miss in Books , not luckily have read ; Or vex'd by living beauties of their own Have shunn'd the wise Records of Lovers dead . 11. Her Fathers prosp'rous Palace was the Sphear Where she to all with Heav'nly order mov'd ; Made rigid virtue so benign appear , That 't was without Religion's help belov'd . 12. Her looks like Empire shew'd , great above pride ; Since pride ill counterfeits excessive height ; But Nature publish'd what she fain would hide ; Who for her deeds , not beautie , lov'd the light . 13. To make her lowly minds appearance less , She us'd some outward greatness for disguise ; Esteem'd as pride the Cloist'ral lowliness , And thought them proud who even the proud despise . 14. Her Father ( in the winter of his age ) Was like that stormie season froward grown ; Whom so her springs fresh presence did asswage , That he her sweetness tasted as his own . 15. The pow'r that with his stooping age declin'd , In her transplanted , by remove increas'd ; Which doubly back in homage she resign'd ; Till pow'rs decay , the Thrones worst sickness , ceas'd . 16. Oppressours big with pride , when she appear'd Blush'd , and believ'd their greatness counterfeit ; The lowly thought they them in vain had fear'd ; Found virtue harmless , and nought else so great . 17. Her mind ( scarce to her feeble sex of kin ) Did as her birth , her right to Empire show ; Seem'd careless outward when imploy'd within ; Her speech , like lovers watch'd , was kind and low . 18. She shew'd that her soft sex contains strong minds , Such as evap'rates through the courser Male , As through course stone Elixar passage finds , Which scarce through finer Christal can exhale . 19. Her beautie ( not her own but Natures pride ) Should I describe ; from every Lovers eye All Beauties this original must hide , Or like scorn'd Copies be themselves laid by ; 20. Be by their Poets Shunn'd , whom beautie feeds , Who beautie like hyr'd witnesses protect , Officiously averring more than needs , And make us so the needfull truth suspect . 21. And since fond Lovers ( who disciples be To Poets ) think in their own loves they find More beautie than yet Time did ever see , Time's Curtain I will draw ore Rhodalind ; 22. Lest shewing her , each see how much he errs , Doubt since their own have less , that they have none ; Believe their Poets perjur'd Flatterers , And then all Modern Maids would be undone . 23. In pitie thus , her beauty 's just renown I wave for publick Peace , and will declare To whom the King design'd her with his Crown ; Which is his last and most unquiet care . 24. If in alliance he does greatness prise , His Mind grown wearie , need not travel far ; If greatness he compos'd of Victories , He has at home many that Victors are . 25. Many whom blest success did often grace In Fields where they have seeds of Empire sown ; And hope to make , since born of princely race , Even her ( the harvest of those toyls ) their own . 26. And of those Victors Two are chiefly fam'd , To whom the rest their proudest hopes resign ; Though young , were in there Fathers battels nam'd , And both are of the Lombards Royal Line . 27. Oswald the great , and greater Gondibert ! Both from successfull conqu'ring Fathers sprung ▪ Whom both examples made of War's high art , And far out-wrought their patterns being young . 28. Yet for full fame ( as Trine Fam's Judge reports ) Much to Duke Gondibert Prince Oswald yields , Was less in mightie mysteries of Courts , In peacefull Cities , and in fighting Fields . 29. In Court Prince Oswald costly was and gay , Finer than near vain Kings their Fav'rites are ; Out-shin'd bright Fav'rites on their Nuptial day , Yet were his Eyes dark with ambitious care . 30. Duke Gondibert was still more gravely clad , But yet his looks familiar were and clear ; As if with ill to others never sad , Nor tow'rds himself could others practise fear . 31. The Prince , could Porpoise-like in Tempests play , And in Court-storms on ship-wrack'd Greatness seed ; Not frighted with their fate when cast away , But to their glorious hazzards durst succeed . 32. The Duke would lasting calms to Courts assure , As pleasant Gardens we defend from winds ; For he who bus'ness would from Storms procure , Soon his affairs above his mannage finds . 33. Oswald in Throngs the abject People sought With humble looks ; who still too late will know They are Ambitious Quarrie , and soon caught When the aspiring Eagle stoops so low . 34. The Duke did these by stedie Virtue gain ; Which they in action more than precept tast ; Deeds shew the Good , and those who goodness feign By such even through their vizards are out-fac't . 35. Oswald in war was worthily renown'd ; Though gay in Courts , coursly in Camps could live ; Judg'd danger soon , and first was in it found ; Could toil to gain what he with ease did give . 36. Yet toils and dangers through ambition lov'd ; Which does in war the name of Virtue own ; But quits that name when from the war remov'd , As Rivers theirs when from their Channels gon . 37. The Duke ( as restless as his fame in war ) With martial toil could Oswald wearie make ; And calmly do what he with rage did dare , And give so much as he might deign to take . 38. Him as their Founder Cities did adore ; The Court he knew to steer in storms of State ; In Field a Battel lost he could restore , And after force the Victors to their Fate . 39. In Camps now chiefly liv'd , where he did aim At graver glory than Ambition breeds ; Designs that yet this story must not name , Which with our Lombard Authours pace proceeds . 40. The King adopts this Duke in secret thought To wed the Nations wealth , his onely child , Whom Oswald as reward of merit sought , With Hope , Ambition's common bait , beguild . 41. This as his souls chief secret was unknown , Lest Oswald that his proudest Army led Should force possession ere his hopes were gone , Who could not rest but in ▪ the royal bed . 42. The Duke discern'd not that the King design'd To chuse him Heir of all his victories ; Nor guess'd that for his love fair Rhodalind Made sleep of late a stranger to her Eyes . 43. Yet sadly it is sung that she in shades , Mildly as mourning Doves love's sorrows felt ; Whilst in her secret tears her freshness fades As Roses silently in Lymbecks melt . 44. But who could know her love , whose jealous shame Deny'd her Eyes the knowledge of her glass ; Who blushing thought Nature her self too blame By whom Men guess of Maids more than the face . 45. Yet judge not that this Duke ( though from his sight With Maids first fears she did her passion hide ) Did need love's flame for his directing light , But rather wants Ambition for his Guide . 46. Love's fire he carry'd , but no more in view Than vital heat which kept his heart still warm ; This Maids in Oswald , as love's Beacon knew ; The publick flame to bid them flie from harm . 47. Yet since this Duke could love , we may admire Why love ne'r rais'd his thoughts to Rhodalind ; But those forget that earthly flames aspire , Whilst Heavenly beams ; which purer are , descend . 48. As yet to none could he peculiar prove , But like an universal Influence ( For such and so sufficient was his love ) To all the Sex he did his heart dispence . 49. But Oswald never knew love's ancient Laws , The aw that Beauty does in lovers breed , Those short-breath'd fears and paleness it does cause When in a doubtfull Brow their doom they read . 50. Not Rhodalind ( whom then all Men as one Did celebrate , as with confed'rate Eyes ) Could he affect but shining in her Throne ; Blindly a Throne did more than beauty prise . 51. He by his Sister did his hopes prefer ; A beauteous pleader who victorious was O're Rhodalind , and could subdue her Ear In all requests but this unpleasant cause . 52. Gartha , whose bolder beauty was in strength And fulness plac'd , but such as all must like ; Her spreading stature talness was , no● length , And whilst sharp beauties pierce , hers seem'd to strike . 53. Such goodly presence ancient Poets grace , Whose songs the worlds first manliness ▪ declare ; To Princes Beds teach carefulness of Bace ; Which now store Courts , that us'd to store the war. 54. Such was the palace of her Mind , a Prince Who proudly there , and still unquier lives ; And sleep ( domestick ev'ry where ) from thence , To make Ambition room , unwisely drives . 55. Of manly force was this her watchfull mind , And fit in Empire to direct and sway ; If she the temper had of Rhodalind , Who knew that Gold is currant with allay . 56. As Kings ( oft slaves to others hopes and skill ) Are urg'd to war to load their slaves with spoyls ; So Oswald was push'd up Ambition's hill , And so some urg'd the Duke to martial toyls . 57. And these who for their own great cause so high Would lift their Lords Two prosp'rous Armies , are Return'd from far to fruitfull Lombardy , And paid with rest , the best reward of War. 58. The old near Brescia lay , scarce warm'd with Tents ; For though from danger safe , yet Armies then Their posture kept 'gainst warring Elements , And hardness learn'd against more warring Men. 59. Near Bergamo encamp'd the younger were , Whom to the Franks distress the Duke had led ; The other Oswald's lucky Ensigns bear , Which lately stood when proud Ovenna fled . 60. These that attend Duke Gondibert's renown Where Youth , whom from his Fathers Camp he chose , And them betimes transplanted to his own ; Where each the Planters care and judgement shows . 61. All hardy Youth , from valiant Fathers sprung ; Whom perfect honour he so highly taught , That th' Aged fetch'd examples from the young , And hid the vain experience which they brought . 62. They danger met diverted less with fears Than now the dead would be if here again , After they know the price brave dying bears ; And by their sinless rest find life was vain . 63. Temp'rate in what does needy life preserve , As those whose Bodies wait upon their Minds ; Chaste as those Minds which not their Bodies serve , Ready as Pilots wak'd with sudden Winds . 64. Speechless in diligence , as if they were Nightly to close surprize and Ambush bred ; Their wounds yet smarting mercifull they are , And soon from victory to pitie led . 65. When a great Captive they in fight had ta'ne , ( Whom in a Filial duty some fair Maid Visits , and would by tears his Freedom gain ) How soon his Victors were his Captives made ? 66. For though the Duke taught rigid Discipline , He let them beauty thus at distance know ; As Priests discover some especial Shrine , Which none must touch , yet all may to it bow . 67. When thus as Suitors mourning Virgins pass Through their clean camp , themselves in form they draw That they with Martial reverence may grace Beauty , the Stranger , which they seldom saw . 68. They vayl'd their Ensigns as it by did move , Whilst inward ( as from Native Conscience ) all Worship'd the Poets Darling Godhead , Love , Which grave Philosophers did Nature call . 69. Nor there could Maids of Captive Syres despair , But made all Captives by their beauty free ; Beauty and Valour native Jewels are , And as each others onely price agree . 70. Such was the Duke's young Camp near Bergamo , But these near Brescia whom fierce Oswald led , Their Science to his famous Father owe , And have his Son ( though now their Leader ) bred . 71. This rev'rend Army was for age renown'd ; Which long through frequent dangers follow'd Time ; Their many Trophies gain'd with many a wound , And Fames last Hill , did with first vigour climb . 72. But here the learned Lombard whom I trace My forward Pen by flower Method stays ; Lest I should them ( less heeding time and place Than common Poets ) out of season praise . 73. Think onely then ( couldst thou both Camps discern ) That these would seem grave Authours of the war , Met civily to teach who e're will learn , And those their young and civil Students are . 74. But painful virtue of the war ne'r pays Itself with consciousness of being good , Though Cloyster-virtue may believe even praise A sallary which there should be withstood . 75. For many here ( whose virtues active heat Concurs not with cold virtue which does dwell In lazy Cells ) are virtuous to be great , And as in pains so would in pow'r excell . 76. And Oswald's Faction urg'd him to aspire That by his height they higher might ascend ; The Dukes to glorious Thrones access desire , But at more awfull distance did attend . 77. The royal Rhodalind is now the Prize By which these Camps would make their merit known ; And think their Gen'rals but their Deputies Who must for them by Proxy wed the Crown . 78. From forreign Fields ( with toyling conquest tyr'd , And groaning under spoyls ) came home to rest ; But now they are with emulation fir'd , And for that pow'r they should obey , contest . 79. Ah how perverse and froward is Mankind ! Faction in Courts does us to rage excite ; The Rich in Cities we litigious find , And in the Field th' Ambitious make us fight . 80. And fatally ( as if even souls were made Of warring Elements as Bodies are ) Our Reason our Religion does invade , Till from the Schools to Camps it carry war. CANTO the Second . The ARGUMENT . The hunting which did yearly celebrate The LOMBARDS glory , and the VANDALES Fate , The Hunters prais'd ; how true to love they are , How calm in Peace , and Tempest-like in war. The Stag is by the num'rous Chace subdu'd , And strait his Hunters are as hard pursu'd . 1. SMALL are the seeds Fate does unheeded sow Of slight beginnings to important ends ; Whilst wonder ( which does best our rev'rence show To Heav'n ) all Reason's sight in gazing spends . 2. For from a Days brief pleasure did proceed ( A day grown black in Lombard Histories ) Such lasting griefs as thou shalt weep to read , Though even thine own sad love had drain'd thine eyes . 3. In a fair Forrest near Verona's Plain , Fresh as if Natures Youth chose there a shade , The Duke with many Lovers in his Train , ( Loyal , and young ) a solemn hunting made . 4. Much was his Train enlarg'd by their resort Who much his Grandsire lov'd , and hither came To celebrate this Day with annual sport , On which by battel here he earn'd his Fame . 5. And many of these noble Hunters bore Command amongst the Youth at Bergamo ; Whose Fathers gather'd here the wreath they wore , When in this Forrest they interr'd the Foe . 6. Count Hurgonil , a Youth of high descent , Was listed here , and in the Story great ; He follow'd Honour when tow'rd's Death it went ; Fierce in a charge but temp'rate in retreat . 7. His wondrous beauty which the world approv'd He blushing hid , and now no more would own ( Since he the Dukes unequal'd Sister lov'd ) Than an old wreath when newly overthrown . 8. And she , Orna the shy ! Did seem in life So bashfull too to have her beauty shown , As I may doubt her shade with Fame at strife , That in these vicious times would make it known . 9. Not less in publick voice was Arnold here ; He that on Tuscan Tombs his Trophies rais'd ; And now loves pow'r so willingly did bear , That even his arbitrary reign he prais'd . 10. Laura , the Duke 's fair Niece inthrall'd his heart ; Who was in Court the publick morning Glass Where those who would reduce Nature to art , Practis'd by dress the conquests of the Face . 11. And here was Hugo whom Duke Gondibert For stout and stedfast kindness did approve ; Of stature small , but was all over heart , And though unhappy all that heart was love . 12. In gentle sonnets he for Laura pin'd ; Soft as the murmures of a weeping spring ; Which ruthless she did as those murmures mind : So ere their death sick Swans unheeded sing . 13. Yet whilst she Arnold favour'd , he so griev'd As loyal Subjects quietly bemoan Their Yoke , but raise no war to be reliev'd , Nor through the envy'd Fav'rite wound the Throne . 14. Young Goltho next these Rivals we may name , Whose manhood dawn'd early as Summer light ; As sure and soon did his fair day proclaim , And was no less the joy of publick sight . 15. If Loves just pow'r he did not early see , Some small excuse we may his errour give ; Since few ( though learn'd ) know yet blest Love to be That secret vital heat by which we live : 16. But such it is ; and though we may be thought To have in Childhood life , ere Love we know , Yet life is useless till by reason taught , And Love and Reason up together grow . 17. Nor more , the Old shew they out-live their Love , If when their Love 's decay'd , some signs they give Of life , because we see them pain'd and move , Then Snakes , long cut , by torment shew they live . 18. If we call living , Life , when Love is gone , We then to Souls ( Gods coyn ) vain rev'rence pay ; Since Reason ( which is Love , and his best known And currant Image ) Age has worn away . 19. And I that Love and Reason thus unite , May , if I old Philosophers controul , Confirm the new by some new Poets light ; Who finding Love , thinks he has found the Soul. 20. From Goltho , to whom Love yet tasteless seem'd , We to ripe Tybalt are by order led ; Tybalt , who Love and Valour both esteem'd , And he alike from eithers wounds had bled . 21. Publick his valour was , but not his love , One fill'd the world , the other he contain'd ; Yet quietly alike in both did move , Of that ne'r boasted , nor of this complain'd . 22. With these ( whose special names Verse shall preserve ) Many to this recorded hunting came ; Whose worth authentick mention did deserve , But from Time's deluge few are sav'd by Fame . 23. Now like a Giant Lover rose the Sun From th' Ocean Queen , fine in his fires and great ; Seem'd all the Morn for shew , for strength at Noon ; As if last Night she had not quench'd his heat ! 24. And the Sun's Servants who his rising wait , His Pensioners ( for so all Lovers are , And all maintain'd by him at a high rate With daily Fire ) now for the Chace prepare . 25. All were like Hunters clad in chearfull green , Young Natures Livery , and each at strife Who most adorn'd in favours should be seen , Wrought kindly by the Lady of his life . 26. These Martial Favours on their Wasts they wear , On which ( for now they Conquest celebrate ) In an imbroider'd History appear Like life , the vanquish'd in their fears and fate . 27. And on these Belts ( wrought with their Ladies care ) Hung Semy●ers of Akons trusty steel ; Goodly to see , and he who durst compare Those Ladies Eyes , might soon their temper feel . 28. Cheerd as the woods ( where new wak'd Q●ires they meet ) Are all ; and now dispose their choice Relays Of Horse and Hounds , each like each other fleet ; Which best when with themseves compar'd we praise ; 29. To them old Forrests Spies , the Harbourers With haste approach , wet as still weeping Night , Or Deer that mourn their growth of head with tears , When the defenceless weight does hinder flight . 30. And Dogs , such whose cold secrecy was ment By Nature for surprize , on these attend ; Wise temp'rate Lime Hounds that proclaim no scent ; Nor harb'ring will their Mouths in boasting spend . 31. Yet vainlier far than Traitours boast their prize ( On which their vehemence vast rates does lay , Since in that worth their treasons credit lies ) These Harb'rers praise that which they now betray . 32. Boast they have lodg'd a Stag , that all the Race Out-runs of Cr●ton Horse , or Regian Hounds ; A Stag made long , since Royal in the Chace , If Kings can honour give by giving wounds . 33. For Aribert had pierc'd him at a Bay , Yet scap'd he by the vigour of his Head ; And many a Summer since has won the day , And often left his Regian Foll'wrs dead . 34. His spacious Beam ( that even the Rights out-grew ) From Antlar to his Troch had all allow'd By which his age the aged Woodmen knew ; Who more than he were of that beauty proud . 35. Now each Relay a sev'ral Station finds , Ere the triumphant Train the Cops surrounds ; Relays of Horse , long breath'd as winter winds , And their deep Cannon Mouth'd experienc'd Hounds . 36. The Hunts-men ( Busily concern'd in show As if the world were by this Beast undone , And they against him hir'd as Natures Foe ) In haste uncouple , and their Hounds out-run . 37. Now wind they a Recheat , the rows'd Deers knell ; And through the Forrest all the Beasts are aw'd , Alarmd by Eccho , Natures Sentinel , Which shews that murdrous Man is come abroad . 38. Tyrannick Man ! Thy subjects Enemy ! And more through wantonness than need or hate ; From whom the winged to their Coverts flie ; And to their Dens even those that lay in wait . 39. So this ( the most successfull of his kind , Whose Foreheads force oft his Opposers prest , Whose swiftness left Pursuers shafts behind ) Is now of all the Forrest most distrest ! 40. The Herd deny him shelter , as if taught To know their safety is to yield him lost ; Which shews they want not the results of thought , But speech , by which we ours for reason boast . 41. We blush to see our politicks in Beasts , Who Many sav'd by this one Sacrifice ; And since through blood they follow interests , Like us when cruel should be counted wise . 42. His Rivals that his fury us'd to fear For his lov'd Female , now his faintness shun ; But were his season hot , and she but near , ( O mighty Love ! ) his Hunters were undone . 43. From thence , well blown , he comes to the Relay ; Where Man 's fam'd reason proves but Cowardise , And onely serves him meanly to betray ; Even for the flying , Man , in ambush lies . 44. But now , as his last remedy to live , ( For ev'ry shift for life kind Nature makes ; Since life the utmost is which she can give ) Cool Adice from the swoln Bank he takes . 45. But this fresh Bath the Dogs will make him leave ; Whom he sure nos'd as fasting Tygers found ; Their scent no North-east wind could e're deceave Which dries the air , nor Flocks that foyl the Ground . 46. Swift here the Flyers and Pursuers seem ; The frighted Fish swim from their Adice , The Dogs pursue the Deer , he the fleet stream , And that hastes swiftly to the Adrian Sea. 47. Refresh'd thus in this fleeting Element , He up the stedfast Shore did boldly rise ; And soon escap'd their view , but not their scent ; That faithfull Guide which even conducts their Eyes . 48. This frail relief was like short gales of breath , Which oft at Sea a long dead calm prepare ; Or like our Curtains drawn at point of death , When all our Lungs are spent , to give us ayr . 49. For on the Shore the Hunters him attend ; And whilst the Chace grew warm as is the day ( Which now from the hot Zenith does descend ) He is imbos'd , and weary'd to a Bay. 50. The Jewel , Life , he must surrender here ; Which the world's Mistris , Nature , does not give , But like dropp'd Favours suffers us to wear , Such as by which pleas'd Lovers think they live . 51. Yet life he so esteems , that he allows It all defence his force and rage can make ; And to the Regian Race such furie shows As their last bloud some unreveng'd forsake . 52. But now the Monarch Murderer comes in , Destructive Man ! whom Nature would not arm , As when in madness mischief is fore-seen , We leave it weaponless for fear of harm . 53. For she defenceless made him , that he might Less readily offend ; but Art arms all , From single strife makes us in Numbers fight ; And by such art this Royal Stag did fall . 54. Now weeps till grief does even his Murd'rers pierce ; Grief , which so nobly through his anger strove , That it deserv'd the dignitie of Verse , And had it words as humanly would move . 55. Thrice from the ground his vanquish'd Head he rear'd , And with last looks his Forrest walks did view ; Where sixtie Summers he had rul'd the Heard , And where sharp Dittanie now vainly grew : 56. Whose hoarie Leaves no more his wounds shall heal ; For with a Sigh ( a blast of all his breath ) That viewless thing call'd Life , did from him steal ; And with their Bugle Horns they wind his death . 57. Then with their annual wanton sacrifice ( Taught by old custom , whose decrees are vain , And we like hum'rous Antiquaries prise Age though deform'd ) they hasten to the Plain . 58. Thence homeward bend as Westward as the Sun ; Where Gondibert's allies proud Feasts prepare , That day to honour which his Grand-fire won ; Though Feasts the Eves to Fun'rals often are . 59. One from the Forrest now approach'd their sight , Who them did swiftly on the Spur pursue ; One there still resident as Day and Night , And known as th' eldest Oak which in it grew . 60. Who with his utmost breath , advancing cries , ( And such a vehemence no Art could feign ) Away , happie the Man that fastest flies ; Flie famous Duke , flie with thy noble Train ! 61. The Duke reply'd , though with thy fears disguis'd , Thou do'st my Sires old Rangers Image bear , And for thy kindness shalt not be despis'd ; Though Counsels are but weak which come from fear . 62. Were Dangers here , great as thy love can shape ; ( And love with fear can danger multiply ) Yet when by flight , thou bidst us meanly scape , Bid Trees take wings , and rooted Forrests flie . 63. Then said the Ranger , you are bravely lost , ( And like high anger his complexion rose ) As little know I fear , as how to boast ; But shall attend you through your many Foes . 64. See where in ambush mighty Oswald lay ; And see from yonder Lawn he moves apace , With Launces arm'd to intercept thy way , Now thy sure Steeds are weary'd with the Chace . 65. His purple Banners you may there behold , Which ( proudly spred ) the fatal Raven bear ; And full five hundred I by Rank have told , Who in their guilded Helms his Colours wear . 66. The Duke this falling storm does now discern ; Bids little Hugo flie ▪ but 't is to view The Foe , and timely their first count'nance learn , Whilst firm he in a square his Hunters drew . 67. And Hugo soon ( light as his Coursers Heels ) Was in their Faces troublesom as wind ; And like to it ( so wingedly he wheels ) No one could catch , what all with trouble find . 68. But ev'ry where the Leaders and the Led He temp'rately observ'd , with a slow sight ; Judg'd by their looks how hopes and fears were fed , And by their order , their success in fight . 69. Their Number ( ' mounting to the Rangers guess ) In three Divisions evenly was dispos'd ; And that their Enemies might judge it less , It seem'd one Gross with all the Spaces clos'd . 70. The Van fierce Oswald led , where Paradine And Manly Dargonet ( both of his blood ) Out-shin'd the Noon , and their Minds stock within Promis'd to make that outward glory good . 71. The next bold , but unlucky , Hubert led ; Brother to Oswald , and no less ally'd To the ambitions which his Soul did wed ; Lowly without , but lin'd with costly Pride . 72. Most to himself his valour fatal was , Whose glories oft to others dreadfull were ; So Commets ( though suppos'd Destructions cause ) But waste themselves to make their Gazers ●e●r . 73. And though his valour seldom did succeed , His speech was such as could in Storms perswade ; Sweet as the Hopes on which starv'd Lovers feed , Breath'd in the whispers of a yielding Maid . 74. The bloudy Borgio did conduct the Rere , Whom sullen Vasco heedfully attends ; To all but to themselves they cruel were , And to themselves chiefly by mischief Friends . 75. War , the worlds Art , Nature to them became ; In Camps begot , born , and in anger bred ; The living vex'd till Death , and then their Fame ; Because even Fame some life is to the Dead . 76. Cities ( wise States-men's Folds for civil Sheep ) They sack'd , as painfull Sheerers of the wise ; For they like carefull Wolves would lose their sleep , When others prosp'rous toyls might be their prise . 77. Hugo amongst the●● Troops spy'd many more Who had , as brave Destroyers , got renown ; And many forward wounds in boast they wore ; Which if not well reveng'd , had ne'r been shown . 78. Such the bold Leaders of these Launceers were , Which of the Brescian Vet'rans did consist ; Whose practis'd age might charge of Armies bear , And claim some ranck in Fame's eternal List. 79. Back to his Duke the dextr'rous Hugo flies ; What he observ'd he chearfully declares ; With noble Pride did what he lik'd despise ; For wounds he threatned , whilst he prais'd their skars . 80. Lord Arnold cry'd , vain is the Bugle Horn , Where Trumpets Men to Manly work invite ! That distant summons seems to say in scorn , We Hunters may be hunted hard ere night . 81. Those Beasts are hunted hard that hard can flie , Reply'd aloud the noble Hurgonil ; But we not us'd to flight , know best to die , And those who know to die , know how to kill . 82. Victors through number never gain'd applause ; If they exceed our count in Arms and Men , It is not just to think that ods , because One Lover equals any other Ten. CANTO the Third . The ARGUMENT . The Ambush is become an inter-view ; And the Surpriser proves to honour true ; For what had first , ere words his furie spent , Been murder , now is but brave killing meant . A Duel form'd where Princes Seconds are , And urg'd by Honour each to kill his share . 1. THe Duke observ'd ( whilst safe in his firm Square ) Whether their form did change whom Oswald led ; That thence he shifts of figure might prepare , Divide , or make more depth , or loosly spred . 2. Though in their posture close , the Prince might guess The Duke 's to his not much in number yield ; And they were leading Youth , who would possess This Ground in Graves , rather than quit the Field . 3. Thus ( timely certain of a standing Foe ) His form'd Divisions yet reveal'd no space Through haste to charge ; but as they nearer grow , The more divide , and move with slower pace . 4. On these the Duke attends with watchfull eye ; Shap'd all his Forces to their Triple strength ; And that their Launces might pass harmless by , Widens his Ranks , and gives his Files more length . 5. At distance Oswald does him sharply view , Whom but in Fame he met till this sad hour ; But his fair fame , Virtues known Image , knew ; For Virtue spreads the Owner more than Pow'r . 6. In Fields far sever'd both had reap'd renown ; And now his envie does to surfet feed On what he wish'd his Eyes had never known ; For he begins to check his purpos'd deed . 7. And though Ambition did his rage renew ; Yet much he griev'd ( mov'd with the Youthfull Train ) That Plants which so much promis'd as they grew , Should in the Bud be ere performance , slain . 8. With these remorsefull thoughts , he a fair space Advanc'd alone , then did his Troops command To halt ; the Duke th' example did embrace , And gives like order by his lifted hand . 9. Then when in easie reach of eithers voice Thus Oswald spake , I wish ( brave Gondibert ) Those wrongs which make thee now my angers choice , Like my last fate were hidden from my heart . 10. But since great Glory does allow small rest , And bids us jealously to honour wake , Why at alarms given hot even at my brest , Should I not arm , but thinks my Scouts mistake ? 11. 'T is loud in Camps , in Cities , and in Court , ( Where the important part of Mankind meets ) That my adoption is thy Faction's sport ; Scorn'd by hoarse Rhymers in Verona Streets . 12. Who is renown'd enough but you or I ( And think not when you visit Fame , she less Will welcome you for mine known Company ) To hope for Empire at our Kings decease ? 13. The Crown he with his Daughter has design'd ; His favour ( which to me does frozen prove ) Grows warm to you , as th' Eyes of Rhodalind , And she gives sacred Empire with her love . 14. Whilst you usurp thus , and my claim deride , If you admire the veng'ance I intend , I more shall wonder where you got the pride To think me one you safely may offend . 15. Nor judge is strange I have this Ambush laid ; Since you ( my Rival ) wrong'd me by surprise ; Whose darker vigilance my love betraid ; And so your ill example made me wise . 16. But in the School of glory we are taught , That greatness and success should measure deeds ; Then not my great revenge , nor your great fault , Can be accus'd when eithers act succeeds . 17. Opinions stamp does virtue currant make ; But such small Money ( though the Peoples Gold With which they trade ) great Dealers scorn to take , And we are greater than one world can hold . 18. Now Oswald paws'd , as if he curious were Ere this his Foe ( the Peoples Fav'rite ) dy'd , To know him as with Eyes , so with his Ear ; And to his speech thus Gondibert reply'd : 19. Successfull Prince ! since I was never taught To court a Threating Foe , I will not pay For all the Trophies you from war have brought A single wreath , though all these woods were B●y ! 20. Nor would I by a total silence yield My honour ta'ne , though I were pris'ner made ; Lest you should think we may be justly kill'd , And sacred justice by mistake invade . 21. You might perceive ( had not a distant war Hindred our Breasts the use of being known ) My small ambition hardly worth your care ; Unless by it you would correct your own . 22. The King 's objected love is but your dream , As false as that I strive for Rhodalind As Valour 's hire ; these sickly visions seem Which in Ambitions Feaver vex your mind . 23. Nor wonder if I vouch , that 't is not brave To seek war's hire , though war we still pursue ; Nor censure this a proud excuse to save These who no safety know , but to subdue . 24. Your misbelief my hireless valour scorns ; But your hir'd valour were your faith reclaim'd , ( For faith reclaim'd to highest virtue turns ) Will be of bravest salary asham'd . 25. Onely with fame Valour of old was hir'd ; And love was so suffic'd with its own taste , That those intemp'rate seem'd , who more desir'd For loves reward , than that it self should last . 26. If love , or lust of Empire , breed your pain , Take what my prudent hope hath still declin'd , And my weak virtue never could sustain , The Crown , which is the worst of Rhodalind . 27. 'T is she who taught you to increase renown , By sowing Honours Field with noble deeds ; Which yields no harvest when 't is over-grown With wild Ambition , the most rank of weeds . 28. Go , reconcile the winds faln ▪ out at Sea With these ●ame precepts , ( Oswald did reply ) But since thou dost bequeath thy hopes to me , Know Legacies are vain till Givers die . 29. And here his rage ascended to his Eyes From his close breast , which hid till then the flame ; And like stirr'd fire in sparkles upward flies ; Rage which the Duke thus practis'd to reclaim . 30. Though you design'd your ruin by surprise , Though much in usefull Arms you us exceed , And in your number some advantage lies , Yet you may find you such advantage need . 31. If I am vallu'd as th' impediment Which hinders your adoption to the Crown ; Let your revenge onely on me be spent , And hazard not my Party , nor your own . 32. Ambition else would up to Godhead grow , When so profanely we our anger prise , That to appease it we the bloud allow Of whole offenceless Herds for sacrifice . 33. Oswald ( who Honour 's publick pattern was , Till vain ambition led his heart aside ) More temp'rate grew in manage of his cause , And thus to noble Gondibert reply'd : 34. I wish it were not needfull to be great ; That Heavens unenvy'd pow'r might Men so aw , As we should need no Armies for defeat , Nor for protection be at charge of Law. 35. But more than Heav'ns , Men , Mans authoritie ( Though envy'd ) use , because more understood ; For but for that Life's Utensils would be , In Markets , as in Camps the price of blood . 36. Since the Worlds safety we in greatness find , And pow'r divided is from greatness gone , Save we the World , though to our selves unkind , By both endang'ring to establish one . 37. Nor these , who kindle with my wrongs their rage , Nor those bold Youth , who warmly you attend , Our distant Camps by action shall ingage ; But we our own great cause will singly end . 38. Back to your noble Hunters strait retire , And I to those who would those Hunters chace ; Let us perswade their fury to expire , And give obediently our anger place . 39. Like unconcern'd Spectatours let them stand , And be by sacred vow to distance bound ; Whilst their lov'd Leaders by our strict command , As patient witnesses , approach this ground . 40. Where with no more defensive Arms than was By Nature ment us , who ordain'd Men Friends , We will on foot determine our great cause , On which the Lombards doubtfull peace depends . 41. The Duke full low did bow , and soon obay , Confess'd his honour he transcendent finds , Said he their persons might a meaner way With ods have aw'd , but this subdues their Minds . 42. Now wing'd with hope they to their Troops return , Oswald his old grave Brescians makes retire , Lest if too near , though like slow Match they burn , The Dukes rash Youth like Powder might take fire . 43. First with their noble Chiefs they treat aside , Plead it humanity to bleed alone , And term it needless cruelty and pride With others Sacrifice to grace their own . 44. Then to their Troops gave their resolv'd command Not to assist , through anger nor remorse ; Who seem'd more willing patiently to stand , Because each side presum'd their Champions force . 45. Now near that ground ordain'd by them and Fate , To be the last where one or both must tread , Their chosen Judges they appoint to wait ; Who thither were like griev'd Spectatours led . 46. These from the distant Troops far sever'd are ; And near their Chiefs divided Stations take ; Who strait uncloath , and for such deeds prepare , By which strip'd Souls their fleshy Robes forsake . 47. But Hubert now advanc'd , and cry'd aloud , I will not trust uncertain Destinie , Which may obscurely kill me in a Crowd , That here have pow'r in publick view to die . 48. Oswald my Brother is ! If any dare Think Gondibert's great name more Kingly sounds , Let him alight , and he shall leave the care Of chusing Monarchs , to attend his wounds ! 49. This Hurgonil receiv'd with greedy Ear , Told him his summons boldly did express , That he had little judgement whom to fear , And in the choice of Kings his skill was less . 50. With equal haste they then alight and met , Where both their Chiefs in preparation stood ; Whilst Paradine and furious Dargonet , Cry'd out , we are of Oswald's Princely blood . 51. Are there not yet two more so fond of same , So true to Gondibert , or Love's commands , As to esteem it an unpleasant shame With idle eyes to look on busie hands ? 52. Such haste makes Beauty when it Youth forsakes , And day from Travellers when it does set , As Arnold to proud Paradine now makes , And little Hugo to tall Dargonet . 53. The bloudy Borgio , who with anguish stay'd , And check'd his rage , till these of Oswald's Race , By wish'd example their brave Challenge made , Now like his curb'd Steed foaming , shifts his place . 54. And thus ( with haste and choler hoarse ) he spake , Who e're amongst you thinks we destin'd are To serve that King your Courtly Camp shall make , Falsly he loves , nor is his Lady fair ! 55. This scarce could urge the temp'rate Tybalts fire , Who said , When Fate shall Aribert remove , As ill then wilt thou judge who should aspire , As who is fair , that art too rude to love . 56. But scarce had this reply reach'd Borgio's Ear , When Goltho louder cry'd , what ere he be Dares think her foul who hath a Lover here , Though Love I never knew , shall now know me . 57. Grave Tybalt , who had laid an early'r claim To this defiance , much distemper'd grows , And Goltho's forward Youth would sharply blame , But that old Vasco thus did interpose . 58. That Boy who makes such haste to meet his fate , And fears he may ( as if he knew it good ) Through others pride of danger come too late , Shall read it strait ill written in his blood . 59. Let Empire fall , when we must Monarchs choose , By what unpractis'd Childhood shall approve ; And in tame peace let us our Manhood loose , When Boys yet wet with milk discourse of Love. 60. As bashfull Maids blush , as if justly blam'd ▪ When forc'd to suffer some indecent Tongue , So Goltho blush'd ( whom Vasco made asham'd ) As if he could offend by being young . 61. But instantly offended bashfulness Does to a brave and beauteous anger turn , Which he in younger flames did so express , That scarce old Vasco's Embers seem'd to burn . 62. The Princes knew in this new kindled rage , Opinion might ( which like unlucky wind Sate right to make it spread ) their Troops engage ; And therefore Oswald thus proclaim'd his-mind . 63. Seem we already dead , that to our words ( As to the last requests men dying make ) Your love but Mourners short respect affords , And ere interr'd you our commands forsake ? 64. We chose you Judges of our needfull strife , Such whom the world ( grown faithless ) might esteem As weighty witnesses of parting life , But you are those we dying must condemn . 65. Are we become such worthless sacrifice , As cannot to the Lombards Heav'n atone , Unless your added blood make up the price , As if you thought it worthier than our own ? 66. Our fame , which should survive before us , die ! And let ( since in our presence disobay ▪ d ) Renown of pow'r , like that of beauty flie From knowledge , rather than be known decay'd ! 67. This when with rev'rence heard , it would have made Old Armies melt , to mark at what a rate They spent their Hearts and Eyes , kindly afraid To be omitted in their Gen'rals fate . 68. Hubert ( whose princely quality more frees Him than the rest , from all command , unless He find it such as with his will agrees ) Did nobly thus his firm resolve express : 69. All greatness bred in blood be now abas'd ! Instinct , the inward Image , which is wrought And given with Life , be like thaw'd wax defac'd ! Though that bred better honour than is taught ; 70. And may impressions of the common ill Which from street Parents the most low derives , Blot all my minds fair book if I stand still , Whilst Oswald singly for the Publick strives : 71. A Brothers love all that obedience stays , Which Oswald else might as my Leader claim ; Whom as my love , my honour disobays , And bids me serve our greater Leader , Fame . 72. With gentle looks Oswald to Hubert bows , And said , I then must yield that Hubert shall ( Since from the same bright Sun our lustre grows ) Rise with my Morns , and with my Ev'nings fall ! 73. Bold Paradine and Dargonet reviv'd Their suit , and cry'd , We are Astolpho's sons ! Who from your highest spring his blood deriv'd , Though now it down in lower Channels runs . 74. Such lucky seasons to attain renown , We must not lose , who are to you ally'd ; Others usurp , who would your dangers own , And what our duty is , in them is pride . 75. Then as his last Decree thus Oswald spake ; You that vouchsafe to glory in my blood , Shall share my doom , which for your merits sake , Fate , were it bad , would alter into good . 76. If any others disobedient rage , Shall with uncivil love intrude his aid , And by degrees our distant Troops ingage , Be it his Curss still to be disobey'd . 77. Wars Orders may he by the slow convey To such as onely shall dispute them long ; An ill peace make ; when none will him obey , And be for that , when old , judg'd by the young . 78. This said , he calmly bid the Duke provide Such of his bloud , as with those chosen Three ( Whilst their adoption they on foot decide ) May in brave life or death fit Partners be . 79. Though here ( reply'd the Duke ) I find not now Such as my bloud with their alliance grace , Yet Three I see to whom your stock may bow , If love may be esteem'd of heav'nly Race . 80. And much to me these are by love ally'd ; Then Hugo , Arnold , and the Count drew near ; Count Hurgonil woo'd Orna for his Bride , The other Two in Laura Rivals were . 81. But Tybalt cry'd ( and swiftly as his voice Approch'd the Duke ) forgive me mightie Chief , If justly I envie thy noble choice , And disobey thee in wrong'd Love's relief . 82. If rev'renc'd love be sacred Myst'rie deem'd , And mysteries when hid , to value grow , Why am I less for hidden love esteem'd ? To unknown God-head , wise Religions bow , 83. A Maid of thy high linage much I love , And hide her name till I can merit boast , But shall I here ( where I may worth improve ) For prising her above my self , be lost ? 84. The Duke 's firm bosome kindly seem'd to melt At Tybalt's grief , that he omitted was ; Who lately had Love's secret conquest felt , And hop'd for publick triumph in this cause . 85. Then he decreed , Hugo ( though chose before To share in this great work ) should equally With Tybalt be expos'd to Fortune's pow'r , And by drawn Lots their wish'd election trie . 86. Hugo his dreaded Lord with chearfull aw Us'd to obey , and with implicit love ; But now he must for certain honour draw Uncertain Lots , seems heavily to move . 87. And here they trembling reach'd at honour so , As if they gath'ring Flow'rs a Snake discern'd ; Yet fear'd Love onely whose rewards then grow To Lovers sweetest , when with danger earn'd . 88. From this brave fear , lest they should danger scape , Was little Hugo eas'd , and when he drew The Champion's lot , his joy inlarg'd his shape , And with his lifted mind he taller grew . 89. But Tybalt stoop'd beneath his sorrows waight ; Goltho and him kindly the Duke imbrac'd ; Then to their station sent ; and Oswald straight His so injoyn'd , and with like kindness grac'd . 90. When cruel Borgio does from Tybalt part , Vasco from Goltho , many a look they cast Backward in sullen message from the heart , And through their eyes their threatning anger waste . CANTO the Fourth . The ARGUMENT . The Duel where all rules of artfull strife , To rescue or endanger Darling-life , Are by reserves of strength and courage shown ; For killing was long since a Science grown . Th' event by which the Troops engaged are , As private rage too often turn to war. 1. BY what bold passion am I rudely led , Like Fame's too curious and officious Spie , Where I these Rolls in her dark Closet read , Where Worthies wrapt in Time's disguises lie ? 2. Why should we now their shady Curtains draw , Who by a wise retirement hence are ●reed , And gone to Lands exempt from Nature's Law , Where love no more can mourn , nor valour bleed ? 3. Why to this stormy world from their long ▪ rest , Are these recall'd to be again displeas'd , Where during Natures reign we are opprest , Till we by Deaths high priviledge are eas'd ? 4. Is it to boast that Verse has Chymick pow'r , And that its rage ( which is productive heat ) Can these revive , as Chymists raise a Flower , Whose scatter'd parts their Glass presents compleat ? 5. Though in these Worthies gone , valour and love Did chastely as in sacred Temples meet , Such reviv'd Patterns us no more improve , Than Flowers so rais'd by Chymists make us sweet . 6. Yet when the souls disease we desp'rate find , Poets the old renown'd Physitians are , Who for the sickly habits of the mind , Examples as the ancient cure prepare . 7. And bravely then Physitians hononr gain , When to the world diseases cureless seem , And they ( in Science valiant ) ne'r refrain Arts war with Nature , till they life redeem . 8. But Poets their accustom'd task have long Forborn , ( who for Examples did disperse The Heroes virtues in Heroick Song ) And now think virtue sick , past cure of verse . 9. Yet to this desp'rate cure I will proceed , Such patterns shew as shall not fail to move ; Shall teach the valiant patience when they bleed , And hapless Lovers constancy in love . 10. Now Honour's chance , the Duke with Oswald takes , The Count his great Stake , Life , to Hubert sets ; Whilst his to Paradin's Lord Arnold stakes , And little Hugo throws at Dargonets . 11. These Four on equal ground those Four oppose ; Who wants in strength , supples it with his skill ; So valiant that they make no haste to close ; They not apace , but handsomly would kill . 12. And as they more each others courage found , Each did their force more civilly express , To make so manly and so fair a wound , As loyal Ladies might be proud to dress . 13. But vain , though wondrous , seems the short event Of what with pomp and Noise we long prepare : One hour of battel oft that force hath spent , Which Kings whole lives have gather'd for a war. 14. As Rivers to their ruin hastie be , So life ( still earnest , loud , and swift ) runs post To the vaste Gulf of death , as they to Sea , And vainly travels to be quickly lost . 15. And now the Fates ( who punctually take care We not escape their sentence at our birth ) Writ Arnold down where those inroled are Who must in Youth abruptly leave the Earth . 16. Him Paradine into the Brow had pierc't ; From whence his bloud so overflow'd his Eyes , He grew too blind to watch and guard his breast , Where wounded twice , to Deaths cold Court he hies . 17. And Love ( by which Life's name does value find , As Altars even subsist by ornament ) Is now as to the Owner quite resign'd , And in a sigh to his dear Laura sent . 18. Yet Fates so civil were in cruelty As not to yield that he who conquer'd all The Tuscan Vale , should unartended die , They therefore doom that Dargonet must fall . 19. Whom little Hugo dext'rously did vex With many wounds in unexpected place , Which yet not kill , but killingly perplex ; Because he held their number a disgrace . 20. For Dargonet in force did much exceed The most of Men , in valour equall'd all ; And was asham'd thus diversly to bleed , As if he stood where showrs of Arrows fall . 21. At once he ventures his remaining strength To Hugo's nimble skill , who did desire To draw this little war out into length , By motions quick as Heav'ns fantastick fire ! 22. This fury now is grown too high at last In Dargonet ; who does disorder all The strengths of temp'rance by unruly haste , Then down to Deaths low Calm does breathless fall . 23. When with his own Storm sunk , his Foe did spie Lord Arnold dead , and Paradine prepare To help Prince Oswald to that victory , Of which the Duke had yet an equal share . 24. Vain Conquerour ( said Hugo then ) return ! In stead of Laurel which the Victor wears , Go gather Cypress for thy Brothers Urn , And learn of me to water it with Tears . 25. Thy Brother lost his life attempting mine ; Which cannot for Lord Arnold's loss suffice : I must revenge ( unlucky Paradine ) The blood his death will draw from Laura's Eyes . 26. We Rivals were in Laura , but though she My griefs derided , his with sighs approv'd ; Yet I ( in Loves exact integritie ) Must take thy life for killing him She lov'd . 27. These quick alike , and artfully as fierce , At one sad instant give and take that wound , Which does through both their vital Closets pierce ; Where Life 's small Lord doth warmly sit enthron'd . 28. And then they fell , and now near upper Heaven , Heav'ns better part of them is hov'ring still , To watch what end is to their Princes given , And to brave Hubert , and to Hurgonil . 29. In progress thus to their eternal home , Some method is observ'd by Destinie , Which at their Princes setting out did doom , These as their leading Harbingers to die . 30. And fatal Hubert we must next attend , Whom Hurgonil had brought to such distress , That though Life's stock he did not fully spend , His glory that maintain'd it is grown less . 31. Long had they strove , who first should be destroy'd ; And wounds ( the Marks of Manhood ) gave and took , Which though like honour'd Age , we would avoid , Yet make us when possess'd , for rev'rence look . 32. O Honour ! Frail as Life thy sellow Flower ! Cherish'd and watch'd , and humr'ously esteem'd , Then worn for short adornments of an hour ; And is when lost no more than life redeem'd . 33. This fatal Hubert finds , if honour be As much in Princes lost , when it grows less , As when it dies in men of next degree : Princes are onely Princes by excess . 34. For having twice with his firm Opposite Exchang'd a wound , yet none that reach'd at life , The adverse sword his Arms best sinew hit , Which holds that strength , which should uphold their strife . 35. When thus his dear defence had left his Hand , Thy life ( said Hurgonil ) rejoyce to wear As Orna's favour , and at her command ; Who taught the mercy I will practise here . 36. To which defenceless Hubert did reply , My life ( a worthless Blank ) I so despise , Since Fortune laid it in her Lotary , That I 'm asham'd thou draw'st it as a Prize . 37. His grief made noble Hurgonil to melt , Who mourn'd in this a Warriours various fate ; For though a Victor now , he timely felt That change which pains us most by coming late . 38. But Orna ( ever present in his thought ) Prompts him to know , with what success for fame And Empire , Gondibert and Oswald fought ; Whilst Hubert seeks out death ▪ and shrinks from shame . 39. Valour , and all that practice torns to art , Alike the Princes had and understood ; For Oswald now is cool as Gondibert ; Such temper he has got by losing blood . 40. Calmly their temper did their art obay ; Their stretch'd Arms regular in motion prove ; And force with as unseen a stealth convay , As noiseless hours by hands of Dials move . 41. By this new temper Hurgonil believ'd That Oswald's elder virtues might prevail ; To think his own help needfull much he griev'd ; But yet prepar'd it le●t the Duke should fail . 42. Small wounds they had , where as in Casements ●ate Disorder'd Life ; who seem'd to look about , And fain would be abroad , but that a Gate She wants so wide , at once to ●ally out . 43. When Gondibert saw Hurgonil draw near , And doubly arm'd at conquer'd Huberts cost , He then , who never fear'd , began to fear , Lest by his help his honour should be lost . 44. Retire , said he ; for if thou hop'st to win My Sisters love by aiding in this strife ; May Heav'n ( to make her think thy love a s●n ) Eclipse that beauty which did give it life . 45. Count Hurgonil did doubtfully retire , Fain would assist , yet durst not disobay ; The Duke would rather instantly expire , Than hazard Honour's death , by death's delay . 46. Alike did Oswald for dispatch prepare ; And cries , Since Hubert knew not to subdue , Glory farewel , that art the Souldiers care , More lov'd than Woman , less than Woman true ▪ 47. And now they strive with all their sudden force To storm Life's Cit●adil , each others Brest ; At which could Heav'ns chief Eye have felt remorse , It would have wink'd , or hast'ned to the West . 48. But sure the Heav'nly Movers little care Whether our motion here be false or true ; For we proceed , whilst they are regular , As if we Dice for all our actions threw . 49. We seem surrender'd to indiff'rent Chance , Even Deaths grave work looks like fantastick play ; That Sword which oft did Oswald's fame advance In publick war , fails in a private fray . 50. For when ( because he ebbes of bloud did feel ) He levell'd all his strength at Gondibert , It clash'd and broke against the adverse steel , Which travell'd onward till it reach'd his heart . 51. Now he that like a stedfast statue stood In many Battels registerd by Fames , Does fall depriv'd of language as of blood ; Whilst high the Hunters send their Victors name . 52. Some shout aloud , and others wind the Horn ! They mix the Cities with the Field's applause ; Which Borgio soon interprets as their scorn , And will revenge it ere he mourn the cause . 53. This the cold Evening warm'd of Vasco's age ; He shin'd like scorching Noon in Borgio's looks , Who kindled all about him with his rage , And worse the Triumph than the Conquest brooks . 54. The Troops ( astonish'd with their Leaders fate ) The horrour first with silence entertain ; With loud impatience than for Borgio wait , And next with one confusion all complain . 55. Whom thus he urg'd ! Prince Oswald did command We should remove far from the Combat's list ; And there like unconcern'd Spectatours stand , Justly restrain'd to hinder or assist . 56. This ( Patient Friends ! ) we dully have obay'd ; A temp'rance which he never taught before , But though alive he could forbid our aid , Yet dead , he leaves revenge within our pow'r . CANTO the Fifth . The ARGUMENT . The Battel in exact , though little shape , Where none by flight , and few by fortune scape , Where even the vanquish'd so themselves behave , The Victors mourn for all they could not save : And fear ( so soon is Fortune's fullness wain'd ) To lose in one , all that by all they gain'd . 1. NOw Hubert's Page assists his wounded Lord To mount that Steed , he scarce had force to guide ; And wept to see his hand without that Sword Which was so oft in busie Battel try'd . 2. Those who with Borgio saw his want of blood , Cry'd out , If of thy strength enough remain , Though not to charge , to make thy conduct good Lead us to adde their living to our slain . 3. Hubert reply'd , Now you may justly boast , You Sons of War , that Oswald was your Sire ; Who got in you the honour I have lost ; And taught those deeds our Ladies songs admire . 4. But he ( Wars Ancestour , who gave it birth , The Father of those Fights we Lombards fought ) Lies there embracing but his length of Earth , Who for your use the world's vast Empire sought . 5. And cold as he lies noble Dargonet , And Paradine , who wore the Victors Crown ; Both swift to Charge , and lame in a Retreat ; Brothers in bloud , and Rivals in renown . 6. This said , their Trumpets sound Revenge's praise ; The Hunters Horns ( though terrour of the wood ) Reply'd so meanly , they could scarcely raise Eccho so loud as might be understood . 7. The Duke ( his fit of fury being spent , Which onely wounds and opposition bred ) Does weep on faded Oswald , and lament What was so great in life , is nothing dead . 8. But cry'd , when he the speechless Rivals spy'd , O worth , above the ancient price of Love ! Lost are the living , for with these love dy'd ; Or if immortal , fled with them above . 9. In these we the intrinsick value know By which first Lovers did love currant deem ; But Love's false Coyners will allay it now , Till men suspect what next they must contemn . 10. Not less young Hurgonil resents their chance , Though no fit time to practise his remorse , For now he cries ( finding the Foe advance ) Let Death give way to life ! to horse ! to horse ! 11. This sorrow is too soft for deeds behind ; Which I ( a mortal Lover ) would sustain ; So as to make your Sister wisely kind , And praise me living , not lament me slain . 12. Swift as Armenians in the Panthers chace They flie to reach where now their Hunters are ; Who sought out danger with too bold a pace , Till thus the Duke did them aloud prepare . 13. Impatient Friends , stand that your strength may last , Burn not in blaze rage that should warm you long ! I wish to Foes the weaknesses of haste , To you such slowness as may keep you strong . 14. Not their scorns force should your fixt patience move ; Though scorn does more thā boads free minds provoke : Their flashy rage shall harmless lightning prove , Which but fore-runs our Thunder's fatal stroke . 15. For when their fury 's spent , how weak they are With the dull weight of antique Vandal 〈◊〉 Their work but short , and little is in war , Whom rage within , and Armour outward warms . 16. When you have us'd those arts your patience yields , Try to avoid their couched Launces force By dext'rous practise of Croation Fields , Which turns to lazy Elephants their Horse . 17. When false retreat shall scatter you in flight , As if you back to Elements were fled ; And no less faith can you again unite , Than recollects from Elements the dead . 18. Make Chasers seem by your swift Rallies , slow ; Whilst they your swifter change of figures fear , Like that in Battels , which t' amuse the Foe My Grand-sire taught , as Wars Philosopher . 19. Think now your Valour enters on the Stage , Think Fame th' Eternal Choru● to declare Your mighty minds to each succeeding age , And that your Ladies the Spectatours are . 20. This utter'd was with so supream a grace , That ev'ry heart it empty'd , and did raise Life's chiefest blood in valour to the Face , Which made such beauty as the Foe did praise . 21. Yet 't was Ambition's praise , which but approves Those whom through envy it would fain subdue ; Likes others honour , but her own so loves , She thinks all others Trophies are her due . 22. For Hubert now ( though void of strength as fear ) Advanc'd the first Division fast and far ; Bold Borgio with the next attends his Rear , The Third was left to Vasco's steddy care . 23. The Duke still watch'd when each Divisions space Grew wide , that he might his more open spred ; His own brave conduct did the foremost grace , The next the Count , the third true Tybalt led . 24. A forward fashion he did wear a while , As if the Charge he would with fury meet ; That he their forward fury might beguil , And urge them past redemption by retreat . 25. But when with Launces couch'd they ready were , And their thick Front ( which added Files in large ) With their ply'd spurs kept time in a Career , Those soon were vanish'd whom they meant to charge . 26. The Duke by flight his Manhood thus and force Reserv'd , and to his skill made Valour yield , Did seem to blush , that he must lead his Horse To lose a little ground , to gain the Field . 27. Yet soon with Ralleys he reviv'd the war ; Hubert pursues the Rear of Hurgonil ; And Borgio's Rear with Chace so loos'ned are , That them the Count does with close order kill . 28. And that which was erewhile the Dukes firm Van , Before old Vasco's Front vouchsafe to flie , Till with Croation Ralleys they began In small Divisions hidden strength to trie . 29. Then cursing Borgio cry'd , Whence comes his skill , Who men so scatter'd can so firmly mix ? The living Metal , held so volatile By thy dull word , this Chymick Lord can fix ! 30. He press'd where Hurgonil his fury spends , As if he now in Orna's presence fought ; And with respect his brave approach attends , To give him all the dangers which he sought . 31. So bloody was th' event of this new strife , That we may here applauded valour blame ; Which oft too easily abandons Life , Whilst Death is Parent made of noble Fame . 32. For many now ( belov'd by both ) forsake In their pursuit of flying Fame , their breath ; And through the world their Valour currant make , By giving it the ancient stamp of death . 33. Young Hurgonil's renowned self had bought Honour of Borgio at no less a rate , Had not the Duke dispatch'd with those he sought , And found his aid must flie , or come too late . 34. For he advancing saw ( which much him griev'd ) That in the fairest Region of the Face , He two wide wounds from Borgio had receiv'd ; His beauties blemish , but his valours grace . 35. Now cry'd the Duke , strive timely for renown ! Thy Age will kiss those wounds thy Youth may loath ; Be not dismaid to see thy beautie gone ; My Sister 's thine , who has enough for both . 36. Then soon the Youth , Death as an honour gave To one that Strove to rescue Borgio's life ; Yet Borgio had dispatch'd him to his grave , Had Gondibert stood neutral in the Strife : 37. Who with his sword ( disdaining now to stay And see the bloud he lov'd so rudely spilt ) Pierc't a bold Lombard who imbarr'd his way ; Even till his heart did beat against his Hilt. 38. Timely old Vasco came to Borgio's aid ; Whose long experienc'd Arm wrought sure and fast ; His rising oppositions level laid , And miss'd no execution by his haste . 39. And timely where the bleeding Count now fought , And where the Duke with Number was opprest , Resistless Tybalt came , who Borgio sought , But here with many Borgios did contest . 40. As Tides , that from their sev'ral Channels haste , Assemble rudely in th' Ub●an Bay , And meeting there to indistinction waste , Strive to proceed , and force each others stay . 41. So here the valiant who with swift force come , With as resistless valour are ingag'd ; Are hid in angers undistinguish'd Fome , And make less way by meeting so inrag'd . 42. But room for Goltho now ! Whose valour 's fire , Like lightning , did unlikely passage make ; Whose swift effects like lightnings they admire , And even the harms it wrought with rev'rence take . 43. Vasco he seeks , who had his Youth disdain'd ; And in that search he with irreverend rage , Revengefully from younger Foes abstain'd , And deadly grew where he encounterd Age. 44. And Vasco now had felt his Gothick steel , But that Duke Gondibert ( through Helm and Head ) The last dire stroke which Vasco ere shall feel Did give , and sent him to adorn the dead . 45. Here Borgio too had faln , but bravely then The Count so much reveng'd the wounds he gave , As Gondibert ( the Prop of falling Men ) Such sinking greatness could not chuse but save . 46. When Vasco was remov'd , the Count declin'd His bashfull Eyes ; the Duke thought suddain shame ( From sence of luckless wounds ) possess'd his mind ; Which thus he did reform , and gently blame . 47. Now thy complexion lasting is , and good ! As when the Sun sets red , his Morning Eyes In glory wake , so now thou setst in bloud , Thy parting beautie will in honour rise . 48. These scars thou needst not from my Sister hide ; For as our Father , in brave battel lost , She first did name with sorrow , then with pride , Thy beauties loss she 'l mourn and after boast . 49. Mine are but Love's false wounds ( said Hurgonil ) To what you Vasco gave ; for I must grieve My strength of honour could not Vasco kill , That honour lost , yet I have strength to live . 50. But now behold vex'd Hubert , who in all This battel was by ready conduct known , And though unarm'd , and his spent force so small He could to none bring death , yet sought his own : 51. And ev'ry where , where Rallies made a Gross He charg'd ; and now with last reserves he try'd His too slow fate from Gondibert to force , Where he was Victor and where Vasco dy'd . 52. The Duke ( in Honours School exactly bred ) Would not that this defenceless Prince should be Involv'd with those , whom he to dying led , Therefore ordain'd him still from slaughter free . 53. And now his pow'r did gently make him know , That he must keep his life , and quit the cause ; More Pris'ner to him self than to his Foe , For life within himself in Prison was . 54. His fierce Assistance did not quit the Field , Till forward marks declar'd they fairly fought ; And then they all with sullen slowness yield ; Vex'd they had found what vain Revenge had sought . 55. In the renown'd destruction of this day , Four hundred Leaders were by valours pride Led to blest shades , by an uncertain way , Where lowliness is held the surest Guide . 56. And twice the Tierce of these consists of those Who for Prince Oswald's love of Empire bled ; The Duke does thus with thanks and praise dispose Both of the worthy living , and the dead . 57. Bind all your wounds , and shed not that brave life , Which did in all by great demeanor past , ( Teaching your Foes a wiser choise of strife ) Deserve a Lease of Nature that may last . 58. Love warm'd you with those hints which kindled me ; And form'd Ideas in each lovers thought Of the distress of some beloved she , Who then inspir'd , and prais'd you whilst you fought . 59. You nobly prompt my passion to desire , That the rude Crowd who Lovers softness scorn , Might in fair field meet those who love admire , To trie which side must after Battel mourn . 60. O that those rights which should the good advance , And justly are to painfull valour due , ( How ere misplac'd by the swift hand of Chance ) Were from that Crowd defended by those few ! 61. With this great Spectacle we should refresh Those Chiefs , who ( though preferr'd by being dead ) Would kindly wish to fight again in flesh : So all that lov'd by Hurgonil were led . 62. This gracious mention from so great a Lord , Bow'd Hurgonil with dutious homage down , Where at his feet he laid his rescn'd Sword ; Which he accepts , but he returns his own . 63. By this and thine , said gentle Gondibert , In all distress of various Courts and war , We interpledge and bind each others heart , To strive who shall possess griefs greatest share . 64. Now to Verona hast , and timely bring Thy wounds unto my tender Sister's care ; This Days sad story to our dreaded King , And watch what veng'ance Oswald's Friends prepare . 65. Brave Arnold , and his Rival streight remove ; Where Laura shall bestrew their hallow'd Ground ; Protectours both , and Ornaments of Love ; This said , his Eyes out-weep'd his widest wound . 66. Tell her now these ( Love's faithful Saints ) are gon , The beautie they ador'd , she ought to hide ; For vainly will Love's Miracles be shown , Since Lovers faith with these brave Rivals dy'd . 67. Say little Hugo never more shall mourn In noble Numbers her unkind disdain ; Who now not seeing beautie feels no scorn ; And wanting pleasure , is exempt from pain . 68. When she with Flowrs Lord Arnold's Grave shall strew , And hears why Hugo's life was thrown away , She on that Rival's Hearse will drop a few ; Which merits all that April gives to May. 69. Let us forsake for safety of our Eyes Our other loss ; which I will straight inter , And raise a Trophy where each Body lies ; Vain marks , how those alive the Dead prefer ! 70. If my full Breast , my wounds that empty be , And this Days toil ( by which my strength is gon ) Forbid me not , I Bergamo will see Ere it beholds the next succeeding Sun. 71. Thither convey thy souls consid'rate thought , How in this cause the Court and Camp 's inclin'd ; What Oswald's Faction with the King has wrought , And how his loss prevails with Rhodalind . 72. The Count and Tybalt take their lowly leaves ▪ Their slain they sadly , with consuming hearts , Bear tow'rds Verona , whilst the Duke perceives Prince Hubert's grief , and thus his tears diverts . 73. Afflicted Prince ! in an unpleasant hour You and your living ( by blind valour led ) Are captives made to such an easie pow'r , Shall you as little vex , as Death your dead . 74. The Dead can ne'r by living help return From that dark Land , which life could ne'r diselese ; But these alive ( for whom the Victors mourn ) To thee I give , thee to thine own dispose . 75. Be not with honours guilded Baits beguild ; Nor think Ambition wife , because 't is brave ; For though we like it , as a forward Child , 'T is so unsound , her Cradle is her Grave . 76. Study the mighty Oswald vainly gone ! Fierce Paradine , and Dargonet the stout ! Whos 's Thirds by patient Parcae slowly spun , Ambition's haste has rashly ravell'd out . 77. But Hubert's grief no precept could reform : For great grief counsell'd , does to anger grow ; And he provided now a future Storm , Which did with black revenge orecast his Brow. 78. Borgio and he from this dire Region haste ; Shame makes them sightless to themselves and dumb ; Their thoughts flie swift as Time from what is past ; And would like him demolish all to come . 79. Strait they interre th' inferiour of their slain ; Their nobler Tragick load their grief attends Tow'rds Brescia , where the Camp they hope to gain , Then force the Court by faction of their Friends . 80. To Bergamo the gentle Duke does turn With his surviving Lovers , who in kind Remembrance every step look back , and mourn Their fellow Lovers Death has staid behind . 81. Some lost their quiet Rivals , some their dear Love's Brother , who their hopes with help approv'd ; Some such joy'd Friends , as even tomorrow were To take from Hymen those they dearest lov'd . 82. But now to Gondibert they forward look , Whose wounds , ere he could waste three league of way , So waste him , that his speech him quite forsook , And Nature calls for Art to make Life stay . 83. His Friends in torment lest they should forsake Delightfull him , for whom alone they live ; Urge Heav'n uncivilly for calling back So soon such worth , it does so seldom give . CANTO the Sixth . The ARGUMENT . The Victor is ( when with his wounds subdu'd ) By such deform'd and dismal Troops pursu'd , That he thinks Death , than which they uglier seem , No ill expedient to escape from them . But ULFIN guids him to sage ASTRAGON , By the last Rays of the descending Sun. 1. SCarce on their Duke their fears kind fit was spent , When strait a thick arm'd Squadron clouds their sight , Which cast so dark a shade , as if it meant Without the Suns slow leave , to bring in night . 2. This threatning Squadron did consist of Horse , And by old Ulfin they were gravely led , Whose mind was sound , nor wants his Body force , Though many Winters Snow had coold his head . 3. The sad remainder who with Hubert went , Did miss his reach , when they to Brescia turn'd , And now ( as if his haste destruction meant ) He chac'd these who the Dukes spent valour mourn'd . 4. Whose posture being loose , their number few , His Scouts grow scornfull as they forward come , He makes his Squadron halt , and near he drew , Then asks aloud , what are you , and for whom ? 5. The noble Goltho ( whose great deeds to day Prevented Manhood in his early youth ) Believ'd him Oswald's Friend , yet scorn'd the way To shelter life , behind abandon'd Truth . 6. For he to Ulfin boldly thus reply'd , This second Ambush finds us here in vain ; We have no treasure left that we would hide , Since Gondibert is reckon'd with the slain . 7. Duke Gondibert we vouch to be our Lord , To whose high virtues Sov'raignty we bow ; Oswald sunk low , as death , beneath his Sword , Though him superiour Fate will vanquish now . 8. Scarce empty Eagles stooping to their prey , Could be more swift than Ulfin to alight , And come where Gondibert expiring lay ; Now pleasing those whom he did newly fright . 9. For scarce that rev'rence which a Monarch draws , Who seldom will be seen , though often sought ; Who spends his carefull age in making Laws , To rule those lands for which in youth he fought . 10. Nor that respect which People pay those Kings , Whose peace makes rich , whom civil war made wise , Can equal this which aged Ulfin brings The gentle Duke , to whom he prostrate lies . 11. His Eyes ( not us'd to tears ) bathe ev'ry wound ; Which he salutes as things he chiefly lov'd ; And when expence of spirits he had found , To gain him air , his Mourners he remov'd . 12. Make way , said he , and give Experience room , The Confident of age , though Youth 's scorn'd guide , My wounds , though past , out number yours to come , You can but hope the knowledge I have try'd . 13. His Hilts round Pommel he did then unskrew , And thence ( which he from ancient Precept wore ) In a small Chrystal he a Cordial drew , That weary life could to her walks restore . 14. This care ( amazing all it does delight ) His ruins , which so reverend appear , With wonder not so much surprise their sight , As a strange object now his Troops draw near . 15. In whom such death and want of limbs they find , As each were lately call'd out of his Tomb , And left some members hastily behind , Or came , when born , abortive from the Womb. 16. Yet this defect of Legs , or Arms , or Hands , Did wondring valour not disturb , but please ; To see what divers weapons each commands With arts hard shifts , till custom gave them ease . 17. But the uncomely absence of an Eye , And larger wants , which ev'ry visage mourn'd , ( Where black did over-vail , or ill supply ) Was that which wonder into horrid turn'd . 18. And Ulfin might be thought ( when the rude wind Lifting their Curtains , left their ruins bare ) A formal Antiquary , gravely kind To Statues , which he now drew out to air . 19. The Duke ( whose absent knowledge was call'd back By Cordials pow'r ) his wonder did increase So much , that he agen did knowledge lack , Till thus old Ulfin made his wonder cease . 20. Auspicious Prince ! recorded be this day , And sung by Priests of each ensuing Age ; On which thou may'st receive , and I may pay Some debts of duty , as thy Grandsires Page . 21. That mighty Chief I serv'd in youth's first strength , Who our short Scepter meant to stretch so far , Till Eastern Kings might grieve theirs wanted length , Whose Maps scarce teach where all their Subjects are . 22. Full many stormy winters we have seen , When kindled Valour 's heat was all our fire , Else we in stupid Frosts had fetter'd been , By which soft sinews are congeal'd to wire . 23. And many scorching Summers we have felt , Where Death relieves all whom the sword invades ; And kindly thence ( where we should toyling melt ) Leads us to rest beneath eternal shades . 24. For aid of action he obedience taught , And silent patience for afflictions cure : He prais'd my courage when I boldly fought , But said , They conquer most , that most endure . 25. The toyls of diligence as much approv'd As Valour 's self , or th' Arts her practise gains ; The care of Men , more than of glory lov'd , Success rewarded , and successless pains . 26. To joyfull Victors quenching water sent , Delightfull wine to their lamenting slaves ; For Feasts have more brave lives than Famine spent , And Temp'rance more than Trench or Armour saves . 27. Valour his Mistress , Caution was his Friend ; Both to their diff'rent seasons he appli'd ; The first he lov'd , on th' other did depend ; The first made worth uneasie by her pride . 28. He to submiss devotion more was given After a battel gain'd , than ere 't was fought ; As if it nobler were to thank high Heav'n For favours past , than bow for bounty sought . 29. And thus through smarting heat , and aking cold , Till Heav'ns perpetual Traveller ▪ had more Than thirty journeys through the Zodiack told , I serv'd thy Grandsire , whom I now adore . 30. For Heav'n in his too ripe and weary age , Call'd him , where peacefully he rules a Star ; Free'd from the lower El'ments ceaseless rage , Which last like Monarchs pow'r by needfull war. 31. Strait thy lamented Father did succeed To his high place , by Aribert's consent , Our Ensigns through remoter Lands to lead : Him too I follow'd till he upward went. 32. Till that black day on which the Hunns may boast Their own defeat , and we our conquest hide ; For though we gain'd , and they the battel lost , Yet then thy brave victorious Father dy'd . 33. And I am stay'd unwillingly behind ; Not caught with wealth , Life's most intangling snare ; Though both my Masters were in giving kind , As joyfull Victors after Battel are . 34. Whilst thus this aged Leader does express His and their Story whom this bounty feeds , His hands the Duke 's worst order'd wounds undress And gently bind ; then strait he thus proceeds . 35. West from those Hills till you Cremona reach , With an unmingled right I gather rent ; By their great Gift who did such precepts teach In giving , as their wealth is ne'r misspent . 36. For as their plenteous pity fills my thought , So their example was not read in vain ; A Thousand , who for them in battel fought , And now distress'd with Maims , I entertain : 37. Not giving like to those , whose gifts , though scant , Pain them , as if they gave with gowty hand ; Such vex themselves , and ease not others want ; But we alike enjoy , a like command . 38. Most spaciously we dwell , where we possess All smless pleasures Nature did ordain ; And who that all may have , yet will have less , Wiser than Nature , thinks her kindness vain . 39. A sad resolve , which is a wise-mans vow , From Cities noise , and Cou●●s unpity'd care Did so divorce me , it would scarce allow I ere should take one League of dist●●● ai● . 40. But that Alarms from each adjacent part Which borders my abode , disturb'd my rest , With dreadfull news that gracious Gondibert By Oswald's Faction was in fight opprest . 41. Then it had given your wonder cause to last , To see the vex'd mistakes this summons wrought In all my Maim'd Domesticks by their haste , For some tie on the Limbs which others sought . 42. Just such mistakes audacious Ethnicks say Will happen where the Righteous busie are , Through glad and earnest haste in the last day ; Whilst others slowly to their doom prepare . 43. And this had Anger , anger noise had bred ▪ And Noise , the Enemy of usefull Thought , Had them to more mistakes than blindness led ▪ But that our awfull Camps had silence taught . 44. Silence did Mem'ry , Mem'ry order make ▪ Order to each did his mist wood restore ▪ For some , who once were stedfast Foo● , mistake , And snatch those limbs which onely Horse-men wore . 45. Like swift Pursuers on Arabian Horse , These with their needfull Instruments of hold ( Which give their strange adapted weapons force ) I mounted strait Five Hundred fully told . 46. These from the Lombards highly have deserv'd , In Conquests where thy Father did command ; Whom they for Science and affection serv'd , And lost their Limbs to gain our Scepter Land. 47. Which yet are noble , though unsightly signs , That each in active courage much abounds ; And many a widow'd Mother now repines , They cannot shew the Men who gave those wounds . 48. For dearly did the Huns for honour pay , When they deform'd them in a fatal fight ; Since though they strongly struggled for the day , Yet all they got , was everlasting Night . 49. And Oswald's Friends , were they not timely gone ( Though all the Faction in one Army were ) Should mourn this act against their Gen'ral's Son , Who was to Souldiers more than Triumph dear . 50. For these to Conquest us'd , Retreats dislike ; Thy beauty want , to others Beauty's cost , With envious rage still at the Face they strike , And punish Youth , for what in youth they lost . 51. Thus , though the Duke's amazement be remov'd , It now returns , gladly on him to gaze , Who feeds those Fighters whom his Father lov'd ; A gratitude would Virtue 's self amaze . 52. Thou art , said he , ( then melted whilst he spake ) So ripe in what nice Heav'n does dearly love , That Heav'ns remorse for Earth we should mistake , To think it will forbear thee long above . 53. As if thy sent for Soul already were Upon her Wings , so much I give thee gon ; And wish thee left in some Successor here , That might receive the kindness thou hast shown . 54. Old Ulfin now ( but meltingly as he ) T' inrich him , gives the Jewell of his sight ; For strait , with Father's grave authoritie , He bids his son , young Ulfinor alight ! 55. Take him ( said he ) whose duty I release ; In whom all Heav'ns rewards included are , For all my Justice in corrupted peace , And for my mercy in revengeful war. 56. The fruit Heav'ns sent me by my loyal wife , In age , the gloomy Eve of endless night ; Which eas'd in me the pain of latter life , And frustrates death , by fresh succession's sight . 57. The Duke with passion did this Youth embrace ; Then luckie Goltho he call'd forth in view ; Who was this day in Fortun 's special grace , For though no blood he lost , yet much he drew . 58. Him he with Ulfinor does strait unite ; Bids neither strive the other to precede , Unless when danger doth them both invite , But be , even in nice Rivalship agreed . 59. Bids both their Breasts be eithers open book , Where nought is writ too hard for sodain Eies ; But ●ought's plain Text grows easie by a look : Study breeds doubt , where reading should suffice . 60. But these to joyn Nature no Counsel needs ; Whom Sympathy , her secret Priest , does wed ; Much fam'd will be their loves , and Martial Deeds ; Which fill all Books that are of Lombards read . 61. With gracious Eyes , and Bodie lo●ly bent , The Duke his Fathers rev'rend Troops salutes ; To Bergamo He holds his first intent ; Which to oppose , old Ulfin thus disputes . 62. Thou seest ( my Prince ) the faint decays of Light ; How hastily the Suns hot Steeds begin To mend their pace , as if their longing sight Had newly spy'd their usual Western Inn. 63. Too far is pleasant Bergamo from hence , Since Day has reach'd so near his journeys end ; Days strength and yours are at their last expence ; Do not whilst both are wasting , both misspend . 64. You and Your wounded must with Nature strive , Till all ( whose few hours sway to day excels Their elder Foes long reign in Camps ) arrive Where Astragon the wise and wealthy dwels . 65. Rich is that Lord , and rich in learnings wealth ; Art flies his test , he all Art's test endures ; Our Cities send their sick to him for health , Our Camps the wounded for their certain cures . 66. Though cautious Nature , check'd by Destinie , Has many secrets she would ne'r impart ; This fam'd Philosopher is Natures Spie , And hireless gives th' intelligence to Art. 67. The Duke with virtue ( antiquated now ) Did rev'rence Counsel , and to Age did bend ; His first Course alters , and does this allow ; Then Ulfin as their Guide they all attend . 68. Soon they the Pallace reach'd of Astragon ; Which had its beauty hid by envious Night , Whose Cypress Curtain drawn before the Sun , Seem'd to perform the Obsequies of light . 69. Yet Light 's last rays were not intirely spent , For they discern'd their passage through a Gate , Whose height and space shew'd ancient ornament , And Ancients there in carefull Office sate . 70. Who by their Weights and Measures did record Such num'rous Burdens as were thither brought From distant Regions , to their learned Lord ; On which his Chymicks and Distillers wrought . 71. But now their common bus'ness they refrain , When they observe a quiet fullenness And bloody marks in such a civil Train ; Which shew'd at once their worth and their distress . 72. The voice of ulfin they with gladness knew , Whom to this house long neighbourhood indeer'd Approaching Torches perfected their view , And taught the way till Astragon appear'd . 73. Who soon did Ulfin chearfully embrace , The visits cause by whispers he receiv'd ; Which first he hop'd was meant him as a grace , But being known , with manly silence griev'd . 74. And then with gestures full of grave respect , The Duke he to his own apartment led ; To each distinct retirements did direct , And all the wounded he ordain'd to Bed. 75. Then thin digestive food he did provide , More to enable fleeting strength to stay ; To wounds well search'd he cleansing wines apply'd , And so prepar'd his rip'ning Balsoms way . 76. Balm of the Warriour's herb , Hypericon ! To warriour's as in use , in form decreed ; For through the leaves transparent wounds are shown ; And rudely touch'd , the Golden Flower does bleed . 77. For sleep they juice of pale Nymphaea took , Which grows ( to shew that it for sleep is good ) Near sleep's abode , in the soft murm'ring Brook : This cools , the yellow Flow'r restrains the Bloud : 78. And now the wearie world's great Med'cin , Sleep , This learned Host dispenc'd to ev'ry Guest ; Which shuts those wounds where injur'd Lovers weep , And flies Oppressours to relieve th' Opprest . 79. It loves the Corrage , and from Court abstains , It stills the Sea man though the Storm be high ; Frees the griev'd Captive in his closest Chains , Stops wants loud Mouth , & blinds the treach'rous Spie ! 80. Kind Sleep , Night's welcome Officer , does cease All whom this House contains till day return ; And me , Grief's Chronicler , does gently ease , Who have behind so great a ta●k to mourn . The end of the First Book . GONDIBERT . The Second Book . CANTO the First . The ARGUMENT . VERONA by the Poet's Pencil drawn ; Where HURGONIL did meet the early dawn : Her wealth shown by each Dwellers early'r care ; Which soon by others peace , she reap'd by war. The slain , whose life her safetie was and pride , Are now in death their Fun'ral Rites deny'd . 1. SUnk near his Evening Region was the Sun , When Hurgonil with his lamented Load , And faithfull Tybalt their sad march begun To Fair Verona , where the Court aboad . 2. They slowly rode till Night's dominion ceast ; When infant Morn ( her scarce wak'd beams display'd ) With a scant face peep● shylie through the East , And seem'd as yet of the black world afraid . 3. But by increase of swift expansive light , The lost Horizon was apparent grown , And many Tow'rs salute at once their sight ; The distant boasts of an Imperial Town . 4. Verona , spr●●g from ●oble Vera's 〈◊〉 , Whom careless Time ( still 〈◊〉 old Records Where they are loosly gather'd up by ●ame ) Proclaims the chief of ancient Tuscan Lords . 5. Verona borders on that fatal Plain ; Whose barren thirst was quench'd with valiant blood , When the rough Cy●●brians by ●ierce Mari●● slain , Left Hills of Bodies where their Ensigns stood . 6. So safely proud this Town did now appear , As if it but immortal Dwellers lack'd ; As if Theodorick had ne'r been there , Nor Attila her wealth and beauty sack'd . 7. Here Hurgonil might follow with his Eye ( As with deep stream it through the City pass'd ) ▪ The fruitfull and the frighted Adice , Which thence from noise and nets to sea does haste . 8. And on her peopled Bank they might behold The toyls of conquest paid with works of pride ; The Palace of King Agilulf the old , Or Monument , for ere 't was built , he dy'd . 9. To it that Temple joyns , whose lofty Head The prospect of a swelling Hill commands ; In whose cool womb the City springs are bred : On Dorique Pillars this tall Temple stands . 10. This to sooth Heav'n the bloody Clephes built , As if Heav'ns King so soft and easie were , So meanly hous'd in Heav'n , and kind to guilt , That he would be a Tyrant's Tenant here . 11. And now they might arrest their wa●d'ring ●ight With that which makes all other Objects lost ; Makes Lombard greatness ●●a● to 〈◊〉 height , And Modern Builders bl●●● , that else would ●oast : 12. An Amphy theater which has controll'd Unheeded conquests of advancing Age , Winds which have made the trembling world look old , And the uncivil Goth's malicious rage . 13. This great Flaminius did in youth erect , Where Cities sat to see whole Armies play Death's serious part : but this we may neglect To mark the bus'ness which begins with day . 14. As Day now op'ning fils the Hemisphear , And all at once ; so quickly ev'ry street Does by an instant op'ning full appear , When from their dwellings busie Dwellers meet . 15. From wider Gates Oppressours sally there ; Here creeps th' afflicted through a narrow Door ; Groans under wrongs he has not strength to bear , Yet seeks for wealth to injure others more . 16. And here the early Lawyer mends his pace , For whom the earlier Cliant wai●ed long ; Here greedy Creditours their Debtours chace , Who scape by herding in th' indebted Throng . 17. Th' advent'rous Merchant , whom a Storm did wake , ( His Ships on Adriatick Billows ●ost ) Does hope of Eastern winds from Steeples take , And hastens there a Currier to the Coast. 18. Here through a secret Postern issues out The skar'd Adult'rer , who out-slept his time ; Day , and the Husbands Spie alike does doubt , And with a half hid face would-hide his crime . 19. There from sick mirth neglectful Feasters ●eel ; Who cares of want in wine's false L●the sleep . There anxious empty Gamsters homeward steal , And fear to wake , ere they begin to sleep . 20. Here stooping Lab'rers slowly moving are ; Beasts to the Rich , whose strength grows rude with case ; And would usurp , did not their Rulers care , With toile and tax their furious strength appease . 21. There th' Aged walk , whose needless carefulness Infects them past the Mindes best med'cin , sleep ; There some to Temples early vows address , And for th'ore busie world most wisely weep . 22. To this vast Inn , where Tydes of strangers flow , The Morn and Hurgonil together came ; The Morn , whose Dewy wings appear'd but slow , When Men the motion mark'd of swifter Fame . 23. For Fame ( whose journeys are through waies unknown , Tr●celess and swift , and changing as the wind ) The Morn and Hurgonil had much out-gone , Whilst temp'rate Truth mov'd patiently behind . 24 ▪ For some the Combat ( to a Batail grown ) Did apprehend in such prodigious shape , As if their living to the Dead were gone , And onely Fame did by her Wings escape . 25. Some said this Hunting falsely was design'd , That by pretence both Factions might prepare Their Armies to contest for Rhodalind , The Crown 's chief Jewel , and Reward of War. 26. And some report ( so far they range from Truth Who for intelligence must follow Fame ) That then from Bergamo th'encamped Youth , With Gondibert , to this dire Hunting came . 27. And some , that Oswald had enlarg'd his Train With the old Troops by his bold Father led ; And that of these the nobler half were slain , The rest were to their Camp at Brescia fled . 28. And as dire Thunder rowling ore Heav'ns vault , By murmure threatens , ere it kills aloud ; So was this fatal news in whisper brought , Which menac'd , ere it struck the list'ning Croud . 29. But Rumour soon to high extreams does move , For first it Oswald nam'd with dreadfull voice ; Then said that Death had widow'd Truth and Love , By making Gondibert the second choice . 30. And to all hearts so dear was Gondibert , So much did Pitie , Oswald's Valour prise , That strait their early bus'ness they desert , And fix on wounded Hurgonil their Eyes . 31. Him when by perfect day they sadly knew , Through hiddē wounds , whose blood his beauty stain'd , Even from the Temples , Angels soon withdrew , So sawcely th' afflicted there complain'd . 32. The People straight united clamour gave , Shriek'd loud like Sea-men split on a strange Coast ; As if those Pow'rs were deaf who should them save , And Pray'rs no louder than the winds were lost . 33. Now , with impatience urg'd , he does declare Whom he so mournfully in Fun'ral brought ; The publick losses of a private war , Who living , love , and valour , dying taught . 34. For he does Hugo and Arnoldo name , To these ( said he ) Ver●ra Cradles gave , And since in forreign Fields they rais'd her Fame , They challenge here , though much too soon , a Grave . 35. Bring sprinklings , Lamps , and th'Altar's precious breath ; All Rites which Priests have prudently devis'd , Who gratefully a rev'rence teach to death ; Because they most by dying men are pris'd . 36. But though our loss we justly may complain , Though even by Priests authority we grieve ; Yet Heav'n's first bounty , Life , let none disdain , Since Gondibert , our chief Delight , does live . 37. Th●●eard , as Sea-men near a Shore unknown , Who their North Guide lose in a Stormy night , His absence with distracted silence moan , And loudly welcome his return to sight : 38. So when their great Conductor seem'd to be Retir'd to endless shades amongst the slain , With silent grief they seem'd as dead as he , But with new life welcom'd his life again . 39. And now that cold remainder Valour left Of these whom Love had lost , and Fate forsook ▪ The Two that were of all but Fame berefr , From Hurgonil the weeping People took . 40. Whilst of them both sad Hurgonil takes leave , Till th' universal meeting Faith provides ; The Day when all shall publickly receave Those Bodies , Death does not destroy , but Hides ▪ 41. Then to his Palace he retires by stealth , His wounds from his lov'd Mistress to conceal , On whose dear joys so much depends his health ; The wounds her Tears should touch would never heal . 42. To the chief Temple straight the People bear The valiant Rivals , who for love were slain ; Whom all he peacefull Priests behold with fear , And griev'd such Guests they durst not entertain . 43. For soon the Prior of their Brotherhood ( Who long serv'd Heav'n with praise , the world with pray'r ) Cry'd out , this holy House is shut to blood , To all that die in combat or despair . 44. These by their bloody marks in Compar dy'd , Through anger , the disease of Beasts untam'd ; Whose wrath is hunger , but in Men 't is pride , Yet theirs is cruelty , ours courage nam'd . 45. Here the neglected Lord of peace does live ; Who taught the wrangling world the rules of love , Should we his dwelling to the wrathfull give , Our Sainted Dead would rise , and he remove . 46. Well by his precepts may we punish strife , Whose pitie knew that Famine , Plague , and Time , Are Enemies enough to humane life , None need ore-charge Death's Quiver with a crime . 47. To unfrequented Fields bear then your slain , Where neither Dirge nor Requiem shall be giv'n ; To those who by usurp'd Revenge disdain To take from Men , neglects they put on Heav'n . 48. But now the People's passions run too far ; Their untaught love , artless extreams does wed ; Of times they like the past , and since they are Opprest still by the living , love the Dead : 49. And now resolve these Rivals shall not lose The Rites of Sprinkling , Incense , Lights , and Song ; Then as the voice of all their Minds , they chuse An Oratour , of rude , but ready Tongue : 50. Who at the Temple Gate thus pleads aloud ! We know , though Priests are Pensioners of Heav'n , Your Flock which yields best rent , is this dull Croud ; The learn'd examine why their Fleece is giv'n . 51. Though by the Rich first shorn , to you they bear A second tribute , and by zeal support Temples which Kings for glory raise , and where The Rich for fame , the Learn'd as Spies resort . 52. Temples are yours , not God's lov'd Palaces , Where Off'rings make not his , but your own Feasts ; Where you most wisely live , because at ease , And entertain your Founders as your Guests : 53. With ease you take what we provide with care ; And we ( who your Legation must maintain ) Find all your Tribe in the Commission are ; And none but Heav'n could send so large a Train . 54. But being all Ambassadours from thence , The growing charge will soon exceed our rent , Unless you please to treat at his expence Who sent you ; not at ours , where you are sent . 55. The ancient Laws liv'd in the Peoples voice ; Rites you from Custom , not from Canon draw ; They are but fashions of a graver choice , Which yield to Laws , and now our voice is Law. 56. This Tybalt heard with sorrow and disdain , ( Who here with Hurgonil a Mourner came ) And strait the peacefull Fathers strives to gain , And thus the Peoples Oratour reclaim . 57. Most usefull Fathers ! some trace secret things Even to his Closet , who is hid in Heav'n ; Vainly as Nilus to his hidden springs , And not enjoy , but censure what is giv'n . 58. You with such temper their intemp'rance bear , To shew your solid science does rely So on it self , as you no trial fear ; For Arts are weak that are of Scepticks shie . 59. Though in your Office humane safety lies , Which opes that Hell the vicious vulgar fear , Yet never can the People Priesthood prise ; As if from Heav'n your daily errands were . 60. Not that your message , Truth they disesteem , Or think it comes from any other way , But that they Taxes hate , and Truth does seem Brought as a Tax , when they the Bringers pay . 61. Thus we to Beasts , fall from our noble kind , Making our Pastur'd Bodies all our care ; Allowing no subsistence to the Mind , For Truth we grudge her as a costly fare . 62. But if they fear ( since daily you renew Disputes ) your Oracles are doubtfull still As those of old ; yet more reward is due To pains , where so uneasie is the skill . 63. Or if no skill they think it , but suppose 'T is Faith ( & Faith ne'r thinks Heav'n's height too high Yet Faith 's so sev'ral be , that few are those Can chuse right wings , when they to Heav'n would flie . 64. Or if they think , Faith humane help transcends , And to your Science is so strict a bound As Death to Valour is , where daring ends ; And none are farthest in that Progress found ; 65. Yet in our walk to our last home design'd , 'T is safe by all the study'd Guides to go ; Lest we in death , too late , the knowledge find Of what in life 't was possible to know . 66. Your Pomp , by which your Pow'r in count'nance dures , Though costly , costs much less than Camps or Laws ; And more than both , Religion us secures ; Since Hell ( your Prison ) more than dying aws . 67. For though the plain Judge , Conscience , makes no show , But silently to her dark Session comes , Not as red Law does to arraignment go , Or War to Execution with loud Drums ; 68. Though she on Hills sets not her Gibbets high , Where frightfull Law sets hers ; nor bloody seems Like War in Colours spred , yet secretly She does her work , and many a Man condemns . 69. Chokes in the seed , what Law , till ripe , ne'r sees ; What Law would punish , Conscience can prevent ; And so the world from many Mischiefs ●●ees ; Known by her Cures , as Law by punishment . 70. The weaker sighted ever look too nigh ; But their disputes have made your Charter good ; As doubted Tenures , which long pleadings trie , Authentick grow by being much withstood . 71. These Chiefs , for whom we holy Rites desire , By well fought Fields begot this Cities peace ; Oft with their blood have quench'd intestine fire ; And oft our famines chang'd to glad excess . 72. Their Rites let not the people be de●iy'd , Though by untutor'd kindness rudely fought ; Nor think they have in private Comba● dy'd , Where Gondibert and mighty Oswald fought . 73. Both Princes of the Lombards royal blood ; For whom full Thrice Three Hundred number'd are , Whose anger strove to make their anger good ; Number gives strife th'authentick name of War. 74. This said , Wars cause these Priests no more debate , They knew , War's Justice none could ere decide ; At that more specious name they open strait , And sacred Rites of Fun'ral they provide . 75. How vain is Custom , and how guilty Pow'r ? Slaughter is lawfull made by the excess ; Earth's partial Laws , just Heav'n must needs abhor , Which greater crimes allow , and damn the less . CANTO the Second . The ARGUMENT . Fame's progress through Verona , when she brings Ill news enlarg'd , as her extended wings . The Combat's cause shakes ARIBERT'S great mind ; And the effects more conquers RHODALIND . Meek ORNA'S fears , proud GARTHA'S bold disdain ; And LAURA kindly dying for the Slain . 1. To Streets ( the Peoples Region ) early Fame First brought this grief , which all more tragick make ; And next , to the triumphant Court she came , Where prosp'rous Pow'r sleeps long , though Sutors wake ; 2. But yet the early King ( from Childhood bred To dangers , toyls , and courser wants of war ) Rose up to rule , and left soft Love in bed , Could conquer Lands and Love , but stoopt to Care. 3. Care , that in Cloysters onely seals her Eies , Which Youth thinks folly , Age as wisdom owns ; Fools by not knowing her , out live the wise ; She Visits Cities , but she dwells in Thrones . 4. Care , which King Aribert with Conquest gain'd , And is more sure to him than Realms intail'd ; Wak'd him to know why Rumor thus complain'd , Or who in battail bled , or who prevail'd ? 5. Young Hurgonil ( who does his wounds conceal , Yet knew it did his dutious care import That some just witness should his cause reveal ) Sent Tybalt to appease , and tast the Court. 6. To that proud Palace which once low did lie In Parian Quarries , now on Columes stands : Ionique Props that bear their Arches high , Which conquer'd treasure rais'd with Tuscan Hands . 7. So vast of heighth , to which such space did fit As if it were o're-cyz'd for Modern Men ; The ancient Giants might inhabit it ; And there walk free as winds that pass unseen , 8. The Monarch's wealth this shew'd in all the parts ; But the attendant Guards denote him wise ; Who on the weather of his Peoples hearts , For a short Course , not voyages , relies . 9. Through many Guards ( all watchful , calm , and bold ) Tybalt did pass the first magnifick Square ; And through ascents does enter to behold , Where the States Head and Eies assembled are . 10. There sa● the King , on whose consid'rate Brow Sixtie experienc'd Summers he discern'd , Which made him ripe , and all of Conduct know That from success is own'd , from losses learn'd . 11. Near him the Empire 's strict Surveyors sate ; whose universal fight no object lose ; Who see not crimes too soon , nor worth too late ; Find dangers seed , and choke it ere it grows . 12. He wealth nor birth preferr'd to Councels place ; For Counsel is for use , not ornament ; Souls are alike , of rich and ancient Race ; Though Bodies claim distinctions by descent . 13. Here boyling Youth , nor frozen Age can sit : It would in Subjects scorn of ruling Breed , If that great work should such small ayds admit , And make them hope that they no rulers need . 14. Nature too oft by birth-right does prefer Less perfect Monarchs to a busie Throne ; Yet more than her , Courts by weak Counc'lers err , In adding Cyphers where she made but one . 15. To this wise King , sage Tybalt did relate The Combats cause , with truth's severe extent ; Reveals that fire which kindl'd Oswald's hate : For which such precious valour was misspent . 16. Gives Gondibert a just record of praise ; First how unwilling , then how bold in fight ; And crowns the Conquer'd with the Victor's Baies , When Manhood bids him do their valour right : 17. At last recounts the wounded and the slain ; And how Prince Hubert and the Duke retir'd ; From nothing brave or great he did refrain , But his own deeds , which doing were admir'd . 18. This Arribert with outward patience hears , Though wounded by the cause for which they fought ; With mod'rate joy the death of Oswald bears ; Yet justly to extreams it inward wrought . 19. Tybalt he now with peacefull looks discharg'd ; And then his thoughts ( imprison'd in his breast ) He straight by libertie of Tongue inlarg'd ; Which thus unto his Councel he addrest . 20. With what a diff'rence Nature's pallate tasts The sweetest draught which Art provides her , Pow'r : Since Pow'r , Pride's Wine , but high in relish last Whilst fuming new , for Time does turn it sow'r ? 21. Yet Pow'r , Earth's tempting Fruit , Heav'n first did plant From Mans first Serpent safe , Ambition's reach ; Else Eden could not serve Ambition's want ; Whom no command can rule , nor precept teach . 22. Pow'r is that luscious wine , which does the bold , The wise , and noble most Intoxicate ; Ads time to Youth , and takes it from the Old ; Yet I by surfeit this Elixer hate . 23. I curse those Wars that make my glory last ; For which the Tuscan Widows curse me more ; T●e barren Fields where I in Arms did fast , That I might furfeit on Iuxurious pow'r . 24. Thou Hermegild , who art for valour Crown'd , For honour trusted , and for wisdom heard ; And you whom Counsel has no less renown'd , Observe how virtue against peace has err'd . 25. Still I have fought , as if in Beauty's sight , Out-suffer'd patience , bred in Captives Breasts ; Taught fasts , till Bodies like our Souls grew light ; Out-watch'd the jealous , and out-labour'd Beas●● . 26. These were my merits , my reward is Pow'r ; An outward Trifle , bought with inward peace ; Got in an Age , and rifled in an hour ; When feav'rish love , the People's Fit , shall cease . 27. For did not Pow'r on their frail love depend , Prince Oswald had not treated with that love ; Whose glory did in hastie darkness end ; A spark which vanish'd , as it upward strove . 28. By scorn of dangers and of ease , he sought ▪ The Lombards hearts , my Rhodalind , and Crown ; And much his youth had by his practice wrought , Had Gondibert not levell'd his renown : 29. Had Gondibert not staid the Peoples Eyes ( Whose virtue stept 'twixt Oswald and their sight ) Who knows but Rhodalind had been his Prise , Or war must have secur'd Paternal right . 30. Sad and uneasie is a long-kept Throne ; Not that the People think long pow'r unjust , But that for change , they wish best Monarchs gone ; Fond change , the People's soon repented lust ! 31. I did advance ( though with some jealous pain ) A forward virtue to my subjects love ; Lest one less temp'rat should their favour gain ; Whom their unstudy'd choice would more approve . 32. To thee sage Hermegild my self I leave , My fame and pow'r : Thee action cannot waste ; Caution retard , nor promptitude deceave ; Slowness belate , nor Hope drive on too fast . 33. Think Hubert Heir to Oswald's bold pretence ; To whom the Camp at Brescia is inclin'd ; The Duke at Bergamo will seek defence ; And these are seeds of war for Rhodalind . 34. This said , his Councel he dismiss'd , who spy'd A growing rage , which he would fain conceal ; They durst but nicely search , what he would hide , Lest they inflame the wound that else might heal . 35. They haste to sev'ral Cares , some to allay Court's hectick Feaver , Faction ( which does reign Where Luxury , the Syre of Want , does sway ) Some to appease th' Alliance of the slain . 36. But Order now bids us again pursue Th' unweary'd Motion of unhappie Fame ; From Fields to Streets , from Streets to Court she flew ; Where first she to the Kings Apartment came . 37. Thence through the Palace she her wings did air ; And as her Wings , her Tongue too never ceas'd ; Like restless Swallows in an Evening fair : At last does on a peacefull dwelling rest . 38. Where Sleep does yet that gentle Sex possess , Who ne'r should more of Care 's rude wakings know , But what may help sad Lovers to success ; Or imp Loves wings when Hymen thinks them slow . 39. There Lovers seek the Royal Rhodalind ; Whose secret breast was sick for Gondibert ; And Orna , who had more in publick pin'd For Hurgonil , the Monarch of her heart . 40. And there the killing Laura did reside ; See , of whose Eyes the Lombard Youth Complain ; Yet often she for noble Arnold di'd ; And knew not now her Murderer was slain . 41. Nor Hugo , who was all with love indu'd ; Whom still with tears the Lombard Ladies name ; Esteeming Modern Lovers false , and rude , And Poets falser when they sing their fame . 42. These Beauties ( who could soften Tyrant Kings ) Sleep now conceal'd within there Curtains shade ; Till rudely Fame , by shaking loud her wings Disturb'd their Eyes , and their wak'd hearts dismay'd . 43. They heard in parcels by imperfect sound , A tale too dismal to be understood ; That all their Lovers lay in hallow'd ground ; Temples their Bodies hid , the Fields their bloud . 44. That this dire Morn to sad Verona brought The Duke and Oswald , of lov'd life depriv'd ; And that of all who their fierce battel fought , Onely the mangled Hurgonil surviv'd . 45. This Tale , Fam's course , officious Friends convey'd , ( Which are attendant Slaves , and Palace Grooms ) Who by the Lover of some busie Maid , From outward Courts sent it to inward Rooms . 46. Such horrour brought , where love had onely us'd , Did yet breed more amazement than belief ; Whilst Orna now , and Laura flie confus'd To R●odalind , Truth 's Altar , for relief . 47. There with disorder'd voyces they compare , And then derive what each has loosly learn'd ; Each hope applies , where others most despair ; As doubting all but where her self's concern'd . 48. This weeping conf'rence had not lasted long , When Tybalt , free from Aribert's commands , Scapes the assembling Court 's inquiring Throng , And enters here ; where first he doubtfull stands . 49. For Pitie , when he ruin'd Laura spi'de . Bids his discretion artfully complain ; And shew far off , what Truth not long can hide : Death at a distance seen , may ease fears pain . 50. Their bus'ness now he can no more forbear ; For who on their urg'd patience can prevail , Whose expectation is provok'd with fear ? He therefore thus their patience did assail . 51. Kind Heav'n that gave you virtue , give you peace ; Delightfull as your Beauties be your Minds ; Still may your Lovers your renown increase , Though he who honour seeks , first danger finds ! 52 Still may your beauty bear that ancient rate , Which beautie was chaste Honours Merchandice ; When Valor was chief Factor in Love's State ; Danger , Love's stamp , and Beautie 's currant price . 53. Renown'd be Oswald , who in high belief Of Rhodalind , her love with danger sought ; In Love's Records be Gondibert the chief , Who for her right , not for his own has sought . 54. Though these for mighty minds deserve Fame's voice ; Yet Orna needs must boast of Hurgonil ; Whose dangers well have justifi'd her choice , And might alone Fame's publick Trumpet fill . 55. Enlarg'd be Honor's Throne , that Arnold there And Hugo may for ever sit and rest , Free from their Valor 's toyls , and Laura's fear ; Which more than wounds disorder'd eithers Breast . 56. This said , he paws'd ; finds each distrusts his art ; For Hope and Doubt came and return'd apace , In chang'd Complexion from th' uncertain heart , Like frighted Scowts for Tidings to the Face . 57. His Eie seem'd most imploy'd on Rhodalind ; Whose love above her bashful caution sways ; For naming Gondibert , he soon did find , Her secret Soul shew'd pleasure at his praise . 58. Yet when she found her comforts did not last , And that as Oracles , the future taught He hid Truth 's Face , and darkned what was past ; Thus Truth through all her mourning Vails she sought . 59. Why in these Ladies do you lengthen pain , By giving them Grief 's common med'cin , Doubt ? Ease those with death , whose Lovers now are slain ; Life's fire a Feaver is , when Love's is out . 60. Yet think not that my cares peculiar are ; Perhaps I from religious pitie learn'd , In Virtue 's publick loss to take some share ; For there , all but the vicious are concern'd . 61. Your Prudence , Royal Maid ( he straight replies ) More than your birth , may claim the Lombards Crown ; Who'ere in conquest of your favour dies ; For life's lost Inch , shall find a long renown . 62. Then happy Oswald who is sure to gain , Even by Ambition that undoes the wise ; Great was th' attempt for which he 's nobly slain ; And gets him praise , though he has mist the Prize . 63. But happier Gondibert , who does survive To beg your Mercy , that he thus hath dar'd To own that cause , for which the world might strive ; And conq'ring , takes his wounds for his reward . 64. Be Hurgonil long distant from his Grave , Whose life was so important in this cause ; Who for each wound he took , a wider gave , And live●t ' enjoy the pleasure of applause . 65. To say , how Hugo and Lord Arnold strove For victory , and mention their event , Were to provide such fun'ral rites for Love , As Death would be closs Mourner , and repent . 66. Now Laura's blood back to her liv●● fled ; True Beautie 's Mint : For by her Heart L●ve's Throne , Beautie 's call'd in , like Coyn , when Kings are dead As if not currant , now her Lover's gone . 67. And like her beauty , she had darkned life ▪ But that with sprinkled water they restore ▪ ( By sudden cold , with sudden heat a●strife ) Her spirits to those walks they us'd before . 68. She Arnold calls , then lost that ●●●e again , Which Rhodalind , and Orna's tears ●e●one , Who busily would her spent strength sustain , Though Hope has scarcely yet brought back their own . 69. Now they her Temples chaf'd , and straight prepare Hot Eastern Fumes to reach her Brains cool'd sence ▪ With Wine 's ●●erce spirits these extracted are , Which warm but slowly , though of swift expence . 70. Yet now again she breath'd Lord Arnold's name , Which her apt Tongue through custom best exprest ; Then to stay Life , that so unwilling came , With Cordial Epithems they bath'd her breast . 71. Th' attendant Maids , by Tyhalt's ready aid , To stop her Mourners tears , convey her now Where she may ease in her own Curtain 's shade Her weary heart , and grief more Tongue allow . 72. No sooner was this pity'd Laura gone , But Oswald's sister , Gartha the renown'd ▪ Enters , as if the world were overthrown , Or in the tears of the afflicted drown'd . 73. Unconquer'd as her beauty was her mind ; Which wanted not a spark of Oswald's fire ▪ Ambition lov'd , but ne'r to Love was kind ▪ Vex'd Thrones did more than quiet shades desire . 74. Her Garments now in loose neglect she wore , As sured to her wild dis-shevell'd hair ; Men in her shape might Nature's work adore , Yet ask , why Art 's nice dress was absent there ? 75. But soon they found what made this change appear ; For meeting Truth , which slowly follows Fame , Rage would not give her leasure for a Tear To quench ( ere he thus spake ) her passions flame . 76. Blasted be all your beauties Rhodalind , Till you a shame , and terrour be to light ; Unwing'd be Love , and slow as he is blind , Who with your Looks poyson'd my Brothers sight ! 77. Low and neglected be your Father's Throne , Which like your beauty , Oswald did ore-rate ; Let luckless war take Lands from his light Crown , Till those high cares he want that give it weight ! 78. Let Pow'rs consumption be his long disease , ( Heav'ns vexing curb , which makes wild Monarchs ●am ) And be he forc'd in froward age to please His Favour 's Monster , who devours his Fame . 79. May you soon feel ( though secret in your love , As if your love were Sin ) the publick scorn ! May Gondibert , who is your glory , move Your pitie , when none else but you shall mourn ! 80. To the dark Inn ( where weary Valour , free From thankless dangers rests ) brave Oswald's gone ! But Hubert may , though vanquish'd , live to see Your Victor with his victory undone ! 81. This said , she mounts ( with a tempestuous Brow ) The Chariot her Calabrian Coursers drew ; Lifted by Slaves ( who still about her bow ) As if with wings of swift Revenge she flew . 82. To Brescia's Camp her course she had design'd ; And bids her Tuscan Cha●●ioter drive on , As if his Steeds were dieted with wind ! Slow seems their speed whose thoughts before them 〈◊〉 83. The pav'd Streets kindle with her Chariot wheels ! The Omen of wars fire the Citie spies , Which with those sparks struck by her Coursers heels , Shine not so much as rage does in her Eyes . 84. Those that observ'd her anger , grief , and haste , With ancient Roman melancholy mourn ; She seem'd their Cities Genius as she pass'd , Who by their Sins expell'd , would ne'r return . 85. The gentle Ladies , she has left in tears , Who no example need , nor cause to melt ; For soon even grief's Alarms , our foremost tears , Kill those whose pain by Love's quick sence is felt . 86. And Rhodalind her fatal love does blame , Because she finds it now by Gartha spy'd ; And does lament Love's fire , which bashfull shame Cannotreveal , nor her discretion hide . 87. She would not have it waste , nor publick grow , But last conceal'd like that in Tullia's Urn ; Or that which prosp'rous Chymists nicely show ; Which as it thrives , must more in private burn . 88. Yet straight ( grown valiant with her Victors fate ) She would have Hymen hold his Torches high ; And Love's fire priz'd , as Vestals theirs did rate ; Which none durst quench , though free to ev'ry eye . 89. Resolves her love whilst this new valour lasts , Shall undisguis'd her Father's sight endure ; And Orna now to her dear Lover hastes ; Whose outward wounds stay for her inward cure . 90. But here a wonder may arrest our thought , Why Tybalt ( of his usual pity void ) To such sost Ears these direfull sorrows brought , Since to the King he onely was employ'd ? 91. But these are Ridles of mysterious Love ! Tybalt in private long for Laura pin'd ; And try'd how Arnold would her passion move In death , who living ever fill'd her mind ? 92. And by this trial how she Arnold us'd , He gravely meant to urge or stay his heart ; But much by Love the Cautions are abus'd , Who his wild Ridles would reduce to Art. CANTO the Third . The ARGUMENT . Dead OSWALD to his Camp by HUBERT brought ; The Camp from pitie , are to furie wrought ; Yet find , when GARTHA's looks does them surprise , Their forward Hands diverted by their Eyes : Till with her voice new urg'd , they deeds pursue Which ever Revenge would , had it Eyes , eschew . 1. WHen from the fatal Forrest Hubert rode , To Brescia he and Borgie bent their way ; That their , though dead , yet much important Load , They might with horrour to the Camp convay . 2. Revenge , impatient Hubert proudly sought ▪ Revenge , which even when just the wise deride ; For on past wrongs we spend our time and thought , Which scarce against the future can provide . 3. But Fame before him came , where those are b●ed Who to her dismal Tales , faint eredit give ; Who could not think their mighty Oswald dead , VVhilst they unconquer'd and unwounded live ▪ 4. Nor could Fame hope to make this Camp her Seat ; Her Tales , the talking , idle , fearfull , hear ; But these are silent as in sto●n retreat , Busie as life , and like the Dead , past fear . 5. Near Mela's flowry Bank this Army lay , VVhich Oswald's Syre , and Oswald oft had led Against the Vandals King ; and twice the Day They gain'd , whilst he from them and Empire fled . 6. From Youth expos'd , like 〈◊〉 in the Field ; And not taught war ●●th , as Citie Infants are ; But colds and ●asts , to kill or to be kill'd ; Like th' Elements their birth began with war. 7. So rev'rend now , and strong in age appear , As if maintain'd by more than humane breath ; So grave , as if the Councellours they were ▪ Not Executioners of Tyrant Death . 8. VVith silence ( order's help , and mark of ca●● ) They chid that noise which ●eedless youth effect ; Still course for use , for health they cleanty were , And save in well fix'd Arms , all niceness check'd . 9. They thought , those that unarm'd expos'd f●all life ; But naked Nature valiantly betrai'd ; VVho was , though naked , safe , till pride made strife ; But made defence must use , now dangers made . 10. And those who toyl of Armour cannot bide , Lose Nature's force , which these in custom find ; And make ( since strength 's but Nature hou●ly try'd ) The Body weak by softness of the Mind . 11. They seem'd so calm , and with their age so grave , So just and civil in their killing trade , As if all life were crime but what they save ; Or Murder were by method lawfull made . 12. Yet now that Manhood which those Victors makes ( So weak is Man , where most he may be proud ) Pitie , the tender'st of affections , shakes , And they become from order , loose , and loud . 13. For when they saw the Brother of their Chief Led to their Camp by a defeated Train , They soon , too late scorn'd Rumour , gave belief , And then by Hubert's wounds thought Oswald slain . 14. But when disguis'd in death they Oswald saw , In a slow Chariot brought , with fun'ral pace ; Themselves in an united Croud they draw ; And give all grief one universal Face . 15. Wonder ( which grows unactive by excess ) A while did their unruly passion stay ; The object lasting made their wonder less , Which fled to give their grief and anger way . 16. Yet first their grief ( which Manhood should restrain ) They vent in womens sighs , with tears allay'd ; As if those women taught them to complain Who by their Swords are weeping widows made . 17. As Icie Rocks which frosts together bind , Stand silent , till as silently they melt , But when they meet in Currents unconfin'd , Swell , and grow loud , as if they freedom felt ; 18. So these , unmov'd before , melt quietly In their first grief , till grief ( when tears meet tears , And sighs meet sighs from ev'ry Breast and Eye ) Unruly grows , and danger's visage bears . 19. When hastily they heard by whose dire hand Their Gen'ral fell , they think it cold to pause Till anger may be guided by command ; And vain to ask of cureless Death the cause . 20. Some would to Bergamo their Ensignes bear , Against those Youth which Gondibert had led ; Whom they in sacrifice would offer there , T' appease the living , and revenge the dead . 21. And some ( to shew their rage more eminent ( VVould to Verona march , and there do deeds Should make the shining Court in blacks lament , And weep , whilst the Victorious Faction bleeds . 22. Hubert ( who saw Revenge advance so fast , VVhilst Prudence , ●lower pac'd was left behind ) VVould keep their anger bent , yet slack their haste ; Because the rash fall oftner then the blind . 23. He first their melting Pity kindly prais'd , VVhich water'd Anger 's forge , and urg'd their fire ; That like to Meteors lasts by being rais'd , But when it first does sink , does strait expire . 24 Commends their anger , yet that flame he prays May keep the temp'rate Chymicks equal heat ; That they in surie might not need allays , Nor charge so rashly as to want retreat . 25. Begs they this dismal night would there remain , And make the hopeful Morn their Guid ; whilst Grief ( Which high Revenge , as tameness should disdain ) Sleep shall conceal , and give his wounds relief . 26 He Vasco , Paradine , and Dargonet , VVith Oswald , to the red Pavilion sent ; ( Death's equal Pris'ners now for Nature's debt ) And then retires with Borgio to his sent . 27 This is the night the Brescians so bemoan'd ; Who left their beds , and on then walls appear'd ; As if th' oppressed World in Earth-quakes groan'd , Or that some ruin'd Nation 's figh● they heard ; 28. Admir'd what in that Damp such griefs could raise , Where serious Death so oft had been abus'd , When even their sportive Fencers Monthly Plays Profan'd that shape , which States for terror us'd . 29 Yet this loud mourning will no wonder breed , When we with life lay Oswald's errors by , And use him as the Living use the Dead ; Who first allow men virtue when they die . 30. Still lib'ral of his life , of wealth as free ; By which he chief in fighting Crowds became ; Who must their Leaders Va●ors often see ; And follow them for bounty more than fame . 31. This gen'ral mourning was to loudness rais'd , By shewing Gifts he gave , and wounds he took ; They chid at last his life which they had prais'd , Because such virtue it so soon forsook . 32. Now Night , by Grief neglected , hastes away ! And they the Morn's officious Usher spie , The closs Attendant on the Lord of Day ; Who shows the warmer of the World is nigh . 33 And now the Drums , the Camps low Thunder , make War's thick united noise from ev'ry Guard ; Though they Reveillees scorn , whom grief does wake , And sleep , think Nature's curse , not toyls reward . 44. All night proud Borgio ( chief in Hubert's trust ) With haughtie hopes , the Camp does waking keep : Ambition is more vigilant than Lust , And in hope 's feaver is too hot to sleep . 45. Now Day , and Hubert haste to publick view ; His wounds ( unluckie more than dangerous ) Are so refresh'd , that he the Army drew To a wide gross , and urg'd their Anger thus . 46. Friends to my Father ! In whose wounds I see They envy'd Merit whence his triumphs came ; And Fathers to my Brother , and to me ; For onely you adopted us to Fame ! 47. Forgive me that I there have ●eebly ●ought , Where Oswald in your cause did nobly strive ; Whence of his bloud these veins so much have brought , As makes me blush that I am still alive ! 48. Gone is your fighting Youth , whom you have bred From milkie Childhood to the years of bloud ! By whom you joy'd so often to be led , Where firm , as now your Trophies , then you stood ! 49. Gon is he now , who still with low regard Bow'd to your age , your wounds as beautie kist ; Knew Age was of your temp'rance the reward ; And Courts in beauty by your skars subsist . 50. Yet was he not for mean pretensions slain , Who for your int'rest , not his own has fought ; Vex'd that the Empire which your wounds did gain , Was by a young unwounded Army sought ! 41. For Gondibert ( to whom the Court must bow , Now War is with your Fav'rite overthrown ) Will by his Camp of Boys at Bergamo , Wed her , who to your Valour ows the Crown . 42. Blame not your Chief for his ambitious fire ; Who was but temp'rate , when he understood He might the Empire in your right require ; The scant reward of your exhausted bloud . 43. Thus Hubert spake , but now so fierce they grow , That Borgio strove to quench whom Hubert warm'd ; To Bergamo , they cry'd , to Bergamo ! And as they soon were vex'd , as soon are arm'd . 44. For to distinct and spacions Tents they hie , Where quick as Vests of Persia shifted are , Their Arms ( which there in cleanly order lie ) They take from moving Ward-robes of the War. 45. Arm'd soon as Porquipins ! as if like those , Their very rage them with defence supplies ; As born with it , and must have winged Foes That stoop from Heav'n to harm them by surprise . 46. With Ensigns now display'd , there Force they draw To hastie order , and begin to move ; But are amus'd by something that they saw , Which look'd like all that ere they heard of Love. 47. Unusual to their Camp such objects were , Yet this no ill effect from wonder wrought ; For it appeas'd them by approching near , And satisfi'd their Eyes in all they sought . 48. And this was Gartha in her Chari'ot drawn ; Who through the swarthie Region of the Night Drove from the Court ; and as a second dawn Breaks on them like the Morns Reserve of Light. 49. Through all the Camp she moves with Fun'ral pace , And still bows meekly down to all she saw ; Her grief gave speaking beautie to her Face , Which lowly look'd , that it might pitie draw . 50. When by her Slaves her name they understood , Her Lines of feature heedfully they view , In her complexion track their Gen'ral's bloud , And find her more than what by fame they knew . 51. They humbly her to that Pavilion guide , Where Hubert his bold Chiefs with furie fir'd ; But his ambition , when he Gartha spy'd ( To give his sorrow place ) a while retyr'd . 52. With his respectfull help she does descend ; Where they , with dear imbraces mingle Tears , But now her Male Revenge would grief suspend ; Revenge , through Grief , too feminine appears . 53. But when her dear Allies , dead Paradine , And Dargonet she saw : that Manliness Which her weak Sex assum'd , she does decline ; As bred too soft , to mannage griefs excess . 54. Then soon return'd , as loth to shew her Eyes No more of Oswald than she must forsake ; But sorrow's moisture heat of anger dries ; And mounted in her Chariot , thus she spake : 55. If you are those of whom I oft have heard My Father boast , and that have Oswald bred ; Ah , where is now that rage our Tyrant fear'd ; Whose Darling is alive , though yours be dead ? 56. The Court shines out at Rhodalind's commands , To me ( your drooping Flowre ) no beam can spare ; Where Oswald's name new planted by your hands , Withers , as if it lost the planters care . 57. From Rhodalind I thus disorder'd flie ; Lest she should say , thy Fate unpity'd comes ! Go sing , where now thy Fathers Fighters lie , Thy Brothers Requiem , to their conqu'ring Drums ! 58. The happy Fields by those grave Warriours fought , ( Which from the Dictates of thy aged Syre , Oswald in high Victorious Numbers wrote ) Thou shalt no more sing to thy silenc'd Lyre ! 59. Such scorns , pow'r on unlucky virtue throws , When Courts with prosp'rous vices wanton are ; Who your Authentick age dispise for those , Who are to you but Infants of the war. 60. Thus though she spake , her looks did more perswade ; Like virtuous anger did her colour rise , As if th' injurious world it would invade , Whilst tears of rage not pitie drown her Eyes . 61. The sun did thus to threatned Nature show His anger red , whilst guilt look'd pale in all ; When Clouds of Flouds did hang about his Brow , And then shrunk back to let that anger fall . 62. And so she turn'd her Face , not as to grieve At ruin , but to lisence what she rais'd ; Whilst they ( like common Throngs ) all Tongues believe When Courts are tax'd , but none when they are prais'd . 63. Like Commets , Courts afflict the Vulgar Eye ; And when they largest in their glory blaze , People through ignorance think plag●es are nigh , And till they waste with mourning wonder gaze . 64. These scorn the Courts dissertion for their age ; The Active , ease impos'd , like pain endure ▪ For though calm rest does Ages pains asswage , Yet few the sickness own to get the cure . 65. To Heav'n they lift their looks ! whose Sun ne'r saw Rage so agreed , as now he does behold ; Their shining swords all at an instant draw , And bade him judge next day if they were old ! 66. And of Verona wish'd him take his leave ; Which ere his third return they will destroy , Till none shall guess by ruins where to grieve , No more than Phrygians where to weep for Troy. 67. Thus Bergamo is soon forgot , whilst all Aloud , Verona cry ! Verona must ( That reach'd the Clouds ) low as her Quaries fall ! They Court they 'l bury in the Cities dust . CANTO the Fourth . The ARGUMENT . At OSWALD'S Camp arrives wise HER MEGILD , Whose presence does a new diversion yield ; In Councel he reveals his secret Breast ▪ Would mingle Love with Empires interest : From rash revenge , 〈◊〉 ●●●c● the Camp invites , Who ▪ OSWALD'S Fun'ral grace with Roman Rites . 1. IN this distemper whilst the humours strive T' assemble , they again diverted are ; For tow'rds their Trenches Twentie Chariots drive , Swiftly as Syrians when they charge in war. 2. They Hermegild with Court attendants spy'd ; Whose haste to Hubert does advice intend ; To warn him that just Fate can ne'r provide For rash beginnings a succesfull end . 3. But fate for Hermegild provided well ; This Story else ( which him the wise does call ) Would here his private ruin sadly tell , In hastning to prevent the publick Fall. 4. His noble bloud obscurely had been shed , His undistinguish'd Limbs torn and unknown , As is the dust of Victors long since dead , Which March in April's watry Eyes has blown . 5. Such was their rage when on Verona's way ( With his rich Train ) they saw from Court he came ; Till some did their impetuous furie stay ; And gave his life protection for his fame , 6. Told them his Valour had been long allow'd , That much the Lombards to his conduct ow ; And this preserv'd him , for the very Crowd Felt Honour here , and did to valour bow . 7. Vain Wrath ! Deform'd , unquiet Child of Pride ! Which in a few the People madness call ; But when by Number they grew dignify'd , What 's rage in one , is liberty in all . 8. Through dangers of this lawless liberty , He like authentick Pow'r does boldly pass ; And with a quiet and experienc'd Eye , Through Death's foul Vizard , does despise his face . 9. At Hubert's Tent alights , where Hubert now With Gartha of this Torrent does advise ; Which he believes does at the highest flow , And must like Tides , sink when it cannot rise . 10. When Hermegild he saw , he did disperse Those cares assembled in his looks , and strove ( Though to his Master , and the Court perverse ) To shew him all the civil signs of Love. 11. For him in stormy war he glorious knew ; Nor in calm Counsels was he less renown'd ; And held him now to Oswald's Faction true , As by his love , the world's first Tenure , bound . 12. For he ( though wasted in the ebb of blood , When Man's Meridian tow'rds his Evening turns ) Makes against Nature's Law , Lov 's Charter good , And as in raging Youth for Gartha burns . 13. Who did his suit not onely disapprove , Because the summer of his life was past ▪ And she fresh blown ; but that even highest love Grows tasteless to Ambition's higher taste . 14. Yet now in such a great and single cause , With nice Ambition , nicer Loves complies ; And she ( since to revenge he usefull was ) Perswades his hope with Rhet'rick of her Eyes . 15. A closs division of the Tent they straight By outward Guards secure from all resort ; Then Hermegild does thus the cause relate , Which to the Camp dispatch'd him from the Court. 16. Important Prince ! who justly dost succeed To Oswald's hopes , and all my loyal aid ; Virtue as much in all thy wounds does bleed , As love in me , since wounded by that Maid . 17. Long have I sayl'd through Times vexatious sea ; And first set out with all that Youth is worth ; The Tropicks pass'd of bloods hot bravery , With all the Sayls , gay Flags , and Streamers forth ! 18. But as in hotter voyages , Ships most Decay their trim , yet then they chiefly gain By inward stowage , what is outward lost ; So Men , decays of youth , repair in brain . 19. If I experience boast when youth decays , Such vanity may Gartha's pitie move , Since so I seek your service by self-praise , Rather than seem unusefull where I love . 20. And never will I ( though by Time supply'd With such discretion as does Man improve ) To shew discretion , wiser Nature hide , By seeming now asham'd to say I love . 21. For Love his pow'r has in grey Senates shown , Where he , as to green Courts , does freely come ▪ And though loud youth , his visits makes more known , With graver Age he 's poivately at home . 22. Scarce Oreece , or greater Rome a Victor shows , Whom more victorious Love did not subdue ; Then blame not me who am so weak to those ; Whilst Gartha all exceeds , that ere they knew . 23. Hope ( Love's first food ) I ne'r till now did know ; Which Love , as yet but temp'rately devours , And claims not love for love , since Gartha so For Autumn Leaves , should barter Summer Flowers . 24. I dare not vainly wish her to be kind , Till for her love , my Ar●s and Pow'r bestow The Crown on thee , ●dor●'d with Rhodalind ; Which yet for Gartha is a price too low . 25. This said , he paws'd ; and now the hectick heat Of Oswald's blood , doubled their Pul●es pace ; Which high , as if they would be heard , did beat , And hot Ambition shin'd in eithers face . 26. For Hermegild they knew could much out-doe His words , and did possess great Aribert , Not in the Courts cheap Glass of civil show , But by a study'd Tenure of the heart . 27. Whilst this try'd truth does make their wishes sure , Hubert on Gartha looks , with suing Eyes For Hermegild , whose love she will endure , And make Ambition yield what Youth denies . 28. Yet in this bargain of her self , she knows Not how to treat ; but all her chief desires , Bids Hubert , as the Twins of his , dispose To glory and revenge ; and then retires . 29. But with such blushes Hermegild she leaves , As the unclouded Evening's Face adorn ; Nor much he for her parting glory grieves , Since such an Evening bodes a happy Morn . 30. Now Hermegild by vows does Hubert binde , ( Vows by their fate in Lombard Story known ) He Gartha makes the price of Rhodalind , And Aribert his Tenant to the Crown . 31. He bids him now the Armies rage allay ; By rage ( said he ) onely they Masters are Of those they chuse , when temp'rate to obay : Against themselves th'impatient chiefly war. 32. We are the Peoples Pilots , they our winds ; To change by Nature prone ; but Art Laveers , And rules them till they rise with Stormy Minds ; Then Art with danger against Nature Steers . 33. Where calms have first amuz'd , Storms most prevail ; Close first with calms the Courts suspicious Eyes ; That whilst with all their ●rim they sleeping sail , A sudden Gust may wrack them by surprize . 34. Your Army will ( though high in all esteem That ever rev'renc'd Age to action gave ) But a small Party to Verona seem ; Which yearly to such Numbers yields a Grave . 35. Nor is our vast Metropolis , like those Tame Towns , which peace has soft'ned into fears ; But Death deform'd in all his Dangers knows ; Dangers , which he like frightfull Vizards wears . 36. From many Camps , who forreign winters felt , Verona has her conqu'ring Dwellers ta'ne ; In War's great Trade , with richest Nations dealt ; And did their Gold and Fame with Iron gain . 37. Yet to the mighty Aribert it bows ; A King out-doing all the Lombards Line ! Whose Court ( in Iron clad ) by courseness shows A growing pow'r , which fades when Courts grow fine . 38. Scorn not the Youthfull Camp at Bergamo , For they are Victors , though in years but young ; The war does them , they it by action know , And have obedient Minds in bodies strong . 39. Be slow , and stay for aids , which haste forsakes ! For though Occasion still does Sloth out-go , The rash , who run from help , she ne'r ore-takes , Whose haste thinks Time , the Post of Nature , slow . 40. This is a cause which our Ambition fills ; A cause , in which our strength we should not waste , Vainly like Giants , who did heave at Hills ; 'T is too unwildy for the force of haste . 41. A cause for graver Minds that learned are In mistick Man ; a cause , which we must gain By surer methods than depend on war ; And respite Valour , to employ the brain . 42. In the King's Scale your merits are too light , Who with the Duke , weighs his own partial heart ; Make then the gift of Empire publick right , And get in Rhodalind the Peoples part . 43. But this rough side , the meeting Multitude If we oppose , we make our voyage long ; Yet when we with it row , it is subdu'd ; And we are wise , where Men in vain are strong . 44. Then to the People sue , but hide your force , For they believe the strong are still unjust ; Never to armed Sutors yield remorse ; And where they see the pow'r , the right distrust . 45. Assault their pitie , as the weakest part , Which the first Plaintiff never fails to move ; They search but in the face to find the heart , And grief in Princes , more than triumph , love . 46. And to prepare their pitie , Gartha now Should in her sorrows height with me return ; For since their Eyes at all distresses flow , How will they at afflicted beauty mourn ? 47. Much such a pledge of Peace will with the King ( Urg'd by my int'rest here ) my pow'r improve ; And much my power will to your int'rest bring , If from the watchfull Court you hide my Love. 48. If Gartha deigns to love , our love must grow Unseen , like Mandrakes weeded under ground ; That I ( still seeming unconcern'd ) may know The Kings new depths , which length of trust may sound ! 49. Thus Hermegild his study'd thoughts declar'd ; Whilst Hubert ( who believ'd , discover'd love . A solid Pledge for hidden faith ) prepar'd ▪ To stay the Camp so furious to remove . 50. And now their rage ( by correspondence spred ) Borgio allays , that else like sparks of fire ( Which drops at first might drown ) by matter fed , At last to quench the flame may seas require . 51. As with the Sun they rose in wrath , their wrath So with his heat increas'd ; but now he hastes Down Heav'ns steep Hill , to his Atlantick Bath , Where he refreshes till his Feaver wastes . 52. With his ( by Borgin's help ) their heat declin'd ; So soon lov'd Eloquence does Throngs fubdue ; The common Mistress to each private Mind ; Painted and dress'd to all , to no Man true . 53. To Court his Gartha Hermegild attends , And with old Lovers vain poetick Eyes , Marks how her beauty , when the Sun descends , His pity'd Evening poverty supplies . 54. The Army now to Neighb'ring Brescia bear , With dismal pomp , the slain : In hallow'd ground They Paradine , and Dargonet interr , And Vasco much in painfull war renown'd . 55. To Oswald ( whose illustrious Roman mind Shin'd out in life , though now in dying hid ) Hubert these Roman fun'ral rites assign'd , Which yet the world's last law had not forbid . 56. Thrice is his Body clean by bathing made , And when with Victor's Oyl anointed ore , 'T is in the Palace Gate devoutly laid , Clad in that Vest which he in Battel wore . 57. Whilst seven succeeding Suns pass sadly by , The Palace seems all hid in Cypress Boughs ; From ancient Lore of Man's mortalitie The Type , for where 't is lopp'd it never grows . 58. The publick fun'ral voice , till these expire , Cries out ; Here greatness , tir'd with honour , rests ! Come see what Bodies are , when Souls retire ; And visit death , ere you become his Guests ! 59. Now on a purple Bed the Corps they raise , Whilst Trumpets summon all the common Quire In tune to mourn him , and disperse his praise ; And then move slowly tow'rds the Fun'ral fire ! 60. They bear before him Spoils they gain'd in war , And his great Ancestours in Sculpture wrought ; And now arrive , where Hubert does declare How oft and well , he for the Lombards fought . 61. Here , in an Altar's form , a Pile is made Of Unctious Fir , and Sleepers fatal Yew ; On which the Body is by Mourners laid , Who there sweet Gums ( their last kind Tribute threw . ) 62. Hubert his Arm , Westward , aversly stretch'd ; Whilst to the hopefull East his Eyes were turn'd ; And with a hallow'd Torch the Pyle he reach'd ; VVhich seen , they all with utmost clamour mourn'd . 63. VVhilst the full Flame aspires , Oswald ( they crie ) Farewell ! we follow swiftly as the Hours ! For with Time's wings , tow'rds Death , even Cripples flie ! This said , the hungrie Flame its food devours . 64. Now Priests with VVine the Ashes quench , and hide The Rev'renc'd Reliques in a Marble Urn. The old dismissive Ilicet is cry'd By the Town voice , and all to Feasts return . 65. Thus Urns may Bodies shew ; but the fled Mind The Learn'd seek vainly ; for whose Quest we pay , VVith such success as cosen'd Shepherds find , VVho seek to VVizards when their Cattel stray . CANTO the Fifth . The ARGUMENT . The house of ASTRAGON ; where in distress Of Nature , GONDIBERT , for Art's redress Was by old ULFIN brought : where Arts hard strife , In studying Nature for the ayd of Life , Is by full wealth and conduct easie made ; And Truth much visited , though in her shade . 1. FRom Brescia swiftly ore the bord'ring Plain , Return we to the House of Astragon ; Where Gondibert , and his succesfull Train , Kindly lament the Victorie they won . 2. But though I Fame's great Book shall open now , Expect a while , till she that Decad reads , Which does this Dukes eternal Story show , And aged Ulfin cites for special deeds . 3. Where Friendship is renown'd in Ulfinore ; Where th' ancient musick of delightfull verse ; Does it no less in Goltho's Breast adore , And th' union of their equal hearts rehearse . 4. These wearie Victors the descending Sun Led hither , where swift Night did them surprise ; And where , for vatiant toils , wise Astragon , With sweet rewards of sleep , did fill their Eyes . 5. When to the need●e World Day did appear , And freely op'd her Treasurie of light , His house ( where Art and Nature Tenants were ) The pleasure grew , and bus'ness of their sight . 6. Where Ulfin ( who an old Domestick seems , And rules as Master in the Owners Breast ) Leads Goltho to admire what he esteems ; And thus , what he had long observ'd , exprest . 7. Here Art by such a diligence is serv'd , As does th' unwearied Planets imitate ; Whose motion ( life of Nature ) has preserv'd The world , which God vouchsaf'd but to create . 8. Those heights , which else Dwarf-life could never reach , Here by the wings of Diligence they climb ; Truth ( skar'd with Terms frō Canting Schools ) they teach ; And buy it with their best sav'd Treasure , Time. 9. Here all Men seem Recov'rers of time past ; As busie as intentive Emmets are ; As alarm'd Armies that intrench in haste ; Or Cities , whom unlook'd-for Sieges skare . 10. Much it delights the wise observers Eye , That all these toils direct to sev'ral skils ; Some from the Mine to the hot Fornace hie , And some from flowrie Fields to weeping Stils. 11. The first to hopefull Chymicks matter bring , Where Med'cine they extract for instant cure ; These bear the sweeter burthens of the Spring ; Whose virtues ( longer known ) though slow , are sure . 12. See there wet Divers from Fossone sent ! Who of the Seas deep Dwellers knowledge give ; Which ( more unquiet than their Element ) By hungrie war , upon each other live . 13. Pearl to their Lord , and Cordial Coral these Present ; which must in sharpest liquids melt ; He with Nigella cures that dull disease They get , who long with stupid Fish have dwelt . 14. Others through Quarries dig , deeply below Where Desart Rivers , cold , and private run ; Where Bodies conservation best they know , And Mines long growth , and how their veins begun . 15. He shews them now Tow'rs of prodigious height , Where Nature's Friends , Philosophers , remain , To censure Meteors in their cause and flight ; And watch the Wind 's authoritie on Rain . 16. Others with Optick Tubes the Moons scant sace ( Vast Tubes , which like long Cedars mounted lie ) Attract through Glasses to so near a space , As if they came not to survey , but prie . 17. Nine hastie Centuries are now fulfill'd , Since Opticks first were known to Astragon ; By whom the Moderns are become so skill'd , They dream of seeing to the Maker's Throne . 18. And wisely Astragon thus busie grew , To seek the Stars remote societies ; And judge the walks of th' old , by finding new ; For Nature's law in correspondence lies . 19. Man's pride ( grown to Religion ) he abates , By moving our lov'd Earth ; which we think fix'd ; Think all to it , and it to none relates ; With others motion scorn to have it mix'd : 20. As if 't were great and stately to stand still Whilst other Orbs dance on ; or else think all Those vast bright Globes ( to shew God's needless skill ) Were made but to attend our little Ball. 21. Now near a sever'd Building they discern'd ( Which seem'd , as in a pleasant shade , retir'd ) A Throng , by whose glad diligence they learn'd , They came frome Toils which their own choice desir'd . 22. This they approch , and as they enter it Their Eyes were stay'd , by reading ore the Gate , Great Natures Office , in large letters writ ; And next , they mark'd who there in office sa●● . 23. Old busie Men , yet much for wisdom fam'd ; Hastie to know , though not by haste beguild ; These fitly , Natures Registers were nam'd ; The Throng were their Intelligencers styl'd : 24. Who stop by snares , and by their chace oretake All hidden Beasts the closser Forrest yields ; All that by secret sence their rescue make , Or trust their force , or swiftness in the Fields . 25. And of this Throng , some their imployment have In fleeting Rivers , some fixed Lakes beset ; Where Nature's self , by shifts , can nothing save From trifling Angles , or the swall'wing Net. 26. Some , in the spacious Ayr , their Prey oretake , Cos'ning , with hunger , Faulcons of their wings ; Whilst all their patient observations make , Which each to Natures Office duely brings . 27. And there of ev'ry Fish , and Foul , and Beast , The wil●s those learned Registers record , Courage , and fears , their motion and their rest ; Which they prepare for their more learned Lord. 28. From hence to Nature's Nurserie they go ; Where seems to grow all that in Eden grew ; And more ( if Art her mingled Species show ) Tha● th'Hebrew King , Nature's Historian , knew . 29. Impatient Simplers climb for Blossoms here : When Dews ( Heav'n's secret milk ) in unseen showrs First feed the early Childhood of the year ; And in ripe Summer , stoop for Hearbs and Flowers . 30. In Autumn , Seed , and Berries they provide ; Where Nature a remaining force preserves ; In Winter dig for Roots , where she does hide That stock , which if consum'd , the next Spring stervs . 31. From hence ( fresh Nature's flowrishing Estate ! ) They to her wither'd Receptacle come : Where she appears the loathsome Slave of Fate ; For here her various Dead possess the Room . 32. This dismall Gall'ry , lofty , long and wide ; Was hung with S●●litons of ev'ry kind ; Humane , and all that learned humane pride Thinks made t' obey Man's high immortal Mind . 33. Yet on that Wall hangs he too , who so thought ; And she dry'd by him , whom that He obay'd ; By her an El'phant that with Heards had fought , Of which the smallest Beast made her afraid . 34. Next it , a Whale is high in Cables ty'd , VVhose strength might Herds of Elephants controul ; Then all , ( in payres of ev'ry kind ) they spyd , VVhich Death's wrack leaves , of Fishes , Beasts & Fowl. 35. These Astragon ( to watch with curious Eie The diff'rent Tenements of living breath ) Collects , with what far Travailers supplie ; And this was call'd , The Cabinet of Death . 36. VVhich some the Monument of Bodies , name ; The Ark , which saves from Graves all dying kinds ; This to a structure led , long known to Fame , And call'd , The Monument of vanish'd Minds . 37. VVhere , when they thought they saw in well sought Books , Th' assembled souls of all that Men held wise , It bred such awful rev'rence in their looks , As if they saw the buryd writers rise . 38. Such heaps of written thoughts ( Gold of the Dead ▪ VVhich Time does still disperse , but not devour ) Made them presume all was from Deluge free'd , Which long-liv'd Authours writ ere Noah's Showr . 39. They saw Egyptian Roles , which vastly great , Did like faln Pillars lie , and did display The tale of Natures life , from her first hear , Till by the Flood o're-cool'd , she felt decay . 40. And large as these ( for Pens were Pencils then ) Others that Egypts chiefest Science show'd ; VVhose River forc'd Geometry on Men , VVhich did distinguish what the Nyle o're-flow'd . 41. Near them , in Piles , Chaldean Cos'ners lie ; Who the hid bus'ness of the Stars relate ; Who make a Trade of worshipp'd Prophesie ; And seem to pick the Cabinet of Fate . 42. There Persian Magi stand , for wisdom prais'd ; Long since wise States-men , now Magicians thought ; Altars and Arts are soo● to fiction rais'd , And both would have , that miracles are wrought . 43. In a dark Text , these States-men left their Minds ; For well they knew , that Monarch's Misterie ( Like that of Priests ) but little rev'rence finds , When they the Curtain ope to ev'ry Eye . 44. Behind this Throng , the talking Greeks had place ; Who Nature turn'd to Art , and Truth disguise , As skill does native beautie oft deface ; With Terms they charm the weak , and pose the wise . 45. Now they the Hebrew , Greek , and Roman spie ; Who for the Peoples ease , yoak'd them with Law ; Whom else , ungovern'd lusts would drive awrie ; And each his own way frowardly would draw . 46. In little Tomes these grave first Lawyers lie , In Volumes their Interpreters below ; Who first made Law an Art , than Misterie ; So clearest springs , when troubled , cloudie grow . 47. But here , the Souls chief Book did all precede ; Our Map tow'rds heav'n to common Crowds deny'd ; VVho proudly aym to teach , ere they can read ; And all must stray , where each will be a Guide . 48. About this sacred little Book did stand Unwieldy Volumes , and in number great ; And long it was since any Readers hand Had reach'd them from their unfrequented Seat. 49. For a deep Dust ( which Time does softly shed , Where onely Time does come ) their Covers bear ; On which , grave Spiders , streets of webs have spred ; Subtle , and slight , as the grave Writers were . 50. In these , Heav'ns holy fire does vainly burn ; Nor warms , nor lights , but is in sparkles spent , Where froward Authours , with disputes , have torn The Garment seamless as the Firmament . 51. These are the old Polemicks , long since read , And shut by Astragon ; who thought it just , They , like the Authours ( Truth 's Tormentors ) dead , Should lie unvisited , and lost in dust . 52. Here the Arabian's Gospel open lay , ( Men injure Truth , who Fiction nicely hide ) Where they the Monk's audacious stealth survay , From the World's first , and greater second Guide . 53. The Curious much perus'd this , then , new Book ; As if some secret ways to Heav'n it taught ; For straying from the old , men newer look , And prise the found , not finding those they sought . 54. We , in Tradition ( Heav'ns dark Map ) descrie Heav'n worse than ancient Maps far Indian show ; Therefore in new , we search where Heav'n does lie ; The Minds sought Ophir , which we long to know . 55. Or as a Planter , though good Land he spies , Seeks new , and when no more so good he finds , Doubly esteems the first ; so Truth men prise ; Truth , the discov'ry made by trav'ling Minds . 56. And this false Book , till truly understood By Astragon , was openly display'd As counterfeit , false Princes , rather shou'd Be shewn abroad , than in closs Prison laid . 57. Now to the old Philosophers they come ; Who follow'd Nature with such just despair , As some do Kings far off ; and when at home , Like Courtiers boast , that they deep secret share . 58. Near them are grave dull Moralists ; who give Counsel to such , as still in publick dwell ; At se● , at Courts , in Camps , and Cities live , And scorn experience from th'unpractis'd Cell . 59. Aesop with these stands high , and they below ; His pleasant wisdom mocks their gravitie ; Who Virtue like a tedious Matron show , He dresses Nature to invite the Eye . 60. High skill their Ethicks seems whilst he stoops down To make the People wise ; their learned pride Makes all obscure , that Men may prise the Gown , With ease lie teaches , what with pain they hide . 61. And next ( as if their bus'ness rul'd Mankind ) Historians stand , big as their living looks ; Who thought swift Time they could in fetters bind ; Till his Confessions they had ta'ne in books . 62. But Time oft scap'd them in the shades of Night ; And was in Princes Closets oft conceal'd , And hid in Battels smoke ; so what they write Of Courts and Camps , is oft by guess reveal'd . 63. Near these , Physitians stood ; who but reprieve Life like a Judge , whom greater pow'r doe● aw ▪ And cannot an Almighty pardon give ; So much yields Subject Art to Nature's Law. 64. And not weak Art , but Nature we upbraid , When our frail essence proudly we take ill ; Think we are rob'd , when first we are decay'd , And those were murder'd whom her law did kill . 65. Now they refresh , after this long survay , With pleasant Poets , who the Soul sublime ; Fame's Her auids , in whose Triumphs they make way ; And place all those whom Honour helps to climb . 66. And he , who seem'd to lead this ravish'd Race , Was Heav'ns lov'd La●reat , that in Jewry writ ; Whose Harp approach'd Gods Ear , though none his Face Durst see , and first made inspiration , wit. 67. And his Attendants , such blest Poets are , As make unblemish'd Love , Courts best delight ; And sing the prosp'rous Battels of just War ; By these the loving , Love , and valiant , fight . 68. O hireless Science ! and of all alone The liberal ! Meanly the rest each State In pension treats , but this depends on none ; Whose worth they rev'rendly forbear to rate . CANTO the Sixth . The ARGUMENT . How ASTRAGON to Heav'n his duty pays In Pray'r , and Penitence , but most in Praise : To these he sev'ral Temples dedicates : And ULFIN their distinguish'd use relates . Religion's Rites , seem here , in Reasons sway ; Though Reason must Religion's Laws obay . 1. THe noble Youths ( reclaim'd by what they saw ) Would here unquiet war , as pride , for sake ; And study quiet Nature's pleasant Law , Which Schools , through pride , by Art uneasie make . 2. But now a sudden Shout their thoughts diverts ! So chearfull , general , and loud it was , As pass'd through all their Ears , and fill'd their Hearts ; Which lik'd the joy , before they knew the cause . 3. This Ulfin by his long Domestick skill Does thus explain , The Wise I here observe , Are wise tow'rds God ; in whose great service still , More than in that of Kings , themselves they serve . 4. He who this Building 's Builder did create , As an Apartment here Triangular ; Where Astragon Three Fanes did dedicate , To days of Praise , of Penitence , and Pray'r . 5. To these , from diff'rent motives , all proceed ; For when discov'ries they on Nature gain , They praise high Heav'n which makes their work succe 〈…〉 But when it falls , in Penitence complain . 6. ●f after Praise , new blessings are not giv'n , Nor mourning Penitence can ills repair , Like practis'd Beggers , they solicite Heav'n , And will prevail by violence of Pray'r . 7. The Temple built for Pray'r , can neither boast The Builder's curious Art , nor does declare By choice Materials he intended cost ; To shew , that nought should need to tempt to Pray'r . 8. No Bells are here ! Unhing'd are all the Gates ! Since craving in distress is natural , All lies so ope that none for ent'rance waits , And those whom Faith invites , can need no call . 9. The Great have by distinction here no name ; For all so cover'd come , in grave disguise , To shew none come for decency or fame ) That all are strangers to each others Eyes . 10. But Penitence appears unnatural ; For we repent what Nature did perswade ; And we lamenting Men's continu'd fall , Accuse what Nature necessary made . 11. Since the requir'd extream of Penitence Seems so severe , this Temple was design'd , ●olemn and strange without , to catch the sense , And dismal shew'd within , to aw the mind . 12. Of sad black Marble was the outward Frame , A mourning Monument to distant sight ) ●ut by the largeness when you near it came , It seem'd the Palace of Eternal Night . 13. Black beauty ( which black Meroens had prais'd Above their own ) gravely adorn'd each part ; In Stone , from Nyle's head Quarries , slowly rais'd , And slowlyer polish'd by Numidi an Art. 14. Hither a loud Bells tole , rather commands , Than seems t' invite the persecured Ear ; A summons Nature hardly understands ; For few , and flow are those who enter here . 15. Within a dismal Majesty they find ! All gloomy great , all silent does appear ! As Chaos was , ere th' Elements were design'd ; Man 's evil fate seems hid and fashion'd here . 16. Here all the Ornament is rev'rend black ; Here , the check'd Sun his universal Face Stops bashfully , and will no enterance make ; As if he spy'd Night naked through the Glass . 17. Black Curtains hide the Glass ; whilst from on high A winking Lamp still threatens all the Room ; As if the lazy flame just now would die : Such will the Sun's last light appear at Doom ! 18. This Lamp was all , that here inform'd all Eyes ; And by refléx , did on a Picture gain Some few false Beams , that thence from Sodom rise ; Where Pencils seign the fire which Heav'n did rain . 19. This on another Tablet did reflect , Where twice was drawn the am'rous Magdaline ; Whilst beauty was her care , then her neglect ; And brightest through her Tears she seem'd to shine . 20. Near her , seem'd crncifi'd , that lucky Thief ( In Heav'ns dark Lot'ry prosp'rous , more than wife ) Who groap'd at last , by chance , for Heav'ns relief , And Throngs undoes with Hope , by one drawn Prize . 21. In many Figures by reflex were sent , Through this black Vault ( instructive to the mind ) That early , and this tardy Penitent ; For with Obsidian stone 't was chiefly lin'd . 22. The Seats were made of Ethiops swarthy wood , Abstersive Ebony , but thinly fill'd ; For none this place by nature understood ; And practise , when unpleasant , makes few skill'd . 23. Yet these whom Heav'ns mysterious choice fetch'd in , Quickly attain Devotion 's utmost scope ; For having softly mourn'd away their sin , They grow so certain , as to need no Hope . 24. At a low Door they enter'd , but depart Through a large Gate , and to fair Fields proceed ; Where Astragon makes Nature last by Art , And such long Summers shews , as ask no seed . 25. Whilst Ulfin this black Temple thus exprest To these kind Youths , whom equal soul endeers ; Goltho and Ulfinore , ( in friendship blest ) A second gen'ral shout salutes their Ears . 26. To the glad House of Praise this shout does call ! To Pray'r ( said he ) no Summons us invites , Because distress does thither summon all ) As the loud tole to Penitence excites . 27. But since dull Men , to gratitude are slow , And joy'd consent of Hearts is high Heav'ns choice ; To this of Praise , shouts summon us to go ; Of Hearts assembled , the unfeigned Voice . 28. And since , wise Astragon , with due applause , Kind Heav'n , for his success , on Nature pays ; This day , Victorious Art , has given him cause , Much to augment Heav'ns lov'd reward of praise . 29. For this effectual day his Art reveal'd , What has so oft made Nature's spies to pine , The Load-stones mystick use , so long conceal'd In closs allyance with the courser Mine . 30. And this in sleepy Vision , he was bid To register in Characters unknown ; Which Heav'n will have from Navigators hid , Till Saturn's walk be twenty Circuits grown . 31. For as Religion ( in the warm East bred ) And Arts ( which next to it most needfull were ) From Vices sprung from their corruption , fled ; And thence vouchsaf'd a cold Plantation here ; 32. So when they here again corrupted be , ( For Man can even his Antidotes insect ) Heav'ns reserv'd world they in the West shall see ; To which this stone 's hid virtue will direct . 33. Religion then ( whose Age this world upbraids , As scorn'd deformitie ) will thither steer ; Serv'd at fit distance by the Arts , her Maids , Which grow too bold , when they attend too neer . 34. And some , whom Traffick thither tempts , shall thence In her exchange ( though they did grudge her shrines , And poorly banish'd her to save expence ) Bring home the Idol , Gold , from new-found Mines . 35. Till then , sad Pilots must be often lost , VVhilst from the Ocean's dreaded Face they shrink ; And seeking safetie near the cos'ning Coast , VVith winds surpris'd , by Rockie Ambush sink . 36 Or if success rewards , what they endure , The VVorlds chief Jewel , Time , they then ingage And forfeit ( trusting long the Cynosure ) To bring home nought but wretched Gold , and Age. 37. Yet when this plague of ignorance shall end , ( Dire ignorance , with which God plagues us most , Whilst we not feeling it , him most offend ) Then lower'd Sayls no more shall tie the Coast. 38. They with new Tops to Fore-masts and the Main , And Misens new , shall th' Ocean's Breast invade ; Stretch new sayls out , as Arms to entertain Those winds , of which their Fathers were afraid . 39. Then ( sure of either Pole ) they will with pride , In ev'ry storm , salute this constant Stone ! And scorn that Star , which ev'ry Cloud could hide ; The Sea-men's spark ! which soon , as seen , is gone ! 40. 'T is sung , the Ocean shall his bonds untie , And Earth in half a Globe be pent no more ; Typhis shall sail , till Thube he discrie , But a domestick step to distant Shore ! 41. This Astragon had read ; and what the Greek , Old ●r●ti●s in Egyptian Books had found ; By which , his travail'd soul , new Worlds did seek , And div'd to find the old Atlantis drown'd . 42. Grave Ulfin thus discours'd ; and now he brings The Youths to view the Temple built for Praise ; Where Olive , for th' Olimpian Victor Springs ; Mirtle , for Love's ; and for War's triumph , Bays . 43. These , as rewards of praise about it grew ; For lib'ral praise from an aboundant Mind Does even the Conqueror of Fate subdue ; Since Heav'n's good King is Captive to the Kind . 44. Dark are all Thrones to what this Temple seem'd , Whose Marble veins out-shin'd Heav'n's various Bow ; And would ( eclipsing all proud Rome esteem'd ) To Northern Eies , like Eastern Mornings show . 45. From Paros I●le , was brought the milkie white ; From Sparta , came the Green , which cheers the view ; From Araby , the blushing ●ni●hite , And from the Misnian Hills , the deeper Blew . 46. The arched Front did on Vast Pillars fall ; Where all harmonious Instruments they spie Drawn out in Boss ; which from the Astrigall To the flat E●ise in apt resemblance lie . 47. Toss'd Cymbals ( which the sullen Jews admir'd ) Were figur'd here , with all of ancient choice That joy did ere invent , or breath inspir'd , Or flying Fingers touch'd into a voice . 48. In Statue o're the Gate , God's Fav'rite-King The author of Celestial praise ) did stand ; His Quire ( that did his sonnets set and Sing ) In Niches rang'd , attended either Hand . 49. From these , old Greeks sweet Musick did improve ; The Solemn Dorian did in Temples charm , The softer Lydian sooth'd to Bridal Love , And warlick Phrygian did to Battail warm ! 50. They enter now , and with glad rev'rence saw Glory , too solid great to taste of pride ; So sacred pleasant , as preserves an awe ; Though jealous Priests , it neither praise nor hide , 51. Tapers and Lamps are not admitted here ; Those , but with shadows , give false beauty grace ; And this victorious glory can appear Unvayl'd before the Sun's Meridian Face : 52. Whose Eastern lusture rashly enters now ; Where it his own mean Infancy displays ; Where it does Man's chief obligation show , In what does most adorn the House of Praise ; 53. The great Creation by ●old Pencils drawn ; Where a feign'd Curtain does our Eies forbid , Till the Sun's Parent , Light , first seem to dawn From quiet Chaos , which that Curtain hid . 54. Then this all-rev'renc'd Sun ( God's hasty Spark Struck out of Chaos , when he first struck Light ) Flies to the Sphears , where first he found all dark , And kindled there th'unkindled Lamps of Night . 55. Then Motion , Nature's great Preservative , Tun'd order in this World , Life's restless Inn ; Gave Tydes to Seas , and caus'd stretch'd Plants to live ; Else Plants but Seeds , and Seas but Lakes had bin . 56 But this Fourth Fiat , warming what was made , ( For Light ne'r warm'd , till it did motion get ) The Picture fills the World with woodie shade ; To shew how Nature thrives by Motion's heat . 57. Then to those Woods the next quick Fiat brings The Feather'd kind ; where merrily they fed , As if their Hearts were lighter than their Wings ; For yet no Cage was fram'd , nor Net was spred . 58. The same Fifth voice does Seas and Rivers Store ; Then into Rivers Brooks the Painter powres , And Rivers into Seas ; which ( rich before ) Return their gifts , to both exhal'd in Showrs . 59. This voice ( whose swift dispatch in all it wrought , Seems to denote the Speaker was in haste , As if more Worlds were framing in his thought ) Ads to this World one Fiat , as the last . 60. Then straight an universal Herd appears ; First gazing on each other in the shade ; Wond'ring with levell'd Eyes , and lifted Ears , Then play , whilst yet their Tyrant is unmade . 61. And Man , the Painter now presents to view ; Haughtie without , and busie still within ; Whom , when his Furr'd and Horned Subjects knew , Their sport is ended , and there fears begin . 62. But here ( to cure this Tyrant's sullenness ) The Painter has a new false Curtain drawn ; Where Beauty 's hid , Creation to express ; From thence , harmless as light , he makes it dawn . 63. From thence breaks lovely forth , the Worlds first Maid ; Her Breast , Love's Cradle , where Love quiet lies ; Nought yet had seen so soul , to grow afraid , Nor gay , to make it crie with longing Eyes , 64. And thence , from stupid sleep , her Monarch steals ; She wonders , till so vain his wonder grows , That it his feeble sov'reigntie reveals ; Her Beautie then , his Manhood does depose . 65. Deep into shades the Painter leads them now ; To hide their future deeds ; then storms does raise Ore Heav'n's smooth face , because their life does grow Too black a storie for the House of Praise . 66. A noble painted Vision next appears ; Where all Heav'ns Frowns in distant prospect waste ; And nought remains , but a short showre of Tears , Shed , by its pitie , for Revenges past . 67. The Worlds one Ship , from th ▪ old to a new World bound , Fraighted with Life ( chief of uncertain Trades ! ) After Five Moons at dri●t , lies now aground ; Where her frail Stowage , she in haste unlades . 68. On Persian Caucasus the Eight descend , And seem their trivial essence to deplore , Griev'd to begin this World in th' others end , And to behold wrack'd Nations on the Shore . 69. Each humbled thus his Beasts led from aboard , As fellow-Passengers , and Heirs to breath ; Joynt Tenants to the VVorld , he not their Lord ; Such likeness have we in the Glass of Death . 70. Yet this humilitie begets their joy ; And taught , that Heav'n ( which fully sin survays ) VVas partial where it did not quite destroy ; So made the whole VVorld's Dirge their song of praise . 71. This first redemption to another led , Kinder in deeds , and nobler in effects ; That but a few did respit from the Dead , This all the Dead from second Death protects . 72. And know , lost Nature , this resemblance was Thy frank Redeemer in ascension shown ; VVhen Hell he conquer'd in thy desp'rate cause ; Hell , which before Man's common Grave was grown . 73. By an Imperial Pencil this was wrought ; Ronnded in all the Curious would behold ; VVhere life Came out , and Met the Painters thought ; The Force was tender , though the strokes were bold . 74. The holy Mourners , who this Lord of Life Ascending saw , did seem with him to rise ; So well the Painter drew their Passions strife , To follow him with Bodies , as with Eyes . 75. This was the chief which in this Temple did , By Pencils Rhethorick to praise perswade ; Yet to the living here , compar'd , seems hid ; VVho shine all painted Glory into shade . 76. Lord Astragon a Purple Mantle wore , Where Nature's storie was in Colours wrought ▪ And though her ancient Text seem'd dark before , 'T is in this pleasant Comment clearly taught . 77. Such various Flowrie Wreaths th' Assembly wear , As shew'd them wisely proud of Natures pride ; Which so adorn'd them , that the cour●est here Did seem a prosp'rous Bride-groom , or a Bride . 78. All shew'd as fresh , and ●all , and innocent , As Virgins to their Lovers first survay ; Joy'd as the Spring , when March his sighs has spent , And April's sweet rash Tears are dry'd by May. 79. And this confed'rate joy so swell'd each Breast , That joy would turn to pain without a vent ▪ Therefore their voices Heav'n's renown exprest ; Though Tongues ne'r reach , what minds so nobly ment . 80. Yet Musick here shew'd all her Art 's high worth ; Whilst Virgin-Trebbles , ●eem'd , with bashfull grace , To call the bolder marry'd Tenor forth ; Whose Manly voice challeng'd the Giant Base . 81. To these the swift soft Instruments reply ; Whisp'ring for help to those whom winds inspire ; Whose louder Notes , to Neighb'ring Forrests flie , And summon Nature's Voluntarie Quire. 82. These Astragon , by secret skill had taught , To help , as if in artfull Consort bred ; Who sung , as if by chance on him they thought , Whose care their careless merry Fathers Fed. 83. Hither , with borrow'd strength , Duke Gondibert Was brought , which now his rip'ning wounds allow ; And high Heav'ns praise in musick of the heart , He inward sings , to pay a Victor's vow . 84. Praise , is devotion fit for mightie Minds ! The diff'ring World's agreeing Sacrifice ; VVhere Heav'n divided Faiths united finds ; But Pray'r in various discord upward flies . 85. For Pray'r the Ocean is , where diversly Men steer their Course , each to a sev'ral Coast ; VVhere all our int'rests so discordant be , That half beg winds by which the rest are lost . 86. By Penitence , when we our selves forsake , 'T is but in wise design on pitious Heav'n ; In Praise we nobly give , what God may take , And are without a Beggers blush forgiv'n . 87. It s utmost force , like Powder 's , is unknown ! And though weak Kings excess of Praise may fear , Yet when 't is here , like Powder , dang'rous grown , Heav'ns Vault receives , what would the Palace tear . CANTO the Seventh . The ARGUMENT . The Duke 's wish'd health in doubtfull wounds assur'd ; Who gets new wounds before the old are cur'd : Nature in BIRTHA , Art's weak help derides , Which strives to mend , what it at best but hides ; Shews Nature's courser works , so hid , more course , As Sin conceal'd and uncon●es●'d , grows worse . 1. LEt none our Lombard Authour rudely blame , Who from the Story has thus long digrest ; But for his righteous pains , may his fair Fame For ever travel , whilst his ashes rest . 2. Ill could he leave Art's Shop of Nature's Store ; Where she the hidden Soul would make more known ; Though common Faith seeks Souls , which is no more Than long Opinion to Religion grown . 3. A while then let this sage Historian stay With Astragon , till he new wounds reveals , And such ( though now the old are worn away ) As Balm , nor juice of Pyr●l , never heals . 4. To Astragon , Heav'n for succession gave One onely Pledge , and Birtha was her name ; Whose Mother slept , where Flowers grew on her Grave , And she succeeded her in Face , and Fame . 5. Her beauty , Princes , durst not hope to use , Unless , like Poets , for their Morning Theam ; And her Minds beauty they would rather chuse , Which did the light in Beautie 's Lanthorn seem . 6. She ne'r saw Courts , yet Courts could have undone With untaught looks , and an unpractis'd heart ; Her Nets , the most prepar'd , could never shun ; For Nature spred them in the scorn of Art. 7. She never had in busie Cities bin , Ne'r warm'd with hopes , nor ere allay'd with fears ; Not seeing punishment , could guess no Sin ; And Sin not seeing , ne'r had use of tears . 8. But here ▪ her Father's precepts gave her skill , Which with incessant bus'ness fill'd the Hours ; In spring , she gather'd Blossoms for the Still , In Autumn , Berries ; and in Summer , Flow'rs . 9. And as kind Nature with calm diligence Her own free virtue silently employs , Whilst she , unheard , does rip'ning growth dispence , So were her virtues busie without noise . 10. Whilst her great Mistress , Nature , thus she tends , The busie Houshold waits no less on her ; By secret law , each to her beauty bends ; Though all her lowly Mind to that prefer . 11. Gracious and free , she breaks upon them all With Morning looks ; and they when she does rise , Devoutly at her dawn in homage fall , And droop like Flow'rs , when Evening shuts her Eyes . 12. The sooty Chymist ( who his sight does waste , Attending lesser Fires ) she passing by , Broke his lov'd Lymbick , through enamour'd haste , And let , like common Dew , th' Elixar flie . 13. And here the grey ▪ Philosophers resort , Who all to her , like crafty Courtiers , bow ; Hoping for secrets now in Nature's Court ▪ Which onely she ( her fav'rite Maid ) can know . 14. These , as the Lords of Science , she respects , And with famillar beams their age she chears , Yet all those civil forms seem but neglec●s To what she shews , when Astragon appears . 15. For as she once from him her being took , She hourly takes her Law● reads with swift sight His will , even at the op'ning of his look , And shews , by haste , obedience her delight ▪ 16. She makes ( when she at distance to him bows ) His int'rest in her Mother's beauty known , For that 's th' Orig'nal whence her Copy ' grows , And near Orig'nals , Copies are not shown . 17. And he , with dear regard , her gifts does wear Of Flow'rs , which she in mystick order ties , And with the sacrifice of many a tear Salutes her loyal Mother in her Eyes . 18. The just Historians , Birtha thus express , And tell how by her Syres Example taught , She serv'd the wounded Duke in Life's distress , And his fled Spirits back by Cordials brought . 19. Black melancholy Mists , that fed despair Through wounds long rage , with sprinkled Vervin cleer'd Strew'd Leaves of Willow to refresh the air , And with rich Fumes his sullen sences cheer'd . 20. He that had serv'd ▪ great Love with rev'rend heart , In these old wounds , worse wounds from him endures , For Love , makes Birtha shift with Death , his Dart , And she kills faster than her Father cures . 21. Her heedless innocence as little knew ▪ The wounds she gave , as those from Love she took ; And Love lifts high each secret Sha●t he drew ; Which at their Stars he first in triumph shook ! 22. Love he had lik'd , yet never lo●g'd before ; But finds him now a bold unquier Guest ; Who climbs to windows , when we shut the Door ; And enter●d , never lets the Master rest . 23. So strange disorder ; now he pines for health , Makes him conceal this Revelle● with shame ; She not the Robber knows , yet feels the stealth , And never but in Songs had heard his name . 24. Yet then it was , when she did smile at Hearts Which Countrey Lovers wea● in bleeding Seals ▪ Ask'd where his pretty Godhead found such Da●●s , As make those wounds that onely Hymen heals . 25. And this , her ancient Maid , with sharp complaint● Heard , and rebuk'd ; shook her experienc'd Head , With tears ●osought her not to jest at Saints , Nor mock those Martyrs , Love had Captive led . 26. Nor think the pions Poets ere would waste ▪ So many tears in Ink , to make Maids mourn , I● injur'd Lovers had in ages past ▪ The lucky Mirtle , more than Willow worn . 27. This grave rebuke , Officious Memory Presents to Birtha's thought ; who now believ'd Such sighing Songs , as tell why Lovers die , And prais'd their faith , who wept , when Poets griev ' 28. She , full of inward questions , walks alone , To take her heart aside in secret Shade ; But knocking at her breast , it seem'd , or gone , Or by confed'racie was useless made ; 29. Or else some stranger did usurp its room ▪ One so remote , and new in ev'ry thought , As his behaviour shews him not at home , Nor the Guide sober that him thither brought . 30. Yet with this forreign Heart , she does begin To treat of Love , her most unstudy'd Theam ; And like young conscienc'd Casuists , thinks that sin , Which will by talk and practise lawfull seem . 31. With open Ears , and ever-waking Eyes , And flying Feet , Love's fire she from the sight Of all her Maids does carry , as from Spies ; Jealous , that what burns her , might give them light . 32. Beneath a Mirtle Covert now does spend In Maids weak wishes , her whole stock of thought ; Fond Maids ! who Love , with Minds fine stuff would mend , Which Nature purposely of Bodies wrought , 33. She fashions him she lov'd of Angels kind , Such as in holy Story were employ'd To the first Fathers from th' Eternal Mind , And in short vision onely are enjoy'd . 34. As Eagles then , when nearest Heav'n they flie ; Of wild impossibles soon weary grow ; Feeling their bodies find no rest so high , And therefore pea●ch on Earthly things below : 35. So now she yields ; him she an Angel deem'd Shall be a Man ; the Name which Virgins fear ; Yet the most harmless to a Maid he seem'd , That ever yet that fatal name did beat . 36. Soon her opinion of his hurtless heart , Affection turns to faith ▪ and then Loves fire To Heav'n , though bashfully , she does impart ; And to her Mother in the Heav'nly Quire. 37. If I do love , ( said she ) that love ( O Heav'n ! ) Your own Disciple , Nature , bred in me ; Why should I hide the passion you have given , Or blush to shew effects which you decree ? 38. And you , my alter'd Mother ( grown above Great Nature , which you read , and rev'renc'd here ) Chide not such kindness , as you once call'd Love , When you as mortal as my Father were . 39. This said , her Soul into her breasts retires ! With Love's vain diligence of heart she dreams Her self into possession of desires , And trusts unanchor'd Hope in fleeting Streams . 40. Already thinks , the Duke her own spous'd Lord , Cur'd , and again from bloody battel brought , Where all false Lovers perish'd by his sword , The true to her for his protection sought . 41. She thinks how her imagin'd Spouse and she , So much from Heav'n , may by her virtues gain ; That they by Time shall ne'r oretaken be , No more than Time himself is overta'ne . 42. Or should he touch them as he by does pass , Heav'ns favour may repay their Summers gone , And he so mix their sand in a slow Glass , That they shall live , and not as Two , but One. 43. She thinks of Eden-life ; and no rough wind , In their pacifique Sea shall wrinkles make ; That still her lowliness shall keep him kind , Her cares keep him asleep , her voice awake . 44. She thinks , if ever anger in him sway ( The Youthfull Warriours most excus'd disease ) Such chance her Tears shall calm , as showres allay The accidental rage of Winds and Seas . 45. She thinks that Babes proceed from mingling Eyes , Or Heav'n from Neighbourhood increase allows , As Palm , and the Mamora fructifies ; Or they are got , by closs exchanging vows . 46. But come they ( as she hears ) from Mothers pain , ( Which by th' unlucky first-Maids longing , proves A lasting curse ) yet that she will sustain , So they be like this Heav'nly Man she loves . 47. Thus to her self in day-dreams Birtha talks ; The Duke ( whose wounds of war are healthfull grown ) To cure Love's wounds , seeks Birtha where she walks ▪ Whose wandring Soul , seeks him to cure her own . 48. Yet when her solitude he did invade . Shame ( which in Maids is unexperienc'd fear ) Taught her to wish Night's help to make more shade , That Love ( which Maids think guilt ) might not appear . 49. And she had fled him now , but that he came So like an aw'd , and conquer'd Enemy , That he did seem offenceless , as her shame ; As if he but advanc'd for leave to flie . 50. First with a longing Sea-mans look he gaz'd , Who would ken Land , when Seas would him devour ; Or like a fearfull Scout , who stands amaz'd To view the Foe , and multiplies their pow'r . 51. Then all her knowledge which her Father had He dreams in her , through purer Organs wrought ; Whose Soul ( since there more delicately clad ) By lesser weight , more active was in thought . 52. And to that Soul thus spake , with trembling voice , The world will-be ( O thou , the whole world's Maid ! ) Since now 't is old enough to make wise choice , Taught by thy mind , and by thy beauty sway'd . 53. And I a needless part of it , unless You 'd think me for the whole a Delegate , To treat , for what they want of y●●● excess , Virtue to serve the universal State. 54. Nature ( our first example ) and our Queen , Whose Court this is , and you her Minion Maid , The World , thinks now , is in her sickness seen , And that her noble influence is decay'd . 55. And the Records so worn of her first Law , That Men , with Art's hard shifts , read what is good ; Because your beautie many never saw , The Text by which your Mind is understood . 56. And I with the apostate world should grow , From sov'reign Nature , a revolted Slave , But that my luckie wounds brought me to know , How with their cure , my sicker mind to save . 57. A mind still dwelling idly in mine Eyes , Where it from outward pomp could ne'r abstain ; But even in beautie , cost of Courts did prise , And Nature unassisted , thought too plain . 58. Yet by your beautie now reform'd , I find All other onely currant by false light ; Or but vain Visions of a feav'rish mind ; Too slight to stand the test of waking sight . 59. And for my healthfull Mind ( diseas'd before ) My love I pay ; a gift you may disdain , Since Love to you , Men give not , but restore ; As Rivers to the Sea restore the Rain . 60. Yet Eastern Kings , who all by birth possess , Take gifts , as gifts , from Vassals of the Crown ; So think in love , your propertie not less , By my kind giving what was first your own . 61. Lifted with Love ▪ thus he with Lovers grace , And Love's wild wonder , spake ; and he was rais'd So much with rev'rence of this learned place , That still he fear'd to injure all he prais'd . 62. And she in love unpractis'd and unread , ( But for some hints her Mistress , Nature , taught ) Had it , till now , like grief with silence fed ; For Love and grief are nourish'd best with thought . 63. But this closs Diet Love endures not long ; He must in sighs , or speech , take ayr abroad ; And thus , with his Interpreter , her Tongue , He ventures forth , though like a stranger aw'd . 64. She said , those virtues now she highly needs , Which he so pow'rfully does in her praise , To check ( since vanitie on praises feed ) That pride , which his authentick words may raise . 65. That if her Pray'rs , or care , did ought restore Of absent health , in his bemoan'd distress ; She beg'd , he would approve her duty more , And so commend her feeble virtue less , 66. That she , the payment he of love would make , Less understood , than yet the debt she knew ; But coyns unknown suspitiously we take , And debts , till manifest , are never due . 67. With bashfull Looks besought him to retire , Lest the sharp Ayr should his new health invade ; And as she spake , she saw her reverend Syre Approach to seek her in her usual shade . 68. To whom with filial homage she does how ; The Duke did first at distant duty stand , But soon imbrac'd his knees ; whilst he more low Does bend to him , and then reach'd Birtha's hand . 69. Her Face , o recast with thought , does soob● tray Th' assembled spirits , which his Eies detect ●y her pale look , as by the Milkie way , Men first did the assembled Stars suspect . 70. ●r as a Pris'ner , that in Prison pines , Still at the utmost window grieving lies ; Even so her Soul , imprison'd , sadly shines , As if it watch'd for freedom at her Eys ! 71. This guides him to her P●lse , th' Alarum Bell , Which waits the insurrections of desire ; And rings so fast , as if the Cittadell , Her newly conquer'd Breast , were all one fire ! 72. Then on the Duke , he casts a short survay ; Whose Veins , his Temples , with deep purple grace ; Then Love's dispair gives them a pale allay ; And shifts the whole complexion of his Face . 73. Nature's wise Spie does outward with them walk ; And finds , each in the midst of thinking starts ; Breath'd short , and swiftly in disoder'd talk , To cool , beneath Love's Torrid Zone , their hearts , 74. When all these Symptones he observ'd , he knows From Alga , which is rooted deep in Seas , To the high Cedar that on Mountains grows , No sov'raign hearb is found for their disease . 75. He would not Nature's eldest Law resist , As if wise Nature's Law could be impure ; But Birtha with indulgent Looks dismist , And means to counsel , what he cannot cure . 76. With mourning Gondibert he walks apart , To watch his Passions force , who seems to bear By silent grief , Two Tyrants ore his Heart , Great Love , and his inferiour Tyrant , Fear . 77. But Astragon such kind inquiries made , Of all which to his Art 's wise cares belong , As his sick silence he does now disswade , And midst Love's fears , give courage to his Tongue . 78. Then thus he spake with Love's humilitie ; Have pitie Father ! and since first so kind , You would not let this worthless Bodie die , Vouchasafe more nobly to preserve my Mind ! 79. A Mind so lately luckie , as it here Has Virtue 's Mirrour found , which does reflect Such blemishes as Custom made it wear , But more authentick Nature does detect . 80. A Mind long sick of Monarchs vain disease ; Not to be fill'd , because with glorie fed ; So busie it condemn'd even War of Ease , And for their useless rest despis'd the Dead . 81. But since it here has Virtue quiet sound , It thinks ( though Storms were wish'd by it before ) All sick at least at Sea , that scape undrown'd , Whom Glory serves as wind to leave the shore . 82. All Virtue is to yours but fashion now , Religion , Art ; Internals are all gone , Or outward turn'd , to satisfie with show , Not God , but his inferiour Eye , the Sun. 83. And yet , though Virtue be as fashion sought , And now Religion rules by Art's prais'd skill ; Fashion is Virtue 's Mimmick , falsly taught , And Art , but Nature's Ape , which plays her ill . 84. To this blest House ( great Nature's Court ) all Courts Compar'd , are but dark Closets for retreat Of private Minds , Battels but Childrens sports ; And onely simple good , is solid Great . 85. Let not the Mind , thus freed from Errour 's Night , ( Since you repriev'd my Body from the Grave ) Perish for being how in love with light , But let your Virtue , Virtue 's Lover save . 86. Birtha I love ; and who loves wisely so , Steps far tow'rds all which Virtue can attain ; But if we perish , when tow'rds Heav'n we go , Then have I learnt that Virtue is in vain . 87. And now his Heart ( extracted through his Eyes In Love's Elixar , Tears ) does soon subdue Old Astragon ; whose pitie , though made wise With Love's false Essences , likes these as true . 88. The Duke he to a secret Bowr does lead , Where he his Youths first Storie may attend ; To guesse , ere he will let his love proceed ; By such a dawning , how his day will end . 89. For Virtue , though a rarely planted Flow'r , Was in the seed now by this Florist known ; Who could foretel , even in springing hour , What colours she shall wear when fully blown . CANTO the Eighth . The ARGUMENT . BIRTHA her first unpractis'd Love bewails , Whilst GONDIBERT on ASTRAGON prevails , By shewing , high ▪ Ambition is of use , And Glory in the Good needs no excuse . GOLTHO a grief to ULFINORE reveals , Whilst he a greater of his own conceals . 1. BIrtha her griefs to her Apartment brought , Where all her Maids to Heav'n were us'd to ra●●● Their voices , whilst their busie Fingers wrought To deck the Altar of the House of Praise . 2. But now she finds their Musick turn'd to care ; Their looks allay'd , like beautie over-worn ; Silent and sad as with ring Fav'rites are , Who for their sick indulgent Monarch mourn . 3. Thula ( the eldest of this silenc'd Quire ) When Birtha at this change astonish'd was , With hastie whisper , begg'd her to retire ▪ And on her knees thus tells their sorrows cause . 4. Forgive me such experience , as too soon , Shew'd me unluckie Love ; by which I guess How Maids are by their innocence undone , And trace those sorrows that them first oppress . 5. Forgive such Passion as to Speech perswades , And to my Tongue my observation brought ; And then forgive my Tongue , which to your Maids , Too rashly carry'd , what Experience taught . 6. For since I saw this wounded stranger here , Your inward musick still untun'd has been ; You , who could need no hope , have learnt to feat , And practis'd grief , ere you did know to Sin. 7. This being Love , to Agatha I told ; Did on her Tongue , as on still Death reli● But winged Love , she was too young to hold , And , wanton-like , let it to others flie . 8. Love , who in whisper scap'd , did publick grow ; Which makes them now their time in silence waste ; Makes their neglected Beedles move so slow , And through their Eyes , their Hearts dissolve so fast . 9. For oft , dire tales of Love has fill'd their Heads ; And while they doubt you in that Tyrant's pow'r , The Spring ( they think ) may visit Woods and Meads , But scarce shall hear a Bird , or see a Flow'r . 10. Ah how ( said Birtha ) shall I dare confess My griefs to thee , Love's rash , impatient Spie ; Thou ( Thula ) who didst r●● to tell thy guess , With secrets known , wilt to confession flie . 11. But if I love this Prince , and have in Heav'n Made any Friends by vows , you need not fear He will make good the feature , Heav'n has given ▪ And be as harmless ●s his looks appear . 12. Yet I have heard , that Men whom Maids think kind , Calm , as forgiven Saints , at their last Hour , Oft prove like Seas , inrag'd by ev'ry wind , And all who to their Bosoms trust , devour . 26. Howere Heav'n knows , ( the witness of the Mind ) My hear●bears Men nomalice , nor esteems Young Princes of the common cruel kind , Nor Love so foul as it in Story seems . 27. Yet if this Prince brought Love , what ere it be , I must suspect , though I accuse it not ; For since he came , my med●'nal Huswiserie , Confections , and my Stils , are all forgot . 28. Blossoms in winds , Berries in Frosts may fall ! And Flow'rs sink down in Rain ! For I no more Shall Maids to woods , for early gath'rings call , No● haste to Gardens to prevent a showre . 29. This said , retires ; and now a lovely shame That she reveal'd so much , possess'd her Cheeks ; In a dark Lanthorn she would bear Love's flame , To hide her self , whilst she her Lover seeks . 30. And to that Lover let our Song return ▪ Whose Tale so well was to her Father told , As the Philosopher did seem to mourn That Youth had reach'd such worth , and he so old . 31. Yet Birtha was so precious in his Eyes , Her vanish'd Mother still so near his mind , That farther yet he thus his prudence tries , Ere such a Pledge he to his trust resign'd . 32. Whoere ( said he ) in thy first story looks , Shall praise thy wise conversing with the Dead ; For with the Dead he lives , who is with Books , And in the Camp ( Death's moving Palace ) bred . 20. Wise Youth , in books and battels early finds What thoughtless lazy Men perceive too late ; Books shew the utmost conquests of our Minds ; Battels , the best of our lov'd Bodies fate . 21. Yet this great breeding , joyn'd with Kings high blood ( Whose blood Ambition's feaver over-heats ) May spoil digestion , which would else be good , As stomachs are deprav'd with highest Meats . 22. For though Books serve as Diet of the Mind , If knowledge , early got , self-value breeds , By false digestion it is turn'd to wind ; And what should nourish , on the Eater feeds . 23. Though Wars great shape best educates the sight , And makes small soft'ning objects less our care ; Yet War , when urg'd for glory , more than right , Shews Victors but authentick Murd'rers are . 24. And I may fear that your last victories , Where Glory's Toyls , and you will ill abide . ( Since with new Trophies still you fed your Eyes ) Those little objects which in Shades we hide . 25. Could you in Fortunes smiles , foretel her frowns , Our old Foes slain , you would not hunt for new ; But Victors , after wreaths , pretend at Crowns , And such think Rhodalind their Valour 's due . 26. To this the gentle Gondibert replies ; Think not Ambition can my duty sway , look on Rhodalin'd with Subjects Eyes , Whom he that conquers , must in right obay . 27. And though I humanely have heretofore All beauty lik'd , I never lov'd till now ; Nor think a Crown can raise his value more , To whom already Heav'n does Love allow . 28. Though , since I gave the Hunns their last defeat , I have the Lombards Ensigns outward led , Ambition kindled not this Victors heat , But 't is a warmth my Fathers prudence bred . 29. Who cast on more than Wolvish Man his Eye , Man's necessary hunger judg'd , and saw That caus'd not his devouring Maladie ; But like a wanton whelp he loves to gnaw . 30. Man still is sick for pow'r , yet that disease Nature ( whose Law is Temp'rance ) ne'r inspires ; But 't is a humour , does his Manship please , A luxury , fruition onely tires . 31. And as in persons , so in publick States , The lust of Pow'r provokes to cruel war ; For wisest Senates it intoxicates , And makes them vain , as single persons are . 32. Men into Nations it did first divide ; Whilst place , scarce distant , gives them diff'rent stiles ; Rivers , whose breadth Inhabi●ants may stride , Parts them as much as Continents , and Isles . 33. On equal , smooth , and undistinguish'd Ground , The lust of pow'r does liberty impair , And limits by a border and a bound , What was before as passable as Air. 34. Whilst change of Languages oft breeds a war , ( A change which Fashion does as oft obtrude As womens dress ) and oft Complexions are , And diff'rent names , no less a cause of fou● . 35. Since Men so causelesly themselves devour , ( And hast'ning still , their else too hasty Fates , Act but continu'd Massacres for pow'r , ) My Father meant to chastise Kings , and States . 36. To overcome the world , till but one Crown ▪ And universal Neighbourhood he saw ; Till all were rich by that alliance grown , And want no more should be the cause of Law. 37. One family the world was first design'd , And though some fighting Kings so sever'd are , That they must meet by help of Seas and wind , Yet when they fight , 't is but a civil war. 38. Nor could Religions heat , if one rul'd all , To bloody war the unconcern'd allure ; And hasten us from Earth , ere Age does call ; Who are ( alas ) of Heav'n so little sure . 39. Religion , ne'r till divers Monarchies , Taught that almighty Heav'n needs Armies aid ; But with contentious Kings she now complies , Who seem for their own cause , of God's afraid . 40. To joyn all sever'd Pow'rs ( which is to end The cause of War ) my Father onward fought ; By war the Lombard Scepter to extend Till peace were forc'd , where it was slowly sought . 41. He lost in this attempt his last dear blood ; And I ( whom no remoteness can deterre , If what seems difficult , be great and good ) Thought his Example could not make me erre . 42. No place I merit in the Book of Fame ! Whose leaves are by the Greeks and Romans fill'd ; Yet I presume to boast , she knows my name , And she has heard to whom the Hunns did yield . 43. But let not what so needfully was done , Though still pursu'd , make you ambition fear ; For could I force all Monarchies to one , That Universal Crown I would not wear . 44. He who does blindly ●oar at Rhodalind , Mounts like feel'd Doves , still higher from his ease ; And in the lust of Empire he may find , High Hope does better than Fruition please . 45. The Victor's solid recompence is rest ; And 't is unjust , that Chiefs who pleasure shun , Toyling in Youth , should be in Age opprest With greater Toyls , by ruling what they won . 46. Here all reward of conquest I would find , Leave shining Thrones for Birtha in a shade , With Nature's quiet wonders fill my mind ; And praise her most , because she Birtha made . 47. Now Astragon ( with joy suffic'd ) perceiv'd How nobly Heav'n for Birtha did provide ; O●t had he for her vanish'd Mother griev'd , ●ut ●an this joy , less than that sorrow hide . 48. With tears , bids Gondibert to Heav'ns Eye make All good within , as to the World he seems ; And in gain'd Birtha then from Hymen take All youth can wish , and all his age esteems . 49. Straight to his lov'd Philosophers he hies , Who now at Nature's Counsel busie are To trace new Lights , which some old Gazer spies , Whilst the Duke seeks more busily his Star. 50. But in her search , he is by Goltho stay'd , Who in a closs dark Covert folds his Arms ; His Eyes with thought grow darker than that shade , Such thought as brow and breast with study warms . 51. Fix'd to unheeded object is his Eye ▪ His sences he calls in , as if t' improve By outward absence inward extasie , Such as makes Prophets , or is made by Love. 52. Awake ( said Gondibert ) for now in vain Thou dream'st of sov'reignty ▪ and War's success ; Hope , nought has left , which Worth should wish to gain ; And all Ambition is but Hope's excess . 53. Bid all our Worthies to unarm , and rest ! For they have nought to conquer worth their care ; I have a Father's right in Birtha's breast , And that 's the peace for which the wise make war. 54. At this starts Goltho , like some Armie 's Chief , Whom unintrench'd , a midnight Larum wakes , By pawse then gave disorder'd sence relief , And this reply with kindled passion makes : 55. What means my Prince to learn so low a boast , Whose merit may aspire to Rhodalind ? For who could Birtha miss if she were lost , That shall by worth the others treasure find ? 56. When your high blood , and conquests shall submit To such mean joys , in this unminded shade , Let Courts , without Heav'ns Lamps , in darkness sit , And war become the lowly Shepheard's Trade . 57. Birtha , ( a harmless Cottage Ornament ! ) May be his Bride , that 's born himself to serve ; But you must pay that blood your Anny spent , And wed that Empire which our wounds deserve . 58. This brought the Dukes swi●t anger to his Eyes ; Which his consid'rate Heart rebuk'd as fast ; He Goltho chid , in that he nought replies ; Leaves him , and Birtha seeks with Lovers haste . 59. Now Goltho mourns , yet not that Birtha's fair ; Or that the Duke shuns Empire for a Bride , But that himself must joyn love to despair ; Himself who loves her , and his love must hide . 60. He curs'd that him the wounded hither brought From Oswald's field ; where though he wounds did scape In tempting Death , and here no danger sought , Yet here met worse than Death in Beauty's shape . 61. He was unus'd to love , as bred in wars , And not till now for be●uty leasure had ; Yet bore Love's load , as Youth bea●s other C●res ; Till now despair makes Love's old weight too ●ad . 62. But Ulfinore , does hither aptly come , His second breast , in whom his griefs excess He may ebb out , when they ore-flow at home ; Such griefs , as thus in Throngs for utt'rance press . 63. Forgive me that so falsly am thy Friend ! No more our Hearts for kindness shall contest ; Since mine I hourly on another spend , And now imbrace thee with an empty brest . 64. Yet pard'ning me , you cancel Nature's fault ; Who walks with her first force in Birtha's shape , And when she spreads the Net to have us caught , It were in youth presumption to escape . 65. When Birtha's grief so comly did appear , Whilst she beheld our wounded Duke's distress ; Then first my alter'd Heart began to fear , Lest too much Love should friendship dispossess ; 66. But this whilst Ulfinore with sorrow hears , Him Goltho's busier sorrow little heeds ; And though he could reply in sighs and tears , Yet governs both , and Goltho thus proceeds . 67. To Love's new dangers I have gone unarm'd ; I lack'd experience why to be afraid , Was too unlearn'd to read how Love had harm'd , But have his will as Nature's law obay'd . 68. Th'obedient and defenceless , sure ; no law Afflicts , for law is their defence , and pow'r ; Yet me , Loves sheep , whom rigour needs not aw , Wolf-Love , because defenceless , does devour : 69. Gives me not time to perish by degrees , But with despair does me at once destroy ; For none who Gondibert a Lover sees , Thinks he would love , but where he may enjoy . 70. Birtha he loves ; and I from Birtha fear Death that in rougher Figure I despise ▪ This Ulfinore did with distemper hear , Yet with dissembled temp'rance thus replies : 71. Ah Goltho ! who Love's Feaver can asswage ? For though familiar seems that old disease ; Yet like Religion's fit , when Peoples rage , Few cure those evils which the Patient please . 72. Natures Religion , Love , is still perverse ; And no commerce with cold discretion hath , For if Discretion speak when Love is fierce , 'T is wav'd by Love , as Reason is by Faith. 73. As Gondibert left Goltho when he heard ▪ His Saint profan'd , as if some Plague were nigh ; So Goltho now leaves Ulfinore , and fear'd To share such veng'ance , if he did not flie . 74. How each at home ore-rates his miserie , And thinks that all are musical abroad , Unfetter'd as the Winds , whilst onely he Of all the glad and licenc'd world is aw'd ? 75. And as Cag'd Birds are by the Fowler set To call in more , whilst those that taken be , May think ▪ ( though they are Pris'ners in the Net ) Th'incag'd , because they ne'r complain , are free . 76. So Goltho ( who by Ulfinore was brought Here where he first Love's dangers did perceive In Beautie 's Field ) thinks though himself was caught , Th' inviter safe , because not heard to grieve . 77. But Ulfinore ( whom neighbourhood led here ) Impressions took before from Birtha's sight ; Ideas , which in silence hidden were , As Heav'n's designs before the birth of Light. 78. This from his Father Ulfin he did hide , Who , strict to Youth , would not permit the best Reward of worth , the Bosom of a Bride , Should be but after Virtuous toils possest . 79. For Ulfinore ( in blooming honour yet ) Though he had learnt the count'nance of the Foe , And though his courage could dull Armies whet , The care ore Crouds , nor Conduct could not know ; 80. Nor varie Battels shapes in the Foes view ; But now in forreign Fields means to improve His early Arts , to what his Father knew , That merit ●o might get him leave to love . 81. Till then , check'd passion , shall not venture forth : And now retires with a disorder'd Heart ; Griev'd , lest his Rival should by early'r worth Get Love's reward , ere he can gain desert . 82. But stop we here , like those who day-light lack ; Or as misguided Travellers that rove , Oft find their way by going somewhat back ; So let 's return , thou ill Conductour Love ▪ 83. Thy little Grecian Godhead as my Guide I have attended many a Winter night ; To seek whom Time for honour's sake would hide , Since in mine age sought by a wasted light : 84. But ere my remnant of Life's Lamp be spent , Whilst I in Lab'rinths stray amongst the Dead ; I mean to recollect the paths I went ▪ And judge from thence the steps I am to tread . 85. Thy walk ( though as a common Deitie The Croud does follow thee ) misterious grows : For Rhodalind may now closs Mourner die , Since Gondibert , too late , her sorrow knows . 86. Young Hurgonil above dear light prefers Calm Orna , who his highest Love out-loves ; Yet envious Clouds in Lombard Registers Orecast their Morn , what ere their Evening proves . 87. For fatal Laura trustie Tybalt pines ; For haughtie Gartha , ●ubtle Hermegild ; Whilst she her beautie , youth , and birth declines ; And as to Fate , does to Ambition yield . 88. Great Gondibert , to bashfull Birtha bends ; Whom she adores like Virtue in a Throne ; Whilst Ulfinore , and Goltho ( late vow'd Friends By him ) are now his Rivals , and their own . 89. Through ways thus intricate to Lovers Urns , Thou lead'st me , Love , to shew thy Trophies past ; Where time ( less cruel than thy Godhead ) mourns In ruins , which thy pride would have to last . 90. Where I on Lombard Monuments have read Old Lovers names , and their fam'd Ashes spy'd ; But less can learn by knowing they are dead , And such their Tombes ; than how they liv'd and dy'd . 91. To Paphos flie ! and leave me sullen here ! This Lamp shall light me to Records , which give To future Youth , so just a cause of fear , That it will Valour seem to dare to live . The End of the Second Book . GONDIBERT . The Third Book . Written by the Authour during his Imprisonment . CANTO the First . The ARGUMENT . The People , left by GARTHA , leave to mourn ; And worship HERMEGILD for her return . The wounded HURGONIL by ORNA cur'd : Their loyal loves by marriage plight assur'd . In LAURA'S hasty change , Love's pow'r appears , And TYBALT seeks the kindness which he fears . 1. WHen sad Verona saw in Gartha's shape ( prais'd ; Departed Peace brought back , the Court they And seem'd so joy'd as Cities which escape A Siege , even by their own brave Sallys rais'd . 2. And Hermegild , to make her triumph long , Through all the streets his Chariot slowly drove ; Whilst she endures the kindness of the Throng , Though rude , as was their rage , is now their love . 3. On Hermegild ( so longingly desir'd From Hubert's Camp ) with Childish Eyes they gaze ; They worship now , what late they but admir'd , And all his Arts to mightie Magick raise . 4. On both they such a 〈…〉 t Bl●●●ings throw , As if those num'rous Priests who here reside , ( Loath to out-live this joy ) assembled now In haste to bless the ●ayti● e'r● they ●yd ▪ . 5. Thus dignify'd , and ●rown'd through all the Streets To Court they come ; where them wi●e Aribert Not weakly with a publick passion meets ; But in his open'd Face conceal'd his heart . 6. With mod'rate joy he took this Pledge of Peace , Because great joys infer to judging Eys ▪ The mind distress'd before ; and in distress , Thrones , which are jealous Forts , think all are Spies . 7. Yet , by degrees , a Soul delighted shows To Gartha , whom he leads to Rhodalind ; And soon to Hermegild as artless grows As Maids , and like succesfull Lovers kind . 8. And Rhodalind , though bred to daily sight Of Courts feign'd Faces , and pretended hearts , ( In which disguises Courts take no delight , But little mischiefs shun by little Arts. ) 9. She , when she Gartha●aw ●aw , no kindness faign'd ; But faithfully her former rage excus'd ; For now she others sorrows entertain'd , As if to love , a Maid's first sorrow us'd , 10. Yet did her first with cautious gladness meet ; Then soon from grave respect to fondness grew ; To kisses in their taste and odour sweet , As Hybla Hony , or Arabian Dew . 11. And Gartha like an Eastern Monarch's Bride , This publick love with bashfull homage took , For she had learn'd from Hermegild to hide A rising Heart , behind a falling Look . 12. Thus , mask'd with meekness , she does much intreat A pardon for that Storm her sorrow rais'd ; Which Rhodalind more fues she would forget , Unless to have so just a sorrow prais'd . 13. Soon is this joy through all the Court dispers'd ; So high they vallue peace , who daily are In Prides invasions , private faction , vers'd ; The small , but fruitfull seed of publick war. 14. Whilst thus sweet Peace had others joys assur'd , Orna with hopes of sweeter Love was pleas'd ; For of war's wounds brave Hurgonil was cur'd ; And those of love , which deeper reach'd , were ●as'd . 15. In both these cures her Sov'raign help appears , Since as her double Patient he receiv'd For War's wounds , Balm , dropp'd in her precious tears , And Love's , her more accepted vows , reliev'd . 16. She let no medc'nal Flow'r in quiet grow , No Art lie hid , nor Artist ease his thought , No Fane be shut , no Priest from Altars go , Nor in Heav'n's Quire no Saint remain unsought , 17. Nor more her Eys could ease of sleep esteem Than sleep can the world's Eye , the Sun , conceal ; Nor breath'd she but in vows to Heav'n , or him , Till Heav'n , and she , his diff'rent wounds did heal . 18. But now she needs those ayds she did dispence ; For scarce her cures were on him perfect grown , E're shame afflicts her for that diligence , Which Love had in her fits of pity shown . 19. When she ( though made of shunning bashfulness ) Whilst him in wounds a smarting Feaver burn'd , Invok'd remotest aydes to his redress , And with a loud ungovern'd kindness mourn'd . 20. When o're him then , whilst parting life She ru'd , Her kisses saster ( though unknown before ) Then Blossoms fall on parting Spring , she strew'd ; Than Blossoms sweeter , and in number more . 21. But now when from her busie Maid she knew How wildly Grief had led her Love abroad , Unmask'd to all , she her own Pris'ner grew ; By shame , a Virgin 's Native Conscience , aw'd . 22. With undirected Eies which careless rove , With thoughts too singly to her self confin'd , She blushing starts at her remember'd love , And grievs the world had Eyes , when that was blind . 23. Sad darkness , which does other Virgins fright , Now boldly and alone , she entertain'd ; And shuns her Lover , like the Traytor , light , Till he her curtains drew , and thus complain'd . 24. Why , bashfull Maid , will you your beauty hide , Because your fairer Mind , your Love , is known ? So Jewellers conceal with artfull pride Their second wealth , after the best is shown . 25. In pity's passion you unvail'd your mind ; Let him not fall , whom you did help to climb ; Nor seem by being bashfull so unkind , As if you think your pity was a crime . 26. O useless shame ! Officious bashfulness ! Virtues vain sign , which onely there appears Where Virtue grows erroneous by excess , And shapes more sins , than frighted Conscience fears . 27. Your blushes , which to meer complexion grow , You must , as Nature , not as Virtue own ; And for your open'd Love , you but blush so As guiltless Roses blush that they are blown . 28. As well the Morn ( whose essence Poets made , And gave her bashfull Eyes ) we may believe Does blush for what she sees through Night's thin shade , As that you can for love discover'd grieve . 29. Arise ! and all the Flow'rs of ev'ry Mead ( Which weeping through your Stils my health restor'd ) ●ring to the Temple to adorn your Head , And there where you did worship , be ador'd . 30. ●his with a low regard ( but voice rais'd high By joys of Love ) he spake ; and not less kind ●as now ( ent'ring with native harmony , Like forward spring ) the blooming Rhodalind : 31. ●●ke Summer , goodly Gartha , fully blown ; Laura , like Autumn , with as ripe a look ; ●●t shew'd , by some chill griefs , her Sun was gone , Arnold , from whom she Life 's short glory took . 32. Like Winter , Hermegild ; yet not so gray And cold , but that his fashion seem'd to boast , That even weak Winter is allow'd some day , And the Air clear , and healthfull in a Frost . 33. All these , and Tybalt too ( unless a Spie He be , watching who th●ives in Laura's sight ) Came hither , as in kind conspiracy , To hasten Orna to her marriage plight . 34. And now the Priests prepare for this high vow All Rites that to their Laws can adde a grace ; To which the sequent knot they not allow , Till a spent Morn recovers all her Face . 35. And now the streets like Summer Me●ds appear ! For with sweet strewings Maids left Gardens bare , As Lovers wish their sweeter Bosoms were , When hid unkindly by dis ▪ shevell'd Hair. 36. And Orna now ( importun'd to possess ▪ Her long wish'd joys ) breaks through her blushes so , As the fair Morn breaks through her rosyness ; And from a like guilt did their blushes grow . 37. She thinks her Love 's high sickness now appears A fit so weak , as does no med'cine need ; So soon societie can cure those fears On which the Coward , Solitude , does feed . 38. They with united joy blest Hurgonil And Orna to the sacred Temple bring ; Whilst all the Court in triumph shew their Skill , As if long bred by a triumphant King. 39. Such days of joy , before the marriage day , The L●●bards long by custom had embrae't ; Custom , which all , rather than Law obay , For Laws by force , Customs , by pleasure last . 40. And wisely Ancients by this needfull snare Of guilded joys , did hide such bitterness As most in marriage swallow with that care , Which bashfully the wise will ne'r confess . 41. 'T is Sates-mens musick , who States Fowle●s be , And singing Birds , to catch the wilder , set ; So bring in more to tame societie ; For wedlock , to the wild , is the States Net. 42. And this loud joy , before the marriage Rites , Like Battels Musick which to fights prepare , Many to strise and sad success invites ; For marriage is too oft but civil war. 43. A truth too amply known to those who read Great Hymen's Roles ; though he from Lovers Eyes Hides his most Tragick stories of the Dead , Lest all , like Goths , should 'gainst his Temples rise . 44. And thou ( what ere thou art , who dost perchance With a hot Reader 's haste , this Song pursue ) May'st find , too soon , thou dost too far advance , And wish it all unread , or else untrue . 45. For it is sung ( though by a mourning voice ) That in the Ides before these Lovers had , With Hymens publick hand , confirm'd their choice , A cruel practise did their peace invade . 46. For Hermegild , too studiously foresaw The Counts alliànce with the Duke 's high blood , Might from the Lombards such affection draw , As could by Hubert never be withstood . 47. And he in haste with Gartha does retire , Where thus his breast he opens to preyent , That Hymen's hallow'd Torch may not take fire , When all these lesser lights of joy are spent . 48. High Heav'n ( from whose best Lights your beauty grows , Born high , as highest Minds ) preserve you still From such , who then appears resistless Foes , When they allyance joyn to Arms and Skill ! 49. Most by conjunction Planets harmfull are ; So Rivers joyning overflow the Land , And Forces joyn'd make that destructive war , Which else our common conduct may withstand . 50. Their Knees to Hurgonil the People bow And worship Orna in her Brothers right ; They must be sever'd , or like Palms will grow , Which planted near , out-climb their native hight . 51. As Winds , whose violence out-does all art , Act all unseen : so we as secretly These branches of that Cedar Gondibert Must force , till his deep Root in rising die . 52. If we make noise whilst our deep workings last , Such rumour through thick Towns unheeded flies , As winds through woods , and we ( our great work past ) Like winds will silence Tongues , and scape from Eyes . 53. Ere this dark lesson she was clearer taught , His enter'd Slaves place at her rev'renc'd Feet A spacious Cabinet , with all things fraught , Which seem'd for wearing artfull , rich , and sweet . 54. With leisurely delight , she by degrees Lifts ev'ry Till , does ev'ry Drawer draw , But nought which to her Sex belongs she sees ; And for the Male all nice adornments saw . 55. This seem'd to breed some strangeness in her Eyes , Which like a wanton wonder there began ; But straight she in the lower Closet spies Th'accomplish'd dress , and Garments of a Man. 56. Then starting , she her Hand shrunk nicely back , As if she had been stung ; or that she fear'd This Garment was the skin of that old Snake , Which at the fatal Tree like Man appear'd . 57. Th' ambitious Maid at scornfull distance stood , And bravely seem'd of Love's low vices free ; Though vicious in her mind , not in her blood : Ambition is the Minds immodestie ! 58. He knew great minds disorder'd by mistake , Defend through pride , the errours they repent ; And with a Lovers fearfulness he spake Thus humbly , that extreams he might prevent . 59. How ill ( delightfull Maid ! ) shall I deserve My Life's last flame , fed by your beauty's fire , If I shall vex your virtues , that preserve Others weak virtues , which would else expire . 60. How , more than death , shall I my life despise , When your fear'd srowns , make me your service fear ; When I scarce dare to say , that the disguise You shrink to see , you must vouchsafe to wear . 61. So rude a Law your int'rest will impose ; And solid int'rest must not yield to shame : Vain shame , which fears you should such honour lose , As lasts but by intelligence with Fame . 62. Number , which makes opinion Law , can turn This shape to fashion , which you scorn to use , Because not by your Sex as fashion worn ; And fashion is but that which Numbers chuse . 63. If you approve what Numbers lawfull think , Be bold , for Number cancels bashfulness ; Extreams , from which a King would blushing shrink , Unblushing Senates act as no excess . 64. Thus he his thoughts ( the picture of his mind ) By a dark Vayl to sudden sight deny'd ; That she might prise , what seem'd so hard to find ; For Curtains promise worth in what they hide . 65. He said her Manhood would not strange appear In Court , where all the fashion is disguise ; Where Masquerades are serious all the year , None known but strangers , nor secure but Spies . 66. All rules he reads of living great in Courts , Which some the Art of wise dissembling call ; For Pow'r ( born to have Foes ) much weight supports By their false strength who thrust to make it fall . 67. He bids her wear her beauty free as light ; By Ears as open be to all endeer'd ; For the unthinking Croud judge by their sight , And seem half eas'd , when they are fully heard . 68. He shuts her breast even from familiar Eyes ; For he who secrets ( Pow'rs chief Treasure ) spends To purchase Friendship , friendship dearly buys : Since Pow'r seeks great Confed'rates , more than friends . 69. And now with Counsels more particular , He taught her how to wear tow'rds Rhodalind Her looks , which of the Mind false pictures are , And then how Orna may believe her kind . 70. How Laura too may be ( whose practis'd Eyes Can more detect the shape of forward love ) By treaty caught , though not by a surprize ; Whose aid would precious to her faction prove . 71. But here he ends his Lecture , for he spy'd ( Adorn'd , as if to grace Magnifick Feasts ) Bright Rhodalind , with the elected Bride ; And with the Bride , all her selected Guests . 72. They Gartha in their civil pitie sought , Whom they in midst of triumphs mis'd , and fear Lest her full breast ( with Huberts sorrows fraught ) She , like a Mourner , came to empty here . 73. But she , and Hermegild , are wild with haste , As Traitors are whom Visitants surprise ; Decyphring that which searfully they cast In some dark place , where worser Treason lies . 74. So open they the fatal Cabinet , To shut things slighter with the Consequent ; Then soon their rally'd looks in posture set ; And boldly with them to their triumphs went. 75. Tybalt , who Laura gravely ever led , With ceaseless whispers laggs behind the Train ; Tries , since her wary Governour is dead , How the fair Fort he may by Treaty gain . 76. For now unhappy Arnold she forsakes ; Yet he is blest that she does various prove , When his spent heart for no unkindness akes ; Since from the Light as sever'd as from Love. 77. Yet as in storms and sickness newly gone , Some Clouds a while , and strokes of faintness last ; So , in her brow , so much of grief is shown , As shews a Tempest , or a sickness past . 78. But him no more with such sad Eyes she seeks , As even at Feasts would make old Tyrants weep ; Nor more attempts to wake him with such shreek● ▪ As threatned all where Death's deaf Pris'ners 〈…〉 ▪ 79. Hugo and him , as Leaders 〈…〉 ▪ Not much as Lovers does their ●ame approve ; Nor her own fate , but chance of battel blames ; As if they dy'd for honour , not for love . 80. This Tybalt saw , and finds that the turn'd Stream Came fairly flowing to refresh his heart ; Yet could he not forget the kind esteem She lately had of Arnold's high desert . 81. Nor does it often scape his memorie , How gravely he had vow'd , that if her Eyes , After such Show'rs of Love , were quickly drie , He would them more than Lamps in Tombs despise . 82. And Whilst he watch'd like an industrious Spie Her Sexes changes , and revolt of Youth ; He still reviv'd this vow as solemnly , As Senates Count'nance Laws or Synods , Truth . 83. But men are frail , more Glass than Women are ! Tybalt who with a stay'd judicious heart Would love , grows vain amidst his gravest care : Love , free by nature , scorns the Bonds of Art ! 84. Laura ( whose Fort he by approch would gain ) With a weak sigh blows up his Mine , and Smiles ; Gives fire but with her Eye , and he is slain ; Or treats , and with a whisper him beguiles . 85. Nor force of Arms or Arts ( O Love ! ) endures Thy mightiness ; and since we must discern Diseases fully ere we studie cures ; And our own force by othes , weakness learn ; 86. Let me to Courts and Camps thy Agent be , Where all their weakness and diseases spring From their not knowing , and not honouring thee In those who Nature in thy triumphs sing . CANTO the Second . The ARGUMENT . Whilst BIRTHA and the Duke their joyes pursue In conqu'ring Love , Fate doth them both subdue With triumphs , which from Court young ORGO brought ; And have in GOLTHO greater triumphs wrought : Whose hopes the quiet ULFINORE does bear With patience feigne'd , and with a hidden fear . 1. THe prosp'rous Gondibert from Birtha gains All bashfull plights a Maids first bounties give ; Fast vows , which bind Love's Captives more than chains , Yet free Love's Saints in chosen bondage live . 2. Few were the days , and swiftly seem'd to waste , Which thus he in his minds ●tuition spent ; And lest some envious Cloud should overcast His Lov 's fair Morn , oft to his Camp he sent 3. To Bergamo , where still intrenched were Those Youth , whom first his Father's Army bred ; Who ill the rumour of his wounds did bear , Though he that gave them , of his own be dead . 4. And worse those haughtie threat'nings they abhor , Which Fame , from Brescia's ancient Fighters brought ; Vain Fame , the Peoples trusted Orator , Whose speech ( too fluent ) their mistakes has wrought . 5. Oft Goltho with his temp'rate Counsels went , To quench whom Fame to dang'rous furie warm'd ; Till temp'rately his dangers they resent , And think him safest in their patience arm'd . 6. And safe now is his love , as love could be , If all the World like old Arcadia were ; Honour the Monarch , and all Lovers free From jealosie , as safetie is from fear . 7. And Birtha's heart does to his civil Breast As much for ease and peace , as safetie , come ; For there 't is serv'd and treated as a Guest , But watch'd , and taught , and often chid at home . 8. Like great and good Confed'rates , whose design Invades not others , but secures their own : So they in just and virtuous hopes combine , And are , like new Confed'rates , busie grown . 9. With whisper earnest , and now grave with thought They walk consulting , standing they debate ; And then seek shades , where they in vain are sought , By servants who intrude , and think they wait . 10. In this great League , their most important care Was to dispatch their Rites ; Yet so provide , That all the Court might think them free as air , When fast as faith , they were by Hymen ty'd . 11. For if the King ( said he ) our love surprise , His stormie rage will it Rebellion call ; Who claims to chuse the Brides of his Allies ; And in that storm our joys in blossom fall . 12. Our love , your cautious Father , onely knows ( On whose safe prudence , Senates may depend ) And Golth● , who to time few reck'nings ows , Yet can discharge all duties of a Friend . 13. Such was his mind , and hers ( more busie ) shows That bonds of love does make her longer fast Than Hymen's knot , as plain Religion does , Longer than Rites ( Religion's fashions ) last . 14. That her discretion somewhat does appear , Since she can Love , her minds chief beautie , hide ; Which never farther went than Thula's Ear , Who had ( alass ) but for that secret dy'd . 15. That she alreadie had disguises fram'd , And sought out Caves where she might closs reside ; As being , nor unwilling nor asham'd To live his Captive , so she die his Bride . 16. Full of themselves , delight them onward leads , Where in the Front was to remoter view Exalted Hills , and nearer prostrate Meads , With Forrests flanck'd , where shade to darkness grew . 17. Beneath that shade , Two Rivers slily steal , Through narrow walks , to wider Adice , Who swallows both , till she does proudly swel , And hasts to shew her beautie to the Sea. 18. And here , whilst forth he sends his raging Eye , Orgo he spies , who plies the spur so fast , As if with news of Vict'rie he would flie To leave swift Fame behind him by his haste . 19. If ( said the Duke ) because the Boy is come , I second gladness shew , do not suppose I spread my Breast to give new Comforts room , That were to welcome rain where Nilus flows . 20. Though the unripe appearance of a Page For weightie trust , may render him too weak , Yet this is he , who more than cautious Age , Or like calm Death , will bury what we speak . 21. This , Birtha , is the Boy , whose skilless face Is safe from jealousie of oldest spies ; In whom , by whisper , we from distant place May meet , or wink our meaning to his Eyes . 22. More had he said to gain him her esteem , But Orgo enters speechless with his Speed ; And by his looks more full of haste did seem , Than when his spurs provok'd his flying Steed . 23. And with his first recover'd breath he cries , Hail my lov'd Lord , whom Fame does value so , That when she swift with your successes ●●ies , She fears to wrong the World in being flow . 24. I bring you more than tasts of Fortune's love , Yet am afraid I err , in ha●ing dar'd To think her favours could your gladness move ; Who have more worth than Fortune can reward . 25. The Duke , with smiles , forewarns his hastie Tongue ; As loth he should proceed in telling more ; Kindly afraid to do his kindness wrong , By hearing what he thought he knew before . 26. Thy diligence ( said he ) is high desert ; It does in Youth supply defects of skill ; And is of dutie the most usefull part ; Yet art thou now but slow to Hurgonil . 27. Who hither by the Moons imperfect light Came and return'd , without the help of day , To tell me he has Orna's Virgin plight , And that their Nuptials for my presence stay . 28. Orgo reply'd , though that a triumph be Where all false Lovers are , like savage Kings , Led Captive after Love's great Victorie , It does but promise what your triumph brings . 29. It was the Eve to this your Holy-day , And now Verona Mishess does appear Of Lombardy ; and all the Flow'rs which May Ere wore , does as the Countrie 's favours wear . 30. The wearie Eccho from the Hills makes hastes Vex'd that the Bells still calls for her replies When they so many are , and ring so fast ; Yet oft are ●ilenc'd by the Peoples cries : 31. Who send to Heav'n the name of Rh●dalind , And then Duke Gondibert as high they raise , To both with all their publick passion kind , If kindness shine in wishes and in praise . 32. The King this day made your adoption known , Proclaim'd you to the Empire next ally'd , As heir to all his Conquests and his Crown , For royal Rhodalind must be your Bride . 33. Not all the dange●s valour finds in war , Love meets in Courts , or pride to Courts procures , When sick with Peace the hot in Faction are , Can make such fears as now the Duke endures . 34. Nor all those fears which ev'ry Maid has found , On whose first Guards , Love by surprises steals , ( Whose sightless Arrow makes a c●reless wound ) Are like to this which doubtfull Birtha feels . 35. He from his looks wild wonder strives to chace ; Strives more to teach his Manhood to resist Death in her Eyes , and then with all the grace Of seeming pleasure , Orgo he dismist . 36. And Orgo being gone , low as her knees Could fall , she fell ; and soon he bends as low With weight of heart ; griev'd that no Grave he sees , To sink , where love no more can sorrow know . 37. Her sighs as show'rs lay winds , are calm'd with tears ; And parting life seems stay'd awhile to take A civil leave , whilst her pale visage wears A clearie Skie , and thus she weeping spake . 38. Since such a Prince has forfeited his pow'r , Heav'n give me leave to make my dutie less , Let me my vows , as sudden oaths abhor , Which did my passion , not my truth express . 39. Yet yours I would not think were counterfeit , But rather ill and rashly understood ; For 't is impossible I can forget So soon , that once you fatally were good . 40. Though cruel now as Beasts where they have pow'r ; Chusing , like them to make the weakest bleed ; For weakness soon invites you to devour , And a submission gives you ease to feed . 41. To fighting Fields , send all your honour back , To Courts your dang'rous Tongue and civil shape , That Country Maids may Men no more mistake , Nor seek dark Death , that they may Love escape . 42. Now soon to Heav'n her Soul had found the way , ( For there it o●t had been in pray'r and praise ) But that his vows did life with loudness stay , And life's warm help did soon her Body raise . 43. And now he gently leads her ; for no more He lets th'unhallow'd Ground a fal● Flow'● wear , Sweeter than Nature's Bosom ever wore ; And now these vows sends kindly to her E●r . 44. If ( Birtha ) I am false , think none too blame For thinking Truth ( by which the Soul subsists ▪ ) No farther to be found than in the name ; Think humane kind betraid ev'n by their Priests . 45. Think all my Sex so vile , that you may chide Those Maids who to your Mothers Nuptials ran ; And praise your Mother who so early dy'd , Remembring whom she marry'd was a Man. 46. This great Court miracle you strait receive From Orgo , and your faith the whole allows ; Why since you Orgo's words so soon believe ▪ Will you less civilly suspect my vows ? 47. My Vows , which want the Temples seal , will bind ( Though private kept ) surer than publick Laws ; For Laws but sorce the Body , but my Mind Your Virtue Counsels , whilst your beauty draws . 48. Thus spake he , but his mourning looks did more Attest ▪ his grief , and fear does hers renew ; Now losing ( were he lost ) more than before , For then she fear'd him false , now thinks him true . 49. As sick Physicians seldom their own Art Dare trust to cure their own disease ; so these Were to themselves quite useless , when apart ; Yet by consult , each can the other ease . 50. But from themselves they now diverted stood ; For Orgo's News ( which need not borrow wings , Since Orgo for his Lord believ'd it good ▪ ) To Astragon the joyfull Houshold brings . 51. But Astragon , with a judicious thought , This days glad news took in the dire portent ; A day , which mourning Nights to Birtha brought ; And with that fear in search of Birtha went. 52. And here he finds her in her Lovers Eyes , And him in hers ; both more afflicted grown At his approach ; for each his sorrow spies ; Who thus would counsel theirs , and hide his own . 53. Though much this fatal joy to anger moves , Yet reason's aids shall anger's force subdue ; I will not chide you for your hasty Loves , Nor ever doubt ( great Prince ) that yours is true . 54. In chiding Love , because he hasty was , Or urging errours , which his swiftness brings , I find effects , but dare not tax the cause ; For Poets were inspir'd , who gave him wings . 55. When low I dig , where desart-Rivers run , Dive deep in Seas , through Forrests follow winds , Or reach with Optick Tubes the ragged Moon , My sight no cause of Love's swift motion finds . 56. Love's fatal haste , in yours , I will not blame , Because I know not why his wings were giv'n ; Nor doubt him true , not knowing whence he came , Nor Birtha chide , who thought you came from Heav'n . 57. If you lay snares , we erre when we escape ; Since evil practise learns Men to suspect Where falshood is , and in your noble shape , We should by finding it , our skill detect . 58. Yet both your griefs I 'le chide , as ignorance ; Call you unthankfull ; for your great griefs show That Heav'n has never us'd you to mischance , Yet rudely you repine to feel it now . 59. If your contextures be so weak , and nice , Weep that this windy world you ever knew ; You are not in those Calms of Paradice , Where slender Flow'rs as safe as Cedars grew . 60. This which your Youth calls grief , was frowardness In flatter'd Infancy , and as you bear Unkindly now amidst Youth's joys distress , So then , unless still rock'd , you froward were . 61. Griefs conflicts gave these Hairs their silver shine ; ( Torn Ensigns which victorious Age adorn ) Youth is a Dress too garish , and too fine To be in foul tempestuous weather worn . 62. Grief's want of use does dang'rous weakness make ; But we by use of Burdens are made strong ; And in our practis'd Age can calmly take Those sorrows , which like Feavers , vex the young . 63. When you in Love's fair Books ( which Poets keep ) Read what they hide , his Tragick History , You will rejoyce that half your time is sleep , And smile at Love when Nature bids you die . 64. Learn then that Love's diseases common are ; Do not in sickness known ( though new to you ) Whilst vital hear does last , of cure despair : Love's vital heat does last , whilst Love is true . 65. Thus spake the kind and prudent Astragon : And much their kind impatience he appeas'd , For of his griefs ( which heavier than their own Were born by both ) their duteous fears are eas'd . 66. She begs that he would pardon her distress , Thought that even sin which did her sorrows move ; And then with all her Mothers lowliness , His pardon craves for asking leave to love . 67. The Duke who saw fair Truth so undisguis'd , And love in all , but love so unconcern'd , Pity'd the studious world , and all despis'd Who did not here unlearn , what they had learn'd . 68. I am reform'd ( said he ) not that before I wanted love , or that my love was ill ; But I have learnt to perfect Nature more By giving innocence a little skill . 69. For 't is some skill in innocence to bear With temper the distempers of our Stars ; Not doubting griefs already come by fear Of more , for fears but hasten threat'ned Wars . 70. But we will bravely suffer to inure Our strength to weights against the new are laid ; That when 't is known how much we can endure , Our sufferings may make our Foes afraid . 71. This Comet Glory shines but in portent ; Which from the Court does send her threatning Beams ; And looks as if it were by malice meant To hasten Oswald's Faction to extreams . 72. Since Hurgonil , who just fore-ran the Boy Could not instruct us , we as much may know Of the first Light , as of these fires of joy ; Which is , that both did out of darkness grow . 73. Yet this the King might hide in Kingly skill , Wisely to make his bounty more his own : Kings stoop for Counsel , who impart their will ; His Acts , like Heav'ns , make not their Causes known . 74. Yet with as plain a heart as love untaught In Birtha wears , I here to Birtha make A vow , that Rhodalind I never sought , Nor now would with her love her greatness take . 75. Love's bonds are for her greatness made too straight ; And me Ambition's pleasures cannot please ; Ev'n Priests , who on the higher Altar wait ; Think a continu'd rev'rence loss of ease . 76. Let us with secrecy our love protect ; Hiding such precious wealth from publick view ; The proffer'd glory I will first suspect As false , and shun it when I find it true . 77. They now retire , because they Goltho saw , Who hither came to watch with Ulfinore If much the Duke 's woo'd Mistress did him aw ; Since love woo'd him , and in the shape of Pow'r . 78. But when he mark'd that he did from them move With sudden shyness , he suppos'd it shame Of being seen in chase of Birtha's love ; As if above it grown since Orgo came . 79. Goltho by nature was of Musick made , Chearfull as Victors warm in their success ; He seem'd like Birds created to be glad , And nought but love could make him taste distress . 80. Hope , which our cautious Age scarce entertains , Or as a Flatt'rer gives her cold respect , He runs to meet , invites her , and complains Of one hours absence as a years neglect . 81. Hope , the world 's welcome , and his standing Guest , Fed by the Rich , but feasted by the Poor ; Hope , that did come in triumph to his breast , He thus presents in boast to Ulfinore . 82. Well may I ( Friend ) auspicious Love adore , Seeing my mighty Rival takes no pride To be with Birtha seen ; and he before ( Thou knowst ) enjoyn'd that I his love should hide . 83. Nor do I break his trust when 't is reveal'd To thee , since we are now so much the same , That when from thee , it is from me conceal'd , For we admit no diff'rence but in name . 84. But be it still from ev'ry other Ear Preserv'd , and strictly by our mutual vow : His Laws are still to my obedience dear , Who was my Gen'ral , though my Rival now . 85. And well thou knowst how much mine Eyes did melt When our great Leader they did first perceive Love's Captive led ; whose sorrows then I felt , Though now for greater of mine own I grieve . 86. Nor do I now by love in duty erre ; For if I get what he would fain possess , Then he a Monarch is , and I preferre Him who undoes the world in being less . 87. When Heav'n ( which hath preferr'd me to thy brest Where Friendship is inthron'd ) shall make it known That I am worth thy love , which is exprest By making Heav'nly Birtha all mine own . 88. Then at this quiet Eden thou wilt call , And stay a while , to mark if Love 's prais'd Plant Have after Spring a ripeness , and a Fall , Or never of the first abundance want . 89. And I shall tell thee then if Poets are In using Beauty's Pencil false , or blind ; For they have Birtha drawn but sweet and fair ; Stiles of her Face , the Curtain of her Mind ! 90. And thou at parting shalt her picture wear , For Nature's honour , not to shew my pride ; Try if like her , the teeming World does bear , Then bring that Copy hither for thy Bride . 91. And they shall love as quietly as we ; Their Beauty's pow'r no civil War will raise ; But flourish , and like neighb'ring Flow'rs agree ; Unless they kindly quarrel in our praise . 92. Then we for change will leave such luscious peace ; In Camps their Favours shall our Helms adorn ; For we can no way else our joys increase , But by beholding theirs at our return . 93. Thus cloath'd in Feathers , he●on Steeples walks ; Not guessing yet , that silent Ulfinore , Had study'd her of whom he loosly talks , And what he likes , did solidly adore . 94. But Ulfinore with cold discretion aw'd His passion , and did grave with Love become ; Though youthfully he sent his Eyes abroad , Yet kept with manly care , his Tongue at home . 95. These Rival's hopes , he did with patience hear ; His count'nance not uneasie seem'd , nor strange ; Yet meant his cares should more like Love appear , If in the Duke Ambition bred a change . 96. But as the Duke shun'd them for secrecy , So now they from approaching Org● move , Made by Discretion ( Love's strict Tutor ) shy , Which is to Lovers painfull as their Love. 97. But Orgo they did ill suspect , whose Youth And nature yielded Lovers no offence ; Us'd by his Lord for kindness and for truth ; Both native in him as his innocence : 98. And here pass'd by in haste , to Court employ'd , That Birtha may no more have cause to mourn : Full was his little Breast , and over-joy'd That much depended on his quick return ! 99. Many like Orgo , in their Manhoods Morn , As Pages , did the Noble Duke attend ; The Sons of Chiess , whom beauty did adorn , And fairer Virtue did that beauty mend . 100. These in his Heroe's Schools he bred ( which were In Peace his Palace , and in War his Tent ) As if Time's self had read sage Lecture there How he would have his hours ( Life's Treasure ) spent . 101. No action , though to shorten dreaded war , Nor needfull Counsels , though to lengthen Peace , Nor Love , of which wise Nature takes such care , Could from this usefull work his cares release . 102. But with the early Sun he rose , and taught These Youths , by growing virtue to grow great ; Shew'd greatness is without it blindly sought , A desp'rate charge which ends in base retreat . 103. He taught them shame , the sudden sence of ill ; Shame , Nature's hasty Conscience , which forbids Weak inclination ere it grow to will , And stays rash will , before it grow to deeds . 104. He taught them ▪ Honour , Virtue 's bashfulness ; A Fort so yieldless , that it fears to treat ; Like Pow'r , it grows to nothing , growing less ; Honour , the moral Conscience of the Great ! 105. He taught them kindness , Souls civilitie ; In which , nor Courts , nor Cities have a part ; For theirs is fashion , this from falshood free ; Where Love , and pleasure , know no Lust nor Art. 106. And Love he taught ; the Soul 's stoln Visit made , Though froward Age watch hard , and Law forbid ; Her walks no Spie has trac'd , nor mountain staid ; Her friendship's cause , is as the Loadstone's hid . 107. He taught them love of Toyl , Toyl which does keep Obstructions from the Mind , and quench the bloud ; Ease but belongs to us like sleep , and sleep Like Opium , is our Med'cine , not our Food . 108. To dangers us'd them , which Death's Visards are , More uglie than himself , and often chace From Battel Coward-life ; but when we dare His Vizard see , we never fear his face . CANTO the Third . The ARGUMENT . The Poet takes the Wise aside , to prove Ev'n them concern'd in all he writes of Love. The duteous ORGO from the Court returns With joys , at which again fair BIRTHA mourns . The Duke with open Arms does entertain Those Guests whom he receives with secret pain . 1. THou , whom some Ages hence these Roles dost read ( Kept as Records by Lovers of Love's pow'r ) Thou who dost live , when I have long been dead , And feed'st from Earth , when Earth does me devour . 2. Who liv'st , perhaps , amidst some Cities joys , Where they would fall asleep with Lazie peace , But that their triumphs make so great a noise , And their loud Bells cannot for Nuptials cease : 3. Thou , who perhaps , proudly thy bloomie Bride Lead'st to some Temple , where I withered lie ; Proudly , as if she Age's Frosts desy'd ; And that thy springing self could never die : 4. Thou , to whom then the chearfull Quire will sing , Whilst hallow'd Lamps , and Tapers , brave the Sun As a Lay-Light ; and Bells in triumph ring , As when from sallies the Besiegers run . 5. Then when the Priest has ended , if thine Eyes Can but a little space her Eyes forbear , To shew her where my Marble Co●●in lies ; Her Virgin Garlands she will offer there : 6. Confess , that reading me she learnt to Love ; That all the good behaviour of her heart , Even tow'rds thy self , my doctrine did improve ; Where Love by Nature is forewarn'd of Art. 7. She will confess , that to her Maiden state This Storie shew'd such Patterns of great Life , As though she then could those but imitate , They an Example make her now a Wife . 8. And thy lif 's fire could she a while out-live ( Which were , though lawfull , neither kind nor good ) Then , even her sorrows would examples give ; And shine to others through dark widowhood . 9. And she will boast , how spite of Cynick Age , Of bus'ness , which does Pow'r uncivil make , Of ruder Cells , where they Love's Fire asswage By studying Death , and Fear for Virtue take : 10. And spite of Courts ( where loving now is made An Art , as dying is in Cells ) my Laws Did teach her how by Nature to perswade , And hold by virtue whom her beautie draws . 11. Thus when by knowing me , thou know'st to whom Love ows his Eyes , who has too long been blind ▪ Then in the Temple leave my Bodies Tomb , To seek this Book , the Mon'ment of my Mind . 12. Where thou may'st read ; who with impatient Eyes For Orgo on the guilded Tarras stay ; Which high , and golden shews , and open lies , As the Morn's Window when she lets out Day . 13. Whose heighth Two rising Forrests over-looks ; And on Pine-tops the Eye-sight downward cast ; Where distant Rivers seem bestrided Brooks , Churches but Anchor'd Ships , their Steeples , Masts . 14. Hence , by his little Regian Courser brought , Orgo they spie , with diligence indu'd , As if he would oretake fore-running Thought ; And he by many swiftly seem'd pursu'd . 15. But his light speed left those awhile behind ; Whilst with rais'd Dust , their swiftness hide the way ; Yet Birtha will , too soon , by Orgo find What she by distance lost in this survay . 16. Orgo a precious Casket did present To his dear Lord , of Podian Saphyr wrought ; For which , unknown to Birtha , he was sent , And a more precious Pledge was in it brought . 17. Then thus proclaim'd his joy , Long may I live ! Sent still with blessings from the Heav'nly Powers ; And may their bounties shew what they can give ; And full as fast as long expected Showers ! 18. Behold the King , with such a shining Train As dazles sight , yet can inform the Blind ; But there the Rich , and Beauteous shine in vain , Unless they d●stance keep from Rhodalind . 19. M● thinks , they through the Middle Region come ; Their Chariots hid in Clouds of Dust below ; And ore their Heads , their Coursers scatter'd Fome Does seem to cover them like falling Snow . 20. This Birtha heard , and she on Orgo cast A pitious look ( for she no anger knew ) But griev d he knows not , that he brings too fast Such joys , as fain she faster would eschew . 21. So Gondibert this Gust of glorie took , As Men whose Sayls are full , more weather take ; And she so gaz'd on him , as Sea-men look On long sought shore , when Tempests drive them back . 22. But now these glories more apparent be ; And justly all their observation claim'd ; Great , as in greatest Courts less Princes see , When entertain'd to be eclips'd , and sham'd , 23. West from Verona's Road , through pleasant Meads , Their Chariots cross , and to the Palace steer ; And Aribert this winged triumph leads ; Which like the Planets Progress did appear . 24. So shin'd they , and so noiseless seem'd their speed ; Like Spartans , touching but the silken Reins , Was all the conduct which their Coursers need , And proudly to sit still , was all their pains . 25. With Aribert sat royal Rhodalind ; Calm Orna by the Count , by Hermegild ( Silver'd with time ) the Golden Gartha shin'd ; And Tybalt's Eyes were full by Laura fill'd . 26. The lesser Beauties , numberless as Stars , Shew'd ●ickly and far off , to this Noon-day ; And lagg'd like Baggage Treasure in the Wars ; Or onely seem'd another Milkie-way . 27. The Duke perceiv'd , the King design'd to make This visit more familiar by surprise ; And with Court art , he would no notice take Of that which Kings are willing to disguise . 28. But as in heedless sleep , the House shall seem New wak'd with this Alarm ; and Vlfin strait ( Whose ●ame was precious in the Courts esteem ) Must , as with casual sight , their entrance wait . 29. To Astragon he doubles all his Vows ; To Birtha , through his Eies , his Heart reveal'd ; And by some civil jealousies he shows Her beauty from the Court must be conceal'd . 30. Prays her , from Envy's danger to retire ; The Palace war ; which there can never cease , Till Beauty's force in age or death expire : A War disguis'd in civil shapes of Peace . 31. Still he the precious Pledge kept from her view ; Who guess'd not by the Casket his intent ; And was so willing not to fear him true , That she did fear to question what it ment . 32. Now hasts she to be hid ; and being gon , Her Lover thinks the Planet of the day ; So leaves the mourning World to give the Moon ( Whose Train is mark'd but for their number ) way . 33. And entring in her Closet ( which took light Full in the Palace Front ) she finds her Maids Gather'd to see this gay unusuall sight ; Which Commet-like , their wondring Eyes invades 34. Where Thula would by climbing highest be , Though ancient grown , and was in Stature short ; Yet did protest , she came not there to see , But to be hid from dangers of the Court. 35. Their curious longing Birtha durst not blame ( Boldness , which but to seeing did aspire ) Since she her self , provok'd with Courts great Fame , Would fain a little see what all admire . 36. Then through the Casement ventur'd so much Face , As Kings depos'd shew when through Grates they peep To see Deposers in their Crowding pass ; But strait shrink back , and at the triumph weep . 37. Soon so her Eyes did too much glory find ; For ev'n the first she saw was all ; for she No more would view , since that was Rhodalind ; And so much beauty could none others be . 38. Which with her Virtue weigh'd ( no less renown'd ) Afflicts her that such worth must fatal prove ; And be in tears of the Possessor drown'd , Or she depose her Lover by her love . 39. But Thula ( wildly earnest in the view Of such gay sights as she did ne'r behold ) Mark'd not when Birtha her sad Eyes withdrew ; But dreamt the world was turn'd again to Gold. 40. Each Lady most , till more appear'd , ador'd ; Then with rude liking prais'd them all aloud ; Yet thought them foul and course to ev'ry Lord ; And civilly to ev'ry Page she bow'd . 41. The objects past , out-sigh'd ev'n those that woo ; And strait her Mistris at the Window mist ; Then finding her in grief , out-sigh'd her too ; And her fair Hands with parting passion kist : 42. Did with a Servants usual art profess That all she saw was , to her beauty , black ; Confess'd their Maids well bred , and knew to dress , But said those Courts are poor which painting lack . 43. Thy praise ( said Birtha ) poyson'd is with spite ; May blisters seiz on thy uncivil Tongue , Which strives so wickedly to do me right , By doing Rhodalind and Orna wrong . 44. False Fame , thy Mistris tutor'd thee amiss ; Who teaches School in streets , where Crowds resort ; Fame , false , as that their beauty painted is ; The common Country slander on the Court. 45. With this rebuke , T●ula takes gravely leave ; Pretends she 'll better judge ere they be gon ; At least see more , though they her sight deceive ; Whilst Birtha finds wilde Fear feeds best alone . 46. Ulfin receives , and through Art's Palace guides The King ; who owns him with familiar grace ; Though Twice seven Years from first observance hides ▪ Those Marks of valour which adorn'd his Face . 47. Then Astragon with hasty homage bows : And says , when thus his Beams he does dispence In lowly visits , like the Sun he shows Kings made for universal influence . 48. Him with renown the King for Science pays , And Virtue ; which Gods likest pictures bee Drawn by the Soul , whose onely hire is praise ; And from such Salary not Heav'n is free . 49. Then kindly he inquires for Gondibert ; When , and how far his wounds in danger were ? And does the cautious progress of his Art Alike with wonder and with pleasure hear . 50. Now Gongibert advanc'd , but with delay , As fetter'd by his love ; for he would fain Dissembled weakness might procure his stay , Here where his Soul does as in Heav'n remain . 51. Him , Creature like , the King did boldly use With publick love ; to have it understood That Kings , like God , may chuse whom they will chuse ; And what they make , judge with their own Eyes good . 52. This grace the Duke at bashfull distance takes ; And Rhodalind so much concern'd is grown , That his surprisal she her trouble makes ; Blushing , as if his blushes were her own . 53. Now the bright Train with Astragon ascend ; Whilst Hermegild , with Gartha moves behind ; Whom much this gracious visit did offend ; But thus he practis'd to appease her mind . 54. Judge not you strangely in this visit show ; As well in Courts think wise disembling new ; Nor think the kindness strange , though to your Foe , Till all in Courts where they are kind are true . 55. Why should your closser mourning more be worn ! Poor Priests invented Blacks for lesser cost ; Kings for their Syres in Regal Purple mourn , Which shews what they have got , not what they lost . 56. Though rough the way to Empire be , and steep , You look that I should level it so plain , As Babes might walk it barefoot in their sleep ; But Pow'r is the reward of patient pain ! 57. This high Hill Pow'r , whose Bowels are of Gold , Shews near to greedy and unpractis'd sight ; But many grow in travel to it , old , And have mistook the distance by the height . 58. If those old Travellers may thither be Your trusted Guides , they will your haste reform ; And give you fears of Voyages by Sea ; Which are not often made without a storm . 59. Yet short our Course shall prove , our passage fair , If in the Steerage you will quiet stand , And not make storms of ev'ry sigh of Air ; But think the Helm safe in the Pilots hand . 60. You , like some fatal King ( who all Men hears , Yet trusts entirely none ) your trust mistake , As too much weight for one : One Pillar bears Weight that would make a thousand shoulders ake . 61. Your Brothers storm I to a calm have turn'd ; Who lets this guilded Sacrifice proceed To Hymen's Altar , by the King adorn'd , As Priests give Victims Garlands ere they bleed . 62. Hubert to triumph would not move so fast ; Yet you ( though but a kind Spectator ) mean To give his triumph Laws , and make more haste To see it pass , than he does to be seen . 63. With patience lay this Tempest of your heart ! For you , ere long , this Angels form shall turn To fatal Man's ; and for that shape of Art , Some may , as I for yours of Nature , mourn ! 64. Thus by her Love-sick States-men she was taught ; And smil'd with joy of wearing Manly shape ; Then smil'd , that such a smile his Heart had caught ; Whose Nets camps break not through , nor Senates scape . CANTO the Fourth . The ARGUMENT . The King to GONDIBERT is grown so kind , That he prevents the bounteous RHODALIND In giving of her love ; and GONDIBERT Laments his Breast , holds but a single heart ; Which BIRTHA grieves her beauty did subdue , Since he undoes the world in being true . 1. FUll grows the Presence now , as when all know Some stranger Prince must be receiv'd with state , When Courts shew those , who come to see the Show ; And all gay Subjects like Domesticks wait . 2. Nor Vlfinore nor Goltho absent were ; Whose hopes expect what lift'ning Birtha ( hid In the adjoyning Closet ) fears to hear ; And begs kind Heav'n in pitie would forbid . 3. The King ( who never time nor pow'r mispent In Subjects bashfulness , whiling great deeds Like Coward Councels , who too late consent ) Thus to his secret Will aloud proceeds . 4. If to thy same ( brave Youth ) I could adde wings , Or make her Trumpet louder by my voice , I would ( as an example drawn for Kings ) Proclaim the cause , why thou art now my choice . 5. But this were to suspect the world asleep , Or all our Lombards with their envy blind , Or that the Hunns so much for bondage weep , As their drown'd Eyes cannot thy Trophies find . 6. When this is heard , none dare of what I give Presume their equal merit might have shar'd ; And to say more , might make thy Foes believe , Thy dang'rous worth is grown above reward . 7. Reward even of a Crown , and such a Crown , As by Heav'n's Model ancient Victors wore ; When they , as by their Coyn , by Laws were known ; For Laws but made more currant Victors pow'r . 8. A Crown soon taught , by whom Pow'r first was given ; When Victors ( of Dominion cautious made By hearing of that old revolt in Heaven ) Kept Pow'r too high for Subjects to invade . 9. A Crown , which ends by Armies their debate , Who question height of Pow'r ; who by the Law ( Till plain obedience they make intricate ) Would not the People , but their Rulers aw . 10. To Pow'r , adoption makes thy Title good ; Preferring worth , as birth gives Princes place ; And Virtue 's claim exceeds the right of blood , As Souls extraction does the Bodies Race . 11. Yet for thy Bloods long walk through Princes veins , Thou maist with any Lombard measure time ; Though he his hidden house in Illium feigns ; And not step short , when Hubert self would climb . 12. And Hubert is of highest Victors Breed ; Whose worth I shall for distant Empire chuse ; If he will learn , that you by Fate precede , And what he never had , he cannot lose . 13. His Valour shall the Gothick Conquest keep : And would to Heav'n that all your mighty Minds As soon were pleas'd , as Infants are with sleep , And you had Musick common as the winds . 14. That all the Year your Seasons were like Spring ; All joy'd as Birds , and all as Lovers kind ; That ev'ry famous Fighter were a King , And each , like you , could have a Rhodalind . 15. For she is yours , as your adoption , free ; And in that gift my remnant Life I give ; But 't is to you , brave Youth ! Who now are she ; And she that Heav'n where secondly I live . 16. And richer than that Crown ( which shall be thine , When Life's long Progress I am gone with Fame ) Take all her love ; which scarce forbears to shine And own thee , through her Virgin-Curtain , Shame . 17. Thus spake the King , and Rhodalind appear'd Through publish'd Love , with so much bashfulness , As young Kings shew , when by surprize ore-heard , Moaning to Fav'rite Ears a deep distress . 18. For Love is a distress , and would be hid Like Monarchs grief , by which they bashfull grow ; And in that shame beholders they forbid ; Since those blush most , who must their blushes show . 19. And Gondibert with dying Eyes did grieve At her vail'd love ( a wound he cannot heal ) As great Minds mourn , who cannot then relieve The virtuous , when through shame they want , conceal . 20. And now cold Birtha's rosie looks decay ; Who in Fear 's Frost had like her beauty dy'd , But that Attendant Hope perswades her stay A while , to hear her Duke , who thus reply'd : 21. Victorious King ! Abroad your Subjects are Like Legats safe , at home like Altars free ! Ev'n by your fame they conquer as by war ; And by your Laws safe from each other be . 22. A King you are ore Subjects , so as wise And noble Husbands seem ore Loyal Wives ; Who claim not , yet confess their liberties , And brag to strangers of their happy lives . 23. To Foes a winter storm ; whilst your Friends how Like Summer Trees , beneath your bounty's load ; To me ( next him whom your great self , with low And chearfull duty serves ) a giving God. 24. Since this is you , and Rhodalind ( the Light By which her Sex fled virtue find ) is yours ; Your Diamond , which tests of jealous sight , The stroke , and fire , and Oisel's juice endures ; 25. Since she so precious is , I shall appear All counterfeit , of Art's disguises made ; And never dare approach her Lustre near ; Who can scarce hold my value in the shade . 26. Forgive me that I am not what I seem ; But falsly have dissembled an excess Of all such virtues as you most esteem ; And now grow good but as I ills confess . 27. Far in Ambition's Feaver am I gone ! Like raging Flame aspiring is my Love ; Like flame destructive too , and like the Sun Does round the world tow'rds change of Objects 28. Nor is this now through virtuous shame confess'd ; But Rhodalind does force my conjur'd fear , As Men whom evil spirits have possess'd , Tell all when saintly Votaries appear . 29. When she will grace the Bridal dignitie , It will be soon to all young Monarchs known ; Who then by posting through the World , will trie Who first can at her Feet present his Crown . 30. Then will Verona seem the Inn of Kings ; And Rhodalind shall at her Palace Gate Smile , when great Love these royal Sutors brings ; Who for that smile would as for Empire wait . 31. Amongst this ruling Race she choice may take For warmth of Valour , coolness of the mind , Eyes that in Empires drowsie Calms can wake , In storms look out , in darkness dangers find . 32. A Prince who more inlarges pow'r than lands ; Whose greatness is not what his Map contains ; But thinks that his , where he at full commands , Not where his Coyn does pass , but pow'r remains . 33. Who knows that Pow'r can never be too high When by the Good possest ; fo● 't is in them The swelling Nyle ; from which , though people flie , They prosper most by rising of the stream . 34. Thus ( Princess ) you should chuse , and you will find , Even he , since Men are Wolves , must civilize ( As light does ●ame some Beasts of savage kind ) Himself yet more , by dwelling in your Eyes . 35. Such was the Duk 's reply , which did produce Thoughts of a divers shape through sev'ral Ears : His jealous Rivals mourn at his excuse ; But Astragon it cures of all his fears . 36. Birtha his praise of Rhodalind bewails ; And now her hope a weak Physician seems , For Hope , the common Comforter prevails Like common Med'cines , slowly in extreams . 37. The King ( secure in off'rd Empire ) takes This forc'd excuse , as troubled bashfulness , And a disguise which suddain passion makes , To hide more joy than prudence should express . 38. And Rhodalind ( who never lov'd before , Nor could suspect his love was giv'n away ) Thought not the treasure of his Breast so poor , But that it might his debts of honour pay . 39. To hasten the rewards of his desert , The King does to Verona him command ; And kindness so impos'd , not all his Art Can now instruct his dutie to withstand . 40. Yet whilst the King does now his time dispose In seeing wonders , in this Palace shown , He would a parting kindness pay to those Who of their wounds are yet not perfect grown . 41. And by this fair pretence , whilst on the King Lord Astragon through all the house attends , Young Orgo does the Duke to Birtha bring ; Who thus her sorrows to his bosom sends . 42. Why should my Storm your Life 's calm voyage vex ? Destroying wholly Virtues Race in one ; So by the first of my unluckie Sex , All in a single ruin were undone . 43. Make Heav'nly Rhodalind your Bride ! Whilst I Your once lov'd Maid , excuse you , since I know That virtuous Men forsake so willingly Long cherish'd life , because to Heav'n they go . 44. Let me her servant be ! A dignitie ; Which if your pitie in my fall procures ; I still shall value the advancement high , Not as the Crown is hers , but she is yours . 45. Ere this high sorrow up to dying grew , The Duke the Casket op'ned , and from thence ( Form'd like a Heart ) a chearfull Emrauld drew ; Chearfull , as if the lively stone had sence . 46. The Thirti'th Charract it had doubled Twice ; Not taken from the At●ick silver Mine , Nor from the Brass , though such ( of nobler price ) Did on the Necks of Parthian Ladies shine : 47. Nor yet of those which make the Ethiop proud ; Nor taken from those Rocks where Bactrians climb ; But from the Scithian , and without a Cloud ; Not sick at fire , nor languishing with time . 48. Then thus he spake , This ( Birtha ) from my Male Progenitours , was to the loyal she On whose kind Heart they did in love prevail , The Nuptial Pledge , and this I give to thee ! 49. Seven Centuries have pass'd since it from Bride To Bride did first succeed ; and though 't is known From ancient lore , that Gems much virtue hide , And that the Emrauld is the Bridal Stone . 50. Though much renown'd because it chastens loves , And will , when worn by the neglected wife , Shew when her absent Lord disloyal proves , By faintness , and a pale decay of life ; 51. Though Emraulds serve as Spies to jealous Brides , Yet each compar'd to this does counsel keep ; Like a false Stone , the Husbands falshood hides , Or seems born blind , or feigns a dying sleep . 52. With this take Orgo , as a better Spy ; Who may in all your kinder fears be sent To watch at Court , if I deserve to die By making this to fade , and you lament . 53. Had now an artfull Pencil Birtha drawn ( With grief all dark , then straight with joy all light ) He must have ●ancy'd first in early dawn , A sudden break of beautie out of Night . 54. Or first he must have mark'd what Paleness , Fear , Like nipping Frost , did to her visage bring ; Then think he sees , in a cold backward year , A Rosie Morn begin a sudden Spring . 55. Her joys ( too vast to be contain'd in speech ) Thus she a little spake , Why stoop you down , My plighted Lord , to lowly Birtha's reach , Since Rhodalind would lift you to a Crown ? 56. Or why do I , when I this plight imbrace , Boldly aspire to take what you have given ? But that your virtue has with Angels place , And 't is a virtue to aspire at Heav'n . 57. And as tow'rds Heav'n all travel on their Knees , So I tow'rds you , though Love aspire , will move : And were you Crown'd , what could you better please Than aw'd obedience led by bolder Love ? 58. If I forget the depth from whence I rise , Far from your bosom banish'd be my heart ; Or claim a right by beautie to your Eyes , Or proudly think my chastitie desert . 59. But thus ascending from your humble Maid To be your plighted Bride , and then your Wife , Will be a Debt that shall be hourly paid , Till Time my dutie cancel with my life . 60. And fruitfully if Heav'n ere make me bring Your Image to the World , you then my pride No more shall blame , than you can tax the Spring for boasting of those Flowr's she cannot hide . 61. Orgo , I so receive as I am taught By dutie to esteem what ere you love ; And hope the joy he in this Jewel brought , Will luckier than his former triumphs prove . 62. For though but Twice he has approach'd my ●ight , He Twice made haste to drown me in my Tears : But now I am above his Planets spite , And as for sin beg pardon for my fears . 63. Thus spake she ; and with fix'd continu'd sight , The Duke did all her bashfull beauties view ; Then they with kisses seal'd their sacred plight ; Like Flowr's still sweeter as they thicker grew . 64. Yet must these pleasures feel , though innocent , The sickness of extreams , and cannot last ; For Pow'r ( Love's shun'd Impediment ) has sent To tell the Duke , his Monarch is in hast : 65. And calls him to that triumph which he fears So as a Saint forgiven ( whose Breast does all Heav'n's joys contain ) wisely lov'd Pomp for bears , Lest tempted Nature should from blessings fall . 66. He often takes his leave , with Love's delay ; And bids her hope , he with the King shall find , By now appearing forward to obay , A means to serve him less in Rhodalind . 67. She weeping to her Closet-window hies ; Where she with tears does Rhodalind survay ; As dying Men , who grieve that they have Eyes , When they through Curtains spie the rising Day . 68. The King has now his curious sight suffic'd With all lost Arts , in their revival view'd ; Which when restor'd , our pride thinks new devis'd : Fashions of Minds , call'd new when but renew'd ! 69. The busie Court prepares to move ; on whom Their sad offended Eyes the Countrey cast ; Who never see enough where Monarchs come , And nothing so uncivil seems as haste . 70. As Men move slow , who know they lose their way , Ev'n so the Duke tow'rd Rhodalind does move ; Yet he does duteous fears , and wonder pay , Which are the first , and dang'rous signs of Love. 71. All his addresses much by Goltho were And Ulfinore observ'd , who distant stand , Not daring to approch his presence near ; But shun his Eyes to scape from his command : 72. Lest to Verona he should both require ; For by remaining here , both hope to light Their Hymen's Torches at his parting fire , And not despair to kindle them to night . 73. The King his Golden Chariot now ascends ; Which near fair Rhodalind the Duke contains ▪ Though to excuse that grace he lowly bends ; But honour so refus'd more honour gains . 74. And now their Chariots ( readie to take wing ) Are ev'n by weakest breath , a whisper stay'd ; And but such whisper as a Page does bring To Laura's Woman from a Houshold Maid . 75. But this low voice did raise in Laura's Ear An Eccho , which from all redoubled soon ; Proclaiming such a Countrey beautie here , As makes them look like Ev'ning to her Noon . 76. And Laura ( of her own high beautie proud , Yet not to others cruel ) softly prays She may appear ! but Gartha , bold , and loud , With Eyes impatient as for conquest , stays . 77. Though Astragon now owns her , and excus'd Her presence , as a Maid but rudely taught , Infirm in health , and not to greatness us'd ; Yet Gartha still calls out to have her brought ! 78. But Rhodalind ( in whose relenting Breast Compassion's self might sit at School , and learn ) Knew bashfull Maids with publick view distrest ; And in their Glass , themselves with fear discern ; 79. She stopt this Challenge which Court Beautie made To Countrey shape , not knowing Nature's hand Had Birtha dress'd , nor that her self obay'd In vain , whom conqu'ring Birtha did command . 80. The Duke ( whom virtuous kindness soon subdues ) Though him his Bonds from Birtha highly please , Yet seems to think , that luckie he , who sues To wear this royal Maid's , will walk at ease . 81. Of these a brief survey sad Birtha takes ; And Orgo's help directs her Eye to all ; Shews her for whom grave Tybalt nightly wakes ; Then at whose feet wise Hermegild does fall . 82. And when calm Orna with the Count she saw , Hope ( who though weak , a willing Painter is , And busily does ev'ry Pattern draw ) By that example could not work amiss . 83. For soon she shap'd her Lord and her so kind , So all of love ; till fancie wrought no more When she perceiv'd him sit with Rhodalind ; But froward-Painter-like the Copie tore . 84. And now they move ; and she thus robb'd , believes ( Since with such haste they bear her wealth away ) That they at best are but judicious Thieves , And know the noble value of their prey . 85. And then she thus complain'd , Why royal Maid ! Injurious Greatness ! Did you hither come Where Pow'r's strong Nets of Wire were never laid ? But childish Love took Cradle as at home . 86. Where can we safe our harmless blessings keep , Since glorious Courts our solitude invade ? Bells which ring out , when th' unconcern'd would sleep ; Faise lights to scare poor Birds in Countrey shade ! 87. Or if our joys their own discov'rie make , Envie ( whose Tongue first kills whom she devours ) Calls it our Pride ; Envie , The poys'nous snake , Whose breath blasts Maids , as innocent as Flow'rs ! 88. Forgive me beautious Greatness , if I grow Distemper'd with my fears , and rudely long To be secure ; or praise your beautie so As to believe that it may do me wrong . 89. And you my plighted Lord , forgive me too , If since your worth and my defects I find , I fear what you in justice ought to do ; And praise your judgement when I doubt you kind . 90. Now suddain fear ore all her beauty wrought The pale appearance of a killing Frost ; And carefull Orgo , when she started , thought She had her Pledge , the precions Emrauld , lost . 91. But that kind Heart , as constant as her own , She did not miss ; 't was from a suddain sence , Lest in her Lover's heart some change was grown , And it grew pale with that intelligence . 92. Soon from her bosom she this Emrauld took ; If now ( said she ) my Lord my Heart deceives , This Stone will by dead paleness make me look Pale as the Snowy skin of Lilly Leaves . 93. But such a chearfull green the Gem did sling Where she oppos'd the Rays , as if she had Been dy'd in the complexion of the Spring , Or were by Nimphs of Brittain Valleys clad . 94. Soon she with earnest passion kist the Stone ; Which ne'r till then had suffer'd an eclips ; But then the Rays retir'd , as if it shone In vain , so near the Rubies of her Lips. 95. Yet thence remov'd , with publick glory shines ! She Orgo blest , who had this Relique brought ; And kept it like those Reliques lock'd in shrines , By which the latest Miracles were wrought . 96. For soon respect was up to rev'rence grown ; Which fear to Superstition would sublime , But that her Father took Fear 's Ladder down ; Lose steps by which distress to Heav'n would climbe . 97. He knew , when Fear shapes Heav'nly Pow'r so just , ( And terrible parts of that shape drawn true ) It vails Heav'n's beauty , Love ; which when we trust Our courage honours him to whom we sue ! CANTO the Fifth . The ARGUMENT . The deep Designs of BIRTHA in distress ; Her Emrauld's virtue shews her Love's success . Wise ASTRAGON with reason cures despair , And the Afflicted chides for partial Pray'r . With grief the secret Rivals take their leave , And but dark hope for hidden love receive . 1. TO shew the Morn her passage to the East , Now Birtha's dawn , the Lover's Day , appears ! So soon Love beats Revellies in her Breast , And like the Dewy Morn , she rose in tears : 2. So much she did her jealous dreams dislike , Her Maids straight kindle by her light their Eyes ; Which when to hers compar'd , Poets would strike Such sparks to light their Lamps , ere Day does rise . 3. But , O vain Jealousie ! why dost thou haste To find those evils which too soon are brought ? Love's frantick Valour ! which so rashly fast Seeks dangers , as if none would come unsought . 4. As often fairest Mo●●s soon cover'd be , So she with dark'ning thoughts is clouded now ; Looks so , as weaker Eyes small objects see ; Or studious States-men who contract the Brow. 5. Or like some thinking Sybill that would find The sence of mystick words by Angels giv'n ! And this fair Politick bred in her mind ( Restless as Seas ) a deep designe on Heav'n . 6. To Pray'rs plain Temple she does hast unseen ; Which though not grac'd with curious cost for show , Was nicely kept ; and now must be as clean , As Tears make those who thence forgiven go . 7. For her own Hands ( by which best Painter drew The Hands of Innocence ) will make it shine ; Penance , which newly from her terrors grew ; And was ( alas ! ) part of her deep designe . 8. And when this holy huswifry was past , Her vows she sends to Heav'n , which thither fly Intire ; not broken by unthinking hast ; Like Sinners Sparks that in ascending dye . 9. Thence she departs ; but at this Temple Gate A needy Crowd ( call'd by her Summons there ) With such assurance for her bounty waite ; As if ne'r failing Heav'n their Debtor were . 10. To these she store of Antique Treasure gave ( For she no Money knew ) Medals of Gold , Which curious Gath'rers did in travell save , And at high worth were to her Mother sold. 11. Figures of fighting Chiefs , born to orecome Those who without their leave would all destroy ; Chiefs , who had brought renown to Athens , Rome , To Carthage , Tyre , and to lamented Troy. 12. Such was her wealth , her Mothers Legacy ; And well she knew it was of special price ; But she has begg'd what Heav'n must not deny ; So would not make a common Sacrifice . 13. To the black Temple she her Sorrow bears ; Where she out-begg'd the tardy begging Thief ; Made weeping Magdaline but poor in Tears , Yet Silent as their Pictures was her Grief . 14. Her purpos'd penance she did here fulfill ; Those Pictures dress'd , and the spent Lamp reliev'd With fragrant Oyls , dropp'd from her Silver Still ; And now for those that there sat mourning , griev'd . 15. Those Penitients , who knew her innocence , Wonder what Parents sin she did bemoan ; And venture ( though they go unpardon'd thence ) More sighs for her redress than for their own . 16. Now jealousie no more benights her face , Her courage beauteous grows , and grief decays ; And with such joy as shipwrack'd Men imbrace The Shore , she hastens to the House of Praise . 17. And there the Gem she from her bosom took , ( With which till now she trembled to advise ) So far from pale , that Gondibert would look Pale , if he saw , how it out-shin'd her Eyes . 18. These Rays she to a Miracle prefers ; And lustre that such beauty so defies , Had Poets seen ( Love's partial Jewellers , Who count nought precious but their Mistress Eyes ) 19. They would with grief a miracle confess ! She enters straight to pay her gratitude ; And could not think her beauty in distress , Whilst to her Love , her Lord is still subdu'd . 20. The Altar she with Imag'ry array'd ; Where Needles boldly , as a Pencil , wrought The Story of that humble Syrian Mayd , Who Pitchers bore , yet Kings to Juda brought . 21. And there she of that precious Linnen spreds , Which in the consecrated Moneth is spun By Lombard Brides ; for whom in empty Beds Their Bridegrooms sigh till the succeeding Moon . 22. 'T is in that Moon , bleach'd by her fuller Light ; And wash'd in Suds of Amber , till it grow Clean as this spreaders Hands , and those were white As rising Lilies , or as falling Snow . 23. The voluntary Quire of Birds she feeds , Which oft had here the Virgin-Consort fill'd ; She diets them with Aromatick seeds ; And quench'd their Thirst with Rainbowe-Dew distill'd . 24. Lord Astragon , whose tender care did wait Her progress , since her Morn so cloudy broke , Arrests her passage at this Temple Gate , And thus , he with a Father's license , spoke . 25. Why art thou now , who hast so joyfull liv'd Ere love thou knewst , become with Love so sad ? If thou hast lost fair Virtue , then be griev'd ; Else shew thou know'st her worth , by being glad . 26. Thy love 's high soaring cannot be a crime ; Nor can we , if a Spinster loves a King , Say that her love ambitiously does climb : Love seeks no honour , but does honour bring ; 27. Mounts others value , and her own lets fall ! Kings honour is but little , till made much By Subjects Tongues ! Elixar-Love turns all To pow'rfull Gold , where it does onely touch . 28. Thou lov'st a Prince above thine own degree : Degree is Monarch's Art ; Love , Nature's Law ; In Love's free State all Pow'rs so levell'd be , That there , affection governs more than aw . 29. But thou dost love where Rhodalind does love ; And thence thy griefs of jealousie begin ; A cause which does thy sorrow vainly move ; Since 't is thy noble fate , and not thy Sin. 30. This vain and voluntary Load of grief ( For Fate sent Love , thy will does sorrow bear ) Thou to the Temple carry'st for relief , And so to Heav'n art guided by thy fear . 31. Wild Fear ! Which has a Common-wealth devis'd In Heav'n's old Realm , and Saints in Senates fram'd ; Such as by which , were Beasts well civilliz'd , They would suspect their Tamer Man , untam'd . 32. Wild Fear ! Which has the Indian worship made , Where each unletter'd Priest the Godhead draws In such a form , as makes himself afraid ; Disguising Mercy 's shape in Teeth and Claws . 33. This false Guide , Fear , which does thy Reason sway , And turns thy valiant virtue to despair , Has brought thee here , to offer , and to pray ; But Temples were not built for Cowards pray'r . 34. For when by Fear thy noble Reason's led ( Reason , not Shape gives us so great degree Above our Subjects , Beasts ) then Beasts may plead A right in Temples helps as well as we . 35. And here , with absent Reason thou dost weep To beg success in love ; that Rhodalind May lose , what she as much does beg to keep , And may at least an equal audience find . 36. Mark Birtha , this unrighteous war of prayer ! Like wrangling States , you ask a Monarch's aid , When you are weak , that you may better dare Lay claim , to what your passion would invade . 37. Long has th' ambitious World rudely preferr'd Their quarrels , which they call their pray'rs , to Heav'n ; And thought that Heav'n would like themselves have err'd , Depriving some , of what 's to others giv'n . 38. Thence Modern Faith becomes so weak and blind , Thinks Heav'n in ruling other Worlds employ'd , And is not mindfull of our abject Kind , Because all Sutes are not by all enjoy'd . 39. How firm was Faith , when humbly Sutes for need , Not choice were made ? then ( free from all despair As mod'rate Birds , who sing for daily seed ) Like Birds , our Songs of praise included pray'r . 40. Thy Hopes are by thy Rivals virtue aw'd ; Thy Rival Rhodalind , whose virtue shines On Hills , when brightest Planets are abroad ; Thine privately , like Miners Lamps , in Mines . 41. The Court ( where single Patterns are disgrac'd ; Where glorious Vice , weak Eyes admire ; And Virtue 's plainness is by Art out-fac'd ) She makes a Temple by her Vestal Fire . 42. Though there , Vice sweetly dress'd , does tempt like bliss Even Cautious Saints ; and single Virtue seem Fantastick , where brave Vice in fashion is ; Yet she has brought plain Virtue in esteem . 43. Yours is a virtue of inferiour rate , Herein the dark a Pattern , where 't is barr'd From all your Sex that should her imitate , And of that pomp which should her Foes reward : 44. Retir'd , as weak Monasticks flie from care ; Or devout Cowards steal to Forts , their Cells , From pleasures , which the worlds chief dangers are : Hers passes yours , as Valour Fear excels . 45. This is your Rival in your suit to Heav'n : But Heav'n is partial if it give to you What to her bolder Virtue should be giv'n ; Since yours , pomps , Virtue 's dangers , never knew . 46. Your suit would have your love with love repay'd ; To which Arts conquests , when all science flows , Compar'd , are Students dreams ; and triumphs made By glorious Courts and Camps , but painted shows . 47. Even Art 's Dictators , who give Laws to Schools , Are but dead Heads ; States-men , who Empire move , But prosp'rous Spies ; and Victors , fighting Fools , When they their Trophies rank with those of Love. 48. And when against your fears I thus declame , ( Yet make your danger more , whilst I decry Your worth to hers ) then wisely fear I blame ; For fears are hurtfull'st when attempts are high . 49. And you should think your noble dangers less , When most my praise does her renown prefer ; For that takes off your hasty hope 's excess ; And when we little hope , we nothing fear . 50. Now you are taught your sickness , learn your cure ; You shall to Court , and there serve Rhodalind ; Trie if her virtue's force you can endure In the same Sphear , without eclipse of mind . 51. Your Lord may there your Souls compare ; for we , Though Souls , like stars , make not their greatnes known ; May find which greater than the other be ; The Stars are measur'd by Comparison ▪ 52. Your plighted Lord shall you ere long prefer To near attendance on this royal Maid : Quit then officious Fear ! The Jealous fear They are not fearfull , when to death afraid . 53. These words he clos'd with kindness , and retir'd ; In which her quick Ey'd Hope three blessings spy'd ; With joy of being near her Lord , inspir'd , With seeing Courts ' , and having Virtue try'd . 54. She now with jealous questions utter'd fast , Fils Orgo's Ear , which there unmark'd are gon , As Throngs through guarded Gates , when all make haste , Not giving Warders time t' examine one . 55. She ask'd if Fame had render'd Rhodalind With favour , or in Truth 's impartial shape ? If Orna were to humble Virtue kind , And beauty could from Gartha's envy scape ? 56. If Laura ( whose faire Eyes those but invites Who to her wit ascribe the Victory ) In conquest of a speechless Mayd delights ? And ere to this prompt Orgo could reply , 57. She ask'd , in what consist the Charms of Court ? Whether those pleasures so resistless were As common Country Travailers report , And such as innocence had cause to fear ? 58. What kind of Angels shape young Fav'rites take ? And being Angels , how they can be bad ? Or why delight so cruelly to make Fair Country Mayds , return from Court so sad ? 59. More had she ask'd ( for study warm'd her brow , With thinking how her love might prosp'rous be ) But that young ulfinore approach'd her now , And Goltho , warmer with designe than she . 60. Though Goltho's hope ( in Indian Feathers clad ) Was light , and gay , as if he meant to flie ; Yet he no farther than his Rival had Advanc'd in promise , from her Tongue , or Eye . 61. When distant , talk'd , as if he plighted were ; For hope in Love , like Cowards in the War , Talks bravely till the enterprise be near ; But then discretion dares not venture far . 62. He never durst approch her watchfull Eye With studious gazing , nor with sighs her Ear ; But still seem'd frolick , like a States-man's Spie ; As if his thoughtfull bus'ness were not there . 63. Still , Superstitious Lovers Beauty paint , ( Thinking themselves but Devils ) so divine , As if the thing belov'd , were all a Saint ; And ev'ry place she enter'd , were a Shrine . 64. And though last Night were the auspitious time When they resolv'd to quit their bashfull fears ; Yet soon ( as to the Sun when Eaglets climbe ) They stoop'd , And quench'd their daring Eyes in tears . 65. And now ( for Hope , that formal C●ntry , stands All Winds and Showrs though there but vainly plac'd , They to Verona beg her dear commands ; And look to be with parting kindness grac'd . 66. Both dayly journies meant , 'twixt this and Court : For taking leave is twice Love's sweet Repast ; In being sweet , and then in being short ; Like Manna , ready still , but cannot last . 67. Her Favours not in lib'ral looks she gave , But in a kind respectfull lowliness , Them honour gives , yet did her honour save ; Which gently thus she did to both express . 68. High heav'n that did direct your Eyes the way To chuse so well , when you your friendship made , Still keep you joyn'd , that daring Envie may Fear such united Virtue to invade ! 69. In your safe Breasts , the noble Gondibert Does trust the secret Treasure of his love ; And I ( grown Conscious of my low desert ) Would not , you should that wealth for me improve . 70. I am a Flow'r that merit not the Spring ! And he ( the World 's warm Sun , ) in passing by Should think , when such as I leave flourishing , His Beams to Cedars haste , which else would die . 71. This from his humble Maid you may declare To him , on whom the good of humane kind Depends ; and as his greatning is your care , So may your early love successes find ! 72. So may that beauteous She , whom eithers Heart For virtue and delight of life shall chuse , Quit in your siege the long defence of Art , And Nature's freedom in a treatie lose . 73. This gave cold Ulfinore in Love's long Night Some hope of Day ; as Sea-men that are run Far North-ward , find long Winters to be light , And in the Cynosure adore the Sun. 74. It shew'd to Goltho , not alone like Day , But like a Wedding Noon , who now grows strong Enough to speak , but that her beauties stay His Eyes , whose wonder soon arrests his Tongue . 75. Yet something he at parting seem'd to say , In prettie Flow'rs of Love's wild Rhetorick ; Which mov'd not her , though Oratours thus ●way Assemblies , which since wild , wild Musick like . CANTO the Sixth . The ARGUMENT . Here ULFIN reads the art to ULFINORE Of wisely getting , and increasing Pow'r . The Rivals to VERONA haste , and there Young GOLTHO'S frailtie does too soon appear . Black DALGA'S fatal beautie is reveal'd ; But her descent and Storie ●s conceal'd . 1. OLd Ulfin parting now with Ulfinore , His study'd thoughts , and of a grave import Thus utter'd , as well read in ancient Lore ; When prudence kept up greatness in the Court. 2. Heav'n guide thee Son , through Honour's sl●pp'ry way ; The Hill , which warie painfulness must climbe ; And often rest , to take a full survay Of ev'ry path trod by Experienc'd Time. 3. Rise glorious with thy Master 's hopefull Morn ! His favour calls thee to his secret Breast ; Great Gondibert ! to spatious ▪ Empire born ; Whose carefull Head will in thy Bosom rest . 4. Be good ! and then in pitie soon be great ! For virtuous men should toil to compass pow'r , Lest when the Bad possess Dominion's Seat , We vainly weep for those whom they devour . 5. Our virtue without pow'r but harmless is ! The Good , who lazily are good at home , And safely rest in doing not amiss , Flie from the Bad , for fear of Martyrdome . 6. Be in thy greatness easie , and thy Brow Still clear , and comforting as breaking Light ; The Great , with bus'ness troubled , weakly bow ; Pow'r should with publick Burdens walk upright ! 7. We chearfulness , as innocence commend ! The Great , may with benign and civil Eyes The People wrong , yet not the wrong'd offend ; Who feel most wrong from those who them despise ! 8. Since wrongs must be , Complaints must shew the Grie And Favourites should walk still open Ear'd ; For of the suing Croud , half are reliev'd With the innate delight of being heard : 9. Thy greatness be in Arms ! who else are great , Move but like Pageants in the People's view ; And in ●oul weather make a scorn'd retreat ; The Greeks their painted Gods in Armour drew ! 10. Yield not in storms of State to that dislike , Which from the People does to Rulers grow ; Pow'r ( Fortun 's Sail ) should not for threatnings strike ; In Boats bestorm'd all check at those that row . 11. Courts little Arts contemn dark Holes to save Retreated Pow'r , when fear does Friendship feign ; Poor thieves retire to Woods ! Chiefs , great and brave , Draw out their Forces to the open Plain ! 12. Be by thy Virtue bold ! when that Sun shines , All Art 's false lights are with disgrace put out ; Her streitness shews it self in crooked Lines ; And her plain Txet the Scepticks dare not doubt . 13. Revenge ( weak Women's Valour , and in Men The Ruffians Cowardise , ) keep from thy Breast , The factious Palace is that Serpent's Den ; Whom Cowards there , with secret slaughter feast . 14. Revenge is but a braver Name for Fear , 'T is Indians furious fear , when they are fed With valiant Foes ; whose Hearts their Teeth must tear Before they boldly dare believe them dead . 15. When thou giv'st death , thy Banners be display'd ! And move not till an open Foe appears ! Courts lurking war shews Justice is afraid ; And no broad Sword , but a closs Ponyard wears . 16. To kill , shews Fear dares not more fears endure ! When wrong'd , destroy not with thy Foes thy fame , The Valiant by forgiving mischief , cure ; And it is Hea●'n's great conquest to reclaim ? 17. Be by thy bountie known ! for since the needs Of life , so rudely press the bold and wise ; The bounteous heart , all but his God exceeds ; Whom bountie best makes known to Mortal Eyes ! 18. And to be bountefull , be rich ! for those Fam'd Talkers who in Schools did wealth despise , Taught doctrine , which at whom would Empire lose , If not believ'd first by their Enemies . 19. And though in ruling Ministers of State , The People wretched povertie adore , ( Which Fools call innocence , and wise Men hate As ▪ sloth ) yet they rebel for being poor . 20. And to be rich , be diligent ! Move on Like Heav'ns great Movers that inrich the Earth ; Whos 's Moments sloth would shew the world undone , And make the Spring straight bury all her birth . 21. Rich are the diligent ! who can command Time , Natures stock ! and could his Hour glass fall , Would , as for seed of Stars , stoop for the sand ; And by incessant Labour gather all . 22. Be kind to Beautie ! that unluckie Shrine ! Where all Love's Thieves come bowing to their P●● ; And honour steal ; which Beautie makes divine : Be thou still kind , but never to betray ! 23. Heav'n studie more in Nature , than in Schools ! Let Nature's Image never by thee pass Like unmark'd Time ; but those unthinking Fools Despise , who spie not Godhead through her Glass . 24. These precepts Ulfinore , with duteous care , In h●s Hearts Closet lock'd , his faithfull Brest ! And now the Rival-friends for Court prepare ; And much their Youth , is by their haste exprest . 25. They yet ne'r saw Verona , nor the Court ; And expectation lengthens much their way ; Since by that great Inviter urg'd , Report ; And thither flie on Coursers of Relay . 26. Ere to his Western Mines the Sun retir'd , They his great Mint for all those Mines behold , Verona , which in Tow'rs to Heav'n aspir'd , Guilt doubly , for the Sun now guilt their gold . 27. They make their Entry through the Western Gate ! A Gothick Arch ! Where , on an Elephant Bold Clephes , as the second Founder , sate ; Made to mock life , and onely life did want . 28. Still strange , and divers seem their Objects now , And still increase , where e're their Eyes they cast ; Of lazy Pag'ant-Greatness , moving slow , And angry bus'ness , rushing on in haste . 29. All strange to them , as they to all appear ; Yet less like strangers gaz'd than those they see ; Who this glad Day the Duke's Spectatours were ; To mark how with his fame his looks agree . 30. And guess that these are of his fighting Train , Renown'd in Youth : who by their wonder stay'd , And by their own , but slowly passage gain ; But now much more their progress is delay'd : 31. For a black Beauty did her pride display Through a large Window , and in Jewels sho● , As if to please the World , weeping for day , Night had put all her Starry Jewels on . 32. This Beauty gaz'd on both , and Ulfinore Hung down his Head , but yet did lift his Eyes ; As if he fain would see a little more : For much , though bashful , he did beauty prise . 33. Goltho did like a blushless Statue stare ; Boldly her practis'd boldness did out-look ; And even for fear she would mistrust her snare , Was ready to cry out , That he was took ! 34. She , with a wicked Woman's prosp'rous Art , A seeming modesty , the Window clos'd ; Wisely delay'd his Eyes , since of his Heart She thought , she had sufficiently dispos'd . 35. And he thus straight complain'd ! Ah Ulfinore , How vainly Glory has our Youth misled ? The Wind which blows us from the happy Shore , And drives us from the Living to the Dead : 36. To bloudy slaughters , and perhaps of those Who might beget such Beauties as this Maid ; The Sleepy here are never wak'd with Foes ; Nor are of ought but Ladies frowns afraid . 37. Ere he could more lament , a little Page , Clean , and perfum'd ( one whom this Dame did breed To guess at ills , too manly for his age ) Steps swiftly to him , and arrests his s●eed . 38. With civil whisper cries , My Lady Si● ! — At this , Goltho alights , as swiftly post As Posters mount ; by ling'ring loath to erre , As Wind-bound Men , whose sloth their first Wind lost . 39. And when his Friend advis'd him to take care ; He gravely , as a Man new potent grown , Protests he shall in all his Fortunes share ; And to the House invites him as his own . 40. And , with a Rival's wisdom , Ulfinore Does hope , since thus blind Love leads him astray , Where a false Saint he can so soon adore , That he to Birtha ne'r will find the way . 41. They enter , and ascend ; and enter then Where Dalga with black eyes does Sinners draw ; And with her voice holds fast repenting Men ; To whose warm Jett , light Goltho is but Straw . 42. Nicely as Bridegrooms was her Chamber drest , Her Bed , as Brides ; and richer than a Throne , And sweeter seem'd than the Circania's Nest , Though built in Eastern Groves of Cinamon . 43. The price of Princes pleasure , who her love ( Though but false ware ) at rates so costly bought The wealth of many , but may hourly prove Spoils to some one , by whom her self is caught . 44. She sway'd by sinfull Beauties destiny , Finds her Tyrannick Pow'r must now expire , Who meant to kindle Goltho in her Eye , But to her breast has brought the raging fire . 45. Yet ev'n in simple Love she uses Art , Though weepings are from looser Eyes but Leaks ; Yet eldest Lovers scarce would doubt her heart , So well she weeps , and thus to Goltho speaks : 46. I might , if I would ask your pardon , Sir , Suspect that pitie which the noble feel When women fail , but since in this I erre To all my Sex , I would to women kneel . 47. Yet happy were our Sex , could they excuse All breach of Modestie , as I can mine , Since 't is from passion which a Saint might use , And not appear less worthy of a shrine . 48. For my brave brother you resemble so Throughout your shape , who late in Combat fell , As you in that an inward Virtue show , By which to me you all the world excell . 49. All was he which the Good of greatness see , Or Love can like , in Judgement match'd by none ; Unless it fail'd in being kind to me , A crime forbid to all , since he is gone . 50. For though I send my Eyes abroad in hope Amongst the Streams of Men still slowing here , To find ( which ▪ is my passion 's utmost scope ) Some one that does his noble Image bear . 51. Yet still I live recluse , unless it seem A liberty too rude , that I in you His likeness at so high a rate esteem , As to believe your heart is kind and true . 52. She casts on Ulfinore a sudden look , Starts like a Mountebank , who had forgot His Viol , and the cursed poison took , By dire mistake before his Antidote . 53. Pray'd Goltho that his friend may straight forbear Her presence , whom ( she said ) resembled so Her noble Brother's cruel Murtherer , As she must now expire , unless he go . 54. Goltho still gravely vain , with formal Face Bids Ulfinore retire , and does pretend Almost to know her Parents , and the place , And ev'n to swear her brother was his friend . 55. But warie Ulfinore ( who beauteous Truth Did never but in plainest Dress behold ) Smiles , and remembers Tales to forward Youth In winter Nights by Countrey Matrons told : 56. Of Witches Towns , where ●eeming Beauties dwell , All hair , and black within , Maids that can flie : Whose Palaces at night are smoaky Hell , And in their beds their slaughter'd Lovers lie . 57. And though the Sun now setting , he no Lights Saw burning blue , nor Steam of Sulphur smelt , Nor took her two black Mer●on Maids for Sp'rites , Yet he a secret touch of Honour felt . 58. For not the craft of Rivalship ( though more Than States wise Rivals study interest ) Can make him leave his friend , till he restore Some cold Discretion to his burning breast . 59. Though to his fears this cause now serious shows , Yet smiles heat his solemn loving Eye : For lust in reading Beautie seldom grows , As old Physitians in Anatomie . 60. Goltho ( said he ) 't is easie to discern That you are grave , and think you should be so ; Since you have bus'ness here of great concern , And think that you this House and Lady know . 61. You 'l stay , and have your Sleep with Musick fed , But little think to wake with Mandrakes groans , And by a Ghost be to a Garden led At midnight , strew'd with simple Lovers bones . 62. This Goltho is enchantment , and so strange , So subt'ly false , that whilst I tell it you , I fear the Spell will my opinion change , And make me think the pleasant vision true . 63. Her dire black Eyes are like the Oxes Eye , Which in the Indian Ocean Tempests brings : Let 's go before our Horses learn to ●lie , Ere she shew ●loven Feet , and they get wings . 64. But high rebellious Love , when counsell'd , soon As sullen as rebuk'd Ambition , grows And Goltho would pursue what he should shun , But that his happier fa●e did interpose . 65. For at the Garden gate a Summons , loud Enough to shew authority and haste , Brought cares to Dalga's Brow , which like a Cloud , Did soon her shining Beauty over cast . 66. Like Thieves surpriz'd whilst they divide their prize , Her Maids run and return through ev'ry room ; Still seeming doubtfull where their safety lies , All speaking with their looks , and all are dumb . 67. She , who to dangers could more boldly wake , With words , swift as those errands which her heart Sends out in glances , thus to Goltho spake : My Mother , Sir , Alas ! You must depart . 68. She is severe , as dying Confessours , As jealous as unable Husbands are , She Youth in Men , like Age in Maids abhors , And has more Spies than any Civil War. 69. Yet would you but submit to be conceal'd , I have a Closet secret as my Brest , Which is to Men , nor Day , no more reveal'd , Than a closs Swallow in his Winters Nest. 70. To this good Goltho did begin to yield , But Ulfinore ( who doubts that it may tend To base retreat , unless they quit the Field ) Does by Example govern , and descend . 71. And now his Eyes ev'n wake with longingness , Ready to break their strings to get abroad , To see this Matron , by whose sole access Dalga in all her furious hopes is aw'd . 72. And as he watch'd her civil Mercurie , The hopefull Page , he saw him entrance give , Not to a Matron still prepar'd to die , But to a Youth wholly design'd to l●ve . 73. He seem'd the heir to prosp'rous Parents toyls , Gay as young Kings , who sue in forreign Courts , Or youthfull Victors in their Persian spoyls , He seem'd like Love and Musick made for sports : 74. But wore his clothing loose , and wildly cast , As Princes high with feasting , who to win Are seldom us'd , shew'd warm , and more unbrac'd Than Ravishers oppos'd in their design . 75. This Ulfinore observ'd , and would not yet In civil pitie undeceive his friend ; But watch the signs of his departing fit , Which quickly did in bashfull silence end . 76. To the Duke's palace they enquir'd the way , And as they slowly rode , a grave excuse Griev'd Goltho frames , vowing he made this stay , For a discov'ry of important use . 77. If Sir ( said he ) we heedlesly pass by Great Towns , like Birds that from the Countrey come But to be skar'd , and on to Forrests flie ; Let 's be no travell'd Fools , but roost at home . 78. I see ( reply'd his friend ) you nothing lack Of what is painfull , curious , and discreet In Travellers , else would you not look back So often to observe this House and Street . 79. Drawing your Citie Map with Coasters care , Not onely marking where safe Channels run , But where the Shelves , and Rocks , and Dangers are , To teach weak strangers what they ought to shun . 80. But , Goltho , flie from Lust's experiments , Whose heat we quench much sooner than asswage , To quench the Fornace-lust stop all the vents , For give it any Air the Flames will rage . FINIS . POST-SCRIPT To the Reader . I Am here arriv'd at the middle of the Third Book , which makes an equal half of the POEM ; and I was now by degrees to present you ( as I promised in the Preface ) the several Keys of the main Building ; which should convey you through such short Walks as give an easie view of the whole Frame . But 't is high time to strike Sail , and cast Anchor ( though I have run but half my Course ) when at the Helm I am threatened with Death ; who , though he can visit us but once , seems troublesom ; and even in the Innocent may beget such a gravitie , as diverts the Musick of Verse . And I beseech thee ( if thou art so civil as to be pleas'd with what is written ) not to take it ill , that I run not on till my last gasp . For though I intended in this POEM to strip Nature naked , and clothe her again in the perfect shape of Virtue , yet even in so worthy a Design I shall ask leave to desist , when I am interrupted by so great an experiment as Dying : and 't is an experiment to the most experienc'd ; for no Man ( though his Mortifications may be much greater than mine ) can say , He has alreadie Dy'd . It may be Objected by some ( who look not on Verse with the Eyes of the Ancients , nor with the Reverence which it still preserves amongst other Nations ) that I beget a POEM in an unseasonable time . But be not thou , Reader , ( for thine own sake , as well as mine ) a common Spectator , that can never look on great Changes but with tears in his Eyes : for if all Men would observe , That Conquest is the Wheels of the World , on which it has ever run , the Victorious would not think they have done so new , and such admirable actions , as must draw Men from the noble and beautiful ▪ Arts , to gaze wholly upon them ; neither would the Conquer'd continue their wonder , till it involve them in sorrow ; which is then the Mind 's incurable Disease , when the Patient grows so sullen , ▪ as not to listen to Remedie : and Poesie was that Harp of David , which remov'd from Saul , the Melancholly Spirit , that put him in a continual remembrance of the revolution of Empire . I shall not think I instruct Militarie Men , by saying , That with Poesie in Heroick Songs , the Wiser Ancients prepar'd their Battels ; nor would I offend the austeritie of such , as vex themselves with the mannage of Civil Affairs , by putting them in mind , that whilst the Plays of Children are punish'd , the plays of Men are but excus'd under the title of Business . But I will gravely tell thee ( Reader ) he who writes an Heroick POEM , leaves an Estate entayl'd ; and he gives a greater Gift to Posteritie , than to the present Age ; for a publick benefit is best measured in the number of Receivers ; and our Contemporaries are but few , when reckon'd with those who shall succeed . Nor could I sit idle , and sigh with such as mourn to hear the Drum ; for if this Age be not quiet enough to be taught Virtue a pleasant way , the next may be at leisure : Nor could I ( like men that have civilly slept , till they are old in dark Cities ) think War a noveltie : For we have all heard , that Alexander walk'd after the Drum from Macedon into India ; and I tell thee ( Reader ) he carry'd Homer in his Pocket ; and that after Augustus , by many Battels had chang'd the Government of the world , he and Mecoenas often feasted very peaceably with Horace : And that the last wi●e Cardinal ( whilst he was sending Armies abroad , and preparing against civil Invasion ) took Virgil & Tasso aside under the Louvre Gallerie , and at a great expence of time and Treasure , sent them forth in new Ornaments . And perhaps , if my POEM were not so severe a representation of Virtue ( undressing Truth even out of those disguises , which have been most in fashion throughout the World ) it might arrive at fair entertainment , though it make now for a Harbour in a Storm . If thou art a malicious Reader , thou wilt remember , my Preface boldly confessed , That a main motive to this undertaking , was a desire of Fame ; and thou mayst likewise say , I may very possibly not live to enjoy it . Truly I have some years ago consider'd , that Fame , like Time , onely gets a reverence by long running ; and that like a River , 't is narrowest where 't is bred , and broadest afar off : but this concludes it not unprofitable ; for he whose Writings divert Men from indiscretion & vice , becomes famous as he is an example to others endeavours : and exemplary Writers are Wiser than to depend on the gratuities of this World ; since the kind looks and praises of the present Age , for reclaiming a few , are not mentionable with those solid rewards in Heaven , for a long and continual conversion of Posteritie . If thou ( Reader ) art one of those , who has been warm'd with Poetick Fire ▪ I reverence thee as my Judge , and whilst others tax me with vanitie , as if the Preface argued my good opinion of the Work , I appeal to thy Conscience , whether it be more than such a necessarie assurance , as thou hast made to thy self in like Undertakings ? For when I observe that Writers have many Enemies , such inward assurance ( me thinks ) resembles that forward confidence in Men of Arms , which makes them proceed in great Enterprise ; since the right examination of abilities , begins with inquiring whether we doubt our selves . Cowes . Castle in the Isle of Wight , October 22. 1650. WILL. D'AVENANT . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A37179-e930 Gondibert lib. 2. Can. 10 6.