A continuation of the defence of Hvgo Grotivs, in an answer to the review of his annotations whereto is subjoyned a reply to some passages of the reviewer in his late book of schisme, concerning his charge of corruptions in the primitive church, and some other particulars / by H. Hammond ... Hammond, Henry, 1605-1660. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A45406 of text R17947 in the English Short Title Catalog (Wing H529). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 131 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 26 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2017 A45406 Wing H529 ESTC R17947 11742084 ocm 11742084 48503 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A45406) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 48503) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 533:7) A continuation of the defence of Hvgo Grotivs, in an answer to the review of his annotations whereto is subjoyned a reply to some passages of the reviewer in his late book of schisme, concerning his charge of corruptions in the primitive church, and some other particulars / by H. Hammond ... Hammond, Henry, 1605-1660. [4], 44 [i.e. 46] p. Printed by J. G. for Richard Royston ..., London : 1657. "A post-script," p. 31-44 [i.e. 33-46] "Errata," 1 leaf at end. Reproduction of original in Bristol Public Library, Bristol, England. eng Grotius, Hugo, 1583-1645. Owen, John, 1616-1683. Socinianism -- Early works to 1800. A45406 R17947 (Wing H529). civilwar no A continuation of the defence of Hugo Grotius, in an ansvver to the review of his annotations. Whereto is subjoyned A reply to some passages Hammond, Henry 1657 21045 4 625 0 0 0 0 299 F The rate of 299 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the F category of texts with 100 or more defects per 10,000 words. 2005-12 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-01 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-01 Ali Jakobson Sampled and proofread 2007-01 Ali Jakobson Text and markup reviewed and edited 2007-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A CONTINUATION OF THE DEFENCE OF HVGO GROTIVS , IN AN ANSWER TO The Review of his ANNOTATIONS . Whereto is subjoyned a REPLY to some passages of the REVIEWER in his late Book of Schisme , concerning his charge of Corruptions in the Primitive Church , and some other particulars . By H. Hammond D. D. LONDON , Printed by J. G. for Richard Royston , at the Angel in Ivy. Lane , M. DC . LVII . To the STATIONER . Mr Royston , I Have been so often called on for the Reply to the Review of Grotius's Annotations , that I am at length inclined to change my former purpose , and permie those few sheets ( prepared as soon as the Review came to my hands , but then laid aside , on a perswasion that they might be safely spared ) to follow the former on that subject , rather then deny to any so easie a request . I am Your Friend , H. H. Septemb. 4. 1656. A CONTINVATION OF THE DEFENCE OF HVGO GROTIVS , In ANSWER to the REVIEW of his Annotations . 1. IF he that hath read the Review of the Annotations of Hugo Grotius , which is offered as a Reply to the second Defence of that learned man ; seem from thence to have any new scruples infused into his mind , it will not cost him many minutes to deposite them , by observing with me this method . 2. First , by adverting ( on the first head that of the satisfaction of Christ ) not onely what fair and large characters of his thoughts lie legible to all men in his Book De satisfactione , written on purpose against Sosinus on this subject , but also how those have been since back'd with indubitable evidences of a later and fresher date , taken from his own express words in his Discussio ( the last thing he wrote ) and in a letter under his own hand ( dated after the time of his surmised change ) written on purpose to forest all this surmise , and to assure us of his constant adhering to that sense which he had delivered in his Book De satisfactione . Which two as they are most irresrugable proofs of the matter in hand , being testimonies of him that certainly best knew his own thoughts , whether he were changed or no , so to neither of these is the least word of Reply here offered by the Reviewer , and so stand in full force against all that is here suggested . 3. Secondly , by remembring that from the a beginning of this debate , the posthumous Annotations on the Epistles were expresly renounced and reiected by me , as departing manifestly from the judgment of that learned man , formerly expressed in those writings which he had completed and published in his life time , and consequently as unsufficient arguments , or testimonies of his change , when produced against his own repeted and express declarations to the contrary ; And yet from these are the proofs now principally brought in this Review , and by the contrariety betwixt these and his Book De satisfact : his change concluded , with what appearance of reason the Reader will soon discern , when he hath considered the premisses , and what shall now occasionally be added thereto . 4. For this manner of dealing two things onely are pleaded in the Review , which here must be regarded , before I proceed : 1. That the Accuser having to deal with that book of Annotations that goes under his name , If they are none of his , it is neither on the one hand or other , of any concernment to him . ] 5. To this I reply , first , that it is in the Reviewer a manifest diversion , a course which is sure to render all debates infinitet In my answer to his Preface of Animadversions on Iguntius's Epistles , &c. I inserted , ex abundanti , one , and onely one Digression , A Defence of the learned H. Grotius . And streightwayes the whole stream of the Controversie is diverted into that one narrow chanel , removed from the question of Episcopacy , to the inquiry into Grotius's his opinions ; and that is one compitent diversion . After this , when both in that my Digression , and also in my second Defence , I had confined my plea to Grotius himself , and those writings published by him in his life time , and known to be written , and perfected by him , expresly rejecting this book of posthumous Annotations on the Epistles , the Reviewer is now pleased principally to insist , and found his charge against Grotius , on those his posthumous Annotations ; which is a perfect diversion again , instead of a reply , and to the waving evidently , because changing of the whole question . 6. Secondly , as uneffectual at this plea it , it is yet much more unreasonable , if circumstances be considered , being evidently prevented , and superseded by that which hath past in this debate . For if there were any truth in those words of his Epistle to the Oxford Heads , [ My Defensative as to my dealing with Grotious's Annotations is suited to what the Doctor pliads in his behalf ] then certainly he must be concern'd in this , which yet he resolves to be none of his concernments ; For it is sure that my plea was framed in Defence of Grotius himself , ( not of those incomplete if not false images of him , those parts of the Annotations , which I professed to reject , and not to plead for . ) Accordingly my words in the first proposal of this matter to debate , were these , [ This very pious , learned , and judicious man hath of late among many fallen under a very unhappy Fate , being most unjustly calumniated sometimes as a Socinian , sometimes as a Papist — ] And then how can this Defensative be , according to his promise , conformed or suited to my plea , if it refer not to the same subject , viz. to Grotius , or those Books of his , which are acknowledged to be his completed , genuine writings ? such alone being competent testifications of his sense , and so measures to judge of his perswasions , whether he were a Socinian or no . 7. A second part of his plea is by reflecting again on that evidence , which , saith he , he had formerly offered from the Printers Preface to the volume of Annotations on the Epistles . ] But here , in the very entrance , is a mistake , which , for the clearing of my self , more then on apprehension of any advantage the Reviewer can gain by it , I must first take notice of . The Evidence was by him b cited from some words of the Preface to the last part of the Annotations , beginning thus , Jam vero sciendum est — To those words there found , I gave answer in my second Defence , p. 7. and he now tels me that a slight in spection will serve to manifest how ill it , i. e. my answer or the sense I gave of the words produced ) agrees with the intention and words of the Prefacer , who , saith he , tells us , that Grotius had himself published his Annotations on the Gospel five years before , and so proceeds , reciting the words of the Prefacer for eight lines together ; and concluding , that if the Apologist read this Preface , he ought to have desisted from the plea insisted on ; If he did not , he thought assuredly he had much reason to despise them with whom he had to do . ] Who would not think there were somewhat herein really mistaken by me , which called for this so solemn rebuke ? But the Reader is intreated to consult the place , or if it be not worth his pains , he may believe me , who made the inspection more then slightly , and can assure him , that there is no part of what he thus now recites , to be met with in that Preface , whence he hath formerly drawn his testimony . I say in that Preface to the last part of the Annotations under Gretius's name , from whence it was , that the words [ Jam viro sciendum — ] were ( truly ) cited , and to which Words it was visible , that I gave that answer , which he now pretends to refute from the intention and words of the Prefacer . 9. The short is , There being two volumes of Annotations set out since Grotius's death ; the former on the Acts , and so on through the Epistles of Saint Paul and Saint James , the later on the other six Catholick Epistles and the Revelation , and before the former of these the Printers Epistle , inscribed , Typographus Lectori , before the latter a Praemonitio ad Lectorem : From the latter of these it is that the words formerly by him produced , Jam verò scieudum — and to which ( consequently ) I gave answer , were cited . And I that obediently and diligently read over that to which I was directed , and there finding the words which were cited , gave my answer to them , such as I thought the words capable of , am now unexpectedly rebuked for not reading it , and more then so for despising those with whom I had to do ; when indeed what is now in the Reply cited from it , is not to be found there , but in the Printers Epistle to another volume . By what means he fell into this mistake , and was by that led into this causeless severity , I leave him upon recollection to consider . 10. I need add no more for the vindicating my self in this matter , yet if I shall now ( having till now no occasion ) attend to this other testimony , now newly alledged by him out of that other Preface , it will soon appear that it neither ( as is pretended ) disproves the answer , which I gave to the words formerly cited from the premonition , nor refutes what I had first said concerning the Posthumous Annotations , and then surely I shall not be much concern'd in it : Not the first ; for my Answer being no more but this , that Opus Integrum signified not that volume completed , and so made integrum intire by Grotius's own hand , but the whole volume or volumes which contained all his {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} Adversaria on the New Testament . ] This is no way refuted , but rather confirmed by these other words of the Typographus Lectori , for there also Opus integrum signifies the whole volume or volumes , as that is opposed to the Magna pars voluminis in the line before , without any respect to its being completed or made intire ; Which alone having been denied by me , my answer is still secured from any force of this Testimony . 11. Not the second ; For if I shall now grant the Printer to have in that Preface delivered the whole and naked truth , ( which I had no obligation to be confident of ) and consequently that Grotius committed to a Friend those Annotations , in order to Printing , yet this no way proves that they were completed and perfected by him ; There is a middle , truly supposable , betwixt these two , viz. that they were by occcasion of the Authors unexpected diversions , delivered to him imperfect . This Remainder of Annotations now by the Reader expected to follow those on the Gospels , and on the Old Testament , and the learned Compiler being now at some leisure to set about it , was suddenly called back from Paris to Sweden , a long voyage , not certain whether ever he should return again ( as indeed he did not ) or whether God would spare him life and vacancy to perfect that work : Having therefore communicated his notes to a learned man ( one by the way , much more addicted to the doctrine of Calvin then Socinus ) going now thence , he left them in his hand , and committed the publishing of them to his care , taking onely with him those sheets which were not legible , which he hastily transcribed in his journey , and , as the Printer tells us , returned them from Hamburge , and these , as by his words appears , belonging to the last volume , that on the Revelation , which therefore had truly thus much of his last hand , as this hasty transcribing comes to ; so hasty that M. who was prepared to write them again for the presse , did almost despair of decyphering them . The rest , those on the Epistles remained in the first rude draught , and are not pretended to have been ( so much as hastily ) transcribed by him , and so never obtained that perfecter growth , that fulness of limbs and lineaments , which I did and do suppose his {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , and greater leisure would have afforded them . Which therefore cannot with any justice be balanced against the contrary evidences and plain words either of his Discussio ( the last thing , as I said , written before his death ) or of his later , dated after his reading of Crellius's and the Socinians interpretations ( to which his supposed change is imputed ) and avowing his continued adherence to his former doctrine , much less of the several passages producible out of his undoubted writings , maturely composed , and publisht by him , which positively and professedly set down his sense , and cannot be prejudiced by such uncertain , feeble suggestions as these , drawn from his supposed misunderstanding of some few pages in the Epistles . And let this serve for a second stage in my proposed method . 12. Thirdly , That adhering to my former method , and , upon the grounds premised , abstracting from or setting aside ( as 't is visible I have done from the first rise of this debate ) these posthumous Annotations , upon account of some heterodox mixtures in them discernible , especially in the matter of our justification , and the satisfaction of Christ , and some other particulars , elsewhere noted , and confining our discourse ( more reasonably ) to those Annotations , which he perfected and published in his life time , i. e. to those on the Gospels and on the Old Testament , taking in also all his other writings whatsoever ; There cannot be any ground of suspicion concerning his change , nor want of instances ( which the Reviewer now requires ) to disprove his Vniversal Negative , and to invalidate the charge brought against that learned man , of his wresting to another sense every text of Scripture , wherein testimony is given to that sacred truth , or at least concealing and obscuring the doctrine of them . ] 13. I shall therefore , being now admonished of Quintilians rule of aut negandum aut defendendum , do my duty in observing it , and formally deny his position , of every text , &c. and for contrary instances , begin with Matth. 20. 28. where the son of man is said to give his life a {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , or ransome for many . Here , saith Grotius , Puto respici vaticinium , Isa. 53. 10. ubi dicitur , si Christus vitam suam dedisset {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , quod hic rectè {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} vertitur , fore , ut sui cognitione multos justificaret , & postea , ipse peccata multorum tulit . Here first , the parallel is set by Grotius betwixt the Evangelist and the Prophet Isaiah , and to that 53 of that Prophecy is brought this sense , of Christ's giving his life a ransome for many , i. e. of his satisfaction , and yet farther explained by that other phrase of the Prophet there used , his bearing the sins of many , and the like , Heb. 9. 28. his being offer'd to bear the sins of many . 14. Secondly , The {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} or ransome here is interpreted by the Hebrew {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} or sacrifice for sin there , and after more fully , by sacrificium piaculare , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , an expiatorie , propitiatorie sacrifice for sin , victima lustralis — and the giving his life a ransome , the offering it up such a sacrifice for many , and this as the ground or condition of his justifying many by the knowledge of him , which what is it but the founding of our justification in the propitiatory sacrifice of Christ's death , i. e. in the satisfaction wrought by it for us ? 15. So Mat. 26. 28. Where Christs bloud of the New Testament is said to be shed for many for the remission of sins . Here , saith he , Puto Danielis oraculum respici , in quo de Messiâ dictum est , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , cum praecessisset {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ad expianda peccata . Adde quae Rom. 5. 15. ( it should be 10. ) sic & in Barnabae quae dicitur Epistola , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} . Adding , Simul autem transit Christus à comparatione foederum ad comparationem sacrificiorum piacularium , in quibus anima pecudis offerebatur , velut succedanea anima hominis qui mortem meruisses , unde victima ferre peccata dicebatur in lege . Hinc mo●i victima pro homine — Here again , i. e. the words of Daniel of making reconciliation for iniquity , and confirming the covenant with many , c. 9. 24. 27. are set as a Prophecy parallel to this Evangelical truth of Christs bloud of the New Testament being shed for the expiating of our sins . So likewise Rom. 5. 10. of our being reconciled to God , when we were enemies , by the death of his Son . And all these three illustrated by the plain words of Barnabas's Epistle , that Christ offered up himself the vessel of the Spirit , a sacrifice for our sins . 2. It is here affirmed of his bloud , that it was an expiatory sacrifice , such as wherein one is offered up in stead of the other which had deserved death , and is accordingly said to bear the sin of the other . And then what could be more expresse to the doctrine of satisfaction , then these three places of Prophet , Evangelist , and Apostle , thus interpreted , which being added to the former , and now laid before the Reviewer ( willing to have perswaded the Reader these were none such , because I formerly thought it needless to produce them ) will sure now passe for {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , instances as competent as any Quintilian would exact , to disprove the Vniversal proposition of the [ not one text in the whole Scripture — which is not wrested to another sense , or at least the doctrine concealed and obscured by these Annotations . ] 16. But here on this ocasion the place in his Annotations on Isa. 53. is by the Reviewer resumed , as hopeful to yield some colour to infer his charge ; Where , saith he , he gives such an exposition of the whole Chapter , as is manifestly and universally inconsistent with any such design on the words , as that which he intends to prove from them in his Book De satisfact and in particular tels you in his Annotations on the place , as also on 1 Pet. 2. 24. that {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} signifies auferre , which with all his strength he had there contended against . 17. To this I answer , 1. ( as to his exposition of the whole chapter ) that I have already told him , that Grotius endeavoured to find a first sense of the words of that Prophecy , so as to belong peculiarly to the Jews usage of the Prophet Jeremy , and that I acknowledge not to be appliable alwayes to their usage of Christ . But beside this , saith he , there is a more principal and sublime sense , and that oft the more literal of the two , wherein the whole chapter belongs to Christ , but this sense being more vulgarly markt by others , is onely in general , once for all , pointed at by him , in those short Annotations , being also more fully explicated elsewhere , in a set discourse on that subject . 18. This answer being formerly given by me , the Reviewer is now pleased to mistake , and to change it into a distinction betwixt the literal and mystical sense of a place , and then to undertake that his perverting the first literal sense of the chapter , or giving it a completion in any person but Christ , is no lesse then blasphemy . But to this I reply , that my words are misreported by the disputant , and agreeably my sense also . For I distinguisht not betwixt the literal and mystical sense of the place ( or if I had , I must much have wronged Grotius , who resolved the words to belong oft more literally or {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} to Christ , than to any other ) but betwixt the first and literal interpretation , which had its immediate completion among the Jews , near that time , wherein it written , and the more remote , concerning Christ : that indeed mystical , because veiled under the first , but literal also , because that to which the very words belonged as properly , oft more properly , than to the other ; As when the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} or plain word without any figure belongs to Christ , and onely the figurative interpretation of it , the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} to Jeremy . Of these two senses Grotius makes frequent mention in his interpretations . See the note on Zach. 9. 9. Behold thy King shall come , which , saith he , primo & maxime obvio sensu , in the first and most obvious sense belongs to Zorobabel , but sublimiore quodam sensu , in a more sublime sense to the Messias ; And many the like . 19. If thus the Reviewer had understood my words ( which I then thought plain enough , till I saw them misapprehended ) I am in charity to think he would not have deemed it little lesse then blasphemy , thus to interpret words of some other in a first , but that lesse principal sense , which belong to the Son of God in the more principal and sublime sense , more remote in time of completion , but not in respect of the propriety of the words . 20. This the instance did evince , which I gave from the words , [ out of Egypt have I called my Son ] which evidently had a first sense in the Israelites , a second , equally literal in Christ , and so 't is applied in the New Testament ; and many more might be brought of affinity with it , if there were need of them . 21. It will be more to the purpose of vindicating Grotius's intention , and clearing the whole matter , that I give the Reader one signall passage from him , by which his sense must in all reason be judged , being by him premised before his interpretation of the latter part of this Prophecy , from chap. 40. which he generally interprets in a first sense , of matters that belonged to the Jews from the time of their deportation , to the Maccabees , &c. but acknowledges to contain also , and that more simply and more clearly the matters of Christ . 22. The words are in the prooeme to Isa. 40. Cum autem omnia Dei beneficia umbram in se contintant corum quae Christus prastitit , tum praecipuè ista omnia quae deincept ab Isaiâ praenuntiabantur , verbis saepissime à Deo sic directis , ut simplicius limpidiusque in res Christi , quam in illas quas primò significare Esaias voluit , convenirent . Whereas all Gods blessings have in them a shadow of those things which Christ performed , this is especially applicable to all those things which in the ensuing chapters ( this of chap. 53. must needs be comprehended in that style ) are foretold by Isaiah ; the words most often being so directed by God , that they agree more simply and clearly to the matters of Christ , than to those which Isaias would first signifie by them . 23. Here is the ground of what I said of the first sense of these prophecies , viz. that which Isaias first meant to signifie by them , supposing that there was somewhat else , belonging to Christ , which in a second sense or later completion he signified also , and the words so directed by God the wise disposer , that they most simply and clearly , i. e. without figures ( which are usual in prophecies ) belonged to him . This being by him said once for all , of all those prophecies that follow , doth by perfect equivalence , ( a collective being as full and ●fficacious as a distributive ) conclude of every particular , and consequently of this fifty third before us ( of which he again gives the same account as hath been said , particularly , when he comes unto it ) and of every verse in it , that it most clearly & literally belongs to Christ , though in Jeremy he supposed it had another interpretation . And so this , I now hope , will be deemed satisfactory , as to the general , to vindicate his exposition of the whole chapter , and the having mention'd it may be in some degree necessary to the preserving of them from misprisions who read not those notes intirely , that they may comprehend the sense of the whole prophecies , ( which is the proper'st use of them ) but cast their eyes upon some particular texts , to satisfie their present wants , or curiosities . 24. But then secondly , for the particular verse 11. I answer , 1. that in the Annotation on 1 Pet : 2. 24. I cannot be concern'd , having oft resolved that , as the rest on the Epistles , to be unsufficient to give us his sense . As for that on Isaiah , if it were true , that he had there interpreted {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} auferet , 1. this could not have been justly charged upon him , as a Socinian interpretation , Tertullian having given him authority for it , as he cites it , on Mat. 8. 17. and indeed that Evangelist too having there applied that prophecy to {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , the bearing their bodily diseases , which sure was so to be understood , as should denote his curing , ( i. e. his auferet , taking them away ) and not his bearing them in their stead , taking upon him all the diseases which he cured in any . But then 2. 't is clear , that he doth not so interpret it [ auferre to take away ] as to exclude , but expresly to include the ferre , or bearing also ; Auferet , saith he , as applied to Jeremy , by a metonymie , but that founded in the other of bearing , as the literal , quia qui sordes auferunt , solent ●as collo supposito portare ; so that the literal of bearing , or carrying our iniquities , is ( by the former observation ) left to be completed in Christ , who did both bear and take away the sins of the world , and nothing by Grotius is here affirmed , or interpreted to the contrary of that . And so much for the other part of the Objection , and so for the third part of my method . 25. Fourthly , when I had proposed to consideration two things for the preventing all jealousie of any after change in Grotius , and the Reviewer had taken notice of one of them , under the style of my first observation , and offered some semblance of answer to it , pag. 6. before he comes to the second , he cannot , as he saith , but suppose , that he is already absolved from a necessity of farther procedure — ] by that means freeing himself from giving any heed to that argument which I had laid greatest weight on , as that which of all others was most considerable in this business , viz. Grotius's own words ( who certainly knew his own heart , better then any accuser , or diviner can be supposed to do , and ought to be believed , rather then any contrary surmises concerning him ) expresly testifying his constancy in adhering still ( now after the time of his supposed change ) to what he had delivered in his Book De satisfactione . Herein I shall leave the Reader to pass the judgment , whence that absolution was derived to the Reviewer , by which he could not but suppose himself freed from any necessity of considering this evidence , when yet he was at leisure ( by way of commutation ) to heap up contrary appearances from the Annotations on the Epistles , which I profest not to allow to be his , and therefore could not be concern'd in the producing of them . 26. Here onely I had exprest my opinion that the Notes on the Apocalypse , had ( as I still think I have been informed , and have already premised some proof of it ) received from his own pencil the very lineaments , and colours , wherein they appear ; And therefore when he pitches on one Annotation on that Book Rev. 1. 5. Christ's washing us from our sins in his bloud , where he thinks the satisfaction of Christ concealed , and the Socinian interpretation taken up by Grotius , contrary to his manner of explicating and applying it in his Book De satisfactione ; This will require to be a while considered by me . 27. The words of Grotius he hath rightly set down , but I suppose not sufficiently considered the latter part of them , which runs thus , Dicitur Christus suo sanguine nos lavisse , quia & ipse omnia praestitit , quae ad id requirebantur ; Christ is said to have washt us with his bloud , because he performed all things which were required to it , i. e. to the washing of the soule . Which words are certainly of competent largenesse to contain ( and so exclude not ) the doctrine of satisfaction , that being of the number of those things , which in Gods counsel , were appointed , and so required to the washing of our souls ; This being considered , it will be no prejudice to that learned man , that in the former words he took in Socinus's interpretation of [ morte suâ certos nos reddidit veritatis eorum quae docuerat , quae talia sunt , ut nihil sit aptius ad purgandos à vitiis animos — ] For of that there is no question , but that Christ by his death did give us assurance of the truth of his doctrine , and that this assurance is very apt to purge us from our evil and vitious courses . In respect of which purgation Saint Paul himself saith , Tit. 2. 4. that Christ gave himself ( that is surely even to dye ) for us , that he might redeem us from all in quity ( the power as well as guilt of it ) and purifie unto himself a peculiar people , zealous of good works . And Gal. 1. 4. he gave himself for our sins ( and thereby , I suppose , made a satisfaction for us ) that he might deliver us from this present evil world , from the vices and abominations thereof . And Eph. 5. 25. Christ gave himself for the Church , that he might sanctifie and cleanse it , that he might present it unto himself a glorious Church ; not having spot or wrinkle or any such thing . From whence I conclude that the Socinians errour consists not herein , that they affirm this , but that they say this is all that Christ did by his death , and so exclude his satisfaction ; which can by no means be affirmed of Grotius , who , as he wrote a Book in defence of it , so in this very place ascribes to Christ the performing omnia all things , indefinitely , which were required to the washing of our souls , from which number his expiatory sacrifice was never excluded by Grotius ? 28. And then it may be fit to be remembred , that as the denying the satisfaction of Christ is one great errour justly charged on the Socinians , so the confining the effects of the death of Christ , to that one head of satisfaction , is an errour also , very carefully to be averted by him , that desires to reap benefit by Christs death . 29. After his view of this place he is pleased ( to prevent the Readers farther trouble ) to refer him to Grotius's Annotation on one place more of the Revelation , chap. 13. 9. and I have observed his directions , and can assure him , there is not there one word to this matter . Onely that Arethas rightly applies the phrase [ from the foundation of the world ] to the word [ book ] not to the word [ slain ] evincing it from the parallel place , chap. 17. 8. where so it is joyned [ Whose names are written in the book of life from the foundation of the world ] the book of life , in one place , and the book of life of the lamb slain , or the slain lambs book of life , in the other , being perfectly aequipollent . 30. The remainder of the Catalogue of Texts , that is added , is all again out of the Epistles , and so hath already more then once been accounted for , by denying the Annotations on them to have been perfected by Grotius . And this is all that need to be considered , in reference to the first branch of the suggestion , that concerning the doctrine of the satisfaction of Christ . 31. On the second Socinian head of doctrine , that concerning the Deity of Christ , whereon the Disputer had affirmed [ that of all the texts of the Old and New Testament , whereby the Deity of Christ is usually confirmed , — Grotius hath not left any more then one , if one , speaking any thing clearly to this purpose . ] I thought I had given some matter of conviction , by referring to that learned man's . Annotations on John 1. when both that one signal text is left by him speaking clearly to this purpose , and many other places of Scripture are mentioned , and interpreted , and applied to the same sense , as parallel , and answerable to that . To this he replies , that this of John 1. was the one place by him expresly excepted , and therefore this instance would not evade the charge . And for the other places , Prov. 8 , &c. he is pleased to suppose , that on the view of my defence men must needs suppose that in the Annotations on the places repeted ; Grotius must give their sense , as bearing witness to the Deity of Christ ; Hereupon he will turn to the several places , and give the Reader an account of them . ] 32. But before he proceed to that , and to save the pains of many of them , it may be soon considered , that what Grotius doth in the Notes on John 1. is as truly his act , as any thing that is done by him in any other place , much more so , than what is publisht under his name , in the Annotations on the Epistles , and consequently that as many places as he hath there affirmed to be parallel to John 1. 1. so many places he hath left speaking clearly to this purpose . Grotius had not at that time publisht any other Notes on any part of the Bible , but those onely on the Gospels . On the rest of the New Testament he never lived to publish any , yet here on John 1. hath affirmed the words of Saint Paul , Col. 1. 16. [ all things were created by Christ — ] to be agreeable to the words of Saint John , that without him was nothing made that was made . Is it not now as visible , that he hath left that place of Col. 1. 16. speaking clearly to the Deity and creative power of Christ , by which all things were at first made , as if he had lived to set out Annotations purposely on that place , and had therein so interpreted it ? This certainly is so clear , that I cannot yet doubt ( what ever the Reviewers sarcasme would suggest ) of being a successful advocate in this matter . 33. The same is again as clear of 2 Pet. 3. 5. and of the two places brought by him , in concent with it , from the Chaldee Paraphrast on Isai. 45. 12. & 48. 13. to testifie that by this {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , i. e. by the word of the Lord , Christ , the whole world was founded ; which again ( though he never should mention them again in all his writings ) are yet solemnly left by him , to testifie clearly to the Deity of Christ ; And so more than that one of John 1. 34. But the place more largely recited by Grotius to this purpose , is that of Prov. 8. from verse 23. A seculo habui principatum , I was set up from everlasting , to verse 27. when he prepared the heavens I was there ; And this the Reviewer thinks fit to examine , by repairing to his Annotations on the Old Testament , and there 1. he finds his first note on the Wisdome there spoken of to be [ Haec de eâ sapientiâ quae in lege apparet exponunt Hebraei , & sane ei , si non soli , at praecipuè haec attributa conveniunt ] and this he thinks a very advantageous discovery , for if they agree solely or principally to the wisdome that shines in the Law , how can they be the attributes of the person of the Son of God ? 35. But I answer , that note of his is on the first verse of that chapter , far enough from verse 23. where the citation in his Note on John 1. begins . And why might not many parts of the character of wisdome be by the Jews duly applied to the Law ( as will appear if you read the former part of the chapter for above twenty verses together ) and yet the latter and sublimer part of its character be competible onely to Christ , the eternal wisdome of the Father ? And why should not Grotius's [ haec ] on verse 1. rather belong to those former 20 verses , than to the 23 &c. which he there ( as in the Notes on the Gospels ) expresly interprets so , as that verse 27. and 30. be all one with John 1. 1. and so Prov. 9. 1. Wisdome built her an house , i. e. saith he , corpus humanum , a mans body , which is not applicable to any thing , but Christ in his incarnation . And so I hope this artifice hath stood the Reviewer in little stead . 36. But then , saith he , On verse 22. Grotius affirmes of {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} that it is rendred not amiss by the Chaldee {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} and by the Septuagint {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , though he knew that sense was pleaded by the Arrians , and expleded by the ancient Doctors of the Church . ] 37. To this I answer , That Grotius's words , [ sensu non malo si creare sumas pro facere ut appareat ] signifie not , that that rendring is not amisse , for he had formerly exprest his opinion of that , that Aquila and Symmachus and Theodesian their rendring it by {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , was well agreeing or answerable to the Hebrew {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} but that the other which was not the right rendring , might yet bear a tolerable , or not ill sense , if it were interpreted to signifie no more than that which he there names , viz. [ making to appear ] a sense which the Fathers never exploded , nor was fit to be pretended by the Arrians , or favoured by any in kindness to them . 38. This therefore was but a weak foundation of that confidence , with which the Reviewer concludes , that of the Son of God , the essential wisdome of God , subsisting with the Father , we have not one word ] especially when he had himself confest that [ on verse 27. he addes , aderam , i. e. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} John 1. 1. ] for certainly if those words of wisdome , when he prepared the heavens I was there , and the same again verse 30. ( to which also he refers the Reader , though the Reviewer pleased not to see it ) When he appointed the foundations of the earth , then was I by him ] be all one with [ the word was with God ] John 1. 1. there is then some word of the Son of God , the essential wisdome , in those Notes , and perfectly as much as is proportionable to the manner of those very short Annotations on the Old Testament . 39. To which may be added , that by interpreting the phrase [ his wayes . ] verse 22. by operationes Dei , the operations of God , the sense of that verse ( which the Reviswer thinks perverted or obscured ) must in his rendring run thus , In the beginning of his operations God possessed this eternal wisdome , the Son of God , which will be still to the same sense ; And then the Note on chap. 9. 1. sets down the incarnation of this eternal word , or wisdome ; And what could have been more punctual against the Socinian interest , than all this , being thus briefly amassed together , if the Reviewer would have but the patience to discern it ? 40. What he adds by way of wonderment , that I should add the places of Isa. 45. 12. and 48. 13. to the number of texts interpreted by Grotius to this matter of the Deity , is soon satisfied , by remembring ( what was visible enough before ) that the Chaldee Paraphrast in those and many other places rendring the word [ God ] by [ God and his word ] is fitly brought by Grotius , as a witness , that the world was created by the word of God , as that is God , and that that is the sense of those places . Which if it be , then are those texts of Scripture left by Grotius , to testifie to this truth of the Deity of the word of God , i. e. of Christ . 41. Now for the principal place that of John 1. 1. the Reviewer hath exprest his dislikes also to that , and mention'd some grounds thereof , 1. that Grotius is very careful of ascribing an {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ] But if by this phrase he would signifie him unwilling to ascribe an hypostasis to the word , this is misrepresented by him ; for 't is evident , Grotius expresses no dislike to that style , all that he saith that way , is , vecem {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} — non à primis Christianis usurpatam , cùm contra {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} dixerit Athanasius , Synodi Nicaena , Sardicensis , & Romanae aliquot , that that word , and some others was not used by the first Christians , that Athanasius , and the Nicene , Sardicene , and some Roman Councels affirmed , that there was one hypostasis . And all these , I hope , are so contrary to the Arrian , that if Grotius should chuse to speak with them , he could with no justice be accused of that heresie , or obscuring the Deity of Christ by so speaking . 42. And yet it is farther clear , that from Origen & others after him , he cites the distinction of hypostases , and what could he have done more to obtain the Reviewers favour , then to cite it from them , that used , and not pretend it from them , that used it not ? 43. That he hath interweaved many Platonick interpretations of {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} is also in the second place suggested , and at once , that he hath darkened the whole counsel of God in that place . ] But I hope there is no heresie in letting the Christian Reader know , how much Platonists and hethen Philosophers have by groping discoverd of divine truths , and to me it is not imaginable , that when the Christian doctrine is once declared , such additions as these should by being subjoyned ex abundanti , obscure what was once made clear , and so darken the whole counsel of God . 44. Thirdly , It may not be amisse , saith he , to observe , that not onely the Arians , but Photinus himself acknowledged that the world was made {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ] And to this I answer , that what is wide of the mark , to which it is directed , no way sufficient to infer the desired conclusion , is ( in the managing of a controversie ) amiss to be observed ; And such will this observation appear to be ; For the matter of the question being a charge against Grotius , of Socinian doctrine , what can be concluded ( to that ) from the bare mention of the Arians , and Photinus his acknowledgments , unless first it be proved , that Grotius was an Arian , or Photinian , and secondly that all Arians and Photinians are Socinians ? Either of which , as they have not the least appearance of truth in them , so are they not so much as attempted here to be proved by the author of this observation . On the contrary , there are these five shrewd prejudices against it . 1. That what the Arians say in this matter , Photinus doth not say , and so they were not fit to be put together . 2. That what the Arians say , Grotius doth not say . 3. That what the Photinians say , neither the Arians , nor Grotius do say . 4 : That the Socinians do in this differ much both from Arians and Photinians ; and yet 5. That Grotius differs as much ( or more ) from the Socinians herein , as he doth from either of the other two . 45. All this will appear by viewing severally the Arians , and Photinians , and Socinians doctrine in this point , and the distance of Grotius's interpretation from each of these . For the first , Arius did indeed acknowledge in his d Epistle , that God did by his onely Son make {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , the worlds and the rest , and in the words of the text , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , that all things were made by him , and without him was nothing made that was made . But sure this was no part of his heresie , ( if it were , the Scripture as well as Grotius , must be involved in it , who affirmed it equally ) but that he first affirmed Christ to be himself a creature , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , saith he , he by whom God created the world was a perfect creature of Gods , though created {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , before all ages ; and again saith Epiphanius , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , though they call him a creature , yet they confess him above all his creatures . So again speaking of the Holy Ghost , they will have him to be {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , the creature of a creature , where still that is Arius his heresie , in this matter , that he made Christ a creature , and to that applied the Septuagints rendring of the place Prov. 8. of {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , God created me , and consequently would not allow him to be {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , of the same substance , or equal with the Father . And when Grotius saith any thing in favour of this doctrine , of Christ's being a creature , or denies his equality with the Father , then he must pass for an Arian ; ( Of which he hath not yet had the luck to be accused , that I know of ; ) But 't is certain he hath not done so , nay on the other side , 't is competently evident , if but by the notion which he applies to {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} in his Annotations on Prov. 8. ( to rescue that rendring from an evil sense ) that he utterly rejects that notion wherein the Arian took it , viz. for creating , and so that he is herein profestly free from that heresie . 46. As for Photinus in the second place , 't is certain his heresie , like that of Paulus Samosatenus , consisted in denying that Christ had a being , or subsistence from the beginning , or before the Holy Ghost's coming upon Mary , so saith b Epiphanius , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} — Now though this heretick was content to acknowledge that the Father made the world {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , by the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} which was in him , yet that it was not Christ which he understood by that style , is most clear , both by his denying Christ to have had then any subsistence , and 2. by the similitude , by which he exprest himself , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , as a man by {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} doth what he will ( by {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} meaning a kind of Idea in the agents mind , by , or according to which he doth any thing ) so by his own {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , or by the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} which is in him the Father hath made all things ; but especially by Epiphanius's way of confuting him , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} — The {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} in man , whether the word of the mind within , or the word spoken cannot be called man , but the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} of man , whereas the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} in Saint John is said to be God . And so as Photinus saying [ all things were made by the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , which was in God ] said quite another thing from what Arius had said ( and therefore this Reviewers observation was in that respect guilty of that fallacy , which Aristotle calls plurium interrogationum ) so is it most certain , that Grotius's interpretation of the Evangelist , it no way consonant to Photinus ( any more then to Arius ) his notion . For when to those words of the Evangelist [ In the beginning was the word ] his note is , Jam ium erat , sic mos est Hebraeis aternitatem populariter describere ] which defines the eternity of his being , he brings for explication of that forme of speech , the words of Justine , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , he was subsistent before the worlds . So again on those words [ the word was with God ] he saith this was in opposition to his being seen in the world in his incarnation , vult enim dicere , antè eum fuisse inconspicuum , he would express that before his incarnation , he was invisible ; adding for proof , Dicitur enim Deus {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , 1 Tim. 1. 17. for God is said to be invisible , and to inhabit the light which none approcheth ; by all which it is clear , that by [ the word ] he understands invisible God himself , being or subsisting eternally with the Father , which is in every part contrary to Photinus's doctrine , as hath been shewed . 47. Thirdly , for the Socinians their interpretation is known to differ toto coelo in this particular both from Arius , and Photinus , being after this manner , that c In the beginning of the spiritual world , or the Gospel , the word , that Son of God , which was born of Mary in Augustus's reign , so called in respect of his office , which was to make known Gods word to men , was with God , i. e. before John's preaching , was , as the word , or in respect of this office , known to none but to God : That this word is God , i. e. that Christ was so called ( as Angels and Princes are ) in respect of the great benefits which we receive from him , and the dignity to which he is by God advanced , ( distinctly denying that he is the supreme God , the author of all things , or creator of the world ) that all things were created by him , i. e. all the new spiritual and divine things , which are under the Gospel done in the world , and so on in concerdance with this Foundation . From every part of which Grotius's explications of that text are most remote , as hath already appeared , and have not the least infusion of this leven discernable in them , as will be evident to any , who shall but cast an eye on his Notes on that place . Of the Notes on the Epistles which came out since his death , this cannot be said , for there many of these , or the like Socinian interpretations are crept in , some words of the Epistles expounded in a sense expresly contrary to what he hath here incidentally said of the same words . This I have pointed at in one eminent instance , the place to the Colossians , chap. 1. 16. of the worlds being made by Christ , and thereon founded my resolution , that they were none of his , not consequently did I ever permit my plea for him , to be extended to the justifying of them . Thus much may suffice for the supernumerary observation , which being sure , meant to insinuate somewhat , it now appears with what justice it was produced by him . By the way I suppose my account also given , why the interpretations of John 1. and Prov. 8. of the world being made by {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} the word of God , were by me formerly produced , as irrefragable evidences , that this learned man inclined not to the Socinians in this matter of the Deity of Christ . The Reviewer may now judge what reason I had for it . 48. Lastly , there being a threefold {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , 't is suggested that nothing but {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} was by Grotius intended in those Annotations on John 1. 1. but withall 't is confest , that much from some quotations there used may be said against it . ] And if there may , and if those quotations be so clear , as those out of Justine Martyr , and Athenagoras , of Christ's presubsisting before the worlds , of his being God before the worlds , that from the beginning God being an eternal mind , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , had the word in himself eternally , and if the negative [ nothing but {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ] be not reconcileable with any one mention of any thing else , such as Christ's being God , and with God from all eternity ; upon these grounds , I say I shall confess it the prudentest course , which the Reviewer here hath taken , viz. to defer the undertaking of this task , and to add no more , than the unproved suggestion , till space of greater leisure . 49. In reproching of me for a triumphant close , he is now pleased to give an Essay of his own humility , in heaping these severals into one period , 1. That he said not Grotius was a Socinian . 2. That in his Annotations on the six verses in the Proverbs , two in Isaiah , one in Saint Peter , one in Saint Paul , added to many in the beginning of Saint John , Grotius speaks not one word to the purpose . 3. That he doth not interpret Christ's eternal subsistence with God , so as to a personal subsistence . 50. To these three I briefly answer . To the first , That the onely thing that in my first Digression ( or second Defence of Grotius ) I undertook in behalf of that learned man , being the injustice of the charge , of his being sometimes a Socinian , sometimes a Papist , sometimes both ; This is by the Reviewer in his Epistle to the Oxford Heads undertaken to be refuted , which can never be done , unless he both say and prove , that Grotius was a Socinian . To the second , That , as hath now appeared , Grotius hath spoken to the purpose of the Deity of Christ , on the eighth of the Proverbs ( as of his incarnation on the ninth ) as well as on John 1. And for the other places , as it is sufficient that he hath recited them to that purpose on John 1. so the account is clear why he is not found to do it elswhere . On Isaiah keeping himself to the literal Hebrew , he had no occasion in those concise notes , to take notice of that , which onely the Chaldee there had said . The other two are in the Epistles , on which the Annotations , which are published under his name , are by me deemed imperfect , and not to carry his full sense with them . To the third as before , That he cites out of Origen , and others after him , the use of the word hypostases , and the distinction of them . Onely he saith the word was not used à primis Christianis , by the first Christians , any more then {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} &c. And so it is certain it was not . 51. In the next place , I am reproved that I neither make inquiry into his Treatise , for the places in the Old Testament , wherein the Deity of Christ is testified to , and are corrupted by that learned man , nor yet will look into Grotius's Annotations on those texts , which I remember at all times to be pleaded to that purpose . To this I answer , 1. That I never undertook the vindicaton of all Grotius's Annotations , nor ever said any thing , which should ingage me in such a long task as this . 2. The discouragements , which I mentioned to have already received from making inquiry into this Reviewers former Treatise , were taken from what had appeared from Grotius on John 1 : compared with , and found evidently to supersede this Authors suggestions of [ but one , if one place , in all the Bible , left by Grotius clearly testifying this truth ] For when , beside that of John 1. I found there so many more , put together , particularly Prov. 8. verse 23. — largely set down , and in the Annotations on the Proverbs , found the same sense adhered to , and a reference back again to John 1. where he had spoken so largely on this matter , what need was there of farther inquiry for that , which had thus readily offered it self ? 52. Now to my two suppletory considerations , he hath his replies also ; To the first , by confessing , what I desire , that one express text of Scripture , is sufficient for the confirmation of a divine truth ] but then , denying that five places have been by me produced out of the Annotations of Grotius for the confirmation of the truth pleaded about . ] 53. To this I answer , 1. that if any one be sufficient to confirm this divine truth , then Grotius hath been demonstrated sufficiently to have confirmed it , who hath evidently brought John 1. which is one such text . Secondly , that that text , and Prov. 8. 23 — he hath certainly not depraved , nor kept back from testifying to this truth ; So likewise Col. 1. 18. and 2 Pet. 3. 5. if we may judge by his own words on John 1. and not by the posthumous Annotations , which I deem not competent measures to judge him by , and so there are four of the five . Thirdly , he hath there also applied to it the places of Isaiah , in the Chaldee reading , and these superadded to the former , are very sufficient to confirme a divine truth , and that is all I said in this matter . But then Fourthly , as the conciseness of his Notes on the Old Testament , and his desire to clear the first , and nearest sense of the Prophecies , such as pertain'd to the then approching affairs of the Jews , are a competent account of his not inlarging to the more remote and ultimate completions in Jesus Christ . So his general advertisements , more then once given ( such as hath been produced from his Preface to Isa. 40. and to Isa 53. ) are sufficient to testifie his acknowledgment of Christ's being predicted in those places of the Prophets , where his Annotations on the several verses make no particular mention of him . And so , when he gives a sense of Isa. 9. 6. which immediately belonged ( in his opinion ) to Hezekiah , and according to that , interprets every part of that verse , he yet thus prefaceth it , sic tamen ut multò excellentius haec ad Messiam pertinere non Christiani tantum agnoscant , sed & Chaldaeus hoc loco ] thus giving onely a lower notion of the words to Hezekiah , and reserving the sublimer and more excellent to Christ . So again chap. 11. 1. Redit ad Hezechiae . laudes , sub quibus sensu sublimiore latent laudes Messiae ; and many passages there are to the same purpose : As others also of referring to the Annotations on the Gospels , wherein he hath spoken so largely of this sublimer completion of ohe Prophecies , that he would not repete them in the places of the Prophets , to which they belonged . 54. In the next place he comes to the comparison betwixt Calvin's and Grotius's dealing in this matter , and makes many offers of answer , to which I am concern'd to make particular replies . 55. First , he denies Mr Calvine equally chargeable , or in any degree of proportion with Grotius . To which I answer , that whether he be , or be not truly chargeable , in any degree , I am not concern'd to examine , having not accused him , but onely made the parallel betwixt that learned man and Grotius , in this , that each of them have by some been deemed chargeable . 2. The comparison which I made , was not of the equality , or indeed of the degree of proportion , but exprest with such caution , as sufficiently prevented that reply , my words being these , that it will upon inquiry be found in some degree ; if not equally chargeable , on the learnedst and most valued of the Reformers , particularly on Mr Calvin himself , &c. Here I said , in some degree , but proceeded not to define the equality , or to consider what proportion that degree held with that wherein Grotius was chargeable , not indeed believing that either Grotius or Calvin had given any reasons for that charge , which I see lie heavy on both of them . 56. 3. The comparison of equality , which I made between these two learned men , referred onely to the bitterness and injustice of the accusations and contumelies that fell upon them , on that account , in these words , [ Calvin himself hath been as bitterly and unjustly accused and reviled on this account , as ever Erasmus was by Bellarmine or Beza , or is probably Grotius can b. ] And there will be no way to disprove my comparison in this , but by heaping far more unjust reproches on Grotius , then yet this Reviewer hath done , which if others are resolved to do , yet shall I not thereby be refutable , who , as justice and charity obliged me , affirmed it onely not probable that they would . 57. In the next place he requires me to prove of Mr Calvin that he hath in all his Commentaries on the Scripture , corrupted the sense of any text , giving expresse testimonies to the Deity of Christ , and commonly pleaded to that end and purpose , although he deny not but that he differs from the common judgment of most in the interpretation of some few prophetical passages judged by them to relate to Christ . ] 58. To this I answer , 1. That the latter part of this ( his not denying &c. ) is in effect the confessing all that I had said of Mr Calvin , which was but this , that he was by some charged of disarming the Church of her defences against adversaries , by diverting those places of Scripture which had formerly been used to assert the great mysteries , to other inferior ends ; And then I need undertake no farther tasks of supererogation , such as the proving Mr Calvin to have corrupted the sense of any text &c. which he knows I never affirmed of him . Yet remembring him that I am not now to speak my own sense , but onely to justifie the truth of my report , that Mr Calvin and some of the first Reformers have been severely accused and reviled on this account . I shall now 2. ( instead of g many ) refer the Reader to Schlussetburgius a Lutheran superintendent , in his Second Book De Calvinist . Theolog. and 6. Article ; or to Fr. Fevardentius , a Doctor of Paris , either in his Comment on Saint Paul to Philemon , or in his Excerpta out of that Lutheran . Not : in Iren : Var : Fragm : p. 508 , 509. In the latter of these he will find a Catologue of twenty passages affixt to those eminent first Reformers , especially to Mr Calvin , as 1. that the enmity betwixt the serpent and the seed of the Woman , Gen. 3. is simply to be interpreted of the hostility of Men and Serpents ; that the prophecies of the Scepters not departing from Judah till Shiloh comes , Gen. 49. expounded of Christ , gives the Jews occasion to scoff ; that the words of Balaam , Num. 24. A star shall rise out of Jacob , must not properly be expounded of Christ ; nor that of the Lord by Moses , Deut. 18. 18. I will raise them up a Prophet , which yet Saint Peter Acts 3. 22 , and Saint Stephen Acts 7. 37 : affirmed to belong to Christ ; that Mich. 5. 2. Out of thee Bethleem shall he come forth to me that is to be a ruler in Israel ] must not be expounded precisely and properly of the divinity of Christ . That Zach. 9. 9. Behold thy King cometh lowly — is by interpreters triflingly and in a false manner expounded of his entrance into Jerusalem , which yet Saint Matthew and Saint John have applied to it . These are a few essayes whereby to judge of many others . And the less Mr Calvin and the Reformers are guilty of these , ( as truly in many that I have had the convenience to examin , I cannot but think him guiltless ) the more evident is the parallel betwixt Grotius and them in this matter . 59. Thirdly , he affirmes that what the Papists raved against Mr Calvin , was chiefly from some expressions in the Institutions about the Trinity , ( wherein he is acquitted by the most learned of themselves ) and not from the expositions of Scripture . ] But 1. the truth of this will be judged by what was last said , for all those twenty passages are fetcht from the expositions of Calvin &c. on those so many places of Scripture . And 2. 't is certain I specified not the Book , wherein he had written what was thus chargeable , and so had not been reproveable , if they had been all out of the Institutions , those being as acknowledgedly his , as the Commentaries , and both much more then the Annotations on the Epistles are Grotius's ; and 3. if he stand by learned men acquitted of the charge , then as I said , that may make the parallel more exact betwixt him and Grotius , though I undertake not that every learned man hath been thus just to acquit him . 60. But then fourthly , for Calvino-Turcismus by me mentioned in a parenthesis , he tels me , I have forgotten the design of it , and that Calvin is no more concerned in it than others of the first Reformers , nor is it from any doctrine about the Deity of Christ in particular , but from the whole of the Reformed Religion , with the Apostacies of some , that they compare it with Turcisme , adding , that something indeed in a chapter or two they speak about the Trinity , from some expressions of Luther , Melanchthon , Calvin , and others . 61. To all this I answer , 1. that 't is visible I speak not of Mr Calvin alone , but of the learnedst and most valued of the Reformers , and of Mr Calvin onely , as one of them . 2. That although the forgetting the design of Reynolds and Giffords Book , would be far from a crime in me , had I been guilty of it , ( the subject matter of it is not so much worth remembring ) much lesse any indication that Grotius were insufficiontly vindicated ; yet when the Reviewer confesses , that in a chapter or two it speaks about the Trinity , from some expressions of Luther , Melanchthon , and Calvin , and others : this clearly evidences , that these Reformers were there thus accused in the matter of the Trinity , as now it seems Grotius is ; And 3. if Hunnius's Calvinus Judaizans , which is home to the business , be answered by Pareus , and an account of the calumny given by him ] this still renders the parallel more complete . An account of the calumny and the first author , and grounds of it against Grotius , being happily rendred by himself also in the Discussio , p. 17. 62. The Reviewer concludes this matter with a signification of his constant adhering to his proposition formerly asserted , with one limitation expressed ( of his own observation . ) But I that first gave the occasion of the debate in my Digression concerning Grotius , did never propose it with reference to that limitation , not being able to foresee , how much this Reviewer had read , or observed of Grotius's writings , nor can I yet pass judgment , whether what hath now been offered to him by another , will be yielded to come within the compass of that limitation , or no . And so I must be content to leave it at this time . 63. On the second sort of suggestion , the Reviewer hath chosen to be brief , and hath well prepared for it by expressing dislike and aversation to any such undertaking , that seemed incumbent on him , viz. to prove that Grotius was a Papist . ] But to this I reply , as before , that this task is sure incumbent on him , if , as he said , his defensative be suited to what I pleaded in his behalf . For 't is certain , that in the Digression , I had so proposed the debate , and undertaken to vindicate him from this suggestion , viz. that he was a Papist . 64. That he closed with the Roman interest , he is now willing to infer , from his observation on Rev. 12. 5. To that therefore I have turned , and there find no other premisses toward this conclusion than onely these , 1. that Dispersi ex Judaeis , instrumenta Ecclesiae Catholicae , multos de populo Romano Christo genuere , that those that were dispersed from Judaea — begat to Christ many of the people of Rome , and that these are there called partus masculinus the man-childe or masculine birth , in respect of the great constancy which appeared in the Church of Rome of those times ; then 2. that the Church of Rome hath this above other Churches , that no Church subjected more people to the word of God , so that her victories by the weapons of Christ , were not inferior to the Martial successes of Old Rome : 3. that the regiment of other Churches after the Apostles death belonged to that . Now this being clearly applied by him to the infancy or first ages of the Church , that which is first said of the constancy , is indeed much for the honour of the Primitive Roman Church , but no way for the interest of the present , which having much departed from the Primitive , cannot in any reason partake of those elogies , which he there bestows on that masculine birth , at the first appearing of it in the world . So likewise 2. of the ancient Roman Church it is , that he saith , it converted so many to the faith , which is a truth known , and acknowledged in History , but is not at this day assumed ( witness S. W. ) to be the foundation on which their Supremacy is built . 3. that after the Apostles death Rome being a chief Metropolis , and ( as the Imperial See ) the most eminent of all others , had the dominion aliarum of other ( it is not omnium , of all ) Churches , is not denied by any either ancient , or modern , that I know of . All the suburbicarian Region , and the Churches in that , were under the Primate of Rome , and that Primate was within a while lookt on , as the Patriarch of the West , and the First Patriarch . And the words of Grotius are not , by any circumstance of the place , inclined to any other sense . The aliae Ecclesiae , other Churches , being in no reason interpretable any farther , than those , which Rome had converted to the faith , nor necessarily to all them , but to the oppida minora and Provinciae , the lesser Cities and Provinces , unto which ( as he interprets ) the woman is said to flie ( and so Christianity to be propagated ) when Simon Magus by the favour of the Emperour had opposed and much oppressed it at Rome , and drave the profession out of it , by which means those aliae Ecclesiae were planted . And it may be worthy to be observed , that when the text before him was general , for {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} all the nations , he is not thereby moved to interpret it in that latitude of all simply , but ( in a more restrained sence , wherein all in Scripture-style oft signifies but a great many ) onely by the nulla plures , and aliarum , others and none more then that . 65. Here before he concludes , he is pleased to look back on a passage which he had used , [ that if men be drunkards , proud , boasters , &c. hypocrites , haters of good men , persecutors and revilers of them , yea , and if they be not regenerate and born of God united to the head Christ Jesus , by the same spirit that is in him , they shall never see God ] for which , he now saith , he fears not what conclusion can regularly , in reference to any person living or dead , be deduced . ] To this I reply by acknowledging the certain truth of the general Aphorisme , and onely remembring him , that the onely question was , whether in a particular discourse concerning Hugo Grotius , after the mention of his eternal estate , and disclaiming all design of begetting in others any evil surmises of it , or of judging him himself , 1. it were seasonably added , that he was fallen to his own master , when falling in the style of that Scripture ( visibly referred to ) signifies falling under condemnation , and 2. whether the applying this general Aphorisme to this matter , were not apt to beget in others those evil surmises , which he was willing to disclaim : If in these he be not concerned , neither am I , and therefore I shall not further importune him in that matter . 66. To the fragments of Grotius's Epistles to Crellius , I had formerly spoken , though they were not ( possibly ) formerly printed . But having no more in them than was acknowledged , somewhat of civility to a civil adversary , commendation of some things truly commendable ( such sure is the care of good life ) acknowledgment of advantage received by his writings , readiness of performing any office of kindness to him , and finally praying for him ; All these are certainly no more then due , as by Christ's precept to the injurious , so to a learned man , from whom he differed in opinion , and may onely serve to direct us to the Christian manner of dealing with adversaries , that of never labouring their ruine or hurt in any kind , but doing them all possible good . And if in this matter the Reader will be moved with probable arguments ; It is not well to be imagined , in case Grotius had at this time been changed from the opinion which he was of , at the writing of the Book De Satisfact : that having said what these fragments signifie him to have said , he would have concealed that , or that any such passage , had it been in the letter , would have been left out of the fragments , or being in the fragments , would have been supprest by the Reviewer . 67. What in the second Epistle is said of Crellius's notes on the Epistle to the Galatians , that he had very happily found out the occasion , and purpose , and whole contexture of the Epistle , no way concludes his imbracing the interpretation of each brief occasional passage in that Epistle , wherein the Socinian controversies are concern'd , or renouncing that , which he had given in his Book De Satisfact : as his sense of those passages . 68. There is no more remaining now before me , which seems to exact farther reply . Thus much I have once more added , lest the Reviewer may either think his Animadversions despised , or conceive that they have succesfully performed what they attempted ; and moreover lest having once ( though but {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ) undertaken the Defence of this learned man . I should now by my silence seem to desert my plea , and be deem'd to have consented to , and in a manner confirm'd those calumnies , which on this score of his defection to heresit , I see from many pens daily cast out upon him . 69. And this , as it is an act of meer justice , and charity to the dead , and no less to those , who by their sin of uncharitable thoughts towards him , are likely to deprive themselves of the benefit of his labours ; so is it but a proportionable return of debt and gratitude to the signal value and kindnesse , which in his life-time he constantly profest to pay to this Church and nation ; expressing his opinion , that of all Churches in the world , it was the most carefull observer , and transcriber of Primitive antiquity , and more then intimating his desire to end his dayes in the bosome , and Communion of our Mother . Of this I want not store of witnesses , which from time to time have heard it from his own mouth , whilest he was Embassadour in France , and even in his return to Sweden , immediately before his death ; And for a real evidence of this truth , 't is no newes to many , that at the taking his journey from Paris , he appointed his Wife , whom he left behind , to resort to the English assembly , at the Agents house , which accordingly she is known to have practised . Which therefore may serve for a competent addition to , and conclusion of the evidences hitherto produced , ( being in perfect accord and harmony with them ) that as far as the English establishment is removed from Socinian , and Popish , so far this learned man stands vindicated from both these aspersions ; which makes me the less wonder , that some others , who have endeavoured to maintain their constancy of adherence , and submission to the Church of England , are in like manner most injuriously aspersed by those who have departed from it ; Lord lay not this sin to their charge . A POST-SCRIPT . 1. HAving lately a sight of a new piece published by the same Author , one of the first things I happened to fall upon , appeared to be mine own concernment . For having cited from some words of Hegesippus , that soon after the death of the Apostles and their auditors , many false doctrines were preached and divulged in the Church , he hath these words . 2. I know who hath endeavoured to elude the sense of this complaint , as though it concerned not any thing in the Church , but the despisers and persecuters of it , the Gnosticks . But yet I know also , that no man would so do , but such a one as hath a just confidence of his own ability , to make passable at least , any thing that he shall venture to say or utter . For why should that be referred by Hegesippus to the ages after the Apostles and their hearers were dead , with an exception against its being so in their dayes ; when if the person thus expounding this testimony may be credited , the Gnosticks were never more busie nor prevalent than in that time which alone is excepted from the evil here spoken of ? Nor can I understand how the opposition and persecution of the Church should be insinuated to be the deflouring and violating of its chastity , which is commonly a great purifying of it : so that speaking of that breaching and preaching of errours , which was not in the Apostles times , nor in the time of their hiarers , the chiefest time of the rage and madness of the Gnosticks ; such as spotted the pure and incorrupted virginity of the Church ; which nothing can attein unto , that is forreign unto it , and that which gave Originall unto Sedition in the Church : I am of the mind , and so I conceive was Eusebius that recited those words , that the good man intended corruptions in the Church not out of it , nor oppositions to it . 3. What iust confidence any man can have of his own abilities to make any thing passable that he shall venture to utter ] unless it be found in a due care never to adventure to utter any thing , which hath not perfect truth in it , I acknowledge my self unable to apprehend . But how unjustly I am here charged of any kind of confidence of my own abilities , and how unsufficiently my answer in defence of the ancient Church-writers is here invalidated , will , I hope , soon appear , by a short view , 1. of my answer , 2. of the words of the testimony it self , on which it was clearly grounded , 3. of that which is here objected against the fitness of my answer . 4. For the first , It must be remembred ( as the original of this debate ) what from this testimony of Hegesippus he had ( a ) formerly concluded , viz. the corruption of the Church as to doctrine , immediately after the Apostles fell asleep , whereof , saith he , whosoever will impartially search into the writings that of those dayes do remain , will perhaps find more cause to complain , thou is commonly imagined . 5. To which my answer was , ( b ) that all that Hegesippus there saith , is onely this , that the poyson of the heretical or Apostatical , or Atheistical Gnosticks , in express words , the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , the sect of the Gnosticks falsly so called , and {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , the Atheistical seducers , did openly set up against the truth of Christ , as soon as ever the Apostles were dead , which being by Hegesippus terminated in the known despisers and persecutors of the true Church , and Orthodox professors , the grievous Wolves that worried the flock , and those constantly resisted and combated with , preacht against and written against by the Fathers and ancient writers , and never observed by any man to have gained of them , or infused any the least degree of their poyson into them , or their writings that are come to us . 'T is a sad condition , that the just and unjust , the false teachers and Orthodox professors should fall under the same envy , that the shepherds which oft laid down their lives for their sheep , should be defamed , aend again martyred by us their unkind posterity , under pretence that they were in conspiracy with the wolves also , 6. In this answer it is not possible I should be subject to any mistake , if this one matter of fact be true , that the Gnosticks and Atheistical seducers were the very persons , of whom alone Hegesippus spake , ( for that those were the wolves , and that the Church-writers have constantly refuted and detested them , and not suckt any of their poysonous doctrines from them , is so evident , that this author hath neither formerly nor now suggested the contrary . ) And for this in the next place , I appeal to the express words of Hegesippus , there at large set down in Greek , but here onely referred to , and more briefly toucht on by this author . 7. The words , as far as this matter is concern'd in them , I shall recite ; They are these , Euseb. Eccl. Hist. l. 111. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} . That there may be no place for doubt in this matter , I shall now give the English Reader a full view of them , thus . But when the sacred quire of the Apostles had severally ended their lives , and the generation of those that had been thought worthy to hear with their own cars the divine wisdome , was now past , then the rout or riotous convention of the Godless seduction or seducers ( {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} signifies a seditious assembling , or military preparation of confederates or conspirators , and {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} deceit or seduction , may be used for the men that deceive or seduce ) received its beginning , by the cunning or deceit of false teachers , who , now that none of the Apostles were left , avowed and openly attempted to preach or promulgate the science falsly so called , in opposition to the preaching of the truth . 8. What is here meant by the science falsly so called , no man can be ignorant , that hath compared that phrase used expresly by the Apostle , 1 Tim. 6. 20. with the writings of the Primitive Fathers , or but lightly considered the very nature of plain words . The word {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} Gnosticks , literally signifies knowing men , so styled by themselves , but upon no grounds of truth , their doctrines being indeed directly opposed to the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ , and so {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} knowledg or science falsly so called . This therefore must be the meaning of the Apostles words , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , the oppositions of the science falsly so called , i. e. the doctrines of the sect of the Gnosticks , in direct opposition to the doctrine of the Apostles , and consequently the same must be the importance of the like phrase in Hegesippus , in consent with the Apostles dialect ; what the Apostle calls science falsly so called , Hegesippus must be believed to mean by the very same words , the science falsly so called , i. e. the Gnosticks ; what the Apostle calls {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} oppositions or contradictings , Hegesippus expresses by {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} opposite or contrary preaching , and these phrases are both farther cleared by a passage in the ancient author {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} : c. 6. which tels us of {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , the contradictory discourses of the dotage or folly or madness of Simon ; by contradictory discourses certainly meaning the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} and {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , oppositions and antipreaching , and by the dotage or madness of Simon Magus , the knowledge that he pretended to , and his followers , and which so puss them up in a mad conceit of it , but was indeed nothing else but blasphemous folly , far removed from all degree of true science . 9. From this short representation of this plain matter of fact , thus visible before our eyes , I shall now suppose it cleare , that it was not confidence of my abilities , but a well grounded perswasion , that he that cited these words in Greek , understood the plain meaning of them , upon which I built my hope , that my answer to this passage of Hegesippus would approve it self to him . For if the Gnosticks and none else were the men spoken of by Hegesippus , then was there no place for exception against my answer , and if Hegesippus expresse words might be believed , thus it was . And thus stands this matter betwixt me and my Reprover at this time ; I have laid it before him , let himself now , if he please , be party , witnesse , and judge ; I cannot think it possible I should need other . 10. But then in the third place , he hath an objection against this sense , which at least may have force against me ; For , saith he , if the person thus expounding this testimony ( i. e. I ) may be credited , the Gnosticks were never more busie nor prevalent then in that time , which alone is excepted from the evil here spoken of . 11. To this I answer , 1. that in case I had at several times spoken things incoherent or contradictory , this would be no sufficient proof that what I now recited from Hegesippus's plain words , was not contained in them . But then 2. I have been far enough from having thus ( anywhere ) contradicted my self , or what I affirme in this answer of mine , nor ( if I may be allowed the confidence to believe that I know and speake my own sense ) did I ever let fall any thing which will not be exactly reconciled with it . The short is this . The Ringleaders of the Gnosticks were verry busie in the Apostles times , but did at first more clancularly operate , from whence in my opinion ( of which here it seems I must give an account ) they are in the Apostle exprest by {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , the mystery of iniquity , iniquity , but that somewhat disguised , till at last in the season most for their turn , some of them put off their disguises ; Simon Magus in the Apostles times , and though he miscarried , yet many of his followers afterwards in a more avowed and profest hostility ( the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} in Hegesippus ) when they had the advantage of all those being dead who had received the truth from Christ himself : This is the summe of what I have elsewhere frequently , and more largely delivered , and this is exactly the sense of Hegesippus in that place , as will yet more clearly appear by the addition of some other words , not yet recited , and ( I know not why ) omitted by this author in his first producing of them , when yet both the antecedents and consequents were set down by him . They are these , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} . Till those times he there speaks of , those hereticks , though some there were , that endeavoured to corrupt the wholesome rule of saving doctrine , skulked in darkness undiscernable , but afterwards ( when the senson better agreed with their design ) they did it {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , with bare head , or face , putting off disguise or care of secresie , with this , indeed it would not easily be reconcileable to say , that the Gnosticks were never more busie nor prevalent , then in the Apostles times ; And this he is pleased to set down as my saying ; but hath not intimated the place , where I said it ( as easily he might have done , and I suppose would not have neglected to do , if he had known where . ) For my part I remember not , neither believe any such words ever to have past from me ; If he shall produce any that have the least sound that way , I shall not doubt to give him an account of them , such as shall sufficiently supersede the conclusion , which now he is willing to draw from them . 12. Mean while I shall yet farther give thus much over measure of reply to his objection , that in case Hegesippus had not expresly named the Gnosticks , which yet expresly he names , and therefore must mean them if he knew and considered what he said , yet the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} the Atheistical seduction or seducers , and the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} the riotous convention or confederation of these , must needs signifie some known sect of hereticks in that age of the Church , be they Cerinthians , Ebionites , Nicolaitanes , Menandrians , B●silidians , Saturnilians , or after them Valentinians , Marcionites , or who ever else can be supposed ; And then , as it is certain , that all , or most of these , met and agreed in this common notion of the Gnosticks , so from the poyson and taint of all and each of them , t is still equally clear , that the Church of God , and the known Governours and shepherds thereof , by Gods grace and blessing preserved themselves , and exprest their constant opposition and dotestation of them , and markt them out to be avoided of all Christians ; and so cannot be imagined to have been corrupted by them ( but on the contrary whosoever was discerned to be so corrupted , was cast out of the Church ) and by their contrary doctrine , illustriously known in their writings against these heresies , long after the Apostles times , ( Irenaus against the Valentinians &c. Tertullian &c. against the Gnosticks ) have demonstrated themselves to have continued stedfast and immaculate , and not to have been in the least corrupted : And then what can be farther removed from truth , than this whole suggestion from Hegesippus , of the infection being diffused in the Church ? But he further objects , That the opposing and persecuting of the Church , which is a great purisying of it , cannot be insinuated to be the deflouring and violating of its chastity : To this I answer , 1. that if there were the least force in this objection , it would yet be unsufficient to disprove my answer ; It might possibly infer the impropriety of Hegesippus's expression , whereof I undertook not to be the advocate , but cannot conclude him not to have meant those to be the corrupters , whom he expresly names to be so . 2. That in respect of those weak or deceiveable members of the Church , that received the heretical poyson , ( and then fell off from it , or were by just censures cast out of it ) 't is not improper to say , that the Church which once conteined them , was defloured and violated ; though on the other side , in respect of the constant fidelity of others , who were not moved by all their opposition , the Church was still rather purified then defloured , as gold by trial in the fire comes out more pure , whilest yet the drosse is discovered by the same , means , and declared to have no purity in it . The truth is , many visible and temporary professors were infected and defiled by the Gnostick infusions , as in all times of trial befals those that forsake the Faith , rather than they will endure persecution ; And that is the plain meaning of Hegesippus's words , and hath nothing new or strange in it . 14. One thing by the way I shall farther observe , that in this citation he hath made some change in the words , from what before he had represented ; to the Apostles times , adding , the time of the Apostles hearers , and not onely the Apostles themselves , as if Hegesippus included that second generation in the space of the virgin uncorrupted age , after whose decease ( and not till then ) the corruptions by him spoken of came in : But that I suppose will be found to be a mistake also . 15. In his former citing of the passage ( in his Preface of Animadversions ) he understood Hegesippus of the corruption immediately after the Apostles fell asleep . And indeed this is all that the words assure us [ when the quire of the Apostles , saith he , were dead , and the age past of those that were deemed worthy to heare with their own eares , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} the divine wisedom , or the wisdome that had divinity in it — ] where that ages being past , ] and the Apostles being dead ] sure signifies the same thing , and {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} the divine wisdome ] very fitly signifies Christ himself , the wisdome of the Father , and no way appears to be extended to the Apostles also ; and then they that were the hearers of that Wisdome , will be the men of the Apostles age , specially the Apostles themselves , and not the subsequent generation . And that indeed thus it was , appears by the context in Hegesippus , which evidenceth him to speak of Trajanes times , wherein Simeon Bishop of Jerusalem , one of the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} and {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , seers and hearers of the Lord , being falsly accused by hereticks , ( {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ) was put to death . Now this we know , was but the conclusion of the Apostles age ; ( John , who was one of them , living till that time ) and not of the auditors of the Apostles . But should it be granted according to his desire , that 't was of the latter age that Hegesippus spake , it would , as hath appeared , stand him in little stead ; and therefore I shall not spring new occasion of contention with him on this matter ; Had not the honour of the Vniversal Church of Christ succeeding the Apostles ( so nearly concern'd in this his reinforced objection ) seemed to exact this just tribute from me , I had not here given him this importunity . 16. Whereon seeing I am thus far entred , It will not be amiss to pay him at once what he may expect of return to some other passages of this his last piece , wherein he is pleased to reflect on me . 17. And 1. occurs towards the beginning of it , pag. 33. a discourse of {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} &c. which he endeavours to apply to the prejudice of my evidences for the Epistles of Clement , and of St Paul to the Corinthians , being written to all the Churches of Achaia : In return to this I shall note but these four things of very many that offer themselves . 18. First , that there is a double notion of {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} &c. one wherin it is opposed to {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , ( and is all one with {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} or {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , being strangers or sojourners ) in which notion a Pomponius takes it , when by it he expounds the Latin incola , as that is all one with inquilinus a stranger in any place , qui aliquâ , or rather , aliâ regione ( {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} saith Theophilus ) domicilium suum contulit . Of this notion of the word I spake nor , nor could be imagined to speak , nor ( whatever he thinks ) is or can parochia or paraecia to be taken in this sence in any author . Another notion there is of {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} for accola a neighbour , as in Thucyd. l. 4. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , the Spartanes , and the nearest of the neighbouring cities , ( some of those {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , neighbours , it seems , nearer then others ) and so Pomponius also , non tantùm qui in oppido moratur , sed qui alicujus oppidi finibus agrum habet , a borderer that lives and holds lands within the bounds , i. e. in the territories of any city , whether nearer or farther off , or whether that territory be wider or narrower ; wider as the territory of a Metropolis , narrower as of an ordinary city , or yet lower , as of a town or village ; And which of these it is in any author , is not conclusible from the nature or use of the word , which equally belongs to all these , but from the quality of the place , to which in any author it is applied ; If the discourse be of a Metropolis , then the territory , and so the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} is the whole Province or {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , as when Mark is said by Eusebius to have constituted Churches in the plural at Alexandria , the chief Metropolis of Egypt , these are by c him all conteined under the phrase {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , as by Mark committed to Anianus , and to the Churches that belong to the chief Metropolis of Crete , Gortyna , are by Dionysius Bishop of Corinth , called {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , the Church adjacent to i. e. the Province of Gortyna ; If speech be of an ordinary city , then the territory of that , and so the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} is that which we now call a Diocese ( though {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} anciently signified otherwise ) Territorium est universitas agrorum intra fines cujusque civitatis , saith d Pomponius , and is rendred by Theophilus {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , all the region which is under a city ; And so farther downward to towns and villages also , as they are called {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , Paroecia , parishes , the whole territory or bordering neighbourhood is comprehended under it . And so in summe , Corinth , otherwise appearing to be the Metropolis of all Aehaia ( as Achaia was one of the e five {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} of Pelopounesus ) and this both in the Civil and Ecclesiastical Notitiae ; in the Civil , as is evident by the Proconsuls keeping his residence there , Acts 18. 12. 15. ( Corinth being before this time f destroyed by Mummius , reedified by Iulius Caesar , and now a g Roman Colony , and having a h Province belonging to it , called {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , the Corinthian region ) and in the Ecclesiastical , as appeared both by the general {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} or conformity between the city and the Church , not onely in after ages , but from the first , cited from a most ancient learned Church-writer , Origen contr. Cels . l. 3. and more particularly as to Corinth , by the express words of i Saint Chrysostome . All this , I say , otherwise largely appearing , and not deduced from the bare style [ {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ] this Church thus styled by Clemens , and compared with Pauls first Epistle , which expresly comprehends the Saints of all Achaia , and yet ( as is granted on all sides ) no greater an extent , then what Clemens wrote to , is by me regularly affirmed to be that whole Province of several Churches , ( for which 't was not yet that {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} grew to be the Ecclesiastical word ) and not that single Church of Corinth , but all under that Metropolis . 19. 2. That it is most unreasonable to affirm that either 2 Cor. 9. 2. or anywhere else , Achaia and Corinth are all one , for that is all one as to say France and Paris , a region or nation , and a city in that region , are all one . 'T is true the Church , to which the Epistles of Paul were written , comprehends under it all the Christians of Achaia , but then my pretensions must have place , that those Epistles were written to all the Churches of Achaia , united in Corinth , the Metropolis , not that Achaia , which had many cities in it was all one with Corinth , that but one , though Metropolitical city . 20. 3. That of the Churches of Achaia , beside Corinth , that of Cenchrea is expresly named , and though no other chances to be thus explicitely mentioned in Scripture , which was not obliged to write the full Corography of the Apostles plantations , yet this negative argument gives us no reason to doubt , but there were more cities in Achaia then these two ( all Geographers assure us of many ) and those in some proportion converted to the faith , and formed into Churches , in Saint Pauls time , and before Clements writing to them . However that one of Cenchrea concludes as much , as I want ; Cenchrea being another city-Church , different from Corinth , and {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} neighbouring to it , part of its territory , and under it as a daughter under a Metropolis . 21. 4. That Chrysostome , that speaks of Corinth as a Metropolitical Church , speaks of it , not ( as this Author pretends ) onely in the political , but Ecclesiastical notion , and not onely as in his own , but as it was in the Apostles time : Else he could not say of S. Paul , as he doth , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} that he wrote to a Metropolis ; T was certeinly to the Church that Saint Paul wrote not the city ; and 2. to that Church , in Saint Pauls age . The testimony is as clear as the Sun , that b Saint Chrysostome speaks of Corinth , Thessalonica , and the Ephesians , and Galatians , to whom the Apostolical Epistles are directed , as so many Metropolitical Churches , to each of which Saint Paul wrote , and thereby in every of those Epistles wrote not {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , to one city onely , ( he addes , or to two , or to three ) but {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} to all every where in each of those regions , relating to those Metropolitical Churches , to all the Churches of Galatia , of Achaia , &c. 22. And so much for that affaire , on which five leaves were providently laid out at the beginning of his journey , to secure some principles which were after to be improved by him , which yet he cannot but know are superseded by many other evidences of Metropolitical Churches planted in the Apostles times , at Jerusalem , Antioch , Ephesus , Thessalonica , Philippi , Alexandria , and Rome &c. every of which requiring his answer , as much as {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} . 23. P. 87. he minds me of his acknowledging the catholick church , both the invisible body of Christ , his elect , &c , and the Vniversality of visible professors , and consequently of the injury formerly done him , in comparing his expression [ that there was never any Church-Officer instituted in those first times relating to more Churches in his office , or to any other Church than a single particular congregation ] with the author of the Saints beliefe , which instead of the Holy Catholick Church in the Apostles symbols substituted this very hypothesis ; as if I either really believed , or was willing to perswade others , that he denyed the Catholick Church . 24. To this I answer , 1. that I neither entred into his secrets , nor indeavoured to infuse any jealousies into others concerning his talent undiscovered thoughts , but onely considered those words then before me , not being at that distance able to divine , how far he meant to acknowledge the Catholick Church in a tract written two years after . 25. Secondly , That his acknowledging now two notions of the Catholick Church , one of all the elect , the other of all that are called , doth not so certainly difference his doctrine from that of the author of the Saints belief ; there being no reason to doubt , but that he that compiled that , did at that time acknowledge the Catholick Church in those two notions . The thing that he meant to deny , and renounce , implicitely by leaving out the mention of the Catholick Church , and explicitely by what he substituted in stead of it , was ( I supposed ) the several degrees of associations , each known among men by the name of a Church , 1. that of the whole Christian world , the Vniversal Church , either as it by some pretended to be Monarchically , or by others Aristocratically governed . 2. That of each National Church under the Primate thereof . 3. That of each Provincial Church under the Metropolitane . 4. That of every Diocesan Church under the Bishop ; and lastly , of every Parochial Church under the Rector thereof . And all these seem as avowedly to be denied by this author to have been instituted in those ( i. e. in Ignatius's ) times , as by the compiler of the Saints Belief they were ; And some of these being , to my understanding , thus anciently instituted , and express mention made in Ignatius , not onely of the {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} or multitude under a particular Bishop , which is one of these , but farther of the Church of Syria , i. e. of that whole region , and the Church of Syria which is at Antioch , all joyned under Antioch , the Metropolitical Church , and the Catholick Church , wider then either of these , and comprehensive of both ; this I deemed fit to be confronted to his hypothesis ( and the parallel in the Saints Belief ) of the no other Church , than a single particular congregation , which I supposed narrower than any one of these . And this is a brief , and I hope , inoffensive , account of that particular . 26. Pag. 232. An exception is made to my instance in the Bishop of Oxon , and that from a supposed exemtion of this author , at the time of his writing , from the jurisdiction of that Bishop . But 1. I proceeded not to the naming or specifying the author at all , when I spake of the Bishop of Oxon , much less considered the quality , which was peculiar to him , from other men , or the exemtion consequent to that quality , which whatever it can be pretended , is but temporary , and personal , and so not proper for any special consideration . 2. I answer , The Bishop of Oxon hath a Diocese , or else no man that lives in that , could by any priviledge of his place , be exemt from it . And then what I said of the duty owing to that Bishop ( somewhat more then styling him a reverend and learned person , and being glad of his neighbourhood and acquaintance , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} signifies more than that ) regularly belongs to all such as are in his Diocese , and are not exemt from his jurisdiction , and whatever he please to imagine , I never meant to extend it to any other . 27. Pag. 122. I find a dislike of my way ( he should not have said of justifying our separation from Rome , but ) of defending our Church from the guilt of schisme , charged on us by the Romanists . But this is no news to me ; he had once before signified thus much , and I was not then surprised with it , and shall onely assure him , that now I have seen his new way , I am no whit less pleased with the old , than before I had the confidence to be . 28. The last that I took notice of to be my concernment was pag. 229. where perhaps I may be the person , accused to have charged the doctrines ( there named , as a considerable portion of the doctrine of our Church ) of everting fundamentals . If it be so , I have then two things to say in this haste , and no more , 1. that the doctrines , which I charge in the tract of Fundamentals , I charge not of everting of Fundamentals , but ( as may be seen in the title and contents of the 12 chapter ) of aptness to obstruct and hinder the superstructing of good life upon Christian belief : Of which whether the doctrines by me specified be guilty or no , I appeal to those indifferent Readers that shall impartially view what is there said , and shall be content to be concluded by that , though not by this Vmpirage . 29. 2. That no one of the doctrines thus accused by me are the doctrines of the Church of England , as there ( as far as I ever heard it doubted ) is cleared by me ; whereas on the contrary some of them , that particularly of Christs redeeming none but the elect , are as expresly renounced by our Church , as any branch of Atheisme or Polytheisme is disclaimed by the Creed of the Apostles . 30. And now I may be permitted to take my leave of him at this time . THE END . ERRATA . Pag. 3. l. 11. r. and so . p. 5. l. 33. r. bad been long expected . p. 6. l. 20. r. his letter . l. 27. r. few passages . p. 7. l. 18. r. so that 53. ibid. r. 10 this sense l. 35. r. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} l. 36. r. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} p. 8. l. 5. again , i. the . p. 9. l. 21. r. was written . p. 16. l. 7. r. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} l. 16. r. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} p. 25. l. 8 r. or as . l. 34. r. Schlusselburgius p. 32. l. 13. r. sounded . l. ult. r. on them . p 36. l. 4. r secrecie ; with . p. 39. l. 8. dele to . l. 29. r. And so the p. 42. l. 16. r. symbole . l. 21. r. latent . p. 43. l. 1. r. as it is . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A45406e-320 a See Ans. to Animad. vers : p. 132. b Epist. to the Oxford Heads . d Epiph. l. 2. Haer. 49. Socin. in John 1. g Lutherani penè omnes Ariani smi eum accusant . Grot. Appendi . de Antich , p. 85. Notes for div A45406e-19030 Pref. to his Book Persever . p. 5. Answ . to Animadv. p. 13. a D. verb . sig. c Eccl. hist. l. 11. {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} . d Ibid. e Pausan : {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} . f Pausaen : {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} . p. 44. l. 19. g Me . la l. 11. c. 3. h Pausan : {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} : p. 44 i To : 3. p. 343. b Tom. 3. p. 343.