Three tractates by Jos. Hall, D.D. and B.N. Selections. 1646 Hall, Joseph, 1574-1656. 1646 Approx. 253 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 148 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A45324 Wing H422 ESTC R14217 12157706 ocm 12157706 55180 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A45324) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 55180) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 599:14) Three tractates by Jos. Hall, D.D. and B.N. Selections. 1646 Hall, Joseph, 1574-1656. 275, [20], 242 p. : port. Printed by M. Flesher, for Nat. Butter, London : 1646. Engraved t.p. Imperfect: "The peace-maker" with individual title page and paging, [20], 242 p. at end is lacking in filmed copy. Reproduction of original in Bodleian Library. The devout soule -- The free prisoner, or, The comfort of restraint -- The remedy of discontentment, or, A treatise of contentation in whatsoever condition -- The peace-maker. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Christianity. 2005-11 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-12 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-11 Ali Jakobson Sampled and proofread 2006-11 Ali Jakobson Text and markup reviewed and edited 2007-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THREE TRACTATES , The Devout Soul. The Free-Prisoner . The Remedie of Discontentment . To which may be added The Peace-maker . BY JOS. HALL , D. D. and B. N. LONDON . Printed by M. Flesher , for NAT : BUTTER . M. DC . XLVI . TO ALL CHRISTIAN READERS , Grace and Peace . THat in a time when wee heare no noise but of drums & Trumpets , and talk of nothing but arms , and sieges , and battels , I should write of Devotion , may seem to some of you strange and unseasonable ; to me , contrarily , it seems most fit and opportune : For when can it be more proper to direct our addresse to the Throne of Grace , then when we are in the very jaws of Death ? Or when should we goe to seek the face of our God , rather , then in the needfull time of trouble ? Blessed be my God , who in the midst of these wofull tumults , hath vouchsafed to give me these calme , and holy thoughts ; which I justly suppose , he meant not to suggest , that they should be smoothered in the brest wherein they were conceived , but with a purpose to have the benefit communicated unto many ; Who is there that needs not vehement excitations , and helps to Devotion ? and when more then now ? In a tempest the Mariners themselves doe not onely cry every man to his God , but awaken Jonah , that is fast asleep under the hatches , and chide him to his prayers . Surely , had we not been failing in our Devotions , we could not have been thus universally miserable ; That duyy , the neglect wherof is guilty of our calamity , must in the effectuall performance of it , be the meanes of our recovery . Be but devout , and we cannot miscarry under judgements ; Woe is me , the teares of penitence , were more fit to quench the publique flame , then blood . How soon would it cleare up above head , if we were but holily affected within ? Could we send our zealous Ambassadours up to heaven , we could not faile of an happy peace . I direct the way ; God bring us to the end ; For my own particular practice ; God is witnesse to my soule , that ( as one , the sense of whose private affliction is swallowed up of the publique ) I cease not dayly to ply the Father of mercies with my fervent prayers , that he would , at last , be pleased , after so many streames of blood , to passe an act of Pacification in heaven : And what good heart can doe otherwise ? Brethren , all ye that love God , and his Church , and his Truth , and his Anointed , and your Country , and your selves , and yours , joyn your forces with mine , and let us by an holy violence make way to the gates of heaven with our Petition , for mercy and peace ; and not suffer our selves to be beaten off from the threshold of Grace , till we be answered with a condescent . He , whose goodnesse is wont to prevent our desires , will not give denials to our importunities . Pray , and Farewell . Norwich . March 20. 1643. THE DEVOVT SOULE . SECT . I. DEvotion is the life of Religion , the very soul of Piety , the highest imploiment of grace ; and no other then the prepossession of heaven by the Saints of God here upon earth ; every improvement whereof is of more advantage and value to the Christian soule , then all the profits and contentments which this world can afford it . There is a kind of Art of Devotion ( if we can attain unto it ) whereby the practice thereof may be much advanced : Wee have known indeed some holy souls , which out of the generall precepts of piety , and their own happy experiments of Gods mercy , have , through the grace of God , grown to a great measure of perfection this way ; which yet might have been much expedited , and compleated , by those helps , which the greater illumination and experience of others might have afforded them : Like as we see it in other faculties ; there are those , who out of a naturall dexterity , and their own frequent practice , have got into a safe posture of defence , and have handled their weapon with commendable skill , whom yet the Fence-schoole might have raised to an higher pitch of cunning : As nature is perfited , so grace is not a little furthered , by Art ; since it pleaseth the wisdome of God , to work ordinarily upon the soul , not by the immediate power of miracle , but in such methods , and by such means , as may most conduce to his blessed ends . It is true , that our good motions come from the Spirit of God ; neither is it lesse true , that all the good counsails of others proceed from the same Spirit ; and that good Spirit cannot be crosse to itselfe ; he therefore that infuses good thoughts into us , suggests also such directions , as may render us apt both to receive and improve them : If God be bounteous , we may not be idle , and neglective of our spirituall aids . SECT . II. II you tell me ( by way of instance in a particular act of Devotion ) that there is a gift of prayer , and that the Spirit of God is not tyed to rules ; I yeeld both these ; but withall , I must say there are also helps of prayer , and that we must not expect immediate inspirations : I finde the world much mistaken in both ; They think that man hath the gift of prayer , that can utter the thoughts of his heart roundly unto God , that can expresse himselfe smoothly in the phrase of the holy Ghost , and presse God with most proper words , and passionate vehemence : And surely this is a commendable faculty , wheresoever it is : but this is not the gift of prayer ; you may call it , if you will , the gift of Elocution . Doe we say that man hath the gift of pleading , that can talk eloquently at the Barre , that can in good termes loud and earnestly importune the Judge for his Client ; and not rather he that brings the strongest reason , and quotes his books , and precedents with most truth , and clearest evidence , so as may convince the Jury , and perswade the Judge ? Doe we say he hath the gift of preaching , that can deliver himselfe in a flowing manner of speech , to his hearers , that can cite Scriptures , or Fathers , that can please his auditory with the flowers of Rhetorick ; or rather , he , that can divide the Word aright , interpret it soundly , apply it judiciously , put it home to the conscience , speaking in the evidence of the Spirit , powerfully convincing the gainsayers , comforting the dejected , and drawing every soul nearer to heaven ? The like must we say for prayer ; the gift whereof he may be truly said to have , not that hath the most rennible tongue , ( for prayer is not so much a matter of the lips , as of the heart ) but he that hath the most illuminated apprehension of the God to whom he speaks , the deepest sense of his own wants , the most eager longings after grace , the ferventest desires of supplyes from heaven ; and in a word , whose heart sends up the strongest groans and cries to the Father of mercies . Neither may we look for Enthusiasmes , and immediate inspirations ; putting our selves upon Gods Spirit , in the solemn exercises of our invocation , without heed , or meditation ; the dangerous inconvenience whereof hath been too often found in the rash , and unwarrantable expressions , that have fallen from the mouths of unwary suppliants ; but we must addresse our selves with due preparation , to that holy work ; we must digest our suits ; and fore-order our supplications to the Almighty ; so that there may be excellent and necessary use of meet rules of our Devotion . He , whose Spirit helps us to pray , and whose lips taught us how to pray , is an alsufficient example for us : all the skill of men , and Angels , cannot afford a more exquisite modell of supplicatory Devotion , then that blesser Saviour of ours gave us in the mount ; led in by a divine , and heart-raising preface , carried out with a strong and heavenly enforcement ; wherein an awfull compellation makes way for petition ; and petition makes way for thanksgiving ; the petitions marshalled in a most exact order , for spirituall blessings , which have an immediate concernment of God , in the first place ; then for temporall favours , which concern ourselves , in the second ; so punctuall a methode had not been observed by him that heareth prayers , if it had been all one to him , to have had our Devotions confused , and tumultuary . SECT . III. THere is commonly much mistaking of Devotion as if it were nothing but an act of vocall prayer , expiring with that holy breath , and revived with the next task of our invocation ; which is usually measured of many , by frequence , length , smoothnesse of expression , lowdnesse , vehemence ; Whereas , indeed , it is rather an habituall disposition of an holy soul , sweetly conversing with God , in all the forms of an heavenly ( yet awful ) familiarity ; and a constant intertainment of ourselves here below with the God of spirits , in our sanctifyed thoughts , and affections ; One of the noble exercises whereof , is our accesse to the throne of grace in our prayers ; whereto may be added , the ordering of our holy attendance upon the blessed word and sacraments of the Almighty : Nothing hinders therefore , but that a stammering suppliant may reach to a more eminent devotion , then he that can deliver himselfe in the most fluent and pathetical forms of Elocution ; and that our silence may be more devout then our noise . We shall not need to send you to the Cels or cloysters for this skill ; although it will hardly be beleeved , how far some of their contemplative men have gone in the Theory hereof ; Perhaps , like as Chymists give rules for the attaining of that Elixir , which they never found ; for sure they must needs fail of that perfection they pretend , who erre commonly in the object of it , always in the ground of it , which is faith ; stripped , by their opinion , of the comfortablest use of it , certainty of application . SECT . IV. AS there may be many resemblances betwixt Light and Devotion , so this one especially , that as there is a light universally diffused through the ayre , and there is a particular recollection of light into the body of the sun , and starres ; so it is in Devotion ; There is a generall kind of Devotion that goes through the renewed heart and life of a Christian , which we may term Habituall , and Virtuall ; and there is a speciall , and fixed exercise of Devotion , which wee name Actuall . The soul that is rightly affected to God , is never void of an holy Devotion ; where ever it is , what ever it doth , it is still lifted up to God , and fastned upon him , and converses with him ; ever serving the Lord in feare , and rejoycing in him with trembling . For the effectuall performance whereof , it is requisite first , that the heart be setled in a right apprehension of our God ; without which , our Devotion is not thanklesse only , but sinfull : With much labour therefore , and agitation of a mind illuminated from above , we must find our selves wrought to an high , awfull , adorative , and constant conceit of that incomprehensible Majesty , in whom we live , and move , and are ; One God , in three most glorious Persons , infinite in wisdome , in power , in justice , in mercy , in providence , in al that he is , in al that he hath , in all that he doth ; dwelling in light inaccessible , attended with thousand thousands of Angels ; whom yet we neither can know , ( neither would it avail us if we could ) but in the face of the eternall Son of his Love , our blessed Mediatour God and Man ; who sits at the right hand of Majesty in the highest heavens ; from the sight of whose glorious humanity , we comfortably rise to the contemplation of that infinite Deity , whereto it is inseparably united ; in and by him , ( made ours by a lively Faith ) finding our persons , and obedience accepted , expecting our full redemption , and blessednesse . Here , here must our hearts be unremoveably fixed ; In his light must we see light : no cloudy occurrences of this world , no busie imployments , no painfull sufferings must hinder us from thus seeing him that is invisible . SECT . V. NEither doth the devout heart see his God aloof off , as dwelling above , in the circle of heaven , but beholds that infinite Spirit really present with him ; The Lord is upon thy right hand , saith the Psalmist ; Our bodily eye doth not more certainly see our own flesh , then the spirituall eye sees God close by us ; Yea , in us ; A mans own soul is not so intimate to himselfe , as God is to his soul ; neither doe we move by him only , but in him : What a sweet conversation therefore , hath the holy soule with his God ? What heavenly conferences have they two , which the world is not privy to ; whiles God entertaines the soule with the divine motions of his Spirit ; the soul entertains God with gracious compliances ? Is the heart heavy with the grievous pressures of affliction ? the soule goes in to his God , and pours out it self before him in earnest bemoanings , and supplications ; the God of mercy ansers the soul again , with seasonable refreshings of comfort : Is the heart secretly wounded and bleeding with the conscience of some sin ? it speedily betakes it self to the great Physitian of the soul , who forthwith applies the balme of Gilead for an unfailing and present cure : Is the heart distracted with doubts ? the soul retires to that inward Oracle of God for counsail , he returns to the soul an happy setlement of just resolution : Is the heart deeply affected with the sense of some special favour from his God ? the soul breaks forth into the passionate voice of praise and thanksgiving ; God returns the pleasing testimony of a cheerfull acceptation : Oh blessed soul , that hath a God to go unto upon all occasions ; Oh infinite mercy of a God , that vouchsafes to stoop to such intirenesse with dust and ashes . It was a gracious speech of a worthy Divine upon his death-bed , now breathing towards heaven , that he should change his place , not his company : His conversation was now before-hand with his God , and his holy Angels ; the only difference was , that he was now going to a more free and full fruition of the Lord of life , in that region of glory above , whom he had truely ( though with weaknesse and imperfection ) enjoyed in this vale of tears . SECT . VI. NOw , that these mutuall respects may bee sure not to cool with intermission , the devout heart takes all occasions both to think of God , and to speak to him . There is nothing that he sees , which doth not bring God to his thoughts . Indeed there is no creature , wherin there are not manifest footsteps of omnipotence ; Yea , which hath not a tongue to tell us of its Maker . The heavens declare the glory of God , and the firmament sheweth his handy-work ; One day telleth another , and one night certifieth another : Yea , O Lord , how manifold are thy works ! in wisedome hast thou made them all : The earth is full of thy riches , so is the great and wide sea , where are things creeping innumerable , both small and great beasts : Every herbe , flower , spire of grasse , every twigge and leafe ; every worm and flye ; every scale and feather ; every billow and meteor , speaks the power and wisdome of their infinite Creator ; Solomon sends the sluggard to the Ant ; Esay sends the Jews to the Oxe and the Asse ; Our Saviour sends his Disciples to the Ravens , and to the Lillies of the field ; There is no creature of whom we may not learn something ; we shall have spent our time ill in this great school of the world , if in such store of Lessons , we be non-proficients in devotion . Vain Idolaters make to themselves images of God , wherby they sinfully represent him to their thoughts and adoration ; could they have the wit and grace to see it , God hath taken order to spare them this labour , in that he hath stamped in every creature such impressions of his infinite power , wisdome , goodnes , as may give us just occasion to worship and praise him with a safe and holy advantage to our souls : For the invisible things of God from the Creation of the world , are clearly seen , being understood by the things that are made , even his eternall power and Godhead . And indeed , wherefore serve all the volumes of Naturall history , but to be so many Commentaries upon the severall creatures , wherein we may reade God ; and even those men who have not the skill , or leisure to peruse them , may yet out of their own thoughts , and observation , raise from the sight of all the works of God sufficient matter to glorifie him . Who can be so stupide as not to take notice of the industry of the Bee , the providence of the Ant , the cunning of the Spider , the reviving of the Flye , the worms indeavour of revenge , the subtilty of the Fox , the sagacity of the hedge-hog ; the innocence and profitablenesse of the sheep , the laboriousnesse of the Oxe , the obsequiousnesse of the Dog , the timerous shifts of the Hare , the nimblenesse of the Dear , the generosity of the Lion , the courage of the Horse , the fiercenesse of the Tiger ; the cheerfull musick of Birds , the harmlesnesse of the Dove , the true love of the Turtle , the Cocks observation of time , the Swallows architecture ; shortly , ( for it were easie here to be endlesse ) of the severall qualities , and dispositions of every of those our fellow-creatures , with whom we converse on the face of the earth ; and who that takes notice of them , cannot fetch from every act , and motion of theirs , some monition of duty , and occasion of devout thoughts ? Surely , I fear many of us Christians , may justly accuse our selves as too neglective of our duty this way ; that having thus long spent our time in this great Academy of the world , we have not , by so many silent documents , learned to ascribe more glory to our Creator ; I doubt those creatures , if they could exchangetheir brutality with our reason , being now so docible as to learn of us so far as their sense can reach , would approve themselves better scholars to us , then we have been unto them . Withall , I must adde that the devout soul stands not always in need of such outward monitors , but finds within it self , sufficient incitements to raise up it self to a continuall minding of God ; and makes use of them accordingly ; and , if at any time , being taken up with importunate occasions of the world , it finds God missing but an hour , it chides it self for such neglect , and sets it self to recover him with so much more eager affection : as the faithfull Spouse in the Canticles , when she finds him whom her soul loved , withdrawn from her for a season , puts her self into a speedy search after him , and gives not over till she have attained his presence . SECT . VII . NOw as these many monitors both outward and inward , must elevate our hearts very frequently , to God ; so those raised hearts must not entertain him with a dumb contemplation , but must speak to him in the language of spirits : All occasions therefore must be taken of sending forth pious and heavenly ejaculations to God ; The devout soul may doe this more then an hundred times a day , without any hinderance to his speciall vocation : The Huswife at her Wheel , the Weaver at his Loom , the Husbandman at his Plough , the Artificer in his Shop , the Traveller in his way , the Merchant in his Warehouse may thus enjoy God in his bufiest imployment ; For , the soul of man is a nimble spirit ; and the language of thoughts needs not take up time ; and though we now , for examples sake , cloath them in words , yet in our practice we need not . Now these Ejaculations may be either at large , or Occasionall : At large , such as those of old Jacob , O Lord I have waited for thy salvation ; or that of David , O save me for thy mercies sake : And these , either in matter of Humiliation , or of Imploration , or of Thanksgiving . In all which , we cannot follow a better pattern then the sweet singer of Israel , whose heavenly conceptions we may either borrow , or imitate . In way of Humiliation , such as these . Heal my soul , O Lord , for I have sinned against thee . Oh remēber not my old sins , but have mercy upon me . If thou wilt be extream to mark what is done amisse , O Lord who may abide it ? Lord thou knowest the thoughts of man that they are but vain ; O God , why abhorrest thou my soul , and hidest thy face from me ? In way of Imploration . Vp Lord , and help me O God ; Oh let my heart be sound in thy statutes , that I be not ashamed . Lord , where are thy old loving mercies ? Oh deliver me , for I am helplesse , and my heart is wounded within me . Comfort the soul of thy servant , for unto thee , O Lord , due I lift up my soul . Goe not far from me O God. O knit my heart unto thee that I may fear thy Name . Thou art my helper and redeemer , O Lord make no long tarrying . Oh be thou my help in trouble , for vain is the help of man. Oh guide me with thy counsell , and after that receive me to thy glory . My time is in thy hand , deliver me from the hands of mine enemies . Oh withdraw not thy mercy from me , O Lord. Lead me , O Lord , in thy righteousnesse because of mine enemies . O let my soul live , and it shall praise thee . In way of Thankesgiving : Oh God , wonderfull art thou in thine holy places . Oh Lord , how glorious are thy works ! and thy thoughts are very deep . Oh God , who is like unto thee ! The Lord liveth , and blessed be my strong helper . Lord , thy loving kindnesse is better then life it self . All thy works praise thee , O Lord , and thy Saints give thanks unto thee . Oh how manifold are thy works ! in wisedome hast thou made them all . Who is God but the Lord , and who hath any strength except our God ? We will rejoyce in thy salvation , and triumph in thy Name , O Lord. Oh that men would praise the Lord for his goodnesse . Oh how plentifull is thy goodnesse , which thou hast laid up for them that fear thee ! Thou Lord hast never failed them that seek thee . In thy presence is the fulnesse of joy , and at thy right hand there is pleasure for evermore . Lord , what is man that thou art mindful of him ? Not unto us Lord , not unto us , but unto thy Name give the praise . SECT . VIII . OCcasionall Ejaculations are such , as are moved upon the presence of some such object as carries a kinde of relation or analogy to that holy thought which we have entertained . Of this nature I finde that , which was practised in S. Basils time ; that , upon the lighting of candles , the manner was to blesse God in these words , Praise be to God the Father , and the Son , and the Holy Ghost ; which that Father says was anciently used ; but who was the Authour of it he professeth to be unknown : to the same purpose was the Lucernarium , which was a part of the evening office of old ; For which there may seem to be more colour of reason , then for the ordinary fashion of apprecation , upon occasion of our sneesing ; which is expected , and practised by many , out of civility : Old and reverend Beza was wont to move his hat with the rest of the company , but to say withall , Gramercy Madame la Superstition ; Now , howsoever in this , or any other practice , which may seem to carry with it a smack of superstition , our devotion may be groundless and unseasonable , yet nothing hinders but that we may take just and holy hints of raising up our hearts to our God. As when vve doe first look forth , and see the heavens over our heads , to think , the Heavens declare thy glory , O God. When we see the day breaking , or the Sun rising , The day is thine , and the night is thine , thou hast prepared the light and the Sun. When the light shines in our faces , Thou deckest thy self with light as with a garment ; or , Light is sprung up for the righteous . When we see our Garden imbellisht with flowers , The earth is full of the goodnesse of the Lord. When we see a rough sea , The waves of the sea rage horribly , and are mighty ; but the Lord that dwelleth on high , is mightier then they . When we see the darknesse of the night , The darknesse is no darknesse with thee . When we rise up from our bed , or our seat , Lord thou knowest my down-sitting , and my uprising ; thou understandest my thoughts afar off . When we wash our hands , Wash thou me , O Lord , and I shall be whiter then snow . When we are walking forth , Oh hold thou up my goings in thy paths , that my footsteps slip not . When we hear a passing bell : Oh teach me to number my days , that I may apply my heart to wisdome : or , Lord , let me know my end , and the number of my days . Thus may we dart out our holy desires to God , upon all occasions ; Wherein , heed must be taken that our Ejaculations be not , on the one side , so rare , that our hearts grow to be hard and strange to God , but that they may be held on in continuall acknowledgement of him , and acquaintance with him ; and , on the other side , that they be not so over-frequent in their perpetuall reiteration , as that they grow to be ( like that of the Romish votaries ) fashionable ; which if great care be not taken , will fall out , to the utter frustrating of our Devotion . Shortly , let the measure of these devout glances be , the preserving our hearts in a constant tendernesse , and godly disposition ; which shall be further actuated upon all opportunities , by the exercises of our more enlarged , and fixed Devotion : Whereof there is the same variety that there is in Gods services , about which it is conversant . There are three main businesses wherein God accounts his service , here below , to consist ; The first is , our addresse to the throne of Grace , and the pouring out of our souls before him in our prayers : The second is , the reading and hearing his most holy Word ; The third is , the receit of his blessed Sacraments ; In all which there is place and use for a setled Devotion . SECT . IX . TO begin with the first work of our actuall , and enlarged Devotion : Some things are pre-required of us , to make us capable of the comfortable performance of so holy and heavenly a duty ; namely , that the heart be clean first , and then that it be clear : clean from the defilement of any known sin ; clear from all intanglements and distractions : What doe we in our prayers , but converse vvith the Almighty ? and either carry our souls up to him , or bring him down to us ? now , it is no hoping , that we can entertain God in an impure heart : Even we men loath a nasty and sluttish lodging ; how much more will the floly God abhorre an habitation spiritually filthy ? I finde that even the unclean spirit made that a motive of his repossession , that he found the house swept and garnished : Satans cleanlinesse is pollution ; and his garnishment , disorder and wickednesse ; without this he findes no welcome ; Each spirit looks for an entertainment answerable to his nature ; How much more will that God of spirits , who is purity it self , look to be harboured in a cleanly room ? Into a malicious soul wisdome shall not enter , nor dwell in the body that is subject unto sin ; What friend would be pleased that we should lodge him in a Lazar-house ? or who would abide to have a toad lie in his bosome ? Surely , it is not in the verge of created nature to yeeld any thing that can be so noisome and odious to the sense of man , as sin is to that absolute , and essentiall Goodnesse : His pure eyes cannot endure the sight of sin ; neither can he endure that the sinner should come within the sight of him ; Away from me , ye wicked , is his charge , both here , and hereafter . It is the priviledge and happinesse of the pure in heart , that they shall see God ; see him both in the end , and in the way ; injoying the vision of him , both in grace , and in glory : this is no object for impure eyes : Descend into thy self therefore , and ransack thy heart , who ever wouldst be a true Client of Devotion ; search all the close windings of it , with the torches of the law of God ; and if there be any iniquity found lurking in the secret corners thereof , drag it out and abandon it ; and when thou hast done , that thy fingers may retain no pollution , say with the holy Psalmist ; I will wash my hands in innocence , so will I goe to thine Altar . Presume not to approach the Altar of God , there to offer the sacrifice of thy Devotion , with unclean hands : Else thine offering shall be so far from winning an acceptance for thee , from the hands of God ; as that thou shalt make thine offering abominable . And if a beast touch the Mount , it shall die . SECT . X. AS the soul must bee clean from sin , so it must be clear and free from distractions . The intent of our devotion is to welcome God to our hearts ; now where shall we entertain him , if the rooms be full thronged with cares , and turbulent passions ? The Spirit of God will not endure to be crowded up together with the vvorld in our strait lodgings ; An holy vacuity must make way for him in our bosomes . The divine pattern of Devotion , in whom the Godhead dwelt bodily , retires into the Mount to pray ; he that carried heaven with him , would even thus leave the world below him . Alas , how can we hope to mount up to heaven in our thoughts , if we have the clogges of earthly cares hanging at our heels ! Yea , not onely must there be a shutting out of all distractive cares , and passions , which are professed enemies to our quiet conversing with God in our Devotion , but there must be also a denudation of the minde from all those images of our phantasie ( how pleasing soever ) that may carry our thoughts aside from those better objects : We are like to foolish children , who when they should be stedfastly looking on their books , are apt to gaze after every butterfly , that passeth by them ; here must be therefore a carefull intention of our thoughts , a restraint from all vain , and idle rovings , and an holding our selves close to our divine task : Whiles Martha is troubled about many things , her devouter sister , having chosen the better part , plies the one thing necessary , which shall never be taken from her ; and whiles Martha would feast Christ with bodily fare , she is feasted of Christ with heavenly delicacies . SECT . XI . AFter the heart is thus cleansed , and thus cleared , it must be in the next place decked with true humility , the cheapest , yet best ornament of the soul . If the wise man tel us , that pride is the beginning of sin ; surely , all gracious dispositions must begin in humility . The foundation of all high and stately buildings must be laid low : They are the lowly valleys that soak in the showers of heaven , which the steep hils shelve off , and prove dry and fruitlesse . To that man will I look ( saith God ) that is poor , and of a contrite spirit , and trembleth at my Word : Hence it is , that the more eminent any man is in grace , the more he is dejected in the sight of God ; The father of the faithfull comes to God under the style of dust and ashes : David under the style of a worm and no man : Agur the son of Jakeh , under the title of more brutish then any man ; and one that hath not the understanding of a man : John Baptist , as not worthy to carry the shooes of Christ after him ; Paul , as the least of Saints , and chief of sinners : On the contrary , the more vile any man is in his own eies , and the more dejected in the sight of God , the higher he is exalted in Gods favour : Like as the Conduict-water , by how much lower it fals , the higher it riseth . When therefore we would appear before God , in our solemn devotions , we must see that we empty our selves of all proud conceits , and find our hearts fully convinced of our own vilenesse , yea nothingnesse in his sight . Down , down with all our high thoughts ; fall we low before our great and holy God ; not to the earth only , but to the very brim of hell , in the conscience of our own guiltinesse ; for though the miserable wretchednesse of our nature may be a sufficient cause of our humiliation , yet the consideration of our detestable sinfulnes is that which will depresse us lowest in the sight of God. SECT . XII . IT is fit the exercise of our Devotion should begin in an humble confession of our unworthinesse . Now for the effectuall furtherance of this our self-dejection , it wil be requisite to bend our eyes upon a threefold object ; To look inward into our selves , upward to heaven , downwards to hell . First , to turn our eyes into our bosomes , and to take a view ( not without a secret self-loathing ) of that world of corruption that hath lyen hidden there ; and thereupon to accuse , arraign , and condemn our selves before that awfull Tribunall of the Judge of heaven , and earth ; both of that originall pollution , which wee have drawn from the tainted loyns of our first parents ; and those innumerable actuall wickednesses derived there-from ; which have stayned our persons and lives . How can we be but throughly humbled , to see our souls utterly overspread with the odious and abominable leprosie of sin : We finde that Vzziah bore up stoutly a while , against the Priests of the Lord , in the maintenance of his sacrilegious presumption , but when he saw himself turn'd Lazar , on the suddain , he is confounded in himself , and in a depth of shame hastens away from the presence of God to a sad , and penitentiall retirednesse . Wee should need no other arguments to loath ourselves , then the sight of our own faces , so miserably deformed with the nasty and hatefull scurfe of our iniquity : Neither onely must we be content to shame , and grieve our eyes with the foule nature and condition of our sins , but we must represent them to our selves in all the circumstances that may aggravate their hainousnesse . Alas , Lord , any one sin is able to damn a soul ; I have committed many , yea numberlesse : they have not possessed me single , but , as that evill spirit said , their name is Legion ; neither have I committed these sins once , but often ; Thine Angels ( that were ) sinned but once , and are damned for ever ; I have frequently reiterated the same offences , where then ( were it not for thy mercy ) shall I appear ? neither have I only done them in the time of my ignorance , but since I received sufficient illumination from thee ; It is not in the dark that I have stumbled , and faln , but in the midst of the clear light and sun-shine of thy Gospel , and in the very face of thee my God ; neither have these been the ships of my weaknesse , but the bold miscarriages of my presumption ; neither have I offended out of inconsideration , and inadvertency , but after and against the checks of a remurmuring conscience ; after so many gracious warnings , and fatherly admonitions , after so many fearfull examples of thy judgements , after so infinite obligations of thy favors . And thus having look't inward into ourselves , and taken an impartiall view of our own vilenesse , it will be requisite to cast our eyes upward unto heaven , and there to see against whom we have offended ; even against an infinite Majesty , and power , an infinite mercy , an infinite justice ; That power and Majesty which hath spread out the heavens as a Curtain , and hath laid the foundations of the earth so sure that it cannot be moved ; who hath shut up the sea with bars and doors , and said , Hitherto shalt thou come and no further , and here shalt thou stay thy proud waves ; who doth whatsoever he will in heaven and in earth ; who commandeth the Devils to their chains , able therefore to take infinite vengeance on sinners . That mercy of God the Father , who gave his own Son out of his bosome for our redemption ; That mercy of God the Son , who , thinking it no robbery to be equall unto God , for our sakes made himself of no reputation , and took upon him the form of a servant ; and being found in fashion as a man , humbled himself , and became obedient to the death , even the accursed death of the crosse ; That mercy of God the holy Ghost , who hath made that Christ mine , and hath sealed to my soul the benefit of that blessed redemption ; Lastly , that justice of God , which as it is infinitely displeased with every sin , so will be sure to take infinite vengeance on every impenitent sinner . And from hence it will be fit and seasonable for the devout soul , to look downward into that horrible pit of eternal confusion ; & there to see the dreadfull , unspeakable , unimaginable torments of the damned ; to represent unto it self the terrors of those everlasting burnings ; the fire and brimstone of that infernal Tophet ; the merciless and unweariable tyranny of those hellish executioners ; the shrieks , and howlings , and gnashings of the tormented ; the unpitiable , interminable , unmitigable tortures of those ever-dying , and yet never-dying souls . By all which , we shall justly affright our selves into a deep sense of the dangerous and wofull condition wherein we lye in the state of nature and impenitence , and shall be driven with an holy eagernesse to seek for Christ , the Son of the ever-living God , our blessed Mediatour ; in and by whom onely , we can look for the remission of all these our sins , a reconcilement with this most powerfull , mercifull , just God , and a deliverance of our souls from the hand of the nethermost hell . SECT . XIII . IT shall not now need , or boot to bid the soul which is truly apprehensive of all these , to sue importunately to the Lord of life for a freedome , and rescue from these infinite pains of eternall death , to which our sins have forfaited it ; and for a present happy recovery of that favour , which is better then life . Have we heard , or can we imagine some hainous Malefactor , that hath received the sentence of death , and is now bound hand , and foot , ready to be cast into a den of Lyons , or a burning furnace , with what strong cryes , and passionate obsecrations he plies the Judge for mercy ? we may then conceive some little image of the vehement suit , and strong cryes of a soul truly sensible of the danger of Gods wrath deserved by his sin , and the dreadfu● consequents of deserved imminent damnation ; Although wha● proportion is there betwixt ● weak creature , and the Almighty ; betwixt a moment , and eternity ? Hereupon therefore followe● a vehement longing ( uncapabl● of a denyall ) after Christ ; an● fervent aspirations to that Saviour , by whom only we receive a full and gracious deliverance from death and hell ; and a full pardon and remission of all ou● sins ; and , if this come not the sooner , strong knocking 's at the gates of heaven , even so lou● that the Father of mercies cannot but heare and open : Neve● did any contrite soul beg of God , that was not prevented by his mercy ; much more doth he condescend when he is strongly intreated ; our very intreaties are from him , he puts into us those desires which he graciously answers ; now therefore doth the devout soul see the God of all comfort to bow the heavens , and come down with healing in his wings ; and heare him speak peace unto the heart thus thoroughly humbled ; Feare not , thou shalt not dye but live . Be of good cheer , thy sins are forgiven thee . Here therefore comes in that divine grace of Faith , effectually apprehending Christ the Saviour , and his infinite satisfaction and merits ; comfortably applying all the sweet promises of the Gospell ; clinging close to that all-sufficient Redeemer ; and in his most perfect obedience emboldning it self , to challenge a freedome of accesse to God , and confidence of appearance before the Tribunall of heaven ; and now the soul clad with Christs righteousnesse , dares look God in the face , and can both challenge and triumph over all the powers of darknesse : For , being justified by faith , we have peace with God through Jesus Christ our Lord. SECT . XIV . BY how much deeper the sense of our misery and danger is , so much more welcome and joyfull is the apprehension of our deliverance ; and so much more thankfull is our acknowledgement of that unspeakable mercy : The soul therefore that is truly sensible of this wonderfull goodnesse of it's God ; as it feeles a marvellous joy in it self , so it cannot but break forth into cheerfull and holy ( though secret ) gratulations : The Lord is full of compassion , and mercy , long suffering , and of great goodnesse ; he keepeth not his anger for ever ; he hath not dealt with me after my sins , nor rewarded me after mine iniquities : What shall I render unto the Lord for all his benefits towards me ? I will take the cup of salvation , and call upon the Name of the Lord. I will thank thee , for thou hast heard me , and hast not given me over to death , but art become my salvation . O speak good of the Lord all ye works of his ; Praise thou the Lord , O my soul . SECT . XV. THe more feelingly the soul apprehends , and the more thankfully it digests the favours of God in it's pardon , and deliverance , the more freely doth the God of mercy impart himself to it ; and the more God imparts himself to it , the more it loves him , and the more heavenly acquaintance and entirenesse grows betwixt God , and it ; and now that love which was but a spark at first , grows into a flame , and wholly takes up the soul . This fire of heavenly love in the devout soul , is , and must be heightned more and more , by the addition of the holy incentives of divine thoughts , concerning the means of our freedome & deliverance . And here , offers it self to us that bottomlesse abysse of mercy in our Redemption , wrought by the eternall Son of God , Jesus Christ the just , by whose stripes we are healed ; by whose bloud we are ransomed ; where none will befit us but admiring and adoring notions . We shall not disparage you , O ye blessed Angels , and Archangels of heaven , if we shall say , ye are not able to look into the bottome of this divine love , wherewith God so loved the world that he gave his onely begotten Son , that whosoever beleeveth in him should not perish , but have everlasting life : None , oh , none can comprehend this mercy , but he that wrought it . Lord ! what a transcendent , what an infinite love is this ? what an object was this for thee to love ? A world of sinners ? Impotent , wretched creatures , that had despighted thee , that had no motive for thy favour but deformity , misery , professed enmity ? It had been mercy enough in thee , that thou didst not damn the world , but that thou shouldst love it , is more then mercy . It was thy great goodness to forbear the acts of just vengeance to the sinfull world of man , but to give unto it tokens of thy love , is a favour beyond all expression : The least gift from thee had been more then the world could hope for ; but that thou shouldst not stick to give thine onely begotten Son , the Son of thy love , the Son of thine essence , thy coequall , coeternall Son , who was more then ten thousand worlds , to redeem this one forlorn world of sinners , is love above all comprehension of men and Angels . What diminution had it been to thee and thine essentiall glory , O thou great God of heaven , that the souls that sinned should have died and perished everlastingly ? yet so infinite was thy loving mercy , that thou wouldest rather give thy onely Son out of thy bosome , then that there should not be a redemption for beleevers . Yet , O God , hadst thou sent down thy Son to this lower region of earth , upon such terms , as that he might have brought down heaven with him , that he might have come in the port and Majesty of a God , cloathed with celestiall glory , to have dazeled our eyes , and to have drawn all hearts unto him ; this might have seemed , in some measure , to have sorted with his divine magnificence ; But thou wouldst have him to appear in the wretched condition of our humanity : Yet , even thus , hadst thou sent him into the world , in the highest estate , and pomp of royalty , that earth could afford , that all the Kings and Monarchs of the world should have been commanded to follow his train , and to glitter in his Court ; and that the knees of all the Potentates of the earth should have bowed to his Soveraign Majesty , and their lips have kissed his dust , this might have carried some kind of appearance of a state next to divine greatnesse ; but thou wouldst have him come in the despised form of a servant : And thou , O blessed Jesu , wast accordingly willing , for our sakes , to submit thy self to nakednesse , hunger , thirst , wearinesse , temptation , contempt , betraying , agonies , scorn , buffeting , scourgings , distention , crucifixion , death : O love above measure , without example , beyond admiration ! Greater love ( thou saiest ) hath no man , then this , that a man lay down his life for his friends ; But , oh , what is it then , that thou , who wert God and man , shouldst lay down thy life , ( more precious then many worlds ) for thine enemies ! Yet , had it been but the laying down of a life , in a fair and gentle way , there might have been some mitigatiō of the sorrow of a dissolution ; there is not more difference betwixt life and death , then there may be betwixt some one kind of death , and another ; Thine , O dear Saviour , was the painfull , shameful , cursed death of the crosse ; wherein yet , all that man could doe unto thee was nothing to that inward torment , which in our stead , thou enduredst from thy Fathers wrath ; when in the bitternesse of thine anguished soul , thou cryedst out , My God , my God , why hast thou forsaken me ? Even thus , wast thou content to be forsaken , that we wretched sinners might be received to mercy ; O love stronger then death , which thou vanquishedst ! more high , then that hell is deep , from which thou hast rescued us ! SECT . XVI . THe sense of this infinite love of God cannot choose but ravish the soul , and cause it to goe out of it self , into that Saviour who hath wrought so mercifully for it ; so as it may be nothing in it self , but what it hath , or is , may be Christs . By the sweet powers therefore of Faith and Love the soul findes it self united unto Christ , feelingly , effectually , indivisibly : so as that it is not to be distinguished betwixt the acts of both : To me to live is Christ , saith the blessed Apostle ; and elsewhere , I live , yet not I , but Christ liveth in me , and the life which now I live in the flesh , I live by the faith of the Son of God , who loved me , and gave himselfe for me ; My beloved is mine , and I am his , saith the Spouse of Christ in her Bridall song . O blessed union , next to the hypostaticall , whereby the humane nature of the Son of God is taken into the participation of the eternall Godhead . SECT . XVII . OUt of the sense of this happy union ariseth an unspeakable complacency and delight of the soul in that God and Saviour , who is thus inseparably ours , and by whose union we are blessed ; and an high appreciation of him above all the world ; and a contemptuous under — valuation of all earthly things , in comparison of him ; And this is no other then an heavenly reflection of that sweet contentment , which the God of mercies takes in the faithfull soul ; Thou hast ravisht my heart , my sister , my Spouse , thou hast ravisht my heart with one of mine eyes . Thou art beautifull , O my Love , as Tirzah , comely as Jerusalem ; Turne away thine eyes from me , for they have overcome me . How fair is thy love , my sister , my Spouse ? How much better is thy love then wine , and the smell of thine ointments better then all spices . And the soul answers him again in the same language of spirituall dearnesse ; My beloved is white and ruddy ; the chiefest among ten thousand . Set me as a seal upon thine heart , as a seal upon thine arm , for love is as strong as death : And as in an ecstaticall qualm of passionate affection ; Stay me with flaggons , and comfort me with apples , for I am sick of love . SECT . XVIII . VPon this gracious complacency will follow an absolute self-resignation , or giving up our selves to the hands of that good God , whose we are , & who is ours ; and an humble contentednesse with his good pleasure in all things ; looking upon God with the same face , whether he smile upon us in his favours , or chastise us with his loving corrections ; If he speak good unto us ; Behold the servant of the Lord ; be it unto me according to thy word ; If evill , It is the Lord , let him doe whatsoever he will : Here is therefore a cheerfull acquiescence in God ; and an hearty reliance , and casting our selves upon the mercy of so bountifull a God ; who having given us his Son , can in and with him deny us nothing . SECT . XIX . VPon this subacted disposition of heart wil follow a familiar ( yet awfull ) compellation of God ; and an emptying of our soules before him in all our necessities . For that God , who is infinitly mercifull , yet will not have his favours otherwise conveighed to us then by our supplications : the style of his dear ones is , His people that prayeth , and his own style is , The God that heareth prayers : To him therfore doth the devout heart pour out all his requests with all true humility , with all fervour of spirit , as knowing , that God will hear neither proud prayers , nor heartlesse : wherein his holy desires are regulated by a just method ; First , suing for spirituall favours , as most worthy ; then for temporall , as the appendences of better ; and in both , ayming at the glory of our good God , more then our own advantage : And in the order of spirituall things , first and most for those that are most necessary , and essentiall for our souls health , then for secondary graces , that concern the prosperity and comfort of our spirituall life : Absolutely craving those graces that accompany salvation , all others , conditionally , and with reference to the good pleasure of the munificent Giver ; Wherein , heed must be taken , that our thoughts be not so much taken up with our expressions , as with our desires ; and that we doe not suffer our selves to languish into an unfeeling length , and repetition of our suits : Even the hands of a Moses , may in time grow heavy ; so therefore must we husband our spirituall strength , that our devotion may not flagge with overtyring , but may be most vigorous at the last . And as we must enter into our prayers , not without preparatory elevations , so must we be carefull to take a meet leave of God , at their shutting up : following our supplications , with the pause of a faithfull , and most lowly adoration ; and as it were sending up our hearts into heaven , to see how our prayers are taken ; and raising them to a joyfull expectation of a gracious and successefull answer frō the father of mercies . SECT . XX. VPon the comfortable feeling of a gracious condescent , follows an happy fruition of God in all his favours ; so as we have not them so much , as God in them ; which advanceth their worth a thousand fold , and as it were brings down heaven unto us ; whereas , therefore , the sensuall man rests onely in the meer use of any blessing , as health , peace , prosperity , knowledge , and reacheth no higher ; the devout soul , in , and through all these , sees , and feels a God that sanctifies them to him , and enjoys therein his favour , that is better then life ; Even we men are wont , out of our good nature , to esteem a benefit , not so much for its own worth , as for the love , and respect of the giver : Small legacies for this cause finde dear acceptation ; how much more is it so betwixt God and the devout soul ? It is the sweet apprehension of this love that makes all his gifts , blessings . Doe we not see some vain churl , though cryed down by the multitude , herein secretly applauding himself , that he hath bags at home ? how much more shall the godly man finde comfort against all the crosses of the world , that he is possessed of him that possesseth all things ; even God Al-sufficient ; the pledges of whose infinite love he feels in all the whole course of Gods dealing with him . SECT . XXI . OUt of the true sense of this inward fruition of God , the devout soul breaks forth into cheerfull thanksgivings to the God of all comfort , praising him for every evill that it is free from ; for every good thing it enjoyeth : For , as it keeps a just Inventory of all Gods favours , so it often spreads them thankfully before him , and layes them forth ( so near as it may ) in the full dimensions ; that so , God may be no loser by him in any act of his beneficence . Here therefore every of Gods benefits must come into account ; whether eternall , or temporall , spirituall or bodily , outward or inward , publique or private , positive or privative , past or present , upon our selves or others . In all which , he shall humbly acknowledge both Gods free mercy , and his own shamefull unworthinesse ; setting off the favours of his good God the more , with the foyle of his own confessed wretchednesse , and unanswerablenesse to the least of his mercies . Now as there is infinite variety of blessings from the liberall hand of the Almighty , so there is great difference in their degrees ; For , whereas there are three subjects of all the good we are capable of ; The Estate , Body , Soul ; and each of these doe far surpasse other in value , ( the soul being infinitely more worth then the body , and the body far more precious then the outward estate ) so the blessings that appertain to them , in severall , differ in their true estimation accordingly . If either we doe not highly magnifie Gods mercy for the least , or shall set as high a price upon the blessings that concern our estate , as those that pertain to the body , or upon bodily favours , as upon those that belong to the soul , we shall shew our selves very unworthy , and unequall partakers of the Divine bounty . But it will savour too much of earth , if we be more affected with temporall blessings , then with spirituall and eternall . By how much nearer relation then , any favour hath to the Fountain of goodness , and by how much more it conduceth to the glory of God , and ours in him ; so much higher place should it possesse in our affection and gratitude . No marvell therefore if the Devout Heart be raised above it self and transported with heavenly raptures , when , with Stephens eyes , it beholds the Lord Jesus standing at the right hand of God , fixing it self upon the consideration of the infinite Merits of his Life , Death , Resurrection , Ascension , Intercession , and finding it self swallowed up in the depth of that Divine Love , from whence all mercies flow into the Soul ; so as that it runs over with passionate thankfulnesse , and is therefore deeply affected with all other his mercies , because they are derived from that boundlesse Ocean of Divine goodnesse . Unspeakable is the advantage that the soul raises to it self by this continuall exercise of thanksgiving ; for the gratefull acknowledgement of favours , is the way to more ; even amongst men ( whose hands are short and strait ) this is the means to pull on further beneficence ; how much more from the God of all Consolation , whose largest bounty diminisheth nothing of his store ? And herein the Devout Soul enters into its Heavenly Task ; beginning upon earth those Hallelujahs , which it shall perfect above in the blessed Chore of Saints and Angels , ever praising God , and saying ; Blessing , and Glory , and Wisdome , and Thankesgiving , and Honour , and Power , and Might , be unto our God for ever and ever . Amen . SECT . XXII . NOne of all the services of God can be acceptably , no not unsinfully performed without due devotion ; as therefore in our prayers & thanksgivings , so in the other exercises of Divine Worship , ( especially , in the reading and hearing of Gods Word , and in our receipt of the blessed Sacrament ) it is so necessary , that without it , we offer to God a meer carcass of religious duty , and profane that Sacred Name we would pretend to honour . First then , we must come to Gods Book , not without an holy Reverence , as duly considering both what and whose it is ; Even no other , then the Word of the ever-living God , by which we shall once be judged . Great reason have we therefore , to make a difference betwixt it , and the writings of the holiest men , even no less then betwixt the Authours of both : God is true , yea , truth it self : and that which David said in his haste , S. Paul says in full deliberation , Every man is a Lyer . Before we put our hand to this Sacred Volume , it will be requisite to elevate our hearts to that God whose it is , for both his leave and his blessing : Open mine eyes , saith the sweet Singer of Israel , that I may behold the wondrous things of thy Lan. Lo , Davids eyes were open before to other objects ; but when he comes to Gods Book , he can see nothing , without a new act of apertion : Letters he might see , but Wonders he could not see , till God did unclose his eyes , and enlighten them . It is not therefore for us , presumptuously to break in upon God , and to think by our naturall abilities to wrest open the precious Caskets of the Almighty ; and to fetch out al his hidden treasure thence , at pleasure ; but we must come tremblingly before him , and in all humility crave his gracious admission . I confesse I finde some kinde of envy in my self , when I reade of those scrupulous observances of high respects given by the Jews to the Book of Gods Law : and when I reade of a Romish Saint , that never read the Scripture but upon his knees , and compare it with the carelesse neglect whereof I can accuse my self , and perhaps some others : Not that we would rest in the formality of outward Ceremonies of reverence , wherein it were more easie to be superstitious then devout ; but that our outward deportment may testifie , and answer the awefull disposition of our hearts : whereto we shall not need to be excited , if we be throughly perswaded of the Divine Originall , and authority of that Sacred Word . It was motive enough to the Ephesians zealously to plead for , and religiously to adore the Image of their Diana , that it was the Image that fell down from Jupiter . Beleeve we , and know , that the Scripture is inspired by God ; and we can entertain it with no other then an awefull addresse , and we cannot be Christians if we doe not so beleeve . Every clause therefore of that God-inspired Volume , must be , as reverently received by us , so seriously weighed , and carefully laid up ; as knowing , that there is no tittle therein without his use . What we reade , we must labour to understand ; what we cannot understand , we must admire silently , and modestly inquire of . There are plain Truths , and there are deep Mysteries . The bounty of God hath left this Well of Living-water open for all : what runnes over is for all commers ; but every one hath not wherewith to draw . There is no Christian that may not enjoy Gods Book , but every Christian may not interpret it ; those shallow Fords that are in it , may be waded by every Passenger , but there are deeps wherein he that cannot swim , may drown . How can I without a Guide ? said that Ethiopian Eunuch : Wherefore serves the tongue of the Learned , but to direct the Ignorant ? Their modesty is of no less use then the others skill . It is a wofull condition of a Church when no man will bee ignorant . What service can our eyes do us in the ways of God without our thoughts ? our diligent and frequent reading , therefore , must be attended with our holy meditation : we feed on what we read , but we digest only what we meditate of : What is in our Bible , is Gods ; but that which is in our hearts , is our own : By all which our care must be , not so much to become vviser , as to become better , labouring still to reduce all things to godly practice . Finally , as we enter into this task with the lifting up of our hearts for a blessing , so we shut it up in the ejaculations of our thanksgiving to that God , who hath blessed us with the free use of his Word . SECT . XXIII . OUr eye is our best guide to God our Creator , but our ear is it that leads us to God our Redeemer . How shall they beleeve except they hear ? Which that we may effectually doe , our devotion suggests unto us some duties before the act , some in the act , some after the act . It is the Apostles charge , that we should be swift to hear , but heed must be taken , that we make not more haste then good speed : we may not be so forward as not to look to our foot when we goe to the House of God , lest if we be too ready to hear , we offer the sacrifice of Fools . What are the foot of the soul , but our affections ? If these be not set right , we may easily stumble , and wrench at Gods threshold . Rash actions can never hope to prosper ; as therefore to every great Work , so to this , there is a due preparation required ; and this must be done by meditation first , then by praier . Our meditation first sequesters the heart from the world , and shakes off those distractive thoughts , which may carry us away from these better things : for what room is there for God , where the world hath taken up the lodging ? We cannot serve God and Mammon . Then secondly , it seizes upon the heart for God , fixing our thoughts upon the great businesse we go about ; recalling the greatnesse of that Majesty into whose presence we enter , and the main importance of the service we are undertaking ; and examining our intentions wherewith we addresse our selves to the work intended ; I am now going to Gods House ; Wherefore doe I goe thither ? Is it to see , or to be seen ? Is it to satisfie my own curiosity in hearing what the Preacher will say ? Is it to satisfie the law , that requires my presence ? Is it to please others eyes , or to avoid their censures ? is it for fashion ? is it for recreation ? or is it with a sincere desire to doe my soul good , in gaining more knowledge , in quickning my affections ? Is it in a desire to approve my self to my God , in the conscience of my humble obedience to his command , and my holy attendance upon his Ordinance ? And where we finde our ends amisse , chiding and rectifying our obliquities ; where just and right , prosecuting them towards a further perfection . Which that it may be done , our meditation must be seconded by our prayers . It is an unholy rudenesse to press into the presence of that God whom we have not invoked : Our prayer must be , that God would yet more prepare us for the work , and sanctifie us to it , and bless us in it ; that he would remove our sinnes , that he would send down his Spirit into our hearts , which may inable us to this great service ; that he would bless the Preacher in the delivery of his sacred message , that he would be pleased to direct his messengers tongue to the meeting with our necessities ; that he would free our hearts from all prejudices and distractions ; that he would keep off all temptations , which might hinder the good entertainment , and success of his blessed Word : Finally , that he would make us truly teachable , and his ordinance the power of God to our salvation . In the act of hearing , Devotion cals us to Reverence , Attention , Application . Reverence to that great God , who speaks to us , by the mouth of a weak man ; for , in what is spoken from Gods Chair , agreeable to the Scriptures , the sound is mans , the substance of the message is Gods. Even an Eglon , when he hears of a message from God , riseth out of his seat . It was not Saint Pauls condition onely , but of all his faithfull servants , to whom he hath committed the word of reconciliation ; They are Ambassadours for Christ ; as if God did beseech us by them , they pray us in Christs stead to be reconciled to God : The Ambassy is not the bearers , but the kings ; and if we doe not acknowledge the great King of heaven in the voice of the Gospel , we cannot but incur a contempt . When therefore we see Gods messenger in his Pulpit , our eye looks at him , as if it said with Cornelius , We are all here present before God to hear all things that are commanded thee of God ; whence cannot but follow together with an awfull disposition of mind , a reverent deportment of the body ; which admits not a wild and roving eye , a drouzy head , a chatting tongue , a rude and indecent posture ; but composes it self to such a site as may befit a pious soul in so religious an imployment . Neither do we come as authorized Judges to sit upon the preacher , but as humble Disciples to sit at his feet . SECT . XXIV . REverence cannot but draw on Attention ; We need not be bidden to hang on the lips of him whom we honour . It is the charge of the Spirit , Let him that hath an ear hear ; Every one hath not an eare , and of those that have an ear , every one heareth not ; The soul hath an ear as well as the body ; if both these ears doe not meet together in one act , there is no hearing : Common experience tels us that when the mind is otherwise taken up , we doe no more hear what a man says , then if we had been deaf , or he silent . Hence is that first request of Abig●il to David ; Let thine handmaid speak to thine ears , and hear the words of thine handmaid ; and Job so importunately urgeth his friends : Hear diligently my speech and my declaration with your ears . The outward ear may be open , and the inward shut ; if way be not made through both , we are deaf to spirituall things . Mine ear hast thou boared , or digged , saith the Psalmist ; the vulgar reads it , my ears hast thou perfected : Surely our ears are grown up with flesh ; there is no passage for a perfit hearing of the voyce of God , till he have made it by a spirituall perforation . And now that the ear is made capable of good counsell , it doth as gladly receive it ; taking in every good lesson , and longing for the next : Like unto the dry and chopped earth , which soaks in every silver drop , that falls from the clouds , and thirsteth for more , not suffering any of that precious liquor to fall beside it . SECT . XXV . NEither doth the devout man care to satisfie his curiosity , as hearing only that he might hear ; but reducts all things to a saving use ; bringing all he hears , home to his heart , by a self-reflecting application ; like a practiser of the art of memory , referring every thing to it's proper place ; If it be matter of comfort , There is for my sick bed , There is for my outward losses , There for my drouping under afflictions , There for the sense of my spirituall desertions ; If matter of doctrine , There is for my settlement in such a truth , There for the conviction of such an error , There for my direction in such a practice ; If matter of reproof , he doth not point at his neighbour , but deeply chargeth himself ; This meets with my dead-heartednesse and security , This with my worldly mindednesse , This with my self-love and flattery of mine own estate , This with my uncharitable censoriousnesse , This with my foolish pride of heart , This with my hypocrisie , This with my neglect of Gods services , and my duty ; Thus in all the variety of the holy passages of the Sermon , the devout mind is taken up with digesting what it heares ; and working it self to a secret improvement of all the good counsell that is delivered , neither is ever more busie , then when it sits still at the feet of Christ . I cannot therefore approve the practice ( which yet I see commonly received ) of those , who think it no small argument of their Devotion , to spend their time of hearing , in writing large notes frō the mouth of the Preacher ; which however it may be an help for memory in the future , yet cannot ( as I conceive ) but be some prejudice to our present edification ; neither can the brain get so much hereby , as the heart loseth . If it be said , that by this means , an opportunity is given for a full rumination of wholesome Doctrines afterwards : I yeeld it , but withall , I must say that our after-thoughts can never doe the work so effectually , as when the lively voice sounds in our ears , and beats upon our heart ; but herein I submit my opinion to better judgments . SECT . XXVI . THe food that is received into the soul by the ear , is afterwards chewed in the mouth thereof by memory , concocted in the stomach by meditation , and dispersed into the parts by conference and practice ; True Devotion findes the greatest part of the work behinde ; It was a just answer that John Gerson reports , given by a Frenchman , who being askt by one of his neighbours if the Sermon were done ; no saith he , it is said , but it is not done , neither will be , I fear , in hast . What are we the better if we hear and remember not ? if we be such auditours as the Jews were wont to call sieves , that retain no moisture that is poured into them ? What the better if we remember , but think not seriously of what we hear ; or if we practice not carefully what wee think of ? Not that which we hear is our own , but that which we carry away : although all memories are not alike , one receives more easily , another retains longer ; It is not for every one to hope to attain to that ability , that he can goe away with the whole fabrick of a Sermon , and readily recount it unto others ; neither doth God require that of any man , which he hath not given him ; Our desires and endeavours may not be wanting wher our powers fail ; It will be enough for weak memories if they can so lay up those wholesom counsels which they receive , as that they may fetch them forth when they have occasion to use them ; and that what they want in the extent of memory , they supply in the care of their practice ; Indeed that is it , wherein lies the life of all religious duties , and without which 〈…〉 the Philosopher 〈…〉 vertue , I must say of true godliness , that it consists in action ; Our Saviour did not say , Blessed are ye if ye know these things ; But , If ye know these things , blessed are ye if ye doe them . The end of our desire of the sincere milk of the Gospel , is , that we may grow thereby in the stature of all Grace , unto the fulnesse of God. SECT . XXVII . THe highest of all Gods services are his Sacraments ; which therefore require the most eminent acts of our Devotion . The Sacrament of initiation , which in the first planting of a Church is administred onely to those of riper age and understanding , cals for all possible reverence , and religious addresses of the receivers ; wherein the Primitive times were punctually observant , both for substance , and ceremony ; now , in a setled and perpetuated Church , in which the vertue of the Covenant descends from the parent to the child , there seems to be no use of our preparatory directions : Onely , it is fit that our Devotion should call our eyes back , to what we have done in our infancy , and whereto we are ever obliged ; that our full age may carefully endeavour to make our word good , and may put us in mind of our sinfull failings . That other Sacrament of our spirituall nourishment , which our Saviour ( as his farewell ) left us for a blessed memoriall of his death and passion , can never be celebrated with enough Devotion . Farre be it from us to come to this feast of our God , in our common garments ; the soul must be trimmed up , if we would be meet guests for the Almighty . The great Master of the feast will neither abide us to come naked , nor ill clad : Away therefore , first with the old beastly rags of our wonted corruptions : Due examination comes in first , and throughly searches the soul , and findes out all the secret nastiness , and defilements that it hides within it ; and by the aid of true penitence , strips it of all those loathsome clouts , wherewith it was polluted ; Sin may not be cloathed upon with grace ; Joshuahs filthy garments must be pluckt off , ere he can be capable of precious robes : Here may be no place for our sinfull lusts , for our covetous desires , for our naturall infidelity , for our malicious purposes , for any of our unhallowed thoughts ; The soul clearly devested of these and all other known corruptions , must in the next placae in stead thereof , be furnished with such graces and holy predispositions , as may fit it for so heavenly a work . Amongst the graces requisite , Faith justly challengeth the first place , as that which is both most eminent , and most necessarily presupposed to the profitable receit of this Sacrament ; for whereas the main end of this blessed banquet is the strengthening of our faith , how should that receive strength , which hath not beeing ? to deliver these sacred viands to an unbeleever , is to put meat into the mouth of a dead man : Now therefore must the heart raise up it self to new acts of beleeving , and must lay faster hold on Christ , and bring him closer to the soul ; more strongly applying to it self , the infinite merits of his most perfect obedience , and of his bitter death and passion ; and erecting it self to a desire and expectation of a more vigorous : and lively apprehension of it's omnipotent Redeemer . Neither can this faith be either dead , or solitary ; but is still really operative , and attended ( as with other graces , so ) especially with a serious repentance ; whose wonderfull power is , to undoe our former sins , and to mold the heart and life to a better obedience : A grace so necessary , that the want of it ( as in extream corruption of the stomach ) turns the wholesom food of the soul into poyson ; An impenitent man therefore comming to Gods board , is so far from benefiting himself , as that he eats his own judgement : Stand off from this holy table , all ye that have not made your peace with your God ; or that harbour any known sin in your bosome ; not to eat is uncomfortable , but to eat in such a state is deadly ; yet rest not in this plea , that ye cannot come because ye are unreconciled ; but ( as ye love your souls ) be reconciled that you may come . Another Grace necessarily pre-required is charity to our brethren , and readinesse to forgive ; For this is a communion , as with Christ the head , so with all the members of his mysticall body : This is the true Love-feast of God our Saviour , wherein we professe our selves inseparably united both to him & his ; If there be more hearts then one at Gods table , he will not own them ; These holy elements give us an Embleme of our selves : This bread is made up of many grains , incorporated into one masse ; and this wine is the confluent juice of many clusters ; neither doe we partake of severall loaves , or variety of liquors , but all eat of one bread , and drink of one cup. Here is then no place for rancour and malice ; none for secret grudgings and heart-burnings ; Therefore , if thou bring thy gift to the Altar , and there remembrest that thy brother hath ought against thee , leave there thy gift , and goe thy way ; first be reconciled to thy brother , and then come and offer thy gift . Neither may we doe as those two emulous Commanders of Greece did , who resolved to leave their spight behinde them at mount Athos , and to take it up again in their return ; here must be an absolute , and free acquitting of all the back-reckonings of our unkindnesse , that we may receive the God of peace into a clear bosome . SECT . XXVIII . BEsides these graces there are certain holy pre-dispositions so necessary that without them our souls can never hope to receive true comfort in this blessed Sacrament ; whereof the first is an hungring and thirsting desire after these gracious means of our salvation : What good will our meat doe us without an appetite ? surely without it , there is no expectation of either relish , or digestion ; as therefore those that are invited to some great feast , care first to feed their hunger ere they feed their body ; labouring by exercise to get a stomach , ere they employ it ; so it concerns us to do here : and , as those those that are listlesse , and weak stomached , are wont to whet their appetite with sharp sawces , so must we by the tart applications of the law , quicken our desires of our Saviour here exhibited . Could we but see our sins , and our miseries by sin ; Could we see God frowning , and hell gaping wide to swallow us , we should not need to be bidden to long for our deliverer ; and every pledge of his favour would be precious to us . Upon the apprehension of our need of a Saviour and so happy a supply thereof presented unto us , must needs follow a renued act of true thankfulnesse of heart to our good God , that hath both given us his dear Son to work our redemption , and his blessed Sacrament to seal up unto us our redemption thus wrought and purchased ; And with souls thus thankfully elevated unto God , we approach with all reverence , to that heavenly table , where God is both the Feast-master , and the Feast . What intention of holy thoughts , what fervour of spirit , what depth of Devotion must we now finde in our selves ? Doubtlesse , out of heaven no object can be so worthy to take up our hearts . What a clear representation is here of the great work of our Redemption ? How is my Saviour by all my senses here brought home to my soul ? How is his passion lively acted before mine eyes ? For lo , my bodily eye doth not more truly see bread and wine , then the eye of my faith sees the body and bloud of my dear Redeemer ; Thus was his sacred body torn and broken ; Thus was his precious bloud poured out for me ; My sins ( wretched man that I am ) helped thus to crucifie my Saviour ; and for the discharge of my sins would he be thus crucified : Neither did he onely give himself for me , upon the crosse , but lo , he both offers and gives himself to me in this his blessed institution ; what had his generall gift been without this application ? now my hand doth not more sensibly take , nor my mouth more really eat this bread , then my soul doth spiritually receive , and feed on the bread of life ; O Saviour , thou art the living bread that came down from heaven ; Thy flesh is meat indeed , and thy bloud is drink indeed : Oh that I may so eat of this bread , that I may live for ever ; He that commeth to thee , shall never hunger , he that beleeveth in thee , shall never thirst : Oh that I could now so hunger , and so thirst for thee , that my soul could be for ever satisfied with thee ; Thy people of old , were fed with Manna in the wildernesse , yet they died ; that food of Angels could not keep them from perishing ; but oh , for the hidden Manna , which giveth life to the world , even thy blessed self , give me ever of this bread , and my soul shall not die but live : Oh the precious juice of the fruit of the Vine , wherewith thou refreshest my soul ▪ Is this the bloud of the grape ? Is it not rather thy bloud of the New testament , that is poured out for me ? Thou speakest , O Saviour , of new wine that thou wouldest drink with thy Disciples , in thy Fathers kingdome , can there be any more precious and pleasant , then this , wherewith thou chearest the beleeving soul ? our palate is now dull and earthly , which shall then be exquisite and celestiall ; but surely no liquor can be of equall price or soveraignty with thy bloud ; Oh how unsavoury are all earthly delicacies to this heavenly draught ▪ O God , let not the sweet taste of this spirituall Nectar ever goe out of the mouth of my soul ; Let the comfortable warmth of this blessed Cordiall ever work upon my soul , even till , and in , the last moment of my dissolution . Doest thou bid me , O Saviour , doe this in remembrance of thee ? Oh , how can I forget thee ? How can I enough celebrate thee for this thy unspeakable mercy ? Can I see thee thus crucified before my eies , & for my sake thus crucified , and not remember thee ? Can I finde my sins accessary to this thy death , and thy death meritoriously expiating all these my grievous sins , and not remember thee ? Can I hear thee freely offering thy self to me , and feel thee graciously conveighing thy self into my soul , and not remember thee ? I doe remember thee O Saviour ; but oh that I could yet more effectually remember thee ; with all the passionate affections of a soul sick of thy love ; with all zealous desires to glorifie thee , with all fervent longings after thee , and thy salvation ; I remember thee in thy sufferings , Oh doe thou remember me in thy glory . SECT . XXIX . HAving thus busied it self with holy thoughts in the time of the celebration , the devout soul breaks not off in an abrupt unmannerlinesse , without taking leave of the great Master of this heavenly feast , but with a secret adoration , humbly blesseth God for so great a mercy , and heartily resolves and desires to walk worthy of the Lord Jesus , whom it hath received , and to consecreate it self wholly to the service of him that hath so dearly bought it , and hath given it these pledges of it's eternall union with him . The devout soul hath thus sup't in heaven , and returnes home , yet the work is not thus done : after the elements are out of eye and use , there remains a digestion of this celestial food , by holy meditation ; and now it thinks , Oh what a blessing have I received to day ! no lesse then my Lord Jesus , with all his merits ; and in and with him , the assurance of the remission of all my sins , and everlasting salvation : How happy am I , if I be not wanting to God and my self ? How unworthy shall I be , if I doe not strive to answer this love of my God and Saviour , in all hearty affection , and in all holy obedience ? And now after this heavenly repast , how doe I feel my self ? what strength , what advantage hath my faith gotten ? how much am I neerer to heaven then before ? how much faster hold have I taken of my blessed Redeemer ? how much more firm & sensible is my interest in him ? Neither are these thoughts , & this examination the work of the next instant onely , but they are such , as must dwell upon the heart ; and must often solicite our memory , and excite our practise , that by this means we may frequently renue the efficacy of this blessed Sacrament , and our souls may batten more and more , with this spirituall nourishment , and may be fed up to eternall life . SECT . XXX . THese are the generalities of our Devotion , which are of common use to all Christians ; There are besides these certain specialties of it , appliable to severall occasions , times , places , persons ; For there are morning , and evening Devotions ; Devotions proper to our board , to our closet , to our bed , to Gods day , to our own ; to health , to sicknesse , to severall callings , to recreations ; to the way , to the field , to the Church , to our home , to the student , to the souldier , to the Magistrate , to the Minister , to the husband , wife , child , servant ; to our own persons , to our families ; The severalties whereof , as they are scarce finite for number , so are most fit to be left to the judgement , and holy managing of every Christian ; neither is it to be imagined , that any soul which is taught of God , and hath any acquaintance with heaven , can be to seek in the particular application of common rules to his own necessity or expedience . The result of all , is , A devout man is he that ever sees the invisible , and ever trembleth before that God he sees ; that walks ever , here on earth , with the God of heaven ; and still adores that Majesty with whom he converses ; that confers hourely with the God of spirits in his own language ; yet so , as no familiarity can abate of his aw , nor fear abate ought of his love . To whom the gates of heaven are ever open , that he may goe in at pleasure to the throne of grace , and none of the Angelicall spirits can offer to challenge him of too much boldnesse : Whose eies are well acquainted with those heavenly guardians , the presence of whom he doth as truly acknowledge , as if they were his sensible companions . He is well known of the King of glory , for a daily suitor in the Court of heaven , & none so welcome there , as he : He accounts all his time lost that fals beside his God ; and can be no more weary of good thoughts , then of happinesse . His bosome is no harbour for any known evill ; and it is a question whether he more abhorres sin , or hell ; His care is to entertain God in a clear , and free heart , and therefore he thrusts the world out of doors , and humbly beseeches God to welcome himself to his own : He is truly dejected , and vile in his own eies : Nothing but hell is lower then he ; every of his slips are hainous , every trespasse is aggravated to rebellion ; The glory and favours of God heighten his humiliation ; He hath lookt down to the bottomles deep , & seen with horror what he deserved to feel everlastingly ; His crys have been as strong , as his fears just ; & he hath found mercy more ready to rescue him , then he could be importunate : His hand could not be so soon put forth as his Saviours , for deliverance . The sense of this mercy hath raised him to an unspeakable joy to a most fervent love of so dear a Redeemer ; that love hath knit his heart to so meritorious a deliverer , and wrought a blessed union betwixt God and his soul . That union can no more be severed from an infinite delight , then that delight can be severed from an humble , and cheerfull acquiescence in his munificent God ; And now , as in an heavenly freedome , he pours out his soul into the bosome of the Almighty , in all faithfull suits for himself and others ; so , he enjoys God in the blessings received , and returns all zealous praises to the giver . He comes reverently to the Oracles of God , and brings not his eye , but his heart with him , not carelesly negligent in seeking to know the revealed will of his maker , nor too busily inquisitive into his deep counsels ; not too remisse in the letter , nor too peremptory in the sense : gladly comprehending what he may , and admiring what he cannot comprehend . Doth God call for his ear ? He goes awfully into the holy presence and so hears , as if he should now hear his last : Latching every word that drops from the Preachers lips , ere it fall to the ground , and laying it up carefully where he may be sure to fetch it . He sits not to censure , but to learn , yet speculation and knowledge is the least drift of his labour ; Nothing is his own but what he practiseth . Is he invited to Gods feast ? he hates to come in a foul and slovenly dresse ; but trims up his soul , so , as may be fit for an heavenly guest : Neither doth he leave his stomach at home cloyed with the world , but brings a sharp appetite with him ; and so s●eds as if he meant to live for ever . All earthly delicates are unfavoury to him , in respect of that celestiall Manna : Shortly , he so eats and drinks , as one that sees himself set at Table with God , and his Angels ; and rises and departs full of his Saviour ; and in the strength of that meal walks vigorously and cheerfully on towards his glory . Finally , as he well knows that he lives , and moves , and hath his beeing in God , so he referres his life , motions , and beeing wholly to God ; so acting all things as if God did them by him , so using all things , as one that enjoyes God in them ; and in the mean time so walking on earth , that he doth in a sort carry his heaven with him . THE FREE PRISONER : OR , The COMFORT of RESTRAINT . Written Some while since in the Tower , BY I. H. B. N. The Free Prisoner : OR The Comfort of Restraint . SECT . I. SIR : WHiles you pity my affliction , take heed lest you aggravate it , and in your thoughts make it greater then it is in my own ; It is true , I am under restraint ; What is that to a man , that can be free in the Tower , and cannot but be a prisoner abroad ? Such is my condition , and every Divine Philosophers with me . Were my walls much straiter then they are , they cannot hold me in ; It is a bold word to say , I cannot , I will not be a prisoner : It is my Soul that is I : my flesh is my partner , ( if not my servant ) not my self : However my body may be immured , that agile spirit shall flye abroad , and visit both earth , and heaven at pleasure . Who shall hinder it from mounting up ( in an instant ) to that supream region of blisse , and from seeing that , by the eye of faith , which S. Paul saw in extasie ; and when it hath viewed that blessed Hierarchy of heaven to glance down through the innumerable , and unmeasurable globes of light ( which move in the firmament , and below it ) into this elementary world ; and there to compasse seas and lands , without shipwrack , in a trice , which a Drake , or Cavendish cannot doe , but with danger , and in some years navigation ; And if my thoughts list to stay themselves in the passage ; with what variety can my soul be taken up of severall objects ; Here , turning in to the dark vaults , and dungeons of penall restraint , to visit the disconsolate prisoners , and to fetch from their greater misery , a just mitigation of mine own ; There , looking in to the houses of vain jollity , and pitying that which the sensuall fools call happinesse ; Here stepping in to the Courts of great Princes , and in them observing the fawning compliances of some , the trecherous underworking of others ; hollow friendships , faithlesse ingagements , fair faces , smooth tongues , rich suits , viewing all save their hearts , & censuring nothing that it sees not ; There calling in at the low cottages of the poor , and out of their empty cupboard furnishing it self with thankfulnesse ; Here so over-looking the Courts of Justice , as not willing to seerigour or partiality ; There listing what they say in those meetings which would passe for sacred , and wondring at what it hears . Thus can , and shall , and doth my nimble spirit bestir it self in a restless flight , making onely the Empyreall heaven , the bounds of it's motion ; not being more able to stand still , then the heavens themselves , whence it descended : Should the iron enter into my soul , as it did into that good Patriarchs , yet it cannot fetter me : No more can my spirit be confined to one place , then my body can be diffused to many . Perhaps therefore you are mistaken in my condition ; for what is it I beseech you that makes a prisoner ? Is it an allotment to the same room without change , without remove ? What is that still to a minde that is free ? And why is my body then more a prisoner then the best mans soul ; that , you know , is peremptorily assigned , for inhabitation to this house of clay till the day of dissolution : Why more then the starres of Heaven , which have remained fixed in their first stations ever since they were first created ? Why more then those great persons which keep up for state ; or Dames for beauty ? Why more then those Anachorites whom we have seen willingly coop'd up for merit ? How much more scope have we then they ? We breathe fresh aire , we see the same heavens with the freest travellers . SECT . II. BUt we have ( you will say ) bounds for our restraint , which the free spirit hates ; as never being pleased , but with a full liberty both of prospect and passage ; Any barre , whether to the foot , or to the eye , is a death : Oh vain affectation of wilde , and roving curiosity ! if their desires cannot be bounded , yet their motions must ; When they have the full sight of heaven above them , they cannot clime up into it ; they cannot possibly see that whole glorious contignation ; and when the whole earth lyes open before them , they can measure but some small pieces of it . How can they be quiet till they have purchased Tycho Brahe his prospective Trunk of thirty two foot long , whereby they may discover a better face of Heaven ; some lesser Planets moving round about the Sun , and the Moonets about Saturn and Jupiter , and the Mountains , Seas , and Vallies in the Moon ? How can they rest till having acquainted themselves with the constellations of our Hemisphere , they have passed the Equinoctiall , and seen the triangle , the crosse , and the clouds , and the rest of the unknown Stars that move above the other Pole ? And when all this is done they are but who they were , no whit better , no whit wiser , and perhaps far lesse happy then those , who never smelt any but their own smoke ; never knew any star , but Charles-wayn , the Morning-star , and the Seven . For me , I doe not envie , but wonder at the licentious freedome , which these men think themselves happy to enjoy ; and hold it a weaknesse in those mindes , which cannot finde more advantage and pleasure in confinement , and retirednesse ; Is it a small benefit , that I am placed there , where no oathes , no blasphemies beat my ears ? where my eyes are in no perill of wounding objects ; where I hear no invectives , no false doctrines , no sermocinations of Ironmongers , Felt-makers , Coblers , Broom-men , Groomes , or any other of those inspired ignorants ; no curses , no ribaldries : where I see no drunken comeslations , no rebellious routs , no violent oppressions , no obscene rejoycings , nor ought else that might either vex , or afright my soul . This , this is my liberty : who whiles I sit here quietly lock'd up by my Keeper , can pity the turmoiles and distempers abroad , and blesse my own immunity from those too common evils . SECT . III. IS it the necessity and force of the restraint ; since those things which we do voluntarily , are wont to passe from us with delight , which being imposed seem grievous to us ? Why should not I have so much power over my will as to make that voluntary in me , to undergo , which another wils forcibly to inflict ? the mind that is truly subacted to Grace , can so frame it self to what it must suffer , as that it finds a kind of contentment in patience ; Thus we daily doe to the Almighty , whose will , by our humble submission , we make ours ; and pray that we may do so : And who can restrain us without him ? If therefore my wise and holy God think it best to cage me up , by the cōmand of authority ( upon what cause soever ) why should not I think this enclosure a better liberty : who know there is perfect freedome in his obedience ? So then , if constraint make a prisoner , I am none ; who am most willingly , where my God will have me : And , if my will did not often carry me out of my own walks at home , why cannot it as well confine me to a larger compasse of the Tower ? SECT . IV. IS it solitude and infrequence of visitation ? This may perhaps be troublesome to a man that knows not to entertain himself ; but , to him that can hold continuall discourse with his own heart , no favour can be greater ; For of all other , these self-conferences are most beneficiall to the soul ; Other mens communication may spend the time with more advantage of learning or mirth ; but none can yeeld us so much spiritual profit , as our own soliloquies : And when all is done , the Greeks said well ; It is not much , but usefull that makes truly wise . Besides this , we can never have the opportunity of so good company , as when we are alone : Now , we enjoy the society of God , and his Angels , which we cannot so freely do in a throng of visitants : When God would expresse his greatest intirenesse with his Church , Ducam eam in solitudinem , saith he : I will bring her into the wildernesse , and there speak comfortably to her . We cannot expect so sweet conversation with God , in the presence of others , as apart . Oh the divine benefit of an holy solitarinesse , which no worldly heart can either know , or value ! What care I for seeing of men , when I may see him that is invisible ? What care I for chatting with friends , when I may talk familiarly with the God of heaven ? What care I for entertaining mortall guests , when I may with Abraham & his nephew Lot feast the Angels of God : and ( which were too great a word , if God himself had not spoken it ) be attended by them ? SECT . V. IS it the reproach & ignominy that commonly attends the very name of an imprisonment ? weak mindes may be affected with every thing : but , with solid judgements , it is not the punishment , but the cause that makes either the Martyr , or the malefactor . S. Pauls bonds were famous : and Petrus ad vincula is not without a note of yearly celebrity : and it were hard , if so many blessed Martyrs , and Confessors , who have lived , & dy'd in Jayls , for the truths sake ; should not have brought prisons ( such as they may be ) into some credit . Shortly , as notorious crimes may be at liberty , so even innocence may be under restraint ; yet those crimes no whit the better , nor this innocence the worse . Besides ( that which perhaps came not within your freer thoughts ) every restraint is not for punishment ; there is a restraint for safety , a salva custodia , as well as arcta , such is this of ours : This strong Tower serves not so much for our prison , as for our defence ; what horror soever the name may carry in it : I blesse God for these wals , out of which I know not where we could ( for the time ) have been safe from the rage of the mis-incensed multitude : Poor seduced souls , they were taught it was piety to be cruell ; and were misperswaded to hate & condemn us for that , ( which should have procured their reverence , and honour ) even that holy station which we hold in Gods Church ; and to curse those of us , who had deserved nothing but their thanks and prayers : rayling on our very profession in the streets ; and rejoycing in our supposed ruine : Father , forgive them , for they knew not what they did : Here we were out of the danger of this mis-raised fury , and had leisure to pray for the quenching of those wilde fires of contention , ' and causlesse malice , which ( to our great grief ) we saw wicked incendiaries daily to cast amongst Gods dear & well-minded people . Here we have well and happily approved with the blessed Apostle , that ( what ever our restraint be ) the Word of God is not bound ; With what liberty , with what zeal , with what successe hath that been preached by us to all commers ? Let them say , whether the Tower had ever so many , such guests , or such benedictions ; so as if the place have rendered us safe , we have endeavoured to make it happy ; Wherin our performances have seemed to confute that which * Cornelius Bishop of Rome long since observed , that the mind laden with heavy burdens of affliction , is not able to doe that service , which it can doe when it is free and at ease ; Our troubles through Gods mercy made us more active , and our labours more effectuall . SECT . VI. ADde unto these ( if you please ) the eminent dignity of the place , such , as is able to give a kinde of honour to captivity , the ancient seat of Kings , chosen by them , as for the safe residence of their royall persons , so for their treasury , their wardrobe , their Magazine ; all these precious things are under the same custody with our selves ; sent hither , not as to a prison , but a repository ; and why should we think our selves in any other condition ? How many worthy inhabitants make choice to fixe their abode within these wals , as not knowing where to be happier ? the place is the same to us , if our will maybe the same with theirs ; they dearly purchase that , which cost us nothing but our fees ; nothing makes the difference , but the meer conceit of Liberty , which whiles I can give to my self , in my thoughts , why am I pityed as miserable , whiles their happinesse is applauded ? You see then how free I am in that which you mis-call my prison ; see now , how little cause I have to affect this liberty , which you imagine me to want ; since I shall be , I can be no other then a prisoner abroad : There is much difference of prisons ; One is strait and close locked , so far from admitting visitants , that it scarce allows the sun to look in at those crosse-barred grates ; another , is more large and spacious , yeelding both walks , and accesse ; Even after my discharge from these wals , I shall be yet sure to be a prisoner , both these ways ; For , what is my body but my prison in the one ? and what is the world , but my prison in the other kinde ? SECT . VII . TO begin with the former , never was there a more close prisoner then my soul is for the time to my body ; Close in respect of the essence of that spirit , which since it's first Mittimus , never stir'd out from this strait room ; never can doe , till my gaole-delivery . If you respect the improvement of the operatiōs of that busie soul , it is any where , it is successively every where ; no place can hold it , none can limit it ; but if you regard the immortall , and immateriall substance of it , it is fast lockt up within these wals of clay , till the day of my changing come ; even as the closest captive may write letters to his remotest friends , whilest his person is in durance ; I have too much reason to acknowledge my native Jayle , and feel the true Symptomes of it to my pain ; what darkness of sorrow have I here found ? what little-ease of melancholick lodgings ? what manacles and shakles of cramps ? yea what racks of torturing convulsions ? And if there be others , that finde less misery in their prison , yet there is no good soul , but findes equall restraint : That spirituall substance , which is imprisoned within us , would fain be flying up to that heaven whence it descended ; these wals of flesh forbid that evolation , ( as Socrates cal'd it of old ) and will not let it out , till the God of spirits ( who placed it there ) shall unlock the doors , and free the prisoner by death ; He that insused life into Lazarus , that he might call him from the prison of the grave , must take life from us , when he cals us out of this prison of flesh ; I desire to be loosed , and to be with Christ , ( saith the Apostle ) as some versions expresse it ; whiles we are chained to this flesh , we can have no passage to heaven , no free conversation with our Saviour : Although it was the singular priviledge of that great Doctor of the Gentiles , that he was in heaven before his dissolution : whether in the body , or out of the body , he knew not : How far that rapture extended , whether to both soul and body , if he knew not , how should we ? But this we know , that such extasie and vision was in him , without separation of the soul from the body ; which another should hope for in vain : And for him , so he saw this glory of Paradise , that he could not yet enjoy it : Before he , or we , can be blessed with the fruition of Christ , vve must be loosed : that is , freed from our clog , and our chain of this mortall body . What but our prison wals can hinder us here , from a free prospect ? What but these wals of flesh can hinder me from a clear vision of God ? I must now , for the time , see as I may : Nothing can enter into my soul , but what passes through my senses , and partakes , in some sort , of their earthlinesse ; when I am freed from them , I shall see as I am seen ; in an abstracted and heavenly way ; so as one spirit apprehends another : I do now , at the best , see those spirituall objects darkly , by the eye of faith , as in a glasse ; and that not one of the clearest neither : ( Alas , what dim representations are these , that I can attain to here , of that Majesty , whose sight shal make me blessed ? ) I shall once see as I am seen , face to face ; the face of my glorified soul shall see the face of that all-glorious Deity , and in that sight be eternally happy ; It is enough for a prisoner in this dungeon of clay , to know of , and fore-expect such felicity , vvhereof these earthly gieves render him as yet uncapable . SECT . VIII . WOE is me ! how many prisons do we passe ? so soon as ever this divine soul is insused into this flesh , it is a prisoner : neither can any more passe out of this skin , till this frame of nature be demolished : And now , as the soul of this Embryon is instantly a prisoner to the body , so the body is also a prisoner in the womb , wherein it is formed : what darknesse , what closenesse , what uneasinesse , what nuisance is there in this dungeon of nature ? There he must lie in an uncouth posture , for his appointed month , till the native bonds being loosed , & the doors forced open , he shall be by an helpfull obstetrication drawn forth into the larger prison of the vvorld ; there indeed he hath elbow-room enough : but al that wide scope cannot free him from a true incarceratiō : Who knows not that there are many differences , and latitudes of restraint ? A Simeon may imprison and enchain himself in the compasse of a pillar , not allowing himself the ease of his whole dimensiōs ; Peter may be lockt up in a larger Jayle , betwixt his two Leopards ( as that father terms thē ; ) S. Paul may be two years allowed to be a prisoner in his own hired house , but under the guard of his keeper , and not vvithout his chain : There are those who upon hainous , and dangerous occasions , may be kept close under many locks ; there are prisoners at large , vvho have the liberty of the Tower ; yet even these last , notwithstanding the allowance of spacious walks , & fresh gardens , are no other then acknowledged prisoners : Such is my condition to the world , whē I am at my fullest liberty : It is true , that when I look back to the straitnesse of my first , and native prison , and compare it with the large extent of that wide world , into which I am brought , I may well with Isaacs Herds-men , say , Rehoboth , For now , the Lord hath made me room : but when I compare that world , wherein I am , with that whereto I aspire , and vvhich I know to be above , and look to enjoy ; I can see nothing here , but meer prison-vvals , and professe my life to be no other then a perpetuall durance . SECT . IX . IF Varro said of old , that the world was no other then the great house of little man , I shall be bold to adde what kind of house it is ; It is no other then his prison , yea , his dungeon . Far be it from me to disparage the glorious work of my omnipotent Creator : I were not worthy to look upon this large , and glittering roof of heaven , nor to see the pleasant varieties of these earthly landskips , if I did not adore that infinite power , and wisdome which appears in this goodly , and immense fabricke ; and confesse the marvellous beauty of that majestick , and transcendent workmanship ; Rather when I see the Moon and the Starres , which thou hast ordained , I say with the Psalmist , Lord what is man ? But , O God , it is no dishonour to thee , that though this be a fair house , yet thou hast one so much better then it , as a Palace is beyond a Jayle . This beauty may please , but that ravisheth my soul : Here is light , but dim , and dusky , in respect of that inaccessible light , wherein thou dwellest : Here is a glorious sun , that illumineth this inferiour world , but thou art the sun who enlightenest that world above : Thou , to whom thy created Sun is but a shadow . Here we converse with beasts , or at the best , with men ; there with blessed soules , and heavenly Angels : Here some frivolous delights are intermixed with a thousand vexations ; There in thy presence is the fulnesse of joy : So then , let the sensuall heart mis-place his paradise here in the world , it shall not passe for other with me , then my prison : How can it ? Why should it ? for what other terms doe I find here ? What blind light looks in here at these scant loopeholes of my soul ? Yea , what darknesse of ignorance rather possesses me ? what bolts and shackles of heavy crosses doe I beare about me ? how am I fed here with the bread of afdiction ? how am I watched and beset with evill spirits ? how contumeliously traduced ? how disdainefully lookt upon ? how dragging the same chaine with the worst malefactors ? how disabled to all spirituall motions ? how restrained from that full liberty of injoying my home , and my God in it , which I daily expect in my dissolution ? when therefore , I am released from these walls , I am still imprisoned in larger , and so shall be till the Lord of the spirits of al flesh ( who put me here ) shal set me free ; and all the daies of my appointed time wil I wait , til this my changing come . SECT . X. YOu see then by this time , how little reason I have to be too much troubled with this imprisonment , or my friends for me ; But indeed , there are some sorts of Prisoners , which neither you nor I can have tears enow to bewaile : and those especially of two kinds . The one , those that are too much affected with an outward bondage : The other , those that are no whit affected with a spirituall . In the first rank are they that sinke under the weight of their Irons ; Poore impotent soules , that groaning under the cruelty of a Turkish thraldome , or a Spanish Inquisition , want Faith to beare them out , against the impetuous violences of their tormentors : I sorrow for their suffering ; but for their fai●●●● more : could they see the Gro●●● of glory , which the right● 〈◊〉 Judge holds ready for their ●●ctorious Patience , they 〈◊〉 not but contemne paine , 〈◊〉 all the pomp of Death , and ●●●fesse that their Light affliction ( which is but for 〈…〉 ) works for them a far more ●●●ceeding and eternall weight of glory : But alas , it is the weaknesse of their eyes , that they onely look at the things that are seen , close walls , heavy 〈◊〉 sharp scourges , merciless racks , and other dreadfull engines of torture , and see not the things that are not seen , the glorious reward of their victory , blessedness . Had they had Stephens eyes , they would have emulated his martyrdome ; Surely whosoever shall but read the story of the Mother and the seaven Brothers in the Maccabees , and that of the fourty Armenian Martyrs frozen to death , reported by Gaudentius , and shall there see the fainting revolter dying uncomfortably in the Bath , whiles the other thirty and nine ( together with their new converted Keeper ) are crowned by an Angell from heaven , cannot choose ( except he have nothing but Ice in his bosome ) but find in himself a disposition emulous of their courage , and ambitious of their honour ; But alas , what ever our desires ; and purposes may be , it is not for every one to attain to the glory of Martyrdome ; this is the highest pitch , that earthly Saints are capable of : He must be more then a man , whom pain and death cannot remove from his holy resolutions , and especially , the lingering execution of both . It is well if an age can yeeld one , Mole : In what terms shal I commemorate thee , O thou blessed Confessor , the great example of invincible constancy , in these backsliding times , ( if at least thy rare perseverance be not more for wonder then imitation ) whom thirty yeares tedious durance in the Inquisitory at Rome , could not weary out of thy sincere profession of the Evangelical truth ? All this while thou wert not allowed the speech , the sight of any , but thy persecutors : Here was none to pity thee , none to exhort thee : If either force of perswasion , or proffers of favour , or threats of extremity , could have wrought thee for thy perversion , thou hadst not at last dyed ours . Blessed be the God of all comfort , who having stood by thee , and made thee faithfull to the death , hath now given thee a crown of life and immortalitie ; and left thee a noble pattern of Christian fortitude , so much more remarkable , as lesse frequently followed . Whether I look into the former , or the present times I finde the world full of shrinking professors . Amongst the first Christians , persecution easily discovered four sorts of cowardly Renegadoes ; The first , and worst , whom they justly styled Idolaters , that yeelded to all the publike forms of worship to those false Gods : The second , Sacrificers , who condescended so far , as to some kind of immolation unto those fained deities , or , at least , to a tasting of those things which were thus offered : The third , Incensers , such as ( with Marcellinus himself ) came on so far , as to cast some grains of incense into the Idols fire : The last were their Libellaticks , such as privately by themselves , or by some allowed proxey , denyed the faith , yet with their mony bought out this ignominy , & sin of any publique Act of Idolatry . Not to speak of those many thousands which fell down before Solyman the second , and held up their finger to fignifie their conversion to his Mahometisme , for ease of their taxations ; how many doe we hear of daily of all nations , and some ( which I shame and grieve to say ) of our own , who yeild to receive circumcision , and to renounce their Saviour ? Oh the lamentable condition of those distressed Christians ▪ If constant to their professio they live in a perpetual purgatory of torment ; If revolting , they run into the danger of an everlasting damnation in hel ; Even this gentle restraint puts me into the meditatiō of their insupportable durance ; Why doe not all Christian hearts bleed with the sense of their deplorable estate ? why is not our compassion heightned , according to the depth of their perill , and misery ? What are our bowels made of , if they yearn not at their unexpressible calamity ? Ye rich Merchants , under whose imployment many of these poor souls have thus unhappily miscarried , how can you blesse your selves in your bags , whiles you see the members of Christ your Saviour , thus torn from him , for want of a petty ransome ? Ye eminent persons whom God hath advanced to power and greatness , how can you sleep quietly upon your pillows , whiles you think of the cold and hard lodgings , the hungry bellies , the naked and waled backs of miserable Christians ? Lastly , what fervent prayers should we all , that professe the dear name of Christ , powre out unto the God of heaven for the strengthning of the faith and patience of these afflicted souls against the assaults of violence ? and for their happy and speedy deliverance out of their wofull captivity ? SECT . XI . THese prisoners are worthy of our deep compassion ; as those , who are too sensible of their own misery ; Others there are , who are so much more worthy of greater pity , by how much they are lesse apprehensive of their need of it ; plausible prisoners under a spirituall tyranny ; whose very wils are so captived to the powers of darkness , that to choose they would be no other then bondmen ; pleasing themselves in those chains , whose weight is enough to sink their souls into hell ; such are they , who have yeelded themselves over to bee enthralled by any known sin ; No men under heaven doe so much applaud themselves in the conceit of their liberty ; none so great slaves as they ; If the very Stoick Philosophers had not enough evinced this truth , Divinity should : Indeed , the world is a worse kind of Algier , full of miserable captives ; Here lies one so fettered in lust , that he rots again ; there another , so laden with drunken excesse , that he can neither goe norstand , and in very deed is not his own man : Here one so pinched with golden fetters , that he can neither eat , nor sleep ; nor at all enjoy himself : there , another so pined with envy , that he is forced to feed on his own heart : Here , one so tormented with anger , that he is stark mad for the time ; and cares not how he mischieves himself in a furious desire to hurt others ; there , another , so racked with ambition , that he is stretched beyond his own length , and lives in the pain of a perpetuall self-extention . These , and all others of this kinde are most miserable prisoners , chained up for everlasting darknesse : So much more worthy of our pity , as they are lesse capable of their own : Spend your compassion ( if you please ) upon these deplorable subjects ; But for me , wish me ( if you wil ) as free from any imputation of evill , as I was , and am from the thought of it ; wish me in your free champian , where I may have no hedge so much as to confine my eye : wish me happy in the society of so dear and and noble a Friend ; but in the mean while , think of me no otherwise , then as a Free prisoner , And Yours thankfully devoted , in all faithfull observance , I. N. THE REMEDY OF DISCONTENTMENT . OR , A TREATISE OF CONTENTATION in whatsoever condition : Fit for these sad and troubled Times . By Jos. HALL D. D. and B. of N. Phil. 4. 1● 〈…〉 have learned in whatsoever estate I am , therewith to be content . 12. I know both how to be abased , and I know how to abound ; Every where , and in all things I am instructed both to be full and to be hungry , both to abound and to want . LONDON , Printed by M. F. for Nat. Butter . 1646. I Have perused this Treatise entituled [ The Remedy of Discontentment , ] and judging it to be very pious , profitable , and necessary for these sad and distracted times , I license it to be printed and published , and should much commend it to the Christian Reader , if the very name of the Authour were not in it self sufficient without any further testimony . JOHN DOVV●AM● . TO THE CHRISTIAN READER , Grace and Peace . WHat can be more seasonable , then when all the world is sick of Discontentment , to give counsels and Receits of Contentation ? Perhaps the Patient will think it a time is chosen for physick , in the midst of a Fit : But in this case we must doe as we may . I confesse , I had rather have stayed till the Paroxys me were happily over , that so the humors being somewhat setled , I might hope for the more kindly operation of this wholsome medicine . But , partly my age and weaknesse , despairing to out-live the publique distemper ; and partly my judgement ( crossing the vulgar opinion for the season of some kinde of Receits ) have ●●w 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 upon this safe , and 〈…〉 ●nscription : God is 〈…〉 that I wrote this 〈…〉 of mine own afflictions , ( the particulars whereof , it were unseasonable to trouble the world withall ) as one that meant to make my selfe my own Patient , by enjoyning my self that course of remedies , that I prescribe to others ; and , as one , who by the powerfull working of Gods Spirit within me , labour to finde my heart framed to those holy dispositions which I wish and recommend to every Christian soul : If there be no remedy but the worst of outward troubles must afflict us ; it shall be happy yet , if we may find inward peace in our bosomes : which shall be , if we can reconcile our selves to our offended God ; and calme our spirits to a meek undergoing of those sufferings , which the divine Providence hath thought fit to measure forth unto us : This is the main drift of this ensuing labour . Now the same God , who hath , in these blustring times , put into my heart these quiet thoughts of holy Contentation , blesse them in every hand that shall receive them ; and make them effectuall to the good of every soul , that shall now , and hereafter entertain them ; that so their gracious proficiency may , in the day of the appearance of our Lord Jesus , adde to the joy of my account ; Who am the unworthiest of the servants of God , and his Church , J. N. THE CONTENTS OF the severall Sections following . Sect. I. THe excellency of Contentation ; and how it is to be had . pag. 171 § II. The contrariety of estates wherein it is to be exercised . 172 § III. Who they are that know not how to want , and be abused . 176 § IV. Who they are that know how to want . 182 § V. Considerations leading to Contentation ; and first the consideration of the ficklenesse of life , and of all earthly commodities ; Honour , Beautie , Strength , &c. 183 § VI. Consideration of the unsatisfying condition of these worldly things . 192 § VII . The danger of the too much estimation of these earthly comforts . 196 § VIII . The consideration of the divine Providence , ordering , and over-ruling all events . 198 § IX . The consideration of the worse condition of others . 200 § X. The consideration of the inconveniences of great estates ; & therein first their cares . 206 § XI . The danger of the distempers , both bodily , and spirituall , that follow great means , and the torment in parting with them . 211 § XII . Consideration of the benefits of Poverty . 216 § XIII . Consideration of how little will suffice Nature . 221 § XIV . Consideration of the inconveniences and miseries of discontentment . 225 § XV. The gracious vicissitudes of Gods favours and afflictions . 230 § XVI . Consid . of the great examples of Contentation , both without , and within the Church of God. 236 § XVII . Contentment in death it self . 244 § XVIII . The miseries and inconveniences of the continued conjunction of the soul and body . 250 § XIX . Holy dispositions for contentment ; the first whereof , Humility . 256 § XX. 2. Selfe-resignation . 262 § XXI . 3. The true inward riches . 268 § XXII . Holy resolutions : and 1. That the present estate is best for us . 272 § XXIII . 2. Resolution to abate of our desires . 279 § XXIV . 3. Resolution , to inure our selves to digest smaller discontentments . 284 § XXV . 4. Resolution , to be frequent and fervent in prayer . 291 § XXVI . The difficulty of knowing how to abound ; and the ill consequences of the not knowing it . 294 CONTENTATION , in knowing How to want : where is set forth What it is to know how to want , and to be abased . How to be attained in respect Of the adversities of life , where must be certain 1 Considerations , 1 Of the valuation of earthly things ; the Transitoriness of Life , Honour , Beautie , Strength , Pleasure . Unsatisfying condition of them . Danger of over-esteeming them . 2 Of divine providence over-ruling all events . 3 Of the worse condition of others . 4 Of the inconvenience of great estates . Cares . Danger of distemper bodily . spirituall . Torment in parting . Account . 5 Of the benefits of poverty . freedom from Cares . Fears of keeping . losing . 6 Of how little will suffice Nature . 7 Of the miseries of Discōtentment . 8 Of the Vicissitude of Favors and Crosses . 9 Examples of Cōtentation without within the Church of God. 2 Dispositions . 1 Humility . 2 Self-resignation . 3 True inward riches . 3 Resolutions . 1 That our present condition is best for us . 2 Resol . to abate of our desires . 3 Resol . to digest smaller inconveniences . 4 Resol . to be frequent & fervent in prayer . Of death itself . Remedies against the terror of death . Necessity & benefit of death . Conscience of a well-led life . Finall peace with God. Efficacy of Christs death applyed . Comfortable expectation of certaine Resurrection ; and an immediate vision of God. Miseries & incōveniences of the cōtinued cōjunction of soul and body . Defilement of sin Originall . Pronenesse to sin . Difficulty of doing well . Dulnesse of understāding . Perpetuall conflicts . Solicitude of cares . Multiplicity of passiōs : Retardation of glory . How to abound . THE REMEDY OF Discontentment . SECT . I. The excellency of Contentation ; and how it is to be had . IF there be any happinesse to be found upon earth , it is in that which we call Contentation : This is a flower that growes not in every Garden : The great Doctor of the Gentiles tels us that he had it ; I have learned ( saith hee ) in what estate soever I am , therewith to be content ; I know how to be abased , and I know how to abound : Lo , he could not have taken out this lesson if he had not learn'd it ; and he could not have learnt it of any other then his Master in Heaven : What face soever Philosophy may set upon it , all Morality cannot reach it ; neither could his learned Gamaliel , at whose feet he sate , have put this skill into him ; no , he learn'd it since he was a Christian ; and now professeth it ; So as it appears , there is a divine art of Contentation to be attained in the schoole of Christ ; which whosoeeer hath learnt , hath taken a degree in heaven , and now knowes how to be happy both in want , and abundance . SECT . II. The contrariety of estates wherein Contentation is to be exercised . THe nature of man is extreamly querulous ; wee know not what we would have , and when we have it , we know not how to like it : we would be happy , yet we would not dye ; we would live long , yet wee would not bee old ; wee would be kept in order , yet we would not be chastised with affliction ; we are loath to work , yet are weary of doing nothing ; we have no list to stir , yet finde long sitting painfull ; we have no minde to leave our bed , yet finde it a kinde of sicknesse to lie long ; we would marry , but would not bee troubled with houshold cares ; when once we are maried , we wish we had kept single ; If therefore grace have so mastered nature in us , as to render us content with what ever condition , we have attain'd to no smal measure of perfection Which way soever the winde blowes , the skilfull Mariner knows how to turn his sailes to meet it ; the contrariety of estates to which wee lie open here , gives us different occasions for the exercise of Contentation : I cannot blame their choice who desire a middle estate betwixt want and abundance , and to be free from those inconveniences which attend both extreames : Wise Solomon was of this diet ; Give me neither poverty nor riches ; feed mee with the food of my meet allowance ; Lo , he that had all , desired rather to have but enough : and if any estate can afford contentment in this life , surely this is it , in the judgement and experience of the wisest Heathen . But forasmuch as this equall poise is hardly attainable by any man , & is more proper for our wishes , and speculation , then for our hopes , true wisdom must teach us so to compose our selves that we may be fit to entertain the discontentments , & dangers of those excesses , and effects , which we cannot but meet with in the course of our mortall life : And surely we shall finde that both extreams are enemies to this good temper of the soul : prosperity may discompose us , as well as an adverse condition ; The Sunshine may be as troublesome to the Traveller as the winde or rain ; neither know I whether is more hard to manage of the two ; a dejected estate , or a prosperous ; whether we may be more incommodated with a resty horse , or with a tired one : Let us begin with that which nature is wont to think most difficult ; that contrary to the practice of learners , we may try to take out the hardest lesson first . Let us therefore learne in the first place how to want . SECT . III. How many doe not know how to want . COld we teach men how not to want , we should have Disciples enow ; every man seeks to have , & hates to lack : could we give an Antidote against poverty , it would be too precious : And why can we not teach men even this lesson too ? The Lord is my shepherd , saith David , therefore can I lack nothing ; and most sweetly elsewhere , O fear the Lord ye that be his Saints ; for they that fear him , lack nothing ; The Lions do lack and suffer hunger ; but they which seek the Lord shall want no manner of thing that is good : Let God be true , and every man a lyer ; Certainly , if we were not wanting to God in our fear of him , in our faithfull reliance upon him ; in our conscionable seeking of him , he whose the earth is , and the fulnesse of it , would not suffer our carefull endeavours to go weeping away : But if it so fall out that his most wise providence findes it better for us to be held short in our worldly estate , ( as it may be the great Physitian sees it most for our health to be kept fasting ) it is no lesse worth our learning to know how to want ; For there is many an one that wants , but knows not how to want , and therefore his need makes him both offensive and miserable . There are those that are poor and proud ; one of the wise mans three abominations ; foolish Laodiceans that bear themselves for rich , encreased with goods , and lacking nothing ; when they are no other then wretched , and miserable , and poor , and blinde , and naked ; These men know not how to want , their heart is too big for their purse ; and surely pride , though every where odious , yet doth no where so ill as in rags . There are those that are poor and envious ; looking with an evill eye upon the better fare of others ; as surely this vice dwels more cōmonly in Cottages then in Palaces . How displeasedly doth the begger look upon the larger almes of his neighbour ? grudging to another what ever fals besides himself , and misliking his own dole , because the next hath more ; whose eye with the discontented Labourers is evill , because his Master is good ; Neither doe these men know how to want . There are those that want distrustfully ; measuring the mercifull provision of the Almighty by the line of their own sense ; as the Samaritan Peer , when in the extremity of a present famine he heard the Prophet foretell a sudden plenty ; Behold , if the Lord would make windows in heaven , might this thing be ? There are those that want impatiently ; repining at Gods dealing with them , and making their own impotent anger guilty of a further addition to their misery ; as the distressed King of Israel , in a desperate sense of that grievous dearth ; Behold , this evill is of the Lord , what should I wait on the Lord any longer ? And those wretched ones , who when the fourth Angell had poured out his phiall upon the Sunne , being scorched with the extremity of the heat , blasphemed the God of heaven : In this kinde was that sinfull techinesse of Jonah : when I see a poor worme that hath put it selfe out of the coole cell of the earth wherein it was lodged , and now being beaten upon by the Sun-beames , lies wrigling upon the bare path , turning it self every way in vain , and not finding so much as the shade of a leafe to cover it ; I cannot but think of that fretting Prophet ; when wanting the protection of his gourd he found himself scalded with that strong reflection ; and looking up wrathfully towards that Sun from whom he smarted , could say to the God that made it , I do well to be angry , even to the death . Lastly , there are those that are poor and dishonest even out of the very suggestion of their want ; It was the danger hereof that made Agur the sonne of Jakeh pray against penury ; Lest I be poor , and steal ; and ( by forswearing it ) take the Name of God in vain . SECT . IV. Who they are that know how to want . THese and perhaps others do and must want , but in the mean time they do that which they know not how to do ; there is a skill in wanting which they have not ; Those onely know how to want , that have learnt to frame their minde to their estate ; like to a skilfull Musitian , that can let down his strings a peg lower when the tune requires it ; Or like to some cunning Spagirick , that can intend or remit the heat of his furnace according to occasion . Those , who when they must be abased , can stoop submissely , like to a gentle reed , which when the winde blowes stiffe , yeilds every way ; those that in an humble obeysance can lay themselves low at the foot of the Almighty , and put their mouth in the dust ; that can patiently put their necks under the yoak of the Highest ; and can say with the Prophet , Truly this is my sorrow , and I must beare it ; Those that can smile upon their afflictions , rejoycing in tribulation , singing in the Gaole with Paul and Silas at midnight ; Lastly , those that can improve misery to an advantage , being the richer for their want , bettered with evils , strengthened with infirmities ; and can truly say to the Almighty , I know that of very faithfulnesse thou hast afflicted me ; Never could they have come out so pure metall , if they had not passed under the hand of the Refiner ; never had they proved so toward children , if they had not been beholden to the rod : These are they that know how to want , & to be abased ; and have effectually learned to be content with the meanest condition : to which happy temper that vvee may attain , there will be use of , 1. Certaine Considerations ; 2. Certain Dispositions ; and 3. Certain Resolutions ; These three shall be as the grounds , and rules of this our Divine Art of Contentation . SECT . V. The Consideration of the ficklenesse of life , and all earthly commodities . THE first Consideration shall be of the just valuation of all these earthly things ; which doubtlesse is such , as that the wise Christian cannot but set a low price upon them , in respect , first , of their transitorinesse ; secondly , of their insufficiency of satisfaction ; thirdly , the danger of their fruition . At the best , they are but glassie stuffe , which the finer it is , is so much more brittle ; yea , what other then those gay bubbles , which children are wont to raise from the mixed sope and spittle of their Walnut-shell ; vvhich seem to represent pleasing colors , but in their flying up instantly vanish ? There is no remedy ; either they must leave us , or we must leave them . Well may we say that of the Psalmist , which Campian vvas reported to have often in his mouth ; My soul is continually in my hands ; and who knows vvhether it will not expire in our next breathing ? How many have shut their eyes in an healthfull sleep , who have waked in another vvorld ? We give too large scope to our account , vvhiles we reckon seven years for a Life ; a shorter time will serve ; vvhiles vve finde the revolution of lesse then halfe those years to have dispatched * five Caesars , and five Popes ; nay , who can assure himself of the next moment ? It is our great weakness , if we doe not look upon every day , as our last ; why should we think our selves in a better condition , then the chosen vessel , * who deeply protested to dye daily ? What a poor complaint was that of the great Conquerour of the Jews , Titus Vespasian , who putting his head out of his sick litter , querulously accused Heaven , that he must dye , and had not deserved it ; when he might have found it guilt enough that he was a man ; and therefore by the very sentence of nature condemned , I know not whether to live , or dye . Indeed , what can we cast our eyes upon , that doth not put us in minde of our frailty ? All our fellow-creatures dye for us , and by us : The day dyes into night ; the trees and all other plants of the earth suffer a kinde of Autumnall mortality ; the face of that common Mother of us all , doth at the least in Winter , resemble Death ; But if the Angel of Death ( as the Jews term him ) shall respite , and reprieve us for the time ; alas ! how easily may we have over-lived our comforts ? If Death doe not snatch us away from them , how many thousand means of casualties , of enemies , may snatch them away from us ? He that was the greatest man of all the Sonnes of the East , within a few dayes became a spectacle and proverb of penury , which still sticks by him , and so shall doe to the worlds end , As poor as Job . The rich Plaine of Jordan , which over-night was as the Garden of the Lord , is in the morning covered over with brimstone , and salt , and burning ; Wilt thou cause thine eyes to flye upon that which is not ? saith wise Solomon : For riches certainly make thēselves wings , they fly away as an Eagle towards Heaven : if wee have wings of desire to fly after them , they are nimbler of flight to outstrip us , and leave us no less miserable in their losse , then wee were eager in their pursuit . As for Honour , what a meer shadow it is ? upon the least cloud interposed , it is gone , and leaves no mention where it was : The same Sun sees Haman adored in the Persian Court , like some earthly Deity ; and like some base vermine waving upon his Gibbet : Doe we see the great , and glorious Cleopatra , shining in the pompous Majesty of Egypt ? stay but a while , and ye shall see her in the dust , and her two children , whom shee proudly styled the Sun , and the Moon , driven like miserable Captives before the Chariot of their Conquerour : Man being in honour abideth not , saith the Psalmist , he perisheth , but his greatnesse ( as more fraile then he ) is oftentimes dead and buried before him , and leaves him the surviving executor of his own shame . It was easie for the captive Prince , to observe in the Charet-wheel of his Victor , that when one spoak rose up , another went down , and both these in so quick a motion , that it was scarce distinguished by the eye . Well therefore may we say of Honour , as Ludovicus Vives said of Scholasticall Divinity : Cui fumus est pro fundamento : It is built upon smoak , how can it be kept from vanishing ? As for Beauty , what is it , but a dash of Natures tincture laid upon the skinne , which is soon washt off with a little sickness ? what but a fair blossome , that drops off , so soon as the fruit offers to succeed it ? what but a flower , vvhich vvith one hot Sun gleam weltreth and fals ? Hee that had the choice of a thousand Faces , could say , Favour is deceitfull , and Beauty is Vanity . Lastly , for Strength , and vigour of Body , if it could bee maintained till our old age , alas , how soon is that upon us , ere we be aware ! how doth it then shrivell our flesh and loosen our sinews , and cripple our joynts ! Milo , when he lookt upon his late brawny arms , and saw them now grow lanck and writhled , le ts fall teares , and bewraies more weaknesse of mind , then he had before bodily strength : but how often doth sicknesse prevent the debilitations of age ; pulling the strongest man upon his knees , and making him confesse , that youth , as well as childe-hood , is Vanitie ? As for Pleasure , it dies in the birth , and is not therefore worthy to come into this bill of Mortality . Doe we then upon sad consideration see and feel the manifest transitorinesse of Life , Riches , Honour , Beautie , Strength , Pleasure , and whatever else can bee deare and precious to us in this vvorld , and can vvee dote upon them so , as to be too much dejected vvith our parting from them ? Our Saviour bids us consider the Lillies of the field ; And he that made both , tels us , that Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these : Surely , full well are they worth our considering . But if those Beauties could bee as permanent , as they are glorious , how vvould they carry away our hearts with them ? Now , their fading condition justly abates of their value ; Would wee not smile at the weaknesse of that man , that should weep and howle , for the falling of this Tulip , or that Rose , abandoning all comfort for the losse of that , vvhich he knows must flourish but his moneth ? It is for children to cry for the falling of their house of Cards , or the miscarriage of that painted gew-gaw , vvhich the next showre vvould have defaced . Wise Christians know hovv to apprize good things according to their continuance , and can therefore set their hearts onely upon the invisible Comforts of a better Life , as knowing that the things which are not seen , are Eternall . SECT . VI. Consideration of the unsatisfying condition of all worldly things . BUt vvere these earthly things exempted from that ficklenesse , vvhich the God of Nature hath condemned them unto , vvere they ( the very memory vvhereof perisheth with their satiety ) as lasting , as they are brittle , yet vvhat comfort could they yeeld for the soul to rest in ? Alas ! their efficacy is too short to reach unto a true Contentation ; yea , if the best of them vvere perpetuated unto us , upon the fairest conditions , that this Earth can allow , hovv intolerable tedious would it prove in the fruition ? Say that God were pleased to protract my life to the length of the age of the first founders of Mankinde , and should ( in this state of body ) adde hundreds of years to the days of my pilgrimage : Woe is me , how vveary should I be of my self , and of the World ? I , that now complain of the load of seventy one yeers , how should I be tyred out , ere I could arrive at the age of Parre ? but before I could climb up to the third Century of Johannes de Temporibus , hovv often should I call for death , not to take up , but to take off my burthen , and with it my self ? But if any , or all these earthly blessings could be freed from those grievances , wherewith they are commonly tempered , yet how little satisfaction could the soul finde in them ? What are these outward things , but very luggage , which may load our backs , but cannot lighten our hearts ? Great , and vvise Solomon , that had the full command of them all , cries out , Vanity of Vanities ; and a greater Monarch then hee , shuts up the Scene with , I have been all things , and am never the better : All these are of too narrow an extent , to fill the capacious soul of Man ; the desires vvhereof are enlarged with enjoying , so as the more it hath , the lesse it is satisfyed , neither indeed can it bee otherwise ; The Eye , and the Eare , are but the Purveyours for the Heart , if therefore the eye be not satisfied with seeing , nor the ear with hearing , how shall the heart say , It is enough ? Now , vvho vvould suffer himself to be too much disquieted vvith the losse of that , vvhich may vex him , but cannot content him ? We doe justly smile at the folly of that vain Lord , of vvhom Petrarch speakes , who vvhen an Horse vvhich hee dearely loved , was sick , laid that Steed of his , on a silken bed , vvith a vvrought pillovv under his head , and caused himselfe ( then afflicted vvith the Gout ) to be carried on his servants shoulders to visit that dear patient ; and upon his decease , mourned solemnly for him , as if it had been his Son. We have laught at the fashion of the Girles of Holland , vvho having made to themselves gay and large Babies , and laid them in a curious cradle , fain them to sicken and dye , and celebrate their funerall vvith much passion : So fond are we , if having framed to our selves imaginary contentments here , in the World , vve give vvay to immoderate grief in their miscarriage . SECT . VII . The danger of the love of these earthly comforts . NEither are these earthlie comforts more defective in yeelding full satisfaction to the soul , then dangerous in their over-dear fruition : For too much delight in them , robs us of more solid contentments : The World is a cheating gamester , suffering us to win at the first , that at last he may goe away with all . Our very Table may be made our snare ; and those things vvhich should have been for our vvealth , may bee unto us an occasion of falling : Leo the fourth Emperour of Constantinople , delighted extreamly in precious stones , with these he embellishes his Crown , which being worn close to his Temples , strikes such a cold into his head , that causeth his bane : yea , how many vvith the too much love of these outward things , have lost , not their lives onely , but their souls ? No man can be at once the Favourite of God and the World ; as that Father said truly : or as our Saviour in fuller tearms , No man can serve two Masters , GOD and Mammon : Shortly , the World may be a dangerous enemy , a sure friend it cannot bee . If therefore we shall like wise men , value things at their due prices , since we are convinced in our selves , that all these earthly comforts are so transitory in their nature , so unsatisfying in their use , and so dangerous in their enjoying , hovv little reason have we to be too much affected with forgoing them ? Our bloud is dear to us , as that wherein our life is , yet if we finde that it is either infected , or distempered , vve doe willingly part vvith it in hope of better health : How much more , vvith those things , which are farther from us , and lesse concerning us ? SECT . VIII . Consideration of the Divine Providence ordering all events . THe second Consideration is of that All-wise Providence which ordereth all events both in Heaven and Earth , allotting to every Creature his due proportion , so over-ruling all things to the best , that we could not want , if he knew it better for us to abound : This Station he hath set us in , this measure he hath shared out to us , whose will is the rule of good ; what we have therefore , cannot but be best for us . The World is a large Chesse-board , every man hath his place assigned him : one is a King , another a Knight , another a Pawn , and each hath his severall motion ; vvithout this variety , there could be no game played ; A skilfull Player will not stirre one of these Chips , but vvith intention of an advantage ; neither should any of his men either stand , or move , if in any other part of that Checker , it might bee in more hope to win . There is no estate in this World vvhich can be universally good for all , one mans meat may be another mans medicine , and a third mans poyson ; A Turk findes health and temper in that Opium , vvhich would put one of us into our last sleep . Should the Plow-man be set to the Gentlemans fare , this Chicken , that Partridge , or Phesant , would ( as over-slight food ) bee too soon turned over , and leave his empty stomach to quarrell for stronger provision : Beef is for his diet ; and if any sawce needs besides his hunger , Garlick : Every man hath , as a body , so a minde of his own ; vvhat one loves is abhorred of another ; the great House-keeper of the world knows how to fit every palate with that which either is , or should be agreeable to it , for salubrity , if not for pleasure : Lay before a Childe a Knife , and a Rod , and bid him take his choice , his hand will be straight upon that edge tool , especially , if it be a little guilded , and glittering ; but the Parent knows the Rod to be more safe for him , and more beneficiall : We are ill carvers for our selves , he that made us , knows what is fit for us , either for time , or measure ; without his Providence not an hair can fall from our heads ; We would have bodily health , I cannot blame us ; what is the vvorld to us without it ? He whose wee are , knows sicknesse to bee for the health of the soul ; whether should we in true judgement desire ? We vvish to live , who can blame us ? life is sweet , but if our Maker have ordained , that nothing but Death can render us glorious , what madnesse is it to stick at the condition ? Oh our grosse infidelity , if we doe not beleeve that great Arbiter of the World , infinitely wise to know what is best for us , infinitely mercifull to vvill what hee knows best , infinitely powerfull to doe what he will ! And if we be thus perswaded , hovv can we , but in matter of good , say with blessed Mary : Behold thy Servant , be it unto me according to thy Word ; And in matter of evill , with good Eli : It is the Lord , let him doe what hee will ? SECT . IX . Consideration of the worse condition of others . IN the third place , it will be requisite for us to cast our eyes upon the vvorse condition of others , perhaps better deserving then our selves ; for if we shall vvhine and complain of that weight , which others do run away chearfully withall , the fault vvill appear to be not in the heavinesse of the load , but in the weaknesse of the bearer : If I bee discontented vvith a mean dwelling , another man lives merrily in a low thatched Cottage ; If I dislike my plain fare , the four captive children feed fair and fat vvith pulse and water : If I be plundred of my rich suits , I see a more chearfull heart under a russet Coat , then great Princes have under purple Robes : If I doe gently languish upon my sick bed , I see others patient under the torments of the Colick , or Stone , or Strangury : If I be clapt up within four wals , I hear Petronius professe , he had rather be in prison with Cato , then at liberty with Caesar : I hear Paul and Silas sing like Nightingales in their cages : Am I sad , because I am childlesse ? I hear many a parent wish himself so : Am I banished from my home ? I meet with many of vvhom the vvorld vvas not vvorthy , vvandring about in Sheeps-skins , in Goat-skins , in deserts , and in mountains , and in dens , and in caves of the earth : What am I that I should speed better then the miserablest of these patients ? What had they done , that they should fare worse then I ? If I have little , others have lesse ; If I feel pain , some others , torture ; If their sufferings be just , my forbearances are mercifull ; my provisions , to theirs , liberall : It is no ill counsell therefore , and not a little conducing to a contented want , that great persons should sometimes step aside into the homely Cottages of the poor , and see their mean stuffe , course fare , hard lodgings , worthlesse utensils , miserable shifts ; and to compare it with their own delicate and nauseating superfluities : Our great and learned King Alfred was the better all his life after , for his hidden retirednesse in a poor Neat-heards Cabbin , where he was sheltred , and sometimes also chidden by that homely Dame : Neither vvas it an ill vvish of that vvise man , that all great Princes might first have had some little taste , what it is to want , that so their own experience might render them more sensible of the complaints of others . Man , though he be absolute in himself , and stand upon his own bottom , yet is he not a little wrought upon by examples , and comparisons with others ; for in them he sees what he is , or may be , since no events are so confined to some speciall subjects , as that they may not bee incident to other men . Merits are a poor plea for any mans exemption , whiles our sinfull infirmities lay us all open to the rod of divine Justice : and if these dispensations be meerly out of favour , why doe I rather grudge at a lesser misery , then blesse God for my freedome from a greater judgement ? Those therefore that suffer more then I , have cause of more humbling , and I that suffer lesse then they , have cause of more thankfulnesse ; even mitigations of punishment are new mercies , so as others torments doe no other then heighten my obligations ; Let me not therefore repine to be favourably miserable . SECT . X. Consideration of the inconveniences of great estates : and first of their cares , that they expose us to envy , and then macerate us with cares . THe fourth Consideration shall be of the inconveniences which doe oftentimes attend a fulnesse of estate ; such , and so many as may vvell make us sit down content with a little ; whereof , let the first be envy : a mischief not to be avoided of the great ; This shadow follows that body inseparably ; All the curs in the street are ready to fall upon that dogge that goes away with the bone ; and every man hath a Cudgell to fling at a well-loaded Tree ; whereas a mean condition is no eye-sore to any beholder ; Low shrubs are not wont to bee stricken with Lightning , but tall Oaks and Cedars feel their flames ; Whiles David kept his fathers sheep at home , he might sing sweetly to his Harp in the fields , without any disturbance : But when he once comes to the Court , and findes applause , and greatnesse creep upon him , now emulation , despight and malice , dog him close at the heels wheresoever he goes : Let him leave the Court , and flee into the Wildernesse , there these bloud-hounds follow him in hot suit ; Let him run into the Land of the Philistims , there they finde him out , and chase him to Ziklag ; and if at the last , he hath climbed up to his just Throne , and there hopes to breath him after his tedious pursuit , even there he meets vvith more unquietnesse then in his desert , and notwithstanding all his Royalty , at last cries out , Lord remember David , and all his troubles : How many have wee known , whom their wealth hath betraid , and made innocent malefactors ? who might have slept securely upon a hard bolster , and in a poor estate out-lived both their Judges , and accusers . Besides , on even ground a fall may be harmlesse ; but he that fals from on high , cannot escape bruising : He therefore that can think the benefits of Eminence can countervail the dangers which haunt greatness , let him affect to over-top others ; for me , let me rather be safely low , then high with perill . After others envy , the next attendant upon greatnesse is our own cares ; how doe these disquiet the Beds , and sawce the Tables of the wealthy ? breaking their sleeps , galling their sides , embittering their pleasures , shortning their days : How bitterly doe vve finde the holiest men complaining of those distractions , vvhich have attended their earthly promotions ? Nazianzen cries out of them as no other then the bane of the soul ; and that other Gregory , whom we are wont to call the last of the best Bishops of Rome , and the first of the bad , passionately bewails this clogge of his high preferment : I confesse , saith he , that whiles I am outwardly advanced , I am inwardly fallen lower ; this burdensome honour depresses me , and innumerable cares disquiet me on all sides ; my minde ( grown almost stupid with those temporall cares which are ever barking in mine ears ) is forced upon earthly things ; thus he : There are indeed cares which as they may be used , may help us on towards Heaven ; such as Melancthon owns to his Camerarius ; My cares , saith he , send me to my prayers , and my prayers dispell my cares ; but those anxieties vvhich commonly wait upon greatnesse , distract the minde , and impair the body . It is an observation of the Jewish Doctors , that Joseph the Patriarch vvas of a shorter life then the rest of his brethren ; and they render this reason of it , for that his cares were as much greater , as his place was higher : It vvas not an unfit comparison of him , vvho resembled a Coronet upon the Temples , to a pail upon the head ; We have seen those , who have carried full and heavy vessels on the top of their heads , but then they have walked evenly , and erect under that load ; we never saw any that could dance under such a weight , if either they bend , or move vehemently , all their carriage is spilled : Earthly greatness is a nice thing , & requires so much charinesse in the managing ; as the contentment of it cannot requite ; He is vvorthy of honey , that desires to lick it off from thorns ; for my part , I am of the minde of him who professed , not to care for those favours , that compelled him to lie waking . Danger of distemper , both bodily and spirituall , that commonly follows great means : and torment in parting with them . IN the next place , I see greatnesse not more pale , and worn vvith cares , then swoln up , and sickly with excesse ; Too much oyle poured in , puts out the Lamp , Superfluity is guilty of a world of diseases , which the spare diet of poverty is free from ; How have vve seen great mens eies surfeited at that full Table , whereof their palate could not taste , and they have risen discontentedly glutted with the sight of that , vvhich their stomach vvas uncapable to receive ; and vvhen , not giving so much law to nature , as to put over their gluttonous meal , ( their vvanton appetite charging them with a nevv variety of curious morsels , and lavish cups ) they finde themselves overtaken with feverous distempers , the Physitian must succeed the Cook ; and a second sicknesse must cure the first : But alas , these bodily indispositions are nothing to those spirituall evils , vvhich are incident into secular greatness . It is a true word of S. Ambrose , seconded by common experience , that an high pitch of honour is seldome held up without sinne ; And S. Jerome tels us , it vvas a common Proverb in his time , That a rich man either is vvicked , or a vvicked mans heir : Not , but that rich Abraham may have a bosome for poor Lazarus to rest in , and many great Kings have been great Saints in Heaven , and there is still room for many more ; but that commonly great temptations follow great estates , and oftentimes overtake them ; neither is it for nothing , that riches are by our blessed Saviour styled the Mammon of iniquity , & wealth is by the holy Apostle branded with deceitfulnesse ; such as cheat many millions of their souls . Add unto these ( if you please ) the torment of parting with that pelf , and honour , vvhich hath so grosly bewitched us ; such as may well verifie that vvhich Lucius long since wrote to the Bishops of France , and Spain , that one houres mischief makes us forget the pleasure of the greatest excesse . I marvell not at our English Jew , of whom our story speaks , that would rather part with his teeth , then his bags : how many have wee knowne that have poured out their life together with their gold , as men that would not out-live their earthen god ; yea ( woe is mee ) how many soules have beene lost in the sinne of getting , and in the quarrell of leesing this thicke clay , as the Prophet tearmes it ? But lastly , that which is yet the sorest of all the inconveniences , is the sadnesse of the reckoning , which must come in after these plentifull entertainments ; for there is none of all our cates here , but must be billed up ; and great Accompts must have long Audits : how hard a thing it is in this case , to have an Omnia aequè ? In the failing whereof , how is the Conscience affected ? I know not whether more tormented , or tormenting the miserable soul ; so as the great Owner is but ( as witty Bromiard compares him ) like a weary Jade , which all the day long hath been labouring under the load of a great treasure ; and at night lies down with a galled back . By that time therefore wee have summed up all , and finde here envy , cares , sicknesses both of body and soul , torment in parting with , and more torment in reckoning for , these earthly greatnesses ; wee shall be convinced of sufficient reason to be well apaid with their want . SECT . XII . Consideration of the benefits of Poverty . LEt the fifth Consideration be , the benefit of Poverty ; such , and so great , as are enough to make us in love with having nothing . For first , vvhat an advantage is it , to be free from those gnawing cares , which ( like Tityus his Vulture ) feed upon the Heart of the Great ? Here is a man that sleeps ( Aethiopian-like ) with his doores open ; no dangers threaten him , no feares break his rest ; hee starts not out of his bed at midnight , and cries Theeves , he feels no rack of ambitious thoughts , he frets not at the disappointment of his false hopes , hee cracks not his brain with hazardous plots , he mis-doubts no undermining of emulous rivals , no traps of hollow friendship , but lives securely in his homely Cottage , quietly enjoying such provision , as nature , and honest industry furnish him withall ; for his drinke , the neighbour Spring saves him the charge of his Excise ; and when his better earnings have fraught his trencher with a warm , and pleasing morsell , and his cup with a stronger liquor , hovv chearfully is he affected with that happy variety ; and in the strength of it digests many of his thinner meals ? Meals usually sawced with an healthfull hunger , wherein no uncocted Crudities oppresse Nature , and cherish disease : Here are no Gouts , no Dropsies , no Hypochondriack passions , no Convulsive fits , no distempers of surfeits , but a clear , and wholesome vigor of body , and an easie putting over the light tasks of digestion , to the constant advantage of health . And as for outward dangers , what an happy immunity doth commonly blesse the poore man ? how can he fear to fall , that lies flat upon the ground ? The great Pope , Boniface the seventh , vvhen hee saw many stately Buildings ruined vvith Earthquakes , is glad to raise him a little Cabin of boards in the midst of a Meadovv , and there findes it safest to shelter his triple Crown . When great men hoist their Top-sail , and launch forth into the deep , having that large clew which they spread , expos'd to all windes , and weathers , the poor man sails close by the shore ; and when hee foresees a storme to threaten him , puts in to the next Creek ; and wears out in a quiet security that Tempest , wherein he sees prouder Vessels miserably tost , and at last , fatally wracked . This man is free from the perill of spightfull machinations ; No man whets his Axe to cut down a shrub , it is the large Timber of the world that hath cause to fear hewing : Neither is he lesse free inwardly from the galling stroaks of a self-accusing Conscience ; here is no remurmuring of the heart for guilty subornations , no checks for the secret contrivances of publique villanies ; no heart-breaking for the failings of bloudy designes ; or late remorse for their successe ; but quiet , & harmlesse thoughts of seasonable frugality , of honest recreation , with an un-interrupted freedome of recourse to Heaven . And if at any time , by either hostile , or casuall means , he be berest of his little , he smiles in the face of a theef ; and is no whit astonished to see his thatch on a flame , as knowing how easie a supply will repair his losse . And when he shall come to his last close , his heart is not so glewed to the world , that he should be loth to part ; his soul is not tyed up in bags , but flies out freely to her everlasting Rest . Oh the secret vertue and happinesse of Poverty ; which none but the right disposed minde knows how to value ▪ It was not for nothing that so many great Saints have embraced it , rather then the rich proffers of the vvorld ; That so many great Princes have exchanged their Thrones for quiet Cels ; Who so cannot be thankful for a little , upon these conditions , I wish he may be punished with abundance . SECT . XIII . Considering how little will suffice Nature . NEither will it a little avail to the furtherance of our Contentation , to consider how little will suffice Nature , and that all the rest is but matter of Opinion : It is the Apostles charge , Having food and raiment , let us be therewith content : Indeed what use is there of more , then what may nourish us within , and cover us without ? If that be wholsome , and agreeable to our bodily disposition , whether it be fine , or course , Nature passes not ; it is meerly Will that is guilty of this wanton and fastidious choice ; It is fit that Civilitie should make difference of clothings ; and that vveaknesse of body , or eminence of Estate should make differences of diets ; Else , why not Russet as well as Scarlet ? Beef , as Phesant ? the Grashopper feeds on dew , the Chameleon on air , what care they for other Viands ? Our Books tell us , that those Anachorets of old , that went aside into Wildernesses , and sustained themselves with the most spare diet , such as those deserts could afford , out-lived the date of other mens lives , in whom Nature is commonly stifled with a gluttonous variety : How strong , and vigorous above their neighbour Grecians , were the Lacedemonians held of old ? who by the Ordinance of their Law-giver , held themselves to their black broth , which , when Dionysius would needs taste of , his Cook truly told him , that if he would relish that fare , he must exercise strongly , as they did , and wash in Eurotas : Who knows not that our Island doth not afford more able Bodies , then they that eat , and drink Oats ? And whom have wee seene more healthfull and active , then the children of poor men , trayned up hardly in their Cottages with fare as little , as course ? Doe I see a poor Indian husbanding one tree to all his houshold uses ; finding in that one Plant , Timber , Thatch , Meat , Medicine , Wine , Honey , Oyle , Sawce , Drink , Utensils , Ships , Cables , Sayles ? and doe I rove over all the latitude of Nature for contentment ? Our appetite is truly unreasonable , neither will know any bounds : We begin with necessaries , as Pliny justly observes , and from thence we rise to excesse , punishing our selves with our owne wilde desires ; whereas , if wee were wise , we might finde mediocrity an ease . Either extream is a like deadly ; he that over-afflicts his body , kils a Subject ; he that pampers it , nourishes an Enemy . Too much abstinence turns vice , and too much ingurgitation is one of the seven , and at once destroys both Nature and Grace . The best measure of having or desiring , is not what we would , but what we ought : Neither is he rich that hath much ; but he that desires not much : A discreet frugality is fittest to moderate both our wishes , and expences ; which if we want , wee prove dangerously prodigall in both ; if we have , we doe happily improve our stock to the advantage of our selves , and others . SECT . XIV . Considering the inconveniences , and miseries of discontentment . THe next inducement to Contentation , shall be the serious consideration of the miserable inconveniences of the contrary disposition ; Discontentment is a mixture of anger , and of grief ; both which are wont to raise up fearfull tempests in the soul ; Hee teareth himself in his anger , saith Bildad , concerning that mirrour of patience ; And the sorrow of the world worketh death , saith the chosen Vessell : so as the Malecontent , whether he be angry or sad , mischieves himself both ways ; There cannot be a truer word then that of wise Solomon , Anger resteth in the bosome of fools ; What can be more foolish then for a man , because he thinks God hath made him miserable by crosses , to make himself more miserable by his own distempers ? If the clay had sense , what a mad thing were it for it to struggle with the Potter ? and if a man wil spurn against strong Iron-pikes , what can he hope to carry away but wounds ? How witless a thing it is for a man to torment himself with the thoughts of those evils , that are past all remedy ? What wise beholder would not have smiled with pity and scorn , to have seen great Augustus ; after the defeat of some choice Troops , to knock his head against the wall , and to hear him passionately cry out ; O Varus , restore me my lost Legions ? Who would not have been angry with that cholerick Prophet to hear him so furiously contest with his Maker for a withered Gourd ? What an affliction was it to good Jacob ( more then the sterility of a beloved wife ) to hear Rachel say ; Give mee children , or else I die ? yea , how ill did it sound in the mouth of the Father of the faithfull ; Lord God , what wilt thou give mee , seeing I goe childelesse ? Yet thus froward and techy is nature in the best ; if we may not have all we would have , all that we have is nothing ; if wee bee not perfectly humoured , we are wilfully unthankfull ; All Israel is nothing worth to Ahab , if he may not have one poor Vineyard : How must this needs irritate a munificent God , to see his bounty contemned out of a childish pettishnesse ? How can he forbeare to take away from us his sleighted mercies ? How can he hold his hand from plaguing so ingratefull disrespects of his favours ? As for that other passion of grief , what wofull work doth it make in ungoverned mindes ? How many have we knowne , that out of thought for unrecoverable losses , have lost themselves ? how many have runne from their wits ? how many from their lives ? Yea , how many , that out of an impatience to stay the leisure of vengeance , have made their own hands , their hasty executioners ? And even where this extremity prevails not ; look about , and yee shall see men that are not able matches to their passions , wofully macerating thēselves with their own thoughts , wearing out their tedious dayes upon the rack of their own hearts ; and making good that observation of the wise man ; By the sorrow of the heart , the spirit is broken . Now all these mischiefs might have been happily prevented by a meek yeeldance of our selves to the hands of an all-wise , and an all-mercifull God , and by an humble composure of our affections to a quiet suffering ; It is the power of patience to calm the heart in the most blustering trials ; and when the vessell is most tossed , yet to secure the fraight : This , if it doe not abate of our burden , yet it addes to our strength , and wins the Father of Mercies both to pity , and retribution . Whereas murmuring Israelites can never be free from judgements ; and it is a dreadfull word that God speaketh of that chosen Nation ; Mine heritage is unto me as a Lion in the forest ; it , still , yelleth against me , therefore have I hated it ; A Childe that struggles under the rod , justly doubles his stripes , and an unruly Malefactor drawes on , besides death , tortures . SECT . XV. Consid . the vicissitudes of favours and afflictions . FUrthermore , it is a main help towards Contentation , to consider the gracious vicissitudes of Gods dealing with us : how he intermixes favours with his crosses ; tempering our much honey , with some little gall ; the best of us are but shrewd children , yet he chides us not always , saith the Psalmist : hee smiles often , for one frown ; and why should wee not take one with another ? It was the answer wherewith that admirable pattern of patience stopped the querulous mouth of his tempting wife ; What ? shall we receive good at the hand of God , and shall we not receive evill ? It was a memorable example which came lately to my knowledge of a worthy Christian , who had lived to his middle age in much health , and prosperity , and was now for his two last years miserably afflicted with the Strangury ; who in the midst of his torments could say , Oh my Lord God , how gracious hast thou been unto me ! thou hast given me eight and forty years of health , and now but two years of pain ; thou mighte●t have caused me to lie in this torture all the days of my life ; and now thou hast caried mee comfortably through the rest , and hast mercifully taken up with this last parcell of my torment ; blessed be thy Name for thy mercy in forbearing me , and for thy justice in afflicting mee . To be thankfull for present blessings is but ordinary , but to be so thankfull for mercies past , that the memory of them should be able to put over the sense of present miseries , is an high improvement of grace . The very Heathens by the light of Nature and their own experience , could observe this interchange of Gods proceedings ; and made some kinde of use of them accordingly : Camillus , after he had upon tenne years siege , taken the rich City Veios , prayd that some mis-hap might befall himself and Rome to temper so great an happines ; when one would have thought the prize would not countervail the labour , and the losse of time and bloud ; And Alexander the great , when report was made to him of many notable Victories , atchieved by his Armies , could say ; O Jupiter , mixe some mis-fortune with these happy news : Lo , these men could tell that it is neither fit , nor safe for great blessings to walk alone , but that they must be attended with their pages , afflictions ; why should not we Christians expect them with patience , and thanks ? They say , Thunder and Lightning hurts not , if it be mixed with Rain . In those hot Countries , which lie under the sealding Zone , when the first showres fall after a long drought , it is held dangerous to walk suddenly abroad ; for that the earth so moistned sends up unwholsome steams ; but in those parts where the Rain and Sun-shine are usually interchanged , it is most pleasant to take the air of the earth newly refreshed with kindly showres ; Neither is it otherwise in the course of our lives ; this medley of good and evill conduces not a little to the health of our soules : One of them must serve to temper the other ; and both of them to keep the heart in order . Were our afflictions long , and our comforts rare and short , we had yet reason to be thankfull ; the least is more then God ows us : but now , when if heavinesse endure for a night , joy commeth in the morning , and dwels with us , so , that some fits of sorrow are recompensed with many moneths of joy ; how should our hearts overflow with thankfulnesse , and easily digest small grievances , out of the comfortable sense of larger blessings ? But if we shall cast up our eies to Heaven , and there behold the glorious remuneration of our sufferings , how shall we contemn the worst that earth can doe unto us ? There , there is glory enough to make us a thousand times more then amends for all that we are capable to endure ; Yea , if this Earth were Hell , and Men Devils , they could not inflict upon us those torments , which might hold any equality with the glory which shall be revealed ; and even of the worst of them we must say with the blessed Apostle ; Our light affliction which is but for a moment , worketh for us a far more exceeding , eternall weight of glory : When the blessed Proto-Martyr Stephen had sted fastly fixed his eies on Heaven , and ( that Curtain being drawn ) had seen the Heavens opened , and therein the glory of God , and Jesus standing on the right hand of God ; doe we think he cared ought for the sparkling eies , and gnashed teeth , and killing stones of the enraged multitude ? Oh poor impotent Jews , how far was that divine soul above the reach of your malice ? how did he triumph over your cruelty ? how did he by his happy evolation make all those stones precious ? SECT . XVI . Consid . the examples of Contentation , both without , and within the Church of God. LAstly , it cannot but be a powerfull motive unto Contentation , that we lay before us the notable examples of men , whether worse , or better then our selves , that have been eminent in the practice of this vertue ; men , that out of the meer strength of morality , have run away with loss●s , and poverty as a light burden ; that out of their free choice have fallen upon those condition , which we are ready to f●ar , and shrinke from : What a shame is it for Christians to bee out-stripped herein by very Pagans ? If we look upon the ancient Philosophers ; their low valuation of these outward things , and their willing abdication of those comforts , wherewith others vvere too much affected , made them admired of the multitude ; Here doe Dsee a Cynick housed in his Tub , scorning all wealth and state ; and making still even with his virtuals , and the day ; who , when he was invited to supper to one of Alexanders great Lords , could say ; I had rather lick salt at Athens , then feast with Craterus : Here I meet with him , whom their Oracle styled the wisest of men , walking bare-foot in a patcht thred-bare cloak , contemning honors , and all earthly things ; and when that garment would hang no longer on his back , I can hear him say , I would have bought a Cloak , if I had had mony ; after which vvord , saith Soneca , whosoever offered to give , came too late ; Apollododonus , amongst the rest , sends him a rich mantle towards his end , and is resused ; With what patience doth this man bear the loud scoldings of his Xantippe ? making no other of them , then the creaking of a Cart-wheel : with what brave resolution doth he repell the proffers of Archelaus , telling him how cheap the Market afforded meal at Athens , and the fountains water ? Here I meet with a Zeno , formerly rich in his traffique for purple , now impoverisht by an ill Sea-voyage , and can hear him say , I sailed best when I Ship-wrackt : Here I see an Aristippus drowning his gold in the sea , that it might not drown him : Here I can hear a Democritus , or Cleanthes , when hee was asked how a man should be rich , answer ; If he be poor in desires . What should I speak of those Indian Sophists , that took their name from their nakednesse ; whom we hear to say ; The sky is our house , and the Earth our bed ; we care not for gold , we contemn death : One of them can tell Onesicritus ; As the Mother is to the Childe , so is the Earth to mee ; The Mother gives Milk to her Infant ; so doth the Earth yeeld all necessaries to mee ; And when gold was offered to him , by that great Conquerour ; Perswade ( said he ) if thou canst , these birds to take thy silver and gold , that they may sing the sweeter ; and if thou canst not doe that , wouldst thou have me worse then them ? Adding moreover in a strong discourse ; Naturall hunger , when we have taken food , ceaseth ; and if the minde of man did also naturally desire gold , so soon as he hath received that which he wished , the desire and appetite of it would presently cease ; but so far is it from this society , that the more it hath , the more it doth , without any intermission , long for more ; because this desire proceeds not from any motion of nature , but onely out of the wantonnesse of mans own will , to which no bounds can bee set . Blush , O Christian Soul , ( whosoever thou art , that readest these lines ) to hear such words falling from Heathen lips , when thou seest those that professe godlinesse , dote upon these worthlesse metals , and transported with the affectation and cares of those earthly provisions . If from these patterns of men that should be below our selves , we look up to the more noble precedents of Prophets and Apostles ; Lo , there we finde Elijah fed by Ravens ; Elisha boarding with his poor Sareptan Hostesse ; An hundred Prophets fed by fifty in a Cave , with bread and water ; The sons of the Prophets for the enlarging of their over-strait lodgings , hard at work ; they are their owne Carpenters , but their tools are borrowed ; There we shall find a few barley loaves , and little fishes , the houshold provision of our Saviours train : Yea , there we finde the most glorious Apostle , the great Doctor of the Gentiles , employing his hands to feed his belly ; busily stiching of skins for his Tent-work ; Yea , what doe we look at any or all of these , when we see the Son of God , the God of all the world , in the form of a servant ? Not a Cratch to cradle him in , not a Grave to bury him in , was his own ; and he that could command Heaven and Earth , can say , The Foxes have holes , the Birds have nests , but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head . Who now can complain of want , when he hears his Lord , and Saviour but thus provided for ? He could have brought down with him a celestiall house , and have pitcht it here below , too glorious for earthen eies to have lookt upon : Hee could have commanded all the precious things that lie shrowded in the bowels of the Earth , to have made up a Majesticall Palace for him , to the dazling of the eies of all beholders ; He could have taken up the stateliest Court that any earthly Monarch possessed , for his peculiar habitation : But his greatnesse was Spirituall and Heavenly ; and he that owned all would have nothing , that he might sanctifie want unto us ; and that he might teach us by his blessed example , to sit down contented with any thing , with nothing . By that time therefore wee have laid all these things together , and have seriously considered of the mean valuation of all these earthly things , for their transitorinesse , unsatisfaction , danger ; of the over-ruling Providence of the Almighty , who most wisely , justly , mercifully disposeth of us and all events that befall us ; of the worse condition of many thousand others ; of the great inconveniences that attend great and full estates ; of the secret benefits of poverty ; of the smalnesse of that pittance that may suffice Nature ; of the miseries that wait upon discontentment ; of the mercifull vicissitudes of favours , wherewith God pleaseth to interchange our sufferings ; and lastly , the great examples of those , as well without , as vvithin the bosome of the Church , that have gone before us , and led us the way to Contentation : our judgement cannot chuse but be sufficiently convinced , that there is abundant reason to vvin our hearts to a quiet and contented entertainment of want , and all other outward afflictions . SECT . XVII . Of Contentment in death it selfe . BUt all these intervenient miseries are sleight in comparison of the last , and utmost of evils , Death ; Many a one graples chearfully with these triviall afflictions , who yet looks pale , and trembles at the King of fear : His very Name hath terrour in it , but his lookes more : The courageous Champion of Christ , the blessed Apostle ; and with him , every faithfull soul , makes his challenge universall , to whatsoever estate he is in ; to the estate of Death , therefore , no lesse then the afflictive incidence of life : When therefore this gastly Giant shall stalk forth , and bid defiance to the whole Host of Israel ; and when the timorous unbeleevers shall run away at the sight of him , and endeavour to hide their heads from his presence ; the good soul armed , not with the unmeet and cumbersome harmnesse of flesh and bloud , but with the sure ( though invisible ) armour of God , dares come forth to meet him , and in the name of the Lord of Hosts , both bids him battle and foils him in the Combat ; and now having laid him on the ground , can triumphingly say , O Death , where is thy sting ? O Grave , where is thy Victory ? Five smooth pebles there are , which if we carry in our scrip , we shall be able to quell , not onely the power of death , but the terror too . Whereof the first is a sure apprehension of both the unavoidable necessary , and certain benefit of death : A necessity , grounded upon the just and eternall Decree of Heaven : It is appointed to all men once to die ; and what a madnesse were it for a man to think of an exemption from the common condition of mankind ? Mortality is , as it were , essential to our Nature ; neither could wee have had our souls but upon the tearms of a re-delivery , when they shall be called for ; If the holiest Saints , or the greatest Monarchs sped otherwise , wee might have some colour of repining : Now , grieve if thou wilt , that thou art a man ; grieve not , that being man thou must die . Neither is the benefit inferiour to the necessity ; Lo here the remedy of all our cares , the physick for all our maladies , the rescue from all our feares and dangers , earnestly sued for by the painfull , dearly welcome to the distressed : Yea , lo here the Cherub that keeps the gate of Paradise ; there is no entrance but under his hand ; In vain do we hope to passe to the glory of Heaven , any other way then through the gates of Death . The second is the Conscience of a well-led life ; Guiltinesse vvill make any man fowardly , unable to looke danger in the face , much more Death ; whereas the innocent is bold as a Lion : What a difference therefore there is betwixt a Martyr , and a Malefactor ? this latter knows he hath done ill , and therefore if he can take his death but patiently , it is well ; the former knows he hath done well , and therefore takes his death not patiently onely , but chearfully . But because no mortall man can have so innocently led his life , but that he shall have passed many offences against his most holy , and righteous God ; here must be , Thirdly , a finall peace firmly made betwixt God and the soul . Two powerfull agents must mediate in it ; a lively Faith , and a serious Repentance ; for those sins can never appear against us , that are washed off with our tears ; and being justified by faith we have peace with God , through our Lord Jesus Christ . Now , if we have made the Judge our friend , what can the Sergeant doe ? The fourth is the power , and efficacy of Christs death applyed to the soul : Wherefore dyed he , but that we might live ? Wherefore would he , who is the Lord of life , die , but to sanctifie , season , and sweeten death to us ? Who would goe any other way then his Saviour went before him ? who can fear that enemy , whom his Redeemer hath conquered for him ? who can run away from that Serpent , whose sting is pulled out ? Oh Death , my Saviour hath been thy death , and therefore thou canst not be mine . The fifth is , the comfortable expectation , and assurance of a certain resurrection , and an immediate glory : I doe but lay me down to my rest , I shall sleep quietly , and rise gloriously : My soul , in the mean time , no sooner leaves my body , then it enjoys God ; It did lately through my bodily eyes see my sad friends , that bade me farewell with their tears ; now it hath the blisse-making vision of God : I am no sooner lanched forth , then I am at the haven , where I would be ; Here is that which were able to make amends for a thousand deaths ; a glory , infinite , eternall , incomprehensible . This spirituall Ammunition shall sufficiently furnish the soul for her encounter with her last enemy ; so as she shall not only endure , but long for this Combat ; and say with the chosen Vessell , I desire to depart , and to be with Christ . SECT . XVIII . The miseries and inconveniences of the continued conjunction of the soul and body . NOw for that long conversation causeth entirenesse , and the parting of old friends and partners ( such the soul and body are ) cannot but be grievous , although there were no actuall pain in the dissolution : It will be requisite for us , seriously to consider the state of this conjunction ; and to enquire what good offices the one of them doth to the other , in their continued union , for which they should be so loth to part : And here wee shall finde that those two , however united to make up one person , yet ( as it fals out in crosse matches ) they are in continuall domestique jars one with the other , and entertain a secret familiar kind of hostility betwixt themselves ; For the flesh lusteth against the spirit , and the spirit against the flesh , and these are contrary the one to the other . One says well , that if the body should implead the soul , it might bring many foul impeachments against it ; and sue it for many great injuries done to that earthly part : And the soul again hath no fewer quarrels against the body : betwixt them both there are many brawls , no agreement . Our Schools have reckoned up therefore eight main incommodities , which the soul hath cause to complain of in her conjunction with the body : whereof the first is the defilement of Originall sinne , wherewith the soul is not tainted as it proceeds , alone , from the pure hands of its Creator , but as it makes up a part of a son of Adam , who brought this guilt upon humano nature ; so as now this composition , which we call man , is corrupt : Who can bring a clean thing out of that which is unclean ? saith Job . The second is a pronenesse to sinne , which , but by the meeting of these partners , had never been ; the soul , if single , would have been innocent ; thus matched , what evill is it not apt to entertain ? An ill consort is enough to poyson the best disposition . The difficulty of doing well is the third ; for how averse are we by this conjunction from any thing that is good ? This clog hinders us from walking roundly in the ways of God : The good that I would doe , I doe not , saith the chosen Vessell . The fourth is the dulnesse of our understanding , and the dimnesse of our mentall eies , especially in the things pertaining unto God ; which now we are forced to behold through the vail of flesh : if therefore we mis-know , the fault is in the mean , through which we doe imperfectly discover them . The fift is a perpetuall impugnation , and self-conflict , either part labouring to oppose and vanquish the other . This field is fought in every mans bosome , without any possibility of peace , or truce , till the last moment of dissolution . The sixt is the racking solicitude of cares , which continually distract the soul , not suffering it to rest at ease , whiles it carries this flesh about it . The seventh is the multiplicity of passions which daily bluster within us , and raise up continuall tempests in our lives , disquieting our peace , & threatning our ruine . The eight is the retardation of our glory ; for flesh and bloud cannot inherit the kingdome of God ; wee must lay down our load if we would enter into Heaven : The seed cannot fructifie unlesse it die . I cannot blame nature if it could wish not to be unclothed , but to be clothed upon : but so hath the eternall wisdome ordered , that we should first lay down , ere we can take up ; and be devested of earth , ere we can partake of Heaven . Now then , sith so many and great discommodities doe so unavoidably accompany this match of soul and body , and all of them cease instantly in the act of their dissolution ; what reason have we to be too deeply affected with their parting ? Yea , how should we rather rejoyce that the houre is come , wherein we shall be quit both of the guilt and temptations of sinne ; wherein the clogge shall bee taken away from our heels , and the vail from our eies ; wherein no intestine wars shall threaten us , no cares shall disquiet us , no passions shall torment us ; and lastly , wherein we may take the free possession of that glory , which we have hitherto lookt at only afar off from the top of our Pisgah ? SECT . XIX . Holy dispositions for Contentment : and first , Humility . HItherto , we have dwelt in those powerfull considerations which may work us to a quiet contentment with whatsoever adverse estate , whether of life or death ; after which , we addresse our selves to those meet dispositions , which shall render us fully capable of this blessed Contentation ; and shall make all these considerations effectuall to that happy purpose . Whereof the first is true Humility , under-valuing our selves , & setting an high rate upon every mercy that we receive ; For , if a man have attained unto this , that he thinks every thing too good for him , and self lesse then the least blessing , and worthy of the heaviest judgement ; he cannot but sit down thankfull for small favours , and meekly content with mean afflictions : As contrarily , the proud man stands upon points with his Maker , makes God his debter ; looks disdainfully at small blessings ; as if he said , What , no more ? and looks angerly at the least crosses ; as if he said , Why thus much ? The father of the faithfull hath practically taught us this Lesson of humility , who comes to God with dust and ashes in his mouth : And the Jewish Doctors tell us truly , that in every Disciple of Abraham , there must be three things : a good eye , a meek spirit , and an humble soul ; His Grandchilde Jacob , the Father of every true Israelite , had well taken it out ; whiles he can say to his God , I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies , and of all the truth which thou hast shewed unto thy servant : And indeed , in whomsoever it be , the best measure of Grace is Humility ; for the more Grace still , the greater Humility ; and no Humility , no Grace : Solomon observed of old ; and Saint James took it from him , That God resisteth the proud , and giveth Grace to the humble ; so as he that is not humble , is not so much as capable of Grace ; and he that is truly humble , is a fit subject for all Graces , and amongst the rest , for the Grace of Contentation : Give me a man therefore , that is vile in his own eies , that is sensible of his own wretchednesse , that knows what it is to sin , and what belongs to that sin whereof he is guilty ; this man shall think it a mercy that he is any where out of Hell ; shall account all the evils that he is free from , so many new favors ; shall reckon easie corrections amongst his blessings ; and shall esteem any blessing infinitely obliging . Whereas contrarily , the proud begger is ready to throw Gods alms at his head , and swels at every lash , that he receives from the divine hand . Not without great cause , therefore , doth the royall Preacher oppose the patient in spirit , to the proud in spirit ; for the proud man can no more bee patient , then the patient can be discontent with whatsoever hand of his God. Every toy puts the proud man beside his patience ; If but a flie be found in Pharaohs cup , he is straight in rage , ( as the Jewish tradition lays the quarrell ) and sends his Butler into durance : And if the Emperour doe but mistake the Stirrup of our Countreyman Pope Adrian , he shall dance attendance for his Crown : If a Mardochee doe but fail of a courtesie to Haman , all Jewes must bleed to death ; And how unquiet are our vain Dames , if this curle be not set right , or or that pinne mis-placed ? But the meek spirit is incurious ; and so throughly subacted , that he takes his load from God ( as the Camel from his Master ) upon his knees : And for men , if they compell him to goe one mile , he goes twain ; if they smite him on the right cheek , hee turns the other ; if they sue away his Coat , he parts with his Cloak also . Heraclius the Emperour , when hee was about to passe through the golden gate , and to ride in royall state through the streets of Jerusalem , being put in minde by Zacharias the Bishop there , of the humble and dejected fashion wherein his Saviour walked through those streets , towards his passion , strips off his rich robes , lays aside his Crown , & with bare head & bare feet , submissely paces the same way that his Redeemer had caried his Crosse towards his Golgotha : Every true Christian is ready to tread in the deep steps of his Saviour , as well knowing that if hee should descend to the Gates of Death , of the Grave , of Hell , he cannot bee so humbled , as the Son of God was for him : And indeed , this , and this alone , is the true way to glory ; He that is Truth it self , hath told us , that he who humbles himself shall be exalted ; And wise Solomon , Before honour is humility . The Fuller treads upon that cloth which he means to whiten : And he that would see the starres by day , must not climbe up into some high Mountain , but must descend to the lower Cels of the earth . Shortly , whosoever would raise up a firm building of Contentation , must bee sure to lay the foundation in Humility . SECT . XX. Of a faithfull selfe-resignation . SEcondly , to make up a true contentment with the most adverse estate , there is required a faithfull selfe-resignation into the hands of that God , whose wee are ; who , as he hath more right in us , then our selves , so he best knows what to doe with us : How graciously hath his mercy invited us to our own ease ? Bee carefull ( saith he ) for nothing ; but in every thing by prayer , and supplication , with thanksgiving , let your requests bee made known unto God : we are naturally apt in our necessities to have recourse to greater powers then our own ; even where we have no engagement of their help ; how much more should we cast our selves upon the Almighty , when he not onely allows , but solicits our reliance upon him ? It was a question that might have befitted the mouth of the best Christian , which fell from Socrates , Since God himselfe is carefull for thee , why art thou solicitous for thy selfe ? If evils were let loose upon us , so as it were possible for us to suffer any thing that God were not aware of , we might have just cause to sink under adversities ; but now , that we know every dram of our affliction is weighed out to us , by that all-wise , and all-mercifull Providence ; Oh our infidelity , if we doe make scruple of taking in the most bitter dose ! Here then is the right use of that main duty of Christianity , to live by faith : Brute creatures live by sense , meer men by reason , Christians by faith . Now , faith is the substance of things hoped for ; the evidence of things not seen ; In our extremities , we hope for Gods gracious deliverance , faith gives a subsistence to that deliverance , before it be : The mercies that God hath reserved for us , doe not yet show themselves ; faith is the evidence of them , though yet unseen : It was the Motto of the learned and godly Divine Master Perkins , Fidei vita vera vita ; The true life , is the life of faith ; a word which that worthy servant of God did both write and live ; neither indeed is any other life truly vitall , but this ; for hereby we enjoy God in all whatsoever occurrences : Are we abridged of means ? we feed upon the cordiall Promises of our God : Doe we sigh and groan under varieties of grievous persecutions ? out of the worst of them we can pick out comforts ; whiles we can hear our Saviour say , Blessed are they which are persecuted for righteousnesse sake ; for theirs is the kingdome of Heaven : Are we deserted , and abandoned of friends ? we see him by us , who hath said , I will never leave thee , nor forsake thee : Doe we droop under spirituall desertions ? we hear the God of truth say ; For a small moment have I forsaken thee , but with great mercy will I gather thee ; In a little wrath I hid my face from thee , but with everlasting kindness will I have mercy on thee , saith the Lord thy Redeemer : Are we driven from home ? If wee take the wings of the morning , and remain in the uttermost parts of the Sea ; even there also shall thine hand lead us , and thy right hand shall hold us : Are we dungeon'd up from the sight of the Sun ? Peradventure the darknesse shall cover us ; but then shall our night be turned into day ; yea , the darknesse is no darknesse with thee : Are we cast down upon the bed of sicknesse ? He that is our God , is the God of salvation ; and unto God the Lord belong the issues from death . It cannot bee spoken hovv injurious those men are to themselves , that will be managing their owne cares , and plotting the prevention of their fears ; and projecting their own , both indemnity , and advantages ; for , as they lay an unnecessary load upon their own shoulders , so they draw upon themselves the miseries of an unremediable disappointment ; Alas , how can their weaknesse make good those events which they vainly promise to themselves , or avert those judgements they would escape , or uphold them in those evils they must undergoe ? Whereas if wee put all this upon a gracious God , hee contrives it with ease ; looking for nothing from us , but our trust , and thankfulnesse . SECT . XXI . Of true inward riches . IN the third place , it will be most requisite to furnish the foul with true inward riches ; I mean not of meer morall vertues , ( which yet are truly precious when they are found in a good heart ) but of a wealth as much above them , as gold is above drosse ; Yea , as the thing which is most precious , is above nothing : And this shall be done , if we bring Christ home to the soul ; if we can possesse our selves of him , who is God al-sufficient ; For , such infinite contentment there is in the Son of God made ours , that whosoever hath tasted of the sweetnesse of this comfort , is indifferent to all earthly things ; and insensible of those extream differences of events , wherewith others are perplexed ; How can he be dejected with the want of any thing , who is possessed of him that possesseth all things ? How can he be over-affected with triviall profits , or pleasures , who is taken up with the God of all comfort ? Is Christ mine therefore ? How can I fail of all contentment ? How can he complain to want light , that dwels in the midst of the Sun ? How can he complain of thirst , out of whose belly flow rivers of living water ? What can I wish , that my Christ is not to me ? Would I have meat and drink ? My flesh is meat indeed ; and my bloud is drink indeed : Would I have clothing ? But , put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ , saith the Apostle : Would I have medicine ? He is the Tree of life , the leaves whereof are for the healing of the Nations : Would I have safety and protection ? He truly is my strength , and my salvation ; he is my defence , so as I shall not fall ; In God is my health and my glory ; the Rock of my might , and in God is my trust : Would I have direction ? I am the way , and the truth : Would I have life ? Christ is to me to live ; I am the resurrection and the life : Would I have all spirituall things ? We are in Christ Jesus , who of God is made unto us Wisdome , and Righteousnesse , and Sanctification , and Redemption . Oh the happy condition of the man that is in Christ , and hath Christ in him ! Shall I account him rich that hath store of Oxen , and Sheep , and Horses , and Camels ; that hath heaps of metals , and some spots of ground ; and shall I not account him infinitely more rich , that ownes and enjoyes him whose the earth is , and the fulnesse of it ; whose Heaven is , and the glory of it ? Shall I justly account that man great , whom the King will honour , and place near to himselfe ; and shall I not esteeme that man more honourable , whom the King of Heaven is pleased to admit unto such partnership of glory , as to professe ; To him that overcommeth will I grant to sit with me in my Throne ; even as I also overcame , and am set downe with my Father in his Throne ? It is a true word of Saint Augustine , that every soul is either Christs Spouse , or the Devils Harlot : Now if we be matched to Christ , the Lord of glory ; what a blessed union is here ? What can he withhold from us , that hath given us himself ? I could envie the devotion of that man ( though otherwise mis-placed ) whom Saint Bernard heard to spend the night in no other words , then , Deus meus & omnia ; My God , and all things ; Certainly , he who hath that God , hath more then all things ; he that wants him ( what ever else he seemes to possesse ) hath lesse then nothing . SECT . XXII . Holy resolutions : 1. That our present estate is best for us . AFter these serious considerations , and meet dispositions , shall in the last follow certain firme resolutions for the full actuating our contentment : And first , we must resolve ( out of the unfailable grounds of divine Providence , formerly spoken of ) that the present estate wherein we are , is certainly the best for us ; and therefore wee must herein absolutely captivate our understanding , and will , to that of the Highest : How unmeet Judges are flesh and blood of the best fitnesse of a condition for us ? As some palates ( which are none of the wholsomest ) like nothing but sweet meats , so our nature would be fed up with the only delicacies of pleasures and prosperity ; according to the false principle of Aristippus , that he onely is happy , which is delighted ; but the all-wise God knowes another diet more fit for our health , and therefore graciously tempers our dishes with the tart sauces of afiliction : The mother of the two sons of Zebedee , and her ambitious children , are all for the chiefe P●●rage in the Temporall kingdome of Christ ; but he cals them to a bitter Cup , and a bloody baptisme rather ; and this was a far greater honour then that they sued for : There is no earthly estate absolutely good for all persons ; like as no gale can serve for all passengers . In Africk , they say , the North winde brings Clouds , and the South winde clears up : That plant which was starved in one soile , in another prospers ; Yea , that which in some climate is poyson , proves wholsome in another : Some one man , if he had anothers blessings , would run wilde ; and if he had some other mans crosses , would be desperate ; The infinite wisdome of the great Governour of the world allots every one his due proportion ; The Fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument ; neither is a Cartwheele turned about upon the Cummin ; but the Fitches are beaten out with a staffe , and the Cummin with a rod , saith Esay : And no otherwise in matter of prosperity ; Josephs Coat may be party-coloured , and Benjamins messe may be five times so much as any of his brethren . It is marvell if they who did so much envie Joseph for his dream of superiority , did not also envie Benjamin for so large a service , and so rich gifts at his parting ; this it seems gave occasion for the good Patriarchs fear , when he charged them , See that you fall not out by the way : But , there had been no reason for so impotent an envie ; whiles the gift is free , and each speeds above his desert , who can have cause to repine ? It is enough that Joseph knew a just reason of so unequall a distribution , though it were hidden from themselves . The elder brother may grudge the fat Calfe , and the prime Robe to the returned Unthrift , but the Father knowes reason to make that difference . God is infinitely just and infinitely mercifull , in dispensing both his favours and punishment . In both kinds every man hath that which is fittest for him , because it is that which Gods will hath designed to him ; and that will is the most absolute rule of justice : now if we can so frame our will to his , as to think so too , how can wee bee other then contented ? Do we suffer ? There is more intended to us then our smart : It was a good speech of Seneca , though an Heathen , ( what pity it is that he was so ? ) I give thanks to my infirmity , which forces me not to be able to do that , which I ought not will to do ; If we lose without , so as we gain within ; if in the perishing of the outward man the inward man be renued , we have no cause to complain , much to rejoyce : Do I live in a mean estate ? If it were better , I should be worse ; more proud , more carelesse ; and what a wofull improvement were this ? What a strange creature would man be , if he were what he would wish himselfe ? Surely , he would be wickedly pleasant , carelesly prophane , vainely proud , proudly oppressive , dissolutely wanton , impetuously selfe-willed ; and shortly , his own Idoll , and his own Idolater : His Maker knowes how to frame him better ; it is our ignorance and unthankfulnesse , if we submit not to his good pleasure : To conclude , we pray every day , Thy will be done ; What hypocrites are we , if we pray one thing , and act another ? If we murmure at what we wish ? All is well between Heaven and us , if we can think our selvs happy to be what God will have us . SECT . XXIII . 2. Resolution , to abate of our desires . SEcondly , we must resolve to abate of our desires ; for it is the illimitednesse of our ambitious , and covetous thoughts , that is guilty of our unquietnesse ; Every man would be , and have more then he is ; and is therefore sick of what he is not . It was a true word of Democritus , If we desire not much , we shall think a little much : and it is sutable to one of the rules of S. Augustine ; it is better to need lesse , then to have more : Paul , the richest poor man , ( as Ambrose well ) could say , As having all things , yet possessing nothing : It is not for a Christian to be of the Dragons temper , which they say is so ever thirsty , that no water will quench his drought ; and therefore never hath his mouth shut ; nor with the daughters of the Horseleach to cry alwayes , Give , give ; He must confine his desires ; and that , to no overlarge compasse ; and must say to them , as God doth to the Sea , Hitherto shalt thou come , and no further ; and here shall thy proud waves be stayed . What a cumber it is for a man to have too much ? to be in the case of Surena the Parthian Lord , that could never remove his family with lesse then a thousand Camels ? What is this , but Tortoise-like to be clogg'd with a weighty shell , which we cannot drag after us , but with pain ? Or like the Ostrich , to be so held down with an heavie body that we can have no use of our wings ? Whereas the nimble Lark rises and mounts with ease , and sings chearfully in her flight . How many have we known , that have found too much flesh a burden ? and when they have found their blood too rank , have been glad to pay for the letting it out ? It was the word of that old and famous Lord Keeper Bacon , the eminent Head of a noble and witty family , Mediocria firma : There is neither safety , nor true pleasure in exces : it was a wise and just answer of Zeno the Philosopher , who reproving the superstuity of a feast , and hearing by way of defence , that the Maker of it was a rich man , and might well spare it , said ; If thy Cook shall oversalt thy broth , and when he is chid for it , shall say , I have store enough of salt lying by mee : wouldst thou take this for a fair answer ? My Son , eat thou honey , saith Solomon ; because it is good : but , to be sure , for the preveating all immoderation , he addes soon after ; Hast thou found honey ? eat so much as is sufficient for thee , lest thou be filled therewith : if our appetite carry us too far , we may easily surfeit ; this ( which is the embleme of pleasure ) must be tasted ( as Dionysius the Sophist said of old ) on the tip of the finger ; not be supt up in the hollow of the hand : It is with our desires as it is with weak stomachs , the quantity offends , even where the food is not unwholsome ; and if heed be not taken , one bit draws on another , till nature be overlaid ; Both pleasures and profits ( if way be given to them ) have too much power to debauch the minde , and to work it to a kinde of insatiablenesse ; there is a thirst that is caused with drunkennes ; and the wanton appetite , like as they said of Messalina , may be wearied , but cannot be satisfied ; It is good therefore to give austere repulses to the first overtures of inordinate desires , and to give strong denials to the first unruly motions of our hearts ; For , S. Chrysostome well ; pleasure is like a Dog , which being coyed , and stroked , followes us at the heels , but if rated , and beaten off , is driven away from us with ease . It is for the Christian heart to be taken up with other desires , such as wherein there can be no danger of immoderatenesse : These are the holy longings after grace and goodnesse ; This only covetousnesse , this ambition is pleasing to God , and infinitely beneficiall to the soule . Blessed are they which hunger and thirst after righteousnesse , for they shall be filled : Spirituall blessings are the true riches whereof we can never have enough . S. Ambrose said truly , No man is indeed wealthy , that cannot carry away what he hath with him : What is left behinde , is not ours , but other mens : Contemne thou whiles thou art alive , that which thou canst not enjoy when thou art dead . As for this earthly trash , and the vaine delights of the flesh , which we have so fondly doted on ; we cannot carry them indeed away with us , but the sting of the guilty mis-enjoying of them will be sure to stick by us ; and , to our sorrow , attend us both in Death and Judgement : In summe therefore , if we would be truly contented , and happy , our hearts can never be enough enlarged in our desires of spirituall and heavenly things , never too much contracted in our desires of earthly . SECT . XXIV . 3. Resolution , to inure our selves to digest smaller discontentments . OUr third resolution must be to inure our selves to digest smaller discontentments ; and by the exercise thereof , to enable our selves for greater : as those that drink medicinall waters , begin first with smaller quantities , and by degrees arise , at last , to the highest of their prescribed measure ; or as the wise Lacedemonians , by early scourgings of their boyes , inured them in their riper yeares to more painfull sufferings : A strong Milo takes up his Calf at first , and by continuall practice is now able to carry it when it is grown a Bull. Such is our self-love , that we affect ever to be served of the best ; and that we are apt to take great exceptions at small failings : We would walk alwayes in smooth , and even paths , and would have no hinderances in our passage ; but there is no remedie , we must meet with rubs ; and perhaps crosse shinnes , and take fals too in our way : Every one is willing and desirous to enjoy ( as they say the city of Rhodes doth ) a perpetuall Sunshine ; but we cannot ( if we be wise ) but know , that we must meet with change of weather ; with rainy dayes , and sometimes stormes and tempests ; it must be our wisdome to make provision accordingly : and some whiles to abide a whetting ; that , if need be , we may endure a drenching also . It was the policy of Jacob , when he was to meet with his brother Esau ( whom he feared an enemy , but found a friend ) to send the droves first , then his handmaids , and their children ; then Leah , with her children , and at last came Joseph and Rachel , as one that would adventure the lesse dear in the first place , and ( if it must be ) to prepare himself for his dearest losse . S. Pauls companions in his perilous Sea-voyage , first lighten the Ship of lesse necessaries , then they cast out the tackling , then the wheat , & in the last place themselves . It is the use that wise Socrates made of the sharp tongues of his crosse and unquiet wives , to prepare his patience for publick sufferings . Surely , he that cannot endure a frown , will hardly take a blow ; and he that doubles under a light crosse , will sink under a heavier ; and contrarily that good Martyr prepares his whol body for the Faggot , with burning his hand in the Candle . I remember Seneca in one of his Epistles rejoyces much to tell with what patient temper he took it , that comming unexpectedly to his Countrey house , he found all things so discomposed , that no provision was ready for him ; finding more contentment in his own quiet apprehension of these wants , then trouble in that unreadines : And thus should we be affected upon all occasions ; Those that promised me help , have disappointed me : that friend on whom I relyed , hath failed my trust : the sum that I expected , comes not in at the day : my servant slackens the businesse enjoyned him : the beast that I esteemed highly , is lost : the Vessell in which I shipped some commodities , is wrackt : my diet & attendance must be abated ; I must be dislodged of my former habitation ; how do I put over these occurrences ? If I can make light work of these lesser crosses , I am in a good posture to entertaine greater . To this purpose , it will be not a little expedient to thwart our appetite in those things wherein we placed much delight ; and to torture our curiosity in the delay of those contentments , which we too eagerly affected : It was a noble and exemplary government of these passions , which we finde in King David , who being extreamly thirsty , and longing for a speedy refreshment , could say ; Oh that one would give mee drink of the water of the Well of Bethlehem ! but when he saw that water purchased with the hazard of the lives of three of his Worthies , when it was brought to him , he would not drink it , but poured it out unto the Lord. Have I a minde to some one curious dish above the rest ? I will put my knife to my throat , and not humour my palate so far as to taste of it : Doe I receive a Letter of newes from a far Countrey , over night ? It shall keep my pillow warme till the morning : Doe my importunate recreations cal me away ? they shall , against the hair , be forcibly adjourned till a further leisure : Out of this ground it was , that the ancient Votaries observed such austerity , and rigour in their diet , clothes , lodging ; as those that knew how requisite it is that nature should be held short of her demands ; and continually exercised with denials , lest she grow too wanton , and impetuous in her desires : That which was of old given as a rule to Monastick persons , is fit to be extended to all Christians ; They may not have a will of their own , but must frame themselves to such a condition , and cariage , as seemes best to their Superiour ; If therefore it please my God to send me some little comfort , I shall take that as an earnest of more ; and if he exercise me with lesser crosses , I shall take them as preparatives to greater ; and endeavour to be thankfull for the one , and patient in the other ; and contented with Gods hand in both . SECT . XXV . 4. Resol . to be frequent and fervent in prayer . OUr last resolution must be , to be frequent and fervent in our prayers to the Father of all mercies , that he will be pleased to work our hearts by the power of his Spirit , to this constant state of Contentation ; without which we can neither consider the things that belong to our inward peace , nor dispose our selves towards it , nor resolve ought for the effecting it ; without which , all our Considerations , all our Dispositions , all our Resolutions , are vain and fruitlesse . Justly therefore doth the blessed Apostle , after his charge of avoiding all carefulnesse for these earthly things , enforce the necessity of our Prayers and Supplications , and making our requests knowne unto God ; who both knows our need , and puts these requests into our mouths : When we have all done , they are the requests of our hearts , that must free them from cares , and frame them to a perfect contentment : There may be a kind of dull and stupid neglect , which possessing the soul may make it insensible of evill events , in some naturall dispositions ; but a true temper of a quiet and peaceable estate of the soul upon good grounds can never be attained without the inoperation of that holy Spirit , from whom every good gift , and every perfect giving proceedeth : It is here contrary to these earthly occasions : with men , he that is ever craving , is never contented ; but with God , he cannot want contentment that prays always . If we be not unacquainted with our selves , we are so conscious of our own weaknesse , that we know every puffe of temptation is able to blow us over ; they are onely our prayers that must stay us from being caried away with the violent assaults of discontentment ; under which , a praying soul can no more miscary , then an indevout soul can enjoy safety . SECT . XXVI . The difficulty of knowing how to abound ; and the ill consequences of not knowing it . LEt this be enough for the remedy of those distempers which arise from an adverse condition ; As for prosperity , every man thinks himself wise and able enough to know how to govern it , and himself in it ; an happy estate ( we imagine ) will easily manage it selfe , without too much care ; Give me but Sea-room , saith the confident Mariner , and let me alone , what ever tempest arise : Surely , the great Doctor of the Gentiles had never made this holy boast of his divine skill , [ I know how to abound ] if it had been so easie a matter as the world conceives it : Meer ignorance , and want of selfe-experience , is guilty of this errour . Many a one abounds in wealth and honour , who abounds no lesse in miseries and vexation : Many a one is caried away with an unruly greatness , to the destruction of body , soul , estate ; The world abounds every where with men that doe abound , and yet do not know how to abound : and those especially in three ranks . The proud , the covetous , the prodigall ; The proud is thereby transported to forget God ; the covetous , his neighbour ; the prodigall , himself . Both wealth and honour are of a swelling nature ; raising a man up not above others , but above himself ; equalling him to the powers immortall ; yea , exalting him above all that is called God ; Oh that vile dust and ashes should be raised to that height of insolence as to hold contestation with its Maker ! Who is the Lord ? saith the King of Egypt : I shall be like to the Highest ; I am , and there is none besides me , saith the King of Babylon ; The voice of God , and not of Man , goes down with Herod ; And hovv will that Spirit trample upon men , that dare vie with the Almighty ? Hence are all the heavy oppressions , bloudy tyrannies , imperious domineerings , scornfull insultations , merciless outrages , that are so rife amongst men , even from hence , that they know not how to abound . The covetous man abounds with bags , and no lesse with sorrows ; verifying the experience of wise Solomon ; There is a sore evill which I have seen under the Sun , riches kept for the owners thereof , to their hurt ; what he hath got with unjustice , he keeps with care , leaves with grief , and reckons for with torment ; I cannot better compare these Money-mongers then to Bees ; they are busie gatherers , but it is for themselves ; their Masters can have no part of their honey till it be taken from them ; and they have a sting ready for every one that approaches their Hive ; and their lot at the last is burning . What maceration is there here with fears , and jealousies ; what cruell extortion , and oppression exercised upon others ? & all from no other ground then this , that they know not how to abound ? The prodigal feasts and sports like an Athenian , spends like an Emperour ; and is ready to say as Heliogabalus did of old , Those cates are best , that cost dearest ; caring more for an empty reputation of a short gallantry , then for the comforble subsistence of himself , his family , his family , his posterity : Like Cleopes , the vain Egyptian King , which was fain to prostitute his daughter for the finishing of his Pyramid : This man lavisheth out not his own means alone , but his poor neighbours ; running upon the score with all trades that concern back or belly ; undoing more with his debts , then he can pleasure with his entertainments ; none of all which should be done , if he knew how to abound . Great skill therefore is required to the governing of a plentifull and prosperous estate , so as it may be safe and comfortable to the owner , and beneficiall unto others ; Every Corporall may know how to order some few files , but to marshall many Troops in a Regiment , many Regiments in a whole body of an Army , requires the skill of an experienced Generall . But the rules and limits of Christian moderation , in the use of our honours , pleasures , profits , I have at large laid forth in a former Discourse ; thither I must crave leave to send the benevolent Reader ; beseeching God to bless unto him these and all other labours , to the happy furtherance of his Grace and Salvation . Amen . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A45324-e280 Dr. Preston . Ps . 19. 1 , 2. Ps . 104. 24. Cant. 5. 6. Ps . 41. 4. 79. 8. 130. 3. 94. 11. 3. 7. 89. 48. 109. 21. 86. 4. 71. 10. 86. 11. Ps . 70. 6. 60. 11. 71. 23. 31. 17. 40. 14. 5. 8. 119. penul . 68. 35. 92. 5. 71. 17. 18. 47. 63. 4. 145. 10. 104. 25. 18. 31. Ps . 20. 5. 107. 8 : 31. 21. 9. 10. 16. 12. 8. 4. 115. 1. Ps . 19. 1. 74. 17. 97. 11. 36. 9. 39. 5. 93. 5. 139. 11. Ps . 139. 2. 51. 7. 17. 5. 90. 12. 39. 5. Luc. 11. 25. Wisd . 1. 4. Psal . 26. 6. Eccles . 10. Esa . 66. 2. Gen. 18. 27. Pro. 30. 2. Mat. 3. 11. Ephes . 3. 1. Job 38. Phil. 2. 6 , 7 , 8 , &c. Rom. 5. 1. Ps . 103. 8. Ps . 116. 12 , 13. Ps . 119. 18. 21 , &c. Phil. 1. 21. Gal. 2. 20. Cant. 2. 16. Cant. 4. 9. 6. 4 , 5. Can. 5. 10. 8. 6. 2. 5. Ps . 116. Rom. 3. 4. Ps . 119. 8. Carolus Borromaeus Acts 19. 35 Eccles . 5. 1. Jud. 3. 20. 2 Cor. 5. 20 Act. 10. 33 1 Sam. 25. 24. Job 13. 17. Psal . 40. 6. Serm. ad Eccles . cautelam . 1 Pet. 2. 2 Eph. 3. 9. Zachar. 3. ● Mat. 5. 23. Notes for div A45324-e4210 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Hos . 2. 14. * Non enim potest mens attrita & oneribus & importunitatibus gravata , tanium boni peragere , quantum delectata & oppressionibus soluta Cornel. ep . 2. Rufo Coepiscopo . Acts ult . Gen. 26. 22. Magna domus homuli . Psal . 8. 3 , 4. Notes for div A45324-e6920 Phil. 4. 11. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 v. 12. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Si sedeas requies est magna laboris ; Si multum sedeas , labor est . Tert. Car. Pro. 30. 8. Senec. de Tranquil . Psal . 23. 1. Psal . 34. 9 , 10. Ecclus. 25. 22. Rev. 3. 17. Mat. 20. 15 2 King. 7. 2 2 King. 6. 33. Rev. 16. 9. 11. Ionah 4. 9. Prov. 30. 9 * Galba Otho Vitellius Ael . Pertinax Didius . Anno D. 1275. 1276. Gregor . 10 Innocent 5 Hadrian 5 Johan . 20 vel 21 Nicolaus 3 * 1 Cor. 15. 31. Gen. 15. 10 Deut. 29. 23. Prov. 23. 5. Ps . 49. 12. Ludo. Vives in 3. de Civilcensurā notatus Vellosillo . Prov. ult . penult . Eccles : 11. 10. Mat. 6. 28. Eccle. 1. 8. Ps . 69. 22. Dan. 1. 12 , 13. Heb. 11. 13 Ps . 132. 1. G. Naz. Carm. de calam . suis . Greg. l. 7. Epi. 12. 7. In vita Melanct. Shicardus . Ambros . l. 4 Epist . 29. Hieron . Ep. ad Hedibium . 1 Tim. 6. Ep. Lucii ad Episc . Gall. & Hisp . 1 Tim. 6. 9 Paulo primo Eremitae in spelunca viventi palma & cibum & vestimentum praebebat : quod cum imp●s●●b●le vidcatur . Jestemm testur & Angelos vidisse me Monacbos , de quibus unus per 30. annos clausus , bo●deaceo pane & lu●ulenta aqua vixit . Hieron de vita Pauli . Revelatur Antonio nonagenario de Paulo agente jam 113 annum , esse alium se sanctiorem Monachum , ibid. Plin. l. 26. c. 6. Hugo . Instit . Mona . Reg. S. Columb . Senec. Epist . 38. Job 18. 4. Eccles 7. 9. Gen. 30. 1. Gen. 15. 2. Pro. 15. 13 Ps . 37. 7. Jam. 5. 7. Jer. 12. 8. Ps . 103. 9. Job 2. 10. Livius . 2 Cor. 4. 17. Acts 7. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Inter opera Ambrosii De moribus Brachmannorum . 1 Kings 18. 13. 2 King. 6. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5. Mat. 8. 20. Heb. 9. 27. Rom. 5. 1. Phil. 1. 23. Gal. 5. 17. Job 14. 4. Rom. 7. 19 Gen. 18. 27 P●●k . Avoth . Gen. 32. 10 Pro. 3. 34. Jam. 4. 6. Eccles . 7. 8 Mat. 5. 39 , 40. Pro. 15. 33 Phil. 4. 6. Heb. 11. 1. Mat. 5. 10. Heb. 13. 5. Esa . 54. 7 , 8 Psal . 139. 8 , 9. Verse 10 , 11. Psal . 68. 20 Joh. 7. 38. Joh. 6. 55. Rom. 13. 14. Rev. 22. 2. Ps . 62. 6 , 7. Phil. 1. 21 Joh. 11. 25 1 Cor. 1. 30 Rev. 3. 23. Esa . 28. 27. Gen. 43. 34. Gen. 45. 24. 2 Cor. 4. 16. Ambros . de vitiorum & virtutum conflictus . Pro. 30. 15 Job 38. 11 Pro. 24. 13 Pro. 25. 16 Mat. 5. 6. Ambros . Epist . 27. Gen. 3. 2. 26. & 33. 5 , 6. &c. Acts 27. 18 , 19. 2 Sam. 23. 15 , 16 , 17. Phil. 4. 6. Jam. 1. 17. Exod. 5. 2. Esa . 14. 14. Act. 12. 12. Eccl. 5. 13. Aelius Lāprid .