The invisible world discovered to spirituall eyes and reduced to usefull meditation : in three books : also, the great mystery of godliness laid forth by way of affectuous and feeling meditation : with the apostolicall institution of imposition of hands for confirmation of children, setting forth the divine ground, end, and use of that too much neglected institution, and now published as an excellent expedient to truth and peace / by Jos. Hall. Hall, Joseph, 1574-1656. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A45280 of text R25402 in the English Short Title Catalog (Wing H387). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 230 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 131 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2017 A45280 Wing H387 ESTC R25402 08951046 ocm 08951046 42064 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A45280) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 42064) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1286:2) The invisible world discovered to spirituall eyes and reduced to usefull meditation : in three books : also, the great mystery of godliness laid forth by way of affectuous and feeling meditation : with the apostolicall institution of imposition of hands for confirmation of children, setting forth the divine ground, end, and use of that too much neglected institution, and now published as an excellent expedient to truth and peace / by Jos. Hall. Hall, Joseph, 1574-1656. [26], 221, [11] p. Printed by E. Cotes for John Place, London : 1659. Reproduction of original in the Bodleian Library. eng Spiritual life -- Modern period, 1500- Sanctification. Theology, Doctrinal. A45280 R25402 (Wing H387). civilwar no The invisible world, discovered to spirituall eyes, and reduced to usefull meditation. In three books. Also, the great mystery of godliness, Hall, Joseph 1659 41273 185 5 0 0 0 0 46 D The rate of 46 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the D category of texts with between 35 and 100 defects per 10,000 words. 2005-11 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-04 Judith Siefring Sampled and proofread 2006-04 Judith Siefring Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion The INVISIBLE WORLD , Discovered to Spirituall Eyes , and reduced to usefull Meditation . IN THREE BOOKS . Also , the Great MYSTERY of GODLINESS , Laid forth by way of affectuous and feeling MEDITATION : With the Apostolicall Institution of imposition of Hands , for Confirmation of Children ; setting forth the Divine Ground , End , and Use of that , too much neglected , Institution , and now published as an excellent Expedient to Truth and Peace . By JOS. HALL , D.D.B. Norwich . London , Printed by E. Cotes , for John Place at Furnivals Inne-gate , 1659 To all them that love our Lord Jesus Christ in sincerity , Grace and Peace . Dear Brethren , IF I have , in a sort , taken my leave of the world already ; yet , not of you , whom God hath chosen out of the world , and endeared to me by a closer interest : so as ye may justly expect from me a more speciall valediction ; which I do now in all Christian affection tender unto you : And , as dear friends upon a long parting are wont to leave behind them some tokens of remembrance , where they most affect ; so have I thought good , before my setting forth on my last journey , to recomend unto you these my two finall Meditations ; then which , I suppose , nothing could be more proper for me to give ; or more likely to merit your acceptation : For , if we were half way in heaven already , what can be a more seasonable imployment of our thoughts , then the great Mysterie of Godlinesse , which the Angels desire to look into ▪ And , now when our b●dily eyes are glutted with the view of the things that are seen ( a prospect , which can afford us nothing but vanity and vexation ) what can be more meet , then to feed our spirituall eyes , with the light of Invisible glories ? Make your use of them , both , to the edifying of your selves in your most holy faith ; and aspire with me , towards that happiness which is laid up above for all those that love the appearance of our Lord Jesus . Withall , as the last words of friends are wont to bear the greatest weight , and to make the deepest impression ; so let these lines of holy advise , wherewith ( after many well-meant discourses ) I shall close up the mouth of the Presse , find the like respect from you . Oh that I might in the first place , effectually recommend to you the full recovery of that precious Legacy of our blessed Saviour , Peace : peace with God , Peace with men ; next to Grace the best of all blessings : Yet , wo is me , too too long banished from the Christian world , with such animosity , as if it were the worst of enemies , and meet to be adjudged to a perpetuall mitrnatition . Oh for a fountain of tears to bewaile the stain of Gods people in all the coasts of the Earth : How is Christendome become an universall Aceldama ? How is the earth every where drenched with humane bloud ? poured out , not by the hands of cruell Infidels , but of brethren : Men need not go so farre as Euphrates for the execution of Turks and Pagans , Christians can make up an Armageddon with their own mutuall slaughter . Enough , my dear brethren , enough ; yea more then too much hath been the effusion of that bloud , for which our Saviour hath shed his : Let us now , at the last , dry up these deadly issues , which we have made ; and with soveraigne balms bind up the wounds we have given : Let us now be , not more sparing of our tears , to wash off the memory of these our unbrotherly dimications , and to ppease the anger of that God , whose offended justice hath raised war out of our own bowels : As our enmity , so our peace begins at heaven : Had we not provoked our long-suffering God , we had not thus bled ; and we cannot but know and beleeve him that said . When a mans wayes please the Lord , he maketh his enemies to be at peace with him ; Oh that we could throughly reconcile our selves to that great and holy God , whom we have irritated by our crying sins , how soon would he , who is the commander of all hearts , make up our breaches , and calme and compose our spirits to an happy peace and concord ! In the next place give me leave earnestly to exhort you , that , as we have been heretofore palpably faulty in abusing the mercies of our God for which we have soundly smarted ) so that now , we should be so much the more carefull to improve the judgments of God , to our effectuall reformation : we have felt the heavie hand of the Almighty upon us to purpose ; Oh that our amendment could be no lesse sensible then our sufferings ; But , alas , my brethren , are our wayes any whit holyer ? our obedience , more exact , our sins less and fewer then before we were thus heavily afflicted ? may not our God too justly take up that complaint , which he made once by his Prophet Jeremiah , Ye have transgressed against me , saith the Lord , In vain have I smitten your children , they received no correction : Far be it from us , that after so many sad and solemne mournings of our Land , any accuser should be able to charge us , as the Prophet Hosea did his Israel , By swearing , and lying , and killing , and stealing , and committing adulterie , they break out , and blood toucheth bloud : Wo be to us , if after so many veins opened , the blood remaining should not be the purer . Let me have leave , in the third place , to excite you to the practise of Christian charity , in the mutuall constructions of each others persons , and actions ; which ( I must tell you ) we have heedlesly violated in the heat of our holy intentions ; whiles those which have varied from us in matter of opinion , concerning some appendances of Religion , and outward forms of administration , we have been apt to look upon with such disregard , as if they had herein forfeit 〈◊〉 their Christian profession , and were utter aliens from the Common-wealth of Israel ; though in the mean time , sound at the heart ; and endeavouring to walk close with God in all their wayes : whereas the father of all mercies allows a gracious latitude to his children , in all not-forbidden paths : and in every nation and condition of men , he that feareth God , and worketh righteousness , is accepted with him : Beware we ( my dear brethren ) lest whiles we follow the chase of Zeal , we out-run charity , without which , piety it self would be but unwelcome : As for matter of opinion in the differences of Religion , wherewith the whole known world , not of Christians only , but of men , is wofully distracted , to the great prejudice of millions of souls , let this be our sure rule . Whosoever he be that holds the faith which was once delivered to the Saints , agreeing therefore with us in all fundamentall Truths , let him be received as a broth●r ▪ For th●re is but one Lord , one Faith , one Baptism : And , other foundation can no man lay , then that which is laid , which is Jesus Christ : Let those which will be a devising a new Creed , look for a new Saviour , and hope for another heaven ; for us we know whom we have beleeved : If any man be faulty in the doctrines of superstructure , let us pity and rectifie his errour , but not abandon his person . The Communion of Saints is not so sleight that it should be violated by weak mistakings : if any man through ignorance or simplicity , shall strike at the foundation of faith , let us labour by all gentle means , and brotherly conviction , in the spirit of meeknesse to reclaim him : If after all powerfull indeavours he will needs remain , obstinate in his evill way ; let us disclaim his fellowship , and not think him worthy of a God-speed . But if he shall not only wilfully undermine the ground-work of Christian faith , by his own damnable opinions , but diffuse his her●ticall blasphemies to the infection of others ; let him be cut off by spirituall censures ; and so dealt with by publick authority that the mischief of his contagion may be seasonably prevented , and himselfe be made sensible of his hainous crime . In all which proceedings , just distinction must be made betwixt the seduced soul , and the pestilent seducer , the one calls for compassion , the other , for severity : So then my brethren let us pity and pray for all that have erred and are deceived ; let us instruct the ignorant , convince the gainsaying , avoid the obstinate , restrain the infectious , and punish the self-convicted heresiarch . In the fourth place , let us , I beseech you , take heed of beeing swayed with self-interests in all our designs : These have ever been the bane of the best undertakings , as being not more plausibly insinnuative , then pernicious : For that partiall self-love , that naturally ledges in every mans brest , is ready to put us upon those projects , which , under fair pretences , may be extreamly prejudiciall to the publique weal ; suggesting not how lawfull or expedient they may be for the common , but how beneficiall to our selves ; drawing us by insensible degrees to sacrifice the publique welfare to our own advantage , and to underwork , and cross the better counsails of more faithfull patriots : Whereupon , many flourishing Churches , Kingdomes , States , have been brought to miserable ruine : Oh that we could remember , that as all things are ours , so we are not our own ; that we have the least interest in our selves , being infinitely more considerable as parts of a community , theras single persons ; that the main end of our beeing , ( next to the glory of our maker ) is an universall serviceablenesse to others : in the attaining whereof , we shall far more eminently advance our own happiness , then by the best of our private self-seeking indeavors . But withall , it will be meet for us to consider , that , as we are made to serve all , so only in our own station : There can be no hope of a continued wel being without order : There can be no order without a due subordination of degrees , and diversity of vocations ; and in vain shall divers vocations be ordained , if all professions shall enterfere with each other . It is the prudent and holy charge of the Apostle , Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he is called . We are all members of the same body , every one whereof hath his proper employment : The head is to direct and govern , the feet to walk , the eyes to see , the ears to hear : How mad would we think that man , that should affect to walk on his head , to hear with his eye , to see with his ear ? Neither surely is it lesse incongruous for men in d●vine and civill administrations , to offer to undertake , and manage each others function ; in their nature and quality no lesse d●sperate : So then , let us indeavour to advance the common good , as that a pious Zeal may not draw in confusion ; and that we may not mistakeingly rear up the walls of Babel , whiles we intend Jerusalem : Not religion only , but policie cals us to encouragement of all usefull professions ; and of the sacred so much more , as the soul is more precious then all the world beside . Heed therefore must be taken to avoid all means , whereby the study of learning and knowledge may be any way disheartned ; as without which the world would soon be over-run with ignorance , & barbarism : All arts therefore , as being in their kind excellent , may justly challenge their own rights , and if they shall want those respects , which are due to them , will suddenly languish : But above all , as Divinity is the Queen of Sciences , so should it be our just shame that whiles her handmaids are mounted on horsback , she should wait on them on foot . Fifthly , As it is our greatest honour that the name of Christ is called upon us ; so let it , I beseech you , be our care , that our profession be not formal , empty , and barren like the Jewish fig-tree , abounding with leaves , void of fruit ▪ but reall , active , fruitfull of all good workes , and exemplary in an universal obedien●e to the whole will of God : For it is a scandall never to be enough lamented , that any of those who are Saints by calling ( such we all are , or should be ) should hug some dearling sin in their bosome , which at last breaks forth to the shame of the Gospell , and to the insultation of Gath and Ascalon : Wo be to us if we shall thus cause the name of our God to be ●ill spoken of : There are two many of those , whom I am loath , and sorry to style heathen-Christians ; Christians in name , Heathens in conversation : these , as they come not within the compasse of my Dedication , ( for , alas , how should they love the Lord Jesus , when they know him not ? ) so I can heartily bewail their condition , who , like Gideons fleece , continue altogether dry , under so many sweet shewres of Grace ; wishing unto their souls , even thus late , a sense of the efficacy of that water which was once poured on their faces : These , if they run into all excesse of riot , what can be other expected from them ? but for us , that have learned to know the great Mysterie of Godlinesse , and have given up our name , to a strict covenant of obed●ence , if we shall suffer our selves to be miscarried into any enormious wickedness , we shall cause heaven to blush , and hell to triumph . Oh therefore , let us be so much the more watchfull over our ways , as our engagements to the name of our God , are greater , and the danger of our miscariages more deadly . Lastly , let me beseech , and adjure you , in the name of the Lord Jesu , to be carefull in matter of Religion , to keep within the due bounds of Gods revealed will . A charge which I would to God were not too needfull in these last dayes ; wherein , who sees not what Spirits of Errour are gone forth into the world , for the seducing of simple , and ungrounded souls ? Wo is me , what throngs are carried to hell by these devillish impostures ? One pretends Visions , and Revelations of new verities , which the world was not hitherto worthy to know ; another boasts of newlights of uncouth interpretations , hidden from all former eyes : one despises the dead letter of the scriptures ? another distorts it to his own erroneous sense . O the prodiges of damnable , hereticall , Atheous fancies , which have hereupon infested the Christian Church ; ( for which , what good soul doth not mourn in secret ? ) the danger whereof ye shall happily avoid , if ye shall keep close to the written word of our God which is only able to make you wise to salvation : As our Saviour repelled the Devill , so do ye the fanatick spirits of these brain-sick men , with , It is written ; Let those who would be wiser then God , justly perish in their presumption ; My soul for yours , if ye keep you to S. Pauls guard , not to be wise above that which is written . I could easily out of the exuberance of my Christian love overcharg you with multiplicity of holy coun●ses , but I would not take a tedious farewell ▪ May the God of heaven bless these , and all other wholesom admonitions to the furtherance of your souls in grace ; and may his good spirit , ever lead & guide us in all such wayes , as may be pleasing to him , till we happily meet in the participation of that incomprehensible glory , which he hath prepared for all his Saints ; till when , Farewel from your fellow-pilgrim in this vale of tears , Jos. Hall . HIGHAM neer NORWICH , Nov. 3. 1651. THE INVISIBLE WORLD , Discovered to spiritual Eyes , AND Reduced to usefull Meditation . In three Books . By JOS. HALL , D.D.B.N. London , Printed by E. Cotes , for John Place at Furnivals Inne-gate , 1659 The PREFACE . AS those that flit from their old home , and betake themselves to dwell in another countrey , where they are sure to settle ; are wont to forget the faces , and fashions whereto they were formerly inured , and to apply themselves to the knowledge and acquaintance of those , with whom they shall afterwards converse ; So it is here with me , being to remove from my earthly Tabernacle , wherein I have worn out the few and evil dayes of my pilgrimage , to an abiding City above , I have desired to acquaint my self with that Invisible world , to which I am going : to enter-know my good God , and his blessed Angels and Saints , with whom I hope to passe an happy eternity . And if by often and serious meditation I have attained ( through Gods mercy ) to any measure of lightsome apprehension of them , and their blisseful condition ; I thought it could be no other then profitable to my fellow-pilgrims , to have it imparted unto them : And , as knowing we can never be sensible enough of our happinesse , unlesse we know our own dangers , and the woful mis-carriages of others ; nor so fully blesse our eyes with the sight of heaven , if we cast not some glances upon hell ; I have held it requisite to bestow some thoughts upon that dreadfull region of darknesse , and confusion , that by the former of these , our desires may be whetted to the fruition of their blessednesse ; and by the other , we may be stirred up to a care of avoiding those paths that lead down to that second death ; and to a continual thankfulnesse unto that mercifull God , whose infinite goodnesse hath delivered us from that pit of horrour , and perdition . THE INVISIBLE WORLD . The First BOOK . SECT. I. That there is an invisible world . WHo can think other , but that the great God of heaven loseth much glory by our ignorance ? For , how can we give him the honour due to his name , whiles we conceive too narrowly of him , and his works ? To know him as he is , is past the capacity of our finite understanding , we must have other eyes to discern that incomprehensible essence ; but to see him in his divine emanations , and marvailous works , ( which are the back parts of that glorious majesty ) is that , whereof we may be capable , and should be ambitious ; Neither is there any thing in this world , that can so much import us : For wherefore serves the eye of sense , but to view the goodly frame and furniture of the Creation ? wherefore serves the eye of reason and faith , but to see that lively and invisible power , which governs and comprehends it ? Even this sensible , and materiall world , if we could conceive aright of it , is enough to amaze the most inlightned reason ; for if this globe of earth , in regard of the immense greatnesse of it , is wont ( not unjustly ) to be accounted a World , what shall we say of so many thousand stars , that are ( for the most part ) bigger then it ? how can we but admire so many thousand worlds of light , rolling continually over our heads ; all made by the omnipotent power ; all regularly guided by the infinite providence of the great God ? How poorly must that man needs think of the workmanship of the Almighty , that looks upon all these , but as so many Torches , set up in the firmament every evening , only so big as they seem ? and with what awfull respects must he needs be carried to his Creator , that knowes the vastnesse , and perpetually-constant movings of those lightsom bodies , ruled and upheld only by the mighty word that made them ? There is store of wonders in the visible , but the spirituall , and intelligible world is that , which is more worthy to take up our hearts ; both as we are men , indued with reason , and as regenerate , inlightned by faith ; being so much more excellent then the other , by how much more it is removed from all earthly means of apprehension . Brute creatures may behold these visible things , perhaps with sharper eyes then we , but spirituall objects are so utterly out of their reach , as if they had no being : Nearest therefore to beasts are those men , who suffer themselves to be so altogether led by their senses , as to believe nothing but what is suggested by that purblind and unfaithfull informer ; Let such men doubt whether they have a soul in their body , because their eye never met with it ; or that there are any stars in the firmament at noon-day , because they appear not ; or that there is any air wherein they breath , because nothing appears to them but an insensible vacuity . Of all other the Sadduces had been the most dull and sottish hereticks that ever were , if ( as some have construed them ) they had utterly denyed the very being of any Spirits ; Sure ( as learned Cameron pleads for them ) they could not be so senselesse ; for beleeving the books of Moses , and being conscious of their own animation , their bosomes must needs convince them of their spiritual inmate ; and what but a spirit could inable them to argue against spirits ? and how could they hold a God , and no Spirit ? it was bad enough that they denyed the immortality , and constant subsistence of those Angelical , immaterial substances ; an opinion long since hissed out , not of the School of Christianity only , but of the very stalls and styes of the most brutish Paganisme ; although not very long since ( as is reported by Hosius , and Prateolus ) that cursed Glazier of Gaunt , David George , durst wickedly rake it out of the dust , and of late some Scepticks of our own have let fall some suspicious glances this way : Surely , all that know they have souls , must needs beleeve a world of spirits , which they see not ; if from no other grounds , yet out of that analogy , which they cannot but finde betwixt this lesser , and that greater world ; for as this little world , Man , consists of an outward visible body , and an inward spiritual soul , which gives life , and motion to that organicall frame ; so possessing all parts that it is wholly in all , and in each part wholly ; So must it also be in this great Universe , the sensible and materiall part whereof , hath being , and moving from those spiritual powers , both supreme and subordinate , which dwell in it , and fill and actuate it . Every illuminated soul therefore looks about him with no other then S. Pauls eyes ; whose profession it is , We look not at the things which are seen , but at the things which are not seen , for the things which are seen are temporall , but the things which are not seen are eternall . SECT. II. The distribution of the Invisible world . I Cannot quite mislike the conceit of Reuchlin , and his ●abala , seconded by Galatinus , that as in an egge , the yelk lies in the middest encompassed round with the white , and that again by a film and shell ; so the sensible world is enclosed within the intelligible ; but withall I must adde , that here is not a meer involution only , but a spirituall permeation and inexistence ; yet without all mixture , without all confusion ; for those pure and simple natures are not capable of mingling with grosse , materiall substances ; and the God of Order hath given them their own separate essences ▪ offices , operations ; as for the managing of their own spiritual Common-wealth , within themselves , so for the disposing , governing , and moving of this sensible world : As therefore we shall foully misconceive of a man , if we shall think him to be nothing but a body , because our eyes see no more ; so we shall no lesse grossely erre , if beholding this outward fabrick , we shall conceive of nothing to be in this vast Universe , but the meer lifelesse substance of the heavens , and elements , which runs into our sight ; those lively and active powers that dwell in them could not be such , if they were not purely spirituall . Here then , above and beyond all worlds , and in this materiall , and intelligible world , our illuminated eyes meet first with the God of Spirits ; the DEITIE incomprehensible , the fountain of all life and being ; the infinite and self-existing Essence , one most pure , simple , eternal Act ; the absolute , omnipotent , omnipresent Spirit , who in himself is more then a world of worlds , filling & comprehending both the spiritual & sensible world ; in comparison of whom , this All is nothing ; and but from him had been , and were nothing : Upon this blessed object , O my soul , may thy thoughts ever dwell ; where the more they are fixed , the more shall they finde themselves ravished from the regard of all sensible things , and swallowed up with an admiration of that , which they are still further off from comprehending . Next to this All-glorious and infinite spirit , they meet with those immateriall and invisible powers , who receive their originall and continuance , their natures and offices from that King of glory ; Each one whereof is so mighty , as to make up a world of power alone ; each one so knowing , as to contain a world of wisdom , and all of them so innumerably many , that their number is next to infinite ; and all this numberlesse number so perfectly united in one celestial politie , that their entire communion ( under the laws and government of their soverain Creator ) makes them a compleat world of Spirits , invisibly living and moving both within and above this visible globe of the materiall world . After these , meet we with the glorified souls of the Just , who now let loose from this prison of clay , enjoy the full liberty of heaven ; and being at last , reunited to their then immortall bodies , and to their most glorious head , both are , and possesse a world of everlasting blisse . Last of all , may thy thoughts fall upon those infernall powers of darknesse , the spirituall wickednesses in heavenly places ; whose number , might , combination , makes up a dreadfull world of evil Angels , conflicting where they prevail not , and tormenting where they overcome ; These , together with the reprobate souls , whom they have captived , are the most horrible and wofull prospects of mischief and misery , which either world is subject unto ; Now all and every of these , however in respect of largenesse , they may well passe for so many severall worlds ; yet as we are wont to account the whole globe of heaven and earth , and the other inclosed elements ( though vast in their severall extents ) to make up but one sensible world ; so shall we ( in a desire to reduce all to unity ) consider all the intire specifications of spirits , but as ranked in so many regions of one immateriall , and intelligible world . Wherefore let us first silently adore ( that mundum archetypum ) that one transcendent , self-being , and infinite essence , in three most glorious persons , the blessed Deity , which filleth heaven and earth with the majesty of his glory , as vailed with the beams of infinitenesse , and hid in an inaccessible light ; and let us turn our eyes to the spiritual guard , the invisible attendants of that divine Majesty , without the knowledge and right apprehension whereof , we shall never attain to conceive of their God , and ours , as we ought . But , O ye blessed , immortal glorious spirits , who can know you , but he that is of you ? alas this soul of mine knows not it self , how shall it know you ? Surely , no more can our minds conceive of you , then our eyes can see you : Only , since he that made you hath given us some little glimpse of your subdivine natures , properties , operations , let us weakly as we may , recount them to his glory in yours . SECT. III. The Angels of heaven . Their numbers . THe good Lord forgive me for that ( amongst my other offences ) I have suffered my self so much to forget ( as his divine presence , so ) the presence of his holy Angels ; It is I confesse my great sin , that I have filled mine eyes with other objects , and have been slack in returning praises to my God , for the continual assistance of those blessed and beneficent spirits , which have ever graciously attended me , without intermission , from the first hour of my conception to this present moment ; neither shall ever ( I hope ) absent themselves from my tutelage , and protection , till they shall have presented my poor soul to her final glory : Oh that the dust and clay were so washed out of my eyes , that I might behold , together with the presence , the numbers , the beauties and excellencies of those my ever-present guardians . When we are convinced of the wonderfull magnitude of those goodly stars , which we see moving in the firmament , we cannot but acknowledge , that if God had made but one of them , he could never have been enough magnified in his power ; but , when our sense joyns with our reason , to force upon us withall an acknowledgement of the infinite numbers of those great luminaries ; now we are so far to seek of due admiration , that we are utterly lost in the amazement at this stupendious proof of omnipotence . Neither is it otherwise with the invisible , hoast of heaven : If the power of one Angel be such , that he were able at his makers appointment , to redact the world to nothing , and the nature of any one so eminent , that it far surmounts any part of the visible Creation , what shal we say to those next-to-infinite numbers of mighty , and majestical spirits , wherewith the great God of heaven hath furnished his throne and footstool ? I know not upon what grounds that ( by some , magnified ) Prophetesse , could so precisely compute , that if all men should be reckoned up from the first Adam to the last man that shal stand upon the earth , there might be to each man assigned more then ten Angels ; Ambroses account is yet fuller ; who makes all mankind to be that one lost sheep in the parable , and the Angels ( whose chore the great shepheard left for a time , to come down to this earthly wildernesse ) to be the ninety and nine : Lo here , wel-near an hundred for one ; Yet even that number is poor , in comparison of the reckoning of him , who pretends to fetch it from the chosen vessel rapt into Paradise ; who presumes to tell us there are greater numbers of Angels in every several rank , then there is of the particulars of whatsoever material things in this world ; The Bishop of Herbipolis instanceth boldly in stars , in leaves , in spires of grasse . But , sure I am , had that Dennis of Areopagus been in S. Pauls room , and supplyed his rapture , he could no more have computed the number of Angels , then the best Arithmetician , standing upon an hill , & seeing a huge Xerxes-like Army swarming in the valley , can give a just reckoning of the number of those heads : Surely , when our Saviour speaks of more then twelve legions of Angels , he doth not say , how many ●ore : If those twelve according to Hieroms ( though too short ) computation , amount to seventy-two thousand , the more then twelve were doubtlesse more then many millions ; He that made them can tell us ; The beloved Disciple in Pathmos , as by inspiration from that God , sayes , I beheld , and I heard the voice of many Angels round about the throne , and the Beasts , and the Elders , and the number of them was ten thousand times ten thousand , and thousands of thousands ; now the Elders were but 24. and the Beasts were but four ; all those other thousands were Angels ; and if so many were about his throne , how many do we think were about his missions ? Before him , the Prophet Daniel ( betwixt whom and the Evangelist there is so perfect correspondence , that we may well say , Daniel was the John of the old Testament , and John the Daniel of the new ) hath made the like reckoning ; Thousand thousands ministred unto him , and ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him : But Bildad the Shuhite , in one word sayes more then all , Is there any number of his Armies ? Lo , his Armies are past all number , how much more his several souldiers ? so as it may not perhaps seem hard to beleeve Dionysius , that the Angels of but one rank , are more then can be comprehended by any Arithmetical number ; or Gregory , who determines them numerable only to God that made them , to men innumerable . O great God of heaven , how doth this set forth the infinite majesty of thine omnipotent Deity , to be thus attended ! we judge of the magnificence of Princes according to the number and quality of their retinue and guard , and other their military powers ; and yet each one of these hath an equally absolute life , and being of his own , receiving only a pay from his Soveraign ; What shall we then think of thee the great King of eternal glory , that hast before thy throne , innumerable hosts of powerfull and glorious spirits of thine own making , and upholding ? And how safe are we under so many , and so mighty Protectors ? It might be perhaps well meant , and is confessed to be seconded with much reverend antiquity , the conceit , that each man hath a special Angel designed for his custody ; and if but so , we are secure enough from all the danger of whatsoever hostile machinations ; however this may seem some scanting of the bountiful provision of the Almighty , who hath pleased to expresse his gracious respects to one man in the allotment of many guardians ; For if Jacob speak of one Angel , David speaks of more ; He shall give his Angels charge over thee to keep thee in all thy wayes : And even those which have thought good to abet this piece of Platonick Divinity concerning the single Guardianship of Angels , have yet yielded that according to several relations , each one hath many spiritual keepers : Insomuch as the forecited * Fornerus , late B●shop of Wirtzburg , durst assure his auditors , that each of them had ten Angels at least assigned to his custody ; according to the respects of their subordinate interests , besides their own person , of their Family , Parish , Fraternity , City , Diocese , Countrey , Office , Church , World ; Yet even this computation is niggardly and * pinching , since the abundant store and bounty of the Almighty can as well afford Centuries , as Decades of Guardians ; Howsoever , why should it not be all one to us , since there is no lesse safety in the hands of one then many ; no lesse care of us from many , then from one ? should but one Angel guard millions of men , his power could secure them no lesse then a single charge ; but now that we are guarded with millions of Angels , what can the gates of hell do ? But what number soever be imployed about us ; sure I am that ( together with them ) those that attend the throne of their maker , make up no lesse ( as Nazianzen justly accounts them ) then a world of spirits : A world so much more excellent then this visible , by how much it is more abstracted from our weak senses : O ye blessed spirits , ye are ever by me , ever with me , ever about me ; I do as good as see you for I know you to be here ; I reverence your glorious persons , I blesse God for you ; I walk awfully because I am ever in your eyes , I walk confidently because I am ever in your hands . How should I be ashamed that in this piece of Theology , I should be out-bid by very Turks , whose Priests shut up their Devotions with an precatory mention of your presence , as if this were the upshot of all blessings ; I am sure it is that , wherein , next to my God and Saviour , I shall ever place my greatest comfort and confidence , neither hath earth or heaven any other besides , that looks like it . SECT. IV. The power of Angels . MUltitudes even of the smallest and weakest creatures have been able to produce great effects : The swarms of but Flies and Lice could amate the great and mighty King of Egypt : all his forces could not free him , and his Peers from so impotent adversaries : but when multitude is seconded with strength , how must it needs be irresistible ? so it is in these blessed spirits , even their omnipotent maker ( who best knows what is derived from him ) styles them by his Apostle , Powers , and by his Psalmist , mighty ones in strength : A small force seems great to the weak , but that power which is commended by the Almighty , must needs be transcendently great : we best judge of powerfulnesse by the effects ; How suddainly had one Angel dispatched every first-born in Egypt , and after them , the hundred fourscore and five thousand of the proud Assyrian Army : and if each man had been a Legion , with what ease had it been done by that potent spirit ? Neither are they lesse able to preserve then to destroy ; That of Aquinas is a great word , One Angel is of such power , that be were able to govern all the corporeall creatures of the world : Justly was it exploded , as the wild heresie of Simon Magus and his clients , the Meand●ians , that the Angels made the world ; No , this was the sole work of him that made them ; but , if we say that it pleases God by their ministration to sway and order the marvailous affairs of this great Universe , we shall not , I suppose , vary from truth ; If we look to the highest part thereof , Philosophers have gone so far as to teach us , ( that which is seconded by the allowance of some great Divines ) that these blessed Intelligences are they by whose agency under their Almighty Creator , the heavens and the glorious luminaries thereof continue their ever-constant and regular motions ; And , if there fall out any preternaturall immutations in the elements , any strange concussations of the earth , any direfull prodigies in the skie , whither should they be imputed but to these mighty Angels , whom it pleaseth the most high God to imploy in these extraordinary services ? That dreadfull magnificence which was in the delivering of the Law on Mount Sinai , in fire , smoak , thundrings , lightnings , voices , earthquakes , whence was it but by the operation of Angels ? And indeed as they are the nearest both in nature and place , to the majesty of the highest , so it is most proper for them to participate most of his power , and to exercise it in obedience to his Soveraignty ; As therefore he is that infinite Spirit , who doth all things , and can do no more then all , so they ( as his immediate subordinates ) are the means whereby he executeth his illimited power in and upon this whole created world . Whence it is , that in their glorious appearances , they have been taken for Jehovah himself , by Hagar , by Manoah and his wife , yea , by the better eyes of the Father of the faithfull . Now , Lord , what a protection hast thou provided for thy poor worms , and not men , creeping here on thine earth ; and what can we fear in so mighty , and sure hands ? He that passeth with a strong convoy through a wild and perilous desert , scorns the danger of wild beasts or robbers , no lesse then if he were in a strong tower at home ; so do we the onsets of the powers of darknesse , whiles we are thus invincibly guarded . When God promised Moses that an Angel should goe before Israel , and yet withall threatned the subduction of his own presence , I marvel not if the holy man were no lesse troubled , then if they had been left destitute and guardless , and that he ceased not his importunity , till he had won the gracious ingagement of the Almighty for his presence in that whole expedition : For what is the greatest Angel in heaven without his maker ? But let thy favour , O God , order and accompany the deputation of the lowest of thine Angels ; what can all the troops of hell hurt us ? Assoon may the walls of heaven be scaled , and thy throne deturbed , as he can be foiled that is defenced with thy power : Were it possible to conceive that the Almighty should be but a looker on in the conflict of spirits , we know that the good Angels have so so much advantage of their strength as they have of their station ; neither could those subdued spirits stand in the incounter ; but now , he that is strong in our weaknesse , is strong in their strength for us : blessed be God for them , as the Author of them , and their protection ; Blessed be they under God as the means used by him for our protection , and blessings . SECT. V. The knowledge of Angels . IF Sampson could have had his full strength in his mill , when he wanted his eyes , it would have little availed him ; such is power without knowledge ; but where both of these concur in one , how can they fail of effect ? Whether of these is more eminent in the blessed spirits , it is not easie to determine ; so perfectly knowing are they , as that the very heathen Philosophers have styled them by the name of Intelligences , as if their very being were made up of understanding ; Indeed what is there in this whole compass of the large Universe that is hid from their eyes ? only the closet of mans heart is lockt up from them , as reserved solely to their maker ; yet so , as that ●hey can by some insensible chinks of those secret notifications which fall from us , look into them also ; all other things , whether secrets of nature , or closest counsels or events , are as open to their sight as the most visible objects are to ours : They do not ( as we mortals are wont ) look through the dim and horny spectacle o● senses , or understand by the mediation of Phantasms : but rather , as clear mirrours , they receive at once the full representations of all intelligible things ; having besides that connaturall light , which is universally in them all , certain speciall illuminations from the Father of lights . Even we men think we know something , neither may our good ▪ God lose the thank of his bounty this way : but alas , he that is reputed to have known most of all the heathen , whom * some have styled the Genius of nature could confesse that the clearest understanding is to those things which are most manifest , but as a bats eyes to the Sun : Do we see but a worm crawling under our feet , we know not what that is , which in it self gives it a being ; Do we hear but a Bee humming about our ears , the greatest Naturalist cannot know whether that noise come from within the body , or from the mouth , or from the wings of that Flie : How can we then hope , or pretend to know those things which are abstruse , and remote ? But these heavenly spirits do not only know things as they are in themselves , and in their inward and immediate causes , but do clearly see the first and universal cause of all things ; and that in his glorious essence ; how much more do they know our shallow dispositions , affections , inclinations , ( which peer out of the windows of our hearts ) together with all perils , and events that are incident unto us ? We walk therefore amids not more able then watchfull overseers ; and so are we lookt thorough in all our wayes , as if heaven were all eyes ; Under this blessed vigilancy , if the powers of hell can either surprize us with suddainnesse , or circumvent us with subtlety , let them not spare to use their advantage . But oh ye tutelar spirits , ye well know our weaknesse and their strength , our sillinesse and their craft , their deadly machinations and our miserable obnoxiousnesse ; neither is your love to markinde , and fidelity to your maker , any whit lesse then your knowledge , so as your charge can no more miscarry under your hands and eyes , then your selves . As you do alwayes enjoy the beatifical vision of your maker , so your eye is never off from his little ones your blessednesse is no more separable from our safety , then you from your blessednesse . SECT. VI . The imployments and operations of Angels . EVen while we see you not , O ye blessed spirits , we know what ye do : He that made you hath told us your task : As there are many millions of you attending the all-glorious throne of your Creator , and singing perpetual Hallelujahs to him in the highest heavens ; so there are innumerable numbers of you imployed in governing and ordering the creature ; in guarding the elect , in executing the commands which ye receive from the Almighty ; what variety is here of your assistance ? One while ye lead us in our way , as ye did Israel : another while ye instruct us , as ye did Daniel : one while ye fight for us , as ye did for Joshua , and Judas Maccabaeus : another while ye purvey for us , as for Elias : one while ye fit us to our holy vocation , as ye did to Esay : another while ye dispose of the opportunities of our calling for good , as ye did of Philips to the Eunuch : one while ye foretell our danger , as to Lot , to Joseph and Mary : another while ye comfort our affliction , as to Hagar : one while ye oppose evil projects against us , as to Balaam : another while ye will be striven with for a blessing , as with Jacob : one while ye resist our offensive courses , as to Moses ; another while ye incourage us in our devotions , as ye did Paul , and Silas , and Cornelius : one while ye deliver from durance , as Peter : another while ye preserve us from danger and death , as the three children : one while ye are ready to restrain our presumption , as the Cherub before the gate of Paradise : another while to excite our courage , as to Elias and Theodosius : one while to refresh and chear us in our sufferings , as to the Apostles ; another while to prevent our sufferings , as to Jacob , in the pursuit of Laban and Esau , to the Sages in the pursuit of Herod : one while ye cure our bodies , as at the pool of Bethesda ; another while ye carry up our souls to glory , as ye did to Lazarus : It were endlesse to instance in all the gracious offices which ye perform ; Certainly there are many thousand events , wherein common eyes see nothing but nature , which yet are effected by the ministration of Angels : when Abraham sent his servant to procure a wife for his son , from amongst his own cognation ; the messenger saw nothing but men like himself ; but Abraham saw an Angel fore-contriving the work ; God ( saith he ) shal send his Angel before thee , that thou mayest take a wife thence ; when the Israelites forcibly by dint of sword expelled the Canaanites , and Amorites , and the other branded nations , nothing appeared but their own arms ; but the Lord of hosts could say , I will send mine Angel before thee , by whom I shall drive them thence : Balaam saw his Asse disorderly starting in the path ; he that formerly had seen Visions , now sees nothing but a wall , and a way , but in the mean time , his Asse , ( who for the present had more of the Prophet then his Master ) could see an Angel and a sword . The Sodomites went groping in the street for Lots door , and misse it ; they thought of nothing but some suddain dizzinesse of brain , that disappointed them , we know it was an Angel that stroke them with blindenesse : Nothing appeared when the Egyptian first-born were struck dead in one night ; the Astrologers would perhaps say they were Planet-struck , we know it was done by the hand of an Angel : Nothing was seen at the pool of Bethesda , but a moved water , when the suddain cures were wrought , which perhaps might be attributed to some beneficiall constellation ; we know that an Angel descended , and made the water thus sanative : G●hezi saw his master strangely preserved from the Aramite troops , but had not his eyes been opened by the Prophets prayers , he had not seen whence that aid came : Neither is it otherwise in the frequent experiments of our life ; Have we been raised up from deadly sicknesses , when all naturall helps have given us up ? Gods Angels have been our secret Physitians ; Have we had instinctive intimations of the death of some absent friends , which no humane intelligence hath bidden us to suspect , who but our Angels hath wrought it ? have we been preserved from mortall dangers which we could not tell how by our providence to have evaded ? our invisible Guardians have done it . I see no reason to dislike that observation of Gerson ; Whence is it ( saith he ) that little children are conserved from so many perils of their infancy ; fire , water , falls , suffocations , but by the agency of Angels ? Surely , where we find a probability of second causes in nature , we are apt to confine our thoughts from looking higher ; yet even there many times are unseen hands : had we seen the house fall upon the heads of Jobs children , we should perhaps have attributed it to the natural force of a vehement blast , when now we know it was the work of a spirit : Had we seen those thousands of Israel falling dead of the plague , we should have complain'd of some strange infection in the air , when David saw the Angel of God acting in that mortality : Humane reason is apt to be injuriously saucie , in ascribing those things to an ordinary course of natural causes , which the God of nature doth by supernatural agents . A master of Philosophy travelling with others on the way ▪ when a fearfull thunder-storm arose , checked the fear of his fellows , and discoursed to them of the naturall reasons of that uprore in the clouds , and those suddain flashes wherewith they seemed ( out of the ignorances of causes ) to be too much affrighted ; in the midst of his philosophicall discourse , he was strucken dead with that dreadfull eruption which he sleighted ; what could this be but the finger of that God , who will have his works rather entertained with wonder , and trembling , then with curious scanning ; Neither is it otherwise in those violent Huracans , devouring earthquakes , and more then ordinary tempests , and fiery apparitions which we have seen and heard of ; for however there be natural causes given of the usual events of this kinde , yet nothing hinders , but that the Almighty for the manifestation of his power and justice , may set spirits whether good or evil , on work to do the same things sometimes with more state and magnificence of horrour : like as we see Frogs bred ordinarily , both out of putrefaction , and generation , and yet ( when it was ) for a plague to Egypt , they were supernaturally produced ; Hail ; an ordinary meteore ; murrain of Cattel an ordinary disease , yet for a plague to obdured Pharaoh miraculously wrought . Neither need there be any great difficulty in discerning when such like events run in a natural course , and when spirits are actors in them ; the manner of their operation , the occasions and effects of them shall soon discry them to a judicious eye ; for when we shall finde that they do manifestly deviate from the road of nature , and work above the power of secondary causes , it is easie to determine them to be of an higher efficiency . I could instance irrefragrably in severall tempests and thunderstorms ( which to the unspeakable terrour of the inhabitants ) were , in my time , seen heard , felt , in the Western parts ; wherein the translocation , and transportation of huge massy stones , and irons of the Churches above the possibility of naturall distance , together with the strange preservation of the persons assembled , with other accidents sensibly accompanying those astonishing works of God , ( still fresh in the minds of many ) shewed them plainly to be wrought by a stronger hand then natures . * And whither else should we ascribe many events which ignorance teacheth us to wonder at in silence : If murders be descryed by the fresh bleeding of cold , and almost putrefied carcasses : If a man by some strong instinct be warned to change that lodging , which he constantly held for some years , and findes his wonted sleeping place that night crushed with the unexpected fall of an unsuspected contignation : If a man distressed with care for the missing of an important evidence ( † such a one I have known ) shal be informed in his dream , in what hole of his Dove-cote he shall find it hid : If a man without all observation of Physical criticisms , shall receive and give intelligence many dayes before , what hour shal be his last , to what cause can we attribute these , but to our attending Angels ? If a man shall in his dream ( as Marcus Aurelius Antoninus professes ) receive the prescript of the remedy of his disease , which the Physitians it seems could not cure ; whence can this be but by the suggestion of spirits ? And surely , since I am convinced that their unfelt hands are in many occurrences of my life ; I have learned so much wit and grace , as rather to yeeld them too much then too little stroke in ordering all my concernments : O ye blessed spirits , many things I know ye do for me , which I discern not , whiles ye do them ; but after they are done : and many things ye may do more which I know not ; I blesse my God and yours , as the author of all ye doe ; I blesse you as the means of all that is done by you for me . SECT. VII . The Degrees and Orders of Angels . HEaven hath nothing in it but perfection ; but even perfection it self hath degrees as the glorified souls , so the blessed Angels have their heights of excellency and glory : He will be known for the God of Order , observeth no doubt a most exact order in his Court of heaven , nearest to the residence of his Majesty . Equality hath no place , either in earth or in hell ; we have no reason to seek it in heaven . He that was rapt into the third heaven can tell us of Thrones , Dominions , Principalities , Angels and Arch-angels in that region of blessednesse . We cannot be so simple , as to think these to be but one classe of spirits ; doubtlesse they are distinctions of divers orders : But what their severall ranks , offices , employments are , he were not more wise that could tell , then he is bold that dare speak : What modest indignation can forbear stamping at the presumption of those men , who , as if upon Domingo Gonsales his engine , they had been mounted by his Gansaes from the Moon to the Empyreall heaven , and admitted to be the heralds , or masters of ceremonies in that higher world , have taken upon them to marshall these Angelicall spirits into their severall rooms ; proportioning their stations , dignities , services , according to the model of earthly Courts ; disposing them into Ternions of three generall Hierarchies , the first relating to the immediate attendance of the Almighty ; the other two to the government of the Creature , both generall , and particular . In the first , of Assistents , placing the Seraphim as Lords of the chamber ; Cherubim , as Lords of the cabinet-counsel ; Thrones as entire Favourites , in whom the Almighty placeth his rest . In the second of universall Regency ; finding Dominions to be the great Officers of State , who , as Chancellours , Marshals , Treasurers , govern the affairs of the world , Mights , to be the Generals of the heavenly Militia : Powers , as the Judges Itinerant , that serve for generall retributions of good and evil . In the third of speciall government , placing Principalities as rulers of severall Kingdoms and Provinces ; Archangels , as guardians to severall Cities and Countreys ; and lastly , Angels as guardians of several persons : And withall presuming to define the differences of degrees , in each order above other , in respect of the goodlinesse , and excellency of their nature ; making the Arch-angels no lesse then ten times to surpasse the beauty of Angels ; Principalities , twenty times above the Arch-angels ; Powers , forty times more then Principalities : Mights , fifty more then Powers : Domininions , sixty above Mights : Thrones , seventy above Dominions : Cherubim , eighty above thrones : Seraphim , ninety times exceeding the Cherubim . For me , I must crave leave to wonder at this boldnesse : and professe my self as far to seek whence this learning should come , as how to beleeve it : I do verily beleeve there are divers orders of celestial spirits : I beleeve they are not to be beleeved that dare to determine them : especially when I see him that was rapt into the third heaven , varying the order of their places in his severall mentions of them : Neither can I trust to the Revelation of that Sainted Prophetesse who hath ranged the degrees of the beatitude of glorified souls , into the several chores of these heavenly Hierarchies , according to their dispositions , and demeanures here on earth ; admitting those who have been charitably helpfull to the poor , sick , strangers , into the orb of Angels : Those who have given themselves to meditation and prayer , to the rank of Archangels ; those who have vanquished all offensive lusts in themselves , to the order of Principalities ; to the height of Powers , those , whose care and vigilance hath restrained from evil , and induced to good such as have been committed to their oversight and governance . To the place of Mights , those who for the honour of God , have undauntedly and valiantly suffered ; and whose patience hath triumphed over evils : To the company of Dominions those who prefer poverty to riches , and devoutly conform their wills in all things to their Makers : To the society of Thrones , those , who do so inure themselves to the continuall contemplation of heavenly things , as that they have disposed their hearts to be a fit resting place for the Almighty ; To the honour of Cherubim , those who convey the benefit of their heavenly meditations unto the souls of others : Lastly , to the highest eminence of Seraphim , those who love God with their whole heart , and their neighbour for God , and their enemies in God ; and feel no wrongs but those which are done to their Maker . I know not whether this soaring conceit be more seemingly pious , then really presumptuous ; since it is evident enough , that these graces do incur into each other , and are not possible to be severed : He that loves God cannot choose but be earnestly desirous to communicate his graces unto others , cannot but have his heart taken up with divine contemplation ; the same man cannot but overlook earthly things , and courageously suffer for the honour of his God : Shortly , he cannot but be vigilant over his own wayes , and helpfull unto others : Why should I presume to divide those vertues , or rewards which God will have inseparably conjoyned ? And what a strange confusion were this , in stead of an heavenly order of remuneration ? Sure I am , that the least degree both of Saints and Angels is blessednesse : But for those stairs of Glory , it were too ambitious in me to desire either to climb , or know them : It is enough for me to rest in the hope that I shall once see them ; in the mean time , let me be learnedly ignorant , and incuriously devout , silently blessing the power and wisdom of my infinite Creator , who knows how to honour himself by all these glorious , and unrevealed subordinations . SECT. VIII . The apparitions of Angels . WEre these celestiall spirits , though never so many , never so powerfull , never so knowing , never so excellently glorious , meer strangers to us , what were their number , power , knowledge , glory unto us ? I hear of the great riches , state and magnificence of some remote Eastern Monarchs , what am I the better , whiles in this distance their port and affairs are not capable of any relation to me ? To me it is all one not to be , and not to be concerned : Let us therefore diligently inquire , what mutual communion there is , or may be betwixt these blessed spirits and us . And first , nothing is more plain , then that the Angels of God have not alwayes been kept from mortall eyes under an invisible concealment , but sometimes have condescended so low , as to manifest their presence to men in visible forms , not naturall but assumed . I confesse I have not faith enough to beleeve many of those apparitions that are pretended . I could never yet know what other to think of * Socrates his Genius ; which ( as himself reports ) was wont to check him , when he went about any unmee● enterprise , and to forward him in good : For the modern times , it is too hard to credit the report of Doway letters concerning our busie neighbour P●re Cotton , that he had ordinary conference and conversation with Angels , both his own tutelar , and those generall of Provinces : If so , what need was there for him to have propounded fifty questions , partly of Divinity , partly of Policy , to the resolution of a Demoniack ? Who can be so fondly credulous , as to believe that Jo. Carrera a young father of the Society , had a daily companion of his Angell in so familiar a fashion , as to propound his doubts to that secret friend , to receive his answers , to take his advise upon all occasions ; to be raised by him every morning from his bed , to his early devotions ; till once delaying caused , for a time , an intermission ; Or that the aged Cappuchin Franciscus de Bergamo ( noted for the eleven pretious stones which were found in his gall ) had for eight years together before his death , the assistance of an Angel in humane shape for the performing of his Canonicall hours ; Or , that the Angels helped their S. Gudwal , and S. Oswald Bishop of Worcester to say his masse ; Or ▪ that Isidore the late Spanish Peasant ( newly Sainted amongst good company by Greg. the 15. ) serving an hard master , had an Angell to make up his daily task at his plough , whiles the good soul was at his publique devotions ; like as another Angel supplyed Felix , the Lay Cappuchin , in tending his Cattle : Or that Francisca Romana ( lately Canonized ) had two Celestial spirits , visibly attending her , the one of the order of Archangels , which never left her : the other of the fourth order of Angels , who frequently presented himself to her view : their attire , sometimes white , sometimes blew , purple more rarely ; their tresses of hair , long , and golden , as the over-credulous Bishop of Wirtzburge reports from Gulielmus Baldesanus , not without many improbable circumstances ; these and a thousand more of the s●me branne , finde no more belief with me , then that story , which Franciscus Albertinus relates out of Baronius , as done here at home ; that in the year 1601. in England , there was an Angel seen upon one of our Altars , ( and therefore more likely to be known in our own Island , then beyond the Alps ) in a visible form , with a naked sword in his hand , which he glitteringly brandished up and down , foyning sometimes , and sometimes striking ; thereby threatning so long ago an instant destruction to this Kingdome . And indeed , why should we yeeld more credit to these pretenders of apparitions , then to Adelbertus the German Heres●arch , condemned in a Councel of Rome , by Pope Zacharie , who gave no lesse confidently out , that his Angel-guardian appeared daily to him , and imparted to him many divine Revelations , and directions ? or if there be a difference pleaded in the relations , where or how shal we finde it ? This we know , that so sure as we see men , so sure we are that holy men have seen Angels ; Abraham saw Angels in his Tent dore : Lot saw Angels in the Gate of Sodome : Hagar in the Wildernesse of Beersheba : Jacob in the way : Moses in the bush of Horeb : Manoah and his wife in the field : Gideon in his threshing flore : David by the threshing flore of Araunah : What should I mention the Prophets , Elijah , Elisha , Esay , Daniel , Zachary , Ezekiel , and the rest ? In the new Testament , Joseph , Mary , Zachariah the father of John Baptist , the Shepheards , Mary Magdalen , the gazing Disciples at the Mount of Olives , Peter , Philip , Cornelius , Paul , John the Evangelist , were all blessed with the sight of Angels . In the succeeding times of the Church Primitive , I dare beleeve that good Angels were no whit more sparing of their presence for the comfort of holy Martyrs and Confessors under the pressure of tyranny for the dear name of their Saviour : I doubt not but constant Theodorus saw and felt the refreshing hand of the Angel , no lesse then he reported to Julian his persecutor : I doubt not but the holy Virgins , Theophila , Agnes , Lucia , Cecilia , and others , saw the good Angels protectors of their chastity . As one that hath learned in these cases to take the mid-way betwixt distrust , and credulity ; I can easily yield that those retired Saints of the prime ages of the Church had sometimes such heavenly companions , for the consolation of their forced solitude ; But withall , I must have leave to hold that the el●er the ●ch grew , the more rare was the use of these apparitions , as of other miraculous actions , and events : Not that the arm of our God is shortned , or his care and love to his beloved ones , any whit abated : but for that his Church is now in this long processe of time setled , through his gracious providence , in an ordinary way . Like as it was with his Israelites , who whiles they were in their longsome passage , were miraculously preserved , and protected , but when they came once to be fixed in the land of promise , their Angelical sustenance ceased ; they then must purvey for their own food , and either till , or famish . Now then in these later ages of the Church , to have the visible apparition of a good Angell , it is a thing so geason and uncouth , that it is enough for all the world to wonder at : Some few instances our times have been known to yield : Amongst others , that is memorable which Philip Melanchton as an eye-witnesse reports . Simon Grynaeus a learned and holy man , coming from Heidelburg to Spire ; was desirous to hear a certain Preacher in that City , who in his Sermon ( it seems ) did then let fall-some erroneous propositions of Popish doctrine , much derogatory from the majesty and truth of the Son of God ; wherewith Grynaeus being not a little offended , craved speedy conference with the Preacher , and laying before him the falshood and danger of his doctrines , exhorted him to an abandoning , and retractation of those mis-opinions ; the Preacher gave good words and fair semblance to Grynaeus , desiring further and more particular conference with him , each imparted to other their names and lodgings ; yet inwardly , as being stung with that just reproof , he resolved a revenge by procuring the imprisonment , and ( if he ●ight ) the death of so sharp a censurer : Grynaeus misdoubting nothing , upon his return to his lodging , reports the passages of the late conference to those who sate at the Table with him ; amongst whom Melancthon being one , was called out of the Room to speak with a stranger , newly come into the house ; going forth accordingly , he finds a grave old man of a goodly countenance ; seemly , and richly attired ; who in a friendly and grave manner tells him , that within one hour , there would come to their Inne , certain Officers , as from the King of the Romans to attach Grynaeus , and to carry him to prison ; willing him to charge Grynaeus , with all possible speed to flee out of Spires ; and requiring Melancthon to see that this advantage were not neglected ; which said , the old man vanished out of his sight : Instantly Melancthon returning to his companions , recounted unto them the words of this strange Monitor ; and hastned the departure of Grynaeus accordingly ; who had no sooner boated himself on the Rhine , then he was eagerly searcht for at his said lodging ; That worthy Divine in his Commentary upon Daniel , both relates the story , and acknowledges Gods fatherly providence in sending this Angell of his , for the rescue of his faithfull servant : Others , though not many of this kinde , are reported by Simon Goulartius in his collection of admirable and memorable histories of our time ; whither for brevity sake I refer my Reader . But more often hath it faln out , that evill spirits have visibly presented themselves in the glorious forms of good Angels ; as to Simeon Stylites , to Pachomius , to Valens the Monk , to Rathodus Duke of Freezland , to Macarius , to Gertrude in Westphalia , with many others ; as we finde in the reports of Ruffinus Vincentius , Caesarius Palladius : and the like delusions may still be set on foot , whiles Satan , who loves to transform himself into an Angell of Light , laboureth by these means to noursle silly souls in superstition : too many whereof have swallowed the bait , though others have descried the book : Amongst the rest , I like well the humility of that Hermite , into whose Cell , when the Divel presented himself , in a goodly and glittering form , and told him that he was an Angell sent to him from God ; the Hermite turned him off with this plain answer , See thou whence thou comest ; for me , I am not worthy to be visited with such a guest as an Angel . But the trade that we have with good spirits is not now driven by the eye , but is like to themselves , spiritual : Yet not so , but that even in bodily occasions , we have many times insensible helps from them in such manner , as that by the effects , we can boldly say , Here hath been an Angel though we saw him not . Of this kind was that ( no less then miraculous ) cure , which at S. Madernes in Cornwall , was wrought upon a poor Cripple * whereof ( besides the attestation of many hundreds of the neighbours ) I took a strict and personall examination , in that * last visitation which I either did , or ever shall hold : This man , that for sixteen years together was fain to walk upon his hands , by reason of the close contraction of the sinews of his legs , was , ( upon three monitions in his dream to wash in that well ) suddainly so restored to his limbs , that I saw him able both to walk , and to get his own maintenance ; I found here was neither art nor collusion , the thing done , the Author invisible . The like may we say of John Spangenberge Pastour of Northeuse ; no sooner was that man stept out of his house , with his family to go to the Bayns , then the house fell right down in the place : Our own experience at home is able to furnish us with divers such instances : How many have we known that have faln from very high towers , and into deep pits , past the naturall possibility of hope , who yet have been preserved not from death only , but from hurt : whence could these things be , but by the secret aid of those invisible helpers ? It were easie to fill Volumes with particulars of these kinds ; but the main care , and most officious endeavours of these blessed spirits are employed about the better part , the soul ; in the instilling of good motions ; enlightning the understanding , repelling of temptations , furthering our opportunities of good , preventing occasions of sin , comforting our sorrows , quickning our dulnesse , incouraging our weaknesse ; and lastly , after all carefull attendance here below , conveying the souls of their charge , to their glory , and presenting them to the hands of their faithfull Creator . It is somewhat too hard to beleeve , that there have been ocular witnesses of these happy Convoys ; Who lists may credit that which Hierom tells us , that Antony the Hermit saw the soul of his partner in that solitude ( Paul ) carried up by them to heaven ; that Severinus Bishop of Colein saw the soul of S. Martin thus transported , as Gregory reports in his Dialogues ; That Benedict saw the soul of Germanus in the form of a fiery globe thus conveyed ; What should I speak of the souls of the holy martyrs , Tiburtius , Valerian , Maximus , Marcellinus , Justus , Quintinus , Severus , and others : we may if we please ( we need not unlesse we list ) give way to these reports , to which our faith obliges us not : In these cases we go not by eye-sight : but we are well assured the soul of Lazarus was by these glorious spirits carried up into the bosome of Abraham , neither was this any priviledge of his above all other the Saints of God ; all which as they land in one common harbour of blessednesse , so they all participate of one happy means of portage . SECT. IX . The respects which we owe to the Angels . SUch are the respects of good Angels to us ; now what is ours to them ? It was not amisse said of one , that the life of Angels is politicall , full of intercourse with themselves and with us : What they return to each other in the course of their Theophanies , is not for us to determine ; but since their good offices are thus assiduous unto us , it is meet we do inquire what duties are requirable from us to them . Devout Bernard is but too liberall in his decision , that we owe to these beneficient spirits reverence for their presence , devotion for their love ; and trust for their custody . Doubtlesse , we ought to be willing to give unto them so much as they will be willing to take from us : if we go beyond these bounds , we offend , and alienate them : to derogate from them is not so hainous in their account , as to overho●our them . S. John proffers an humble geniculation to the Angell , and is put off , with a See thou do it not , I am thy fellow servant : The excesses of respects to them , have turned to abominable impiety ; which howsoever Hierome sems to impute to the Jews , eve● since the Prophets time , yet Simon Magus was the first that we finde guilty of this impious flattery of the Angels ; who fondly holding that the world was made by them , could not ●hink fit to present them with lesse then divine honour : H● cursed cholar , Menander , ( whose errour Prateolus wrongfully fathers upon Aristotle ) succeeding him in that wicked heresie , as Eusebius tels us , left behind him Saturnius , not inferiour to him in this frenzie ; who ( as Tertullian and Philastrius report him ) fancied together with his mad fellows , that seven Angels made the world , not acquainting God with their work : What should I name blasphemous Cerinthus , who durst disparage Christ in comparison with Angels ? Not altogether so bad were those hereticks ( though bad enough ) which took their ancient denomination from the Angels ; who professing true Christianity and detestation of Idolatry , ( as having learned that God only is to be worshipped properly ) yet reserved a certain kind of adoration to the blessed Angels ; Against this opinion and practice , the great Doctour of the Gentiles seems to bend his style , in his Epistle to the Colossians , forbidding a voluntary humility in worshipping of Angels ; whether grounded upon the superstition of ancient Jews , as Hierom and Anselm ; or upon the Ethnick Philosophie of some Platonick , as Estius and Cornel●us à Lapide imagine ; or upon the damnable conceits of the Simonians and Cerinthians , as Tertullian , we need not much to inquire ; nothing is more clear then the Apostles inhibition ▪ afterward seconded by the Synod of Laodicea ; whereto yet Theodorets noted Commentary would seem to give more light ▪ who tels us that upon the ill use made of the giving of the ●aw by the hands of Angels , there was an errour of old maintained , of Angel-worship , which still continued in Phrygia and Pisidia , so that a Sinod was hereupon assembled at Laodicea , the chief City of Phrygia ; which by a direct Canon forbad praying to Angels ; a practice ( saith he ) so setled amongst them that even to this day there are to be seen amongst them , and their neighbours the Oratories of S. Mi●hael . Here then was this mishumility , that they thought it too much boldnesse to come ●mmediately to God , but that we must first make way to his favour by the mediation of Angels ; a testimony so pregnant , that I wonder not if Caranza flee into corners ; and all the fautors of Angel-worship be driven to hard shifts to avoid it : But what do I with controversies ? This devotion we do gladly professe to owe to good Angels , that though we do not pray unto them , yet we do pray to God for the favour of their assistance , and protection ; and praise God for the protection that we have from them : That faithfull Patriarch , of whom the whole Church of God receives denomination , knew well , what he said , when he gave this blessing to his Grand-children : The Angell that redeemed me from all evill , blesse the children : whether this were an interpretative kind of imploration , as Becanus and Lorichius contend ; or whether ( as is no lesse probable ) this Angel were not any created power , but the great Angell of the Covenant ; the same which Jacob wrestled with before , for a blessing upon himself , as Athanasius and Cyril well conceive it , I will not here dispute ; sure I am , that if it were an implicit prayer , and the Angell mentioned , a creature ; yet the intention was no other then to terminate that prayer in God , who blesseth us by his Angel . Yet further , we come short of our dutie to these blessed Spirits , if we entertain not in our hearts an high and venerable conceit of their wonderfull majesty , glory , and greatnesse : and an awfull acknowledgment and reverentiall awe of their presence ▪ an holy joy , and confident assurance of their care and protection ; and lastly , a fear to doe ought that might cause them to turn away their faces , in dislike , from us : All these dispositions are copulative : for certainly , if we have conceived so high an opinion of their excellency , and goodnesse as we ought ; we cannot but be bold upon their mutuall interest , and be afraid to displease them : Nothing in the world but our sins can distaste them : They look upon our natural infirmities , deformities , loathsomnesses , without any offence , or nauseation : but our spirituall indispositions are odious to them ▪ as those which are opposite to their pure natures . The story is famous of the Angell and the Hermite , walking together ; in the way there lay an il-sented and poisonous carrion , the Hermite stopt his nose , and turned away his head , hasting out of that offensive air , the Angell held on his pace , without any shew of dislik : straightway they met with a proud man , gaily dressed , strongly perfumed , looking high , walking stately , the Angell turned away his head , and stopt his nosthrils , whiles the Hermite passed on not without reverence to so great a person : and gave this reason ; that the stench of pride was more loathsome to God and his Angels , then that of the carcass , could be to him . I blush to think , O ye glorious spirits , how often I have done that whereof ye have been ashamed for me ; I abhor my self to recount your just dislikes ; and do willingly professe , how unworthy I shall be of such friends , if I be not hereafter jealous of your just offence . Neither can I without much regret , thinke of those many and horrible nuisances , which you find every moment from sinfull mankind : Wo is me , what odious sents arise to you perpetually from those bloody murders , beastly uncleannesses , cruell oppressions , noisome disgorgings of surfeits , and drunkennesses , abominable Idolatries , and all manner of detestable wickednesses , presumptuously committed every where ; enough to make you abhorre the presence and protection of debauched and deplored mortality . But for us that are better principled , and know what it is to be over-lookt by holy and glorious spirits , we desire and care to be more tender of your offence then of a world of visible spectatours : And if the Apostle found it requisite to give such charge , for but the observation of an outward decencie ; not much beyond the lists of indifferencie , because of the Angels ; what should our care be in relation to those blessed spirits , of our deportment in matter of morality , and religion ? Surely , O ye invisible Guardians , it is not my sense that shall make the difference , it shall be my desire to be no lesse carefull of displeasing you , then if I saw you present by me , cloathed in flesh : Neither shall I rest lesse assured of your gracious presence and tuition , and the expectation of all spirituall offices from you , which may tend towards my blessednesse , then I am now sensible of the ●nimation of my own soul . THE INVISIBLE WORLD . The Second BOOK . SECT. I. Of the Souls of Men . Of their separation and Immortality . NExt to these Angelicall Essences , the souls of men , whether in the body , or severed ●rom it , are those spirits which people the invisible world ●ex● to them , I say ▪ not the s●me with them , not bett●r Those of the ancient which have thought that the ruine of Angels is to be supplyed by ●lessed souls , spake doubtless without the book ; for he that is the truth it self hath said , they be ( {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ) like , not the same : And justly are those ●xploded , whether Pythago●eans , or Stoicks , or Gnost●cks , or Manichees , or Alma●icus ▪ or ( if Lactantius himself were in that errour , as Ludovicus Vives construes him ) who falsly dreamed that the souls of ●en were of the substance of that God , which inspired them ; These errours are more ●it for Ellebore , then for Theologicall conviction : spirituall substances doubtlesse they ●re , and such as have no lesse distant originall from the body , then heaven is from earth : Galen was not a better Physi●●an then an ill Divine , whiles ●e determines the soul to be the complexion and temperament of the prime qualities ; no other then that harmony which the elder Naturalists dreamed of , an opinion no lesse brutish ; then such a soul : For how can temperamet be the cause of any progressive motion ; much lesse of a rationall discourse ? Here is no materiality , no physicall composition in this inmate of ours ; nothing but a substantiall act , an active spirit , a spirituall form of the king of all visible creatures : But as for the Essence , originall derivation , powers , faculties , operations of this humane soul as it is lodged in this clay , I leave them to the disquisition of the great Secretaries of Nature ; my way lyes higher , leading me from the common consideration of this spirit , as it is clogged with flesh , unto the meditation of it , as it is devested of this earthly case , and clothed with an eternity whether of joy or torment : We will begin with happinesse , ( our fruition whereof ( I hope ) shall never end , ) if first we shall have spent some thoughts upon the generall condition of this separation . That the soul after separation from the body , hath an independent life of its owne ; is so clear a truth , that the very heathen Philosophers , by the dimme light of nature have determined it for irrefragable : In so much as Aristotle himself ( who is wont to hear ill for his opinion of the soules mortality ) is confidently reported to have written a book of the Soul Separate , which Thomas Aquinas in his ( so late ) age professes to have seen : Sure I am , that his Master Plato , and that heathen Martyr , Socrates ( related by him ) are full of divine discourses of this kind . In so much as this latter , when Crito was asking him how he would be buried : I perceive ( said he ) I have lost much labour , for I have not yet perswaded my Crito , that I shall flye clear away , and leave nothing behind me ; meaning that the soul is the man , and would be ever it self , when his body should have no being : And in Xenophon ( as Cicero cites him ) Cyprus is brought in saying thus , Nolite arbitrari , &c. Think not my dear sons ▪ that when I shall depart from you , I shall then cease to have any being ; for even whiles I was with you ye saw not that soul which I had , but yet ye well saw by those things which I did , that there was a soul within this body : Beleeve ye therefore , that though ye shall see no soul of mine , yet that it still shall have a being . Shortly , all but an hatefull Epicurus , have astipulated to this truth : And if some have fa●cied a transmigration of souls into other bodies , others , a passage to the stars which formerly governed them ; others , to I know not what Elysian fields ; all have pitched upon a separate condition . And indeed not Divinity only , but true natural reason will necessarily evince it : For the intellective soul being a more spirituall substance , and therefore having in it no composition at all , and by consequence , nothing that may tend towards a not-being , can be no other ( supposing the will and concurrence of the infinite Creator ) then immortall : Besides , ( as our best way of judgging ought is wont to be by the effects ) certainly all operations are from the forms of things , and all things do so work as they are : Now the body can do nothing at all without the help of the soul , but the soul hath actions of its own ; as the acts of understanding , thinking , judging , remembring , ratiocination ; wherof , if ( whiles it is within us ) it receives the first occasions by our senses , and phantasms ; yet it doth perfect and accomplish the said operations , by the inward powers of its own faculties ; much more , and also more exactly can it do all these things , when it is meerly it self ; since the clog that the body brings with it , cannot but pregravate , and trouble the soul in all her performances : in the mean time , they do justly passe for mentall actions ; neither do so much as receive a denomination from the body : we walk , move , speak , see , feel , and do other humane acts ; the power that doth them is from the soul ; the means or instrument , whereby they are done , is the body ; no man will say the soul walks , or sees , but the body by it : but we can no more say that the soul understands or thinks by the aid of the body , then we can say the body thinks , or understands , by means of the soule : These therefore being distinct and proper actions , do necessarily evince an independing , and self-subsisting agent . O my soul , thou couldst not be thy self , unless thou knew'st thine originall , heavenly ; thine essence , separable ; thy continuance eviternall . But what do we call in reason , and nature to this parle , where faith ( by which Christianity teacheth us to be regulated ) finds so full , and pregnant demonstrations : No lesse then halfe our Creed sounds this way , either by expression , or inference ; where in whiles we professe to believe that Christ our Saviour rose from the dead and ascended we implie that his body was ●ot more dead , then his soul living and active ; That was whereof he said , Father into thy hands I commend my spirit : now , we cannot imagine one life of the head , and another of the body : his state therefore is ours ; every way are we conform to him : as our bodies then shall be once like to his , glorious ; so our souls cannot be but , as his , severed by death , crowned with immortality : and if he shall come to judge both the quick and the dead ; those dead whom he shall judge , must be living ; for ( as our Saviour said in the like case ) God is not the Judge of the dead , as dead , but the Judge of the living that were dead , and therefore living in death , and after death : And whereof doth the Church Catholick consist , but of some members , warfaring on earth , others triumphant in heaven ? and what doth that triumph suppose , but both a beeing , and a beeing glorious ? What communion were there of Saints , if the departed souls were not ▪ and the soul , when it begins to be perfect , should cease to be ? to what purpose were the resurrection of the body , but to meet with his old partner , the soul ? and that meeting only implies both a separation , and existence . Lastly , what life can there be properly but of the soul ? and how can that life be everlasting , which is not continued ? or that continued , that is not ? If then he may be a man ; certainly , a Christian he cannot be , who is more assured that he hath a soul in his body , then that his soul shall once have a being without his body : Death may tyrannize over our earthly parts , the worst he can do to the spirituall , is to free it from a friendly bondage . Chear up thy self therefore , O my soul , against all the fears of thy dissolution ; thy departure is not more certain then thy advantage ; thy being shall not be lesse sure but more free , and absolute : Is it such a trouble to thee to be rid of a clog ? or art thou so loath to take leave of a miserable companion for a while , on condition that he shall ere long meet thee happy ? SECT. II. Of the instant vision of God upon the egression of the soul : and the present condition till then . BUt if , in the mean while , we shall let fall our eyes upon the present condition of the soul , it will appear how apt we are to misknow our selves , and that which gives us the being of men ; The most men , how ever they conceive they have a soul within them , by which they receive their animation , yet they entertain but dull and gloomy thoughts concerning it ; as if it were no lesse void of light and activity , then it is of materiality , and shape : not apprehending the spirituall agility , and clearly-lightsome nature of that whereby they are enlived : wherein it will not a little availe us to have our judgements thoroughly rectified ; and to know that as God is light , so the soul of man which comes immediately from him , and bears his image , is justly , even here , dignified with that glorious title ; I spe●k not only of the regenerate soul illuminated by divine inspirations , and supernaturall knowledge ; but also even of that rationall soul , which every man bears in his bosome . The spirit of man ( saith wise Solomon ) is the candle of the Lord , ( Prov. 20.27 . ) searching all the inward parts of the belly . And the dear Apostle : In him was life , and the life was the light of men , Joh. 1.4 . and more fully , soon after : That light was the true light that lightneth every man that cometh into the world . v. 9. No man can be so fondly charitable , as to think every man that comes into the world , illightned by the spirit of regeneration : It is then that intellectuall light of common nature , which the great illuminator of the world beams forth into every soul , in such proportion as he finds agreeable to the capacity of every subject : Know thy self therefore . O man , and know thy maker : God hath not put into thee a dark soul : or shut up thy inward powers in a dungeon of comfortlesse obscuritie ; but he hath set up a bright shining Lamp in thy breast : whereby thou maiest sufficiently discern naturall and morall truths , the principles and conclusions whether of nature or art , herein advancing thee above all other visible Creatures , whom he hath confined ( at the best ) to a mere opacity of outward and common sense ; But if our naturall light shall , through the blessing of God , be so happily improved , as freely to give place to the spirituall , reason to faith , so that the soul can now attain to see him that is invisible , and in his light to see light , now , even whiles it is over-shaded with the interposition of this earth , it is already entered within the verge of glorie : But , so soon as this va●● o● wretched mortality is done away ; now it enjoyes a clear heaven for ever , and sees as it is seen . Amongst many heavenly thoughts , wherewith my everdear and most honoured , and now blessed friend , the late Edward Earl of Norwich , had wont to animate himself against the encounter with our last enemy Death ; this was one not of the meanest , that in the very instant of his souls departing out of his body , it should immediately enjoy the v●sion of God : And certainly so it is , The spirits of just men , need not stand upon d●stances of place , or space of time , for this beatificall sight ; but so soon as ever they are out of their clay lodging , they are in their spiritu●ll heaven even whiles they are happily conveying to the locall ; for since nothing hindred them from that happy sight , but the interposition of this earth , which we carry about us , the spirit being once free from that impediment , sees as it is seen , being instantly passed into a condition like unto the Angels ; wel therefore are these coupled together by the blessed Apostle , who in his divine rapture had seen them both ; Ye are come ( saith he ) unto Mount Sion , and unto the City of the living God , the heavenly Jerusalem ; and to an innumerable company of Angels , and to the spirits of just men made perfect . As then the Angels of God , wheresoever they are ( though imployed about the affairs of this lower world ) yet do still see and enjoy the vision of God ; so do the souls of the righteous , when they are once eased of this earthly load : Doubtlesse , as they passed through degrees of Grace , whiles they took up with these homely lodgings of clay ; so they may passe through degrees of blisse , when they are once severed . And if ( as some great Divines have supposed ) the Angels themselves shall receive an augmentation of happinesse at the day of the last judgement , when they shall be freed from all their charge and imployments , ( since the perfection of blessedness consists in rest , which is the end of all motion ) how much more shal the Saints of God then receive an enlargment of their felicity ; but in the mean time , they are entered into the lists of their essential beatitude , over the threshold of their heaven . How full and comfortable is that profession of the great Apostle , who when he had sweetly diverted the thoughts of himself and his Corinthians from their light afflictions to an eternall weight of excelling glory , from things temporall , which are seen , to those everlasting , which are not seen : addes ; For we know that if our earthly house of this Tabernacle be dissolved , we have a building not made with hands eternall in the heavens ; more then implying , that our eye is no sooner off from the temporall things , then it is taken up with eternall objects ; and that the instant of the dis●olution of these clay cottages , is the livery and seisin of a glorious and everlasting mansion ●n heaven . Canst thou believe this O my soul , and yet recoil ●t the thought of thy departure ? wert thou appointed af●er a dolorous dissolution to spend some hundreds of years at the fore-gates of glory ( though in a painless expectation of a late happinesse ) even this hope were a pain alone ; but if sense of pain were also added to the delay , this were more then enough to make the condition justly dreadfull : But now that one minute shuts our eyes , and opens them to a clear sight of God , determines our misery , and begins our blessednesse ; Oh the cowardise of our unbeleefe , if we shrinke at so momentany a purchase of eternity ! How many have we known that for a false reputation of honour have rushed into the jawes of Death , when we are sure they could not come back to enjoy it ; and do I tremble at a minutes pain , that shall feoffe me in that glory , which I cannot but for ever enjoy ? How am I ashamed to hear an heathen Socrates , encouraging himselfe against the feares of Death from his resolution of meeting with some fmous persons in that other world , and to feel my self shrugging at a short brunt of pain , that shall put me into the blisse-making presence of the All-glorious God , into the sight of the glorified humanity of my dear Redeemer , into the Society of all the Angels and Saints of heaven ? SECT. III. Of the Souls perpetual vigilancy , and fruition of God . IT is no other then a frantick dream of those erroneous spirits that have fancied the sleep of the soul , and that so long and deep a sleep , as from the evening of the dissolution , till the morning of the resurrection ; So as all that while , the soul hath no vision of God , no touch of joy or pain . An errour wickedly rak't up out of the ashes of those Arabick Hereticks , whom Origen is said to have reclaimed : and since that time , taken up ( if they be not slandered ) by the Armenians , and Fratricelli ; and once countenanced , and abetted by Pope John the 22. ( as Pope Adrian witnesseth , ) yea so inforced by him , upon the University of Paris , as that all accesse to degrees was barred to any whosoever refused to subscribe , and swear to that damnable position : The Minorites began to finde relish in that poison , which no doubt had proceeded to further mischief , had not the interposition of Philip the-then-French king happily quelled that uncomfortable and pernicious doctrine , so as we might have hoped it should never have dared more to look into the light . But , wo is me , these prodigious times amongst a world of other uncouth heresies , have not stuck to fetch even this also ( wel-worsed ) back from that region of darknesse , whither it was sent : Indeed who can but wonder that any Christian can possibly give entertainment to so absurd a thought ; whiles he hears his Saviour say , Father I will that they also whom thou hast given me , be with me , where I am ; and that ( not in a safe sleep ) they may behold my glory , which thou hast given me : Behold it ? yea , but when ? at last perhaps when the body shall be resumed ? Nay , ( to choak this cavill ) the blisse is present , even already possessed ; The glory which thou gavest me I have given to them : It was accordingly his gracious word to the penitent theef , This day shalt thou be with me in Paradise : How clear is that of the chosen vessell , opposing our present condition to the succeeding : For now we see through a glasse darkly ; but then ( that is , upon our dissolution ) face to face , the face of the soul to the face of God : The infinit amiableness whereof was that which inflamed the longing desire of the blessed Apostle to depart and to be with Christ ; as knowing these two inseparable , the instant of his departure , and his presence with Christ : else the departure were no lesse worthy of fear , as the utmost of evils , then now it is of wishing for , as our entrance into blessednesse : Away then with that impious frenzie of the souls , whether mortality , or sleep in death : No , my soul , thou doest then begin to live , thou doest not awake till then : now whiles thou art in the bed of this living clay , thine eyes are shut , thy spirituall senses are tyed up , thou art apt to s●ort in a sinfull security ; thou dreamest of earthly vanities ; then , only then are thine eyes opened , thy spirituall faculties freed ; all thy powers quickned , and thou art perpetually presented with objects of eternall glory . And if at any time during this pilgrimage , thine eye-lids have been some little raised by divine Meditations , yet how narrowly , how dimly art thou wont to see ? now thine eies shall be so broadly and fully opened , that thou shalt see whole heaven at once ; yea , which is more , the face of that God , whose presence makes it heaven : Oh glorious sight ! O most blessed condition ! Wise Solomon could truly observe that the eye is not satisfied with seeing ; neither indeed can it be here below ; nothing is so great a glutton as the eye ; for when we have seen all that we can , we shall still wish to see more ; and that more is nothing if it be lesse their all ; but this infinite object ( which is more then all ) shall so fill and satisfie our eyes , that we cannot desire the sight of any other ; nor ever be glutted with the sight of this ; Old Simeon when once he had lived to see the Lord of life cloathed in flesh , could say , ●ord now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace for mine eyes have seen thy salvation : if he were so full of the sight of his Saviour in the weaknesse of humane flesh , and in the form of a servant ; how is he more then fated with the perfection of joy , and heavenly detestation , to see that Saviour clothed with majesty ; to see his all glorious Godhead ; and so to see , as to enjoy them ; and so enjoy them , as that he shall never intermit their sight and fruition to all eternity . SECT. IV. Of the knowledge of the glorified . AS concerning all other matters , what the knowledge is of our souls , separated , and glorified , we shall then know when ours come to be such : in the mean time , we can much less know their thougths , then they can know ours : sure we are , they do not know in such manner as they did , when they were in our bosomes ; by the help of senses and phantasms , by the discursive inferences of ratiocination ; but as they are elevated to a condition suitable to the blessed Angels ; so they know like them : though not by the meanes of a naturall knowledge , as they , yet by that supernaturall light of intimation , which they receive by their glorified estate : Whether by vertue of this divine illumination they know the particular occurrences which we meet with here below , he were bold that would determine . Only this we may confidently affirme , that they do clearly know al those things which do any way appertain to their estate of blessednesse . Amongst which , whether the knowledge of each other in that region of happinesse may justly be ranked , is not unworthy of our disquisition . Doubtlesse , as in God there is all perfection eminently , and transcendently , so in the sight and fruition of God , there cannot be but full and absolute felicity ; yet this is so farre from excluding the knowledge of those things which derive their goodnesse and excellency from him , as that it compriseth , and supposeth it : Like as it is also in our affections ; we love God only as the chief good ; yet so as that we love other things in order to God ; Charity is no more subject to losse , then knowledge , both these shall accompany our souls to and in that other world . As then , we shall perfectly love God , and his Saints in him ; so shall we know both : and though it be a sufficient motive of our love in heaven , th●t we know them ▪ to be Saints ; yet it seems to be no small addition to our happinesse , to know that those Saints were once ours : And if it be a just joy to a parent here on earth to see his child gracious , how much more acession shall it be to his joy above , to see the fruits of his loines glorious , when both his love is more pure , and their improvement absolute ? Can we make any doubt that the blessed Angels know each other ? how senselesse were it to grant that no knowledge is hid from them , but of themselves ? Or can we imagine that those Angelicall spirits do not take speciall notice of those souls which they have guarded here , and conducted to their glory ? If they do so , and if the knowledge of our beatified souls shall be like to theirs , why should we abridg our selves more then them , of the comfort of our interknowing ? Surely ▪ our dissolution shall abate nothing of our naturall faculties ; our glory shal advance them ; so as what we once knew we shall know better : and if our souls can then perfectly know themselves , why should they be denied the knowledge of others ? Doubt not then , O my soul , but thou shalt once see ( besides the face of thy God , whose glory fils heaven and earth ) the blessed spirits of the ancient Patriarchs , and Prophets , the holy Apostles and Evangelists , the glorious Martyrs and Confessors ; those eminent Saints , whose holiness thou wert wont to magnifie ; and amongst them , those in whom nature and grace have especially interessed thee , thou shalt see them , and enjoy their joy and they thine : How oft have I measured a long and foul journey to see some good friend , and digested the tediousnesse of the way with the expectation of a kind entertainment , and the thought of that complacency which I should take in so dear ? presence ? and yet perhaps , when I have arrived , I have found the house disordered , one sick , another disquieted , my selfe indisposed ; with what cheerfull resolution should I undertake this my last voyage , where I shal meet with my best friends , and find them perfectly happy , and my selfe with them ? SECT. V. Of the glory of heaven injoyed by blessed Souls . HOw often have I begged of my God , that it would please him to shew me some little glimpse of the glory of his Saints ? It is not for me to wish the sight ( as yet ) of the face of that divine Majesty ; This was two much for a Moses to sue for ; my ambition only is , that I might , if but as it were through some cranie , or key-hole of the gate of heaven , see the happy condition of his glorious servants . I know what hinders me , my miserable unworthinesse , my spiritual blindnesse . O God , if thou please to wash off my clay with the waters of thy Siloam , I shall have eyes ; and if thou anoint them with thy precious eye-salve , those eyes shall be clear , and enabled to behold those glories which shall ravish my soul . And now , Lord , what pure and resplendent light is this , wherein thy blessed ones dwel ? How justly did thine Ecstatical Apostle call it the inheritance of the Saints in light ? light unexpressible , light unconceivable , light inaccessible ? Lo , thou that hast prepared such a light to this inferiour world for the use and comfort of us mortall creatures , as the glorious Sun , which can both inlighten and dazle the eyes of all beholders ▪ hast proportionally ordained a light to that higher world , so much more excellent then the Sun , as heaven is above earth , immortality above corruption . And if wise Solomon could say truly , the light is sweet , and a pleasant thing it is for the eyes to see the Sun ; how infinitely delectable is it in thy light to see such light as may make the Sun in comparison thereof , darknesse ? In thy presence is the fulness of joy , and at thy right hand are pleasures for evermore . What can be wished more , where there is fulness of joy ? and behold thy presence , O Lord , yeelds it . Could I neither see Saint nor Angell in that whole Empyreall heaven , none but thine infinite self , thy self alone were happiness for me more then enough ; But as thou , in whom here below we live , and move , and have our beeing , detractest nothing from thine all-sufficiency , but addest rather to the praise of thy bounty , in that thou furnishest us with variety of means of our life and subsistence ; so here it is the praise of thy wonderfull mercies which thou allowest us ( besides thine immediate presence ) the Society of thy blessed Angels , and Saints , wherein we may also enjoy thee . And if the view of any of those single glories be enough to fil my soul with wonder , and contentment : how must it needs run over at the sight of those worlds of beauty and excellency , which are here met and united ? Lo here the blessed H●erarchy of innumerable Angels , there the glorious company of the Apostles here the goodly fellowship of the Patriarchs and Prophets there the noble Army of M●rtyrs ▪ here the troops of laborious Pastors and Teachers , there the numberlesse multitudes of holy and conscionable Professors . Lord , what exquisite order is here , what perfection of glory ! And if even in thine eyes thy poor despised Church upon earth , be so beautifull and amiable , fair as the Moon clear as the Sun , ( which yet in the eyes of flesh seems but homely and hard-favoured ) how infinite graces and perfections shall our spirituall eies see in thy glorified spouse above ? what pure sanctity ? what sincere charity ? what clear knowledge ? what absolute joy ? what entire union ? what wonderfull majesty ? what compleat felicity ? All shine alike in their essentiall glory but not without difference of degrees ; All are adorned with crowns , some also with coronets , some glister with a skie-like , others with a star-like clearnesse ; the least hath so much as to make him so happy that he would not wish to have more ; the greatest hath so much , that he cannot receive more ; O divine distribution of bounty , where is no possibility of either want , or envy ! Oh transcendent royalty of the Saints ! one heaven is more then a thousand kingdoms ; and every Saint hath right to all : so as every Subject is here a Soveraign , and every Soveraign is absolute under the free homage of an infinite Creatour . Lo here , crowns without cares , scepters without burden , rule without trouble , raigning without change : Oh the transitory vanity of all earthly greatness ▪ Gold is the most during metall , yet even that yeelds to age : Solomons rich Diadem of the pure gold of Ophir , is long since dust : these crowns of glory are immarcescible , incorruptible ; beyond all the compasse of time , without all possibility of alteration . Oh the perishing and unsatisfying contentments of earth ! how many-poor great ones below have that which they call honour and riches , and enjoy them not , and if they have enjoyed them , complain of satiety , and worthlesness ! Lo here , a free scope of perfect joy , of constant blessednesse , without mixture , without intermission ; each one feels his own joy , feels each others ; all rejoyce in God with a joy unspeakeable , and full of glory ; and most sweetly bathe themselves in a pure and compleat blisfulnesse . This very sight of blessed souls is happinesse , but oh , for the fruition ! Go now , my soul , and after this prospect , doat upon those silly profits and pleasures which have formerly bewitched thee ; and ( if thou canst ) forbear to long after the possession of this blessed immortality ; and repine at the message of this so advantagious a translation ; and pity and lament the remove of those dear pieces of thy self , which have gone before thee to this unspeakable felicity . SECT. VI . Wherein the glory of the Saints above consisteth , and how they are imployed . SUch is the place , such is the condition of the blessed ; What is their implement ? How do they spend , not their time , but their eternity ? How ? but in the exercise of the perpetual acts of their blessedness , vision , adhesion , fruition ? who knows not that there is a contract passed betwixt God and the regenerate soul here below ; out of the engagement of his mercy and love , he endows her with the precious graces of Faith , of Hope , of Charity . Faith , whereby she knowingly apprehends her interest in him : Hope , whereby she cheerfully expects the ful accomplishment of his gracious promises : Charity , whereby she is feelingly and comfortably possessed of him , and clings close unto him . In the instant of our dissolution , we enter into the consummation of this blessed mariage : wherein it pleaseth our bountifull God , to endow his glorified spouse with these three priviledges and improvements of her beatitude , answerable to these three divine graces : Vision answers to Faith , for what our faith sees , and apprehends here on earth ? and afar off as Travellers ; our estate of glorification exhibits to us clearly , and at hand , as comprehensors : the object is the same , the degrees of manifestation differ . Adhesion answers to our Hope ; for what our hope comfortably expected , and longed for , we do now lay hold on as present and are brought home to it indissolubly : Fruition , lastly , answers to charity ; for what is fruition , but a taking pleasure in the thing possessed , as truly delectable , and as our owne ; and what is this but the perfection of love ? Shortly , what is the end of our faith but sight ? what the end of our hope but possession ? what the end of our love but enjoying ? Lo then the inseparable and perpetual sight , possession , enjoyment , of the infinitely amiable , and glorious Deity , is not more the imployment then the felicity of Saints : and what can the soul conceive matchable to this happinesse ? The man after Gods own heart had one boon to ask of his M●ker ; it must be sure some great suite wherein a favourite will set up his rest : One thing have I desired of the Lord , which I will require , even that I may dwell in the house of the Lord , all the dayes of my life ; to behold the fair beauty of the Lord , and to visit his holy Temple . Was it so contenting an happinesse to thee ( O David ) to behold for a moment of time , the fair beauty of the Lord in his earthen Temple , where he meant not to reveal the height of his glory ; how blessed art thou now , when thy soul lives for ever in the continuall prospect of the infinite beauty and majesty of God , in the most glorious and eternall sanctuary of heaven ? It was but in a cloud and smoke , wherein God shewed himselfe in his materiall house ; above , thou seest him cloathed in an heavenly , and incomprehensible light ; and if a little glimpse of celestiall glory in a momentary transfiguration so transported the prime Apostle , that he wisht to dwel still in Tabor : how shall we be ravished with the full view of that all-glorious Deity , whose very sight gives blessedness ? What a life doth the presence of the Sun put into all Creatures here below ? yet the body of it is afar off , the power of it created and finite : Oh then how perfect and happy a life must we needs receive from the Maker of it , when the beams of his heavenly glory shall shine in our face ? Here below our weak senses are marred with too excellent objects ; our pure spirits above cannot complain of excesse , but by how much more of that divine light they take in , are so much the more blessed . There is no other thing wherein our sight can make us happy ; we may see all other objects , and yet be miserable ; here , our eyes conveigh into us influences of blisse ; yet not our eyes alone : but as the soul hath other spirituall senses also , they are wholly possessed of God : our ●dhesion is as it were an heavenly touch , our fruition as an heavenly taste of the everblessed Deity ; so the glorified soul in seeing God , feelingly apprehends him as its own ; in apprehending sweetly enjoyes him , to all eternity , finding in him more absolute contentment then it can be capable of , and finding it selfe capable of so much as make it everlastingly happy . Away with those brutish Paradises of Jews , and Turks and some Judaizing Chiliasts , who have placed happinesse in the full feed of their sensual appetite , inverting the words of the Epicurean in the Gospell : He could say , Let us eat and drink , for to morrow we shall dye : they , Let us dye , for we shall eat and drinke ; men , whose belly is their God ; their kitchen their heaven : The soul that hath had the least smack , how sweet the Lord is in the weak apprehension of Grace here below , easily contemns these dunghil-felicities , & cannot but long after those true and satisfying delights above , in comparison whereof all the pleasures of the paunch and palate , are but either savorless or noisome . Feast thou thy self , onwards O my soul , with the joyful hope of this blessed vision , adhesion , fruition : Alas , here thy dim eyes see thy God through clouds and vapours , and not without manifold diversions , here thou cleavest imperfectly to that absolute goodnesse , but with many frail interceptions , every prevalent temptation looseth thy hold , and makes thy God and thee strangers ; here thou enjoyest him sometimes in his favours , seldome in himselfe ; and when thou doest so , how easily art thou robb'd of him by the interpositions of a crafty , and bewitching world ? There thou shalt so see him , as that thou shalt never look off ; so adhere to him , as never to be severed ; so enjoy him , that he shall ever be all in all to thee , even the soul of thy soul ; thy happiness is then essentiall ; thy joy as inseparable , as thy being . SECT. VII . In what terms the departed Saints stand to us ; and what respects they bear to us . Such is the felicity wherein the separate soules of Gods elect ones are feoffed , for ever : But , in the mean time , what terms do they stand in to their once-partners , these humane bodies ? to these the forlorn companions of their pilgrimage and warfare ? Do they despise these houses of clay , wherein they once dwelt ? or have they with Pharaohs Courtier , forgotten their fellow-prisoner ? Far be it from us to entertain so injurious thoughts of those spirits , whose charity is no less exalted then their knowledge : Some graces they do necessarily leave behinde them ; There is no room for faith , where there is present vision ; no room for hope , where is full fruition ; no room for patience , where is no possibility of suffering : but charity can never be out of date , charity both to God and man : As the head and body mystical are undivided , so is our love to both ; we cannot love the head , and not the body ; we cannot love some limbs of the body , and not others : The triumphant part of the Church then , which is above , doth not more truly love each other glorified , then they love the warfaring part beneath : neither can their love be idle , and fruitlesse ; they cannot but wish well therefore to those they love : That the glorified Saints , then , above in a generality wish for the good estate , and happy consummation of their conflicting brethren here on earth , is a truth , not more void of scruple , then full of comfort . It was not so much revenge , which the souls under the Alter pray for upon their murderers ; as the accomplishment of that happy resurrection , in which that revenge shall be perfectly acted . The prayer in Zachary ( and Saints are herein parallel ) is , O Lord of hosts how long wilt thou not have mercy on Jerusalem , and on the Cities of Judah , against which thou hast had indignation ? we do not use to joy , but in that which we wish for : There is joy in heaven , in the presence of the Angels for sinners repenting : In the presence of the Angels , therefore , on the part of the Saints , none but they dwell together . Oh ye blessed Saints , we praise God for you for your happy departure , for your crown of immortalitie : Ye do in common , sue to God for us , as your poore fellow-members , for our happy eluctation out of those miseries and tentations , wherewith we are continually conflicted here below , and for our Societie with you in your blessedness . Other terms of communion , we know none : As for any local presence , or particular correspondence , that ye may have with any of us , as we cannot come to know it ; so , if we would , we should have no reason to disclaim it . Johannes á Jesu-Maria , a modern Carmelite , writing the life of Theresia ( Sainted lately by Gregory 15. ) tels us , that as she was a vigilant overseer of her votaries in her life ; so in , and after death she would not be drawn away from her care , and attendance ; For ( saith he ) if any of her sisters did but talk in the set hours of their silence , she was wont by three knocks at the doore of the Cell , to put them in mind of their enjoyned taciturnity ; and on a time appearing ( as she did often ) in a lightsome brightnesse , to a certain Carmelite , is said thus to bespeak him ; Nos coe●estes , &c. We Citizens of heaven , and ye exiled pilgrims on earth , ought to be linked in a league of love , and purity , &c. Me thinks the reporter should fear this to be too much good fellowship for a Saint ; I am sure neither Divine nor ancient Story had wont to afford such familiarity ; And many have mis-doubted the agency of worse , where have appeared lesse causes of suspition ▪ That this was ( if any thing ) an ill spirit under that face , I am justly confident ; neither can any man doubt , that looking further into the relation , finds him to come with a lye in his mou●h : For thus he goes on , [ We celestiall ones behold the Deity , ye banished ones worship the Eucharist ; which ye ought to worship with the same affection , wherewith we adore the Deity ; ] such perfume doth this holy Devill leave behind him : The like might be instanced in a thousand apparitions of this kind , al worthy of the same entertainment . As for the state of the souls of Lazarus , of the Widows son , of Jairus his daughter , and of Tabitha , whether there were , by divine appointment , a suspension of their finall condition for a time ( their souls awaiting not farre off from their bodies , for a further disposition ) or , whether they were for the manifestation of the miraculous power of the Son of God , called off from their setled rest , some great Divines may dispute , none can determine : where God is silent , let us be willingly ignorant : wi●h more safety and assurance may we inquire into those respects , wherein the separated soul stands to that body , which it left behind it for a prey to the worms , a captive to death , and corruption : For certainly , though the parts be severed , the relations cannot be so : God made it intrinsecally naturall to that spirituall part to be the form of man , and therefore to animate the body . It was in the very infusion of it created , and in the creating , infused into this coessentiall receptacle ; wherein it holds it self so interessed , as that it knows there can be no full consummation of its glory without the other half . It was not therefore more loath to leave this old partner in the dissolution , then it is now desirous to meet him again ; as well knowing in how much happier condition they shall meet , then they formerly parted : Before this drossie piece was cumbersome , and hindred the free operations of this active spirit ; now , that by a blessed glorification it is spiritualized , it is every way become pliable to his renued partner , the Soul , and both of them to their infinitely glorious Creatour . SECT. VIII The reunion of the body to the soul both glorified . LO then so happy a reunion , as this materiall world is not capable of ( till the last fire have refined it ) of a blessed soul , met with a glorified body , for the peopling of the new heaven ; who can but rejoyce in spirit to foresee such a glorious communion of perfected Saints ? to see their bodies with a clear brightness , without all earthly opacity ; with agility , without all dulnesse ; with subtility , without grosness ; with impassibility , without the reach of annoyance or corruption ? There and then shalt thou , O my soul , looking through clarified eyes , see and rejoyce to see that glorious body of thy dear God and Savior , which he assumed here below ; and wherein he wrought out the great work of thy redemption ; there shalt thou see the radiant bodies of all those eminent Saints , whose graces thou hadst wont to wonder at , and weakly wish to imitate ; There shall I meet with the visible partners of the same unspeakeable glory , my once dear parents , children , friends , and ( if there can be roome for any more joy in the soul , that is taken up with God ) shall both communicate , and appropriate our mutuall joyes : There shall we indissolubly with all the chore of heaven passe our eviternity of blisse in lauding and praising the incomprehensibly-glorious Majesty of our Creatour , Redeemer , Sanctifier ; in perpetuall Hallelujahs to him that sits upon the Throne : And canst thou , O my soul , in the expectation of this happinesse , be unwilling to take leave of this flesh for a minute of separation ? How well art thou contented to give way to this body , to shut up the windows of thy senses , and to retire it self after the toil of the day , to a nightly rest , whence yet thou knowest it is not sure to rise ; or if it do , yet it shall rise but such as it lay down ; some little fresher , no whit better ; and art thou so loath to bid a cheerfull good-night to this piece of my selfe , which shall more surely rise then lye down , and not more surely rise , then rise glorious ? Away with this weak and wretched infidelity : without which , the hope of my change would be my present happinesse , and the issue of it mine eternull glory : Even so , Lord Jesus , come quickly . THE INVISIBLE WORLD . The Third BOOK . SECT. I. Of the Evill Angels . Of their first sin and fall . HITHERTO our thoughts have walked through the lightsome and glorious regions of the spirituall world ; now it is no lesse requisite to cast some glances towards those dreadful and darksome parts of it ; where nothing dwels but horror and torment : Of the former , it concerns us to take notice for our comfort ; of these latter for terrour , caution , resistance . I read it reported by an ancient Travailer , Haytonus , of the Order of the Premonstratensis , and cousin ( as he saith ) to the then-King of Armenia , that he saw a country in the Kingdome of Georgia ( which he would not have believed , except his eyes had seen it ) caldel Hamsen , of three dayes journey about , covered over with palpable darknesse , wherein some desolate people dwell ; for those which inhabit upon the borders of it , might hear the neighing of horses , and crowing of cocks , and howling of dogs , and other noises , but no man could go in to them , without losse of himselfe : Surely this may seem some sleight representation of the condition of Apostate Angels , and reprobate souls : Their region is the kingdom of darkness , they have onely light enough to see themselves eternally miserable ; neither are capable of the least glimpse of comfort , or mitigation . But , as it fals out with those , which in a dark night bear their own light , that they are easily discerned by an enemy that waits for them , and good aim may be taken at them , even whiles that enemy lurks unseen of them : so it is with us in these spirituall ambushes of the infernall powers , their darknesse and our light gives them no smal advantage against us ; The same power that clears and strengthens the eyes of our soul to see those over-excelling glories of the good Angels , can also enable us to pierce thorough that hellish obscurity , and to descrie so much of the natures and condition of those evill spirits as may render us both wary , and thankful . In their first creation there were no Angels but of light , that any of them should bring evill with him from the moment of his first beeing , is the exploded heresie of a Manes , a man fit for his name ; and if Prateolus may be beleeved , of the Trinit●●ians ; yea , blasphemy rather , casting mire in the face of the most pure and holy Deity : For , from an absolute goodnesse , what can proceed but good ? And if any then of those spirits could have been originally evil , whence could he pretend to fetch it ? Either three must be a predominant principle of evill ; or a derivation of it from the fountain of infinite goodness , either of which were very monsters of impiety : All were once glorious spirits ; sin changed their hue , and made many of them ugly Devils : Now straight I am apt to think , Lord ! how should sin come into the world ? how into Angels ? God made all things good ; sin could be no work of his : How should the good that he made , produce the evill which he hates ? Even this curiosity must receive an answer . The great God when he would make his noblest creature , found it fit to produce him in the nearest likenesse to himself ; and therefore to indue him with perfection of understanding , and freedome of will , either of which being wanting there could have been no excellency in that which was intended for the best : such therefore did he make his Angels : Their will being made free had power of their own inclinations ; those free inclinations of some of them , swayed them awry from that highest end which they should have solely aimed at , to a faulty respect , unto oblique ends of their own . Hence was the beginning of sin ; for as it fals out in causes efficient , that when the secondary agent swarves from the order and direction of the principal , straight waies a fault thereupon ensues ( as when the leg by reason of crookednesse , fails of the performance of that motion , which the appetitive power injoined , an halting immediately follows ) so it is in finall causes also , ( as Aquinas acutely ) when the secondary end is not kept in , under the order of the principall and highest end , there grows a sin of the will , whose object is ever good : but if a supposed , & self respective good be suffer'd to take the wall of the best , & absolute good , the will instantly proves vicious . As therefore there can be no possible fault incident into the will of him who propounds to himself as his only good , the utmost end of all things , which is God himself ; so , in whatsoever willer , whose own particular good is contained under the order of another higher good , there may ( without Gods speciall confirmation ) happen a sin in the will : Thus it was with these revolting Angels , they did not order their own particular ( supposed ) good to the supream and utmost end ; but suffered their will to dwell in an end of their own ; and by this means did put themselves into the place of God ; not regulating their wils by another superior , but making their will , the rule of their own desires ; which was in effect , to affect an equality with the highest Not that their ambition went so high as to aspire to an height of goodness , or greatnesse , equall to their infini●e Creatour ; This ( as the greater Leader of the School hath determined it ) could not fall into any intelligent nature , since it were no other , then to affect his own not being ; for as much as there can be no beeing at all , without a distinction of degrees , and subordinations of beeings : This was ( I suppose ) the threshold of leaving their first estate : Now it was with Angelicall spirits as it is with heavy bodies , when they begin to fail they went down at once , speedily passing through many degrees of wickednesse . Let learned Gerson see upon what grounds he conceives , that in the beginning their sin might be veniall , afterwards arising to the height of maliciousness ; whom Salmeron seconds by seven reasons , alledged to that purpose ; labouring to prove that before their precipitation , they had large time , and place of repentance ; the point is too high for any humane determination : this we know too well by our selves , that even the will of man , when it is once let loose to sin , finds no stay ; how much more of those active spirits , which by reason of their simple and spirituall nature , convert themselves wholly to what they do incline ? What were the particular grounds of their defection and ruine , what was their first sin , it is neither needfull , nor possible to know ; I see the wracks of this curiosity in some of the Ancient , who misguiding themselves by a false Compasse of mis-applyed Texts , have split upon those shelves which their miscarriage shall teach me to avoid ; If they have made Lucifer ▪ ( that is , the morning Star ) a Devill , and mistake the King of Babylon for the Prince of darknesse , as they have palpably done , I dare not follow them . Rather let me spend my thoughts in wondring at the dreadfull justice , and the incomprehensible mercy of our great and holy God , who having cast these Apostate Angels into hell , and reserved them in everlasting chains under darknesse , unto the judgement of the great day , hath yet graciously found out a way to redeem miserable mankinde from that horible pit of destruction : It is not for me to busie my self in finding out reasons of difference for the aggravation of the sin of Angel● and abatement of mans ; as that sin began in them , they were their own tempters : that they sinned irreparably , since their fall was to them as death is to us : How ever it were , Cursed be the man who shall say that the sin of any creature exceeds the power of thy mercy , O God , which is no other then thy selfe , infinite ; whiles therefore I lay one hand upon my mouth , I lift up the other in a silent wonder , with the blessed Apostle , and say , How unsearchable are thy judgements , and thy wayes past finding out . SECT. IV. Of the number of Apostate Spirits . WHo can but tremble to thinke of the dreadfull precipice of these d●●ned Angels , which from the highest pitch of heaven , were suddainly thrown down into the dungeon of the nethermost hell ? who can but tremble to think of their number , power , malice , cunning and deadly machinations ? Had this defection been single , yet it had been fearfull : should but one star fall down from heaven , with what horrour do we think of the wrack that would ensue to the whole world ? how much more when the great Dragon draws down the third part of the stars with his tail ? And lo , these Angels were as so many spirituall stars in the firmament of glory . It was here as in the rebellion of great Peers , the common sort are apt to take part in any insurrection : There are orders and degrees even in the region of confusion ; we have learned of our Saviour to know , there is a Devill and his Angels ; And Jewish tradition hath told us of a Prince of Devils . It was in all likelyhood some prime Angell of heaven , that first started aside from his station , and led the ring of this highest and first revolt ; millions sided with him , and had their part both in his sin and punishment : Now how formidable is the number of these evill and hostile spirits ? Had we the eyes of that holy Hermit ( for such the first were ) we might see the air full of these malignant sp●rits , laying snares for miserable mankinde : And if the possessors of one poor Demoniack , could style themselves Legion , ( a name that in the truest account , contains no lesse then ten Cohorts , & every Cohort fifty Companies , and every Company 25 Souldiers , to the number of 1225 ) what an army of these hellish fiends do we suppose is that , wherewith whole mankinde is beleaguered al the world over ? Certainly no man living , ( as Tertullian and Nissen have too truly observed ) can , from the very hour of his nativity , to the last minute of his dissolution , be free from one of these spirituall assailants , if not many at once . The ejected spirit returns to his former assault with seven worse then himself . Even where there is equality of power , inequality of number must needs be a great advantage . An Hercules himself is no match for two Antagonists ; yea , were their strength much lesse then ours , if we be but as a flock of Goats feeding upon the hils ; when the evil spirits ( as the Midianites & Amalekites were against Israel ) are like grashoppers in the valley , what hope , what possibility were there , ( if we were left in our own hands ) for saefty or prevalence ? But now alas , their number is great , but their power is more : Even these Evil Angels are styled by him that knew them , no less then principalities and powers , and rulers of the darknesse of this world , and spirituall wickednesses in heavenly places . They lost not their strength when they left their station . It is the rule of Dionysius ( too true I fear ) that in the reprobate Angels their naturall abilities stil hold ; No other then desperate therefore were the condition of whole mankinde , if we were turned loose into the lists to grapple with these mighty spirits . Courage , O my soul , and together with it , victory : Let thine eys be but open ( as Gehezies ) & thou shalt see more with us then against us ; One good Angell is able to chase whole troops of these malignant : For though their naturall powers in regard of the substance of them be still retained ; yet in regard of the exercise and execution of them , they are abated , and restrained by the over-ruling order of divine Justice , and mercy ; from which , far be that infinite incongruity , that evill should prevail above God ; The same God therefore , who so disposeth the issue of these humane contentions , that the race is not to the swift , nor the battell to the strong , cowardizeth and daunteth these mighty and insolent spirits , so as they cannot stand before one of these glorious Angels ; nor prevail any further then his most wise providence hath contrived to permit for his own most holy purposes . How ever yet we be upon these grounds safe in the good hands of the Almighty , and of those his blessed Guardians , to whom he hath committed our charge : yet it well befits us , to take notice of those powerfull executions of the evill Angels which it pleaseth the great Arbiter of the world to give way unto , that we may know what cause we have both of vigilance and gratitude . SECT. III. Of the power of Devils . NO Dwarfe will offer to wrestle with a Giant ; it is an argument of no smal power , as well as boldnesse of that proud spirit , that he durst strive with Michael the Archangell : and though he were as then foiled in the conflict , yet he ceaseth not still to oppose his Hierarchy to the Celestiall , and not there prevailing ▪ he poures out his tyranny , where he is suffered , on this inferior world ; One while fetching down fire from heaven ( which the messenger called the fire of God ) upon the flocks and shepherds of Job : another while , blustring in the air , with hurrying winds , and furious tempests , breaking downe the strongest towers , and turning up the stoutest oaks , tearing asunder the hardest rocks , and rending of the tops of the firmest mountains : one while swelling up the raging Sea to suddain inundations ; another while causing the earth to totter and tremble under our feet : would we descend to the particular demonstrations of the powerfull operations of evill spirits , this discourse would have no end . If we do but cast our eyes upon Jannes and Jambres , the Egyptian Sorcerers , ( in whom we have formerly instanced in another Treatise , to this purpose ) we shall see enough to wonder at : How close did they for a time follow Moses at the heels , imitating those miraculous works , which God had appointed , and inabled him to do for Pharaohs conviction ? Had not the faith of that worthy servant of God been invincible , how blank must he needs have looked , to see his great works patterned by those presumptuous rivals ? Doth Moses turn his rod into a serpent ? every of their rods crawleth and hisseth as well as his ? Doth he smite the waters into bloud ? their waters are instantly as bloudy as his : Doth he fetch frogs out of Nilus into Pharaohs bed-chamber , and bosome , and into the ovens and kneading troughs of his people ? they can store Egypt with loathsome cattle as well as he : All this while , Pharaoh knows no difference of a God , and hardly yeelds whether Jannes or Moses be the better man ; although he might easily have decided it , out of the very acts done ; he saw Moses his serpent devoured theirs ; so as now there was neither serpent , nor rod ; and whiles they would be turning their rod into aserpent , both rod and serpent were lost in that serpent , which returned into a rod : He saw that those Sorcerers , who had brought the frogs could not remove them ; and soon after sees that those juglers , who pretended to make serpents , bloud , frogs , cannot ( when God pleaseth to restrain them ) make so much as a louse : But supposing the sufferance of the Almighty , who knows what limits to prescribe , to these infernall powers ? They can beguile the senses , mock the fantasie , work strongly by philtres upon the affections , assume the shapes of man or beast , inflict grievous torment on the body , conveigh strange things insensibly into it , transport it from place to place in quick motions , cause no lesse suddain disparitions of it ; heal diseases by charmes , and spels ; frame hideous apparitions , and , in short , by applying active powers to passive subjects they can produce wonderful effects : each of all which were easie to be instanced in whole volumes , if it were needfull , out of history and experience . Who then , O God , who is able to stand before these sons of Anak ? what are we in such hands ? Oh match desperately unequal , of weaknesse with power , flesh with spirit , man with Devils ! Away with this cowardly diffidence : Chear up thy self , O my soul , against these heartlesse fears ; and know the advantage is on thy side . Could Samson have been firmly bound hand and foot by the Philistine cords , so as he could not have stirred those mighty limbs of his , what boy or girl of Gath or Ascalon would have fear'd to draw near , and spurn that awed champion : No other is the condition of our dreadfull enemies , they are fast bound up with the adamantine chains of Gods most mercifull and inviolable decree , and forcibly restrained from their desired mischief : Who can be afraid of a muzzled and tyed up mastive ? What woman or childe cannot make faces at a fierce Lion , or a bloudy Bajazet lockt up fast in an iron grate ? were it not for this strong , and straight curb of divine providence , what good man could breath one minute upon earth ? The Demo●iack in the Gospel could break his iron fetters i● pieces , through the help of his ●egion ; those Devils that possessed him , could not break theirs ; they are fain to sue for leave to enter into swine , neither had obtained it ( in all likelyhood ) but for a just punishment to those Gadarene owners ; How sure may we then be , that this just hand of omnipotence will not suffer these evill ones to tyrannize over his chosen vessels for their hurt ? How safe are we , since their power is limited , our protection infinite ? SECT. IV. Of the knowledge and malice of wicked Spirits . WHo can know how much he is bound to God for safe-guard , if he doe not apprehend the quality of those enemies , wherewith he is incompassed ? whose knowledge and skil is no whit inferiour to their power : They have not the name of Daemones for nothing ; their natural knowledge was not forfeited by their fall , the wisdom of the infinite giver of it knows how rather to turn it to the use of his own glory : However therefore , they are kept of● from those divine illuminations , which the good Angels receive from God , yet they must needs be granted to have such a measure of knowledge , as cannot but yeeld them a formidable advantage . For , as spirits , being not stripped of their original knowledge , together with their glory , they cannot but know the natures and constitutions of the creatures , and thereby their tempers , dispositions , inclinations , conditions , faculties ; and therewith their wants , their weaknesse and obnoxiousnesse , and thereupon strongly conjecture at their very thoughts , and intentions , and the likelyhood of their repulses or prevailings : out of the knowledge of the causes of things they can foresee such future events as have a dependance thereon . To which , if we shal adde the improvement , which so many thousand years experience can yeild to active and intelligent spirits , together with the velocity of their motitions , and the concurrent intelligence which those powers of darkness hold with each other we shall see cause enough to disparage our own simplicity , to tremble at our own danger , and to blesse God for our indemnity . But if unto all these , we shall take notice of their malice , no whit inferiour to their power , and knowledge , we cannot but be transported with the wonder at our infinite obligations to the blessed Majesty of heaven , who preserves us from the rage of so spightfull , cunning , mighty enemies . Satan carries hostility in his very name , and answerably in his wicked nature : hostility to the God that made him , as the avenger of his sin ; hostility for his sake to the Creature , which that God made good : his enmity did , as himself , descend from the highest , for it began at the Almighty , and remains as implacable , as impotent . It is a bold and uncouth story , and scarce safe to relate , which I finde in the book of Conformity reported , as cited by a Demoniack woman , from the mouth of a certain Frier , named Jacobus de Pozali , in his Sermon ; That S. Macarius once went about to make peace betwixt God and Satan ; That it pleased God to say , If the Devill will acknowledge his fault I will pardon him : To which the evill spirit returned answer , I will never acknowledge any fault of mine ; yea , that crucified Saviour should rather cry me mercy for keeping me thus long in hell : To whom Macarius , ( as he well might ) Avoid Satan . I know not whether more to blame their Saint ( if they report him right ) for too much charity , or for too little grace and wit , in so presumptuous an indeavour : The very treaty was in him blasphemous ; the answer no other then could be expected from a spirit obdured in malice , and desperate in that obdurednesse ; The truth is , he hates us because he hated God first ; and like the enraged Panther , tears the picture , because he cannot reach the person whom it represents . He that made him an Angell tels us what he is , since he made himselfe a Devill , even a man-slayer from the beginning : His very trade is Murther and Destruction , and his executions unweariable : he goes abous continually like a roaring Lion , seeking whom he may devour . It is no other then a marvailous mystery of Divine state , too deep for the shallownesse of humane souls to reach into , that God could with one word of his powerfull command destroy and dissolve all the powers of hell ; yet he knows it best not to do it : only we know he hath a justice to glorifie , as well as a mercy ; and that he knows how to fetch more honour to himself , by drawing good out of evill , then by the amotion , and prevention of evill . Glory be to that infinite power , justice , mercy , providence , that contrives all things both in heaven and earth , and hell , to the highest advantage of his own blessed Name , and to the greatest benefit of his elect . SECT. V. The variety of the spiritual assaults of Evil Spirits . OUT of this hellish mixture of power , skill , malice , do proceed all the deadly machinations of these infernal spirits , which have enlarged their Kingdome , and furnished the pit of destruction . It was a great word of the chosen Vessel , We are not ignorant of Satans devises : O blessed Apostle , thy illuminated soul which saw the height of heaven , might also see the depth of hell : Our weak eyes are not able to pierce so low . That Satan is full o● crafty devises we know too well ; but what those devises are , is beyond our reach : Alas , we know not the secret projects of silly men like our selves : yea , who knowes the crooked windings of his own heart ? much lesse can we hope to attain unto the understanding of these infernall plots and stratagems : such knowledge is too wonderfull for us , our clew hath not line enough to fadom these depths of Satan : But though we be not able possibly to descrie those infinite and hidden particularities of Diabolicall art and cunning ; yet our wofull experience and observation hath taught us some generall heads of these mischievous practices : Divers whereof I am not unwilling to learn , and borrow of that great Master of Meditation , Gerson , the learned Chancellour of Paris , a man singularly acquainted with tentations . One while therefore that evill one layes before us the incommodities , dangers , wants , difficulties of our callings ; to dishearten us , and draw us to impatience and listlesseness ; and rather then fail , will make piety a colour of lazinesse ; another while he spurs up our diligence in our worldly vocation , to withdraw us from holy duties : one while , he hides his head , and refrains from tempting , that we may think our selves secure , and slacken our care of defence ; another while , he seems to yield , that he may leave us proud of the victory : one while , he tills us on to our over-hard tasks of austere mortification , that he may tire our piety , and so stupefie us with an heartlesse melancholy : another while , he takes us off from any higher exercises of vertue , as superfluous : one while , he turns and fixes our eyes upon other mens sins , that we may not take view of our own ; another while , he amplifies the worth and actions of others , to breed in us either envy or dejection : one while , he humours our zeal in all other vertuous proceedings , for but the colour of one secret vice ; another while , he lets us loose to all uncontrolled viciousness , so as we be content to make love to some one vertue : one while , under the pretence of discretion , he discourages us from good ( if any way dangerous ) enterprises ; another while , he is apt to put us upon bold hazards , with the contempt of fear or wit , that we may be guilty of our own miscarriage : one while , he works suspicion in love , and suggests mis-constructions of well-meant words or actions , to cause heart-burning between deare friends ; another while , under a pretence of favour , he kills the soul with flattery : one while he stirs up our charity to the publique performance of some beneficiall works , only to win us to vain-glory ; another while , he moves us for avoiding the suspicion or censure of si●gularity , to fashion our selves to the vicious guises of our sociable neighbours : one while he perswades us to rest in the outward act done , as meritoriously acceptable ; another while , under a colour of humility , he disswades us from those good duties , whereby we might be exemplary to others : one while , he heartens us in evil gettings , under pretence of the opportunity of liberall alms-giving ; another while , he closes our hands in a rigorous forbearance of needfull mercy , under a fair colour of Justice : one while , he incites us under a pretence of zeal , to violate charity , in unjust censures and violent executions ; another while , under pretence of mercy to bear with grosse sins : one while , he stirs us up , under a colour o● charitable caution , to wound our neighbour with a secret detraction ; another while , out of of carnall affections he would make us the pandars of others vices : one while , he sets on the tongue to an inordinate motion , that many words may let fall some sinne ; another while he restrains it in a sullen silence , out of an affectation of a commendable modesty : one while , out of a pretended honest desire to know some secret and usefull truth , he hooks a man into a busie curiosity , and unawares intangles the heart in unclean affections ; another while , he broaks many a sin with only the bashfulnesse of inquiry : one while , he injects such pleasing thoughts of fleshly delights , as may at the first seem safe and inoffensive ; which by a delayed entertai●ment prove dangerous , and inflaming ; another while , he over-layes the heart with such swarms of obscene suggestions , that when it should be taken up with holy devotion , it hath work enough to repell and answer those sinfull importunit●es : one while , he moves us to an ungrounded confidence in God for a condescent , or deliverance ; that upon our disappointment he may work u●to impatience ; or , upon our prevailing to a pride , and over-weening opinion of our mistaken faith ; another while , he casts into us glances of distrust , where we have sure ground of belief : one while , he throws many needlesse scruples into the conscience , for a causelesse perplexing of it ; affrighting it even from lawfull actions ; another while he labours so to widen the conscience , that even grosse sins may passe down unfelt : one while he will seem friendly in suggesting advise to listen unto good counsell ( which yet he more strongly keeps us off from taking ) for a further obduration ; another while , he moves us to sleight all the good advise of others , out of a perswasion of our own self-sufficiency ; that we may be sure to fall into evill : one while he smooths us up in the good opinion of our own gracious disposition , that we may rest in our measure ; another while he beats us down with a disparagement of our true graces , that we may be heartlesse and unthankfull : one while , he feeds us with a sweet contentment in a colourable devotion , that we may not care to work our hearts to a solid piety ; another while , he endeavours to freeze up our hearts with a dulnesse and sadnesse of spirit in our holy services , that they may prove irksome , and we negligent : one while he injects lawfull but unseasonable motions of requisite imployments , to cast off our mindes from due intention in prayers , hearing , meditation ; another while he is content we should over-weary our selves with holy tasks , that they may grow tediously distastefull : one while , he woes a man to glut himselfe with some pleasurable sin , upon pretence that this satiety may breed a loathing of that , whereof he surfeits ; another while he makes this spiritual drunkenness but an occasion of further thirst : one while , he suggests to a man the duty he owes to the maintenance of his honour , and reputation , though unto bloud ; another while , he bids him be tongue-proof , that he may render the party shamelesly desperate in evil doing : one while , he allows us to pray long , that we may love to heare our selves speak , and may languish in our devotion ; another while , he tells us there is no need of vocall prayers , since God hears our thoughts : one while , he urgeth us to a busie search , and strong conclusion of the unfailable assurance of our election to glory , upon slippery and unsure grounds ; another while to a carelesse indifferency , and stupid neglect of our future estate , that we may perish through security : one while , sleighting the measure of contrition as unsufficient ; another while , working the heart to take up with the least velleity of penitent sorrow , without straining it to any further afflictive degrees of true penance : one while , suggesting such dangerous points of our self-examination , that the resolution is every way unsafe ; so as , we must presume upon our strength , if we determine affirmatively ; if negatively , decline towards despair ; another while encouraging a man by the prosperous event of his sin , to re-act it ; and by the hard successes of good actions , to forbear them : one while , under pretence of giving glory to God for his graces , stirring up the heart to a proud over valuing our own vertues , and abilities ; another while stripping God of the honour of his gifts by a causelesse pusillanimity : one while aggravating our unworthinesse to be sons , servants , subjects , guests , almsmen of the holy and great God ; another while , upon some poor works of piety , or charity , raising our conceits to a secret gloriation of our worthinesse , both of acceptance and reward , and Gods beholdingnesse to us . Shortly , ( for it were easie to exceed in instances ) one while casting undue fears into the tender hearts of weak regenerates , of Gods just desertions , and of their own sinfull deficiencies ; another while , puffing them up with ungrounded presumptions of present safety , and future glory . These and a thousand more such arts of Deceit do the evil spirits practise upon the poor soul of wretched man to betray it to everlasting destruction : And if at any time , they shall pretend fair respects , it is a true observation of a strict votary , That the Devils of Consolation , are worse then the afflictive . O my soul , what vigilance can be sufficient for thee , whiles thou art so beset with variety of contrary temptations . SECT. VI . Of the apparitions and assumed shapes of evil spirits . BEsides these mental and ordinary onsets , we find when these malignant spirits have not stuck , for a further advantage , to cloath themselves with the appearances of visible shapes , not of meaner creatures only , but of men , both living and dead ; yea , even of the good Angels themselves . It were easie to write volumes of their dreadful and illusive apparitions ; others have done it before me , my pen is for other use : The times are not past the ken of our memory , since the frequent ( and in some part , true ) reports of those familiar Devils , Fayires , and Goblins , wherewith many places were commonly haunted ; the rarity whereof in these latters times , is sufficient to descry the difference betwixt the state of ignorant superstition , and the clear light of the Gospell : I doubt not but there were many frauds intermixed both in the acting , and relating divers of these oecurrences ; but he that shall detrect from the truth of all , may as well deny there were men living in those ages before us : Neither can I make question of the authentique records of the examinations , and confessions of Witches and Sorcerers , in severall regions of the world , * agreeing in the truth of their horrible pacts with Satan , of their set meetings with evill spirits , their beastly homages , and conversations ; I should hate to be guilty of so much incredulity , as to charge so many grave Judges , and credible historians with lyes . Amongst such fastidious choice of whole dry-fats of voluminous relations , I cannot forbear to single out that one famous story of Magdalene de la Groix , in the year of our Lord Christ , 1545. * who being borne at Cordova in Spain , whether for the indigence or devotion of her parents , was at five yeares age , put into a Covent of Nuns : at that age an evill spirit presented himselfe to her in the form of a Blackmore , soul and hideous ; she startled at the sight , not without much horror : but with faire speeches and promises of all those gay ●oyes , wherewith children are wont to be delighted , she was won to hold society with him ; not without strong charges of silence and secrecy : In the mean time giving proof of a notable quick wit , and more then the ordinary ability incident into her age ; so as she was highly esteemed , both of the young novices , and of the aged Nuns . No sooner was she come to the age of 12 or 13 years , then the Devill solicits her to marry with him , and for her dowry , promises her that for the space of 30 years , she shall live in such fame and honour for the opinion of her sanctity , as that she shall be for that time , the wonder of all Spain . Whiles this wicked spirit held his unclean conversation with her in her chamber , he delegates another of his hellish complices , to supply the place and form of his Magdalene in the Church , in the Cloister , in all their meetings ; not without marvailous appearance of gravity , and devotion ; disclosing unto her also , the affairs of the world abroad , and furnishing her with such advertisements , as made her wondred at ; and won her the reputation , not of an holy virgin only , but of a Prophetesse . Out of which height of estimation , although she was not for years capable of that dignity , she was by the general votes of the sister-hood chosen unanimously , to be the Abbesse of that Covent : Wonderfull were the feats which she then did . The Priest cries out in his celebration , that he missed one of the holy Hosts , which he had consecrated : and lo , tha● was by her wonted Angell , invisibly conveighed to holy Magdalene ; The wall that was betwixt her lodging and the Quire , at the elevation of the host , clave asunder , that holy Magdalene might see that sacred act : And ( which was yet more notorious ) on solemn festivals , when the Nuns made their procession , Magdalene was in the sight of all the beholders , lift up from the earth , the height of three cubits , as if she should have been rapt up to heaven : and sometimes , while she bore in her arm● little image of the child Jesus , new born , and naked , weeping ( like a true Magdalene ) abundantly over the babe ; her hair seemed by miracle , suddainly lengthened so low as to reach unto her ankles , for the covering of the naked child ; which so soon as she had laid aside that dear burden , returned suddenly to the wonted length : These and many other the like miracles , made her so famous , that Popes , Emperour ▪ the Grandees of Spain wrote to her , beseeching her in their letters to recommend their affairs to God in her powerful devotions ; and in requiring her advise & advertisements in matters of high importance ; as appeared afterwards , by the letters found in her Cabinet . And the great Ladies of Spain , and other parts would not wrap their new-born infants in any clouts or swathing-bands , but such as the sacred hands of Abbess Magdalene had first touched & blessed : All , the Nuns of Spain were proud of so great an honour of their order , and such miraculous proofs of their sanctity . At last it pleased God to lay open this notable fraud of the Divell ; for Magdalene after thirty years acquaintance with this her paramour , having been Abbess now twelve years , began to conceive some remorse for her former practises ; and growing to a detestation of her horrible society with that evill spirit , found means freely to discover to the Visitors of her Order , all the whole carriage of this abominable and prodigious wickedness . Although some credible , wise , and learned persons have reported , that she , perceiving the Nuns to have taken secret notice of her foul pranks , lest she should run into a deserved condemnation , did ( under the favour of those laws which give pardon to self-accusing offenders ) voluntarily confesse her monstrous villany and impiety . This confession blankt many of her favourers and admirers ; and seemed so strange , that it was held fit not to beleeve it , without strict and legall examinations , and proceedings : Magdalene was close imprisoned in her Covent ; and being called to question , confessed all this mysterie of iniquity : Yet still her Moore continued his illusions ; for , while she was fast lockt up in her Cell , with a strong guard upon her dores ; the Nuns were no sooner come into the Quire , towards morning , to say their Mattins ; then this deputy-apparition of Magdalene , took up her wonted stall , and was seen devoutly tossing her beads amongst her sisters ; so as they thought the Visitors had surely freed her of the crimes objected , upon her vehement penitence : But hearing that Magdalene was still fast caged in her prison , they acquainted the Visitors with what they had seen the morning before : who upon full examination found , that she had never lookt out of the dores of her Gaole . The processe was at last sent up to Rome ; whence , since the confession was voluntary , she had her absolution . A Story of great note and use for many occasions , and too well known to the world , to admit of either deniall , or doubt , and ratified , as by the known consent of the time , so by the faithfull records of Zuingerus , Bodin , Reney , Goulartius . Lord God! what cunning conveyances are here of the foul spirit ? what subtile hypocrisie ? what powerfull illusions ? enough to make sanctity it self suspected ; enough to shame the pretence of miracles : He can for an advantage be an holy Nun , as well as an ugly Moore , he can be as devout at Mattins , Sacraments , Processions , as the best : What wonder ? when he can at pleasure counterfeit an Angell of light ? In that glorious form did he appear to Simeon Stylites of old , to Girtrude of Westphalia , not without the entertainment of her joy and devotion ; till Hermanus of Arnsburgh descryed the fraud , and taught her to avoid it by a means no lesse advantagious to that ill spirit , then her former devotion : Yea , yet higher , to Pachomius , and to Valens the Monk , as Palladius reports , he durst appear and call for adoration , and had it , under the form of the Lord of life , blessed for ever . How vain is the observation of those Authors , who make this the difference betwixt the apparitions of good Angels , and evill ; that the good make choice of the shapes , either of beautifull persons , or of those creatures which are clean , and hurtlesse ; as of the shape of a Lamb to Clement , or an Hart to Eustace , or a Dove to Gummarus ; whereas the evill put themselves into the forms of deformed men , or of harmfull , and filthy beasts : as of a Goat , to the assembly of Witches ; of Hogs , in the Churches of Agatha prophaned by the Arrians ; of Serpents , Dragons , Toads , and other loathsome and terrible Creatures , to St. Hilary and Anthony , as Athanasius and Hierom ( in their supposititious relations ) have reported . And that if at any time he take upon him the shape of a man , yet it is with some notable defect , and incongruity of limbs ; as with a right foot cloven , or with a whole hoof ; never intirely humane : when we see that the very glory of Angels escapes not their counterfaisance . We know how easie it is for the Almighty to ordain some such mark to be set upon the false shapes of evill spirits , for their better discovery : but why should we rather suppose this to be done in the case of humane bodies , then of heavenly Angels ? why more in the resemblance of men , then of all other creatures since their deceit may be no lesse dangerous in either ? But as for these visible Devils , they are in these dayes very rare ; and where they have appeared , have wont to work more affright then spirituall prejudice . Evil spirits are commonly most pernicious to the soul , when they are least seen ; as not caring so much for our terrour , as our seduction . O God , they are crafty , but thou art wisdome it selfe ; they are malicious , but thou art goodnesse : let thy goodnesse and wisdome ever protect and safe-guard us ; so shall we be , not more wretched , and unsafe in our selves , then we shall be in thee , secure and happy . SECT. VII . The vehemence of Satans last conflicts . THese spirits ( because such ) are neither capable of sleep nor wearinesse : as they are therefore ever busie , and restlesse in their assaults , so their last conflicts use to be most vehement ; whether it be for that , now , the soul is passing out of their reach , as we finde they did most tear and torture the Demoniack , when they saw themselves upon the point of their ejection : or whether it be for that the painfull agonies of death yield them more hopes of advantage ; since the soul , whiles it is strugling with those last pangs , must needs have her powers distracted in her resistances . Cruelty where it would prevail , will be sure to lay most load upon the weakest : Hereupon it is , that holy men have been most carefull to arm themselves stronglyest against those last onsets ; and to bend all the forces of their souls upon their safe dissolution : The holy sister of S. Basil , and Melania , whom S. Jerome magnifies for their sanctity ; beseech God with great fervency , that those envious spirits may not hinder them in their last passage : and devout Bernard to the same purpose , when he drew near his end , sues to his friend for his earnest prayers , that the heel of his life might be kept safe from the Serpent , so as he might not find where to fix his sting . Hence it is that in former times , good souls have been so provident to hearten themselves against the faint pulls of their death beds , with that [ viaticum sacrum ] the strongest spiritual Cordiall of the blessed Eucharist , which hath yielded them such vigour of heavenly consolation , that they have boldly defied all the powers of darknesse , and in spight of all those assaults , have laid themselves down in peace . O God , I know Satan can want no malice , nor will to hurt ; I should be his , if I lookt for favour from him ; he must and will do so much of his worst to me , as thou wilt permit : whether thou wilt be pleased to restrain him , or strengthen me , thy will be done : O lead me not into temptation : and when thou doest so , shew thy self strong in my weaknesse ; arm me for my last brunt , stand by me in my last combat , make me faithfull to the death , that thou mayest give me a Crown of life . SECT. VIII . Of our carriage towards wicked Spirits , and the wayes of our prevalence against them . WE have seen what the carriage of the evil spirits is to us ; it were fit we should ask in what terms we must stand towards them : That we must maintain a perpetuall hostility against them , cannot be doubted ; and what ever acts may tend towards the securing of our selves and the abating of the Kingdome and power of darknesse those must be exercised by us , to the utmost Justly do we scorn to be beholden to that deadly enemy , in receiving courtesies from him . Favours from such hands , are both sins and curses . He that can so easily transform himself , will seem to doe good ; What cures doth he often work ? what discoveries of thefts ? what remedies of Diabolicall operations and possessions by the agency of Witches , Wisards , Magicians ? what an ordinary traffique doth he hold of Charms , Spels , Amulets ? Ignorance and superstition are willing enough to be befriended by such pernicious helps , whereby that subtile spirit both wins and kills the soul , whiles he cures the body . It is not easie for a man , where he receives a benefit to suspect an enmity : but withall , it is no lesse then stupidity , when we finde a good turn done us , not to enquire whence it came ; and if we finde it to proceed from a mischievous intent of further hurt , not to refuse it . That there have been diseases remedied , wounds healed bloud stanched , thorns pluckt out , Serpents stupefied , winds procured by Charms , is so notorious , that whoso would doubt of it , should make himself a wonder of incredulity ; now then , by what power doe we think these things done ? Naturall it cannot be , for there is no such efficacy in words or characters , ( being but of meer devise and arbitrary imposition ) as may produce reall effects . Preter-naturall then it must be ; and if so , then either divine , or diabolicall : of God , it cannot be ; where hath he given warrant to any such practise ? where any promise to concurre with it ? Nay , how oft hath he testified his prohibitions , and detestation of these courses ? Needs must it therefore be by devilish operation ; whose agents , Witches and Sorcerers are ; and whose means of working , are these superstitious inventions ; which by a secret compact , receive their force and successe from those infernall powers . Let those , then , that have given to Satan their souls , take favours from him for their bodies : Let us that defie the author , abhor the courtesie . Mine enemy offers me a rich garment , I know it is poysoned , else he would not give it me ; shall I take it because it is rich , or refuse it because it is infectious ? Let me be sick rather then receive help from such hands ; Let my goods be lost , rather then my soul hazarded : Let me die rather then owe my life to my Makers enemy . SECT. IX . How we are to proceed against Evil Spirits . WE may not yeeld to that evill one ; our next thought must be how to oppose him : Our skilfull Leade● hath prescribed a spirituall panoply , both for defence and victory : The helmet of salvation , the brest-plate of righteousnesse , the girdle of verity , the sword of the spirit ; and above all , the shield of faith , wherewith we may be able both to quench and beat back the fiery darts of that wicked one . These well put on , and well managed , shall both secure us , and foil our adversary . But the art of repelling severall ●emptations is a long work ▪ and wor●hy of a just volume How we ought to deal with evill spirits in their bodily apparitions and possessions , may be seasonable for our present enquiry . Whereas , then , there is pretended to be only a double way of proceeding for their ejection ; the one , by Pact , the other by Command : as the former is disclaymed by all faithfull Christians ; so the other is wont to be challenged and practised by some who lay no small claim to holiness : This we call Exorcism , or Conjuration ; a course so well approved of the Churches of the Roman correspondence , as that they make this office one of the seven stairs , whereby they ascend to their highest Order : But so dis-relished by us , that we ordinarily place Conjurers in the same rank with Sorcerers and Professors of the Black and damned Arts ; although indeed , upon a strict inquisition we shall finde them far different ; for Conjuration or Exorcism implyes a kinde of force and violence ; whereas those that are in league with Satan , go on , as upon a set match in a way cursedly amicable : this latter is hainously sinfull , as being directly against the divine law , and a professed affront to the majesty of God ; the former unjustifiable , as being without divine warrant . It is most true , that the Disciples of Christ , and their primitive successors ejected Devils by command ; and could rejoyce to see those evil spirits subjected to their over-ruling charge : but withall , the same persons healed all diseases , were perfect poyson-proof , spake divers languages : why should any in these latter times challenge a right of succession i● one of these , and not claim i● in the other ? All these wer● given with one , and the sam● breath , continued by the same power ; called in and stinted by the same providence , with their fellow-miracles : And if still this priviledge were ordinarily left in the Church , it were not a work for puisnes , and novices , but for the greatest Masters , and the most learned , and eminently-holy Doctors , which the times can possibly yield : And if this were really done , as is commonly vaunted by them ; yet with how much difference from the Apostolick practise and issue ? With them of old , there was no more but a word of command , and an instant ejection : here , what a world of business ? what sprinkling ? what censing ? what blessing of herbs , and other ingredients of suffumigation ? what variety of direfull ceremonies ? and when all is done , the successe shuts up no otherwise then in just suspicion or censure . Not that free scope is given in these last times , without any check to the tyranny of evill spirits : The good providence of the highest hath not left us unfurnished with means of our freedome and deliverance ; whiles we can pray , we cannot be remedilesse : when the Disciples power stuck at the dispossession of a Demoniack , they heard from our Saviour , This kinde goes not out but by fasting and prayer . Whence it is plain , that as there are severall kinds of Devils , one worse and more powerfull then another , so the worst of them are to be vanquished by prayer , sharpened with abstinence . What a difference then there is of times , and means ? at the first it was a greater work to disposs●sse Devils by prayer and fasting , then by command : now , it were far greater to do it by a meer command , then by prayer and fasting : That which was then ordinarily done , were now strangely miraculous ; and that which is the ordinary course now , was then rare and unusuall : The power of an adjuring command we see ceased , the power of fervent prayer can never be out of date . This , and this only is the remedy of both bodily and mentall possession : thus , if we resist the Devill , he shall flee away from us : Upon the ground of this Scripture it was ( as my self was witnesse ) that in our age , Mr. Dayrel , a godly , and zealous preacher , undertook , and accordingly ( through the blessing of God upon his faithfull devotions ) performed , those famous ejectments of evill spirits both at Nottingham and Lanoashire , which exercised the press , and raised no small envy from the gain-sayers : Shortly , all that we have to do concerning malignant spirits , is , to repay them with hatred , to perswade our hearts of their continuall dogging of us for mischief , to arm our selves with constant resolutions of resistance , diligently to watch the wayes of their tentations , to keep the strongest guard upon our weakest parts , to fortifie our selves by our faithfull prayers , and by the vertue of our faith to make him ours , who is able to strengthen us , and to make us more then Conquerors . SECT. X. Of the wofull estate of the Souls of the damned . IT is not for our discourse to sever those whom the divine Justice will have put together : Devils , and damned Souls . There is none of those evill spirits which doth not ( wheresoever he is ) carry his hell about him : yet doubtlesse there are degrees of their torture : Art thou come to torment us before our time , said those Devils to our blessed Saviour ; and how do they beg not to be commanded to the deep ? Reprobate souls are no lesse partners of their pain , then objects of their fury . No sooner is this living spirit of ours dislodged from the body , then it is presented as in a privy Sessions , to her Judge ; from whom she receives a speedy doom of life , or death : the Sentence is instantly seconded with an answerable execution . The good Angels are glad actors in the happy instalment of the Just , in their glory : The evill angels seize upon the guilty soul , and drag it to their hell : As for any third place , or condition ; let them take thought that beleive it ; For me , I must professe , I never saw any colour of ground for it in the sacred Oracles of God , and shal not easily beleeve that a truth mainly importing us , would have been concealed from our eyes . Wo is me , what a dolefull , what a dreadful spectacle is this which is now presented to my soul ? the burning Tophet , the bottomlesse pit , the lake of fire & brimstone , the region of horrour and death : wherein there is the perfection of all more then conceiveable anguish , the full consummation of the divine vengeance to sinners ; exquisitenesse , eternity of torment ; despair and impossibility of release , or intermission ; perpetuall dying , perpetuall living in a death that can never end . How are my thoughts at a losse in this place of confusion ? whether shall I more tremble , O God , at the consideration of thy terrible justice , or be swallowed up with astonishment of these infinite and intolerable sufferings ? I should not know thee , if I did not with holy Chrysostome beleeve , ●hat the utter l●sse of thy presence alone , is as a thousand hels : to be for ever banished from thy sight , in which is the fulnesse of joy , what can it be lesse then fulnesse of torment ? But alas , this is farre from a meer absence . The very sin of the damned is no small part of their hell ; for as all their powers , parts , faculties , are as so many subjects of their insupportable pain and torture ; so out of that insufferable extremity , they conceive a desperate indignation , and hatred against God ; not as he is in himself infinitely good , ( for goodness can be no object of hate ) but as he is to them , a severe ( though most just ) avenger of sin ; to which is ever added a will obstinately fixed in evill ; whiles they were in their way , they were in a possibility of reclamation , now , that they are ( in termino ) they can be no other then they are ; As therefore the glorified souls are in a condition like to the Angels of heaven ; so the damned , are in the state of Devils ; not more capable of avoiding torment , then sin ; equally reserved in everlasting chains of darkness to the judgement of the great day . When ( wo is me ) that which seemed little lesse then infinite , shall yet receive a further aggravation of pain and misery : when the addition of the body shall give a further extent to this wofull cru●lation , without all possibility of release for ever . Alas , what anguish do I feel in my self to see the body of a malefactour flaming at a stake ? and yet this is but the act of a few minutes ; for the air so vehemently incended , instantly stops the passage of that free breath , which should maintain life , and the flesh , by apposition of that combustible matter , which encompasses it , is soon turned into dead cinders : but , I could conceive of a body frying a whole day in a continued flame : Lord how should I be affected with the sad compassion of that intolerable torment & burn inwardly with the sense of anothers pain ? but to think of a whole years broyling in such a fire , how can it but turn our bowels within us ? What then , Oh , what is it to conceive of lying in a fire more intense then nature can kindle , for hundreds , thousands , millions , yea millions of millions of years , yea further beyond these then these are beyond a minute of time to all eternity ? where ( besides the indurance ) every thing that makes towards the mitigation of other pains , addes to these . Here is society of tortures , but such as tortureth more : Those perpetuall howlings , and shriekings , and wailings of so many millions of the damned , were enough to make the place an hell , even to him that should be exempted from those sufferings : Here is some glimpse of knowledge of the blessed estate of glorified souls ; enough to heighten their envie , enough to perfect their torment ; even as meat is set before that man which is doomed to famish : Shortly , here is exquisite disconsolateness , gloomy darknesse , extreme horror , pain insufferable , hideous ejulations , utter hopelesness , vexing indignation , furious blasphemies , infinite dolour and anguish , without relaxation , without pity , without possibility of remedy , or ease , or end . How can it be otherwise ? O God , if thy mercy have prepared such an heaven for thy poor servants , whose very best works , for their great imperfection , deserve nothing but punishment , what an hell hath thy justice provided for those enemies of thine , that wilfully despight thee , and offend of malicious wickedness ! How infinitely art thou more just then sinners can be miserable ! But it is enough , O my soul , to have lookt into the pit ; enough to make thee lament the wofull condition of those that are there shut up : enough to warne thee to avoid those sinfull wayes , that lead downe to these chambers of death : enough to make thee think no tears can be sufficient to bewail the desperate carelesnesse of wretched sinners , that run on in a known course of wickednesse , without any regard of an insuing damnation : Alas , ( so as they are bewitched ) they have not the grace to pity themselves ; and to foresee the danger of their own utter perdition ; which if they could but look into , they would be ready to run mad with horrour : Poor souls , could they but recover their reason , they would then think , if a thousand daies pleasure cannot weigh with one hours torment , what do I buy one hours pleasure with the torment of more then ten thousand ages ? how do I dare to dance for a few minutes upon the mouth of hell with the peril of an everlasting burning ? Surely , if Infidelity had not rob'd men of their wits , they could not resolve to purchase the momentany pleasures of sin with so dreadfull and eternall damnation . SECT. XI . A Recapitulation of the whole discourse . ANd now , what is to be done ? Surely , as some Traveller , that hath with many weary steps passed through divers Kingdoms and Countries being now returned to his quiet home , is wont to solace his leasure by recalling to his thoughts , a short mentall landskip of those regions , through which he hath journyed ; here conceiving a large Plain , there a Lake ; here a track of Mountains , there a Wood ; here a Fen , there a City ; here a Sea , there a Desert : so do thou , O my soul , upon this voyage of thine through the great invisible World ; bethink thy self of what thou hast seen , and so abridge this large Prospect to thy self , as that it may never be out of thine eye . Think first , that whatsoever thou seest , thou canst not look besides the invisible majesty of thy God ; all this materiall world is his , he is in all , rather all is in him ; who so comprehends this Universe , that he is infinitely without it ; think of him as with thee , as in thee , as every where . Do thou , therefore , ever acknowledge him , ever adore him , ever enjoy him , ever be approved of him : see him from whom thou canst not be hid ; relye on him without whom thon canst not subsist ; glorifie him without whom thou canst not be happy . Next , as those that have their celestial life and being by from , and in him , wonder at the glorious Hierarchy of the heavenly Angels , blesse him in their pure , and spirituall nature , in their innumerable numbers , in their mighty power , in their excellent knowledge blesse him in their comely orders , in their divine offices , in their beneficiall imployments , in their gracious care , and love of mankind : And ( so far as weak flesh and bloud may with pure and majestical spirits ) converse with them daily , entertaine them ( so thou knowest they are present ) with awfull observances , with spirituall allocutions ; ask of thy self how pleasing thine actions are to them ; receive from them their holy injections ; return to them ( under thy God ) thy thankful acknowledgments ; expect from them a gracious tuition here , and an happy transportation to thy glory . After these represent to thy self the blessed society of the late charge , and now partners of those heavenly Angels , the glorified Spirits of the just : see the certainty of their immortall being in the state of their separation ; see them in the very instant of their parting blessed with the vision , with the fruition of their God ; see how they now bathe themselves in that celestiall blisse , as being so fully sated with joy and happiness , that they cannot so much as desire more : see them in a mutuall interknowledge , enjoying each others blessednesse : see the happy communion which they hold with their warfaring brother-hood here upon earth , whose victory and consummation they do in a generality sue for to the throne of Grace : Foresee them , lastly , after a longing desire of meeting with their old , and never forgotten partner , joyfully reunited to their now-glorified bodies , and imploying their eternity of life in continuall Hallelujahs to him that sits upon the throne . Take up thy rest here , O my soul , for ever , but do not as yet thus end thy prospect ; it is good for thee to know worse things . If in Paradise the Tree of the knowledge of good and evill were forbidden to our first parents , the act of the knowledge of both is not forbidden to us ; Even to know evill in speculation , may avoid the knowledge of it in a wofull experience . See then , O my soul , the best creature falling from good into evill ; in choosing it , see him , by misinclining his own will , apostatizing from his infinite Creatour , and hurled down headlong from the height of heavenly glory , to the bottome of the nethermost hell : see the irrecoverable condition , and dreadfull numbers of those precipitated Angels ; see their formidable power , their implacable malice , their marvailous knowledge , craft , skill , to do m●schief , their perpetuall machinations of our destruction , especially in their last assaults ; see their counterfaisance in their glorious , and seemingly-holy apparitions , for a spirituall advantage ; and when thou hast recollected thy self to a resolution of defiance , and unweariable resistance , c●st thine eye upon the deplorable condition of those damned souls , whom they have either betrayed by their fraud , or by their violence mastered : and whiles thou doest blesse and magnifie the divine Justice in their deserved torment ; spend thy tears upon those , who would needs spend their eternity of beeing , in weeping , wailing , and gnashing ; And lastly , rouz up thy self in this moment of thy remaining life , unto all carefull and fervent indeavours to save thy self , and to rescue others from this fearfull damnation . SECT. XII . The Comparison of both worlds : & how our thoughts and affections should be taken up with the Invisible World . NOw then , having taken a view of both worlds ; of the materiall world , by the eys of sense and reason ; of the Invisible by the eyes of reason and faith ; I cannot but admire God in both , and both of them in God ; but the Invisible so much more , as it is infinitely beyond the other ; For God himself is the world of this world : whom , whiles in the materiall world we admire in his creatures , in this immaterial we admire in himself . Now , himself must needs be infinitely more wonderfull then many worlds ( if such there were ) of those Creations that should proceed from him . As for the parts of the created , but Invisible world , it must neods be said , that the lightsome part of it hath more glory , then any piece of the materiall world can be capable of : on the contrary , the dark , and privative region of the Invisible world , hath infinitely more horror then the other : for what is the worst and most disconsolate darknesse of this visible world , but a privation of the light of the Sun ; which yet can never be so absolute as to exclude all imperfect diffusion of those in sensible glimmerings ; whereas the darknesse of this spirituall world , is an utter privation of the sight of God ; joined with an unconceiveable anguish Even in nature , spirituall essences must needs be more excellent then bodily , and earthly ; and of onely spirits it is , that the Invisible world consisteth : Besides , what vanity and inconstancy do we find every where , in this materiall and elementary world ? what creature is there which doth not exchange life for death ? being for dissolution ? sanity for corruption ? what uproars do we find in the air ? what ●ommotions , and turbulencies upon earth ? the best state of things is an uncertain vicissitude ; the worst , certain desolation , and destruction : whereas , the Invisible world is setlted in a firm and steady immutability : the blessed Angels and souls of the Saints being so fixed in their glory , that they are now no more capable of alteration . Shortly , he that saw both worlds , shuts up all in one word , The things that are seen are temporal , the things that are not seen eternal . As then , I can never open my bodily eyes , but I shall see the material world , and I hope , I shall never see it , but I shall praise the power , and wisdome , and goodnesse of the infinite Creatour of it ; so shall it be one of the main cares of my life , to blesse the eyes of my soul , with the perpetuall view of the spirituall and Invisible world : Every action , every occurrent shall mind me of those hidden and better things : and I shall so admit of all materiall objects , as if they were so altogether transparent , that through them I might see the wonderful prospects of another world . And certainly , if we shall be able so to withdraw our selves from our senses , that we shall see , not what we see , but what we thinke , ( as it uses to be in the strong intentions of the mind ) and shall make earthly things , not as Lunets , to shut up our sight , but Spectacles to transmit it to spirituall objects : we shall lead a life as far rem●ved from those beasts which we see , as near approaching to those Angels whom we converse with , and see not . Neither shall it be enough for us to know an Invisible world , as to consider that all we see , is the least part of what we see not ; unlesse we bee so affected to the unseen world , as we ought ; It is our knowledg that must shew us how to be Christians , but it is our affection that must make us so : In the acknowledgment therefore of an Invisible glory , and infinitenesse , our hearts must be ever taken up with a continuall awe and reverence If some great Prince shall vouchsafe to let me be seen of him , although he please to keep himself unseen of me ; and shall only ( according to the state of some great Eastern Monarchs ) speak to me behind a Vail , or Traverse ; or ( as the great Prete of the South had wont to grace Ambassadours ) shew me only some part of his leg , so as that I may understand him to be present ; I should thinke it concerned me to carry my self in no lesse seemly fashion towards him , then if I saw his face ; for his sight of me , cals for a due regard from me , not my sight of him : Since therefore we have so certain demonstrations of the undoubted presence of God and his holy Angels ever with us , ( though not discernible by our bodily eyes ) with what fear and trembling , with what reverence and devotion should wee alwayes stand , or walk before them ? making it our main care to be approved of them , to whom we lye no lesse open then they are hid to us . As for the glorified Saints of God , who are gone before us to our home ; with what spirituall joy should we be ravished at the consideration of their blessed condition ? who now have attained to the end of their hopes , glory and bliss without end ; ever seeing , ever enjoying him , at whose right hand are pleasures for evermore ; how should we blesse God for their blessedness , and long for our own ? Lastly , how should our joy be seasoned with a cautious fear , when we cast our eyes upon those objects of dread , and horrour , the principalities and powers of darkness , not so confined to their hell , as to leave us untempted , and increasing their sin and torment by our temptation ? How should our hearts bleed with sorrow , and commiseration of those wretched souls , which we see daily intangled in the snares of the Devill , and captived by him at his will here on earth , and frying under his everlasting torments in the pit of hell ? - How should our hearts be pre-possessed with a most earnest and vigilant care to resist all the dangerous assaults of those wicked spirits , and to prevent the perill of our own like-wofull destruction ? If we i shall make this use of our beeing in this visible world , happy are we that ever we came into it , more happy in our going out of it : for having thus used it , as if we used it not , we shall so enjoy the other , as those that shall ever enjoy it , and , in it , all glory , honour , immortality . Lo then , O my soul , the glorious world which thou art now aspiring unto ; yea , whereinto thou art now entring ; There , there fix thy self never to be removed : Look down upon these inferiour things with an overly contempt ; forget what is past , as if it had never been . Bid a willing farewel to this visible world ▪ wherein as thy Creatour hath a just interest of glory , for that the substance of it is the wondrous workmanship of his hands ; so Satan ( styled he Prince of it ) claimeth no small share , in regard of its sinfull depravation . Farewell then ye frivolous and windy honours , whose management is ever wont to be in others hands , not in our own ▪ which have ever been no lesse fickle then the breath ye have depended upon ; whose chief use hath been for temptation , to puffe up the heart with a proud conceit of eminence above others ; not requiting in the mean while the danger with any solid contentment . Farewell ye deceitfull ▪ Riches , which when we have , we cannot hold ; and even while we hold , we cannot enjoy : and if we offer and affect to enjoy , is it not with our spirituall losse ? for what love we yeeld to cast away upon you we abate to him that is the true and all-sufficient good ; More then for necessary use , we are never the better for you , often times the worse , your load is more uneasie , then your worth is precious . Farewell pleasures ( if I ever knew what ye were ) which have alwayes wont to afford more sting then honey : whose onely scope hath professedly been , under a pretence of delectation , to debauch and emasculate the mind , and to dis-relish all spirituall comforts , where your expectation hath been somewhat delightfull , your fruition hath been unsatisfiing● , your loose displeasing , your remembrance irksome . Farewell friends , some of whose unsteadinesse and unfaithfulnesse hath helpt to adde to my load , which the fidelity of others had not power to ease , whose love might be apt to condole my shipwrack , but could not spare me a plank to swim to the shore : Shortly , whose common misery may be more ready to receive , then give comfort . The honour that I now reach at , is no lesse then a crown , and that no fading and corruptible ( as all these earthly Diadems are ) but immarcescibly eternall , a crown of righteousnesse , a crown of glory . The riches that I am now for are not such as are digged out of the base entrails of the earth , obnoxious to spoil and plunder , but treasures ▪ laid up in heaven . The pleasures that I now affect ▪ are the fulnesse of joy at the right hand of the Almighty for eve more . The friends that I ambitiously sue for , are those that shall receive me into everlasting habitation . Lastly farewell vanishing life , and welcome blessed eaernity : Even so Lord Jesu , come quickly . FINIS . THE CONTENTS . THE FIRST BOOK Of God and his Angels . THe Preface . § 1. That there is an Invisible world . § 2. The distribution of the Invisible world . § 3. Of the Angels of heaven Their Numbers . § 4. The power of Angels . § 5. The knowledg of Angels § 6. The Imployment , and operations of Angels . § 7. The Degrees and Orders of Angels § 8. The Apparitions of Angels . § 9. The respects which we owe to the Angels . The Second Book . Of the souls of blessed men § 1 Of their Separation and Immortality . § 2. Of the present vision of God upon the egression of the soul . § 3. Of the perpetuall vigilance of the soul and its fruition of God . § 4. Of the knowledge of the glorified . § 5. Of the glory of heaven enjoyed by blessed souls . § 6. Wherein the glory of the Saints above consisteth , and how they are imployed . § 7. In what terms the departed Saints stand to us , and what respects they bear us . § 8. The re-union of the body to the soul , and both glorified . The third Book . Of the Devils and damned Souls . § 1. Of the evill Angels . Of their first sin and fall . § 2. Of the number of Apostate Spirits . § 3. Of the power of Devils . § 4. Of the knowledge and malice of wicked Spirits . § 5. Of the variety of the spirituall assaults of evill Spirits . § 6. Of the apparitions and shapes assumed of the evill Spirits . § 7. The vehemence of Satans last conflicts . § 8. Of our carriage towards wicked Spirits . § 9. How we are to proceed against evill Spirits . § 10. Of the wofull estate of the damned souls . § 11 : A recapitulation of the whole discourse . § 12. The comparison of both worlds . And how our thoughts and affections should be taken up with the Invisible world . FINIS . COURTEOUS READER , These Books following are Printed for John Place , and are to be sold at his Shop at Furnivalls-Inn Gate in Holborn . Books in Folio . 1. THe History of the World , by Sir VValter Raleigh Knight . 2. Things new and old , or a Store-house of Similies , Sentence , Allegories , Addages , Apologies Divine , Morall and Politicall , by John Spencer of Sion Colledge . 3. Observations on Caesars Commentaries , by Sir Clement Edmunds Kt. 4. Shepparts Epitomy of the Law . 5. The Reports of the learned Judge Popham , sometime Lord chief Justice of England . 6. The Reports of the learned Judge Owen , chief Justice of the Common Pleas . 7. Londinopolis , or a History of the Cities of London and Westminster , by James Howell . 8. The History of Swedes , Gothes , and Vandals , by Olaus Magnus Bishop of Vpsall . 9. The Reports of the learned Serjeant Bridgman . 10. Cowells Interpreter of hard words in the Law , &c. 11. Maximes of Reason , or the Reason of the Common Law , by Edward VVingat ▪ Esq late one of the Benchers of Grays-Inn . 12. The History of Edward the Fourth , of the Wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster , by VV.H. Esquire . 13. The Minister of State , wherein is shewed the true use of Policy , by Monsieur de Siton Secretary to Cardinal Richlew , Englished by Sir Henry Herbert Kt. Books in Quarto . 1. The Compleat Clerk , or Scriveners Guide , containing the Draughts of all manner of Presidents , of Assurances , and Instruments now in use , as they were penned by the most learned and eminent Lawyers . 2. Commentaries on the Originall Writs , in Natura Brevium , by VVilliam Hughes of Grays-Inn Esq. 3. An exact Abridgment of the Common Law , with the Cases thereof drawn out of the old and new Books of the Law , &c. by VVilliam Hughes of Grays-Inn Esquire . 4. An exact Abridgment of the Acts and Ordinances of Parliament , beginning at the fourth year of King Charles , to the year , 1656. 5. Declarations and Pleadings , &c. in the Upper-bench , by VVilliam Small of Furnivals-Inn , late one of the Clerks in the Upper-bench Court . 6. Declarations , Counts and Pleadings in the Common Pleas , by Richard Brownlow Esquire , late Prothonotary ; The second part . 7. A Collection of learned Speeches and Passages in Parliament , beginning in the yeare , 1640. and ending in the yeare 1642 , 8. The Faithfull Counsellor , or the Marrow of the Law in English , by VVilliam Sheppard Esquire , now Serjeant at Law . 9. The Dead speaking , or the living man revived , in a Sermon preached at the Funeral of Mr. Sam. Oliver , by Mr Chitwind M. A. with two exhortations of Mr. Thom M. A. 10. The floating Island , by Dr. Strowd , acted at Oxford . 11. The Tragedy of the fair Irene the Greek , by Gilbert Sumhoe Esquire . 12. Witchcraft condemned , or Dr. Lamb revived in the unheard of practice of Anne Bodenham , Arraigned at Sarum Ass●●es . 1653. 13 Bethell , or the form for Families , by Matthew Grifith . 1. The Jurisdictions of Courts , by John K●tch●n of Barnards Inn 2. Books of Entries of all manner of Judgments in the Upper-bench and Common Pleas . 3. The Grounds and Maximes of the Law , by Michael Haulke of the Middle Temple . 4. A perfect Guide for a studious young Lawyer , by Thomas Fidell of Furnivals Inn , Gent. 5. The Arraignment of the Anabaptists , in a Dispute at Aberg●veny in Mo●mouthshire , by John Cragge M.A. 6. A Cabinet of Jewells , wherein Gods Mercy , Mans misery , &c. is set forth in eight Sermons , with an Appendix of the nature of Tithes , and expedience of Marriage , by a lawfull Minister , by John Cragge , M.A. 1. The Abridgment of the Lord Dyers Reports , by Sir Thomas Ireland . 2 Observations on the Office of a Lord Chancellor , by the Lord Elsmore , late Lord Chancellor . 3. The Laymans Lawyer , or the second part of the practick part of the Law , by Tho. Foster Gent. 4. The County-Court renewed , or all manner of proceedings there , by William Greenwood , Studient of Furnivals Inn. 1. Transactions of the High Court of Chancery , collected by VV. Tochell . 2. Brookes Cases in English , by J. Marsh of Grays Inn Barester . 3. Poems , by Matthew Stevenson ▪ 4. Perkins of the Laws of England . 5. An exact Abridgment of Dctoor and Student . 6. Invisible World , and the Mystery of Godliness , by Joseph Hall , Bishop of Norwich . 7. Imposition of Hands , by Jos. Hall , Bishop of Norwich . 8. Treatise of Phlebotomy , demonstrating the necessity of it in Diseases of Terms of Election , with the use of the Cupping-Glass , with a Treatise of the Crisis written in French by Da. De. Plumis Campi Chirurgion , now translated into Engl●sh , by E. VV. a well-wisher to Physick and Chyrurgery . 9. The Peace-maker , by VVilliam Page Doctor in Divinity . 10. A Sermon preached at the Funerall of Sir James Penyman , by Allen Smalwood . 11. Clara stella . by R. Heath Esq 12. Doctor Prestons Saints Infirmities . 13. A Comment on the Times , or a Character of the Enemies of the Church , by Thomas VVall , Mr. in Arts . 14. A Catechisme containg the Principles of Christian Religion , written by Moses . VVall . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A45280e-150 Prov. 16.7 . Jer. 2. Hos. 4 ▪ 2. Act● 10.35 . Jude . 3. Ephes. ● . 5 1 Cor. 3 11. 1 Cor. 7. 2● Notes for div A45280e-700 Nulla visibil●a nisi per invisibilia v●dentur : Telle mentem quae non videtur , & incassum patebit oculus . Greg. Camer. in Act. 23.8 . 2 Cor. 4.18 Omne tempus quo de Deo non cogitat , perdidisse se computat Bern. de spec . mon. Brigit . l. Revelat. 4. Dionys . Areopag . Fo●ner . de Cust. Ange. Serm. 4. Mat. 26.53 . Rev. 5. 11. Dan. 7.10 . Job 25.2 . Cuique electo ordinarie certum propriumque Angelum qui perpetuus sit ejus custos & comes . Zanch de operibus create. . l. 3. c. 15. Psal. 91.11 . * Ex quo fa●ile colligitur , ex vobis unumquemque habere plus quam decem Angelos . Forner . de Cust●d . Ang. Serm. 5. p. 56. * How scant then is the account of the great & voluminous Abulensis , who upon Mat. 18. v. 60. determines that the blessed Virgin had two Angel-keepers ; one , the most noble of the Angeli●●ll order , which guarded her all her life , the other Gabriel an Arch-angell of the second Order , who attended her from the time of Christs conception , untill his passion . Barrad . l 6. c. 10. As also that of Degrassalius : that the French King hath two Angel-guardians , one in regard of his private person , another in respect to his royall Dignity . Degrassal . l. 1. Jure 20. Regal . Franciae . M. Blunts Voyage to the Levant . Ephes. 3.10 . Colos. 2.10 . Ps. 103.10 . 2 King. 19.35 . Joel 3.11 . Gen. 16.3 . Judg. 13.27 . Gen. 22.14 . Arist. Me●aph●s . l. 2. * B●navent . Vulcan . pra●f●t . in lib. de mundo . L. Bacon in his Naturall Hist. Exod. 4. Gen. 24.7 . Qualiter pueri inter tot infantiae discrimina , &c. Gers. Serm. de Angel . In the Churches of Foye Totnesse , & Withicomb . Of the same kinde were those prodigious tempests at Millain Anno 1521. and at Mechlin Aug. 7. Anno 1527. * Nestoires prodigieuses de P. Boaistuan . cap. 8. Of the same kinde was that fearfull Tempest which in the 4 year of K. Will. Rufus , blew down 600 houses in London , and reaving Bow Church carried away six beams of 27 foot long , and struck them into the earth ( the streets being then unpaved ) so deep , tha● o●ly four foot remained above ground . Chron. of S. Rob. Baker of the reign of Will . 2. † M. Will. Cook , sen . of Waltham holy Crosse . Marc. Aurel. Antoninus his Meditat , concerning himself , l. 1. c. 17. The like he reports of Chryses , ibid. Vt Commensales Deo , Forner . Ser. 4. de Cust. A●g. or as Cassaneus , Cubicularii & servi●utes , Throni Glor. mund 4 part . Forner . de Custod . Ang. Serm. 5. Compare Ephes. 1.21 . with Colos. 1.16 . S. Matild . l. Revel. c. 54. Citat . etiam a Forter . * Ad nutum & arbitrium fibi assistentis Daemonis vel declinabat negotia , vel petebat . Minut. Foelicis Octav. Duac . 18. Febr. 1627. ex literis Pet. Rav. Forn . Ser. 5. Ignat. Loiol . Xavi●r . ●her●si● . Isidore . Po●ippus ●●r●us . 4 〈◊〉 Ma 〈◊〉 Anno 16●● . Theodor . l. 3. c. 11. Goulart . Histoir mem'r . ex Melanct. in Dan. c. 20. Bromiard . Sum. praedicant . v. Humilitas . S. Maternus . * One John Trelille . * At Whitsontide . Sim. Goular . ex J. Manlio . Bern. in Psal. Qui habi●at . Rev. 19.10 . Hieron. Quest ●o●d Al●g●s●m . Angelici . Prateolus ●l●nch . v. Angelici . Rejecta expositio a Pontificiis , ut non modo periculosa sed & falsa . Vid. Binium in notis in Pium pap●n Tom. 1. pag. 103. Reading it Angulos instead of Angelos . Gen. 48.19 Jo. Bromiar . Sum. pradic . v. superbia . 1 Cor 11. Notes for div A45280e-4610 ●icero de Senectu●e . Quicquid est illud quod sentit , qud sapit , quod vult , quòd viget , coeleste & divinum est , ob eamque rem aeternum sit necesse est . Tull Tusc. quaest. l. 1. Lumen aliquod substantiale anim●s habere haud improbe videmur advertere , quando in Evangelio legitu● , quod illuminat omnem hominem venientem in mundum : Deinde quod in cogitatione p●siti nescio quid tenue , volubile , clarum in nob●s inesse sen●imus , quod respicit sine sole , quod videt sine extraneo tumine : Nain si ipsum inse lucidum non esser , ●erum tantam c●●spicientiam non haberet : Tenebrosis ista non sicut data ; omnia caeca torpescunt . Cassiodor . de Anima . Cap. 10. Calvin in loc. Psal. 36.6 . 2 Cor. 5.1 . Heb. 12.22 . B. Andrews in his answer to Bellarmine . 2 Cor. 5.1 . Job . 17.24 . V. 22. 1 Cor. 13.12 . C●los . 1.12 . Eccles. 11.7 . Cant 6.10 . Psal. 27.4 . Revel. 6. Zach. 1.12 . Luk. 15.7.10 . Job . a Jesu . Mar l. 5. de vit. There 's . c. 3 Nos coelestes ac vos exules amore ac puritati sae derate esse debemus , &c. Nos coelites intuentes divinitatem ; vos exules Euceharistiam venerantes ; quam eo affectu quo nos divinitatem suspicimus , colere debetis . Ibid. Notes for div A45280e-5700 Fr. Haytonus in passagio terrae sanctae . Anno 1300. editus a Nicol ▪ Salcone . Isa. 14.12 . Naturalia in damnatis Angelis manent splendidissima . Job . 1.16 . Obscientiam nominati . Aug. l. 9 de Civ● . 2 Cor 2.11 Gerson de variis Diaboli tentationibus . Diabolus gloriosa forma , diademate g●mmeo & aureo redimitus , veste regia indutus , apparuit Martin . precanti , se Christum dicit , cui postsilentium aliquod sanctus : Ego Christum nisi in illo babitu , formaque qua passus est , nisi crucis stigmata proferentem , venisse non credam ; hînc evanuît . Hoc narravit Sulpitio Martinus ipse , ut refert idem Sever Sulp. in vita Martini . * Bodin Daemonomania , ubique . * Sim. Goul. Hist. admirables . Casstod . Reney en ses Relation● , zuinger . Theatre de vie Human . Bodin . Daemonomania , l. 2. Est haec res mirabilis ; nunquam visos esse daemones utroque pede hamano ullibi apparuisse . Forner . de Ang. Ser. 9. J●. Leo Africk d●scr . ●●t .