Contemplations vpon the historicall part of the Old Testament. The eighth and last volume. In two bookes. By I.H. deane of Worcester Contemplations upon the principall passages of the Holy Storie. Vol. 8 Hall, Joseph, 1574-1656. 1626 Approx. 427 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 289 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A02532 STC 12659 ESTC S103673 99839421 99839421 3839 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A02532) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 3839) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1206:1) Contemplations vpon the historicall part of the Old Testament. The eighth and last volume. In two bookes. By I.H. deane of Worcester Contemplations upon the principall passages of the Holy Storie. Vol. 8 Hall, Joseph, 1574-1656. [8], 544, 535-556, [2] p. Printed by M. Flesher for Nath. Butter, London : 1626. Dedication signed: Ios. Hall. Books 20-21. With a final postscript leaf. The first volume was issued under the title: Contemplations upon the principall passages of the holie storie. Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Bible. -- O.T -- Meditations -- Early works to 1800. 2005-11 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-12 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-10 Ali Jakobson Sampled and proofread 2006-10 Ali Jakobson Text and markup reviewed and edited 2007-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion Contemplations VPON THE HISTORICALL Part of the Old Testament . THE EIGHTH and LAST VOLVME . In two Bookes . By I. H. Deane of Worcester . LONDON Printed by M. Flesher for Nath. Butter . 1626. TO THE HIGH AND MIGHTY MONARCH CHARLES , BY The Grace of God KING of Great Britaine , France and Ireland , Defender of the Faith , &c. My dread Soueraigne Lord and Master . May it please your Maiesty : NOw at last ( thankes be to my good God ) I haue finished the long-taske of my Meditations vpon the historicall part of the Old Testament : A Worke that I foresaw must be the issue both of time , and thoughts ; It presumed to intitle it selfe at first , to your Gracious name , in succession to your immortall Brothers ; and now , it brings to your Royall hands , a due account of an happy dispatch . Besides my owne publique ingagement , the incouragements of many worthy Diuines , both at home , and abroad , drew me on , in this pleasing , though busie , labour ; and made mee beleeue the seruice would not be of more paine , then vse . I humbly present it to your Maiestie ; not fearing to say , that in regard of the subiect , it is not so fit for any eies as Princely ; For what doth it else but comment vpon that , which God hath thought good to say of Kings ; what they haue done , what they should haue done ; how they sped in good , in euill ? Certainly there can be none such miroir of Princes vnder heauen , as this , which God hath made for the faces of his Deputies on earth . Neither can the eyes of Soueraigne Greatnesse be better taken vp then with this sacred reflection . If my defects haue not been notorious , the matter shall enough commend the worke ; which together with the vnworthy Author , humbly casts it selfe at the feet of your Maiesty ; with the best vowes of fidelity and obseruance , from him , that prides himselfe in nothing more , then in the style of Your Maiesties most faithfully deuoted seruant , IOS : HALL . Contemplations . The 20th Booke . 1 The Shunamite suing to Iehoram : Elisha conferring with Hazael . 2 Iehu with Iehoram and Iezebel . 3 Iehu killing the sonnes of Abab , and the Priests of Baal . 4 Athaliah and Ioash . 5 Ioash with Elisha dying . 6 Vzziah leprous . 7 Ahaz with his new Altar . 8 The vtter destruction of the Kingdome of Israel . 9 Hezekiah and Senacherib . 10 Hezekiah sicke , recouered , visited . 11 Manasseh . 12 Iosiahs reformation . 13 Iosiahs death , with the desolation of the Temple and Ierusalem . Contemplations . The SHVNAMITE suing to IEHORAM ; ELISHA conferring with HAZAEL . HOw royally hath Elisha paid the Shunamite for his lodging ! To him already she owes the life of her sonne , both giuen , and restored ; and now againe ( after so many yeares , as might well haue worne out the memory of so small a courtesie ) her selfe , her sonne , her family owe their liues to so thankfull a guest . That table , and bed , and stoole , and candlesticke was well bestowed : That candlesticke repaid her the light of her future life and condition , that table the meanes of maintenance , that stoole a seat of safe abode , that bed a quiet rest from the common calamities of her nation : Hee is a niggard to himselfe , that scants his beneficence to a Prophet , whose very cold water shall not go vnrewarded . Elijah preserued the Sareptan from famine ; Elisha the Shunamite ; he , by prouision of oyle and meale ; this , by premonition : Arise , and goe , thou and thine houshold , and soiourne wheresoeuer thou canst soiourne . The Sareptan was poore , and driuen to extremes , therefore the Prophet prouides for her , from hand to mouth : The Shunamite was wealthy , and therfore the Prophet sends her to prouide for her selfe : The same goodnes that relieues our necessity , leaues our competency to the hand of our owne counsell ; in the one , he will make vse of his owne power , in the other , of our prouidence . The very Prophet aduises this holy Client to leaue the bounds of the Church : and to seeke life , where she should not finde religion : Extremity is for the time a iust dispensation with some common rules of our outward demeanure , and motions , euen from better to worse . All Israel and Iudah shall be affamished ; The body can be preserued no where , but where the soule shall want ; Somtimes the conueniences of the soule must yeeld to bodily necessities . Wantonnesse and curiosity can finde no aduantage from that which is done out of the power of need . It is a long famine that shall afflict Israel ; Hee vpon whom the spirit of Elijah was doubled , doubled the iudgement inflicted by his Master ; Three yeares and an halfe did Israel gaspe vnder the drought of Elijah ; seauen yeares dearth shall it suffer vnder Elisha : The tryals of God are many times not more grieuous for their sharpnesse , then for their continuance . This scarcity shall not come alone ; God shall call for it : what euer be the second cause , he is the first . The executioners of the Almighty ( such are his iudgments ) stand ready waiting vpon his iust Throne ; and doe no sooner receiue the watch-word , then they flye vpon the world , and plague it for sinne ; Onely the cry of our sinnes moues God to call for vengeance : And if God once call , it must come ; How oft , how earnestly are we called to repentance , and stir not ? the messengers of Gods wrath flye forth at the least becke ; and fulfill the will of his reuenge vpon those , whose obedience would not fulfill the will of his command . After so many proofes of fidelitie the Shunamite cannot distrust the Prophet ; not staying therfore to be conuicted by the euent , she remoues her family into the Land of the Philistims : No nation was more opposite to Israel , none more worthily odious ; yet , there doth the Shunamite seeke , & finde shelter ; Euen the shade of those trees that are vnwholsome , may keepe vs from a storme ; Euery where will God finde roome for his owne . The fields of Philistins flourish , whiles the soyle of Israel yeelds nothing but weeds and barrennesse : Not that Israel was more sinfull , but that the sin of Israel is more intolerable . The offers of grace are so many aggrauations of wickednesse : In equall offences those doe iustly smart more , who are more obliged . No pestilence is so contagious as that which hath taken the purest ayre . These Philistine neighbours would neuer haue endured themselues to be pestered with forrainers ; especially Israelites , whom they hated ( besides religion ) for their vsurpation : neyther were they in all likelihood pressed with multitude : The rest of Israel were led on with hopes ; presuming vpon the amends of the next haruest , till their want grew desperate , and irremediable ; onely the forwarned Shunamite preuents the mischiefe ; now she findes what it is to haue a Prophet her friend : Happy are those soules that vpon all occasions consult with Gods Seers ; they shall be freed from the plagues , wherein the secure blindnesse of others is heedlesly ouertaken . Seauen yeares had this Shunamite soiourned in Palestine , now she returnes to her owne ; and is excluded : She that found harbour among Philistines , findes oppression and violence among Israelites : Those of her kinred , taking aduantage of her absence , had shared her possessions . How oft doth it fall out that the worst enemies of a man are those of his owne , house ? All went by contraries with this Shunamite ; In the famine she had enough , in the common plenty she was scanted ; Philistines were kinde to her , Israelites cruell : Both our feares , and our hopes doe not seldome disappoint vs ; It is safe trusting to that stay which can neuer faile vs ; who can easily prouide vs both of friendship in Palestine , and of iustice in Israel . Wee may not iudge of the religion by particular actions ; A very Philistine may be mercifull , when an Israelite is vniust ; The person may be faulty , when the profession is holy . It was not long since the Prophet made that friendly offer to the Shunamite , out of the desire of a thankfull requitall ; VVhat is to be done for thee ? wouldest thou be spoken for to the King , or to the Captaine of the Host ? and she answered ; I dwell among my brethren . Little did she then thinke of this iniurious measure ; else she might haue said ; I dwell amongst mine enemies , I dwell amongst robbers . It is like they were then friendly , who were now cruell , and oppressiue ; There is no trust to be reposed in flesh and blood : How should their fauors be constant , who are in their nature , and disposition , variable ? It is the furest way to relye on him , who is euer like himselfe ; the measure of whose loue is eternitie . Whither should the Shunamite goe to complaine of her wrong , but to the Court ? There is no other refuge of the oppressed , but publike authoritie : All Iustice is deriued from Soueraignty : Kings are not called Gods for nothing ; They doe both sentence and execute for the Almighty . Doubtlesse , now the poore Shunamite thought of the courteous profer of Elisha ; and missing a friend at the Court , is glad to be the presenter of her owne petition . How happily doth God contriue all euents for the good of his ! This suppliant shall fall vpon that instant for her suit , when the King shall bee talking with Gehezi ; when Gehezi shall bee talking of her , to the King ; The words of Gehezi , the thoughts of the King , the desires of the Shunamite shall be all drawne together by the wise prouidence of God into the center of one moment , that his oppressed seruant might receiue a speedy iustice . Oh the infinite wisedome , power , mercy of our God , that insensibly orders all our wayes , as to his owne holy purposes , so to our best aduantage . What doth Iehoram the King talking with Gehezi the Leper ? That very presence was an eye-sore . But if the cohabitation with the infectious were forbidden , yet not the conference . Certainly , I begin to thinke of some goodnesse in both these : Had there not beene some goodnesse in Iehoram , he had not taken pleasure to heare , euen from a leprous mouth , the miraculous acts and praises of Gods Prophet ; Had there not beene some goodnesse in Gehezi , he had not after so fearfull an infliction of iudgment , thus ingenuously recounted the praises of his seuere Master ; Hee that told that deare-bought lye to the Prophet , tells now all truths of the Prophet , to the King : Perhaps his leprosie had made him cleane ; If so : Happy was it for him that his forhead was white with the disease , if his soule became hereupon white with repentance . But wee may well know that the desire , or report of historicall Truths , doth not alwayes argue grace . Still Iehoram , after the inquiry of the Prophets miracles , continues his Idolatry . He that was curious to harken after the wonders of Elisha , is not carefull to follow his doctrine ; Therefore are Gehezi and the Shunamite met before him , that hee may be conuicted , who will not be reformed : Why was it els that the presence of the persons should thus inexpectedly make good the relation , if God had not meant the inexcusablenesse of Iehoram ; whiles he must needs say within himselfe ; Thus potent is the Prophet of that God , whom I obey not ; Were not Elishaes , the true God , how could hee worke such wonders ? And if he be the true God , why is he not mine ? But what ? Shall I change Ahabs God for Iehosaphats ? No ; I cannot deny the miracles , I will not admit of the author : Let Elisha be powerfull , I will be constant . O wretched Iehoram ; how much better had it been for thee neuer to haue seene the face of Gehezi , and the son of the Shunamite ; then to goe away vnmoued with the vengeance of leprosie in the one , with the mercifull resuscitation of the other ? Therfore is thy iudgment fearfully aggrauated , because thou wouldst not yeeld to what thou couldst not oppose . Had not Ahabs obduratenesse beene propagated to his sonne , so powerfull demonstrations of diuine power could not haue been vneffectuall . Wicked hearts are so much worse by how much God is better ; This anvile is the harder by being continually beaten vpon , whether with iudgments , or mercy . Yet this good vse will God haue made of this report , and this presence , that the poore Shunamite shall haue iustice ; That sonne , whose life was restored , shall haue his inheritance reuiued ; His estate shall fare the better for Elishaes miracle : How much more will our mercifull God second his owne blessings , when the fauors of vniust men are therefore drawne to vs , because wee haue beene the subiects of diuine beneficence . It was a large , and full award , that this occurrence drew from the King ; Restore all that was hers , and all the fruits of the field , since the day that she left the land , euen vntill now . Not the present possession onely is giuen her , but the arerages . Nothing hinders , but that outward iustice may stand with grosse Idolatry . The Widow may thanke Elisha for this ; His miracle wrought still ; and put this new life into her dead estate ; His absence did that for the preseruation of life , which his presence did for the restoring it from death . Shee that was so ready to expostulate with the man of God , vpon the losse of her sonne , might perhaps haue beene as ready to impute the losse of her estate to his aduice ; Now , that for his sake shee is enriched with her owne ; how doth shee blesse God for so happy a guest ? When we haue forgotten our owne good turnes , God remembers and crownes them : Let vs do good to all whiles we haue time , but especially to the houshold of faith . Could Israel haue beene sensible of their owne condition , it was no small vnhappinesse to lose the presence of Elisha : Whether , for the Idolatries , or for the famine of Israel , the Prophet is gone into Syria ; No doubt Naaman welcomd him thither ; and now would force vpon him those thankes for his cure , which the man of God would not receiue at home . How famous is he now grown that was taken from the Teame ? His name is not confined to his owne Nation ; Forraine countries take notice of it ; and Kings are glad to listen after him , and wooe him vvith presents : Benhadad the King of Syria , whose counsells he had detected , reioyeeth to heare of his presence ; and now , as hauing forgotten that he had sent a vvhole host , to besiege the Prophet in Dothan , sends an honorable messenger to him , laden with the burden of fourty Camels , to consult with this Oracle , concerning his sicknesse , and recouery . This Syrian belike in his distresse dares not trust to his owne gods ; but hauing had good proofe of the power of the God of Israel , both in Naamans cure , and in the miraculous defeats of his greatest forces , is glad to send to that seruant of God , whom he had persecuted . Wicked men are not the same in health and in sicknesse : their affliction is worthy of the thankes , if they be well-minded ; not themselues . Doubtlesse the errand of Benhadad was not onely to inquire of the issue of his disease , but to require the prayers of the Prophet for a good issue : Euen the worst man doth so loue himselfe , that hee can be content to make a beneficiall vse of those instruments , whose goodnesse he hateth . Hazael , the chiefe Peere of Syria is designed to this message ; The wealth of his present striues with the humility of his cariage , and speech : Thy sonne Benhadad King of Syria hath sent me to thee , saying , Shall I recouer of this disease ? Not long since , Iehoram King of Israel had said to Elisha , My father , shall I smite them ; and now Benhadad King of Syria , sayes , My father , shall I recouer : Lo how this poore Meholathite hath Kings to his sons : How great is the honor of Gods Prophets with Pagans , with Princes ? Who can bee but confounded to see Euangelicall Prophets despised by the meanest Christians ? It is more then a single answer that the Prophet returnes to this message : One answer he giues to Benhadad , that sent it ; another hee giues to Hazael , that brings it : That to Benhadad , is , Thou maiest surely recouer ; That to Hazael , The Lord hath shewed me that he shall surely dye : What shall we say then ? Is there a lye , or an equiuocation in the holy mouth of the Prophet ? God forbid : It is one thing what shall be the nature , and issue of the disease ; Another thing what may outwardly befall the person of Benhadad : The question is moued of the former ; wherto the answer is direct ; The disease is not mortall ; But withall an intimation is giuen to the bearer , of an euent beyond the reach of his demand ; which hee may know , but eyther needs not , or may not returne : The Lord hath shewed me that he shall surely dye ; by another meanes , though not by the disease . The Seer of God descries more in Hazael , then hee could see in himselfe ; hee fixes his eyes therefore stedfastly in the Syrians face , as one that in those lines read the bloody story of his life . Hazael blushes , Elisha weepes ; The intention of those eyes did not so much amaze Hazael , as the teares ; As yet he vvas not guilty to himselfe of any wrong that might straine out this iuyce of sorrow : Why weepeth my Lord ? The Prophet feares not to foretell Hazael all the villanies which he should once do to Israel ; How he should fire their forts , and kill their yong men , and rip the mothers , and dash the children . I maruell not now at the teares of those eies which foresaw this miserable vastation of the inheritance of God ; The very mention whereof is abhorred of the future author : What is thy seruant a dog , that I should doe this great thing ? They are sauage cruelties whereof thou speakest ; It were more fit for mee to weepe that thou shouldest repute mee so brutish ; I should no lesse condemne my selfe for a beast , if I could suspect my owne degeneration so farre . Wicked men are caryed into those heights of impiety , which they could not in their good mood haue possibly beleeued ; Nature is subiect to fauourable opinions of it selfe ; and will rather mistrust a Prophet of God , then her owne good disposition : How many from honest beginnings , haue risen to incredible licentiousnesse , whose liues are now such , that it were as hard for a man to beleeue they had euer beene good , as to haue perswaded them once they should proue so desperately ill . To giue some ouerture vnto Hazael of the oportunitie of this ensuing mischiefe ; the Prophet foretells him from God , that hee shall be the King of Syria . He that shewes the euent , doth not appoint the meanes ; Far was it from the spirit of Gods Prophet to set , or encourage a treason : whiles hee said therefore , Thou shalt be King of Syria ; he said not , Goe home , and kill thy master : The wicked ambition of Hazael drawes this damnable conclusion out of holy premises ; and now hauing fed the hopes of his Soueraigne with the expectation of recouery ; the next day he smothers his Master . The impotent desire of rule brookes no delay : Had not Hazael been gracelesly cruell , after hee had receiued this prediction of the Seer , hee should haue patiently awaited for the crowne of Syria , till lawfull meanes had set it vpon his head ; now , he will by a close execution make way to the throne ; A wet cloth hath stopt the mouth of his sicke Soueraigne ; No noyse is heard ; the carcasse is faire ; Who can complaine of any thing but the disease ? O Hazael , thou shalt not thus easily stop the mouth of thine owne conscience ; that shall call thee Traytor , euen in thy chaire of state ; and shall checke all thy royall triumphs , with , Thou hast founded thy throne in blood . I am deceiued if this wet cloth shall not wipe thy lips in thy iollyest feasts , and make thy best morsells vnsavory : Soueraignty is painfull vpon the fairest termes ; but vpon trechery , and murder , tormenting : Wofull is the case of that man whose publike cares are aggrauated with priuate guiltinesse ; and happy is he , that can inioy a little with the peace of an honest heart . IEHV with IEHORAM and IEZEBEL . YEt Hazael began his cruelty with losse : Ramoth Gilead is won from him ; Iehoram the son hath recouered that , which Ahab his father attempted in vaine ; That City was dear-bought of Israel ; it cost the life of Ahab , the blood of Iehoram ; Those wounds were healed with victory ; The King tends his health at Iezreel , whiles the Captaines were enioying , and seconding their successe at Ramoth . Old Elisha hath neither cotage , nor foot of land , yet sitting in an obscure corner , he giues order for Kingdomes ; Not by way of authority ( this vsurpation had been no lesse proud , then vniust ) but by way of message , from the God of kings ; Euen a meane Herald may goe on a great errand : The Prophets of the Gospell haue nothing to doe but with spirituall Kingdoms ; To beate downe the kingdomes of sinne and Satan ; to translate soules to the Kingdome of heauen . Hee that renued the life of the Shunamites sonne , must stoope to age ; That blocke lies in his way to Iehu ; The aged Prophet imployes a speedier messenger , who must also gird vp his loynes , for hast : No common pace will serue vs when we goe on Gods message ; The very losse of minutes may be vnrecouerable . This great Seer of God wel saw a present concurrence of all oportunities : The Captaines of the Host were then readily combined for this exploit : the Army was on foot ; Iehoram absent ; a small delay might haue troubled the work ; the dispersion of the Captaines , and Host , or the presence of the King , might eyther haue defeated , or slacked the dispatch : He is prodigall of his successe , that is slow in his execution . The directions of Elisha to the young Prophet , are full , and punctuall : whither to goe ; what to cary ; what to doe ; where to doe it ; what to say , what speed to make , in his act , in his returne : In the businesses of God it matters not how little is left to our discretion ; There is no important businesse of the Almighty , wherin his precepts are not strict , and expresse ; Looke how much more specialty there is in the charge of God , so much more danger is in the violation . The young Prophet is curiously obedient ; in his haste ; in his obseruation and cariage : and finding Iehu , according to Elishaes prediction , set amongst the Captaines of the Host , he singles him forth , by a reuerent compellation ; I haue an errand to thee , O Captaine ; Might not the Prophet haue stayed till the table had risen , and then haue followed Iehu to his lodging ? Surely , the wisdome of God hath purposely pitcht vpon this season , that the publike view of a sacred messenger , and the hasty euocation of so noted a person , to such a secrecy , might prepare the hearts of those Commanders of Israel , to the expectation of some great designe . The inmost roome is but close enough for this act ; Ere many houres , all Israel shall know that , which yet may not bee trusted with one eye ; The goodnesse of God makes wise prouision for the safety of his messengers , and whiles he imployes their seruice , preuents their dangers . But how is it that of all the Kings of the Ten tribes , none was euer anointed but Iehu ? Is it for that the God , who would not countenance the erection of that vsurped throne , would countenance the alteration ? Or is it , that by this visible testimony of diuine ordination , the courage of the Israelitish Captaines might be raised vp to second the high and bold attempt of him , whom they saw destin'd from heauen to rule ? Together with the oyle of this vnction , here was a charge of reuenge ; A reuenge of the blood of the Prophets , vpon Iezebel ; of wickednesse and Idolatry , vpon Ahab : neither was the extirpation of this leud family fore-prophesied onely to Iehu , but inioyned . Elijah foretold , and the world expected some fearfull account of the abhominable cruelty , and impiety of that accursed house ; Now it is called for , when it seemed forgotten : Ahab shall haue no posterity , Iezebel shall haue no toomb , but the doggs . This woful doome is committed to Iehues execution . Oh the sure , though patient , iustice of the Almighty : Not only Ahab and Iezebel had beene bloody , and idolatrous , but Israel was drawne into the partnership of their crimes ; All these shall share in the iudgment : Elijahs complaint in the caue now receiues this late answer ; Hazael shall plague Israel ; Iehu shall plague the house of Ahab and Iezebel ; Elishaes seruant thus seconds Elishaes master : When wickednes is ripe in the field , God will not let it shee l to grow againe , but cuts it vp by a iust , and seasonable vengeance : Ahabs drouping vnder the threat hath put off the iudgment from his owne dayes ; now it comes , and sweepes away his wife , his issue ; and falls heauy vpon his subiects . Please your selues , ô ye vaine sinners , in the slow pace of vengeance ; it will be neither lesse certaine , nor more easie for the delay ; rather it will pay for that leasure in the extremitie . The Prophet hath done his errand , and is gone . Iehu returnes to his fellowes , with his head not more wet with oyle , then busied with thoughts : no doubt , his face bewrayed some inward tumults , and distractions of imagination ; neyther seem'd hee to returne the same he went out . They aske therefore , Is all well ? Wherefore came this mad fellow to thee ? The Prophets of God were to these idolatrous Israelites , like comets ; who were neuer seene without the portendement of a mischiefe : When the priests of their Baal were quietly sacrificing , all was well ; but now when a Prophet of God comes in sight , their guiltinesse askes , Is all well ? All would be well but for their sinnes ; they feare not these , they feare their reprouer . Israel was comne to a good passe , when the Prophets of God went with them for mad men : Oh ye Baalitish Ruffians , whither hath your impiety and profanenesse caryed you , that ye should thus blaspheme the seruants of the liuing God ? Ye that run on madding after vaine Idols , taxe the sober guides of true worship , for madnesse . Thus it becomes the godlesse enemies of truth , the heralds of our patience , to mis-call our innocence , to reuile our most holy profession : What wonder is it that Gods messengers are mad men vnto those , to whom the wisedome of God is foolishnes ? The message was not deliuered to Iehu for a concealment , but for publication : Silence could not effect the word that was told him ; common notice must ; Yee know the man , and his communication : The habit showes you the man ; the calling showes you his errād : Euen Prophets were distinguished by their clothes ; Their mantle was not the common weare ; why should not this sacred vocation be knowne by a peculiar attyre ? These Captaines had not calld him a mad-man , if they had not knowne him a Prophet : By the man therefore they might guesse at his message ; Prophets doe not vse to appeare , but vpon serious errands ; whether of reproofe , or of prediction . Nice ciuilities of denialls were not then knowne to the world ; They said , It is false , tell vs now : Amongst these Captains no combat , no vnkindnesse followes vpon a word so rudely familiar . Iehu needs not tell them , that the man was a Prophet ; hee tels them the prophesie of the man ; what he had said , what hee had done . Their eies had no sooner seene the oyle ; their eares had no sooner heard , Thus saith the Lord , I haue anointed thee King ouer Israel , then they rise from their seates , as rapt with a tempest , and are hurled into armes ; So doe they hast to proclaime Iehu , that they scarce stay to snatch vp their garments , which they had perhaps left behind them for speed , had they not meant with these rich abiliments to garnish a state for their new Soueraigne ; To whom hauing now erected an extemporall Throne , they doe by the sound of Trumpets giue the style of Royalty , Iehu is King. So much credit hath that mad fellow with these gallants of Israel , that vpon his word they will presently aduenture their liues , & change the Crowne . God giues a secret authority to his despised seruants ; so as they which hate their person , yet reuerence their truth : Euen very scorners cannot but beleeue them ; If when the Prophets of the Gospell tell vs of a spirituall Kingdome , they be distrusted of those which professe to obserue them , how shamefull is the disproportion ? how iust shall their iudgment be ? Yet I cannot say whether meer obedience to the Prophet , or personall dislikes of Iehoram , or partiall respects to Iehu , drew the Captaines of Israel ; The will of God may be done thanklesly , when fulfilling the substance , we faile of the intention , and erre in circumstance . Onely Ramoth is conscious of this sudden Inauguration ; This new prince-dome yet reaches no further then the sound of the trumpet : Iehu is no lesse subtile , then valiant ; he knew that the notice of this inexpected change might worke a busie , and dangerous resistance ; he therfore giues order that no messenger of the newes may preuent his personall execution , that so he might surprise Iehoram in his palace of Izreel , whether tending his late wounds , or securely feasting his friends , and dreaming of nothing lesse then danger ; and might be seene , and felt at once . Secresie is the safest gard of any designe ; disclosed proiects are either frustrated , or made needlesly difficult . Neither is Iehu more close , then swift ; That very trumpet with the same wind sounds his march ; from the toppe of the staires , he steps downe into his charet ; That man meanes to speed , who can bee at once reserued in his counsels , and resolute and quicke in his performances . Who could but pity the vnhappy and vnseasonable visitation of the grand-childe of Iehosaphat , were it not that hee was degenerate into the family of Abab ? Ahaziah King of Iudah is comne to visit Iehoram King of Israel ; the knowledge of his late receiued wounds hath drawn thither this kind ill-matched allie : He who was partner of the warre , cannot but be a visitor of the wounds . The two Kings are in the height of their complement , and entertainments , when the watchman of the Tower of Izreel espies a troupe , a farre off . For ought was knowne , there was nothing but peace in all the Land of Israel ; and Iudah was now so combined with it , that both their Kings were feasting vnder one roofe ; yet , in the midst of this supposed safety , the watch-tower is not vnfurnished with heedy eyes : No securitie of peace can free wise Gouernors from a carefull suspition of what may come , and a prouidence against the worst . Euen whiles we know of no enemies , the watch-tower of due intelligence may not be empty . In vaine are dangers fore-seen , if they be not premonished ; It is all one to haue a blind and a mute watch-man ; This speakes what he sees ; I see a company . Doubtlesse Iehorams head was now full of thoughts ; neither knew hee what construction to put vpon this approching troupe ; Perhaps , the Syrians ( hee thinkes ) may haue recouered Ramoth ; and chased the garison of Israel ; neither can hee imagine whether these should be hostile victors , or vanquished subiects , or conspiring rebells . Euery way this rout was dreadfull . Oh Iehoram , thou beginst thy feares too late ; Hadst thou beene afraid to prouoke the God of Israel , thine innocency had yeelded no roome to these terrors . An horseman is dispatcht to discouer the meaning of this descryed concourse : Hee meets them , and inquires of peace ; but receiues a short answer , What hast thou to doe with peace ? turne thee behind mee ? A second is addressed ; with the same successe : Both attend the traine of Iehu in stead of returning ; Indeed , it is not for priuate persons to hope to rectifie the publike affaires , when they are growne to an height of disorder , and from thence to a ripenesse of mis-cariage : Sooner may a well-meaning man hurt himselfe , then redresse the common danger . These messengers were now within the mercy of a multitude , had they but indeuored to retire , they had perished as wilfully , as vainly : Whosoeuer will be striuing against the torrent of a iust iudgment , must needs bee caried downe in the streame : Sometimes there is as much wisdome in yeelding , as courage in resistance . Had this troupe beene farre off , the watchman could not haue descryed the arriuall of the messengers , their turning behind , the manner of the march ; Iehu was a noted Captaine , his cariage and motion was obserued more full of fire , then his fellowes ; The driuing is like Iehues , for hee driueth furiously : God makes choyce of fit instruments , as of mercy , so of reuenge ; These spirits were needfull for so tragicall a scene , as was now preparing in Israel . Iehoram and Abaziah , as netled with this forced patience of expectation , can no longer keepe their seates ; but will needs hasten their charets ; and fetch that costly satisfaction , which would not be sent , but giuen . They are infatuated , which shall perish ; otherwise Iehoram had beene warned enough by the forceable retention of his messengers , to expect none but an enemy . A friend , or a subiect could not haue beene vnwilling to bee knowne , to be lookt for ; Now ; forgetting his wounds , he will go to fetch death . Yet when he sees Iehu , whom he left a subiect , hopes striue with his doubts , Is it peace , Iehu ? what may be the reason of this sudden iourney ? Is the army foyled by the Syrians ? Is Ramoth recouered ? or hath the flight of the enemy left thee no further worke ? or is some other ill newes guilty of thy hast ? What meanes this vnwished presence , and returne ? There needs no stay for an answer ; The very face of Iehu , and those sparkling eyes of his spake fury , and death to Iehoram ; which yet his tongue angerly seconds : What peace , so long as the whordomes of thy mother Iezebel , and her witchcrafts are so many ? Wicked Tyran , what speak'st thou of peace with men , when thou hast thus long waged warre with the Almightie ? That cursed mother of thine hath nursed thee with blood , and trained thee vp in abominable Idolatries . Thou art not more hers , then her sinne is thine ; thou art polluted with her spirituall whoredomes , and inchanted with her hellish witchcrafts : Now that iust God whom thou , and thy parents haue so hainously despited , sends thee by me this last message of his vengeance ; which whiles hee spake , his hand is drawing vp that deadly arrow , which shall cure the former wounds with a worse . Too late now doth wretched Iehoram turne his charet , and flee ; and cry Treason , ô Ahaziah ; There was treason before , ô Iehoram ; thy treason against the Maiesty of God , is now reuenged by the treason of Iehu against thee . That fatall shaft , notwithstanding the swift pace of both the charets , is directed to the heart of Iehoram ; there is no erring of those feathers which are guided by the hand of destinie . How iust are the iudgments of God! It was in the field of Naboth , wherein Iehoram met with Iehu ; That very ground called to him for blood ; And now this new auenger remembers that prophesie which he heard from the mouth of Elijah , in that very place , following the heeles of Ahab ; and is carefull to performe it . Little did Iehu thinke , when he heard that message of Elijah , that his hands should act it ; now , as zealous of accomplishing the word of a Prophet ; hee giues charge to Bidkar his Captaine , that the bleeding carkasse of Iehoram should be cast vpon that very platt of Naboth : Oh Naboths blood well paid for ! Ahabs blood is licked by dogs , in the very place where those dogs lickt Naboths ; Iehorams blood shall manure that ground , which was wrung from Naboth ; and Iezebel shall adde to this compost . Oh garden of hearbes dearly bought , royally dunged . What a resemblance there is betwixt the death of the father , and the sonne ; Ahab and Iehoram ? Both are slaine in their charet ; Both with an arrow ; Both repay their blood to Naboth ; and how perfit is this retaliation ? Not only Naboth miscaried in that cruell iniustice , but his sonnes also ; else the inheritance of the vineyard had descended to his heires , notwithstanding his pretended offence ; and now not onely Ahab forfaits his blood to this field ; but his sonne Iehoram also : Face doth not more answer to face , then punishment to sinne . It was time for Ahaziah King of Iuda , to flee : Nay it had beene time long before to haue fled from the sins , yea from the house of Ahab ; That brand is fearfull which God sets vpon him ; Hee did euill in the sight of the Lord as did the house of Ahab ; for he was the sonne in law of the house of Ahab ; Affinity is too often guilty of corruption ; The son of good Iehosaphat is lost in Ahabs daughter . Now hee payes for his kinde alliance ; accompanying the son of Ahab in his death , whom hee consorted with in his Idolatry : Yong Ahaziah was scarce warme in his throne , when the mis-matched blood of Athaliah is required from him ; Nothing is more dangerous then to be imped in a wicked family ; this relation too often drawes in a share both of sin , and punishment . Who would not haue lookt that Iezebel hearing of this bloody end of her son ; and pursuit of her allye ; and the fearfull proceedings of this prosperous conspiracy , should haue put her selfe into sack-cloth and ashes ; and now finding no meanes either of defence , or escape , should haue cast her selfe into such a posture of humiliation , as might haue moued the compassion of Iehu ; Her proud heart could not suddenly learne to stoope : rather she recollects her high spirits ; and in stead of humbling her soule by repentance , and addressing her selfe for an imminent death ; she pranks vp her old carkasse , and paints her wrinkled face , and as one that vainly hopes to daunt the courage of an vsurper , by the sudden beames of Maiesty ; she lookes out , and thinks to fright him with the challenge of a traitor , whose either mercy , or iustice could not be auoided : Extremitie findes vs such as our peace leaues vs ; Our last thoughts are spent vpon that wee care most for ; those that haue regarded their face more then their soule , in their latter end are more taken vp with desire of seeming faire , then being happy : It is no maruell if an heart obdured with the custome of sinne shut vp gracelesly . Counterfait beauty agrees well with inward vncleannesse . Iebues resolution was too strongly setled to bee remoued with a painted face , or an opprobrious tongue ; He lookes vp to the window , and sayes , Who is on my side , who ? There want not those euery where , which will be ready to obserue preuailing greatnesse : Two or three Eunuchs looke out ; He bids them , Throw her downe : They instantly lay hold on their lately adored Mistris , and notwithstanding all her shrieks and prayers , cast her downe headlong into the street . What heed is to be taken of the deepe professed seruices of hollow harted followers ; All this while they haue with humble smiles , and officious deuotions fawned vpon their great Queene ; now vpon the call of a prosperous enemy , they forget their respects , her royalty ; and cast her downe , as willing executioners , into the iawes of a fearfull death : It is hard for greatnesse to know them whom it may trust : Perhaps the fairest semblance is from the falsest heart ; It was a iust plague of God vpon wicked Iezebel , that shee was inwardly hated of her owne ; He whose seruants she persecuted , raised vp enemies to her from her owne elbow . Thus must pride fall ; Insolent , idolatrous , cruell Iezebel besprinkles the walls , and pauement with her blood ; and now those braines that deuised mischiefe against the seruants of God , are strawed vpon the stones ; and she that insulted vpon the Prophets , is trampled vpon by the horses heeles : The wicked is kept for the day of destruction , and shall be brought forth to the day of wrath . Death puts an end commonly to the hyest displeasure . He that was seuere in the execution of the liuing , is mercifull in the sepulture of the dead ; Goe see now this cursed woman , and bury her , for she is a Kings daughter ; She that vpbrayded Iehu with the name of Zimri , shall be interred by Iehu as Omries daughter in law , as a Sydonian Princesse ; Somewhat must bee yeelded to humanity ; somewhat to State. The dogs haue preuented Iehu in this purpose , and haue giuen her a liuing toomb more ignoble , then the worst of the earth ; Onely the scull , hands , and feet of that vanished carkasse yet remaine ; The scull which was the roofe of all her wicked deuices , the hands and feet which were the executioners ; these shall remaine as the monuments of those shamefull exequies : that future times seeing these fragments of a body , might say , The dogges were worthy of the rest ; Thus Iezebel is turned to dung , and dogs-meat ; Elijah is verified , Naboth is reuenged ; Izreel is purged , Iehu is zealous , and in all , God is iust . IEHV killing the sonnes of AHAB , and the Priests of BAAL . THere were two prime Cities of the Ten Tribes , which were the set Courts of the Kingdome of Israel ; Samaria and Iezreel ; The chiefe palace of the King was Iezreel , the mother City of the Kingdome , was Samaria ; Iehu is possessed of the one , without any sword drawne against him ; Iezreel willingly changes the master , yeelding it selfe to the victor of two Kings , to the auenger of Iezebel ; the next care is Samaria ; Either policy , or force shall fetch in that head of the Tribes . The plentifull issue of Princes is no small assurance to the people ; Ahab had sonnes enough to furnish the Thrones of all the neighbour nations , to maintaine the hopes of succession , to all times ; How secure did he think the perpetuation of his posterity , when he saw seuenty sons from his owne loynes ? Neither was this Royall issue trusted , either to weake walls , or to one roofe ; but to the strong bulwarkes of Samaria , and therein to the seuerall guards of the chiefe Peeres ; It was the wise care of their parents not to haue them obnoxious to the danger of a common mis-cariage , or , of those emulations which wait vpon the cloyednesse of an vndiuided conuersation ; but , to order their separation so , as one may rescue other from the perill of assault , as one may respect other out of a familiar strangenesse . Had Ahab and Iezebel beene as wise for their soules , as they were for their seed , both had prospered . Iehu is yet but in his first act ; If all the sonnes of Ahab bleed not , the prophesie is vnanswered ; There shall be no need of his sword , his penne shall worke all this slaughter . He writes a Challenge to Samaria , and therein to the guardians of the sons of Ahab ; daring them , out of the confidence in their defenced City , in their charets , and horses , in their associats and armes , to set vp the best of their masters sonnes , on his fathers throne , and to fight for his succession . All the Gouernours of Ahabs children conspire in one common feare ; no doubt there wanted not in that numerous brood of Kings , some great spirits that if , at least they attained to the notice of this designe , longed for a reuenge , and suggested counsels of resolution to their cowardly guardians ; Shall an audacious vsurper runne thus away with the Crowne of Israel ? Shall the blood of Iezebel be thus traiterously spilt , thus wilfully forgotten ? O Israelites , can ye be so base , as to be ruled by my fathers seruant ? Where are the merits of Ahab , and Iehoram ? What is becomne of the loyall courage of Israel ? Doubtlesse , ye shal not wāt able seconds to your valour ; Do ye thinke the royall and potent alliances of our mother Iezebel ; and the remayning heyres of Iudah , can draw back their hands from your aide ? will they indure to swallow so cruell an indignity ? Stir vp your astonished fortitude , ô ye Nobles of Israel ; redeeme your bleeding honour , reuenge this trecherous conspirator , and establish the right of the vndoubted heires of your Soueraignes ; But as warm clothes to a dead man , so are the motions of valour to a fearfull heart : Behold two Kings stood not before him , how then shall we stand ? Feare affrights it selfe rather then it will want bugs of terror : It is true : Two Kings fell before Iehu ; but , two Kings vnarmed , vnguarded ; Had not the surprizall of Iehu taken aduantage of the vnsuspitious nakednesse of these two Princes , his victory had not beene thus successfull , thus easie . Halfe one of those two Kings , vpon aduertisement and preparation , had abated the fury of that hot Leader . It is the fashion of feare to represent vnto vs alwaies the vvorst , in euery euent : not looking at the inequality of the aduantages , but the misery of the successe : as contrarily , it is the guise of faith , and valour , by the good issue of one enterprise to raise vp the heart to an expectation and assurance of more . These mens hearts are dead with their Kings , neither dare entertaine the hope of a safe and prosperous resistance , but basely returne , We are thy seruants , and will doe all that thou shalt bid vs , we will not make any King ; doe thou that which is good in thine eyes . Well may Iehu think , these men which are thus disloyall to their charge , cannot be faithfull to me ; It is their feare that drawes them to this obseruation : Were they not cowards , they would not be traitors to their Princes , subiects to me : I may vse their hands , but I will not trust them : It is a thanklesse obedience that is grounded vpon feare ; there can be no true fidelity without loue , & reuerēce . Neyther is it other betwixt God and vs ; if out of a dread of hel we be officious , who shall thanke vs for these respects to our selues ? As one that had tasted already the sweetnesse of a resolute expedition , Iehu writes backe instantly , If ye be mine , and if ye will harken vnto my voyce ; take ye the heads of the men your Masters sonnes , and come to me to Iezreel by to morrow this time . Valiant Iehu was so well acquainted with the nature of feare , that he well knew this passion once growne desperate , would be ready to swallow all conditions : so far therefore doth his wisedome improue it , as to make these Peers his executioners ; who presently vpon the receit of his charge turne cruell , & by a ioynt consent fetch off the seauenty heads of those Princes , whom they vndertooke to guard , vvhom they had flattered vvith the hopes of greater honour . No doubt , but amongst so many sonnes of Ahab , some had so demeaned themselues , that they had wonne zealous professions of loue from their guardians : Except perhaps death stole vpon them in sleepe , what teares , what intreaties , what cōiurations must here needs haue beene ? What haue wee done , ô yee Peeres of Israel , that might deserue this bloody measure ? We are the sonnes of Ahab , therefore haue ye hitherto professed to obserue vs ; what change is this ? vvhy should that which hath hitherto kept you loyall , now make you cruell ? Is this the reward of the long peaceable gouernment of our father ? are these the Trophees of Ahabs victories against Benhadad , Iehorams against Hazael ? If wee may not raigne , yet at least , let vs liue : Or if vve must dye ; why will your hands bee imbrued in that blood , vvhich ye had vvont to terme royall , and sacred ? vvhy will ye of Tutors turne murtherers ? All pleas are in vaine to them that are deafned with their owne feares . Perhaps these expostulations might haue fetched some dewes of pity from the eyes , and kisses from the lips of these vnfaithfull Tutors , but cannot preuent the stroke of death ; These Crocodiles vveepe vpon those , vvhom they must kill : & if their owne sonnes had beene in the place of Ahabs , doubtlesse they had beene sacrificed to the vvill of an vsurper , to the paients safety : It is ill relying vpon timerous natures ; vpon euery occasion those crazie reeds vvill breake , and runne into our hands . How vvorthy were Ahab and Iezebel of such friends ? They had been euer false to God , how should men be true to thē ? They had sold themselues to vvorke wickednes , and now they are requited with a mercenary fidelity : for a few lines haue these men sold all the heads of Ahabs posterity : Could euer the policy of Iezebel haue reacht so farre , as to suspect the possibility of the extirpation of so ample an issue in one night , by the hands of her trustiest subiects ? Now she that by her letter sent to the Elders of Iezreel , shed the blood of Naboth and his sonnes , hath the blood of all her sonnes shed by a letter sent from Iezreel , to the Elders of Samaria . At last , God will be sure to come out of the debt of vvicked sinners , and will pay them with that coyne , which is both most proper , and least lookt for . Early in the morning , in that gate of Iezreel where Ahab had passed many an vniust sentence , is presented vnto Iehu , the fearfull pledge of his soueraignty , seuenty gastly heads of the sons of Ahab . Some carnall eye that had seene so many young and smooth faces besmeared vvith blood , would haue melted into compassion , bemoning their harmlesse age , their vntimely end : It is not for the iustice of God to stand at the barre of our corrupted iudgment . Except we include some grandchildren of Ahab within this number , none of these dyed before they vvere seasoned vvith horrible Idolatry ; or if they had ; they were in the loynes of Ahab when hee sold himselfe to worke wickednesse ; & now it is iust vvith God to punish Ahabs vvickednesse in this fruit of his loynes . The holy seuerity of God in the reuenge of sinne sometimes goes so farre that our ignorance is ready to mistake it for cruelty . The vvonder and horror of those two heapes hath easily drawne together the people of Iezreel : Iehu meets them in that seat of publique iudgment ; and finding much amazednes & passionate confusion in their faces ; he cleares them , and sends them to the true originall of these sudden and astonishing massacres . Howeuer his owne conspiracy , and the cowardly trechery of the Princes of Israel had been ( not vvithout their hainous sinne ) the visible meanes of this iudgment , yet he directs their eyes to an hyer authoritie ; the iust decree of the Almighty , manifested by his seruant Elijah ; vvho euen by the vvilling sinnes of men can most wisely , most hostilely fetch about his most righteous and blessed purposes . If the Peers of Samaria out of a base feare , if Iehu out of an ambition of raigning shed the foule blood of Ahabs posterity ; the sin is their owne , but in the meane time the act is no other then what the infinite iustice of God would iustly worke by their mis-intentions . Let these Israelites but looke vp from earth to heauen , these tragicall changes cannot trouble thē ; thither Iehu sends them ; wiping off the enuy of all this blood , by the warrant of the diuine preordination : In obedience whereunto he sends after these heyres of Ahab , all his kinsfolkes , fauourites , priests that remained in Iezreel : and now hauing cleared these coasts , he hasts to Samaria : whom should he meet with , in the way , but the brethren of Ahaziah King of Iudah ; they are going to visit their cozens the sonnes of Ahab : This young troupe was thinking of nothing but iollity , and courtly intertainment , when they meet with death : So suddenly , so secretly had Iehu dispatched these bold executions , that these Princes could imagine no cause of suspition : How could they thinke it might be dāgerous to be knowne for the brethren of Ahaziah , or friends to the brethren of Iehoram ? The iust prouidence of the Almightie hath brought all this covie vnder one net ; Iehu thinkes it not safe to let goe so many auengers of Ahaziahs blood ; so many corriuals of his Soueraignty . The vnhappy affinitie of Iehosaphat with Ahab is no lesse guilty of this slaughter , then Iehues ambition ; This match by the inoculation of one bud , hath tainted all the sap of the house of Iudah . The two & fourtie brethren of Ahaziah are therefore sent after the seuentie sonnes of Ahab ; that they may ouertake them in death , whom they came to visit ; God will much lesse brooke Idolatry from the loines of a Iehosaphat : Our intirenesse with wicked men feoffs vs both in their sinnes and iudgments . Doubtlesse , many Israelites that were deuoted to the family and allies of Ahab , lookt ( what they durst ) awry at this cōmon effusion of royal blood ; yet in the worst of the deprauednes of Israel , there were some which both drouped vnder the deplored Idolatry of the times , and congratulated to Iehu this seuere vindication of Gods inheritance : Amongst the rest , Ionadab the son of Rechab was most eminent . That man was by descent deriued from Iethro ; a Midianite by nation , but incorporated into Israel ; a man , whose piety , and strict conuersation did both teach , and shame those twelue Tribes to which he was ioyned ; He was the author of an austere rule of ciuility to his posterity ; to whom he debarred the vse of wine , cities , possessions : This old and rough friend of Iehu , ( out of his mouing habitations ) meets him , and applauds his successe ; He that allowed not wine to his seed , allowes the blood of Ahabs seed poured out , by the hand of Iehu ; He that shun'd the city , is caryed in Iehues charet , to the palace of Samaria . How easily might Iehu haue beene deceiued ? Many a one professes vprightnesse , who yet is all guile : Ionadabs cariage hath been such , that his word merits trust : It is a blessing vpon the plaine-hearted , that they can be beleeued : Honest Ionadab is admitted to the honor of Iehues seat ; and called ( in stead of many ) to witnesse the zeale of the new-anointed King of Israel . Whiles Iehu had to doe with Kings , his cunning and his courage held equal pace together ; but now that he is to deale with idolatrous priests , his wile goes alone , and preuailes : He calls the people together , and dissembling his intentions , sayes , Ahad serued Baal a little , but Iehu shall serue him much : Now therefore call vnto me all the Prophets of Baal , all his seruants , and all his priests , let none be wanting : for I haue a great sacrifice to doe to Baal : whosoeuer shall be wanting , he shall not liue . What a dead palenesse was there now in the faces of those few true-harted Israelites , that looked for an happy restauration of the religion of God ? How could they choose but think ; Alas , how are we fallen from our hopes ? Is this the change we lookt for ? was it only ambition that hath set this edge vpon the sword of Iehu ? It was not the person of Ahab that we disliked but the sins : If those must still succeed , what haue we gained ? Woe be to vs , if onely the author of our misery be changed , not the condition , not the cause of our misery . On the other side , what insultations and triumphs sounded euery where of the ioyfull Baalites ? What glorying of the truth of their profession , because of the successe ? what scornes of their deiected opposites ? what exprobrations of the disappointed hopes , and predictions of their aduerse Prophets ? what promises to thēselues of a perpetuity of Baalisme ? How did the dispersed priests of Baal now flock together , and applaud each others happinesse , and magnifie the deuotions of their new Soueraigne ? Neuer had that Idoll so glorious a day as this for the pompe of his seruice ; Before , he was adored singlely in corners , now solemne sacrifices shall bee offered to him by all his clients , in the great Temple of the mother Citie of Israel . I can commend the zeale of Iehu , I cannot commend the fraud of Iehu ; We may come to our end euen by crooked wayes : He that bad him to smite for him , did not bid him to lie for him : Falshood , though it be but tentatiue , is neither needed , nor approued by the God of truth : If policy haue allowed officious vntruths , Religion neuer . By this deuice , the house of Baal is well furnished , well filled ; not one of his Chemarim eyther might , or would be absent : not one of those which were present , might be vnrobed : False Gods haue euer affected to imitate the true . Euen Baal hath Temples , Altars , Priests , vestments : All religions haue allotted peculiar habits to their hyest deuotions . Those Vestments which they mis-called sacred are brought forth , and put on for the glory of this seruice . Iehu and Ionadab are first carefull that this separation be exact ; they search , and see that no seruant of the Lord be crept into that thrōg : What should a religious Israelite doe in the Temple of Baal ? Were any such there , hee had deserued their smart , who would partake with their worship ; but if curiosity should haue drawne any thither , the mercy of Iehu seekes his rescue : How much more fauourable is the God of mercies in not taking aduantage of our infirmities . Well might this search haue bred suspition , were it not that in all those Idolatrous sacrifices , the first care was to auoid the profane : Euen Baal would admit no mixture , how should the true God abide it ? Nothing wanted now , but the sacrifice : No doubt whole heards and flockes were ready for a pretence of some royall hecatombs ; whereof some had now already smoked on their Altars . O Iehu what meanes this dilation ? If thou abhorrest Baal , why didst thou giue way to this last sacrifice ? why didst thou not cut off these Idolaters before this vpshot of their wickednesse ? Was it that thou mightst be sure of their guiltinesse ? was it that their number , together with their sinne , might be complete ? What acclamations were here to Baal , what ioy in the freedome of their reuiued worship : when all on the sudden , those that had sacrificed , are sacrificed ; The Souldiers of Iehu by his appointment rush in with their swords drawne , and turne the temple into a slaughter-house . How is the tune now changed ? What shrieking was here ? what out-cries ? what running from one sword , to the edge of another ? what scrambling vp the walls and pillars ? what climbing into the windowes ? what vaine endeuors to escape that death which would not be shunned ? whether running , or kneeling , or prostrate , they must dye . The first part of the sacrifice was Baals , the latter is Gods : The blood of beasts was offered in the one , of men in the other ; the shedding of this was so much more acceptable to God , by how much these men were more beasts , then those they sacrificed . Oh happy obedience ; God was pleased with a sacrifice from the house of Baal ; The Idolaters are slaine , the Idols burnt , the house of Baal turn'd to a draught ( tho euen thus lesse vncleane , lesse noysome , then in the former perfumes ; ) and in one word , Baal is destroyed out of Israel . Who that had seene all this zeale for God , would not haue said ; Iehu is a true Israelite . Yet , he that rooted out Ahab , would not be rid of Ieroboam : He that destroyed Baal , maintained the two Calues of Dan and Bethel . That Idolatry was of a lower ranke ; as being a mis-worship of the true God , whereas the other was a worship of the false : Euen the easier of both is haynous ; and shall robb Iehu of the praise of his vprightnesse . A false heart may laudably quit it selfe of some one gross sin , & in the meane time hugg some lesser euill that may condemne it : As a man recouered of a Feuer , may dye of a Iaundis , or a Dropsie . We lose the thanke of all , if wee wilfully fault in one . It is an intire goodnes that God cares for : Perhaps ( such is the bounty of our God ) a partiall obedience may be rewarded with a temporall blessing ; ( as Iehues seuerity to Ahab shal cary the crown to his seed for foure generations ) but we can neuer haue any comfortable assurance of an eternall retribution , if our hearts & wayes be not perfit with God. Woe be to vs , ô God , if wee bee not all thine : wee cannot but euerlastingly depart from thee , if wee depart not from euery sinne : Thou hast purged our hearts from the Baal of our grosse Idolatries , oh cleare vs from the golden Calues of our pety-corruptions also ; that thou maist take pleasure in our vprightnesse ; and wee may reape the sweet comforts of thy gracious remuneration . ATHALIAH and IOASH . OH the wofull ruines of the house of good Iehosaphat : Iehu hath slain two and fourty of his issue ; Athaliah hopes to root out the rest : This daughter of Ahab was not like to be other then fatall to that holy Line ; One drop of that wicked blood was enough both to impure , and spill all the rest which affinity had mixed with it . It is not vnlike that Ahaziah betaking himselfe to the society of Iehorams warres , committed the sway of his Scepter to his mother Athaliah . The daughter of Iezebel cannot but be plotting : when she heares of the death of Ahaziah , and his brethren , inflicted by the heauy hand of Iehu , shee straight casts for the Kingdome of Iudah : The true heires are infants , their minority giues her both colour of rule , and oportunity of an easie extirpation . Perhaps , her ambition was not more guilty then her zeale of Baalisme : she saw Iehu out of a detestation of Idolatry , trampling on the blood of Iehoram , Iezebel , Ahaziah , the sonnes of Ahab , the brethren of Ahaziah , the priests and prophets of Baal ; and in one word , triumphing in the destruction both of Ahab , and his Gods out of Israel : and now she thinks , Why should not I destroy Iehosaphat , and his God out of Iudah ? Who euer saw an Idolater that was not cruell ? Athaliah must needs let out some of her owne blood , out of the throat of Ahaziahs sonnes ; yet she spares not to shed it out of a thirst of soueraignty . O God how worthy of wonder are thy iust and mercifull dispensations ? In that thou sufferest the seed of good Iehosaphat to bee destroyed by her hand , in whose affinity he offended , and yet sauest one branch of this stock of Iehosaphat , for the sake of so faithfull a progenitor . Wicked Athaliah , couldst thou thinke God would so farre forget his Seruant Dauid ( though no other of those loynes had seconded his vertues ) as to suffer all his seed to be rooted out of the earth ? This vengeance was for thy father Ahab ; The man according to Gods owne heart shall haue a lineall heyre to succeed in his Throne , when thou and thy fathers house shall haue vanished into forgetfulnesse . For this purpose hath the wise prouidence of God ordained a Iehosheba , and matcht her in the priestly Tribe : Such reuerence did Iehoram , King of Iudah ( though degenerated into the Idolatry of his father in law Ahab ) beare to this sacred function , that he marries his daughter to Iehoiada the Priest . Euen Princesses did not then scorne the bed of those that serued at Gods Altar : Why should the Gospel poure contempt vpon that which the Law honoured ? That good Lady had too much of Iehosaphat in her , to suffer the vtter extirpation of that royall seed ; She could not doubtlesse , without the extreme danger of her owne life , saue the life of her nephew Ioash ; With what a louing boldnesse doth she aduenture to steale him from amongst those bleeding carkasses , in the chamber of death ? Her match gaue her oportunity to effect that , which both nature , and religion moued her to attempt : neyther know I , whether more to wonder at the cunning of the deuice , or the courage of the enterprise , or the secresie of the concealment , or the happinesse of the successe : Certainly , Athaliah was too cruelly-carefull to forget this so late borne sonne of Ahaziah ; of all the rest , his age would not suffer him to be out of her eye : In all likelihood therefore , shee must needs haue missed so noted a corps , had there not beene a substitution of some other dead chyld in his roome : In that age , the fauour is not so distinguishable ; especially of a dead face . Without some pious deceit this worke could neuer haue beene effected ; Else , had the chyld beene secretly subduced , and missed by his bloody grandmother , her perpetuall iealousie had both expected a suruiuing heyre , and continued a curious , and vnauoydable search : both which were now shunned at once , whilst Athaliah reckons him for dead , whom Iehosheba hath preserued . Mischiefe sometimes failes of those appointments , wherein it thinkes to haue made the surest worke ; God laughes in heauen at the plots of Tyrans ; and befooles them in their deepest proiects . He had said to Dauid , Of the fruit of thy body will I set vpon thy seate ; In vaine shall earth and hell conspire to frustrate it . Sixe yeares hath Ioash , and his nurse beene hid in a close cell of the Temple : Those roomes were destin'd onely to the holy Tribe ; yet now reioyce to harbour such a guest ; The rigour of the ordinary Law must yeeld to cases of so important necessity . All this could not possibly be done and continued without the priuity of many faithfull Priests & Leuites ; who were as carefull to keepe this counsell , as hopefull of the issue of it : It is not hard for many honest hearts to agree in a religious secresie ; Needs must those lips bee shut , which God hath sealed vp . Iudah had not been vsed to such a yoke ; long had it groned vnder the tyranny not of a woman onely , but an Idolatrous Sydonian : If any of that sexe might haue claimed that Scepter , none had so much right to it , as Iehosheba her selfe ; But good Iehoiada the Priest , who had rather to bee a loyall guardian to the King , then an husband to a Queene , now findes time to set on foot the iust title of Ioash ; and to put him into the misvsurped throne of his father Ahaziah . In the seuenth yeare , therefore , he sends for the Captaines , and the Gard ; and hauing sworne them secrecy ; by vndoubted witnesses makes faith vnto them of the truth of their natiue Prince , thus happily rescued from the bloody knife of his mercilesse Grandmother ; marshals the great businesse of his Inauguration ; giues euery one his charge ; sets euery one his station ; and so disposes of his holy forces , as was most needfull for the safety of the King , the reuenge of the Vsurper , the preuention of tumults , the establishment of the Crowne vpon the owners head in Peace and Ioy. There was none of all these agents who did not hold the businesse to bee his owne ; Euery true subiect of Iudah was feelingly interessed in this seruice ; neither was there any of them , who was not secretly heart-burned all this while , with the hatefull gouernment of this Idolatrous Tyrannesse : And now this inward fire is glad to find a vent ; How gladly do they address themselues to this welcome imployment ? The greatest part of this secret band were Leuites , who might therefore both meet together with least suspition , and be more securely trusted by Iehoiada , vnder whom they serued ; Euen that holy Priest of God in stead of teaching the Law , sets the gard , orders the Captaines , ranges the troupes of Iudah ; and in stead of a Censer , brings forth the Speares and Shields of Dauid ; the Temple is for the present , a Field , or an Artillery-yard ; and the Ephods are turned into harnesse . That house , in the rearing whereof not the noyse of an hammer might be heard , now admits of the clashing of armour , and the secret murmurs of some military atchieuement : No circumstances either of place , or calling , are so punctuall , as that publique necessity may not dispense with their alteration . All things are now ready for this solemnity : Each man reioyces to fixe vpon his owne footing ; and longs to see the face of their long-concealed Soueraigne ; and vowes his blood to the vindication of the common liberty , to the punishment of a cruell intruder : Now Iehoiada brings forth vnto them the Kings Son , and presents him to the Peeres , and people ; Hardly can the multitude containe it selfe from shouting out too soone : One sees in his countenance the features of his Father , Ahaziah ; another of his Grandfather , Iehoram ; a third professes to discerne in him some lines , and fashion of his great-grandfather Iehosaphat ; all find in his face the naturall impressions of Maiesty ; and reade in it the hopes , yea the prophesies of their future happinesse . Not with more ioy , then speed , doth Iehoiada accomplish all the rites of the Coronation . Before that young King could know what was done to him , hee is anointed , crowned , presented with the booke of the Law : Those ceremonies were instructiue ; and , no doubt , Iehoiada failed not to comment vpon them in due time , to that royall Pupill . The Oyle , wherewith he was anointed , signified his designation to that high seruice ; and those indowments from heauen that might inable him to so great a function . The Crowne , wherewith he was adorned , signified that glorie and maiesty which should both incourage , and attend his Princely cares . The booke of the Testimony signified the diuine rules and directions , whereto he must frame his heart and actions , in the weilding of that Crowne , in the improuement of that oile . These three , the oile , the Crown the Testimonie , that is , inward powers , outward magnificence , true pietie and iustice make vp a perfect Prince ; None of these may be wanting ; If there be not a due calling of God , and abilities meet for that greatnesse , the oile faileth : If there be not a Maiesticke grace and royaltie , that may command reuerence , the Crowne is missing ; If there be not a carefull respect to the law of God , as the absolute guide of all counsells , and determinations , the Testimonie is neglected ; all of them concurring , make both King and people happy . Now , it is time for the people to clap their hands , and by their lowd acclamations to witnesse their ioy ; which must needs break forth with so much more force , by how much it was longer , vpon feares and policy , suppressed . The Court and the Temple were neere together ; Howeuer it was with Athaliah , and the late reuolted Princes of Iudah , according to the common word , the neerer to the Church , the further from God ; their religious predecessors held it the greatest commodity of their house , that it neighboured vpon the house of God ; From her palace might Athaliah easily heare the ioyfull shouts of the multitude , the lowd noise of the Trumpets ; and as astonished with this new tumult of publike gratulations , she comes running into the Temple : Neuer had her foot trod vpon that holy pauement , till now that she came to fetch a iust reuenge from that God whose worship shee had contemned . It fell out well , that her sudden amazednesse called her forth , without the attendance of any strong guard ; whose side-taking might haue made that quarrell mutually bloody : Shee soone heares , and sees what shee likes not ; her eare meets with , God saue the King ; her eye meets with the vnlooked for heyre of the Kingdome , sitting on his throne , crowned , and robed , in the royall fashion ; guarded with the Captaines and souldiers , proclaimed by the Trumpeters , acclamed & applauded by the people . Who can say whether this sight draue her more neer to frenzie , or death ? How could it bee otherwise , when those great spirits of hers , that had beene long vsed to an vncontrolled soueraigntie , find themselues so inexpectedly suppressed . Shee now rends her cloathes , and cryes , Treason , treason , as if that voice of hers could still command all hearts , all hands ; as if one breath of hers were powerfull enough to blow away all these new designes : Oh Athaliah , to whom dost thou complaine thy selfe ? they are thy iust executioners wherewith thou art incompassed ; If it be treason to set vp the true heire of Ahaziah , thou appealest to thy Traitors . The treason was thine , theirs is iustice ; The time is now come of thy reckoning for all the royall blood of Iudah , which thine ambition shed ; wonder rather at the patience of this long forbearance , then the rigor of this execution . There needs no formall seat of Iustice in so apparent offence , Iehoiada passes the sentence of death vpon her ; Haue her forth of the ranges ; Let her not be slaine in the house of the Lord ; and him that followeth her , kill with the sword . Had not this vsurpation beene palpable , Iehoiada would not haue presumed to intermedle ; Now being both the Priest of God , and Vnckle and Protector to the lawfull King , he doth that , out of the necessity of the state , which his infant Soueraigne ( if hee could haue beene capable of those thoughts ) would haue desired . Violent hands are layd vpon Athaliah , whom no doubt a proud and furious disdaine of so quicke a charge , and of so rough an vsage made miserably impatient ; Now she frownes , and cals , and shrieks and commands , and threatens , and reuiles , and intreats in vaine ; and dyes with as much ill will from her selfe , as she liued with the ill will of her repining subiects . I see not any one man of all her late flatterers , that followes her , either for pitty , or rescue ; Euery man willingly giues her vp to iustice ; Not one sword is drawn in her defence ; Not one eye laments her . Such is the issue of a tyrannicall mis-gouernment ; that which is obeyed not without secret hate , is lost not without publique ioy . How like is Athaliah to her mother Iezebel , as in conditions and carriage , so euen in death : Both killed violently , both killed vnder their owne walls ; both slaine with Treason in their mouthes ; both slaine in the entrance of a changed gouernment : One trod on by the horses , the other slaine in the horse-gate . Both paid their owne blood for the innocent blood of others . How suddenly , how easily is Iudah restored to it selfe , after so long , and so fearfull a deprauation ; The people scarce beleeue their owne eyes , for the wonder of this happy change ; neither know I whether they bee more ioyed in the sight of their new King , thus strangely preserued , or in the sight of Iehoiada , that had preserued him . No man can enuy the protection of the young King vnto him , by whose meanes hee liues and raignes : That holy man cares onely to improue his authority , to the common good : He makes a couenant betweene the Lord , and the King , and the people : and after so long & dangerous a disjunction , reunites them to each other . Their reuiued zeale bestirs it selfe , and breakes downe the Temples , and altars , and images of Baal , and sacrifices his idolatrous Priest ; Shortly , both Ahab , and Baal is destroyed out of Iudah . The Scepter of Iudah is changed from a woman , to a child ; but , a Child trained vp , and tutored by Iehoiada ; This minority so guided was not inferiour to the mature age of many predecessors . Happy is that land , the non-age of whose Princes falls into holy and iust hands . Yet euen these holy and iust hands came short of what they might haue done ; The high places remained still : Those altars were erected to the true God , but in a wrong place : It is maruell if there be not some blemishes found in the best gouernment : I doubt Iehoiada shall once abuy it deare that hee did not his vtmost . But for the mayne , all was wel with Iudah , in all the dayes of Iehoiada ; euen after that Ioash was growne past his pupillage : Hee that was the Tutor to his infancie , was the councellor of his ripe age ; and was equally happy in both : How pleasing was it to that good High Priest , to be commanded by that charge of his in the businesse of God ? The yong King giues order to the Priests , for the collection of large summs , to the repayring of the breaches of Gods House . It becomes him well to take care of that , which was the nursery of his infancy : And now , after three and twentie yeares he expostulates with his late Guardian , Iehoiada , and the rest of his coate , Why repayre ye not the breaches ? Oh gracious and happy vicissitude ; Iehoiada the Priest had ruled the infancy of King Ioash in matters of state ; and now Ioash the King commands aged Iehoiada the Priest in matter of deuotion . In the affaires of God , the action is the Priests , the ouersight and coaction is the Princes : By the carefull indeuor of both , Gods house is repayred , his seruice flourisheth . But alas , that it may too well appeare , that the ground of this motion was not altogether inward , no sooner doth the life of Iehoiada cease , then the deuotion of Ioash begins to languish : and after some languor , dyes . The benefit of a truly religious Prelate , or States-man , is not knowne till his losse . Now some idolatrous Peeres of Iudah haue soone mis-carryed the King from the House of the Lord God of their Fathers , to serue Groues , and Idols . Yea , whither goe we wretched men , if we be left by our Maker ? King Ioash is turned , not idolater onely , but persecutor ; yea , ( which is yet more horrible to consider ) persecutor of the sonne of that Iehoiada to whom he owes his owne life . Zechariah his Cosen german , his foster-brother , the holy issue of those parents , by whom Ioash liues , and raignes , for the conscionable rebuke of the idolatry of Prince , and people , is vniustly , and cruelly murthered by that vnthankfull hand : How possible is it for faire and Saint-like beginnings to shut vp in monstrous impieties ? Let him that thinkes hee stands , take heed lest he fall . When did God euer put vp so foule ingratitude to himselfe , to his seruants ? O Ioash , what eye can pitty the fearfull destruction of thee , and thy Iudah ? If ye haue forgotten the kindnesse of Iehoiada , your vnkindness to Iehoiada shall not be forgotten : A small army of Syrians came vp against Iudah and Ierusalem , and destroyed all the Princes of the people , and sent all the spoyle of them to Damascus . Now Hazael reuenges this quarrell of God , and his anointed ; and plagues that people which made themselues vnworthy to bee the Lords inheritance . And what becomes of Ioash ? Hee is left in great diseases , when his owne seruants conspired against him for the blood of the sonnes of Iehoiada , and slew him on his bed , and he dyed ; and they buryed him not in the Sepulcher of the Kings . Dying Zechariah had sayd in the bitternesse of his departing soule , The Lord looke vpon it , and require it : I confesse I had rather to haue heard him say , The Lord passe it ouer , and remit it ; so said Steuen ; such difference there is betweene a Martyr of the Law , and of the Gospell : although I will hope the zeale of iustice , not the vncharitable heate of reuenge drew forth this word : God heares it , and now giues an account of his notice ; Thus doth the Lord require the blood of Iehoiadaes son ; euen by the like vnthankfull hand of the obliged seruants of Ioash . He that was guilty of abhominable Idolatry , yet ( as if God meant to waue that challenge ) is called to reckoning for his cruell vnthankfulnesse to Iehoiada ; This crime shall make him odious aliue , and shall abandon him dead from the sepulcher of his fathers ; as if this last royalty were too good for him , who had forgotten the law of humanity . Some vices are such , as Nature smiles vpon , though frowned at by diuine Iustice : Others are such , as euen Nature it selfe abhorres ; such is this of Ingratitude , which therefore caries so much more detestation from God , as it is more odious euen to them that haue blotted out the image of God. IOASH with ELISHA dying . THe two Kingdoms of Iudah and Israel , how euer diuided both in gouernement , and affection , yet loued to interchange the names of their Kings ; Euen Israel also had their Ioash , no better then that of Iudah ; he was not more the father of a later Ieroboam , then ( in respect of mis-worship ) he was the son of the first Ieroboam , who made Israel to sin ; Those Calues of Dan and Bethel , out of a politick mis-deuotion , besotted all the succession of the ten vsurped Tribes : yet euen this Idolatrous King of Israel comes downe to visit the sicke bed of Elisha , and weeps vpon his face . That holy Prophet was neuer any flatterer of Princes , neyther spared he inuectiues against their most plausible sinnes : yet King Ioash , that was beaten by his reproofes , washes that face with the teares of loue , and sorrow , which had often frowned vpon his wickednesse . How much difference there was betwixt the Ioash of Israel , and the Ioash of Iudah ? That of Iudah hauing beene preserued and nurtured by Iehoiada the Priest , after all professions of dearnesse shuts vp in the vnkinde murther of his sonne ; and that meerly for the iust reproofe of his own Idolatry : This of Israel hauing beene estranged from the Prophet Elisha , and sharply rebuked for the like offence , makes loue to his dying reprouer , and bedewes his pale face with his teares : Both were bad enough , but this of Israel was , howeuer vicious , yet good-natur'd : That of Iudah added to his wickednesse , an ill disposition , a dogged humor . There are varieties euen of euill men ; some are worse at the root , others at the branch ; some more ciuilly harmlesse , others fouler in morality . According to the exercise of the restraining grace , naturall men doe eyther rise , or fall in their ill . The longest day must haue his euening : Good Elisha , that had liued some ninety yeares , a wonder of Prophets , and had outworne many successions in the thrones of Israel , & Iudah , is now cast vpon the bed of his sicknesse , yea , of his death : That very age might seeme a disease ; which yet is seconded with a languishing distemper : It is not in the power of any holinesse to priuiledge vs from infirmity of body , from finall dissolution : He that stretched himselfe vpon his bed , ouer the dead carkasse of the Shunamites sonne , and reuiued it ; must now stretch out his owne limmes vpon his sicke bed , and dye : Hee saw his Master Elijah rapt vp suddenly from the earth , and fetcht by a fiery chariot from this vale of mortalitie ; himselfe must leasurely wait for his last pangs , in a lingring passage to the same glory . There is not one way appointed to vs , by the diuine prouidence , vnto one common blessednesse : One hath more paine , another hath more speed : Violence snatcheth away one , another by an insensible pace drawes euery day neerer to his terme : The wisedome and goodnesse of God magnifies it selfe in both : Happy is he that after due preparation , is past through the gates of death , ere he be aware ; Happy is he that by the holy vse of long sicknesse is taught to see the gates of death afarre off , and addressed for a resolute passage : The one dyes like Elijah , the other like Elisha , both blessedly . The time was , when a great King sent to Elisha to know if he should recouer ; now the King of Israel , as knowing that Elisha shall not recouer ( so had his consumption spent him ) comes to visit the dying Prophet ; & when his teares would giue him leaue ; breakes forth into a passionate exclamation , O my father , my father , the chariot of Israel and the horsmen thereof . Yet the Calues of Dan and Bethel haue left some goodnesse in Ioash : As the best man hath something in him worthy of reproofe ; so the faultiest hath somthing commendable . Had not the spirit of God himselfe told vs , that Ioash did that which was euill in the sight of the Lord , wee had admired this piety , this reuerent respect to the Prophet . The holiest man could not haue said more : It is possible for the clients of a false worship , to honor ( out of another regard ) the professors of Truth ; From the hand of Elisha had Iehu the grandfather of Ioash receiued his vnction to the Kingdome : this fauour might not be forgotten . Visitation of the sicke is a duty required both by the law of humanity , and of religion ; Bodily infirmity is sad , and comfortlesse ; and therefore needs the presence , and counsell of friends to relieue it ; Although , when wee draw the curtaines of those that are eminently gracious , wee doe rather fetch ( with Ioash ) then bring a blessing . How sensible should wee bee of the losse of holy men , when a Ioash spends his teares vpon Elisha ? If we be more affected with the forgoing of a naturall friend , or kinsman , then of a noted and vsefull Prophet , it argues more loue to our selues , then to the Church of God , then to GOD himselfe . What vse there was of charets and horsemen in those warres of the Ancient , all Histories can tell vs : All the strength of the battell stood in these : There could bee neither defence , nor offence , but by them : such was Elisha vnto Israel ; The greatest safegard to any nation is the sanctity , and faithfulnesse of their Prophets ; without which , the Church and State lyes open to vtter desolation . The same words that Elisha said of his master Elijah , when he saw him taken vp from the earth , doth Ioash now speake of Elisha , neere his dissolution : O my father , my father , the charets of Israel , and the horsemen thereof . The words were good ; the teares were pious ; but where are the actions ? O Ioash , if the Prophet were thy father , wher was thy filiall obedience ? he cry'd downe thy Calues , thou vpheldst them ; he counsell'd thee to good , thou didst euill in the sight of the Lord. If the Prophet were the charets and horsemen of Israel , why didst thou fight against his holy doctrine ? If thou weepest for his losse , why didst thou not weepe for those sinnes of thine , that procured it ? Had thine hand answered thy tongue , Israel had been happy in Elisha ; Elisha had beene happy in Israel , and thee ; Words are no good tryall of profession : The worst men may speake well : Actions haue onely the power to descry hypocrites . Yet euen a Ioash thus complying , shall not goe away vnblessed : This outward kindnesse shall receiue an outward retribution ; These few drops of warme water shed vpon the face of a Prophet , shall not lose their reward ; The spirit of prophesie forsakes not the death-bed of Elisha ; Hee calls for bow , and arrowes , and puts them into the hand of Ioash , and putting his hands vpon the Kings hand , hee bids to shoot Eastward : and whiles the shaft flyes , and lights , he sayes , The arrow of the Lords deliuerance from Syria ; for thou shalt smite the Syrians in Aphek , till thou haue consumed them : If the weake and withered hand of the Prophet had not beene vpon the youthfull , and vigorous hand of the King , this bow had been drawn in vaine ; the strength was from the hand of the King , the blessing from the hand of the Prophet : He whose reall parable hath made the earth to be Syria , the arrow , reuenge , the archer , Ioash , hath obtained for his last boone from God to Israel , that this archer shall shoot this arrow of reuenge , into the heart of Syria , and wound it to death . When the hand of the King , and of the Prophet drawes together , there cannot choose but successe must follow . How readily doth Elisha now make good the words of Ioash ? How truly is he the Charets , and Horsemen of Israel ? Israel had not fought without him , much lesse had been victorious ; If theirs be the indeuour , the successe is his : Euen the dying Prophet puts life , and speed into the Forces of Israel , and whiles hee is digging his owne graue , is raising Trophees to Gods people . Hee had receiued kindnesse from the Syrians ; amongst them was hee harbour'd in the dearth ; and from some of their Nobles , was presented with rich gifts ; but their enmity to Israel drowns all his priuate respects ; he cannot but professe hostility to the publique enemies of the Church : Neither can he content himselfe with a single prediction of their ruine . Hee bids Ioash to take the arrowes , and smite vpon the ground ; hee sets no number of those strokes ; as supposing the frequēce of those blowes , which Ioash might well ( vpon his former parabolicall act ) vnderstand to bee significant . The slacke hand of the King smites but thrise . So apt we are to be wanting to our selues ; so coldly doe wee execute the commands of God : The sick Prophet is not more greeued , then angry at this dull negligence ; Doubtlesse God had reuealed to him ( for his last gratification ) that vpon his feruent prayers , so oft as Ioash should voluntarily ( after his generall charge ) smite the earth , so oft should Israel smite Syria . Elishaes zeale doth not languish with his body : with a fatherly authoritie hee chides him , who had styled him father ; not fearing to spend some of his last winde in a myld reproofe , Thou shouldst haue smitten fiue or six times , then thou hadst smitten Syria till thou hadst consumed it , whereas now thou shalt smite Syria but thrise . Not that the vnchangeable decree of the Almighty meant to suspend it selfe vpon the vncertaine issue of Ioashes will ; but , hee that put this word into the mouth of his Prophet , puts this motion into the hand of the King , which did not more willingly stay , then necessarily obey that prouidence wherby it was stirred . Euen whiles wee haue our freest choyce , wee fall vpon those actions and circumstances , whereby the iust and holy will of our God is brought about . Our very neglects , our ignorances shall fulfill his eternall councells . Elisha dyes , and is buried ; his miracles doe not cease with his life : Who can maruell that his liuing prayers raised the sonne of the Shunamite , when his dead bones raise the carkasse that touched them . God will bee free in his works ; he that must dye himselfe , yet shall reuiue another ; the same power might haue continued life to him , that gaue it by his bones . Israel shall well see that he liues , by whose vertue , Elisha was both in life , and death , miraculous : Whiles the Prophet was aliue , the impetration might seeme to be his , though the power were Gods ; now that he is dead , the bones can challenge nothing , but send the wondring Israelites to that almighty Agent , to whom it is all one to worke by the quicke , or dead . Were not the men of Israel more dead then the carkasse thus buryed , how could they choose but see in this reuiued corps , an embleme of their owne cōdition ? how could they choose but thinke , If wee adhere to the God of Elisha , he shall raise our decayed estates , and restore our nation to the former glory . The Sadduces had as yet no being in Israel , with what face could that heresie euer after looke into the world , when before the birth of it , it was so palpably conuinced , with an example of the resurrection ? Intermission of time , and degrees of corruption adde nothing to the impossibilitie of our rising : The body that is once cold in death , hath no more aptitude to a reanimation , then that which is moldred into dust ; Onely the diuine power of the Maker must restore eyther , can restore both : When wee are dead , and buryed in the graue of our sinne ; it is only the touch of Gods Prophets , applying vnto vs the death and resurrection of the Sonne of God , that can put new life into vs ; No lesse true , though spirituall , is the miracle of our raising vp from an estate of inward corruption , to a life of grace . Yet all this preuailes not with Israel : No bones of Elisha could raise them from their wicked Idolatry : and , notwithstanding their grosse sins , Ioash their King prospers : Whether it were for the sake of Iehu , whose grand-chyld he was ; or for the sake of Elisha , whose face hee wept vpon , his hand is notably successfull : not onely against the son of Hazael , King of Syria , whom hee beates out of the Cities of Israel ; but , against Amaziah King of Iudah , whom he tooke Prisoner , beating downe the very walls of Ierusalem , and returning laden with the sacred , and rich spoyle both of the Temple , and Court , to his Samaria . Oh the depth of the diuine Iustice , and wisedome in these outward administrations ! The best cause , the best man doth not euer fare best : Amaziah did that which was right in the sight of the Lord ; Ioash , euill : Amaziah followes Dauid ( though not with equall paces ) Ioash followes Ieroboam , yet is Amaziah shamefully foyled by Ioash ; Whether God yet meant to visit vpon this King of Iudah , the still-odious vnthankfulnes of his father to Iehoiada ; or , to plague Iudah for their share in the blood of Zechariah , and their late reuolt to Idolatry ; or , whether Amaziahs too much confidence in his own strength ( which moued his bold challenge to Ioash ) were thought fit to be thus taken downe , or what euer other secret ground of Gods iudgment there might be , it is not for our presumption to inquire : Who so by the euent shall iudge of loue , or hatred , shall be sure to run vpon that woe , which belongs to them that call good euill , and euill good . What a sauage peece of Iustice it is to put the right , whether of inheritance , or honor , to the decision of the sword , when it is no newes for the better to mis-cary by the hand of the worse ? The race is not to the swift ; the battell is not to the strong ; no , not to the good : Perhaps , God will correct his owne by a foyle ; perhaps he will plague his enemy by a victory . They are only our spirituall combats wherein our faithfull courage is sure of a crowne . VZZIAH Leprous . EVen the Throne of Dauid passed many chāges of good , and euill : Good Iehosaphat was followed with three successions of wicked Princes ; and those three , were again succeeded with three others godly , and vertuous ; Amaziah for a long time shone fair , but at the last , shut vp in a cloud ; The gods of the Edomites marred him ; his rebellion against God , stirr'd vp his peoples rebellion against him : The same hands that slew him , crowned his sonne Vzziah ; so as the yong King might imagine it was not their spight , that drew violēce vpō his father , but his owne wickednesse ; Both early did this Prince raigne , and late ; he began at sixteene ; and sat fifty two yeares in the Throne of Iudah : They that mutined in the declining age of Amaziah , the father ; are obsequious to the childhood of the sonne , as if they professed to adore souerainty , whiles they hated lewdnesse : The vnchanged gouernment of good Princes is the happinesse , no lesse of the subiects then of themselues : The hand knowes best to guide those reines to which it hath beene inured ; and euen meane hackneyes goe on cheerfully in their wonted rode ; Custome , as it makes euils more supportable , so where it meets with constant mindes , makes good things more pleasing and beneficiall . The wise and holy Prophet Zechariah , was an happy Tutor to the minority of King Vzziah ; That vessell can hardly mis-cary where a skilfull steres-man sits at the helme : The first praise of a good Prince is to be iudicious , & iust , and pious , in himselfe ; the next is , to giue eare , and way , to them that are such : Whiles Zechariah hath the visions of God , and Vzziah takes the counsels of Zechariah , it is hard to say whether the Prophet , or the King , or the State be happier . God will be in no mans debt ; so long as Vzziah sought the Lord , God made him to prosper . Euen what we doe out of duty cannot want a reward : Godlinesse neuer disappointed any mans hopes , oft hath exceeded them . If Vzziah fight against the Philistims , If against the Arabians , and Mehunims ; according to his names , the strength , the help of the Almighty is with him : The Ammonites come in with presents , and all the neighbour nations ring of the greatnesse , of the happinesse of Vzziah ; His bounty and care makes Ierusalem both strong , and proud of her new Towers ; yea the very Desert must tast of his munificence . The outward magnificence of Princes cannot stand firme , vnlesse it be built vpon the foundations of prouidence and frugality ; Vzziah had not beene so great a King , if he had not been so great an husband ; he had his flockes in the deserts , and his heards in the plaines ; his plowes in the fields , his vine-dressers vpon the mountaines , and in Carmel : neither was this more out of profit , then delight , for he loued husbandry . Who can contemne those callings for meannesse , which haue beene the pleasures of Princes ? Hence was Vzziah so potent at home , so dreadfull to his neighbours ; his warres had better sinewes then theirs ; which of his predecessors was able to maintaine so setled an army , of more then of three hundred and tenne thousand trained souldiers , well furnished , well fitted for the suddenest occasion ? Thrift is the strongest prop of power . The greatnesse of Vzziah , and the rare deuices of his artificiall Engines for war , haue not more raised his fame , then his heart : so is hee swolne vp with the admiration of his owne strength , and glory , that he breaks againe ; How easie it is for the best man to dote vpon himselfe ; and to bee lifted vp so high , as to lose the sight both of the ground , whence he rises , and of the hand that aduanced him : How hard it is for him that hath inuented strange engines for the battering of his enemies , to find out any meanes to beat downe his owne proud thoughts ? Wise Salomon knew what he did , when hee prayed to bee deliuered from too much : Lest , said he , I be full , and deny thee , and say , Who is the Lord ? Vpon this Rocke did the sonne of Salomon run , and split himselfe ; His full sayles of prosperity caryed him into presumption & ruine : what may he not now doe ? what may he not be ? Because hee found his power otherwise vnlimited ; ouer-ruling in the Court , the Cities , the Fields , the Deserts , the Armies , and Magazins , therefore he thinkes hee may doe so in the Temple too : as things royall , ciuill , husbandly , military passed his hands , so why should not ( thinkes hee ) sacred also ? It is a dangerous indiscretion for a man not to know the bounds of his owne calling : What confusion doth not follow vpon this breaking of rankes ? Vpon a solemne day , King Vzziah clothes himselfe in Pontifical robes , and in the view of that populous assembly , walkes vp in state , into the Temple of God , and boldly approching to the Altar of Incense , offers to burne sweet odours vpon it , to the God of heauen : Azariah the Priest is sensible of so perillous an incrochment ; he therefore attended with fourscore valiant assistants , of that holy Tribe , hastēs after the King , and finding him with the censer in his hand , readie addressed to that sinfull deuotion , stayes him with a free , and graue expostulation : There is no place wherein I could be sory to see thee , ô King , but this , where thou art ; neither is there any act , that wee should grudge thee so much , as this , which is the most sacred ; Is it possible that so great an ouersight should fall into such wisedome ? Can a religious Prince , trained vp vnder an holy Zechariah , after so many yeares zealous profession of piety , be either ignorant , or regardlesse of those limits , which God hath set to his owne seruices ? Oh , what meanes this vncouth attempt ? Consider , ô deare Soueraigne , for Gods sake , for thy soules sake , consider , where thou art , what thou doest ; it is Gods house wherein thou standest , not thine owne ; Looke about thee , and see , whether these vailes , these Tables , these Pillars , these Walls , these Pauements , haue any resemblance of earth : There is no place in all the world whence thy God hath excluded thee , but only this ; this he hath reserued for his own vse : And canst thou think much to allow one roome as proper to him , who hath not grudged all the rest to thee ? But if it bee thy zeale of a personall seruice to God , that hath caried thee hither ; alas , how canst thou hope to please the Almighty with a forbidden sacrifice ? Which of thine holy Progenitors euer dared to tread , where thy foot now standeth ? which of thē euer put forth their hand to touch this sacred Altar ? Thou knowest that God hath set apart , and sanctified his owne attendants ; wherefore serues the Priesthood , if this be the right of Kings ? Were it not for the strict prohibition of our God , it could seeme no other then an honour to our profession , that a King should thinke to dignifie himselfe by our employment ; but now , knowing the seuere charge of the great King of heauen , wee cannot but tremble to see that censer in thine hand ; who euer , out of the holy Tribe , hath weilded it vnreuenged ? This affront is not to vs , it is to the God whō we serue ; In awe of that terrible Maiesty , as thou wouldst auoid some exemplary iudgement , O King , withdraw thy selfe , not without humble deprecations , from this presence ; and lay down that interdicted handfull , with feare and trembling ; Bee thou euer a King , let vs bee Priests ; The Scepter is thine , let Censers be ours . What religious heart could do other then relent at so faithfull and iust an admonition ? But how hard it is for great persons to yeeld they haue offended ? Vzziah must not be faulty ; what is done rashly shall be born out with power ; He was wroth ; and thus expresses it : What meanes this saucy expostulation , O ye sons of Leui ? how dare ye thus malapertly controll the well-meant actions of your Soueraigne ? If ye be Priests , remember that ye are subiects ; or if ye will needs forget it , how easie is it for this hand to awake your memory ? What such offence can it be for me to come into that house , and to touch that Altar , which my royall Progenitors haue made , beautified , consecrated ? Is the God of this place only yours ? Why doe ye thus ambitiously ingrosse Religion ? If Princes haue not intermedled with these holy affaires , it was because they would not , not because they might not ; When those lawes were made for the Sanctuary , there were no Kings to grace these diuine ceremonies ; yet euen then , Moses was priuiledged : The persons of Princes ( if yee know not ) are no lesse sacred then your owne . It is your presumption to account the Lords anointed , prophane : Contest with those , whose dry & vnhallowed heads are subiect to your power ; For me , I will not aske your leaue to bee deuout ; Looke yee to your owne Censers , presume not to meddle with mine ; In the meane time , can ye thinke this insolence of yours shall escape vnreuenged ? Can it stand with the honour of my soueraignty , to be thus proudly checked by subiects ? God doe so to me and more also , if . Whiles Vzziah yet speakes , God strikes : Ere the words of fury can come forth of his mouth , the leprosie appeares in his forhead : Leprosie was a most loathsome disease ; the forhead is the most conspicuous part : Had this shamefull scurfe broken forth vpon his hand , or foot , or brest , it might haue been hid from the eyes of men ; now the forhead is smitten with this iudgement , that God may proclaime to all beholders , Thus shal it be done to the man whose arrogance hath thrust him vpon a sacred charge . Publique offences must haue open shame . It is a dangerous thing to put our selues into the affaires , into the presence of God , vnwarranted ; There cannot be a more foolish mesprision , then , because we are great on earth , to thinke wee may be bold with heauen : When Gods messengers cannot preuaile by counsels , intreaties , threats , it is time for God to show his immediate iudgements . Wilfull offenders can expect nothing but a fearfull reuenge . Now begins Vzziah to be confounded in himselfe ; and shame striues with leprosie , for a place in his forehead ; The hand of God hath done that in an instāt , which all the tōgues of men had attempted in vaine : There needs no further solicitor of his egresse , the sense of his plague sends him forth alone : And now he thinks ; Wretched man that I am , how haue I angred God , and vndone my selfe ? I would needs come in like a Priest , I now goe forth a leper : the pride of my hart made me thinke my selfe worthy the presence of a God ; Gods iust displeasure hath now made me vnworthy of the presence of men : whiles I affected the altar , I haue lost my throne ; whiles I scornfully reiected the aduice and censures of Gods ministers , I am now becomne a spectacle of horror , and deformity , to my owne seruants ; I that would be sending vp perfumes to heauē , haue made my nastinesse hatefull to my own senses . What doe I vnder this sacred roofe ? Neither is Gods house now , for mee , nor mine owne ; what cell , what dungeon is close enough for me , wherin to weare out the residue of mine vnhappy and vncomfortable dayes ? O God thou art iust , and I am miserable . Thus with a deiected countenance , and sad heart , doth Vzziah hast to retire himselfe ; & wishes , that he could be no lesse hid from himselfe , then from others : how easie is it for the God of heauen to bring downe the hyest pitch of earthly greatnesse , and to humble the stubbornest pride ? Vpon the leasure of second thoughts , Vzziah cannot but acknowledge much fauour in this correction , and confesse to haue escaped well ; Others , hee knew , had beene strucke dead , or swallow'd vp quick for so presumptuous an intrusion : It is happy for him if his forehad may excuse his soule . Vzziah ceased not to be a King , when he began to be a leper ; the disease of his forhead did not remoue his Crowne : his sonne Iotham raigned for him , vnder him ; and whiles he was not seene , yet hee was obeyed . The character of soueraignty is indeleble , whether by bodily infirmity , or by spirituall censure : Neither is it otherwise , O God , betwixt thee , and vs , if we be once a royall generation vnto thee , our leprosies may deforme vs , they shall not dethrone vs : stil shall we haue the right , still the possession of that glorious kingdome , wherin wee are inuested from eternity . AHAZ with his new Altar . AFter many vnhappy changes of the two thrones ; Ahaz succeedes Iotham in the Kingdome of Iudah : an ill sonne of a good father ; not more the heyre of Dauids seat , then of Ieroboams sinne : Though Israel play the harlot , yet who can abide that Iudah should sin ? It is hard not to be infected with a contagious neighbourhood : who euer read that the Kingdome of Israel was seasoned with the vicinity of the true religion of Iudah ? Goodnesse ( such as our nature is ) is not so apt to spread : A tainted ayre doth more easily affect a sound body , then an wholsome ayre can cleare the sicke : Superstition hath euer bin more successefull , then truth ; The yong yeares of Ahaz are soone mis-led to a plausible mis-deuotiō . A man that is once falne from truth , knowes not where he shall stay : From the Calues of Ieroboam is Ahaz drawne to the gods of the heathen ; yea , now , bulls and goates are too little for those new deities , his owne flesh and blood is but deare enough ; He made his son to passe through their fire . Where doe we finde any religious Israelite thus zealous for God ? Neither doth the holinesse and mercy of our God require so cruell a sacrifice : neither is our dull , and niggardly hand ready to gratifie him with more easie obediences ; O God how gladly should wee offer vnto thee our soules , and bodies , which wee may inioy so much the more , when they are thine ; since zealous Pagans sticke not to leese their owne flesh , and blood in an Idols fire ? He that hath thus shamefully cast off the God of his fathers , cannot bee long without a fearefull reuenge . The King of Israel galls him on the one side ; the King of Syria on the other : To auoid the shocke of both , Ahaz doth not betake himselfe to the God whō he had offended ; who was able to make his enemies at peace with him , but to Tiglath Pileser King of Ashur : Him doth hee wooe with suits , with gifts ; and robs God of those presents , which may indeare so strong an helper . Hee that thought not his son too deare for an Idol , thinkes not Gods siluer and gold too deare for an Idolatrous abettor . Oh the infinite patience of the Almighty ! God giues successe a while to so offensiue a riuality : This Assyrian King preuailes against the King of Syria ; kils him , and takes his chiefe City , Damascus ; The quarrell of the King of Iudah hath inlarged the territories of his assistant , beyond hope ; And now , whiles this Assyrian victor is inioying the possession of his new-won Damascus : Ahaz goes vp thither to meet him , to congratulate the victory , to adde vnto those triumphs , which were drawne on by his solicitation . There hee sees a new fashion'd Altar , that pleases his eye ; That old forme of Salomons , which was made by the pattern showd to Moses in the Mount , is now growne stale , and despicable ; A modell of this more exquisite frame is sent to Vrijah , the Priest ; and must be sampled in Ierusalem . It is a dangerous presumption to make innouations , if but in the circumstances of Gods worship . Those humane additions which would seeme to grace the institution of God , depraue it ; That infinite wisedome knowes best what will please it selfe , and prescribes accordingly ; The foolishnesse of God is wiser then the wisedome of men ; Idolatry and falshood is commonly more gawdy and plausible , then truth ; That hart which can for the outward homelinesse despise the ordinances of God , is already aliened from true religion , and lyes open to the grossest superstition . Neuer any Prince was so foully idolatrous , at that he wanted a Priest to second him : An Vrijah is fit to humor an Ahaz . Greatnesse neuer could command any thing , which some seruile wits were not ready both to applaud , and iustifie . Ere the King can be returned from Damascus , the altar is finished ; It were happy if true godlinesse could be so forward in the prosecutions of good : Neither is this strange pile reared onely , but thrust vp betwixt Gods altar , and the temple ; in an apparent precedency , as if he said , Let the God of Iudah come behind the Deities of Syria . And now , to make vp the full measure of his impiety , this idolatrous King will himselfe be sacrificing vpon his new altar , to his new gods ; the gods of Damascus : An vsurped priesthood well becomes a false Deity . Because ( saith he ) the gods of the Kings of Syria helpe them , therefore will Isacrifice to them , that they may helpe mee . Oh blinde superstition ! how did the gods of Syria helpe their Kings , when both those Kings , and their gods were vanquished , and taken by the King of Assyria ? Euen this Damascus , and this altar were the spoyle of a forraigne enemy ; How then did the gods of Syria helpe their Kings , any other , then to their ruine ? what dotage is this to make choice of a foyled protection ? But had the Syrians prospered , must their gods haue the thanks ? Are there no authors of good but blocks or Deuils ? Or is an outward prosperity the only argument of truth , the onely motiue of deuotion ? O foolish Ahaz , it is the God thou hast forsaken , that plagues thee , vnder whose onely arme thou might'st haue preuailed . His power beats those Pagan stockes , one against other , so , as one while , one seems victorious , another vanquisht ; and at last hee confounds both , together with their proudest clients : Thy selfe shall be the best instance . Of all the Kings of Iudah hitherto , there is none so dreadfull an example either of sin , or iudgement , as this son of good Iotham . I abhor to think that such a monster should descend from the loynes of Dauid ; where shall bee the period of this wickednesse ? Hee beganne with the hie places , thence he descends to the Calues of Dan and Bethel ; from thence he falls to a Syrian altar , to the Syrian god ; then from a partnership hee falls to an vtter exclusion of the true God , and blocking vp his Temple ; and then to the sacrifice of his owne sonne ; and at last , as if hell were broken loose vpon Gods inheritance , euery seuerall City , euery hie place of Iudah hath a new god : No maruell if he bee branded by the Spirit of God , with , This is that King Ahaz . What a fearfull plague did this noysome deluge of sin leaue behind it , in the land of Iudah ? who can expresse the horror of Gods reuenge vpō a people that should haue beene his ? Pekah the King of Israel , slew an hundred and twentie thousand of them in one day ; amongst whom was Maseiah the sonne of Ahaz : O iust iudgement of the Almighty ! Ahaz sheds the blood of one sonne to an idoll : The true God sheds the blood of another of his sons , in reuenge . Yet , the hand of the Lord is stretched out still : Two hundred thousand of them were caried away by the Israelites captiue to Samaria : The Edomites came , and caried away another part of them for bondslaues , to their country : The Philistims came vp and shared the Cities of the south of Iudah , and the villages thereof ; Shortly , what other is miserable Iudah , then the prey , and spoile of all the neighbouring Nations ? For the Lord brought Iudah low because of Ahaz King of Israel , for hee made Iudah naked , and transgressed sore against the Lord : As for the great King of Ashur , whom Ahaz purchased with the sacrilegious pillage of the house of God , in stead of an ayd , hee proues a burden ; How euer he sped in his first onsets ; now , hee distressed Iudah , but strengthned it not : The charge was as great , as the benefit small : sooner shall hee eate them out , then rescue them . No arme of flesh can shelter Ahaz from a vengeance . Be wise , ô ye Kings , be instructed ô yee Iudges of the earth ; serue the Lord with feare , and reioyce with trembling : Kisse the Sonne lest he be angry , and ye perish from the way , when his wrath is kindled but a little . His subiects complaine , that he died so late , and , as repenting that he euer was , deny him a roome in the sepulchers of Kings : as if they said ; the common earth of Ierusalem is too good for him that degenerated from his Progenitors , marr'd his kingdome , depraued his people , forsooke his God. The vtter Destruction of the Kingdome of ISRAEL . IVdah was at a sore heaue , yet Israel shall mis-cary before it ; such are the sins of both , that they striue whether shall fall first ; but this lot must light vpon the ten Tribes ; though the late King of Iudah were personally worse then the most of Ieroboams successors , yet , the people were generally lesse euill : vpon whom the incroachments of Idolatry were more by obtrusion , then by consent , besides that the thrones of Iudah had some interchanges of good Princes , Israel none at all : The same iustice therefore that made Israel a scourge to Iudah , made Assyria a scorpion to Israel . It was the quarrell of Iudah that first ingaged the King of Ashur in this warre against Israel ; now he is not so easily fetcht off ; So we haue seen some eager mastiue , that hath beene set on by the least clap of the hand , but could not bee loosned by the force of staues . Salmaneser King of Assyria comes vp against Hoshea King of Israel , and subdues him ; and puts him to his Tribute : This yoke was vncouth and vnpleasing ; The vanquisht Prince was neither able to resist , nor willing to yeeld ; secretly therefore he treats with the King of Egipt for assistance , as desiring rather to hazard his liberty by the hand of an equall , then to inioy a quiet subiection vnder the hand of an ouer-ruling power ; wee cannot blame Princes to bee iealous of their soueraignties ; The detaining of his yearely Tribute , and the whisperings with new confederates , haue drawne vp the King of Ashur to perfect his own victories : He returnes therefore with a strong power , and after three yeares siege , takes Samaria , imprisons Hoshea , and in the exchange of a wofull captiuity , he peoples Israel with Assyrians , and Assyria with Israelites . Now that abused soyle hath vpon a surfet of wickednesse , cast out her perfidious owners , and will try how it can fare with heathenish strangers : Now the Assyrian gallants triumph in the Palaces of Samaria and Iezreel ; whiles the Peeres and Captaines of Israel are driuen manicled through the Assyrian streets , and billeted to the seuerall places of their perpetuall seruitude : Shortly , now the flourishing Kingdome of the tenne Tribes is comne to a finall and shamefull end ; and so vanished in this last dissipation , that , since that day , no man could euer say , This was Israel . Oh terrible example of vengeance , vpon that peculiar people , whom God hath chosen forhimselfe , out of all the world : All the world were witnesses of the fauours of their miraculous deliuerances , and protections ; All the world shall be witnesses of their iust confusion . It is not in the power of sleight errors to set off that infinite mercy : What was it , ô God , what was it , that caused thee to cast off thine owne inheritance ? What but the same that made thee to cast the Angells out of heauen ? Euen their rebellious sins . Those sins dared to emulate the greatnesse of thy mercies , no lesse , then they forced the seuerity of thy iudgments : They left all the commandements of the Lord their God ; and made them molten Images , euen two Calues ; and made a groue and worshipped all the host of heauen ; and serued Baal ; and caused their sonnes and daughters to passe through the fire , and vsed diuination , and enchantments , and sold themselues to doe euill in the sight of the Lord to prouoke him to anger . Neither were these slips of frailty , or ignorant mis-takings , but wilfull crimes , obstinate impieties , in spight of the doctrines , reproofes , menaces , miraculous conuictions of the holy Prophets , which God sent amongst them : Thy destruction is of thy selfe , ô Israel ; what could the iust hand of the Almighty doe lesse then consume a nation so incorrigibly flagitious ? A nation so vnthankfull for mercies , so impatient of remedies , so vncapable of repentance : so obliged , so warned , so shamelesly , so lawlesly wicked ? What nation vnder heauen can now challenge an vndefaisible interest in God ; when Israel it selfe is cast off ? what Church in the world can show such deare loue-tokens from the Almighty as this , now-abhorred , and adulterous spouse ? Hee that spared not the naturall Oliue , shall hee spare the wild ? It is not for vs sinners of the Gentiles to be high-minded , but awfull . The Israelites are caryed captiue into Assyria ; those goodly Cities of the ten tribes may not lie wast , and vnpeopled : The wisedome of the victor findes it fit to transplant his owne Colonies thither ; that so he may raise profit thence , with security : From Babylon therfore , and Cuthah , and Aua , and Hamath , and Sepharuaim , doth he send of his owne subiects to possesse , and inhabit the Cities of Samaria . The land doth not brook her new Tenants : They feared not the Lord ; ( how should they , they knew him not ? ) Therefore the Lord sent Lyons amongst them which slew some of them : Not the veriest Pagan can bee excused for his ignorance of God ; Euen the deprauedst nature might teach vs to tremble at a Deity ; It is iust with the Almighty not to put vp neglect , where hee hath bestowed reason . The brute creatures are sent to reuenge the quarrell of their Maker , vpon worse beasts , then themselues . Still hath God left himselfe Champions in Israel : Lyons teare the Assyrians in pieces ; and put them in mind , that , had it not beene for wickednesse , that land needed not to haue changed masters . The great Lord of the world cannot want meanes to plague offenders : If the men bee gone , yet the beasts are there ; And if the beasts had beene gone , yet so long as there were stones in the wals , in the quarries God would be sure of auengers : There is no security but in being at peace with God. The King of Assyria is sued to , for remedy : Euen these Pagans haue learned to know that these Lyons were sent from a God ; that this punishment is for sinne ; They know not the manner of the God of the land , therefore he hath sent Lyons among them : These blind Heathen that thinke euery land hath a seuerall God ; yet , hold that God , worthy of his owne worship ; yet , hold that worship must bee grounded vpon knowledge ; the want of that knowledge , punishable , the punishmēt of that want , iust , and diuine : How much worse then Assyrians are they that are ready to ascribe all calamities to nature to chance ? that acknowledging but one God of all the world , are yet carelesse to know him to serue him ? One of the Priests of Israel is appointed to bee caried backe to Samaria , to teach the Assyrian Colony the fashions of the God of the land ; not for deuotion , but for impunity : vaine Politicians thinke to satisfie God by patching vp religions ; any formes are good enough for an vnknowne deity : The Assyrian Priests teach , and practise the worship of their own Gods ; The Israelitish Priest prescribes the worship of the true God ; The people will follow both ; the one out of liking , the other out of feare : What a prodigious mixture was here of religions ? true with false , Iewish with Paganish , diuine with diuellish ; Euery diuision of these transplanted Assyrians had their seuerall deities , high places , sacrifices ; this Priest of Israel intercommons with euery of them : So as now these fathers of Samaritanisme , are in at all ; They feare the Lord and serue their idols : No beggers cloak is more peeced then the religion of these new inhabitants of Israel . I know not how their bodies sped for the Lyons , I am sure their soules fared the worse for this medlie : Aboue all things God hates a mungrell deuotion ; If we be not all Israel , it were better to bee all Ashur ; It cannot so much displease God to bee vnknowne or neglected , as to bee consorted with Idols . HEZEKIAH and SENACHERIB . ISrael is gone , Iudah is left standing ; or rather some few sprigs of those two Tribes : so we haue seene in the shredding of some large Timber-tree , one or two boughes left at the top to hold vp the sap . Who can but lament the poore remainders of that languishing kingdome of Dauid ? Take out of the two Tribes of Iudah , and Beniamin , one hundred and twenty thousand , whom Pekah the King of Israel slew in one day . Take out two hundred thousand that were caried away captiue to Samaria ; Take out those that were transported into the bondage of the Edomites ; and those that were subdued in the South parts , by the Philistims ; alas , what an handfull was left to the king of Iudah ; scarce worth the name of a dominion : Yet , euen now , out of the gleeds of Iudah , doth God raise vp a glorious light to his forlorne Church ; yea , from the wretched loynes of Ahaz , doth God fetch an holy Ezekiah . It had beene hard to conceiue the state of Iudah worse then it was ; neither was it more miserable , then sinfull , and in regard of both , desperate ; when beyond hope , God reuiues this dying stocke of Dauid , and out of very ruines builds vp his owne house . Ahaz was not more the ill sonne of a good father , then he was the ill father of a good sonne . He was the ill sonne of good Iotham , the ill father of good Hezekiah . Good Hezekiah makes amends for his fathers impietie ; and puts a new life into the hartlesse remnant of Gods people . The wisedome of our good God knowes when his ayd will bee most seasonable , most welcome ; which hee then loues to giue , when he findes vs left of all our hopes : That mercifull hand is reserued for a dead lift ; then , he failes vs not . Now , you might haue seene this pious Prince busily bestirring himselfe , in so late and needfull a reformation , remouing the high places , battering and burning the Idolls , demolishing their temples , cutting downe their groues , opening the Temple , purging the altars , and vessells , sanctifying the Priests , rekindling the Lampes , renuing the incense , reinstituting the sacrifices , establishing the order of Gods seruice , appointing the courses , setling the maintenance of the ministers , publishing the decrees for the long-neglected Pass-ouer ; celebrating it , and the other feasts , with due solemnity , incouraging the people , contributing bountifully to the offerings , and , in one word , so ordering all the affayres of God , as if hee had beene sent downe from heauen to restore Religion ; as if Dauid himself had been aliue againe in this blessed heyre , not so much of his Crowne , as of his piety . Oh Iudah , happy in thy Ezekiah , Oh Ezekiah happy in the gratious restauration of thy Iudah : Ahaz shall haue no thanke for such a sonne ; The God that is able of the very stones to raise children to Abraham , rayses a true seed of Dauid out of the corrupt loynes of an Idolater : That infinite mercy is not tyed to the termes of an immediate propagation : For the space of three hundred yeares , the man after Gods owne heart had no perfect heyre till now ; Till now did the high places stand : the deuotions of the best Princes of Iudah were blemished with some weake omissions ; Now the zeale of good Ezekiah cleares all those defects , and workes an intyre change . How seasonably hath the prouidence of God kept the best man for the worst times ? When God hath a great worke to doe , hee knowes to fit himselfe with instruments . No maruell if the Paganish Idolls goe to vvracke , vvhen euen the brazen Serpent that Moses had made by Gods owne appointment , is broken in peeces : The Israelites were stung with fiery Serpents , this brazen Serpent healed them , which they did no sooner see , then they recouered : But now , such was the venome of the Israelitish Idolatry , that this Serpent of brasse , stung worse then the fiery ; That , which first cured by the eye , now by the eye poysoned the soule ; That which was at first , the type of a Sauiour , is now , the deadly engine of the Enemy . Whiles it helped , it stood ; it stood whiles it hurt not , but when once wicked abuse hath turned it into an Idoll ; what was it but Nehushtan ? The holinesse of the first institution cannot priuiledge ought from the danger of a future profanation ; nor , as the case may stand , from an vtter abolition : What antiquity , what authoritie , what primary seruice might this Serpent haue pleaded ? All that cannot keepe it out of the dust . Those things which are necessarie in their being , beneficiall in their continuance , may still remaine when their abuse is purged ; but those things whose vse is but temporary , or whose duration is needlesse and vnprofitable , may cease with the occasion , and much more perish with an inseparable abuse . Ezekiah willingly forgets who made the Serpent , when he fees the Israelites make it an idoll : It is no lesse intolerable for God , to haue a riuall of his owne making . Since Hezekiah was thus , aboue all his Ancestors , pright with the Lord ; it is no maruell if the Lord were with him ; if he prospered , whither soeuer hee went ; The same God that would haue his iustice magnified in the confusion of the wicked Princes of Issrael , and Iudah , would haue his mercy no lesse acknowledged , in the blessings of faithfull Hezekiah . The great King of Assyria had in a sort swallowed vp both the Kingdomes of Iudah , and Israel ; yet not with an equall cruelty ; He made Israel captiue , Iudah ( vpon a willing composition ) tributary . Israel is vanished in a transportation , Iudah continues vnder the homage wherein Ahaz left it : Hezekiah had raigned but sixe yeares when he saw his neighbours of Israel packing into a miserable captiuity ; & the proud Assyrians Lording in their Cities ; yet , euen then , when hee stood alone , in a corner of Iudah , durst Hezekiah draw his necke out of the yoke of the great , and victorious Monarch of Assyria ; and , as if one enemy had not beene enough , at the same time , hee falls vpon the incroaching Philistims , and preuailes . It is not to be asked , what powers a man can make , but in what termes he stands with heauen . The vnworthy father of Hezekiah had clogged Iudah with this seruile fealty to the Assyrian ; what the conditions of that subiection were , it is too late , and needlesse for vs to inquire , If this payment were limited to a period of time , the expiration acquitted him ; If vpon couenants of ayd , the cessation thereof acquitted him ; If the reforming of religion , & banishment of Idolatry ran vnder the censure of rebellion , the quarrell on Ezekiahs part , was holy , on Senacheribs vniust : but if the restipulation were absolute , and the withdrawing of this homage vpon none but ciuill grounds , I cannot excuse the good King from a iust offence : It was an humane frailty in an obliged Prince by force to affect a free and independant soueraignty . What doe we mince that fact , which holy Ezekiah himselfe censures ? I haue offended , returne from mee , what thou putst on mee will I beare ? The comfort of liberty may not be had with an vnwarranted violence . Holinesse cannot free vs from infirmity : It was a weaknes to doe that act , which must bee soone vndone with much repentance , and more losse ; This reuolt shall cost Ezekiah ( besides much humiliation ) three hundred yearely talents of siluer , thirty talents of gold : How much better had it beene for the Cities of Iudah to haue purchased their peace with an easie tribute , then warre with an intolerable taxation . Fourteene years had good Hezekiah fed vpon a sweet peace , sauced only with a set pension ; now he must prepare his pallat for the bitter morsels of warre . The King of Assyria is comne vp against all the defenced Cities of Iudah ; and hath taken them : Ezekiah : is faine to buy him out with too many talents ; The poore Kingdome of Iudah is exhaust , with so deepe a payment ; in so much as the King is forced to borrow of God himselfe , for Hezekiah gaue him all the siluer that was found in the house of the Lord ; yea , at that time did Hezekiah cut off the gold from the doores of the temple of the Lord , and from the pillars which he had ouer-laid , and gaue it to the King of Assyria . How hard was good Hezekiah driuen , ere he would bee thus bold with his God ? Surely if the mines , or cofers of Iudah could haue yeelded any supply , this shift had beene hatefull ; to fetch back for an enemy , that which hee had giuen to his Maker : Onely necessity excuses that from sacriledge in the sonne , which will , made sacriledge in the father : That which is once deuoted to a sacred vse , may not be called backe to a profane : But he whose the earth is , and the fulnesse of it , is not so taken with our metals , that hee should more regard our gold , then our welfare : His goodnes cannot grudge any outward thing for the price of our peace : To rob God out of couetousnesse , or wantonnesse , or neglect is iustly damnable ; wee cannot robbe him out of our need ; for then he giues vs all we take ; and bids vs ransome our liues , our liberties ; The treasures of Gods house were precious , for his sake , to whom they were consecrated , but more precious in the sight of the Lord was the life of any one of his Saints . Euery true Israelite was the spirituall house of God ; why should not the doore of the materiall tēple be willingly stripped , to saue the whole frame of the spirituall Temple . Take therefore , ô Hezekiah what thou hast giuen , no gold is too holy to redeeme thy vexation : It matters not so much how bare the doores of the Temple bee , in a case of necessity , as how wel the insides be furnished with sincere deuotion . O the cruell hard hartednesse of those men which will rather suffer the liuing Temples of God to be ruined ; then they will ransome their life , with farthings . It could not bee , but that the store of needy Iudah must soone be drawne dry with so deepe an exaction ; that sum cannot be sent , because it cannot be raised : The cruell Tyran calls for his brickes whiles he allowes no straw ; His anger is kindled because Ezekiahs cofers haue a bottome ; with amighty host doth he come vp a gainst Ierusalem ; therefore shal that City be destroyed by him , because by him it hath bin impouerished ; the inhabitants must bee slaues , because they are beggers . Oh lamentable , and , in sight , desperate condition of distressed Ierusalem : wealth it had none ; strength it had , but a little ; all the Country round about was subdued to the Assyrian ; that proud victor hath begirt the wals of it , with an innumerable army , scorning that such a shouell-full of earth should stand out but one day ; Poore Ierusalem stands alone , block't vp with a world of enemies , helplesse , friendlesse , comfortlesse ; looking for the worst of an hostile fury ; when Tartan and Rabsaris , and Rabshakeh , the great Captaines of the Assyrians , call to a parlee . Hezekiah sends to them three of his prime officers , his Steward , his Secretary , his Recorder . Lord ; What insolent blasphemies doth that foule mouth of Rabshakeh belch out against the liuing God , against his anointed seruant ? How plausibly doth hee discourage the subiects of Ezekiah , how proudly doth hee insult vpon their impotency , how doth he braue them with base offers of aduantage ; and lastly , how cunningly doth he fore-lay their confidence ( which was onely left them ) in the Almighty , protesting not to bee comne vp hither without the Lord ; The Lord said to me , Goe vp to this land , and destroy it ; How fearfull a word was this ? The rest were but vaine crackes , this was a thunderbolt to strike dead the heart of Ezekiah ; If Rabshakeh could haue been beleeued , Ierusalem could not but haue flowne open ; How could it think to stand out no lesse against God , then men ? Euen thus doth the great enemy of mankinde ; if hee can dis-hearten the soule from a dependance vpon the God of mercies , the day is his : Lewd miscreants care not how they be-lye God for their owne purposes . Eliakim the steward of Hezekiah well knew , how much the people must needes bee affected with this pernicious suggestion ; and faine would therefore , if not stop that wicked mouth , yet diuert these blasphemies into a forraigne expression . I wonder that any wise man should looke for fauour from an enemy : Speak I pray thee , to thy seruants in the Syrian language : What was this but to teach an aduersary hovv to doe mischiefe ? Wherfore came Rabshakeh thither but to gall Ezekiah , to vvith-dravv his subiects ? That tongue is properest for him vvhich may hurt most ; Deprecations of euill to a malicious man are no better then aduices . An vnknowne idiome is fit to keepe counsell ; they are familiar words that must conuey ought to the vnderstanding . Leud men are the worse for admonitions . Rabshakeh had not so strained his throat , to corrupt the citizens of Ierusalem , had it not beene for the humble obtestation of Eliakim ; Now he reares vp his voyce , and holds his sides , and roares out his double blasphemies ; one while affrighting the people with the great power of the mighty king of Assyria ; another while debasing the contemptible force of Hezekiah ; now smoothly alluring them , with the assurances of a safe and successfull yeeldance ; then , discouraging them with the impossibility of their deliuerance ; laying before them the fearfull examples of greater nations vanquished , by that sword , which was now shaken ouer them ; triumphing in the impotency , and mis-cariage of their gods : Who are they among all the Gods of the countries , that haue deliuered their Country out of mine hand , that the Lord should deliuer Ierusalem out of mine hand ? Where are the Gods of Arpad , and of Hamath ? Where , but in that hellish darknesse , that is ordained both for them , and for thee , barbarous Assyrian , that darest thus open thy mouth against thy Maker : And can those Atheous eyes of thine see no differēce of Gods ? Is there no distance betwixt a stocke , or stone , and that infinite Deity that made heauen & earth ? It is enough that thou now feelest it ; thy torments haue taught thee too late , that thou affrontedst a liuing God. How did the fingers & tongues of these Iewish Peeres and people , itch to be at Rabshakeh ; in a reuengefull answer to those impieties : All is whus ht ; not a word sounds from those vvalls : I doe not more wonder at Hezekiahs wisedome , in commanding silence , then at the subiects obedience , in keeping it ; This rayler could not be more spighted , then with no answer ; and if he might be exasperated , he could not bee reformed ; besides , the rebounding of those multiplyed blasphemies , might leaue some ill impressions in the multitude ; This sulphurous flaske , therefore , dyes in his owne smoke : onely leauing an hatefull stench behind it . Good Hezekiah cannot easily passe ouer this deuillish oratory ; no sooner doth he heare of it , thē he rends his clothes , and couers himselfe with sack-cloth , and betakes himselfe to the house of the Lord , and sends his officers , and the grauest of the Priests , clad in sack-cloth , to Esay the Prophet of God , with a dolefull and querulous message . Oh the noble piety of Hezekiah ; notwithstanding all the straits of the siege , and the danger of so powerfull an enemy ; I find not the garments of this good King , any otherwise then whole , and vnchanged ; but now so soon as euer a blasphemy is vttered against the Maiesty of his God , ( though by a Pagan dog ) his clothes are torne , and turned into sack-cloth : There can bee no better argument of an vpright heart , then to be more sensible of the indignities offered to God , then of our owne dangers . Euen these desperate reproches send Ezekiah to the Temple : The more we see Gods name profaned , the more shall we , if we be truely religious , loue and honor it . Whither should Hezekiab run but to the Temple , to the Prophet ? There , there is the refuge of all faithfull ones , where they may speak with God , where they may bee spoken to from God , and fetch comfort from both : It is not possible that a beleeuing heart should bee disappointed : Isaiah sends that message to the good King , that may dry vp his teares , and cheere his countenāce , and change his suit ; Thus saith the Lord , Be not afraid of the wordes which thou hast heard , with which the seruants of the King of Syria haue blasphemed me ; Behold I will send a blast vpon him ; and bee shall heare a rumor , and shall returne to his owne Land ; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his owne Land. Loe ; euen whiles Senacherib was in the height of his iollity & assurance ; Gods Prophet foresees his ruine ; and giues him for dead , whiles that Tyran thought of nothing but life and victory . Proud & secure worldlings little dreame of the neere approach of their iudgements : whiles they are plotting their deepest designes , the ouer-ruling iustice of the Almighty hath contriued their sudden confusion , and sees , and sets them their day . Rabshakeh returnes , and finding the King of Assyria warring against Libnah , reports to him the silent , ( and therein ) contemptuous answer , and firme resolutions of Hezekiah ; In the meane time God pulls Senacherib by the eare , with the newes of the approching army of Tirhakah King of Ethiopia , which was comming vp to raise the siege ; and to succour his confederats : That dreadfull power will not allow the Assyrian King , in person to lead his other forces vp against Ierusalem , nor to continue his former Leaguer long before those walls . But now , hee writes big words to Hezekiah , and thinks with his thundering menaces to beat open the gates , and leuell the bulwarks of Ierusalem : Like the true master of Rabshakeh , hee reuiles the God of Heauen ; and basely parallels him with the dunghill deities of the heathen . Good Ezekiah gets him into his Sanctuary ; there he spreads the letters before the Lord ; and calls to the God that dwells between the Cherubims , to reuenge the blasphemies of Senacherib , to protect and rescue himselfe , and his people . Euery one of those words pierced heauen ; which was no lesse open to mercy vnto Hezekiah ; then , vengeance to Senacherib ; Now is Isaiah addressed with a second message of comfort to him , who doubtlesse distrusted not the first : onely the reiteration of that furious blasphemy made him take faster hold , by his faithfull deuotion . Now , the iealous God in a disdaine of so blasphemous a contestation , rises vp in a stile of Maiesty , and gloriously tramples vpon this saucie insolency , Because thy rage against me , and thy tumult is comne vp into mine eares , therefore I will put my hooke into thy nose , and my beidle into thy lips : and will turne this backe by the way thou camest . Lod , Senacherib , the God of heauen makes a beast of thee , who hast so brutishly spurned at his name ; If thou be a rauenous Beare , hee hath an hooke for thy nosthrils : If thou be a resty horse , he hath a bridle for thy mouth ; In spight of thee , thou shalt follow his hooke , or his bridle ; and shalt be led to thy iust shame by either . It is not for vs to bee the Lords of our owne actions ; Thus saith the Lord concerning the King of Assyria ; He shall not come into this city , nor shoot an arrow there , nor come before it with shield , nor cast a banke against it ; by the way that he came shal he returne ; &c. Impotent men , what are we in the hands of the Almighty ? we purpose , he ouer-rules ; wee talke of great matters , and thinke to doe wonders ; he blowes vpon our proiects , and they vanish with our selues : He that hath set bounds to the Sea , hath appointed limits to the rage of the proudest enemies ; yea , euen the Deuils themselues are confined ; Why boast yee your selues , ô ye Tyrans , that ye can doe mischiefe ; yee are stinted : and euen within those lists , is confusion . O the Trophees of diuine Iustice , That very night the Angell of the Lord went out , and smote in the campe of the Assyrians an hundred fourescore & fiue thousand ; and when they arose earely in the morning , behold they were all dead corps . How speedy an execution was this , how miraculous ? No humane arme shall haue the glory of this victory ; It was God that was defied by that presūptuous Assyrian ; It is God that shall right his owne wrongs ; Had the Egyptian , or Ethyopian forces beene comne vp , though the same God had done this worke by them , yet some praise of this slaughter had perhaps cleau'd to their fingers . Now an inuisible hand sheds all this blood ; that his very enemies may cleare him frō all partnership of reuenge . Go now , wicked Senacherib , and tell of the gods of Hamath and Arpad , and Sepharuaim , and Hena , & Iuah , which thou hast destroyed , and say , that Hezekiahs God is but as one of these : Goe , and adde this Deity to the number of thy conquests : Now , say that Ezekiahs God in whom hee trusted hath deceiued him , and graced thy Tryumphes . With shame and griefe enough is that sneaped Tyran returned to his Niniue , hauing left behinde him , all the pride and strength of Assyria , for compost to the Iewish fields . Well were it for thee , ô Senacherib , if thou couldst escape thus ; vengeance waits for thee at home , and welcomes thee into thy place ; whiles thou art worshipping in the house of Nisroch thy god , two of thine own sons shall be thine executioners . See now , if that false Deity of thine can preserue thee frō that stroke which the true God sends thee by the hand of thine owne flesh ; Hee that slew thine hoast by his Angell , slayes thee by thy sonnes : The same Angell that killed all those thousands , could as easily haue smitten thee ; but he rather reserues thee for the further torment of an vnnaturall stroke , that thou mayest see too late , how easie it is for him in spight of thy God , to arme thine owne loines against thee . Thou art auenged , O God , thou art auenged plentifully of thine enemies ▪ Whosoeuer striues with thee , is sure to gaine nothing but losse , but shame , but death , but hell . The Assyrians are slaine , Senacherib is rewarded for his blasphemy : Ierusalem is rescued , Ezekiah reioyces , the nations wonder and tremble . O loue the Lord all ye his Saints , for the Lord preserueth the faithfull , & plenteously rewarded the proud doer . HEZEKIAH sicke , recouered , visited . HEzekiah was freed from the siege of the Assyrians , but hee is surprised with a disease : he that deliuered him from the hand of his enemies , smites him with sicknesse : God doth not let vs loose from all afflictions , when he redeemes vs from one . To thinke that Ezekiah was either not thankfull enough for his deliuerance , or too much lifted vp with the glory of so miraculous a fauour ; were an iniurious mis-construction of the hand of God ; and an vncharitable censure of an holy Prince : For , though no flesh and blood can auoid the iust desert of bodily punishment , yet God doth not alwayes strike with an intuition of sinne ; sometimes he regards the benefit of our triall ; sometimes the glory of his mercy in our cure . It was no sleight distemper , that seized vpon Ezekiah , but a disease both painfull , and fierce , and in nature deadly . O God , how thou lashest euen those whom thou louest : Hadst thou euer any such dearling in the throne of Iudah , as Hezekiah ? Yet he no sooner breatheth from a miserable siege , then hee panteth vnder a mortall sicknesse : when as yet he had not so much , as the comfort of a child , to succeed him , thy Prophet is sent to him with the heauy message of his death , Set thine house in order , for thou shalt dye and not liue . It is no small mercy of God that he giues vs warning of our end ; we shall make an ill vse of so gratious a premonition , if we make not a meet preparation for our passage . Euen those that haue not an house , yet haue a soule ; no soule can want important affaires to be ordered for a finall dissolution ; the neglect of this best thrift is desperate . Set thy soule in order , ô man , for thou shalt dye , and not liue . If God had giuen Ezekiah a son , nature had bequeathed his estate ; now , hee must study to find heyres : Euen these outward things , ( though in themselues worthlesse ) require our carefull disposition , to those we leaue behind vs ; and if wee haue delayed these thoughts , till then , our sicke beds may not complaine of their importunity ; We cannot leaue to our families a better legacy , then Peace . Neuer was the Prophet Esay vnwelcome to this good King , vntill now : Euen sad tidings must be caried by those messengers , which would be faithfull : neither may wee regard so much how they will bee taken , as by whom they are sent . It was a bold and harsh word to say to a King , Thou shalt dye , and not liue : I doe not heare Hezekiah rage , & fret at the message ; or threat the bearer , but he meekly turnes his face to the wall , and weepes , and prayes : Why to the wall ? Was it for the greater secrecie of his deuotion ? was is for the more freedome from all distraction ? was it that the passion which accompanied his prayer , might haue no witnesses ? Or , was it for that this wall lookt towards the Temple , which his heart and eyes still moued vnto , though his feet could not ? Howsoeuer , the patient soule of good Ezekiah turnes it selfe to that holy God , from whom hee smarts , and bleeds ; and poures out it selfe into a feruent deprecation , I beseech thee , O Lord , remember now how I haue walked before thee in truth , and with a perfect hart ; and haue done that which is good in thy sight . Couldst thou feare , ô Ezekiah , that God had forgotten thine integrity ? The grace that was in thee , was his owne worke ; could he in thee neglect himselfe ? Or dost thou therefore doubt of his remembrance of thy faithfulness , because hee summons thee to receiue the crowne of thy faithfulnesse , glory , and immortality ? wherein canst thou bee remembred , if this bee to forget thee ? What challenge is this ? Is God a debter to thy perfection ? Hath thine holy cariage merited any thing from that infinite Iustice ? Farre , farre were these presumptuous conceits from that humble and mortified soule : Thou hadst hated thine owne brest , if it could once haue harboured so proud a thought . This perfection of thine was no other , then an honest soundnesse of hart , & life , which thou knowest God had promised to reward : It was the mercy of the couenant that thou pleadedst , not the merit of thine obedience . Euery one of these words were steeped in teares : But what meant these words , these teares ? I heare not of any suit moued by Hezekiah ; onely he wishes to bee remembred , in that which could neuer bee forgotten , though hee should haue intreated for an obliuion . Speake out Hezekiah , what is it that thy teares craue , whiles thy lips expresse not ? O let me liue , and I shall praise thee , O God. In a naturall man none could wonder at this passionate request ; who can but wonder at it , in a Saint ? whose happinesse doth but then begin , when his life ceaseth : whose misery doth but then end , when his death enters : the word of faith , is , Oh let me dye , that I may inioy thee . How then doth the good King crye at the newes of that death , which some resolute Pagans haue intertained with smiles ? Certainly , the best man cānot strip himselfe of some flesh , and whiles nature hath an vndeniable share in him , he cannot but retaine some smatch of the sweetnesse of life , of the horror of dissolution ; Both these were in Hezekiah , neither of them could transport him into this passion : they were higher respects that swayed with so holy a Prince ; a tender care of the glory of God , a carefull pitty of the Church of God ; His very teares said ; ô God , thou knowest that the eyes of the world are bent vpon me , as one that hath abandoned their idolatry , and restored thy sincere worship ; I stand alone in the midst of a wicked and idolatrous generation , that lookes thorough all my actions , all my euents ; If now they shall see me snatcht away in the midst of my dayes , what will these Heathen say ; how can thy great name but suffer in this mine vntimely extinction ? Besides , what will become of thy poore Church , which I shall leaue feebly religious , and as yet scarce warme , in the course of a pious reformation ? how soone shall it be miserably ouer growne with superstition , and heathenisme ; how soone shall the wild Boare of Assyria root vp this little vineyard of thine ? What need I beseech thee , ô Lord , to regard thy name , to regard thine inheritance ? What one teare of Hezekiah can run wast ? What can that good King pray for , vnheard , vnanswered ? Senacherib came in a proud confidence to swallow vp his citie , and people : prayers and teares send him away confounded : Death comes to swallow vp his person , ( and that not without authority ) prayers and teares send him away disappointed . Before Isaiah was gone out into the midle Court , the word of the Lord came to him , saying ; Turne againe , and tell Hezekiah the Captaine of my people ; Thus saith the Lord , the God of Dauid thy father ; I haue heard thy prayer , I haue seene thy teares ; behold I will heale thee ; On the third day thou shalt goe vp to the house of the Lord ; and I will adde to thy dayes fifteene yeares . What shall we say then , ô God , hast thou thus soone changed thy purpose ? Was it not thy true message which thy Prophet , euen now , deliuered to Ezekiah ? Is some what falne out that thou fore-sawst not ? or , doest thou now decree somewhat thou meantst not ? The very thought of any of these were no better then blasphemous impiety . Certainly , Hezekiah could not liue one day longer , then was eternally decreed ; The decree of Gods eternall counsell had from euerlasting , determined him fifteene yeeres yet longer : Why then doth God say , by his Prophet , Thou shalt dye , and not liue ? He is not as man that he should repent ; the message is changed , the will is not changed ; yea rather the message is explicated , not changed ; For the signified will of God , though it sound absolutely , yet must bee vnderstood with condition ; that tells Hezekiah what hee must expect frō the nature of his disease , what would befall him , without his deprecations : There was nothing but death in the second causes ; what euer secret purpose there was in the first ; and that purpose shall lye hid for a time , vnder a reserued condition : The same decree that sayes , Niniue shall be destroyed , meanes , if Niniue repent , it shall not be destroyed ; hee that finds good reason to say , Hezekiah shall dye , yet still meanes , if the quickned deuotion of Hezekiah shall importune mee for life , it shall be protracted . And the same God that hath decreed this addition of fifteene years , had decreed to stirre vp the spirit of Hezekiah , to that vehement and weeping importunity , which should obtaine it . O God , thou workest thy good pleasure in vs , and with vs ; and by thy reuealed will mouest vs in those wayes , whereby thou effectest thy secret will. How wonderfull is this mercy ? Hezekiahs teares are not dry vpon his cheekes , yea his breath is not passed his lips , when God sends him a comfortable answer . How carefull is the God of compassions , that his holy seruant should not languish one houre , in the expectation of his denounced death ? What speed was here , as in the errand , so in the act of recouery ? within three daies shall Hezekiah be vpon his feet ; yea his feet shall stand in the Courts of Gods house ; he that now in his bed sighes , and grones , & weeps out a petition , shall then sing out a thanksgiuing in the Temple . Oh thou that hearest the prayer , vnto thee shall all flesh come : With what cheerfull assurance shold we approach to the throne of that grace , which neuer fayled any suppliant . Neither was this grant more speedie , then bountifull ; wee are wont to reckon seuen yeares for the life of a man ; and now , behold , more then two liues hath God added to the age of Hezekiah . How vnexampled a fauour is this ? who euer but Hezekiah knew his period so long before ? the fixednesse of his terme , is no lesse mercy , then the protraction ; we must be content to liue or die at vncertainties ; we are not worthy to calculate the date of our owne times : Teach vs , O Lord , so to number our dayes , that we may apply our hearts to wisedome . There is little ioy in many daies , if they be euill ; Ezekiah shall not be blessed onely with life , but with peace ; The proud Assyrian threatens an inuasiō ; his late foyle still stickes in his stomacke , and stirs him to a reuenge ; the hooke is in his nosthrils , hee cannot moue whither he lists ; The God of heauen will maintaine his owne quarrell : I will defend this City for mine owne sake , and for my seruant Dauids sake . Loe ; for his life , Ezekiah is beholden ( next vnder the infinite goodnes of God ) to his prayers ; for his protection , to the deare memory of his father Dauid ; surely , for ought we find , Ezekiah was no lesse vpright , and lesse offensiue then Dauid ; yet both Ezekiah and Ierusalem shall fare the better for Dauids sake , aboue three hundred yeares after . To that man after his owne heart , had God ingaged himselfe , by his gracious promise , to preserue his throne , his seed : God loues to remember his ancient mercies : How happy a thing it is to be faithfull with God ; this is the way to oblige those which are yet vnborne ; and to intayle blessings vpon the successions of future generations . It seemes it was some pestilent vlcer that thus indangered the life of Hezekiah . Isaiah is not a Prophet only , but a Physician . And Isaiah said , Take a lump of figs : Hee that gaue an assurance of recouery , giues a receit for the recouery . The decree of God includes the meanes : neither can the medicine worke without a word ; neither will the word worke without the medicine ; both of them must meet in the cure : If we so trust the promise , that we neglect the prescript , we presume to no purpose . Happy is that soule , that so regards the promise of Gods Prophets , as that withall he receiues their counsells . Nothing could bee more proper for the ripening of hard and purulent tumors , then dryed figs ; Herein Isaiahs direction was according to nature ; Wherefore should wee balke the ordinary road , when it is both fayre and neere ? The sudden contradiction of the message causes a iust difficulty in the assent . Hezekiah therefore craues a signe ; not for that he distrusted , but that hee might trust the more ; wee can neuer take too fast hold of those promises of God , which haue not more comfort in the application , then naturall impossibility in the performance . We beleeue , Lord , helpe our vnbeleefe . The sicke King hath his option ; His father was offred a signe and refused it ; hee sues for one , and obtaines it : Shall the shadow goe for ward ten degrees , or backe ten degrees ? As if heauen it selfe lay open to his choyce ; and were ready either to mend this pace , or retire for his confirmation ; What creature is not cheerfully forward to obey the faith of Gods seruāts ? Hezekiah fastens rather vpon that signe which is more hard , more disagreeing from the course of nature ; not without good reason ; Euery proofe must bee clearer then the thing to bee proued , neither may there want a meet proportion betwixt both ; now the going forward of the shadow was a motion , no other thē naturall , the recouery of that pestilent disease was against the streame of nature ; the more difficult signe therefore , the surer euidence . Whether shall we more wonder at the measure of the loue of God to Hezekiah , or at the power of Isaiahs faith in God ? Out of both , either the Sun goes backe in heauen that his shadow may goe backe on earth : or the shadow no lesse miraculously goes backe on earth , whiles the Sunne goes forward in heauen . It is true that the Prophet speakes of the shadow , not of the Sun ; except perhaps because the motion of the Sun is best discerned by the shadow ; and the motion of the shadow is led by the course of the Sunne : besides , that the demonstration of this miracle is reported to be locall in the Diall of Ahaz , not vniuersall , in the sensible length of the day ; withall , the retrait of the Sunne had made a publike and noted change in the frame of nature , this particular alteration of the shadow in places limited , might satisfie no lesse without a confusiue mutation in the face of the world ; Whethersoeuer ; to draw the Sun backe together with the shadow ; or to draw the shadow backe without the Sunne was the proofe of a diuine omnipotency ; able therefore to draw backe the life of Hezekiah , fifteene degrees , from the night of death ; towards which it was hasting . O God , thou wilt rather alter the course of heauen and earth , then the faith of thy children shall sinke for want of supportation . It should seeme the Babylonians finding the Assyrian power abated by the reuengefull hand of Gods Angell , and their owne discord , tooke this aduantage of a reuolt ; and now to strengthen their part , fall in with Hezekiah King of Iudah , whom they found the old enemy to the Assyrians , & the great fauourite of heauen : him they wooe with gifts ; him they congratulate with Ambassages : The fame of Hezekiahs sicknesse , recouery , forme , and assurance of cure , haue drawne thither messengers , and presents from Berodach Baladan King of Babylon . The Chaldees were curious searchers into the secrets of nature , especially into the motions of the celestiall bodies ; Though there had beene no politicke relations , this very Astronomicall miracle had beene enough to fetch them to Ierusalem , that they might see the man , for whose sake the Sun forsooke his place , or the shadow forsooke the Sun. How easily haue we seene those holy men mis-caried by prosperity , against whom no miseries could preuaile ? Hee that stood out stoutly against all the Assyrian onsets , clinging the faster to his God , by how much he was harder assaulted by Senacherib , melteth now with these Babylonian fauours , and runnes abroad into offensiue weaknesses . The Babylonian Ambassadors are too welcome to Ezekiah ; As a man transported with the honor of their respectiue , and costly visitations , he forgets his teares , and his turning to the wall ; he forgets their incompatible Idolatry ; so hugging them in his bosome , as if there had beene no cause of strangenesse : All his doores fly open to them ; and in a vainglorious ostentation all his new-gathered treasures , all his strong armoryes entertaine their eyes ; nothing in his house , nothing in his Dominion is hid from them . Oh Ezekiah , what meanes this impotent ambition ? It is not long since thou tarest off the very plates of the Temple doores , to giue vnto Senacherib ; and can thy treasures be suddenly so multiplied , that they can be worthy to astonish forraine beholders ? Or , if thy store-house were as rich as the earth , can thy heart be so vain as to be lifted vp with these heauie metals ? Didst thou not see that heauen it selfe was at thy becke , whilest thou wert humbled ? and shall a little earthlie drosse haue power ouer thy soul ? Can the flattering applause of strangers let thee loose into a proud ioy , whom the late message of Gods Prophet resolued into teares ? Oh God , if thou do not keepe vs , as well in our sun-shine , as in our storme , wee are sure to perish : As in all time of our tribulation , so in all time of our wealth , good Lord deliuer vs. Alas , how sleight doth this weaknesse seeme in our eyes , to reioyce in the abundance of Gods blessings ? to call in forraine friēds to be witnesses of our plenty ? to raise our conceits , some little , vpon the acclamations of others , vpon the value of our owne abilities ? Lay thine hand vpon thy mouth , ô foolish flesh and blood when thou seest the censure of thy Maker . Isaiah the Prophet is sent speedily to Hezekiah , with a sharpe and heart-breaking message : Behold the dayes come that all that is in thine house , and that which thy fathers haue layd vp in store vnto this day , shall be caried into Babylon ; nothing shall be left , saith the Lord ; And of thy sonnes that shall issue from thee , which thou shalt beget , shall they take away , and they shall bee Eunuches in the Palace of the King of Babylon . No sinne can bee light in Hezekiah : the holinesse of the person addes to the vnholinesse of the act ; Eminency of profession doubles both the offence , and the iudgement . This glory shall end in an ignominious losse . The great and holy God will not digest pride in any , much lesse , in his owne . That which was the subiect of Hezekiahs sin , shall be the matter of his punishment ; those with whom he sinned , shall be his auengers ; It was his treasure and munitiō , wherin he prides himselfe to these men of Babylon : The men of Babylon shall cary away his treasure and munition ; What now doth Hezekiah but tempt them with a glorious booty ; as some fond traueler that would show his gold to a Thiefe ? These worldly things are furthest off from the heart ; Perhaps Hezekiah might not bee much troubled with their losse : Loe , God comes closer to him , yet . As yet was Ezekiah childlesse ; how much better had it beene to continue so still , then to bee plagued in his issue ? He shall now beget children to seruitude ; his loines shall yeeld Pages to the Court of Babylon : Whiles he sees them borne Princes , he shal foresee them made Eunuches in a forraigne Palace : What comfort can he take in the wishes and hopes of sonnes , when ere they bee borne , hee heares them destin'd to captiuitie and bondage ? This rod was smart , yet good Ezekiah kisses it ; his heart strucke him no lesse , then the mouth of the Prophet ; meekly therefore doth he yeeld to this diuine correction ; Good is the Word of the Lord which thou hast spoken . Thou hast spoken this word , but from the Lord ; it is not thine , but his ; and being his , it must needs bee , like himselfe , good : Good because it is iust , for I haue deserued more , and worse ; Good , because mercifull ; for I suffer not according to my deserts . Is it not good , if there be peace and truth in my daies ? I haue deserued a present paymēt , O God thou deferrest it ; I haue deserued it in person , thou reseruest it for those whom I cannot yet so feele , because they are not ; I haue deserued war & tumult , thou fauorest me with peace ; I haue deseru'd to be ouer-run with superstition , and Idolatry , thou blessest me with truth ; shouldst thou continue truth vnto me , ( though vpon the most vnquiet termes ) the blessing were too good for me ; but now thou hast promised , and wilt not reuerse it , that both truth and peace shall bee in my dayes ; Lord I adore thy iustice , I blesse thy mercy . Gods children are neither waspish nor fullen whē they are chid or beaten , but patiently hold their backes to the stripes of a displeased mercy ; knowing how much more God is to be magnified , for what he might haue done , then repined at , for what hee hath done ; resigning themselues ouer into the hand of that gracious iustice , which in their smart seekes their reformation and glory . MANASSEH . AT last , some three yeares after his recouery , Hezekiah hath a sonne ; but such a one , as if he could haue foreseene , orbity had beene a blessing . Still in the throne of Iudah there is a succession , and interchange of good and euill : Good Iotham is succeeded by wicked Ahaz ; wicked Ahaz is succeed by good Ezekiah ; Good Ezekiah is succeeded by wicked Manasseh : Euill Princes succeed to good , for the exercise of the Church : and good succeed to euill , for the comfort of the Church . The young yeares of Manasseh giue aduantage to his mis-cariage ; Euen , whiles he might haue been vnder the Ferule , hee swayed the Scepter : Whither may not a child be drawne , especially to a garish , and puppet-like superstition ? As infancy is capable of all impressions , so most of the worst . Neither did Manasseh beginne more earely thē he held out long ; He raigned more yeares then his good father liu'd : notwithstanding the miraculous addition to his age ; More then euer any King of Iudah , besides , could reach : Length of daies is no true rule of Gods fauour ; As plants last longer then sensitiue creatures , and brute creatures out-liue the reasonable ; so , amongst the reasonable , it is no newes for the wickedly great , to inherit these earthly glories , longer then the best . There wants not apparent reason for this difference ; Good Princes are fetcht away to a better Crowne ; They cannot bee losers , that exchange a weake and fading honor , for a perfection and eternity of blessednesse : Wicked men liue long to their owne disaduantage ; they do but cary so many more brands to their hell : If therefore there be a iust man that perisheth in his righteousnesse ; and there bee a wicked man that prolongs his life in his wickednesse , farre be it from vs , either to pity the remouall of the iust , or to enuie the continuance of the wicked ; This continues to his losse , that departs to an happy aduancement . It is very like that Ezekiah marrying so late , in the vigour both of his age , and holinesse , made a carefull choyce of a wife sutable to his owne piety ; Neither had his delight beene so much in her ( according to her name ) if her delight had not beene , as his , in God ; Their issue swarues from both , so fully inheriting the vices of his grandfather Ahaz , as if there had beene no interuention of an Ezekiah : So wee haue seene the kernell of a well fruited plant degenerate into that crab , or willow , which gaue the originall to his stocke ; yet can I not say that Ezekiah was as free from traducing euill to his sonne Manasseh , as Ahaz was free from traducing good to his sonne Hezekiah : Euill is incorporated into the best nature , whereas euen the least good descends from aboue . We may not measure grace by meanes : Was it possible that Manasseh hauing beene trained vp in the religious Court of his father Hezekiah , vnder the eye of so holy Prophets and Priests , vnder the shadow of the Temple of God , after a childhood seasoned with so gracious precepts , with so frequent exercise of deuotiō , should run thus wild into all heathenish abominations ; as if there had bin nothing but Idolatry in the seed of his conception , in the milke of his nourishment , in the rules of his institution , in the practice of his examples ? How vaine are all outward helpes without the influence of Gods Spirit ? and that spirit breathes where he listeth : good educatiō raiseth great hopes , but the proofe of them is in the diuine benediction . I feare to looke at the out-rages of this wicked sonne of Ezekiah : What hauocke doth hee make in the Church of God ? as if hee had beene borne to ruine Religion , as if his onely felicity had beene to vntwist , or teare , in one day , that holy web which his father had beene weauing , nine and twenty yeares ? and contrarily , to set vp in one houre that offensiue pile , which had beene aboue three hundred yeares in pulling down : so long had the high places stood ; the zeale of Ezekiah in demolishing them honored him , aboue all his predecessors ; and now the first act of this greene head was their reedifiyng : That mischiefe may be done in a day , which many ages cannot redresse . Fearefull were the presages of these bold beginnings ; From the mis-building of these chappels of the Hills to the true God , Manasseh proceeds to erecting of altars to a false : euen to Baal , the God of Ahab , the stale Idoll of the heathen ; yet further , not content with so few Deities ; he worships all the hoast of heauen ; and , that hee might despight God yet more , he sets vp altas to these abused riuals of their Maker , in the very house of the Lord ; that holy place doth hee not feare to defile with the grauen Image of the groue , that he had made : Neuer Amorite did so wickedly as Manasseh ; and , which was yet worse , it sufficed not to be thus wicked himselfe , but hee seduced Gods people to these abominations ; and , that his example might moue the more , he spares not his owne sonne from the fire of the Idol sacrifices . Neither were his witcheries lesse enormious , then his Idolatry ; he obserued times , hee vsed inchantments , he dealt with familiar spirits , & with wizards : Neither were either of these worse then his cruelty ; Hee shed innocent blood till hee had filled Ierusalem from one end to another . O Manasseh , how no lesse cruell wert thou to thine owne soule , thē to thy Iudah : What an hideous list of monstrous impiety is here ; Any one of which were enough to draw iudgment vpon a world ; but what hell is sufficient for all together ? What browes are not now lifted vp to an attentiue expectation of some present , and feareful vengeance from God , vpon such flagitious wickednesse ? Therefore thus saith the Lord , Behold I am bringing such euill vpon Ierusalem , & Iudah , that whosoeuer heareth of it , both his eares shall tingle : The person of Manasseh is not capable of reuenge enough ; as his sin dilated it selfe by an infectious diffusion to his people , so shall the punishment . Wee are sensible of the least touch of our owne miseries , how rarely are wee affected with other mens calamities ? yet this euill shall be such , as that the rumor of it shall beat no eare that shall not glow with an astonishing commiseration : What thē ô God , what shall that plague be , which thou threatnest with so much preface of horror ? I will stretch ouer Ierusalem the line of Samaria , and the plummet of the house of Ahab ; and I will wipe Ierusalem as a man wipeth a dish , wiping it and turning it vpside downe : And I will forsake the remnant of mine inheritance ; and I will deliuer them into the hand of their enemies , and they shall become a prey and a spoile vnto all their enemies . It is enough ô God , it is enough : What eare can but tingle ? what eye can but weepe ? what haire can but start vp ? what heart can bee but confounded at the mention of so dreadfull a reuenge ? Can there bee a worse iudgement then desolation , captiuity , desertion , spoyle , and torture of preuailing enemies ? but howeuer , other Cities and nations haue vndergone these disasters , without wonder , that all this should befall to thy Ierusalem , the place which thou hast chosen to thy selfe , out of the whole earth , the lot of thine inheritance , the seat of thine abode , whereof thou hast said , Here shall bee my rest for euer , it is able to amaze all eyes , all eares . No City could fare worse then Samaria , whose inhabitants after a wofull siege , were driuen , like cattle , into a wretched seruitude ; Ierusalem shall fare no better from Nebuchadnezzar the King of Babylon : Ierusalem , the glory of the earth , the dearling of heauen , See , ô ye vaine men , that boast of the priuiledges of Chaires , and Churches , see , and tremble . There is no place vnder heauen to which the presence of God is so wedded as that the sins thereof shall not procure a disdainfull , & finall diuorce : The height of former fauors shall be but an aggrauation of vengeance . This totall vastation of Ierusalem , shall take time : onwards , God begins with the person of wicked Manasseh ; against whom he stirres vp the Captaines of the hoast of the late friend , and old enemy of Iudah : Those thornes amongst which hee had shrouded his guilty head , cannot shelter him from their violence ; they take him , and binde him with fetters of yron , and cary him to Babylon ; There hee lyes loaded with chaines , in an vncomfortable dungeon exercised with variety of tortures , fed with such coorse pittances of bread , and sips of water , as might maintaine an vn willing life , to the punishmēt of the owner . What eye can now pity the deepest miseries of Manasseh ? What but bondage can befit him , that hath so lawlesly abused his liberty ? What but an vtter abdication can befit him that hath cast off his God , and doted vpon Deuils ? What but a dying life , and a tormenting death can bee fit for a man of blood ? Who now wold not haue giuē this man for lost ; and haue lookt when hell should claime her owne ? But oh the height , oh the depth of diuine mercy ! After all these prodigies of sin , Manasseh is a conuert ; When he was in affliction he besought the Lord his God : and humbled himselfe greatly before the God of his fathers . How true is that word of the Prophet , Vexation giues vnderstanding ; The viper when he is lashed , casts vp his poyson : The traitor when hee is racked , tells that truth which he had else neuer vttered ; If the crosse beare vs not to heauen , nothing can : What vse were there of the graine , but for the edge of the sickle , wherewith it is cut downe ; the stroke of the flayle , wherewith it is beaten ; the weight and attrition of the mill , wherewith it is crushed ; the fire of the ouen wherewith it is baken ? Say now , Manasseh , with that grandfather of thine ( who was , till now , too good for thee ) It is good for mee that I was afflicted : Euen thine yron was more precious to thee , then thy gold ; thy Gaole was a more happy lodging to thee , then thy palace ; Babylon was a better Schoole to thee , thē Ierusalem : what fooles are wee to frowne vpon our afflictions ? These , how crabbed soeuer , are our best friends . They are not , indeed , for our pleasure , they are for our profit : their issue makes them worthy of a welcome . What doe wee care how bitter that potion bee which brings health ? How farre a man may goe , and yet turne ? Could there bee fouler sinnes then these ? Lo , here was Idolatrie in the height , violation of Gods house , sorceries of all kinds , bloodie crueltie to his owne flesh , to the Saints of God ; and all these against the streame of a religious institution , of the zealous counsels of Gods Prophets , of the checks of his owne heart . Who can complaine that the way of heauen is blocked vp against him , when hee sees such a sinner enter ? Say the worst against thy selfe , ô thou clamorous foule ; Here is one that murdered men , defied God , worshipt Diuels ; and yet finds the way to repentance ; if thou bee worse then he , deny ( if thou canst ) that to thy selfe , which God hath not denied to thee , capacitie of grace : In the meane time ; know that it is not thy sinne , but thine impenitence that barres heauen against thee . Presume not yet , ô man , whosoeuer thou art , of the libertie of thy conuersion ; as if thou couldest run on lawlesly in a course of sinning , till thou come to the brim or hell ; and then couldst suddenly stop , and returne at leasure : the mercy of God did neuer set period to a wilfull sinner ; neither yet did his owne corrupt desires ; so as when he is gone the furthest , he could yet stay himselfe from another step : No man that truly repents is refused : but many a one sins so long , that he cannot repent . His custome of wickedness hath obdur'd his hart , & made it flint to all good impressions . There were Ieroboams , and Abijams , and Ahabs , and Ioashes , & Ahazes , in these sacred thrones , there was but one Manasseh : God hath not left in any mans hād the reines of his owne hart , to pace , & turne , and stop as hee lists ; This priuiledge is reserued to him that made it ; It is not of him that wils , nor of him that runs , but of God that showes mercy : and that mercy neglected , iustly binds ouer to iudgement . I wonder not at Manasseh , either sinning , or repenting , I wonder at thy goodnesse , ô Lord ; who after thy iust permission of his sinne , callest him thus graciously to repent , and so graciously receiuest him repenting : So as Manasseh was not a more loathsome and monstrous spectacle of wickednesse , then he is now a pleasing and vsefull patterne of conuersion ; Who can now despaire of thy mercie , ô God , that sees the teares of a Manasseh accepted ? whē wee haue debauched our worst ; our euill cannot match with thy goodnesse ; rather it is the praise of thine infinite store , that where sinne abounds , grace abounds much more ; O keepe vs from a presumption of grace , that wee may repent ; and raise vs from a distrust of grace when wee haue repented . No sooner is Manasseh penitent , then he is free ; his prayers haue at once loosed him from his sinnes , and from his chaines ; and of a captiue haue made him a King ; and from the dungeon of Babylon haue restored him to the palace of Ierusalem : How easie is it for the same hand that wounds to cure : What cannot feruent prayers doe , eyther for our rescuing from euill , or for our inuesting with good ? Then Manasseh knew that the Lord he was God. Then ? and not before ? Could his yonger eares escape the knowledge of Gods miraculous deliuerance of Ierusalem from the Assyrians ? Could hee but know the slaughter that Gods Angell made in one night , of an hundred fourescore and fiue thousand ? Could he but haue heard the iust reuenge vpon Senacherib ? Could he be ignorant of his fathers supernaturall recouery ? Could hee but see that euer-lasting monument of the noted degrees in the Dyall of Ahaz ? Could he auoid the sense of those fifteene yeares , which were super-added to his fathers age ? What one of these proofes doth not euince a Deity ? Yet , till his owne smart , and cure , Manasseh knew not that the Lord was God. Foolish sinners pay deare for their knowledge ; neither will indure to be taught good-cheape : so we haue seene resty horses that will not moue till they bleed with the spur : So we haue seene dull and carelesse children , that will learne nothing but what is put into them with the rod. The Almighty wil be sure to be knowne for what he is : if not by faire meanes , yet by foule ; If our prosperity , and peace , and sweet experience of his mercy can win vs to acknowledge him , it is more for our ease , but , if we will needes bee taught by stripes , it is no lesse for his glory . Manasseh now returnes another man to Ierusalem : With what indignation doth hee looke vpon his old follies ? and now , all the amends he can make , is to vndoe what he did ; to doe that which hee vndid : Hee tooke away the strange Gods , and the Idoll out of the house of the Lord , and all the altars that he had built in the mount of the house of the Lord , and in Ierusalem , and cast them out of the City . True repentance beginnes to decline at the ablatiue ; destroying those monuments of shame which former errour had reared ; The thornes must first be stubbed vp , ere the ground can be capable of seed ; The true method of grace , is , first , Cease to doe euill ; then , Learne to doe good . In vaine had Manasseh professed a repentance , if the strange gods had still held possession of Ierusalem , if the Idoll had still harboured in Gods Temple , if forraigne altars had still smoked vpon the holy mountaine ; Away with all this trash , when once Manasseh comes to a true sense of piety . There is nothing but hypocrisie in that penitent , who after all vowes , and teares , retaines his old abhominations ; It is that poore peece of satisfactiō which we can giue to the diuine iustice , in an hearty indignation , to fling downe that cup of wickednesse wherewith wee haue beene bewitched , and to trample vpon the shreads : without which , confession is but winde , and the drops of contrition , water . The liuing God loues to dwell cleane , hee will not come vnder the roofe of Idols , nor admit Idols to come vnder his : First therfore , Manasseh casts out the strange Gods and Idols , and altars ; and then , He repaires the Altar of the Lord , and sacrifices thereon peace-offerings , and thanke-offerings . Not , till he had pull'd down , might he build ; and when hee had pull'd downe , hee must build : True repentance is no lesse actiue of good . What is it the better , if when the Idolatrous altars are defaced , the true God hath not an Altar erected to his Name ? In many Altars was superstition , in no altars , Atheisme . Neither doth penitent Manasseh build God a new Altar , but hee repaires the old , which by long dis-vse lay wast , and was mossie & mouldred with age & neglect . God loues well his owne institutions ; neither can he abide innouations , so much as in the out-sides of his seruices . It is an happy worke to vindicate any ordinance of God from the iniurie of times , and to restore it to the originall glory . What haue our pious gouernors done other in religion ? had wee gone about to lay a new foundation , the worke had been accursed ; now wee haue onely scraped off some superfluous mosse , that was growne vpon these holy stones , we haue cemented some broken peeces , we haue pointed some crazie corners with wholsome morter , in stead of base clay , wherewith it was disgracefully patched vp : The altar is old , it is Gods altar : It is not new , not ours : If we haue layd one new stone in this sacred building , let it flye in our faces , and beat out our eyes . On this repaired altar doth Manasseh send vp the sacrifices of his peace , of his thankfulnesse ; and doubtlesse the God of heauen smels a sweet sauour of rest ; No perfume is so pleasing to God , as that which is cast in by a penitent hand . It had not serued the turne that Manasseh had approched alone to this renued altar ; As his leud example had withdrawn the people from their God ; so now he commands Iudah to serue the Lord God of Israel ; Had he been silent , he could not haue been vnfollowed : Euery act of greatnesse is preceptiue ; but now that religion is made Law , what Israelite will not be deuout ? The true God hath now no competitour in Iudah ; All the Idolls are pull'd downe , the high places will not be pull'd downe ; An ill guise is easilie taken vp , it is not so easily left . After a common deprauation of religion , it is hard to returne vnto the first purity : as when a garmēt is deeply soiled , it cannot without many lauers recouer the former cleannesse . IOSIAH'S Reformation . YEt , if wee must alter from our selues , it is better to bee a Manasseh , then a Ioash : Ioash beganne well , and ended ill : Manasseh began ill , and ended well ; his age varied from his youth , no lesse , then one mans condition can varie from another ; His posterity succeeded in both ; Amnon his sonne succeeded in the sinnes of Manassehs youth ; Iosiah his grandchild succeeded in the vertues of his age . What a vast differēce doth grace make in the same age ? Manasseh began his reigne at twelue yeares ; Iosiah at eight ; Manasseh was religiously bred vnder Hezekiah ; Iosiah was mis-nurtured vnder Amnon ; and yet Manasseh runs into absurd Idolatries , Iosiah is holie and deuout . The Spirit of God breathes freely ; not confining it selfe to times , or meanes . No rules can bind the hands of the Almightie ; It is in ordinarie proofe too true a word , that was said of old , Woe be to thee , O Land , whose King is a child : the goodnesse of God makes his owne exceptions ; Iudah neuer fared better , then in the green years of a Iosiah : If wee may not rather measure youth , and age by gouernment , and disposition , then by yeares : Surely thus , Iosiah was older with smooth cheekes , then Manasseh with gray haires . Happy is the infancie of Princes , when it falls into the hands of faithfull Counsellors . A good patterne is no small helpe for young beginners ; Iosiah sets his father Dauid before him , not Amnon , not Manasseh : Examples are the best rules for the inexperienced ; where their choice is good , the directions are easiest : The lawes of God are the wayes of Dauid ; Those lawes were the rule , these wayes were the practice ; Good Iosiah walkes in all the wayes of his Father Dauid . Euen the minority of Iosiah was not idle ; we cannot be good too early : At eight yeares it was enough to haue his eare open to heare good counsaile ; to haue his eies & hart opē to seek after God : At twelue , he begins to act : and showes well that hee hath found the God he sought : Then he addresses himselfe to purge Iudah , and Ierusalem , from the high places , groues , images , altars , wherewith it was defiled ; burning the bones of the idolatrous Priests vpon their altars ; strawing the ashes of the idols vpon the graues of them that had sacrificed to them , striuing by those fires , and mattocks to testifie his zealous detestation of all idolatry . The house must first be clensed , ere it can bee garnished ; no man will cast away his cost vpon vncleane heaps ; so soone as the Temple was purged , Iosiah bends his thoughts vpon the repayring , and beautifying of this house of the Lord. What stir was there in Iudah , wherein Gods Temple suffered not ? Sixe seuerall times was it pillaged , whether out of force , or will : First , Iehoash King of Iudah is faine by the spoile of it to stop the mouth of Hazael ; Then , Ioash King of Israel fils his owne hands with that sacred spoile , in the dayes of Amaziah ; after this , Ahaz rifles it for Tiglath Pileser , King of Assyria ; then Hezekiah is forced to ransacke the treasures of it for Senacherib ; yet after , the sacriledge of Manasseh makes that booty of it , which his later times indeuoured to restore ; and now lastly , Amnon his sonne neglects the frame , embeazels the furniture of this holy place : The very pile began to complaine of age and vnrespect : Now comes good Iosiah , and in his eighteenth yeare ( when other young Gallants would haue thought of nothing but pleasure , and iollity ) takes vp the latest care of his father Dauid , and giues order for the repayring of the Temple . The keepers of the doore haue receiued the contribution of all faithfull Iewes , for this pious vse ; the King sends Shaphan the scribe to Hilkijah the Priest to summe it vp , and to deliuer it vnto Carpenters , and Masons , for so holy a worke . How well doth it beseeme the care of a religious Prince , to set the Priests and Scribes in hand with reedifying the Temple ? The command is the Kings , the charge is the high-Priests , the execution is the workmens ; when the laborers are faithfull in doing the worke , and the high Priest in directing it , and the King in inioining it , Gods House cannot faile of an happy perfection ; but when any of these slackens , the businesse must needs languish . How God blesses the deuout indeuours of his seruants ? Whiles Hilkijah was diligently suruaying the breaches and the reparation of the Temple , hee lights vpon the booke of the Law : The authenticke and originall Booke of Gods Law was by a speciall charge appointed to be carefully kept within a safe shrine , in the Sanctuary : In the depraued times of idolatry , some faithfull Priest ( to make sure worke ) had locked it fast vp , in some secret corner of the Temple , from the reach of all hands , of all eyes : as knowing how impossible it was , that diuine monument could otherwise escape the fury of prophane guiltinesse : Some few transcripts there were doubtlesse , ( parcels of this sacred Book ) in other hands ; neither doubt I , but as Hilkijah had been formerly well acquainted with this holy volume ( now of long time hid ) so the eares of good Iosiah had beene inured to some passages thereof ; but the whole body of these awfull Records , since the late night of Idolatrous confusion , and persecution saw no light , till now ; This precious treasure doth Hilkijah find , whiles he digs for the Temple : Neuer man laboured to the reparation of Gods Church , but he met with a blessing more thē he looked for . Hilkijah the Priest , and Shaphan the scribe do not ingrosse this invaluable wealth into their owne hands , nor suppresse these more then sacred roles , for their owne aduantage ; but trans-mit them , first to the eares of the King , then by him , to the people : It is not the praise of a good scribe , to lay vp , but to bring forth , both old and new : And if the Priests lips shall keepe knowledge , they keep it to impart , not to smother : The people shall seeke the Law at his mouth ; for hee is the messenger of the Lord of Hosts . So soone as the good King heares the words of the booke of the Law , and in speciall , those dreadfull threats of iudgement , denounced against the Idolatries of his Iudah ; he rends his clothes , to show his heart rent with sorrow , and fearfull expectation of those plagues ; and washes his bosome with teares . Oh gracious tendernesse of Iosiah : he doth but once heare the Law read , and is thus humbled ; humbled for his fathers sins , for the sins of his people : how many of vs , after a thousand hammerings of the menaces of Gods Law , vpon our guilty soules , continue yet insensible of our danger ? The very reading of this Law doth thus affect him ; the preaching of it stirs not vs ; The sinnes of others strucke thus deepe with him ; our owne are sleighted by vs : A soft hart is the best tempered for God : So Physitians are wont to like those bodies best , which are easiest to worke vpon : O God make our clay , waxe , and our waxe pliable to thine hand ; so shall we be sure to be free either from sin , or from the hurt of sin . It is no holy sorrow that sends vs not to God ; Iosiah is not moaped with a distractiue griefe , or an astonishing feare , but in the height of his passion , sends fiue choice messengers to Huldah the Prophetesse , to enquire of the Lord , for himselfe , for Iudah : It is an happie trouble that driues vs to this refuge . I doe not heare any of these Courtiers reply to this godly motion of their young King : Alas , Sir , what meanes this deepe perplexity ? What needs all this busie inquisition ? If your father were idolatrous , what is that to you , who haue abandoned his sinnes ? If your people were once idolatrous , what is that to you , yea to them , who haue expiated these crimes by their repentance ? Haue you not carefully reformed all those abuses ? hath not your happy reformatiō made an abūdant amends for those wrongs ? Spare your teares , and saue the labor of your messengers ; All is well , all shall be well ; these iudgements are for the obstinate ; had we beene still guilty , these feares had been iust : were wee still in danger , what had we gained by our conuersion ? Rather , as glad to second the religious cares of their young King , they feed his holy anxieties with a iust aggrauation of perill ; and by their good counsell , whet these his zealous desires of a speedy resolution : That state cannot but be happy , whose Priests and Peeres are ready as to suggest , so to cherish , and execute the deuout proiects of their Soueraignes . The graue Priest , the learned scribe , the honourable Courtiers doe not disdaine to knocke at the doore of a Prophetesse : Neither doth any of them say ; It were hard if wee should not haue as much acquaintance with God , as a woman ; but in an humble acknowledgement of her Graces , they come to learne the will of God , from her mouth : True piety is modest , and stands not vpon termes of reputation , in the businesses of God ; but willingly honors his gifts in any subiect , least of all in it selfe . The sexe is not more noted in Huldah , then the condition ; As she was a woman , so a wife ; the wife of Shallum : Holy matrimony was no hindrance to her diuine reuelations ; she was at once a Prophetesse in her colledge , an huswife in her family ; It was neuer the practice of God to confine his graces to virginitie : At this very time the famous Prophet Ieremy flourished , some years had he already spent in this publike seruice ; why was not he rather consulted by Iosiah ? It is not vnlike that some propheticall imployments called him away , at this time from Ierusalem : His presence could not haue beene balked : purposely , doubtlesse doth God cast this message vpon the point of that absence , that hee might honor the weaker vessell with his diuine oracle ; and exercise the humility of so great clients : In the answers of God , it is not to be regarded , who speakes , but from whom : The iniury redounds to God , if the weaknesses of the person cause vs to vndervalue the authority of the function . As Iosiah and his messengers do not despise Huldah , because shee was a woman ; so Huldah doth not flatter Iosiah , because a King : Goe tell the man that sent you ; Thus saith the Lord : Behold I will bring euill vpon this place . Loe , hee that was as God to his subiects , is but as a man to the Prophetesse : neither is the message euer the sweeter , because it is required by a Prince : No circumstance may vary the forme of diuine truth . Euill must befall Ierusalem and Iudah , yea , all the words of that booke , must allight vpon the inhabitants of both : In how bad a case we may bee , and yet thinke our selues not safe onely , but happy ? These Iewes had forgotten their old reuolts ; and now hauing framed themselues to holy courses ; promised themselues nothing but peace , when the Prophetesse foresees , and foretels their approching ruine : Euen their old score must be paid , after the opinion of a cleer agreement . In vaine shall wee hope to quit our arrerages by prorogation . This Prophetesse had immediate visions from God , yet shee must speake out of the Booke ; There was neuer any reuelation from the Lord , that crossed his writings : His hand , and his tongue agree eternally : If that booke haue cursed Iudah , she may not absolue it . Yet , what a gracious mixture was here of mercy , with souerity ; seuerity to Iudah , mercy to Iosiah ; Iudah shall be plagued , and shall become a desolation , and a curse ; Iosiah shall bee quietly housed in his graue , before this storme fall vpon Iudah : His eye shall not see , what his people shall feele : It is enough that the expectation of these euills afflicts him , the sense shall not . Whence is this indulgence ? Because thine heart was tender , and thou hast humbled thy selfe before the Lord. How happy a thing it is to bee a reed vnto Gods iudgements , rather then an oake , the meeke and gentle reed stoops and therefore stands , the oake stands stiffely out against the strongest gust , and therefore is turned vp by the roots : At least , let vs lament those sins wee haue not auoyded ; and mourne for the sins of others , whiles wee hate our owne . He that found himselfe exempted from this vengeance , by his repentance and deepe humiliatiō , would faine find the fame way for the deliuerance of his people : The same words of the Law therefore , that had wrought vpon his heart , are by him caused to be publikely read in the eares of Iudah , and Ierusalem ; The assembly is vniuersall , of Priests , Prophets , people , both small and great ; because the sin was such , the danger was such : that no man may complaine to want information , the Law of God soūds in euery eare . If our eare be shut to the Law , the sin is ours ; but if the Law be shut to our eares , the sin is of our gouernors : Woe be to them that hide Gods booke from the people , as they would doe rats-bane from the eye of children : Ignorant soules cannot perish without their murder : There is no feare of knowing too much , there is too much feare of practizing too little : Now , if the people doe not imitate their King in relenting , they are not worthy to partake with him in his impunitie . Howsoeuer , they shall not want a great example ; as of sorrow , so of amendment . Good Iosiah stands by the pillar , and solemnly renewes his Couenant with his God ; the people cannot for shame refuse to second him : Euen they that lookt for a destruction , yet doe not with-draw their obedience ; Gods Children may not be sullen vnder his corrections , but whether they expect or feele smart , are no other then dutifull to his awfull hand . As a man that findes hee hath done something that might indanger the forfait of his fauour , puts himselfe into some deseruing action , whereby hee may hope to re-indeare himselfe , so doth Iosiah here ; No indeauor is enough to testifie his zeale to that name of God which was so profaned by his peoples Idolatry ; What euer monuments were yet remaining of wicked Paganisme , hee defaces with indignation ; hee burnes the vessels of Baal , and puts downe his Chemarim , destroyes the houses of the Sodomites , strawes the powder of their idols in the brooke Kedron , defiles Topheth , takes away the horses , of the Sun , burns the charets of the Sun with fire , and omits nothing that might reconcile God , cleare Iudah , perfit a reformation . Neither is this care confined to Ierusalem , and the neighboring Townes , but stretches it selfe to the vtmost coasts of Iosiahs Kingdome ; Bethel was the infamous seat of the pollution of Israel ; it seemes the heyres of Ieroboam ( who set vp his goldē calfe there ) inioyed it not long ; the Kings of Iudah recouered it to their crown , but , it had not yet recouered it selfe from that ancient infection : Thither doth good Iosiah send the vnhallowed ashes of Baals Reliques , to staine that altar first , which hee will soone after deface . The time was , and it was no lesse then three hundred and fiftie yeares since , that the man of God , out of Iudah , cried against Ieroboams altar ; O Altar , Altar ; Thus saith the Lord ; Behold a Child shall be borne , vnto the House of Dauid , Iosiah by name , and vpon thee shall he offer the Priests of the high-places , that burne incense vpon thee , and mens bones shall be burnt vpon thee . And now is the houre come , wherein euerie of those words shall bee accomplished : It could not but bee a great confirmation to Iosiah , to see that God had so long agoe fore-markt him for his owne ; and fore-nam'd him to so zealous a seruice . All our names are equally fore-known of that diuine prouidēce , though not fore-spoken : neither can any act passe from vs , which was not pre-determined in that eternall Counsell of the Almightie : neither can any act that is there pre-determined bee vnfulfilled vpon earth : Interuention of time breakes no square in the diuine decrees : Our pur-blind eies see nothing , but that which toucheth their lidds ; the quicke sight of Gods prescience sees that , as present , which is a world off : According to the prediction , the stench of dead mens bones is a fit perfume to send vp from this altar to heauen ; whose best sacrifices sauoured worse in the nosthrils of God. And the blood of the idolatrous sacrificers was a meet oblation to that God , who had beene dishonoured by their burnt-offerings to his base corriualls . Euen that Prophet who fore-told this , had his toomb in Bethel , and that toomb had his inscription ; His last weakenesse might not rob him of the honour of his sepulture : How palpablie doe these Israelites condemne themselues , whiles they reserue so famous a monument of their own conviction . It was no preiudice to this holy Prophet , that his bones lay amongst the sepulchers of idolaters . His Epitaph preserued those bones from burning , vpon that altar , which he had accursed ; As the Lyon might not teare his carcasse , when hee died , so now , the furie of the multitude may not violate his verie bones , in the graue . I doe not see Iosiah : saue them for reliques ; I heare him command they shall rest in peace ; it is fit the dead bodies of Gods Saints should be as free from contempt , as from superstition . After the remouall of these rites of false worship , it is time to bring in the true : Now a solemne Passouer shall be kept vnto the Lord , by the charge of Iosiah : That book of the Law sets him , the time , place , circumstances of this sacrament , his zeale so carefully followes it , that since the dayes of Samuel , this feast was neuer so gloriously , so punctually celebrated . Ierusalē is the place , the fourteenth day of the first moneth is the time , the Leuites are the actors , a yearling and spotlesse Lambe is the prouision ; no bone of it is broken , the blood is sprinkled vpon the doore-postes , it is roasted whole , eaten with sowre herbs , with bread vnleauened ; the remainder is consumed by fire . The law , the sacrifices , had beene in vaine , if the Passouer had beene neglected . No true Israelite might want , whether this monument of their deliuerance past , or this Type of the Messiah to come . Rather then faile , Iosiahs bountie shall supplie to Iudah Lambs for their paschall deuotion : No almes is so acceptable , as that whereby the soule is furthered . IOSIAH 'S Death ; with the desolation of the Temple , and Ierusalem . IOsiah hath now happily setled the affaires both of God , & the state : and now hath sweet leisure to inioy himselfe , and his people : his conscience doth not more cheare him at home , then his subiects abroad ; Neuer King raigned with more officious piety to God , with more loue , and applause of men : But what stability is there in these earthly things ? how seldome is excellency in any kind long-liu'd ? In the very strength of his age , in the height of his strength , is Iosiah withdrawne from the earth ; as not without a mercifull intention of his glory , on Gods behalfe , so , not without some weaknesse , on his own . Pharaoh Necho King of Egipt comes vp to fight against the King of Assyria : What is that to Iosiah ? Perhaps the Egiptians attempted to passe through the land of Iudah , towards Carchemish the seat of his war ; but , as a neighbour , not as an enemy : Iosiah resists him ; as neither holding it safe to admit a forraigne power into the bosome of his Countrey , nor daring to giue so faire an occasion of prouoking the Assyrian hostility against him . The King of Egipt mildly deprecates this enmity , hee sends Ambassadors to Iosiah , saying , What haue I to doe with thee thou King of Iudah , I come not against thee , this day , but against the house wherewith I haue warre ; for God commanded me to make hast ; forbeare thee from medling with God , who is with me , that hee destroy thee not . What friend could haue sayd more ? what Prophet could haue aduised more holily ? why doth not good Iosiah say with himselfe ; There may bee truth in this suggestion ; God may haue sent this man , to be a scourge of mine old enemy , of Ashur : If the hand of the Almighty be in this designe , why doe I oppose it ? The quarrell is not mine , why do I thrust my finger into this flame , vnbidden ? Wherefore should I hazard the effusion of blood , vpon an harmlesse passage ? Can I heare him plead a command from God , and not inquire into it ? How easie is it for me to know the certainty of this pretended commission ? Haue not I the Priests , and Prophets of God about me ? Let mee first goe and consult his oracle ; If God haue sent him , and forbidden mee , why should my courage cary me against my piety ? It is strange that the good hart of Iosiah could escape these thoughts ; these resolutions : Yet , hee that vpon the generall threats of Gods Law against Iudah , sends messengers to inquire of a Prophetesse ; now , vpon these particular threats of danger to himselfe , speaks not , stirs not . The famous Prophet Ieremy was then liuing , and Zephaniah ; besides a whole Colledge of Seers , Iosiah doth not so much as send out of doores , to aske , Shall I goe vp against the King of Egipt ? Sometimes , both grace and wit are asleepe in the holiest and wariest brests : The best of all Gods Saints may bee sometimes miscaried by their passions , to their cost . The wise prouidence of God hath mercifully determined to leaue Iosiah to his owne counsels , that by the weaknesse of his seruant , hee might take occasion to perfit his glory : Euen that wherein Iosiah was wanting vnto God , shall concurre to the making vp of Gods promise to Iosiah : when we are the most blind-folded , we run on the waies of Gods hidden decrees ; and , what euer our intents be , cannot , if wee would , goe out of that vnknowne path . Needs will Iosiah put himselfe into armes against an vnwilling enemie ; and , to bee lesse noted , disguises himselfe . The fatall arrow of an Egyptian archer findes him out , in the throng , and giues him his deaths-wound ; Now , too late hee calls to a retrait ; his changed Charet is turned to a Biere , to carie his bleeding corps to his graue , in Ierusalem . What eye doth not now pitie and lament the vntimely end of a Iosiah ? Whom can it choose but affect , to see a religious , iust , vertuous Prince snatcht away in the vigour of his age ? After all our foolish moane , the prouidence that directed that shaft to his lighting place , intends that wound for a stroke of mercy : The God whō Iosiah serues , looks through his death , at his glorie : and by this sudden violence will deliuer him from the view , and participation of the miseries of Iudah , which had beene many deaths ; and fetches him to the participation of that happinesse , which could countervaile more deathes , then could be incident into a Iosiah . Oh the wonderfull goodnesse of the Almighty , whose verie iudgements are mercifull ; Oh the safe condicion of Gods children , whom very paine easeth , whom death reuiues , whom dissolutiō vnites , whom lastly their verie sinne and temptation glorifies . How happily hath Iosiah gained by this change ? In stead of a froward people , he now is sorted with Saints and Angels ; in stead of a fading , and corruptible crowne , he now inioyes an eternall . The orphane subiects are readie to weepe out their eyes , for sorrow ; their losse cannot be so great , as his gaine : he is glorious , they , as their sins had deserued , miserable . If the separated soule could be capable of passion , could Iosiah haue seene , after his departure , the calamities of his sons , of his people , it could not but haue laid siege to his peace . The sad subiects proclaime his sonne Iehoahaz , King , in stead of so lamented a father ; He both doth ill , and fares ill : By that time he hath sat but three moneths in the throne , Pharaoh Nechoh King of Egypt secōds the fathers death , with the sonnes captiuity : This victorious enemy puts downe the wicked sonne of Iosiah , and lades him with chains at Riblath , in the land of Hamath ; and lades his people with the tribute of an hundred talents of siluer , and a talent of gold : Yet , as if he that was vnwilling to fight with Iosiah , were no lesse vnwilling to root out his posterity , this Egyptian sets Eliakim , the second sonne of Iosiah , vpon the seat of his father ; & , that he might be al his , changes his name to Iehoiakim : oh the woful & vnworthy successiō of Iosiah ; one son is a prisoner , the other is a tributary ; both are wicked . After that Iehoiakim hath been some yeares Pharaohs Bayliue , to gather , and racke the deare rents of Iudah ; Nebuchadnezzar the great King of Babylon comes vp , and sweepes away both the Lord , and his Feodary , Pharaoh , and Iehoiakim . So farre was the ambitious Egyptian from maintaining his incroachment vpon the territories of Iudah , that hee could not now hold his owne : From Nilus to Euphrates , all is lost : So subiect are the lesser powers still to bee swallowed vp of the greater ; so iust it is with God , that they which will bee affecting vndue inlargement of their estates , should fall short of what they had . Iehoiakim is caried in fetters to Babylon : and now in that dungeon of his captiuity , hath more leasure , then grace , to bethinke himselfe of all his abominations ; and whiles hee inherits the sad lodging of his great grandfather , Manasseh , inherits not his successe . Whiles hee is rotting in this Goale , his young sonne Iehoiachin starts vp in his throne ; like to a mushrom that rises vp in a night , and withers in a day : Within three moneths , and ten dayes , is that young Prince ( the meet son of such a father ) fetcht vp in irons to his fathers prison ; Neither shall he goe alone ; his attendance shal adde to his misery ; His mother , his wiues , his officers , his peeres , his craftsmen , his warriours accompany him , manicled , and chained , to their perpetuall bondage . Now , according to Isaiahs word , it would haue been great preferment for the fruit of Hezekiahs loynes to bee Pages in the Court of Babylon . One only branch yet remaines of the vnhappy stocke of holy Iosiah , Mattaniah , the brother of Iehoiakim , whom Nebuchadnezar ( changing his name to Zedekiah ) sets vp in that forlorne , and tributary throne ; There might hee haue liued ( though an vnderling ) yet peaceable ; This man ( to make vp the measure of Gods iust iudgments ) as he was euer a rebell to God , so proues rebellious to his Soueraigne master , the King of Babylon : The Prophet Ieremy hath forewarn'd him in vain ; nothing could teach this man , but smart . Who can looke for other then fury frō Nebuchadnezzar , against Ierusalem , which now had affronted him with three seuerall successions of reuolts , and conspiracies against his gouernment ; and thrice abused his bounty , and indulgence ? with a mighty army doth he therfore come vp against his seditious deputy ; and besieges Ierusalem , and blockes it vp with forts round about . After two yeares siege , the Chaldees without , and the famine within , haue preuailed ; King Zedekiah and his souldiers are fled away by night , as thinking themselues happy , if they might abandon their walls , and saue their liues . The Chaldees ( as caring more for the birdes , then for the nest ) pursue them , and ouertake Zedekiah , forsaken of all his forces , in the plaine of Iericho , and bring him to Nebuchadnezzar , King of Babylon . What can so vnthankfull and perfidious a vassall expect , but the worst of reuenge ? The sentence is fearfull : First , the sonnes of Zedekiah are slaine before his eyes ; then those eyes of his ( as if they had seene enough , when they had seene him childlesse ) are put out : His eyes are onely lent him so long , as to torment him with the sight of his owne vtmost discomfort ; Had his sonnes but ouer-liued his eies , the griefe had beene so much the lesse , as the apprehension of it had beene lesse liuely , and piercing ; Now , this wofull obiect shall shut vp his sight , that , euen when his bodily eyes are gone , yet the eyes of his minde might euer see what he last saw ; That thus his sonnes might bee euer dying before him , and himselfe in their death euer miserable . Who doth not now wish that the blood of Hezekiah and Iosiah could haue beene seuered from these impure dregs of their lewd issue ? no man could pity the offenders , were it not for the mixture of the interest of so holy progenitors . No more sorrow can come in at the windowes of Zedekiah , more shall come in at his doores ; his care shall receiue what more to rue for his Ierusalem : Nebuzaradan the great Marshall of the King of Babylon comes vp against that deplored City , and breakes downe the walls of it , round about , and burnes the Temple of the Lord , and the Kings house , and euery faire Pallace of Ierusalem , with fire ; driues away the remainder of her inhabitants , into Captiuity , caries away the last spoiles of the glorious Temple . Oh Ierusalem , Ierusalem , the wonder of all times , the paragon of nations , the glory of the earth , the fauourite of heauen , how art thou now become heapes of ashes , hilles of rubbish , a spectacle of desolation , a monument of ruine ? Iflater , yet no lesse deepe hast thou now pledged that bitter cup of Gods vengeance , to thy sister Samaria ; How carefully had thy God forwarned thee ? Thogh Israel play the harlot , yet , let not Iudah sinne : Loe now , as thine iniquities , so thy iudgements haue ouertaken her : Both lye together in the dust , both are made a curse to all posterities : Oh God , what place shall thy iustice spare , if Ierusalem haue perished ? If that delight of thine were cut off for her wickednesse , Let not vs bee high minded but feare . What pity it was to see those goodly Cedars of the Temple flaming vp higher then they stood in Lebanon ? to see those curious marbles , which neuer felt the dint of the pick-axe , or hammer , in the laying , wounded with mattockes , and wounding the earth in their fall ? to see the holy of holies , whereinto none might enter but the high-priest , once a yeare , thronged with Pagans ; the vailes rent , the sacred Arke of God vilated , and defaced , the Tables ouer-turned , the altars broke down , the pillars demolished , the pauements digged vp , yea , the very groūd , where that famous pile stood , deformed . O God , thou woldst rather haue no visible house vpon earth , then indure it defiled with Idolatries . Foure hundred thirty and sixe yeares had that Temple stood , and beautified the earth , and honored heauen , now it is turned into rude heapes ; There is no prescription to be pleaded for the fauour of the Almighty : Onely that Temple , not made with hands , is eternall in the heauens . Thither hee graciously bring vs , that hath ordain'd vs thither , for the sake of that glorious high-Priest , that hath once for all entred into that holy of holies , Amen . Contemplations ON THE HISTORIE OF THE OLD TESTAMENT . The 21th . and last Booke . Wherein are , 1 Zerubbabel and Ezra . 2 Nehemiah building the walls of Ierusalem . 3 Nehemiah redressing the extortion of the Iewes . 4 Abasuerus feasting ; Vashti cast off : Esther chosen . 5 Haman disrespected by Mordecai ; Mordecaies message to Esther . 6 Esther suing to Ahasuerus . 7 Mordecai honored by Haman . 8 Haman hanged ; Mordecai aduanced . ZERVBBABEL and EZRA . THE first transportation into Babylon , vnder Iehoiakim , ( wherein Daniel , Ezekiel , and many other of the best note , were driuen into captiuity , ) was ( some eleuen yeares after ) followed with a second , vnder Zedekiah ; wherin the remnant of the , now-ruined , Ierusalem , and Iudah , were swept away . Seuenty yeares was the period of their longest seruitude ; whiles Babylō was a Queen , Iudah was her vassall : when that proud Tyrannesse fell , Gods people began to rise againe : The Babylonian Monarchie was no sooner swallowed vp of the Persian , then the Iewes felt the comfort of libertie . For Cyrus conquering Babylon , and finding the Iewes groaning vnder that miserable captiuity , straight releases them , and sends them , vnder the conduct of their Captaine Zorobabel , backe to their almost-forgotten country . The world stands vpon vicissitudes ; Euery Nation hath her turne , and must make vp her measure : Threescore and tenne yeares agoe , it was the course of Iudah , the iniquity of that rebellious people was full . Some hundred and thirty yeares before that , was the turne of Samaria , and her Israelites : Now the staffe is come to the doores of Babylon , euen that wherewith Iudah was beaten : and those Persians which are now victorious , must haue their terme also . It is in vaine for any earthly state to promise to it selfe an immutable cōdition . At last , the rod that scourged Gods children , is cast into the fire : Thou hast remembred , O Lord , the Children of Edom in the day of Ierusalem , how they said , Downe with it , downe with it , euen to the ground : O daughter of Babylon wasted with misery , how happy is hee that rewardeth thee as thou hast serued them : It is Cyrus that hath wrought this reuenge , this rescue . Doubtlesse , it did not a little moue Cyrus to this fauour , that he found himselfe honorably fore-named in these Iewish prophesies , and fore appointed to this glorious seruice , no lesse then an hundred and seuenty yeares , before he was : Who would not be glad to make good so noble and happy a destiny ? O God , if wee heare that thou hast ordained vs to life , how gladly , how carefullie , should we worke out our saluation ? if to good workes , how should we abound ? In the first yeare of his Monarchy , doth Cyrus both make proclamations , and publish them in writing , through all his Kingdome ; wherein he both professeth his zealous resolutions , and desires to build vp Gods house , in Ierusalem , and inioynes , and incourages all the Iewes , through his dominions , to addresse themselues to that sacred worke ; and incites all his subiects to ayd them with siluer , and gold , and goods , and beasts . How gracious was the command of that , whereof the very allowance was a fauour ? Was it Cyrus that did this ? was it not thou , O God , in whose hands are the harts of Kings , that stirredst vp the spirit of this Persian ; as if he had beene more then a sonne of thy Church , a father ? How easie is it for thee to make very Pagans protectors to thy Church ; enemies , benefactors ? Not with an empty grace doth this great King dismisse the Iewes , but with a royall bountie ; Hee brings forth the vessels of the house of the Lord , which Nehuchadnezzar had brought forth out of Ierusalem , and had put them in the house of his gods ; and causes them to be numbred by his Treasurer to the hands of Sheshbazzar the Prince of Iudah , for the vse of the Temple ; no fewer then fiue thousand and foure hundred vessels of gold and siluer . Certainly , this great Monarch wanted not wit to thinke ; It is a rich booty that I find in the Temples of Babylon ; by the law of conquest it is mine ; hauing vanquisht their gods , I may well challenge their spile ; how seasonably doth it now fall into my hands , vpon this victorie , to reward my souldiers , to settle my new Empire : what if this treasure came from Ierusalem ? the proprietie is now altered ; the very place ( according to the cōceit of Iewes ) hath profaned it ; The true God , I haue heard , is curious ; neither will abide those vessels , which haue beene polluted with idolatrous vses : It shall bee enough if I loose the bonds of this miserable people : If I giue liberty , let the next giue wealth : they will think themselues happy in bare walls , in their natiue earth : To what purpose should I pamper their penurie with a sudden store ? But the Princely hart of Cyrus would admit of no such base sacrilegious thoughts ; Those vessels that hee finds stampt with Gods marke , he will returne to their owner ; neither his owne occasions , nor their abuse shall be any colour of their detention . O Cyrus , how manie close-handed , griple-minded Christians shall once be choked in iudgement with the example of thy iust munificence ? thou restoredst that which wee purloine : woe bee to those houses that are stored with the spoiles of Gods Temple : woe bee to those fingers that are tainted with holy treasures . Kings can hardly doe good alone ; their lawes are not more followed , then their examples : No sooner doe the chiefe of the fathers of Iudah and Beniamin , and the Priests , and Leuites set their faces towards Ierusalem for the building of the Temple , then the liberall hands of their Pagan neighbours furnish them with gold , and siluer , and precious things . Euer Persian is glad to be at the charge of laying a stone , in Gods house . The same God that had giuen them these mettals , out of his cofers of the earth , giues it out of their cofers to his Temple . He that tooke away by the Chaldees , giues by the Persians : Where the Almighty intends a worke , there cannot bee any want of meanes . Thus hartened , thus laded , doe the ioyfull families of Iudah returne to their old home ; How many thousands of them were worne out , and lost in that seuenty yeares seruitude ? How few of them yet suruiued , that could know the place of their birth , and habitation ; or , say , Here stood the Temple , here the Palace ? Amongst those fourty and two thousand , three hundred & threescore Iewes , that returned in this first expedition ; there were whō the confusion of their long captiuity had robbed of their pedigree ; They knew themselues Iewes , but could not deriue their line : these were yet admitted , without difficulty ; But those of the Priestly tribe , which could not deduce their genealogy from the register , are cashiered as vncleane . Then , God would bee serued in a blood , now in a due succession : If we could not fetch the line of our pedigree from Christ , and his Apostles , we were not fit for the Euangelicall altars . Their calling was by nature , ours by grace ; The grace of inward abilities , of outward ordination ; if we cannot approue both these , we are iustly abādoned ; now had the children of Israel taken down their Harpes from the Willowes , which grew by the waters of Babylon , & could , vnbidden , sing the true sōgs of their recouered Zion : They are newly setled in their old māsions , when vpō the first publike feast , in the Autumne , immediately following their return , they flock vp to Ierusalē : their first care is their publike sacrifice ; That school of their Captiuity , wherin they haue been long trained , hath taught them to begin with God : A forced discontinuance , makes deuotion more sauoury , more sweet to religious hearts ; whereas in an open freedome , piety doth too often languish . Ieshua the Priest , and Zorobabel the Prince are fitly ioyned in the building of the Altar : neither of their hands may be out of that sacred worke : no sooner is that set vpon the bases , then it is imployed to the daily burnt-offerings : The Altar may not stay the leisure of the Temple ; Gods Church may not want her oblations ; He can be none of the sons of Israel , that doth not euery day renue his acknowledgements of God. How feelingly doe these Iewes keepe their feast of Tabernacles , whiles their soiourning in Babylon was still in their thoughts ; whiles as yet their Tēts must supply their ruined houses ? The first motions of zeale are commonly strong , and feruent ; How carefully doe these Gouernours and Priests make preparatiō for Gods Temple ? Carpenters and Masons are hyred ; Tyrian workmen are againe called for , and Lebanon is now anew solicited for Cedar trees . The materials are ready ; Euery Israelite , with such courage addresses himselfe to this seruice , as if his life lay in those stones : And now , whiles the foundation of the Temple was laying , the Priests stand in their habits , with Trumpets , the Leuites with Cymbals , interchanging their holy Musicke , and melodiously singing praises to the God of Israel , who had turned their captiuity as the streames in the South , and honoured their eyes and hands with the first stones of his house : The people second their songs with shouts ; The earth sounds , and heauen rings with the ioyfull acclamations of the multitude ; It is no small comfort , in a good action , to haue begun wel ; The entrance of any holy enterprise is commonly encountred with many discouragements , which if wee haue once ouercome , the passage is smooth . How would these men haue shouted at the laying on of the last stone of the battlements , who are thus ioyed with laying the first stones of the foundation ? The end of any thing is better then the beginning : that hath certainty , this danger ; this labour , that rest : little did these men thinke that , for all this , few of them should liue to see the roofe . What different affections shall wee see produced in men by the same occasion ? The younger Iewes shouted at this sight , the elder wept : The yonger shouted to see a new foundation ; The elder wept to remember the old : They who had seene no better , thought this goodly ; They who had seen the former , thought this meane , and homely ; more sorrowing for what they had lost , then reioycing in so vnequal a reparation . As it may fall out , it is some peece of misery to haue beene happier ; euery abatement of the degrees of our former height laies siege to our thankfulnesse , for lesser mercies . Sometimes , it proues an aduantage to haue knowne no better ; he shall more comfortably inioy present benefits , who takes them as they are , without any other comparisons , then of the weakenesse of his owne deseruings . It is nothing to mee what my selfe or others haue beene , so I bee now well : Neither is it otherwise in particular Churches , if one be more gloriously built then another , yet if the foundation be rightly layd in both ; one may not insult , the other may not repine : Ech must congratulate the truth to other , each must thankfully inioy it selfe . The noise was not more loud , then confused ; here was a discordant mixture of lamentation , and shouting ; it was hard to say whether drowned the other . This assembly of Iewes was a true image of Gods Church on earth ; one sings , another cries ; neuer doth it all either laugh or mourne at once . It shall bee in our triumph that all teares shall be wipt from our eyes ; till then , our passions must bee mixed , according to the occasions . The Iewes are busie at worke , not more full of ioy , then hopes ; and now that the wals begin to ouerlook the earth ; their thoughts seeme to ouerlooke the walls . But what great enterprise was euer set on foot for God , which found not some crosses ? There was a mungrell brood of Samarit-Assyrians , which euer since the daies of Senacherib dwelt in the land of Israel ; whose religion was a patched coate of seuerall shreds ; some little part Iewish , the rest Pagan , not without much variety of idolatry . These hollow neighbours profer their assistance to the children of the captiuity ; Let vs build with you , for we seeke your God , as ye doe : and doe sacrifice to him . Might men be their owne iudges , there would bee no heresie in the world , no mis-worship . It is true ; these men did sacrifice to the true God ; The Lyons taught them to seeke , and the Israelitish Priest taught them to find the fashions of the God of the land : Some of these Iewes knew their deuotion of old ; They serued Israels God ; but with their owne : As good no God , as too many . In a iust indignation therefore do these Iewish gouernours repell the partnership of such helpers : You haue nothing to doe with vs , to build an house to our God ; but we our selues together will build vnto the Lord God of Israel . The hand of an idolater is contagious . Yet , had it beene to the building of some fortresse , or common-hall , perhaps their ayd had not beene refused , but when the wals of Gods house are to be raised , this society had beene piacular . Those that may not be allowed to helpe the worke , will aske no leaue to hinder it : their malicious suggestions weaken the hands of the people of Iudah , and stirre vp authoritie to suppresse them . Cyrus was farre off ; neither liued he long after that gracious commission ; and besides was so taken vp the while with his wars , that he could not haue leasure to sift those querulous accusations . Now therefore , during the last yeares of Cyrus , and the raigne of his sonne Cambyses , and the long gouernment of Darius Hystaspides , and of his sonne Xerxes , or Ahasuerus , and lastly of his sonne Artaxerxes , vntill the daies of Darius Nothus , ( which was no lesse then fiue successions of Kings , ( besides Cyrus ) doe the wals of the Temple stand still , yea lye waste ; subiect to the wrongs of time , and wether : the fit matter of sorrow to the Iewes , insultation to the enemies , derision to passengers . What a wide gap of time was here betwixt the foundation of Gods house , and the battlements ? How large a triall doth God now secondly take of the faith , of the patience of his people ? How large a proofe doth he giue of his own long-suffering ? Oh God , when thou hadst but one house vpon earth , thou wert content to put vp delayes , yea affronts in the building of it ; now thou hast many , it is no maruell if thy longanimity and iustice , abide some of them to lie desolate : They are not stones , or mettals , or men that can make thee more glorious ; thou best knowest when to serue thy selfe of all these ; when to honour these with thy seruice . A small matter hinders the worthiest action ; as a little fish ( they say ) stayes the greatest ship : Before , the Iewes were discouraged with words , but now they are stopped by commands . These enuious Samaritans haue corrupted the gouernours which the Persian Kings set ouer those parts ; and from their hands haue obtained letters of deepe calumniation , to Ahasuerus the King ; and after him , to his sonne Artaxerxes ; wherein Ierusalem is charged with old rebellion to Kings ; and for proofe , appellation is made to the records ; frō which euidence , is spightfully inferred , that if these wals bee once built , the King shall receiue no tribute on this side the riuer . Neuer was Gods Church but subiect to reproaches . Princes haue reason to bee iealous of their rights . The records are searcht ; It soone appeares that within one Century of yeares , Ierusalem had rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar , and held out two yeares siege of that great Babylonian . The scandall of disloyaltie is perpetuall : although indeed they held him rather a preuailing enemie , then a lawfull Soueraine ; One act disparages either place , or person , to all posterities . Therefore shall the wals of Ierusalem lie waste , because it had once beene trecherous ; After an hundred yeares doth that Citie rue one perfidious act of Zedekiah . Fidelitie to our gouernours is euer both safe , and honourable . Command is now sent out from * Artaxerxes , ( euen the son of Queene Esther ) to restrain the worke : All respects must cease with carnall minds , when their honors , or profits are in question . Rehum the Chancellor , and Shimshai the Scribe , come now armed with authoritie : The sword hath easily preuailed against the trowell . Still do the Iewes find themselues as it were , captiues at home , and in silence , and sorrow , cease from their labors , vntill the dayes of the next successour , Darius Nothus . As those that had learn'd to sow after a bad crop , these Iewes , vpon the change of the Prince , by the incouragement of the Prophets of God , Haggai , and Zechariah , take new heart to build againe : If others power hinder vs in the worke of God , our will may not be guilty . Their new gouernors come , as before ; to expostulate ; Who hath commanded you to build this house , and to make vp this wall ? and what are your names ? They wisely and modestly plead the seruice of the God of heauen , the decree of Cyrus ; still persisting to build , as if the prohibition of Artaxerxes had dyed with the author . The vnpartiall Gouernours doe neither claw , nor exasperate ; but relating the humble and iust answer of the Iewes , moue the King that search may be made in the rolles of Babylon , whether such an Edict were made by Cyrus ; and require his royall pleasure , concerning the validity of such pretended decree . Darius searches , findes , ratifies , inlargeth it , not onely charging his officers not to hinder the worke , but commanding to leuie summes of his own Tribute , beyond the riuer , for the expences of the building , for the furnishing of sacrifices ; threatning vtter ruine to the house of that man , and death to his person , who shold offer to impeach this bounty : and shutting vp with a zealous imprecation ; The God of heauen that hath caused his name to dwell there , destroy all Kings and people that shall put to their hand to alter , and to destroy this house of God which is at Ierusalem : I Darius haue made a decree , let it be done with speed . Who would haue lookt for such an edict from a Persian ? No Salomon , no Dauid could haue said more . The ruler of all hearts makes choyce of his owne instruments , and when hee pleaseth , can glorifie himselfe by those meanes , which are least expected : That sacred work which the husband , and son of an Esther crossed , shall bee happily accomplished by a Darius : In the sixt yeare of his raigne , is the Temple of God fully finished ; and now the Dedication of it , is celebrated , by a ioyfull feast : An hundred bullocks , two hundred rams , foure hundred lambes , in a meet proportion , smoke vpon their altars : And now the children of the captiuitie thinke this day a sufficient payment for all their sorrowes : We haue reason to thinke it the fairest day that euer shone forth to vs , wherein the spirituall building of Gods house is raised vp in our soules . How should wee shout at the laying of this foundation , and feast at the laying on of the roofe ? What other , what better sacrifice can wee offer vp to God in the sense of our ioy , then our selues ? Let our hearts be at once , the Temple , the Altar , the sacrifice ; Oh God , bee thou glorified in all these , who hast graciously honoured all these with thy selfe . Euery holy feast is now duely kept , the Priests know their diuisions , the Leuites their courses ; and the whole seruice of God is put into a setled order ; But , as there can be no new beginnings without imperfection , nor long continuance , without corruption ; reformation is no lesse necessary then good institutions ; Ataxerxes * Mnemon hath learn'd of his father Darius to befriend Gods people ; and striues to inherit his beneficence : vnder his gouernment , is Ezra the Priest , & learned scribe , sent with a large commission frō Babylon , to Ierusalem , to inquire into the wants , and redresse the disorders of the Iewes ; with full power not onely to cary with him all the voluntaries of his nation ; and the treasures contributed in all the prouince of Babylon ; but to raise such summes , out of the Kings reuenues , as should be found requisite ; and withall to ordaine Magistrates and Iudges , and to crowne the Lawes with due execution , whether to death , or banishment , or confiscation ; and lastly , with a large exemption of the Priests and Leuites , and all the inferiour officers of the Temple , from all toles , tributes , customes . Nothing wanted here , whether for direction , or incouragement . It is a signe of Gods great fauour to any nation , when the hearts of Soueraigne gouernours are raised vp , both to the choice of worthy agents , and to the commanding of pious , and restauratiue actions . Holy and carefull Ezra gathers a new colony of Iewes , takes view of them , at the riuer of Ahaua ; and finding a misse of the sonnes of Leui ( without whom no company , no plantation can bee compleat ) sends for their supply ; And now , fully furnished , hee proclaimes a fast in the way . I doe not heare him say , The iourney is long and dangerous ; the people haue need of all their strength . I could well wish vs al afflicted with a religious fast , were it not that the abatement of the courage , and vigour of the multitude may indanger our successe ; But without all these carnall consultations , he begins with this solemne act of humiliation ; It is better to haue God strong in our weaknesse , then to haue flesh and blood strong in his neglect . Artaxerxes was a Patron of the Iewes , yet a Pagan by profession ; wise Ezra was afraid of quenching those sparkes of piety which he descryed in this semi-proselite . Rather therefore then hee will seeme to imply a distrust in the prouidēce of that God , in whose seruice he went by seeking a conuoy of souldiers from the King ; Ezra chooses to put himselfe vpon the hazard of the way , and the immediate protection of the Almighty . Any death were better then to heare Artaxerxes say , Is this the man that so confidently told me , The hand of our God is vpon all them for good that seeke him ; but his power and his wrath is against all them that forsake him ? Doth he beleeue himselfe that he thus doubts ere he begin ? Dare he not trust his God with his owne businesses ? The resolutions of faithfull hearts are heroicall : No heathen man shall stumble at Ezraes feare : Hee can finde more assurance in his fast , then in a Persian band : with a couragious relyance vpon the hand of his God he puts himselfe into the iourney ; and finds nothing but safety and successe : The fidelity of the Almighty neuer disappointed the confidence of his seruants . All the army of Artaxerxes could not haue been so strong a gard to the Iewes , as their inuisible protection . In the space of foure moneths is Ezra , and his company happily ariued at Ierusalem : where hee ioyes to see the new Temple , and his old Colleagues : and now hauing deliuered vp the charge of his treasure , by waight , in the chambers of the house of the Lord , hee applies himselfe to his worke , and deliuers the Kings Commissions to the Lieu-tenants and Gouernors , for their vtmost assistance . The Princes of Iudah doe not ( for ought I heare ) repine at the large Patent granted to this Priest , nor say , What doth a man of this robe meddle with placing , or displacing Magistrates ? with execution of iudgements to death , bonds , banishment ? but rather as congratulating this power to sacred hands , gladly present vnto him all their grieuances . Truly religious hearts cannot grudge any honour to their spirituall guides . This holy Commissioner is soone welcomed with a sad Bill of complaint , from some good Peeres of Israel ; wherein they charge diuers of the Priests , Leuites , people , not to haue separated themselues from the idolatrous inhabitants of the lands , nor ( therefore ) from their abominations , euen from Canaanites , Hittites , Perizzites , and the rest of those branded nations ; That they haue taken of their daughters for themselues , and for their sonnes : So that the holy seed haue mingled themselues with those forbidden people ; and , ( which made the matter so much more hainous , lesse remediable ) that the hand of the Princes , and Rulers , hath beene chiefe in this trespasse . Oh hypocriticall Iewes , did ye refuse to suffer your Samaritan neighbours to ioyne with you in building a liuelesse house vnto God , and doe ye now ioyne affinitie with a more accursed generatiō for the building of liuing houses vnto posteritie ? for the pulling down of the liuely house of God ? How could Ezra heare this with his cloathes , his haire , his beard vntorne ? What griefe , what astonishment must this newes needs bring to a zealous heart ? And , were it not that the conscience of his sincere respect to Gods glory relieued him , how could Ezra choose but repent him of his iourney ; and say ; Am I comne from Babylon to find Paganisme in Iudah ? Did I leaue Persians , to meet with Canaanites ? what doe I here , if Ierusalem bee remoued ? How much better were a cleare captiutie , then an idolatrous freedome ? Wo is me , that hauing left many Iewish harts in Babylon , I now am forced to find heathen blood in Ierusalem . As a man distracted with sorrow , Ezra sits downe vpon the earth with his garmēts rent , with the haire of his head , and beard pluckt off , wringing his hands , knocking his brest , not mouing from his place vntill the euening sacrifice . It is hard to be too much affected with the publike sinnes of Gods people . Those who find themselues in the ship of Gods Church , cannot but bee much troubled with euery dangerous leake that it takes : Common cases are not more neglected by the carelesse , then taken to heart by the wise , and godly . There , and thus , Ezra sits astonied vntill the euening sacrifice : others resorted to him the while ; euen all that trēbled at the words of the God of Israel ; but to help on his sorrow , not to relieue it ; neither doth any man with a mitigation of his owne , or others griefe . At last , hee rises vp from his heauinesse , and casts himselfe vpon his knees , and spreads out his hands vnto the Lord his God : Wherefore was all that pensiuenesse , fasting , silence , tearing of haire and clothes , but to serue as a meete preface to his prayers ? wherein he so freely powres out his hart , as if it had beene all dissolued into deuotion ; professing his shame to lift vp his face towards the throne of God ; confessing the iniquities of his people , which were increased ouer their heads , and growne vp vnto heauen ; fetching their trespasse farre , and charging them deepe ; feelingly acknowledging the iust hand that had followed them , in all their iudgements , and the iust confusion wherein they now stand before the face of their God. Teares , and sighes , and grouelings accompanied his prayers ; the example and noise whereof drew Israel into a participation of this publike mourning , For the people wept very sore : How can they choose but thinke , If he thus lament for vs , how should wee grieue for our selues ? All Iudah went away merrily with their sinne , till this checke of Ezra , now they are afflicted : Had not the hands of the Peeres beene in this trespasse , the people had not beene guilty ; had not the cheekes of Ezra beene first drenched with teares , the people had not beene penitent . It cannot be spoken , what power there is in a great example , whether to euill , or good . Prayers and teares are nothing without indeauors . Shechaniah , the sonne of Iehiel puts the first life into this businesse . Hauing seconded the complaint of Ezra , he now addes , Yet there is hope in Israel concerning this thing . Now therefore let vs make a couenant with our God to put away all the wiues , and such as are borne of them . Arise , for this matter belongeth to thee , wee also will be with thee ; Be of good courage , and doe it . When mischiefe is once done , the chiefe care is how to redresse it . The best way of redresse is the deliberate vndoing of that which wee haue rashly committed ; The surest obligation to the vndoing of an euill act , is an oath or couenant made with God for the performance . There is no man so wise , but hee may make vse of good counsell ; there is no man so forward , but he may abide incitation . It is no small incouragement to see an harty assistance in an enuious and difficult seruice . Then arose Ezra , and made the chiefe Priests , the Leuites and all Israel to sweare that they should doe according to this word . It is halfe done that is thus assured . There was need of a strōg power to dissolue a matrimoniall , though inordinate loue : Doubtlesse , these men had maried out of affection ; their hearts were no lesse set vpon these wiues ( though heathenish ) then if they had beene of their owne Tribes ; neither were their children , thus begotten lesse deare vnto them , then if they had laine in Iewish wombes : Nothing lesse then an oath of God , therefore could quit these passions ; That is both required and taken Now begins Ezra to conceiue some hope of present redresse ; the comfort whereof , yet , cannot turne off his sorrow for the offence passed ; Hee neither eates bread , nor drinkes water ; willingly punishing himself , because Israel had sinned : Now shall his Countreymen easily reade in his face their owne penance , and iust humiliation ; and say ; This man takes no ioy in our sufferings ; hee would not smart thus for vs , if he did not descry more danger towards vs then we can apprehēd . Proclamation is made through Iudah and Ierursalem , vnder paine of forfaiture of substance , and excommunication from Gods people ; that all the children of the captiuity should gather themselues together vnto Ierusalem . They are met accordingly ; The Courts of Gods house are thronged with penitents ; and now , as if the heauen would teach them what to doe , the cloudes raine downe aboundance of teares . What with those sad showres , what with their inward remorse , the people sit trembling in the open Courts ; and humbly wait for the reproofe , for the sentence of Ezra . He rises vp ; and with a seuere countenance , layes before them their sinne , their amends : The sinne of their strange wiues ; the amends of their confession , of their separation : not sparing to search their wound ; not neglecting the meet plaister for their cure . The people , as willing to bee healed , yeeld themselues patiently to that rough hand ; not shrinking at the paine , not fauouring the sore ; As thou hast said , so must wee doe ; Onely crauing a fit proportion of time , and a due assistance for the dispatch of so long and important a worke . Ezra gladly harkens to this , not so much request , as counsell of Israel ; The charge is diuided to men , and dayes ; For two moneths space the commissioners sit close ; and within that compasse , finish this businesse , not more thanklesse then necessary : Doubtlesse much varietie of passion met with thē in this busie seruice ; Here you should haue seene an affectionate husband bitterly weeping at the dismission of a louing wife , and drowning his last farewell in sobs : there you might haue seen a passionate wife , hanging vpon the armes of her beloued husbād , and on her knees , coniuring him by his former vowes , and the deare pledges of their loues ; and profering with many teares , to redeeme the losse of her husband with the change of her religion : Here , you might haue seene , the kindred and parents of the dismissed , shutting vp their denyed suites with rage and threats . There , the abandoned children kneeling to their seemingly-cruell father , beseeching him not to cast off the fruit of his owne loynes ; and expostulating , what they haue offended in being his : The resolued Israelites must be deafe , and blind to these mouing obiects ; and so farre forget nature , as to put off part of themselues . Personall inconueniences haue reason to yeeld to publike mischiefes Long intertainment makes that sinne hard to be eiected ; whose first motions might haue beene repelled with ease . Had not the prohibition of these mariages been expresse , and their danger and mischiefe palpable , the care of their separation had not bred so much tumult in Israel . Hee that ordained matrimony , had vpon fearefull curses forbidden an vnequall yoke with Infidels . Besides the marring of the Church by the mixture of an vnholy seed , religion suffered for the present , and all good hearts with it . Many teares , many sacrifices needed to expiate so foule an offence , and to set Israel straight againe . All this while euen these mesline Iewes were yet forward to build the Temple ; The worst sinners may yeeld an outward conformity to actions of piety : Ezra hath done more seruice in pulling downe , then the Iewes in building ; without this act , the temple might haue stood , religion must needes haue falne . Bebel had beene translated to Ierusalem ; Iewes had turned Gentiles . Oh happy indeauors of deuout and holy Ezra that hath at once restored Iudah to God , and to it selfe . NEHEMIAH building the walls of Ierusalem . THirteen years were now passed since Ezraes going vp to Ierusalem , whē Nehemiah the religious Courtier of Artaxerxes , inquires of the estate of his Country , and brethren of Iudaea : Hee might well finde that holy scribe had not beene idle : The commission of Artaxerxes had beene improued by him to the vtmost ; Disorders were reformed , but the walls lay wast ; The Temple was built , but the Citie was ruinous ; and if some streets were repaired , yet they stood vngarded ; open to the mercy of an enemie , to the infestation of ill neighbourhood : Great bodies must haue slow motions ; As Ierusalem , so the Church of God , whose type it was , must bee finisht by leasure . Nehemiah sate warme in the Court at Shushan , fauored by the great King Artaxerxes ; nothing could be wanting to him , whether for pleasure , or state ; what needed hee to trouble his head with thoughts for Ierusalem ? what if those remote wals lay on heaps whiles himselfe dwelt faire ? what if his far-distant countrymen be despised , whiles himselfe is honoured , by the great Monarch of the world ? It is not so easie for gracious dispositions to turne off the publike calamities of Gods Church ; neither can they doe other then leese their priuate felicities in the common distresses of the vniuersall body . If I forget thee , O Ierusalem , let my right hand forget her cunning ; If I doe not remember thee , let my tongue cleaue to the roofe of my mouth . Many Iewes went vp from Babylon , and Shushan , to Ierusalem , few euer returned voluntarily from their natiue home to the region of their captiuity : Some occasion drew Hanani with certaine others of Iudah , to this voyage . Of them doth Nehemiah carefully inquire the present condition of Ierusalem : It was no newes that the people were afflicted , and reproached , the walls broken downe , the gates burnt with fire . Euer since the furious vastation of Nebuzaradan , that City knew no better termes : seldome when doth the spirituall Ierusalem fare otherwise in respect of outward estate : Externall glory and magnificence is an vnsure note of the Church . Well had Nehemiah hoped that the gracious edict , and beneficēce of Darius , and the successiue patronage of his Lord Artaxerxes had by the continuance of twenty yeares fauour aduanced the strength and glory of Ierusalem , but now , finding the holy City to lie still in the dust of her confusion , neglected of God , despised of men , hee sits downe and weepes , and mournes , and fasts , and prayes to the God of heauen . How many saw those ruines , and were little affected ? he heares of them a far off , and is thus passionate ? How many were vpon this sight affected with a fruitlesse sorrow , his mourning is ioyned with the indeuors of redresse . In vaine is that griefe which hath no other end then it selfe . Nehemiah is resolued to kneele to the King , his master , for the repaire of his Ierusalem ; he dares not attempt the suit till hee haue begun with God ; This good Courtier knew well that the hearts of these earthly Kings are in the ouer-ruling hand of the King of heauen to incline whither hee pleaseth : Our prayers are the only true meanes to make way for our successe ; If in all our occasions we doe not begin with the first mouer , the course is preposterous and commonly speeds thereafter . Who dares censure the piety of Courtiers , when he finds Nehemiah standing before Artaxerxes ? Euen the Persian Pallace is not vncapable of a Saint : No man that waits on the Altar at Ierusalem can compare for zeale , with him , that waits on the cup of a Pagan Monarch : The mercies of God are vnlimited to places , to callings . Thus armed with deuotions , doth Nehemiah put himselfe into the presence of his master Artaxerxes . His face was ouerclouded with a deepe sadnesse , neither was hee willing to cleare it . The King easily notes the disparity of the countenance of the bearer , & the wine that he beares : and in a gracious familiarity askes the reason of such vnwonted change ; How well it becomes the great to stoope vnto a curteous affability , and to exchange words of respect , euen with their humble vassalls . Nehemiah had not been so long in the Court but hee knew that Princes like no other then cheerefull attendants ; neither was hee wont to bring any other face into that presence , then smooth , and smiling . Greatnesse vses to bee full of suspition , and where it sees a deiection , and sowernesse of the browes , is ready to apprehend some sullē thoughts of discontētment , or , at the least , construes it for a disrespect to that soueraignty , whose beames should bee of power to disperse all our inward mists : Euen good manners forbid a man to presse into the presence of a Prince , except hee can either lay by these vnpleasing passions , or hide them : So had Nehemiah hitherto done : Now , he purposely suffers his sorrow to looke through his eies , that it may worke both inquiry , and compassion from his master ; neither doth hee faile of his hopes in either ; Why is thy countenance sad , seeing thou art not sicke . How sensible doe we thinke the father of mercies is of all our pensiue thoughts , when an heathen master is so tender of a seruāts griefe ? How ready should our tongues bee to lay open our cares to the God of all comfort , when we see Nehemiah so quicke in the expressions of his sorrow to an vncertaine eare ? Let the King liue for euer : Why should not my countenance , bee sad when the City the place of my father sepulphres lyeth wast , and the gates thereof are burnt with fire . Not without an humble preface doth Nehemiah lay forth his grieuance ; Complaints haue euer an vnpleasing harshnesse in them which must bee taken off by some disscreet insinuation : Although it could not but sound well in the generous eare of Artaxerxes , that his seruant was so carefull for the honour of his Countrey ; As nature hath made vs all members of a community and hath giuen vs common interests , so , it is most pleasing to vs , to see these publike cares diuide vs from our owne . The King easily decryes a secret supplication wrapt vp in this moanefull answer , which the modest suiter was afraid to disclose , and therefore he helps that bashfull motion into the light ; For what dost thou make request ? It is the praise of bounty to draw on the iust petitions of fearefull suppliants . Nehemiah dares not open his mouth of the King , till his heart hath opened it selfe by a sudden eiaculation to his God ; No businesse can bee so hasty , but our prayer may preuent it ; the wings whereof are so nimble , that it can fly vp to heauen , and solicit God , and bring downe an answer , before euer our words need to come forth of our lips . In vaine shall we hope that any designe of ours can prosper , if wee haue not first sent this messenger on our errād . After this silent , and insensible preparation ; Nehemiah moues his suit to the King ; not yet at once ; but by meet degrees ; first hee craues leaue for his iourney , and for the building : then he craues ayd for both ; Both are granted ; Nehemiah departs furnished with letters to the gouernours , for a conuoy ; with letters to the keeper of the Kings forrest for timber . Not more full of desire , then hope . Who euer put his hand to any great worke for the behoofe of Gods Church , without opposition ? As the wals of the Temple found busie enemies , so shall the walls of the City ; and these so much more ; as they promise more security and strength to Ierusalem : Sanballat the Deputie-Lieutenant of the Moabites , and Tobiab , the like officer to the Ammonites , and Geshem , to the Arabians , are galled with enuy at the ariuall of a man authorized to seek the welfare of the children of Israel : There cannot bee a greater vexation to wicked hearts , then to see the spiritual Ierusalem in any likelihood of prosperity . Euill spirits and men need no other torment , then their owne despight . This wise Courtier hath learnt that secrecy is the surest way of any important dispatch . His errand could not but be known to the gouernors ; their furtherance was inioyned for the prouision of materialls ; else the walls of Ierusalem had ouer-lookt the first notice of their heathē-neighbors . Without any noise doth Nehemiah arise in the dead of night , and taking some few into his companie , none into his counsaile , hee secretly rounds the decayed wals of Ierusalem , and viewes the breaches , and obserues the gates ; and returnes home in silence , ioying in himselfe to fore-see those reparations , which none of the inhabitants did once dreame of : At last , when hee had fully digested this great worke in his owne brest , hee cals the rulers and Citizens together , and hauing condoled with them , the common distresse , and reproach , hee tells them of the hand of his God , which was good vpon him ; hee shewes them the gracious commission of the King , his master , for that good worke . They answer him with a zealous incouragement of each other , Let vs rise vp and build ▪ Such an hearty inuitation countenanced by authority hath easily strengthened the hands of the multitude ; with what obseruance and dearnesse doe they now looke vpon their vnexpected patron ? how do they honour him as a man fent from heauen , for the welfare of Ierusalem ? Euery man flyes to his hodde , and trowell , and reioyces to second so noble a leader , in laying a stone in that wall of their common defence . Those emulous neighbours of theirs , Sanballat , Tobiah , Geshem , the cheife commanders of Moab , Ammon , Arabia , haue soone espyed the first morter , that is laid vpon that old foundation . Enuy is vsually more quicke-sighted then loue : And now they scornfully apply themselues to these despised Iewes , and thinke to scoffe them out of their worke : The fauourablest persecution of any good cause is the lash of lewd tongues ; whether by bitter taunts or by scurrilous inuectiues : which it is as impossible to auoyd , as necessary to contemne . The barking of these dogs doth not hinder Nehemiah from walking on his way ; professing his confidence in the God of heauen , whose work that was ; he shakes off their impotent malice , and goes on cheerfully to build : Euery Israelite knowes his station . Eliashib the high Priest , and the rest of that sacred tribe put the first hand to this worke ; they build the sheep-gate , and sanctifie it ; and in it , all the rest . As the first fruits of the field , so the first stones of the wall , are hallowed to God , by the consecration of those deuout agents : That businesse is like to prosper which beginnes with God. No man was idle , no part was intermitted ; All Ierusalem was at once encompassed with busie labourers . It cannot bee , but the ioynt-indeauors of faithfull harts must raise the walles of the Church . Now Sanballat , and his brethren , find some matter to spend their scoffes vpon ; What doe these feeble Iewes ? will they fortifie themselues ? will they sacrifice ? will they make an end in a day ? will they reuiue the stones out of the heapes of rubbish which are burnt ? How basely do carnall minds thinke of the proiects , and actions of Gods children ; therefore vilifying them , because they measure them by no other line , then outward probability . Oh foolish Moabites , this worke is Gods , and therefore in despight of all your tonges and hands , it shall prosper : He heares you whom yee haue blasphemed , and shall turne your reproach vpon your own heads . And , thou proud Ammonite , that couldst say , If a Foxe goe vpon their stone-wall , hee shall breake it downe ; shalt well find , that all the woluish troopes of your confederats shall not bee able to remoue one stone of this sure fortification ; Whiles Moab and Ammon repine and bluster in vaine this wal shal rise , & when Moab & Ammon shal lye in the dust , this wall shall stand . The morter that hath beene tempered with so many teares , and layed with so many prayers , cannot but out-last all the flints , and marbles of humane confidence . Now the growth of this wall hath turned the mirth of the aduersaries into rage : These Moabites , Ammonites , Arabians , Ashdodites conspire all together , to fight against Ierusalem ; and whiles the morter is yet greene , to demolish those enuied heapes . What hath this City offended in desiring to be defenced ? what wrong could it be to wish a freedome from wrongs ? Were this people so mighty , that there could be danger in ouer-powring their neighbours , or in resisting a common soueraign , there might haue appeared some colour for this hostile opposition ; but , alas ; what could a despised handfull doe to the preiudice of either ? It is quarrell enough to Ierusalem that it would not be miserable . Neither is it otherwise with the head of these hellish complices ; there needs no other cause of his vtmost fury , then to see a poor soule strugling to get out of the reach of his tyrannie . So doe sauage beasts bristle vp themselues , and make the most fierce assaults when they are in danger of loosing the prey , which they had once seized on . In the meane while , what doth Nehemiah with his Iewes for their common safety ? They pray , and watch ; they pray vnto God , they watch against the enemy . Thus , thus shall wee happily preuaile against those spirituall wickednesses , which war against our soules : No euill can surprize vs if we watch ; no euill can hurt vs , if we pray ; This is the victory that ouercomes the world , euen our faith . There was need of a continued vigilancy ; the enemy was not more malicious , then subtle , and had said ; They shall not know , neither see , till wee come in the midst among them , and slay them . Open force is not so dangerous , as close dissimulation ; They meant to seeme Iewes , whiles they were Moabites and Ammonites ; and in the clothes of brethren purposed to hide murderers . Neuer is Satan so preuailent , as when hee comes transformed into an Angell of light . It was a mercifull prouidence of God , that made these mens tongues the blabs of their owne counsell . Many a fearfull designe had prospered , if wickednesse could haue beene silent . Warning is a lawfull gard to a wise aduersary : Now doth Nehemiah arme his people ; and for the time , changes their trowels into swords , & speares , and bowes ; raising vp their courage with a vehement exhortation , to remember the Lord , which is great , and terrible , and to fight for their brethren , their sonnes , their daughters , their wiues , and their houses . Nothing can so harten vs to the encountring of any euill , as the remembrance of that infinite power and wisdome which can either auert , or mittigate , or sanctifie it : wee could not faint if wee did not forget God. Necessity vrges a man to fight for himself , loue inables his hand to fight for those which challēge a part in him ; where loue meets with necessity , there can want no indeuor of victory ; Necessity can make euen cowards , valiant ; loue makes the valiant , vnresistable : Nehemiah doth not therefore perswade these Iewes to fight for themselues , but for theirs : The inlargement of the interest , and danger , cannot but quicken the dullest spirits . Discouered counsels are alreadie preuented ; These serpents dye by being first seene ; When the enemies heard that it was knowne vnto vs , they let fall their plot . Could wee descry the enterprises of Satan , that tempter would returne ashamed . It is a safe point of wisedome to carrie a iealous eye ouer those , whom we haue once found hollow , and hostile : From that time forth Nehemiah diuided the taske , betwixt the trowell , and the sword ; so disposing of euery Israelite , that whiles one hand was a Mason , the other was a souldier : one is for worke , the other for defence . Oh liuely image of the Church militant , wherein euery one labours , weaponed ; wherein there is neither an idle souldier , nor a secure workman : euery one so builds , as that he is ready to ward temptations ; euerie one so wields the sword of the spirit , for defence , that , withall , hee builds vp himselfe in his most holy faith ; here is neither a fruitlesse valour , nor an vnsafe diligence . But what can our weapons auaile vs , if there be not meanes to warne vs of an enemie ? Without a Trumpet we are armed in vain . The worke is great and large , and we are separated vpon the wall , one farre from another : Yea , so farre as the vtmost bounds of the earth , are wee separated one from another , vpon the wals of the spirituall Ierusalem ; onely the sacred Trumpets of God , call vs , who are distant in place , to a combination in profession . And who are those Trumpets , but the publike messengers of God , of whom God hath said ; If the Watchmen see the sword come , and blow not the trumpet , and the people be not warned , if the sword come , and take any person from among them , hee is taken away in his iniquitie , but his blood will I require at the watchmans hand . Wo bee to vs if we sound not ; if the sound we giue be vncertaine : wo be to our people , if when we premonish them of enemies , of iudgements , they sit still vnmoued , not buckling themselues to a resistance , to a preuention . It is a mutuall ayd , to which these Trumpets inuite vs ; wee might fight apart , without the signals of warre ; In what place yee heare the sound of the Trumpet , resort ye thither vnto vs. There can bee no safety to the Church , but wher euery man thinkes his life , and welfare consists in his fellowes ; Conioyned forces may prosper , single oppositions are desperare : All hearts and hands must meet in the common quarrell . NEHEMIAH redressing the extortion of the Iewes . WIth what difficultie doe these miserable Iewes settle in their Ierusalem ? The feare of foraine enemies doth not more afflict them , then the extortion of their owne : Dearth is added vnto warre : Miseries doe not stay for a mannerly succession to each other , but in a rude importunity throng in , at once . Babel may be built with ease , but whosoeuer goes about to raise the walls of Gods Citie , shall haue his hands full : The incursion of publike enemies may be preuented with vigilancy and power ; but there is no defence against the secret gripes of oppression . There is no remedy , the Iewes are so taken vp with their trowel , and sword , for the time , that they cannot attend their trades ; so as , whiles the wall did rise , their estates must needs impayre : Euen in the cheapest season they must needs be poore , that earned nothing but the publike safetie , how much more in a common scarcity ? their houses , lands , vineyards are therefore morgaged , yea their very skins are sold , for corn , to their brethren : Necessity forces them to sell that , which it was cruelty to buy ; What will we not , what must we not part with , for life ? The couetous rulers did not consider the occasions of this want , but the aduantage . Sometimes , a bargaine may bee as vnmercifull as a robbery : Charity must be the rule in all contracts ; the violation whereof , whether in the matter , or the price , cannot but be sinfull . There could not bee a iuster ground of expostulation then this of the oppressed Iewes : Our flesh is as the flesh of our brethren , our children as their children ; and loe , we bring into bondage our sonnes and our daughters : whiles there is no difference in nature , why should there bee such an iniurious disproportion in condition . Euen the same flesh may beare a iust inequality ; Some may be rulers , whiles others are subiect ; Some wealthy , others poore ; but why those wealthy rulers should tyrannize ouer those poore inferiours , and turne brotherhood into bondage no reason can be giuen but lawlesse ambition ; If there were one flesh of Peeres , another of Peasants , there should be some colour for the proud impositions of the great , as because the flesh of beasts is in a lower ranke then ours , we kill , we deuoure it at pleasure ; but now , since the large body of mankinde consists of the same flesh , why should the hand strike the foot ? And if one flesh may challenge meet respects from vs , how much more one spirit ; The spirit is more noble , then the flesh is base ; the flesh is dead without the spirit ; the spirit without the flesh , actiue and immortall ; Our soule , though shapelesse , and immateriall , is more apparently one , then the flesh ; And if the vnity of our humane spirit call vs to a mutuall care , and tendernesse in our cariage , each to other , how much more of the diuine ? by that we are men , by this we are Christians : As the soule animates vs to a naturall life , so doth Gods Spirit animate the soule to an heauenly ; which is so one ; that it cannot bee deuided . How should that one spirit cause vs so farre to forget all naturall , and ciuill differences , as not to contemne , not to oppresse any whom it informeth ? They are not Christians , not men , that can inioy the miseries of their brethren , whether in the flesh or spirit . Good Nehemiah cannot choose but bee much moued at the barbarous extortion of the people ; and now , like an vnpartiall gouernour , hee rebukes the Rulers and Nobles , whose hand was thus bloody with oppression . As of fishes , so of men , the lesser are a prey to the great : It is an ill vse made of power , whē the weight of it serues onely to crush the weake . There were no liuing amongst men had not God ordained higher then the highest ; and yet higher then they . Eminency of place cannot bee better improued , then by taking down mighty offenders . If nobility doe embase it selfe to any foule sinne , it is so much more worthy of coertion , by how much the person is of greater marke . The iustice of this reproofe could not but shame impudence it selfe ; Wee after our abilitie haue redeemed our brethren the Iewes which were sold to the heathen , and will you sell your brethren , or shall they be sold to vs ? Shall they finde at home that yoke of bondage which they had put off abroad ? whiles they are still Iewes , shall we turne Assyrians ? If they must be slaues , why not rather to enemies , then to brethren ? How much more tollerable were a forayne seruitude , then a domesticall : Be ashamed , ô ye Nobles of Israel , to renue Babylon in Ierusalem . I maruell not if the offenders be stricken dumbe with so vnanswerable an expostulation ; Guiltinesse , and confusion haue stopt their mouthes . Many of those who haue not had grace enough to refraine sin , yet are not so vtterly void of grace as to maintaine sinne ; Our after-wits are able to discerne a kinde of vnreasonableness in those wicked actions , which the first appearance represents vnto vs plausible . Gaine leads in sinne , but shame followes it out . There are those that are bold and witty to beare out commodious , or pleasant euills ; neither could these Iewish enormities , haue wanted some colours of defence ; Their stocke was their owne , which might haue beene otherwise improued , to no lesse profit ; The offer , the suit of these bargaines was from the sellers ; These escheates fell into their hands , vnsought ; neither did their contract cause the neede of their brethren , but releeue it : But their conscience will not beare this plea. I know not whether the maintenance of the least euill bee not worse , then the commission of the greatest ; This may bee of frailty , that argues obstinacy : There is hope of that man that can blush , and be silent . After conuiction of the fact , it is seasonable for Nehemiah , to perswade reformation : No oratory is so powerfull , as that of mildnesse : especially when we haue to doe with those , who either through stomach , or greatnesse , may not indure a rough reproofe : The drops that fall easily vpon the corne , ripen , and fill the eare , but the stormy showers that fal with violence , beat down the stalkes flat to the earth , and lay whole fields , without hope of recouery . Who can resist this sweet & soueraign reprehension ; Ought yee not to walke in the feare of our God , because of the reproach of the heathen , our enemies ? Did we dwell alone in the midst of the earth , yet the feare of our God should ouer-awe our wayes ; but now that we dwell in the midst of our enemies , whose eies are bent vpon all our actions , whose tongues are as ready to blaspheme God , as we to offend him , how carefully should we auoid those sins , which may draw shame vpon our profession ? Now , the scandall is worse then the fact ; Thus , shall religion suffer more from the heathen , then our brethren doe from vs : If iustice , if charity cannot sway with vs , yet , let the scornfull insultations of the prophane Gentiles , afright vs frō these pressures . No ingenuous disposition can be so tender of his own disgrace , as the true Israelite is of the reproch of his God : What is it that hee will not rather refraine , doe , suffer , then that glorious name shall hazard a blemish ? They cannot want outward retentiues from sin , that liue either among friends , or enemies ; if friends , they may not be grieued , if enemies , they may not be prouoked : Those that would liue well , must stand in awe of all eyes ; Euen those that are without the Church yet may not bee without our regard : No person can bee so contemptible , as that his censure should be contemned . In dissuading from sinne , reason it selfe cannot preuaile more then example . I likewise , and my brethren , and my seruants might exact of them money , and corne . But from the time that I was appointed to the charge of Iudah , I , and my brethren haue not eaten the bread of the gouernour . Hee shall neuer rule well , that doth all that hee may : It is not safe for either part , that a Prince should liue at the height of his power : And if the greatest abate of their right , is it for inferiors to extort ? Had Nehemiah aimed at his own greatnesse , no man could haue had fairer pretences for his gaine . The former gouernors that were before him were chargeable vnto the people , and had taken of them bread and wine , besides fourty shekels of siluer . His foot had not first trod in this commodious path ; it was beaten by the steps of his predecessors ; neither did any of them walke beside it : How euer it might bee enuious to raise new taxations , yet to continue those he found vnrepined at , had been out of the reach of exception : A good Gouernour lookes not so much what hath beene done , as what should bee ; Precedents are not the rule , whereby hee rules , but iustice , but piety . So did not I , because of the feare of the Lord : Lawes are not a straiter curbe to subiects , then conscience is to good Princes . They dare not doe what they cannot doe charitably : what aduantage can they thinke it to bee from vnder the controllment of men , when the God of heauen notes , and punishes their offences . Who so walketh by this rule , can neither erre , nor mis-cary ; It is not trusting to the externall remedies of sinne , either they are not alwaies present ; or if present , not powerfull enough ; but if the feare of God haue once taken vp the heart , it goes euer with vs , and is strong enough to ouer-maister the forceablest temptation . Therefore must these Iewes follow this example of Nehemiah , because he followed not the example of his predecessors ; because he left their euill , they must imitate his good . In vaine shall rulers aduise against their owne practice ; when they lead the way , they may well challenge to bee followed : Seldome hath it been euer seene that great persons haue not beene seconded in euill , why should not their power serue to make patternes of their vertues ? Thus well did it speed with Nehemiah ; his mercifull cariage , and zealous suit haue drawne the Rulers to a promise of restitution ; We will restore them , and will require nothing of them , so will we doe as thou sayest . It is no small aduantage that these Nobles must forgoe , in their releases : there cannot be a better signe of a sound amendment , thē that we can be content to be loosers by our repentance ; Many formall penitents haue yeelded to part with so much of their sinne , as may abate nothing of their profit ; as if these Rulers should haue beene willing to restore the persons , but withall should haue stood stifly to require their sums : This whining and partiall satisfaction had been thanklesse . True remorse inlargeth the heart , and openeth the hand to a bountifull redemption of our errors . Good purposes doe too often coole in time , and vanish into a carelesse forgetfulnesse ; Nehemiah feared this issue of these holy resolutions ; and therfore he prosecutes them in their first heat ; not leauing these promises , till he had secured them , with an oath ; The Priests are called for , that in their mouthes , the adiuration may be more solemne , & sacred ; It is the best point of wisedome to take the first opportunity of fixing good motions , which otherwise are of themselues light , & sleightie . To make all yet more sure , their oathes are crosse-barred with his execration . Also I shooke my lap , and said , so God shake out euery man from his house , and from his labour that performeth not this promise , euen thus be he shaken out , and emptied , and all the Congregation said , Amen . A promise , an oath , a curse , are passed vpon this act ; now , no Israelite dares falter in the execution : When we haue a sin in chace , it is good to follow it home , not slackning our pursuit till we haue fully preuailed ; and when it is once falne vnder our hands , we cannot kill it too much . Now Nehemiah hauing thus happily deliuered his people frō a domesticall captiuity , commēds his seruice to the gracious remuneration of the Almighty ; Thinke vpon me my God , for good , according to all that I haue done for this people ; Therfore doth hee refuse the bread of the Gouernour , that hee may receiue the reward of the Gouernour of heauen : Had hee taken a temporary recompence , both he and it had beene forgotten , now he hath made an happy change for eternity . Not that he pleades his merit , but sues for mercy ; neither doth he pray to bee remembred for his work , but according to his worke . Our good deedes as they are well accepted of God , so they shall not goe vnrewarded ; and what God will giue , why may not wee craue . Doubtlesse , as we may offer vp our honest obediences vnto God , so we may expect and beg his promised retributions ; not out of a proud conceit of the worth of our earnings , who at the best are no other then vnprofitable seruants ; but out of a faithfull dependance vpon his pact of bounty , who cannot bee lesse then his word : O God , if we doe ought that is good , it is thine act , and not ours ; crowne thine owne worke in vs , and take thou the glory of thine own mercies . Whiles Nehemiah is busie in reforming abuses , at home ; the enemy is plotting against him , abroad ; Sanballat , and Tobiah , and Geshem the Arabian conspire against his life , and in him , against the peace of Ierusalem : What open hostility could not do , they hope to effect by pretence of treaties : Foure seuerall messages call Nehemiah to a friendly meeting . Distrust is a sure gard . The wise gouernor hath learn'd to suspect the hollow fauours of an enemy ; and to returne them , with safe and iust excuses . I cannot come downe , why should the worke cease whiles I leaue it , and come downe to you ? I doe not heare him say , You intend mischiefe to mee ; I will not come forth to you ; though this were the proper cause of his forbearance , but he hee turnes them off with an answer , that had as much truth , as reseruednesse . Fraud is the fitliest answered with subtlety : Euen innocencie is allowed a lawfull craft ; That man is in an ill case , that conceales no truth from an aduersary . What intreaties cannot doe , shall bee attempted by threats ; Sanballats seruant comes now the fifth time , with an open letter , importing dangerous intimation , wherein is written , It is reported among the heathen and Gashmu saith it , that the Iewes thinke to rebell ; for which cause thou buildest the wall that thou mayest be their King. It is reported : and what falshood may not plead this warant●● What can be more lying then report ? Among the beathen : and who is more Ethnick then Sanballat ? what Pagan can be worse then a mungrel Idolater ? And Gashmu saith it , Aske my fellow else ; This Arabian was one of those three heads of all the hostile combination , against Ierusalem , against Nehemiah ; It would be wide with innocēce if enemies might bee allow'd to accuse . That the Iewes thinke to rebell : A stale suggestion , but , once , powerfull ; Malice hath learn'd to miscall all actions ; where the hands cannot bee taxed , very thoughts are preiudged : For which cause thou buildest the wall , that thou mayest be their King ; Hee was neuer true Israelite that hath not passed spightfull slanders , and misconstructions : Artaxerxes knew his seruant too well , to beleeue any rumour , that should haue beene so shamelesse ; The ambition of Nehemiah was wel known to reach onely to the cup , not to the Scepter of his Soueraign : And yet , to make vp a sound tale , Prophets are suborned to preach , There is a King in Iudah : as if that loyall gouernor had corrupted the pulpits also ; and had taught them the language of treason . But what of all this ? what if some false tongue haue whispered such idle tales ? It is not safe for thee , O Nehemiah , to contemn report : Perhaps this newes shal fly to the Court , and worke thee a deadly displeasure ere thou canst know thy selfe traduced ; Come therefore , and let vs take counsell together : Surely that man cannot be sparing of any thing , that is prodigall of his reputation . If ought vnder heauen can fetch Nehemiah out of his hold , it is the care of his fame . But , that wary gouernour sees a net spred neere vnto this stall ; and therfore keeps aloofe , not without contempt of those slie deuises . There are no such things done as thou sayest , but thou fainest them out of thine owne heart : Some imputations are best answered with a neglectiue deniall : It fals out often that plaine dealing puts craft out of countenāce , Since neither force nor fraud can kill Nehemiah , they will now try to draw him into a sinne , and thereby into a reproach ; O God , that any Prophets tongue should be mercenary ! Shemaiah the Seer , is hyred by Tobiah , and Sanballat , to affright the Gouernour , with the noyse of his intended murder ; and to aduise him for shelter , to flye to the forbidden refuge of the Temple . The colour was faire . Violence is meant to thy person , no place but one can promise thee safetie ; The City hath as yet no gates ; come therefore , and shut thy selfe vp in the Temple , there onely shalt thou be free from all assaults . And what if Nehemiah had harkened to this counsell ? Sinne , and shame had followed ; That holy place was for none but persons sacred ; such as were priuiledged by blood , and function ; others should presume , and offend in entring ; and now , what would the people say ? What shall become of vs whiles our Gouernour hides his head for feare ? When shall wee finde a Temple to secure vs ? What doe wee depending vpon a cowardly leader ? Well did Nehemiah fore-cast these circumstances , both of act , and euent , and therefore resoluing to distrust a Prophet that perswaded him to the violation of a Law , hee reiects the motion with scorne ; Should such a man as I flee ? Should I goe into the Temple to saue my life ? I will not goe : It is fit for great persons to stand vpon the honour of their places ; Their very stations should put those spirits into them , that should make them hate to stoope vnto base conditions . Had God sent this message , wee know hee hath power to dispence with his owne Lawes ; but well might the contradiction of a Law argue the message not sent of God. God as he is one , so doth hee perfitly agree with himselfe . If any priuate spirit crosse a written word , let him be accursed . AHASVERVS Feasting , VASHTI cast off , ESTHER chosen . WHat bounds can be set to humane ambition ? Ahasuerus , that is , Xerxes , the sonne of Darius is already the King of an hundred , and seuen and twenty Prouinces , and now is ready to fight for more . Hee hath newly subdued Egypt , and is now addressing himself for the conquest of Greece . Hee cannot hope euer to see all the land that hee possesseth , and yet hee cannot be quiet , whiles he heares of more . Lesse then two ells of earth shall ere long serue him , whom , for the time , a whole world shall scarce satisfie ; In vaine shall a man striue to haue that which he cannot inioy , and to inioy ought by mere relation ; It is a windy happinesse that is sought in the exaggeration of those titles , which are taken vpon others credit , without the sense of the owner : Nothing can fill the heart of man , but he that made it . This great Monarch , partly in triumph of the great victories , that he hath lately wonne in Egypt , and partly , for the animation of his Princes , and souldiers , to his future exploits , makes a feast , like himselfe , royall and magnificent . What is greatnesse if it bee not showed ? And wherein can greatnesse bee better showne , then in the atcheiuments of warre , and the intertainments of peace ? All other feasts were but hunger to this of Ahasuerus , whether we regard the number of guests , or the largenesse of preparation , or continuance of time : During the space of a whole halfe yeare , all the tables were sumptuously furnished for all commers from India , to Ethyopia ; A world of meat was euery day dressed for a world of men ; Euery meale was so set on , as if it should haue beene the last : Yet all this long feast hath an end ; and all this glory is shut vp in forgetfulnesse ; What is Ahasuerus the better , that his Peeres then said , hee was incomparably great ? What are his Peeres the better , that they were feasted ? Happy is he that eates bread , and drinkes new wine in the Kingdome of God ; this banquet is for eternity , without intermission , without satiety . What variety of habits , of languages , of manners , met at the boards of Ahasuerus ? What confluence of strange guests was there now to Shushan ? And , lest the glory of this great King might seeme , like some coorse picture , only faire a farre off ; after the Princes and Nobles of the remote Prouinces , all the people of Shushan are intertained , for seuen daies with equall pompe and state ; The spacious Court of the Palace is turned into a Royall Hall , the walls are rich hangings , the pillars of marble , the beds of siluer and gold , the pauement of porphirie curiously checkered ; The wine and the vessels stroue whether should bee the richer ; no man drunke in worse then gold ; and whiles the mettall was the same , the forme of each cup was diuers ; the attendants was answerable to the cheare ; and the freedome matched both : Here was no compulsion , either to the measure , or quality of the draught ; euery mans rule was his owne choice . Who can but blush to see forced healths in Christian banquets , when the ciuility of very pagans commands liberty . I cannot but enuy the modesty of heathen Dames ; Vashti the Queene , and her Ladies , with all the seuerall rankes of that sexe , feast apart ; intertaining each other , with a bashfull curtesie , without wantonnesse , without that wild scurrility , which vseth to haunt promiscuous meetings : Oh shamefull vnchastity of those loose Christians , who must feed their lust , whiles they fill their bellies ; and thinke the feast vnperfit , where they may not sate their eye no lesse then their palate . The last day of this pompous feast is now come : King Ahasuerus is so much more cheerfull , by how much his guests are neerer to their dismission . Euery one is wont to close vp his curtesie with so much more passion , as the last acts vse to make the deeper impression ; And now , that he might at once amaze , and indeare the beholders , Vashti the Queene in all her royalty , is called for ; Her sight shall shut vp the feast , that the Princes and people may say , How happy is King Ahasuerus , not so much in this greatnesse , as in that beauty . Seuen officers of the chamber are sent to cary the message , to attend her entrance , and are returned with a deniall : Perhaps Vashti thought ; What meanes this vncouth motion ? More then sixe moneths hath this feast continued ; and , all this while wee haue inioyed the wonted liberty of our sexe ; Were the King still himselfe , this command could not bee sent ; it is the wine , and not hee , that is guiltie of this errand ; Is it for mee to humour him in so vaine a desire ? Will it agree with our modest reseruednesse , to offer our selues to bee gazed at by millions of eyes ? Who knowes what wanton attempts may follow vpon this vngouerned excesse ? This very message argues that wit , and reason haue yeelded their places to that besotting liquor . Nothing but absence can secure vs from some vnbeseeming profer ; neither doubt I , but the King when he returnes to himselfe , will giue me thankes for so wise a forbearance . Thus , vpon the conceit ( as is likely ) that her presence would bee either needlesse , or vnsafe . Vashti refuseth to come . Although perhaps her great spirits thought much to receiue a command frō the hand of officers . The blood that is once inflamed with wine , is apt to boyle with rage : Ahasuerus is very wroth with this indigne repulse : It was the ostentation of his glory , and might , that hee affected , before those Princes , Peeres , people ; and now that seemes eclipsed , in the shutting vp of all his magnificence , with the disgraceful affront of a woman . It vexes him to thinke , that those Nobles , whom hee meant to send away astonished with the admiration of his power , and maiesty , should now say : What boots it Ahasuerus to rule afarre off , when hee cannot command at home ? In vaine doth he boast to gouerne Kings , whiles hee is checked by a woman . What euer were the intentions of Vashti , surely her disobedience was inexcusable ; it is not for a good wife to iudge of her husbands will , but to execute it : neither wit , nor stomacke may carie her into a curious inquisition into the reasons of an inioyned charge , much lesse to a resistance : but in an hood-winkt simplicity she must follow , whither shee is led ; as one that holds her chiefe praise to consist in subiection . Where should the perfection of wisedome dwell , if not in the Courts of great Princes ? or what can the treasures of Monarchs purchase more invaluably precious , then learned and iudicious attendance ? Or who can be so fit for honour as the wisest . I doubt how Ahasuerus could haue beene so great , if his throne had not beene still compassed with them that knew the times , and vnderstood the law , and iudgement . These were his Oracles in all his doubts : These are now consulted in this difficulty ; neither must their aduice bee secretly whispered , in the Kings eare , but publikely deliuered in the audience of all the Princes . It is a perillous way that these sages are called to goe , betwixt an husband and wife ; especially of such power , and eminency ; yet Memucan feares not to passe an heauie sentence against Queen Vashti . Vashti , the Queene hath not done wrong to the King onely , but also to all the Princes , and all the people , that are in all the Prouinces of the King Ahasuerus . A deepe and sore commination ; iniuries are so much more intolerable , as they are dilated vnto more ; those offences which are of narrow extent , may receiue an easie satisfaction ; the amends are not possible , where the wrong is vniuersall : For this deed of the Queene shall come abroad to all women , so that they shall despise their husbands in their eyes : Indeed so publique a fact must needs fly ; That concourse gaue fit opportunity to diffuse it all the world ouer ; The examples of the great are easily drawne into rules . Bad lessons are apt to be taken out ; as honour , so contempt fals downe from the head to the skirts ; neuer ascends from the skirts to the head . These wise men are so much the more sensible of this danger , as they saw it more likely , the case might proue their owne . Likewise shall the Ladies of Persia and Media say this day vnto all the Kings Princes . The first precedents of euill must bee carefully auoided , if wee care to keepe a constant order in good . Prudence cannot better bestirre it selfe , then in keeping mischiefe from home . The foundation of this doom of Memucan is not laid so deep for nothing ; If it please the King let there goe a royall commandement from him , and let it bee written among the lawes of the Persians , and Medians , that it bee not altered , that Vashti come no more before Ahasuerus ; and let the King giue her royall estate to another that is better then she . How bold a word was this , and how hazardous ? Had Ahasuerus more loued the beauty of Vashti , then his honor , Memucan had spoken this against his owne life : Howsoeuer , a Queene of so great spirit , could not want strength of fauour , and faction , in the Persian Court ; which could not but take fire at so desperate a motiō . Faithfull statesmen , ouerlooking priuate respects , must bend their eies vpon publique dangers , labouring to preuent a common mischiefe , though with the aduenture of their owne . Nature had taught these Pagans the necessitie of a female subiection ; and the hate and scorne of a proud disobedience . They haue vnlearned the very dictates of Nature , that can abide the head to bee set below the ribbe . I cannot say but Vashti was worthy of a sharpe censure ; I cannot say she was worthy a repudiation . This plaister drew too hard ; It was but heathen iustice to punish the wiues disobedience in one indifferent act , with a diuorce : Nothing but the violation of the mariage-bed , can either breake , or vntye the knot of mariage . Had she not been a Queen , had not that contemptuous act beene publique , the sentence had not beene so hard ; now the punishment must be exemplary , lest the sin should be so . Many a one had smarted lesse , if their persons , if their places had beene meaner . The King , the Princes approue this heauy iudgment of Memucan ; It is not in the power of the faire face of Vashti , to warrant her stomacke : No doubt many messages passed ere the rigour of this execution : That great hart knows not to relēt , but will rather break , then yeeld to an humble deprecation . When the stone , and the steele meet , fire is stricken ; it is a soft answer that appeaseth wrath . Vashti is cast off , Letters are sent from the King , into all his Prouinces , to command that euery man should rule at home ; The Court affords thē an awfull patterne of authority : Had not Ahasuerus doted much vpon Vashties beauty , hee had not called her forth at the feast , to be wōdredat , by his Peeres & people ; yet now hee so feeles the wound of his reputation , that he forgets he euer felt any wound of his affection . Euen the greatest loue may be ouer-strained ; It is not safe presuming vpon the deepest assurances of dearnesse : There is no heart that may not be estranged . It is not possible that great Princes should want soothing vp in all their inclinations , in all their actions : Whiles Ahasuerus is following the chace of his ambition , in the wars of Greece , his followers are prouiding for his lust at home ; Nothing could sound more pleasing to a carnall eare , then that all the faire yong virgins , throughout all his dominions , should be gathered into his palace at Shushan , for his assay , and choice : The decree is soone published ; The charge is committed to Hege , the Kings Chamberlain , both of their purification , and ornaments . What strife , what emulation was now , amongst all the Persian damosells , that either were , or thought themselues faire ? Euery one hopes to bee a Queene ; and sees no reason why any other should be thought more excellent ; How happy were wee , if we could be so ambitious of our espousalls to the King of heauen ? Amongst all this throng of Virgins , God hath prouided a wife for Ahasuerus ; hauing determined his choice , where most aduantage shall rise to his forlorne people . The Iewes were miserably scattered ouer the world , in that wofull deportation vnder Iechoniah ; scarce an handfull of them returned to Ierusalem ; the rest remaine still dispersed where they may but haue leaue to liue . There are many thousands of them turned ouer with the Babylonian Monarchy , to the Persian ; amōgst the rest , was Mordecai , the sonne of Iair , of the tribe of Beniamin ; a man of no meane note , or ability ; who , liuing in Shushan , had brought vp Hadassah , or Esther , his vncles daughter , in a liberall fashion ; It was happy for this orphane , that in a region of captiuity , shee light into such good hands ; Her wise kinsman finds it fit , that her breeding , and habit shold be Persian-like ; In outward and ciuill formes , there was no need to vary from the heathen ; her religion must bee her owne ; the rest was so altogether theirs , that her very nation was not discerned . The same God that had giuen incomparable beauty to this Iewesse , gaue her also fauor in the eies of Hegai , the keeper of the women ; Shee is not only taken into the Persian Court , as one of the selected virgins , but obserued with more then ordinary respect ; all necessaries for her speedie purification are brought to her ; Seuen maides are allowed for her attendance , and the best & most honorable place in that Seraglio is allotted to her ; As if this great officer had designed her for a Queene , before the choice of his master . What strange preparation was here for the impure bed of an heathen ? Euery Virgin must be sixe moneths purified with oyle of myrrhe , and six other months perfumed with sweet odors , besides those speciall receits , that were allowed to each , vpon their owne election : O God , what care , what cost is requisite to that soule which should be addressed a fit Bride for thine holy and glorious Maiesty ? When wee haue scoured our selues with the most cleansing oyle of our repentance , and haue perfumed our selues with thy best graces , and our perfectest obedience , it is the onely praise of thy mercy , that we may bee accepted . The other Virgins passed their probation , vnregarded ; when Esthers turne came , though shee required nothing ; but tooke what was giuen her ; though she affected nothing , but brought that face , that demeanure , which nature had cast vpon her , no eye sees her without admiration ; the King takes such pleasure in her beauty , that , contemning all the other vulgar formes , his choyce is fully fixed vpon her ; All things must prosper , where God hath intended the suceesse : the most wise prouidence of the Almighty fetches his proiects from farre ; The preseruation and aduantage of his owne people is in hand ; for the contriuing of this , Vashti shal be abandoned ; the virgins shall be chosen ; Esther only shall please Ahasuerus ; Mordecai shall displease Haman ; Hamans ruine shall raise Mordecai : The purposes of God cannot be iudged by his remote actions ; only the accōplishment showes his designes ; In the meane time , it pleaseth him to looke another way , then hee moues ; and to worke his owne ends , by arbitrary , and vnlikely accidents . None but Esther shall succeed Vashti ; she onely caries the heart of Ahasuerus from all her sexe ; The royall Crowne is set vpon her head ; And , as Vashti was cast off at a feast , so , with a solemne feast shall Esther bee espoused ; Here wanted no triumph , to expresse the ioy of this great Bridegroom ; and that the world might witnesse he could be no lesse louing , then seuere , all his Prouinces shal feele the pleasure of this happy match , in their immunities , in their rich gifts . With what enuious eyes doe we thinke Vashti lookt vpon her glorious riuall ? How doth shee now ( though too late ) secretly chide her peeuish will , that had thus stript her of her royal crown , and made way for a more happy successor ? Little did shee thinke her refusall could haue had so hainous a construction : Little did she feare , that one word ( perhaps not ill meant ) should haue forfaited her husband , her crowne , and all that she was . Who so is not wise enough to forecast the danger of an offence , or indiscretion , may haue leasure enough of an vnseasonable repentance . That minde is truly great and noble , that is not changed with the hyest prosperity ; Queen Esther cannot forget her cozen Mordecai ; No pompe can make her sleight the charge of so deare a kinsman : In all her royalty , she casts her eie vpon him , amongst the throng of beholders , but shee must not know him ; her obedience keeps her in awe , and will not suffer her to draw him vp with her , to the participation of her honor ; It troubles her , not a little , to forbeare this duty ; but shee must ; It is enough for her , that Mordecai hath commanded her not to be acknowne , who , or whose she was . Perhaps the wise Iew feared , that whiles her honour was yet greene , and vnsetled , the notice of her nation , and the name of a despised captiue might bee some blemish to her in that proud Court ; when as afterwards , vpon the merit of her cariage , and the full possession of all harts , her name might dignifie her nation , and countermand all reproches Mordecai was an officer in the Court of Ahasuerus ; his seruice called him daily to attend in the Kings gate ; Much better might he , being a Iew , serue a Pagan Master , then his foster-daughter might ascend to a Pagans bed . If the necessity or conuenience of his occasions called him to serue ; his pietie and religion called him to faithfulnesse in his seruice : Two of the Kings Chamberlaines , Bigthana , and Teresh , conspire against the life of their Soueraine . No greatnesse can secure from trecherie , or violence : Hee that ruled ouer millions of men , through an hundred , and seuen and twenty Prouinces , cannot assure himselfe from the hand of a villaine ; He that had the power of other mens liues , is in danger of his owne . Happy is that man , that is once possessed of a crown incorruptible , vnfadable , reserued for him in heauen : no force , no treason can reach thither , there can be no perill of either violence , or forfaiture . The likeliest defence of the person of any Prince , is the fidelity of his attendants : Mordecai ouer-hears the whispering of these wicked conspirators ; and reueales it to Esther ; she ( as glad of such an opportunity to commend vnto Ahasuerus the loyalty of him whom she durst but secretly honour ) reueales it to the King ; The circumstances are examined , the plot is discouered , the traytors executed , the seruice recorded , in the Persian Annalls . A good foundation is thus laid for Mordecaies aduancement , which yet is not ouer-hastened , on either part ; Worthy dispositions labour onely to deserue well , leauing the care of their remuneration , to them , whom it concernes ; It is fit that Gods leasure should be attended in all his designements ; The houre is set , when Mordecai shall bee raised : If in the meane time there be an interuention , not only of neglect , but of feares , and dangers , all these shall make his honour so much more sweet , more precious . HAMAN disrespected by MORDECAI . MORDECAIS message to ESTHER . BEsides the charge of his office , the care of Esthers prosperity calls Mordecai to the Kings gate ; and fixes him there : With what inward contentment did he thinke of his so royall pupill ? Here I sit among my fellowes ; little doth the world thinke , that mine adopted child sits in the Throne of Persia : that the great Empresse of the world owes her selfe to me ; I might haue more honor , I could not haue so much secret comfort , if al Shushan knew what interest I haue in Queene Esther . Whiles his hart is taken vp with these thoughts , who should come ruffling by him , but the new-raised fauorite of King Ahasuerus , Haman the sonne of Ammedatha the Agagite ? Him hath the great King inexpectedly aduanced , and set his seat aboue all the Princes that were with him : The gracious respects of Princes are not alwayes led by merit , but by their owne will ; which is euer affected to bee so much the freer , as themselues would bee held more great . When the Sunne shines vpon the Diall , euery passenger will be looking at it ; There needed no command of reuerence , where Ahasuerus was pleased to countenance ; All knees will bow alone euen to forbidden Idols of honor ; how much more where royall authority inioynes obeysance ? All the seruants , all the subiects of King Ahasuerus are willingly prostrate before this great mignon of their Souerayn ; onely Mordecai stands stiffe , as if he saw nothing more then a man in that proud Agagite . They are not obserued that do as the most ; but if any one man shall vary from the multitude , all eyes are turned vpon him : Mordecaies fellow-officers note this palpable irreuerence , and expostulate it ; Why transgressest thou the Kings commandements ? Considerest thou not how far this affront reacheth ? It is not the person of Haman , whom thou refusest to adore , but the King in him : Neither doe we regard so much the man , as the command ; Let him be neuer so vile whom the King bids to bee honoured , with what safety can a subiect examine the charge , or resist it ? his vnworthinesse cannot dispence with our loyalty . What a dangerous wilfulnesse should it be to incurre the forfaiture of thy place , of thy life for a curtesie ? If thou wilt not bow with others , expect to suffer alone ; Perhaps ( they thought ) this omission was vnheedy ; In a case of ignorance , or incogitancie , it was a friendly office to admonish ; the sight of the errour had beene the remedy . Mordecai heares their challenge , their aduice ; and thinks good to answer both , with silence ; as willing they should imagine , his inflexiblenesse proceeded from a resolution ; and that resolution from some secret grounds , which he needed not impart : at last yet he imparts thus much : Let it suffice , that I am a Iew , and Haman an Amalekite . After a priuate expostulation , the continuance of that open neglect is construed for a sullen obstinacie ; and now , the monitors themselues grow sensible of the contempt : Men are commonly impatient to lose the thanke of their indeuours , and are prone to hate whom they cannot reforme . Partly therfore to picke a thanke , and partly to reuenge this contumacy , these officers turne informers against Mordecai , neither meant to make the matter fairer then it was ; they tell Haman how proud , and stubborne a Iew sate amongst them , how ill they could brooke so saucie an affront to be offered to his greatnesse ; how seriously they had expostulated , how stomackfully the offender persisted ; and beseech him , that he would bee pleased in his next passage , to cast some glances that way , and but obserue the fashion of that intolerable insolency . The proud Agagite cannot long indure the very expectation of such an indignity ; On purpose doth he stalk thither , with higher then his ordinary steps ; snuffing vp the aire , as he goes , and would see the man , that durst deny reuerence to the greatest Prince of Persia . Mordecai holds his old posture ; onely hee is so much more carelesse , as he sees Haman more disdainfull , and imperious ; neither of them goes about to hide his passion ; one lookt , as if hee said , I hate the pride of Haman ; the other lookt , as if he said , I will plague the contempt of Mordecai : how did the eies of Hamā sparkle with fury , and as it were dart our deadly beames in the face of that despightfull Iew ? How did he swell with indignation ; and then againe waxe pale with anger ? shortly , his very brow and his motion bad Mordecai looke for the vtmost of reuenge . Mordecai foresees his danger , and contemnes it ; no frownes , no threats can souple those ioints : he may breake , he will not bow . What shall we say then to this obfirmed resolution of Mordecai ? What is it , what can it be , that so stiffens the knees of Mordecai , that death is more easie to him , then their incuruation ? Certainly , if meere ciuility were in question , this wilfull irreuerence to so great a Peere , could not passe without the iust censure of a rude peruersnesse ; It is religion that forbids this obeisāce , & tels him , that such curtesie could not bee free from sinne ; Whether it were , that more then humane honor was required to this new-erected image of the great King , as the Persiās were euer wont to bee noted for too much lauishnesse in these courtly deuotions : Or whether it were , that the ancient curse wherewith God had branded the blood , and stocke of Haman , made it vnlawfull for an Israelite to giue him any obseruance : For the Amalekites ( of whose royall line Haman was descended ) were the nation , with which God had sworne perpetuall hostility ; and whose memory hee had straitly charged his people to root out , from vnder heauen ; How may I ( thinks he ) adore , where God commāds me to detest ? How may I professe respect , where God professeth enmity ? How may I contribute to the establishment of that seed vpon earth , which God hath charged to be pull'd vp from vnder heauen ? Outward actions of indifferency , when once they are felt to trench vpon the conscience , lay deepe obligations vpon the soule ; euen whiles they are most sleighted by carelesse hearts . In what a flame of wrath doth Haman liue this while ? wherewith he could not but haue consumed his owne heart , had hee not giuen vent to that rage in his assured purposes of reuenge : Great mens anger is like to themselues , strong , fierce , ambitious of an excessiue satisfaction . Haman scornes to take vp with the blood of Mordecai ; This were but a vulgar amends ; Poore men can kill where they hate , and expiate their owne wrong , with the life of a single enemie : Hamans fury shall fly an higher pitch ; Millions of threats are few enow to bleed for this offence : It is a Iew that hath despighted him ; all the whole nation of the Iewes shall perish for the stomach of this one : The Monarchy of the world was now in the hand of the Persian , as Iudaea was within this compasse , so there was scarce a Iew vpon earth , without the verge of the Persian dominions : The generation , the name shall now dye at once ; Neither shall there bee any memory of them ; but this ; There was a people , which hauing beene famous through the world , for three thousand , foure hundred , and fourescore yeares , were in a moment , extinct by the power of Haman for default of a courtesie . Perhaps , that hereditary grudge , and old antipathy , that was betwixt Israel , and Amalek , stucke still in the heart of this Agagite ; he might know that God had commanded Israel to root out Amalek from vnder heauen ; and now therefore an Amalekite will bee ready to take this aduātage against Israel . It is extreame iniustice to dilate the punishment , beyond the offence ; and to enwrap thousands of innocents within the trespasse of one : How many that were yet vnborne when Haman was vnsaluted , must rue the fact they liued not to know ? How many millions of Iewes were then liuing , that knew not there was a Mordecai ? all of them are fetcht into one condicion , and must suffer , ere they can know their offence . Oh the infinite distance betwixt the vniust cruelty of men , and the iust mercies of the Almighty ; Euen Caiphas himselfe could say , It is better that one man dye , then that all the people should perish ; and here Haman can say , It is better that all the people should perish then that one man should dye . Thy mercy , ô God , by the willing death of one that had not sinned , hath defrayed the iust death of a world of sinners : Whiles the iniurious rigour of a man , for the supposed fault of one , would destroy a whole nation , that had not offended : It is true , that by the sinne of one , death raigned ouer all ; but it was , because all sinned in that one : had not all men beene in Adam , all had not falne in him , all had not dyed in him ; It was not the man , but mankind that fell into sinne , and by sinne , into death : No man can complaine of punishment , whiles no man can exempt himselfe from the transgression : Vnmercifull Haman would haue imbrued his hands in that blood , which hee could not but confesse innocent . It is a rare thing , if the height of fauour cause not presumption ; Such is Hamans : greatnesse , that he takes his designe for granted , ere it can receiue a motion ; The fittest dayes for this great massacre , are determined by the lots of their common diuination ; according whereunto , Haman chooseth the houre of this bloody suit ; and now , waited on by opportunity , he addresseth himselfe to King Ahasuerus . There is a certaine people scattered abroad , and dispersed among the people , in all the Prouinces of the Kingdome , and their lawes are diuers from all people ; neither keepe they the Kings lawes , therefore it is not for the Kings profit to suffer them ; If it please the King , let it bee written that they may be destroyed , and I will pay tenne thousand talents of siluer to the hands of the officers . With what cunning hath this man couched his malice ? He doth not say , There is a Iew that hath affronted mee , let me be auenged of his nation ; this rancour was too monstrous to be confessed ; perhaps this suggestion might haue bred in the mind of Ahasuerus a conceit of Hamans ill nature , and intolerable immanity ; but his precences are plausible , and such as driue at no other , then the publique good ; Euery word hath his insinuation : It is a scattered people ; were the nation intire , their maintenance could not but stand with the Kings honour ; but now since they are but straglers , as their losse would be insensible , so their continuance , and mixture cannot but be preiudiciall ; It was not the fault , it was the misery of these poore Iewes , that they were dispersed ; and now their dispersion is made an argument of their extirpation ; therefore must they be destroyed , from the earth , because they were scattered ouer the earth . As good , so euils draw on each other ; That which should plead for pitty in the well-affected , is a motiue to cruelty in sauage minds . Seldome euer hath extremity of mischiefe seized , where easier afflictions haue not beene billeted before . All faith full Iewes had wont to say vnto God , Haue mercy vpon vs , O God , and saue vs , for our soule is full of contempt , and we are scattered amongst the heathen ; and here this enemy can say of them , to Ahasuerus , Destroy them for they are scattered ; Root them out , for they are contemned ; How much better is it to fall into the hands of God , thē of men ; since that which whets the sword of men , works commiseration in the Almighty : Besides the dissipation of the persons , Their lawes are diuers from all people : All other people liue by thy lawes , they onely by their owne : and how can this singularity of their fashions , but breed disorder , and inconuenience ? Did they liue in some corner of the earth apart , their difference in religion and gouernment could not import much ; now , that they are dispersed amongst all thy subiects , vvhat doe these vncouth formes of theirs , but teach all the vvorld to bee irregular ? vvhy should they liue vnder thy protection , that will not be gouerned by thy lawes ? Wicked Haman ! what were the lawes of Israel , but the lawes of God ? if this be a quarrell , what shall the death of the Iewes bee other , then martyrdome ? The diuersity of iudgement , and practice from the rest of the world hath beene an old , and enuious imputation cast vpō Gods Church : What if we be singled from others , whiles wee walke with God ? In matters lawfull , arbitrary , indifferent , wisedome teacheth vs to conforme our selues to all others ; but , where God hath laid a speciall imposition vpon vs , we must either vary , or sinne : The greatest glory of Israel was their lawes , wherein they as far exceeded all other nations , as heauen is aboue earth ; yet , here their lawes are quarrelled , and are made the inducements of their destruction ; It is not possible the Church of God should escape persecution , whiles that which it hath good is maligned ; whiles that offēds which makes it happy . Yet , that they haue lawes of their owne , were not so vnsufferable , if withall , they did obserue thine , ô King , but these Iewes , as they are vnconformable ; so they are seditious : They keepe not the King lawes : Thou slanderest Haman ; they could not keepe their owne lawes , if they kept not the Kings ; for their lawes call them to obedience vnto their soueraignes ; and adiudge hell to the rebellious : In all those hundred and seuen and twenty prouinces , King Ahasuerus hath no subiects , but them ; They obey out of conscience , others out of feare : why are they charged with that , which they doe most abhorre ? What can be the ground of this crimination ? Ahasuerus commanded all knees to bow to Haman ; A Iew onely refuses ; Malicious Haman ; He that refused to bow vnto thee , had sufficiently approued his loyalty to Ahasuerus ; Ahasuerus had not been , if Mordecai had not beene a good subiect ; Hath the King no lawes , but what concerne thine adoration ? Set aside religion ( wherein the Iew is ready to present if not actiue , yet passiue obedience ) and name that Persian law , which a Iew dares break . As I neuer yet read , or heard of a conscionable Israelite , that hath not passed vnder this calumniation , so I cannot yeeld him a true Israelite , that deserues it . In vaine doth hee professe to acknowledge a God , in heauen , that denies homage to his deputy on earth . It is not for the Kings profit to suffer thē . Worldly hearts are not led by good , or euill , but by profit , or losse ; neither haue they grace to know that nothing is profitable but what is honest , nothing so desperately incommodious , as wickednesse ; They must needs offend by rule that measure all things by profit , & measure profit by their imagination . How easie is it to suggest strange vntruths , when there is no body to giue an answer ? False Hamā , hovv is it not for the Kings profit to suffer the Iewes ? If thou construe this profit , for honor , The Kings honor is in the multitude of subiects , and what people more numerous then they ? If for gaine , The Kings profit is in the largenesse of his Tributes ; and what people are more deepe in their payments ? If for seruices ? what people are more officious ? How can it stand with the Kings profit to bereaue himselfe of subiects , his subiects of their liues , his Exchequer of their tributes , his state of their defence ? Hee is a weake polititian that knowes not to guild ouer the worst proiect , with a pretence of publike vtility . No name vnder heauen hath made so many fooles , so many villaines , as this of profit . Lastly , as Ahasuerus reapes nothing but disprofit by the liues of the Iewes , so hee shall reape no small profit by their deaths : I will pay tenne thousand talents of siluer to the Kings treasuries for this execution . If reuenge were not very sweet to the malicious man , hee could not be content to purchase it at so high a rate ; How doe we see daily that the thirst hereof caries men to a riotous prodigality of estate , body , soule ? Cruell Haman , if thou couldst haue swim'd in a whole Sea of Iewish blood , if thou couldst haue raised mountaines of their carcasses ; if thou couldst haue made all Persia thy shambles ; who would haue giuen thee one farthing for all those piles of flesh , for all those streames of blood ? yea who would not rather haue beene at charge for the auoyding of the annoyances of those slaughtered bodies , which thou offerest to buy at ten thousand talents ? It were an happy thing , if charitie could inlarge it selfe , but so much as malice ; if the preseruation of mankinde could be so much beholden to our bountie , as the destruction . Now when all these are laid together , the basenesse and dispersednesse of the people , the diuersitie of their lawes , the irregularitie of their gouernment , the rebellion of their practice , the inconuenience of their toleration , the gaine of their extirpation ; what could the wit or art of man deuise more insinuatiue , more likely to perswade ? How could it bee but Ahasuerus must needs thinke ( since he could not suspect the ground of this suit ; ) What a zealous patriot haue I raised that can be content to buy off the incōmodity of the state , at his own charge ? How worthy is hee rather of the aide both of my power , and purse ? why should I be fee'd to ease my Kingdomes of rebels : The siluer is giuen to thee , the people also , to doe with them as seemeth good to thee : Without all delay , the secretaries are call'd to write the warrants , the Kings ring is giuen to seale them , the posts are sent out to cary them into all Prouinces ; The day is set wherein all Iewes , of all ages , of both sexes , through the hundred and seuen and twenty prouinces of the King , shall be sacrificed to the wrath of Haman . In all the cariage of Ahasuerus , who sees not too much heddinesse of passion ? Vashti is cast off for a trifle ; the Iewes are giuen to the slaughter for nothing , his rage in the one , his fauour in the other is too impotent : Hee is not a worse husband then a King ; the bare word of Haman is enough to kill so many subiects : No disposition can bee more dangerous in great persons , then violence of affectiō mixed with credulity . Oh the seeming inequality of humane condicions : The King and Haman sate down to drink , but the City of Shushan was perplexed : It is a wofull thing to see great ones quaffe the teares of the oppressed ; & to heare them make musick of shriekes . With what lamentation doe we thinke all the Synagogues of Iewes through the world receiued this fatall message of their proclaimed destruction ? How doe they bemone themselues , each to other ? How doe their conioyned cries fill heauen , and earth ? But aboue all , what sack-cloth and ashes could suffise wofull Mordecai , that found in himselfe the occasion of all this slaughter ? What soule could bee capable of more bitternesse , then he felt ? Whiles he could not but think , Wretched man that I am ; It is I , that haue brought all this calamity vpon my nation ; It is I , that haue beene the ruine of my people : wo is me that euer I put my selfe into the Court , into the seruice of a Pagan ; how vnhappy was I to cast my selfe into these straits , that I must either honour an Agagite , or draw a vengeance vpon Israel ? Yet how could I imagine , that the flame of Hamans rage would haue broken out so farre ? might that reuenge haue determined in my blood , how happy should I haue been ? now , I haue brought death vpon many thousands of innocents , that cannot know wherefore they dye ; Why did I not hide my selfe rather frō the face of that proud Amalekite ? Why did I stand out in contestation with so ouer-powerfull an enemy ? Alas , no man of Israel shall so much as liue to curse me , onely mine enemies shall record my name , with ignominy , and say , Mordecai was the bane of his nation . Oh , that my zeale should haue reserued mee for so heauie a seruice ! Where now are those vaine ambitions , wherewith I pleased my selfe in this great match of Esther ? How fondly did I hope by this vndue meanes to raise my selfe , and my people ? Yea , is not this carnall presumption the quarrell that God hath against me ? Doe I not therefore smart from these Pagans , for that I secretly affected this vncircumcised alliance ? Howsoeuer it bee , yet , ô God , what haue thy people done ? Oh let it be thy iust mercy that I may perish alone ! In these sad thoughts did Mordecai spend his hart , vvhiles hee vvalked mournfully in sackcloth , before that gate , wherein he vvas wont to sit ; now his habit bars his approach ; no sackcloth might come vvithin the Court : Lo , that vvhich is vvelcomest in the court of heauen , is here excluded from the presence of this earthly royaltie : A broken and a contrite hart , O God , thou wilt not despise . Neither did it a little adde to the sorrow of Mordecai , to heare the bitter insultations of his former monitors : Did wee not aduise thee better ? Did we not foreadmonish thee of thy danger ? see now the issue of thine obstinacy : now see , what it is for thine earthen pitcher to knock vvith brasse ? now , vvhere is the man that vvould needs contest vvith Haman ? hast thou not now brought thy matters to a fair pass ? Thy stomacke had long owed thee a spight , and now it hath paid thee ; vvho can pitty thy wilfulnesse ? since thou vvouldest needs deride our counsell , vvee vvill take leaue to laugh at thy sackcloth . Nothing but scornes , and griefes , and terrors present themselues to miserable Mordecai : All the externall buffets of aduersaries were sleight to the vvounds that he both made , and felt in his owne heart . The perpetuall intelligences that were closely held betwixt Esther , and Mordecai , could not suffer his publique sorrow to bee long concealed from her ; The newes of his sackcloth afflicts her ere she can suspect the cause ; her crowne doth but clog her head , vvhiles shee heares of his ashes ; True friendship transformes vs into the condicion of those vvee loue ; and if it cannot raise them to our cheerfulnesse , drawes vs downe to their deiection : Faine vvould shee vncase her foster-father of these mournfull vveeds ; and change his sackcloth for tissue ; that yet , at least , his cloathes might not hinder his accesse to her presence , for the free opening of his griefes . It is but a sleight sorrow that abides to take in outward comforts ; Mordecai refuses that kinde offer ; and vvould haue Esther see that his afflictiō was such , as that hee might well resolue to put off his sackcloth and his skin at once ; that he must mourne to death rather then see her face to liue . The good Queene is astonisht with this constāt humiliatiō of so deare a friend ; and now she sends Hatach , a trusty ( though a Pagan ) attendant , to inquire into the occasion of this so irremediable heauinesse : It should seeme Esther inquired not greatly into matters of state ; that which perplexed all Shushan , was not yet knowne to her ; her followers , not knowing her to be a Iewesse , conceiued not how the newes might concerne her , and therefore had forborne the relation : Mordecai first informes her , by her messenger , of the decree that was gone out against all her nation , of the day wherein they must all prepare to bleed , of the summe which Haman had profered for their heads , & deliuers the copy of that bloody Edict ; charging her , now , if euer , to bestirre her selfe ; and to improue all her loue , all her power with King Ahasuerus , in a speedy and humble supplication for the sauing of the life ( not of himselfe so much , as ) of her people . It was tydings able to confound a weake heart ; and hers , so much the more , as shee could apprehēd nothing but impossibility of redresse : she needs but to put Mordecai in mind of that , which all the Kings seruants and subiects knew well enough , that the Persian law made it no lesse then death for whom soeuer , man , or woman , that should presse into the inner court of the king , vncalled . Nothing but the royall scepter extended , could keepe that presumptuous offender from the graue . For her , thirty dayes were now passed since shee was called in to the King ; an intermission , that might bee iustly suspicious ; Whether the heate of his first affection were thus soone ( : of it selfe ) allayed towards her ; or whether some suggestions of a secret enemie ( perhaps his Agagite ) may haue set him off ; or whether some more pleasing obiect may haue laid hold on his eyes ; what euer it might be , this absēce could not but argue some strangenesse , and this strangenesse must needs imply a danger in her bold intrusion : Shee could bewaile therfore , she could not hope to remedy this dismallday of her people . This answer in the eares of Mordecai sounded truth , but weaknesse ; neither can he take vp with so feeble a returne ; These occasions require other spirits , other resplutions , which must bee quickened by a more stirring reply : ) Thinke not with thy selfe that thou shalt escape in the Kings house , more then all the Iewes . For if thou altogether holdest thy peace at this time , then shall their inlargement , & deliuerance arise to the Iewes from another place , but thou and thy fathers house shall bee destroyed . And who knoweth whether thou art comne to the Kingdome for such a time as this . The expectation of death had not quailed the strong heart of faithfull Mordecai ; euen , whiles hee mournes , his zeale droupes not ; there could haue beene no life in that brest , which this message could not haue rouzed . What then ? is it death that thou fearest in this attempt of thy supplication ; what other thē death awaits thee in the neglect of it ? there is but this difference , sue , & thou maist die , sue not , and thou must dye : what blood hast thou but Iewish ? and if these vnalterable edicts exempt no liuing soule , what shall become of thine ? and canst thou be so vainly timerous , as to die for feare of death ? to preferre certaintie of danger , before a possibility of hopes ? Away with this weake cowardise vnworthy of an Israelite , vnworthy of a Queene : But if faint heartednesse or priuate respects shall seale vp thy lippes , or with-hold thine hand from the ayde of thy people ; if thou canst so farre neglect Gods Church , know thou that God will not neglect it ; it shall not be in the power of Tyrans to root out his chosen seed ; that holy one of Israel shall rather worke miracles from heauen , thē his inheritance shall perish vpon earth ? and how iust shall it then be for that iealous God , to take vengeance vpon thee , and thy fathers house for this cold vnhelpfulnesse to his distressed Church ? Suffer me therefore to adiure thee by all that tendernesse of loue , wherewith I haue trained vp thine orphane infancie ; by all those deare and thankfull respects which thou hast vowed to mee againe ; by the name of the God of Israel whom wee serue , that thou awaken and stirre vp thine holy courage , and dare to aduenture thy life , for the sauing of many ; It hath pleased the Almighty to raise thee vp to that height of honor , which our progenitors could little expect ; why shouldst thou bee wanting to him , that hath beene so bountifull to thee ? yea why should I not thinke that God hath put this very act into the intendement of thine exaltation ? hauing on purpose thus seasonably hoysed thee vp to the throne , that thou maist rescue his poore Church from an vtter ruine ? Oh the admirable faith of Mordecai , that shines through all these cloudes , and in the thickest of these fogges , descries a cheerfull glimpse of deliuerance ; Hee saw the day of their common destruction enacted , he knew the Persian decrees to be vnalterable ; but , withall , hee knew there was a Messias to come ; he was so well acquainted with Gods couenanted assurances to his Church , that he can through the midst of those bloody resolutions foresee indemnity to Israel ; rather trusting the promises of God , then the threats of men . This is the victory that ouercomes all the feares , and fury of the world , euen our faith . It is quarrell enough against any person , or community not to haue been aidfull to the distresses of Gods people . Not to ward the blow , if wee may , is construed for little better then striking . Till we haue tryed our vtmost , wee know not whether wee haue done that we came for . Mordecai hath said enough ; These words haue so put a new life into Esther , that she is resolute to hazard the old ; Goe gather together all the Iewes that are present in Shushan , and fast ye for me , and neither eate nor drinke , three daies night or day ; I also and my maidens will fast likewise , and so will I goe in vnto the King , ( which is not according to the law ) and if I perish , I perish . Heroicall thoughts doe well befit great actions . Life can neuer be better aduentured , then where it shall begaine to leese it . There can bee no law against the humble deprecation of euils ; where the necessity of Gods Church calls to vs , no danger , should with-hold vs from all honest meanes of releife . Deepe humiliations must make way for the successe of great enterprises , wee are most capable of mercy , vvhen we are throughly empty : A short hunger doth but whet the appetite , but so long an abstinence meets death halfe way , to preuent it ; Well may they inioyne sharp penances vnto others , who practise it vpon themselues . It was the face of Esther that must hope to win Ahasuerus , yet that shall be macerated with fasting , that she may preuaile . A carnall heart would haue pampered the flesh , that it might allure those wanton eyes ; shee pines it , that she may please . God , and not she , must work the hart of the King ; Faith teaches her rather to trust her deuotions , then her beauty . ESTHER suing to AHASVERVS . THE Iewes are easily intreated to fast , who had receiued in themselues the sentence of death ; what pleasure could they take in meat , that knew what day they must eate their last ? The three dayes of abstinence are expired ; now Esther changes her spirits , no lesse then her clothes ; Who that sees that face , and that habit , can say she had mourned , she had fasted ? Neuer did her royall apparell become her so well . That God before whom she had humbled her selfe , made her so much more beautifull , as she had beene more deiected ; And now , with a winning confidence , she walks into the inner court of the King , and puts her selfe into that forbidden presence : as if she said ; Here I am with my life in my hand , if it please the King to take it , it is ready for him ; Vashti , my predecessor , forfaited her place for not comming when she was called ; Esther shall now hazard the forfaiture of her life , for comming when she is not called : It is necessity , not disobedience that hath put me vpon this bold approch ; according to thy construction , O King , I doe either liue or dye , either shall be welcome . The inexpectednesse of pleasing obiects makes them many times the more acceptable : the beautifull countenance , the gracefull demeanure , and goodly presence of Esther , haue no sooner taken the eyes , then they haue rauished the hart of King Ahasuerus : Loue hath soone banished all dreadfulnesse ; And the King held out to Esther the golden scepter that was in his hand : Moderate intermission is so farre from cooling the affection , that it inflames it : had Esther been seene euery day , perhaps that satiety had abated of the height of her welcome ; now , three and thirty dayes retirednesse hath indeared her more to the surfeted eyes of Ahasuerus . Had not the golden Scepter been held out , where had Queen Esther beene ? The Persian Kings affected a stern awfulnesse to their subiects ; It was death to solicit them , vncalled ; How safe , how easie , how happy a thing it is to haue to doe with the King of heauen , who is so pleased with our accesse , that he solicits sutors ; who , as he is vnweariable with our requests , so is infinite in his beneficences ! How gladly doth Esther touch the top of that Scepter , by which shee holds her life ? and now , whiles she thinks it well that she may liue , she receiues besides pardon , fauour : What wilt thou Queene Esther , and what is thy request ? it shall be giuen thee , euen to the halfe of the Kingdome . Commonly , when wee feare most , wee speed best ; God then most of all magnifies his bounty to vs , when we haue most afflicted our selues . Ouer-confident expectations are seldome but disappointed ; whiles humble suspicions goe laughing away : It was the benefit and safety of but one peece of the Kingdome that Esther comes to sue for , and behold , Ahasuerus offers her the free power of the halfe : He that gaue Haman , at the first word , the liues of all his Iewish subiects , is ready to giue Esther halfe his Kingdome , ere she aske : Now shee is no lesse amazed at the louing munificence of Ahasuerus , then she was before afraid of his austerity ; The Kings hart is in the hand of the Lord , as the riuers of water ; hee turneth it whithersoeuer hee will. It is not good to swallow fauours too greedily , lest they either choke vs in the passage , or proue hard of digestion . The wise Queene , howeuer shee might seeme to haue a faire opportunity offered to her suit , findes it not good to apprehend it too suddenly ; as desiring by this small dilation , to prepare the eare and hart of the King for so important a request . Now , all her petition ends in a banquet ; If it seeme good vnto the King , let the King and Haman come this day vnto the banquet , that I haue prepared for him . It is an easie fauor to receiue a small courtesie , where we offer to giue great . Haman is called , the King comes to Esthers table ; and now highly pleased with his entertainment , hee himselfe solicits her to propound that suit , for which her modesty would , but durst not solicit him : Bashfulnesse shall leese nothing at the hand of wel-gouerned greatnesse . Yet still Esthers suit stickes in her teeth , and dares not come forth without a further preface of time , and expectation ; Another banquet must passe , ere this reckning can be giuen in . Other suitors wait long for the deliuerie of their petition ; longer for the receit of their answer : Here the King is faine to wait for his suit : Whether Esthers hart would not yet serue her to contest with so strong an aduersary , as Haman , without further recollection ; or whether she desired to get better hold of the King , by indearing him with so pleasing entertainments ; or whether shee would thus ripen her hopes , by working in the mind of king Ahasuerus a fore-conceit of the greatnesse , and difficulty of that suit , which was so loath to come forth ; or , whether she meant thus to giue scope to the pride , and malice of Haman , for his more certaine ruine : Howsoeuer it were , to morrow is a new day , set for Esthers second banquet , & third petition . The King is not inuited without Haman ; Fauors are sometimes done to men , with a purpose of displeasure ; Doubtlesse Haman tasted of the same cates with his master ; neither could hee in the forehead of Esther read any other characters , then of respect , and kind applause , yet had shee then , in her hopes , disigned him to a iust reuenge . Little do we know , by outward cariages , in what termes we stand with either God or men . Euery little winde raiseth vp a bubble ; How is Haman now exalted in himselfe with the singular grace of Queene Esther ; and begins to value himselfe so much more , as hee sees himselfe higher in the rate of others opinion . Only surly , and sullen Mordecai is an allay to his happinesse ; No edict of death can bow the knees of that stout Iew : yea the notice of that bloody cruelty of this Agagite , haue stiffned them so much the more : Before , he lookt at Haman as an Amalekite , now , as a persecutor . Disdaine and anger looke out at those eyes , and bid that proud enemy doe his worst . No doubt , Mordecai had beene listening after the speed of Queen Esther ; how shee came in to the King , how she was welcom'd with the golden scepter , and with the more precious words of Ahasuerus ; how shee had intertained the King , how shee pleased ; the newes had quit his sackcloth , and raised his courage to a more scornfull neglect of his professed aduersary . Haman comes home , I know not whether more full of pride , or of rage ; calls an inward counsell of his choise friends , together with his wife ; makes a glorious report of all his wealth , magnificence , height of fauor , both with the King and Queene ; and at last , after all his sun-shine , sets in this cloudy epilogue , Yet all this auaileth me nothing , so long as I see Mordecai the Iew sitting at the Kings gate . It is seldome seene that God allowes euen to the greatest dearlings of the world , a perfect contentment ; something they must haue to complaine of , that shall giue an vnsauory verdure to their sweetest morsels ; and make their very felicity , miserable . The wit of women hath wont to be noted for more sudden and more sharpe . Zeresh the wife of Haman sets on foot that motion of speedy reuenge , which is applauded by the rest . Let a gallowes be made of fifty cubits high , and to morrow , speake thou to the King , that Mordecai may be hanged thereon ; then goe thou in merily with the King , vnto the banquet . I doe not heare thē say ; Be patient a while , thou hast already set Mordecai his last day ; the month Adar will not be long in comming ; the determination of his death hath made him desperate , let him in the meane time eate his owne heart in enuy at thy greatnesse ; but they rather aduise of a quicke dispatch . Malice is a thing full of impatience , and hates delay of execution , next vnto mercy . Whiles any grudge lies at the heart , it cannot bee freelie cheerfull . Forced smiles are but the hypocrisie of mirth . How happy were it for vs , if we could be so zealously carefull to remoue the hindrances of our true spirituall ioy , those stubborne corruptions , that will not stoope to the power of grace . MORDECAI honored by HAMAN . THe wit of Zeresh had like to haue gone beyond the wit of Esther ; had not the working prouidence of the Almighty contriued these euents , beyond all hopes , all conceits , Mordecai had beene dispatched , ere Esters secōd banket . To morrow was the day pitched for both their designes ; had not the streame beene inexpectedly turned , in vaine had the Queene blamed her delayes ; Mordecaies breakfast had preuented Esthers dinner : for certainly , hee that had giuen to Haman so many thousand liues , would neuer haue made dainty , vpon the same suit , to anticipate one of those , whom he had condemned to the slaughter : But , God meant better things to his Church , and fetches about all his holy purposes , after a wonderfull fashion , in the very instant of oportunity : Hee that keepeth Israel , and neither slumbreth , nor sleepeth , causeth sleepe to depart that night from him that had decreed to root out Israel . Great Ahasuerus , that commanded an hundred and seuen and twenty prouinces , cannot command an houres sleepe . Pouerty is rather blessed with the freedome of rest , then vvealth , and power : Cares and surfet vvith-hold that from the great , vvhich presseth vpon the spare diet , and labour of the meanest . Nothing is more tedious then an eager pursuit of denied sleepe : vvhich ( like to a shadow ) flyes away so much faster , as it is more followed : Experience tels vs , that this benefit is best solicited by neglect ; and soonest found when vve haue forgotten to seeke it . Whether to deceiue the time , or to bestow it well ; Ahasuerus shall spend his restlesse houres in the Chronicles of his time . Nothing is more requisite for Princes , then to looke backe vpon their owne actions , and euents , and those of their predecessors ; The examination of fore-past actions makes them wise , of euents , thankfull , and cautelous . Amongst those voluminous registers of Acts & Monuments , which so many scores of prouinces must needs yeeld , the booke shall open vpon Mordecaies discouery of the late treason of the two Euruches : the reader is turned thither , by an insensible sway of prouidence : Our most arbitrary or casuall actions are ouer-ruled by an hand in heauen . The King now feeles afresh the danger of that conspiracy ; and ( as great spirits abide not to smother or bury good offices ) in quires into the recompence of so loyall a seruice , What honour and dignity bath beene done to Mordecai for this ? Surely Mordecai did but his duty ; he had hainously sinned , if hee had not reuealed this wicked trechery ; yet Ahasuerus takes thought for his remuneratiō : How much more carefull art thou , ô God of all mercies , to reward the weake obediences of thine ( at the best ) vnprofitable seruants ? That which was intended to procure rest , sets it off ; King Ahasuerus is vnquiet in himselfe , to think that so great a merit should lye , but so long , neglected ; neither can he find any peace in himselfe , till hee haue giuen order for a speedy retribution : hearing therefore by his seruants , that Haman was below in the Court , hee sends for him vp , to consult with him , What should be done to the man whom the King delighteth to honour : O maruellous concurrence of circumstances , drawne together by the infinite vvisedome , and power of the Almighty : Who but Haman should be the man ? And vvhen should Haman bee called to aduise of Mordecaies honour , but in the very instant , vvhen hee came to sue for Mordecaies hanging ? Had Ahasuerus but slept that night , Mordecai had beene that morning aduanced fifty cubits higher then the earth , ere the king could haue remembred to vvhō he vvas beholden . What shall vvee say then to reconcile these crosse-passions in Ahasuerus ? Before he signed that decree of killing all the Iewes , hee could not but know that a Iew had saued his life ; and now , after that he hath enacted the slaughter of all Iewes , as rebels , he is giuing order to honour a Iew , as his preseruer . It were strange if great persons in the multitude of their distractions should not let fall some incongruities . Yet , vvho can but think that king Ahasuerus meant vpon some second thoughts to make amends to Mordecai ? neither can he choose but put these two together ; The Iewes are appointed to death , at the suit of Haman ; This Mordecai is a Iew ; how then can I doe more grace to him , that hath saued my life , then to command him to be honored by that man who vvould spill his ? When Haman heard himselfe called vp to the bed-chamber of his master , he thinks himselfe too happy in so early an oportunity of presenting his suit ; but yet more in the pleasing question of Ahasuerus ; vvherein he could not but imagine that fauour forced it selfe vpon him vvith strange importunity ; For how could hee conceiue that any intention of more then ordinary honor could fall besides himselfe ? Selfe-loue , like to a good stomach , drawes to it selfe what nourishment it likes ; and casts off that which offends it . Haman will bee sure to bee no niggard in aduising those ceremonies of honour , which he thinkes meant to his owne person . Could hee haue once dreamed that this grace had been purposed to any vnder heauen , besides himselfe , he had not beene so lauish in counselling so pompous a shew of excessiue magnificence . Now the Kings owne royall apparell , and his owne Steed is not sufficient , except the royall Crowne also make vp the glory of him , who shall thus triumph in the kings fauour . Yet all this were nothing in base hands : The actor shall be the best part of this great pageant . Let this apparell , and this horse , be deliuered to one of the Kings most noble Princes , that they may aray the man withall , whom the King delighteth to honour , and bring him on horse backe through the streets of the City , and proclaime before him , Thus shall it be done to the man whom the King delighteth to honour . Honour is more in him that giues , then him that receiues it : To be honoured by the vnworthy is little better then disgrace ; No meaner person will serue to attend this Agagite , in his supposed greatnesse , then one of the noblest Princes . The ambition is too high flowne that seekes glory in the seruility of equals . The place addes much to the act ; There is small hart in a concealed honour ; It is nothing vnlesse the streets of the city Shushan be witnesses of this pompe , and ring with that gracious acclamation . The vaine harts of proud men can easily deuise those meanes , whereby they may best set out themselues . Oh that wee could equally affect the meanes of true and immortall glory . The heart of man is neuer so cold within him , as when from the height of the expectation of good , it falls into a sudden sense of euill : So did this Agagites . Then the King sayd to Haman , make hast , and take the apparell , and the horse , as thou hast said , and doe euen so to Mordecai the Iew , that sitteth at the Kings gate ; Let nothing faile of all that thou hast said . How was Haman thunder-stricken with this killing word ? Doe thou so to Mordecai ? I dare say all the honors that Ahasuerus had heaped vpon Haman , cannot counteruaile this one vexation : Doubtlesse , at first , he distrusts his eare , and then muzes whether the King be in earnest ; at last , when he heares the charge so seriously doubled , and findes himselfe forced to beleeue it , hee beginnes to thinke , What meanes this vnconceiuable alteration ? Is there no man in all the Court of Persia to bee pickt out for extraordinary honor , but Mordecai ? Is there no man to bee pickt out for the performance of this honour to him , but Haman ? haue I but one proud enemie in all the world , and am I singled out to grace him ? Did it gall me to the heart , and make all my happinesse tedious vnto mee , to see that this Iew would not bow to me , & must I now bow to him ? That which he would rather dye , and forfait the life of all his nation , then doe to mee , notwithstanding the Kings command ; shall I bee forced by the Kings command to doe vnto him ? Yea , did hee refuse to giue but a cap , and a knee to my greatnesse ; and must I lacquay so base a fellow through the streets , must I be his herald to proclaime his honour through all Shushan ? Why doe I not let the King know the insolent affronts that hee hath offered me ? Why doe I not signifie to my Soueraigne , that my errand now was for another kinde of aduancement to Mordecai ? If I obtaine not my desired reuenge , yet , at least , I shall preuaile so far , as to exempt my selfe from this officious attendance vpon so vnequall an enemy . And yet , that motiō cānot be now safe ; I see the Kings heart is ( vpon what groūd so euer ) bent vpon this action ; should I flye off neuer so little ( after my word so directly passed ) perhaps my coldnesse , or opposition might be construed as some wayward contestation with my master : Especially , since the seruice that Mordecai hath done to the King , is of an higher nature , then the despight which he hath done to mee . I will , I must giue way for the time ; mine humble yeeldance , ( when all the cariage of this businesse shall bee vnderderstood ) shal ( I doubt not ) make way for mine intended reuenge : Mordecai , I will honor thee now , that by these steps , I may ere long raise thee many cubits higher . I will obey the command of my soueraigne in obseruing thee , that he may reward the merit of my loyalty , in thine execution . Thus resolued , Haman goes forth , with a face and heart full of distraction , full of confusion ; and addresses himselfe to the attyring , to the attending of his old aduersary , and new master , Mordecai ; What lookes doe we now think were cast vpō each other , at their first greeting ? their eyes had not forgotten their old language ; Certainly , when Mordecai saw Haman come into the roome where he was , he could not but thinke ; This man hath long thirsted for my blood , and now hee comes to fetch it ; I shall not liue to see the successe of Esther , or the fatall day of my nation : It was knowne that morning in the Court , what a lofty gibbet Haman had prouided for Mordecai ; and why might it not haue comne to Mordecaies eare ? What could he therefore now imagine other , then that he was called out to that execution ? But , when he saw the royall robe that Haman brought to him ; he thinks , Is it not enough for this man to kill mee , but he must mock me too , What an addition is this to the former cruelty ? thus to insult , and play vpon my last distresse ? But , when he yet saw the royall crowne ready to be set on his head , and the Kings owne horse richly furnished , at his gate , and found himselfe raised by Princely hands , into that royall seat , he thinks ; what may all this meane ? Is it the purpose of mine aduersary that I shal dye in state ? Would he haue me hangd in triumph ? At last , when hee sees such a traine of Persian Peeres attending him , with a graue reuerence ; and heares Haman proclaime before him , Thus shall it bee done to the man whom the King delighteth to honour ; finding this pompe to be serious , & well meant , hee imagines ( in all likelihood ) that this inexpected chāge proceeds from the suit of his Esther ; now , he begins to lift vp his head , and to hope well of himselfe , and his people , and could not but say within himselfe , that he had not fasted for nothing . O the wondrous alteration that one morning hath made in the court of Persia ; he that was yesternight despised by Hamans footmen , is now waited on by Haman , and all his fellow-Princes ; Hee that yester-night had the homage of all knees but one , and was ready to burst for the lacke of that , now doth obeysance to that one , by whom hee was wilfully neglected ; It was not Ahasuerus that wrought this strange mutation , it was the ouer-ruling power of the Almighty , whose immediate hād would thus preuent Esthers suit , that he might challenge all the thanke to himselfe . Whiles Princes haue their owne wills , they must doe his ; and shall either exalt , or depresse according to diuine appointment . I should commend Hamans obedience in his humble condiscent to so vnpleasing , and harsh a command of his master , were it not , that either he durst doe no other , or that hee thus stoopt for an aduantage . It is a thanklesse respect that is either forced , or for ends : True subiection is free and absolute ; out of the conscience of duty , not out of feares , or hopes . All Shushan is in an amaze at this sudden glory of Mordecai , and studies how to reconcile this day with the thirteenth of Adar ; Mordecai had reason to hope well ; It could not stand with the honour of the King , to kill him whom he saw cause to aduance ; neither could this be any other , then the beginning of a durable promotion ; otherwise , what recompence had at houres riding beene to so great a seruice ? On the other side , Haman droupes , and hath changed passions with Mordecai ; Neither was that Iew euer more deeply afflicted with the decree of his owne death , then this Agagite was with that Iewes honour . How heauy doth it lye at Hamans heart , that no tongue , but his , might serue to proclaime Mordecai happy : Euen the greatest mignons of the world must haue their turnes of sorrow . With a couered head , and a deiected countenance , doth hee hasten home , and longs to impart his griefe , where he had receiued his aduice : It was but cold comfort that hee finds from his wife Zeresh , and his friends . If Mordecai be of the seed of the Iewes , before whom thou hast begunne to fall , thou shalt not preuaile against him , but shalt surely fall before him : Out of the mouth of Pagans , O God , hast thou ordained strength , that thou maist still the enemy , and the auenger . What credit hath thy great name won with these barbarous nations , that they can out of all experience make maximes of thine vndoubted protection of thy people , and the certaine ruine of their aduersaries ? Men finde no difference in themselues ; the face of a Iew lookes so like other mens , that Esther and Mordecai were not ( of long ) taken for what they were : He that made them , makes the distinction betwixt them ; so as a Iew may fall before a Persian , & get vp , and preuaile ; but if a Persian ( or whosoeuer of the Gentiles ) begin to fall before a Iew , he can neither stay , nor rise : There is an inuisible hand of omnipotency that strikes in for his owne , and confounds their opposites . O God , neither is thine hand shortned , nor thy bowels straitned in thee ; thou art still and euer thy selfe ; If wee be thy true spirituall Israel , neither earth nor hell shall preuaile against vs ; we shall either stand sure , or surely rise , whiles our enemies shall lick the dust . HAMAN hanged . MORDECAI aduanced . HAmans day is now comne ; That vengeāce which hath hitherto slept , is now awake , and rouzeth vp it selfe to a iust execution ; That heauy morning was but the preface to his last sorrow , and the sad presage of his friends is verified in the speaking ; While the word was in their mouthes , the messengers were at the doore to fetch Haman to his funerall-banquet . How little do we know what is towards vs ? As the fishes that are taken in an euill net , and as the birds that are caught in the snare , so are the sonnes of men snared in an euill time , when it falleth suddenly vpon them . It was ( as Haman conceiued ) the onely priuiledge of his dearnesse , and the comfort of his present heauinesse , that he only was called with the King , to Esthers banquet , when this onely was meant for his bane : The face of this inuitation was faire , and promised much ; and now the ingenuous man begins to set good constructions vpon all euents . Surelv ( thinkes he ) the King was tyed in his honor to giue some publique gratification to Mordecai ; so good an office could deserue no lesse , then an houres glory ; But little doth my master know what termes there are betwixt me , and Mordecai ; had he fully vnderstood the insolencies of this Iew , and should notwithstanding haue inioined me to honour him , I might haue had iust cause to complaine of disgrace , and disparagement ; but now , since all this businesse hath beene caried in ignorance , and casualty , vvhy doe I wrong my selfe in being too much affected vvith that vvhich was not ill meant ? Had either the King , or Queene , abated ought of their fauour to mee , I might haue dined at home ; now this renued inuitation argues me to stand right in the grace of both : And why may not I hope , this day , to meet with a good occasion of my desired reuenge ? How iust will it seeme to the King , that the same man whō he hath publikely rewarded for his loyalty , should now bee publiquely punished for his disobedience ? With such like thoughts Haman cheares vp himselfe ; and addresses himselfe to the royall banquet , with a coūtenāce that wold fain seem to forget his mornings taske : Esther workes her face to an vnwilling smile vpon that hatefull guest ; and the King ( as not guilty of any indignity that he hath put vpon his fauorite ) frames himselfe to as much cheerfulness , as his want of rest would permit . The table is royally furnished with all delicate confections , with all pleasing liquors : King Ahasuerus so eates , as one that both knew hee was , and meant to make himselfe , welcome : Haman so poures in , as one that meant to drowne his cares ; And now , in this fulnesse of cheere , the King hungers for that long-delayed suit of Queene Esther ; Thrice , hath he graciously call'd for it ; and ( as a man constāt to his owne fauours ) thrice hath he , in the same words vowed the performance of it , though to the halfe of his Kingdome : It falls out oftentimes , that when large promises fall suddenly from great persons , they abate by leisure ; and shrinke vpon cold thoughts ; here King Ahasuerus is not more liberall in his offer , then firme in his resolutions ; as if his first word had beene , like his law , vnalterable . I am ashamed to misse that steddinesse in Christians , which I finde in a Pagan . It was a great word that he had said , yet he eates it not , as ouer-lauishly spoken : but doubles , and trebbles it with hearty assurances of a reall prosecution ; whiles those tongues which professe the name of the true God , say , and vnsay at pleasure ; recanting their good purposes , contradicting their owne iust ingagements vpon no cause , but their owne changeablenesse . It is not for Queene Esther to driue off any longer , the same wisedome that taught her to deferre her suit , now teaches her to propound it ; A well chosen season is the greatest aduantage of any action ; which as it is seldome found in hast , so is too often lost in delay : Now therefore with an humble and gracefull obeysance , and with a countenance ful of modest feare , and sad grauity , she so deliuers her petition , that the King might see , it was necessity that both forc't it vpon her , & wrung it from her . If I haue found fauour in thy sight O King , and if it please the King , let my life bee giuen me at my petition , and my people at my request : Epectation is either a friend or an enemy , according to the occasion : Ahasuerus lookt for some high and difficult boon ; now , that he heares his Queene beg for her life , it could not bee , but that the surplusage of his loue to her must be turned into fury against her aduersary ; and his zeale must bee so much more to her , as her suit was more meek & humble . For we are sold , I and my people , to be destroyed , to be slaine , and to perish ; but if we had beene sold for bondmen , & bondwome , I had held my tongue , although the enemy could not counteruaile the Kings damage . Crafty men are sometimes choaked with their owne plots . It was the profer of ten thousand talents wherewith Haman hoped both to purchase his intended reuenge , and the reputation of a worthy patriot ; that summe is now laid in his dish , for a iust argument of malicious corruption ; for , well might Esther plead ; If wee Iewes deserued death , what needed our slaughter to be bought out ? and if we deserued it not , what horrible cruelty was it to set a price vpon innocent blood ? It is not any offence of ours , it is the only despight of an enemy that hath wrought our destruction . Besides , now it appeares the King was abused by mis-information ; the aduersary suggested that the life of the Iewes could not stand with the Kings profit ; whereas their very bondage should bee more damage to the state , thē all Hamans worth could counteruaile . Truth may bee smothered , but it cannot dye ; it may be disguised , but it will bee knowne ; it may bee suppressed , but it will triumph . But what shall wee say to so harsh an aggrauation ? Could Esther haue beene silent in a case of decreed bondage ; who is now so vehement in a case of death ? Certainly , to a generous nature , death is farre more easie then bondage ; why would she haue indured the greater , and yet so abhorres the lesse ? Was it for that the Iewes were already too well inured to captiuity ; and those euils are more tolerable wherewith wee are acquainted : Or , was it , for that there may be hopes in bondage , none in death ? Surely , either of them were lamentable , and such as might deserue her humblest deprecation . The Queene was going on , to haue said , But , alas , nothing will satisfie our bloody enemie , saue the vtter extirpation of mee , and my nation ; when the impatient rage of the King interrupts her sentence in the midst , and ( as if he had heard too much already , and could too easily supply the residue of her cōplaint ) snatches the word out of her mouth , with a furious demand ; Who is he , and where is he that durst presume in his heart to doe so ? It was the interest of Queene Esthers person that raised this storme in Ahasuerus ; set that aside , how quietly , how merily was the determined massacre of the Iewes formerly digested ? Actions haue not the same face when we looke vpon them with contrary affections . Now Queene Esther musters vp her inward forces , and with an vndaunted courage , fixing her angry eyes vpon that hated Agagite , shee saies , The aduersary , and enemy is this wicked Haman . The word was loath to come forth , but it strikes home at the last . Neuer till now did Haman heare his true title ; Before some had stiled him , noble ; others great ; some , magnificent , and some perhaps , vertuous ; onely Esther giues him his owne , wicked Haman ; Ill-deseruing greatnesse doth in vaine promise to it selfe a perpetuitie of applause : If our waies be foule , the time shall come , when after all vaine flattery , after all our momentanie glory , our sins shall be ript vp ; and our iniquities laid before vs to our vtter confusion . With what consternation did Haman now stand ? How doe we thinke he lookt to heare himselfe thus enstyled , thus accused , yea , thus condemned ? Certainly , death was in his face , and horror in euery of his ioynts ; no sense , no limme knowes his office : Faine would he speake , but his tongue falters , and his lips tremble ; faine would he make apologies vpon his knees , but his hart failes him ; and tells him the euidence is too great , and the offence aboue all pardon : Onely guiltinesse , and feare look through his eyes vpon the enraged countenance of his master ; which now bodes nothing to him but reuenge , and death . In what a passionate distemper doth this banquet shut vp ? King Ahasuerus flyes from the table , as if hee had beene hurried away with a tempest . His wrath is too great to come forth at his mouth ; onely his eye tels Haman that he hates to see him , & vowes to see his dispatch : For solitarinesse , and not for pleasure , doth hee now walke into his garden ; and thinkes with himselfe ; What a monster haue I fauoured ? Is it possible that so much cruelty and presumption should harbour in a brest that I thought ingenuous ? Could I bee so bewitched as to passe so bloody a decree ? Is my credulity thus abused by the trecherous subtilty of a miscreant whom I trusted ? I confesse it was my weake rashnesse to yeeld vnto so prodigious a motion , but it was the villany of this Agagite , to circumuent me by false suggestions ; He shall pay for my error ; the world shall see , that as I exceeded in grace , so I wil not come short in iustice . Haman , thy guilty blood shall expiate that innocent blood , which thy malice might haue shed . In the meane time , Haman , so soone as euer he could recouer the qualme of his astonishment , finding himselfe left alone with Queene Esther , looseth no time , spareth no breath to mitigate her anger , which had made way to his destruction . Doubtlesse , with many vowes , and teares , and deierations , he labours to cleare his intentions to her person ; bewailing his danger , imploring her mercy , confessing the vniust extent of his malice , profering indeauors of satisfaction : Wretched man that I am , I am condemned before I speake , and when I haue spoken , I am condemned : Vpon thy sentence , O Queene , I see death awaits for me , in vaine shall I seeke to auoid it ; It is thy will that I should perish ; but let that little breath I haue left , acquit me so farre with thee , as to call heauen and earth to record , that in regard of thee , I dye innocent : It is true that mine impetuous malice miscarried me against the nation of the Iewes , for the sake of one stubborne offender ; but did I know there was the least drop of Israelitish blood in thy sacred person ? could I suspect that Mordecai , or that people , did ought concerne thee ? Let not one death be enough for me if I would euer haue entertained any thought of euill against nation , or man , that should haue cost but a frowne from thee : All the court of Persia can sufficiently witnesse how I haue magnified and adored thee , euer since the royall crowne was set on thy head ; neither did I euer faile to doe thee all good offices vnto that my Soueraigne Master , whom thou hast now mortally incensed against me . O Queene , no hand can saue my life , but thine , that hath as good as bereaued it : show mercy to him , that neuer meant but loyalty to thee : As euer thou wouldst oblige an humble and faithfull vassall to thee , as euer thou vvouldst honour thy name , and sexe , with the praise of tender compassion , take pitty vpon me , and spare that life vvhich shall be vowed to thy seruice : and , wheras thy displeasure may iustly alledge against mee that rancorous plot for the extirpation of that people , vvhom I , too late , know to be thine , let it suffice that I hate , I curse mine owne cruelty ; and onely vpon that condition shall beg the repriuall of my life , that I shall worke , and procure by thy gracious ayd , a full defeazance of that vniust execution . O let fall vpon thy despairing seruant one word of fauour to my displeased Master , that I may yet liue . Whiles hee vvas speaking to this purpose , hauing prostrate himselfe ( for the more humilitie ) before the queene , and spread his armes in a vehement imploration vp to her bed ; the King comes in , and , as not vnwilling to misconstrue the posture of him , vvhom he now hated , saies , what , will hee force the Queene also before me in the house ? That vvhich Haman meant as an humble suppliant , is interpreted as from a presumptuous offender ; How oftmight he haue done so , and more , vvhiles he vvas in fauour , vncensured ? Actions are not the same vvhen the man alters . As charity makes a good sense of doubtfull occurrents , so preiudice and displeasure takes all things ( though well-meant ) at the vvorst . It is an easie thing to picke a quarrell , vvhere vve intend a mischiefe . The wrath of the King is as a messenger of death : Whiles these vvords were yet in the mouth of Ahasuerus , Haman , in turning his head towards the King , is suddenly muffled for his execution ; he shall no more see either face , or Sun : he shall bee seene no more but as a spectacle of shame , and horror : and now he thinkes , Wo is me whose eyes serue me onely to foresee the approch of a dishonourable , and painfull death ! what am I the better to haue been great ? O that I had neuer beene , Oh that I could not be : How too truly haue Zeresh and my friends foretold me of this heauy destiny ? Now am I ready to feele what it is that I meant to thousands of innocents ; I shall dye with paine and ignominie : Oh that the conscience of mine intended murder could die with me . It is no maruel if wicked men find nothing but vtter discomforts in their end : rather then faile , their former happinesse shall ioyne with their imminent miseries , to torment thē . It is the iust iudgement of God that presumptuous sinners shold be swallowed vp of those euills , which they would not feare ; Happy is that man , who hath grace to fore-see , and auoyd those waies , which will lead him to a perfect confusion . Happy is hee that hath so liued that hee can either welcome death as a friend , or defie it as an enemy . Who was euer the better for fauour past ? those that had before kissed the feet , and smiled in the face of Haman , are now as ready to couer his head , and helpe him to the gallowes . Harbonah one of the Chamberlaines , seasonably tells the King how stately a gibbet Haman had newly set vp for well-deseruing Mordecai , within his owne palace . I heare not one man open his mouth to intercede for the offender , to pacifie the King , to excuse or lesse the fact ; euery one is ready to pull him down that is falling , to trample on him that is downe ; yet no doubt , there were some of these Courtiers whom Haman had obliged ; Had the cause been better , thus it would haue beene . Euery curre is ready to fall vpon the dog that he sees werryed ; But here , it was the iust hand of God to set off all hearts from a man that had beene so vnreasonably mercilesse ; and to raise vp enemies ( euen among friēds ) to him , that had professed enmity to Gods Church : So let thine enemies perish , ô Lord , vnsuccored , vnpitied . Then the King said , hang him thereon : There can bee no truer iustice then in retaliation ; who can complaine of his own measure : Behold the wicked trauaileth with iniquity , and hath conceiued mischiefe , and brought forth falshood . He made a pit and digged it , & is falne into the ditch that hee made . His mischiefe shall returne vpon his owne head , and his violent dealing shal come downe vpon his owne pate . There hangs Haman , in more reproch , then euer he stood in honor ; and Mordecai ( who is now first knowne for what hee was ) succeeds his fauour , and changes inheritances with his enemy ; for whiles Haman inherits the gibbet of Mordecai , Mordecai inherits the house and honor of Haman . O Lord , let the malice of the wicked come to an end , but establish thou the iust . One houre hath changed the face of the Persian Court ; what stability is there in earthly greatnesse ? He who in the morning all knees bowed vnto , as more then a man , now hangs vp like a despised vermin , for a prey to the rauens : He , who this morning was destin'd to the gallowes , now rules ouer Princes ; neither was it for nothing , that hee this day rode in triumph : The Kings ring that was taken from Haman , is now giuen to Mordecai , as the pledge of his authority ; and hee that euen now sate in the gate , is called vp next to the throne . Wickednesse , and honest innocence haue now payd their debts to both their clients . Little ioy would it yet haue been to Esther , that her enemy was dead , her kinsman aduanced , if still her people must for all this expect their fatall day : Her next suit therfore is for the safety of her nation , in the countermand of that bloody decree , which Haman had obtained against them : That which was surrepticiously gotten , and rashly giuen , is so much more gladly reuersed ; by how much mercy is more pleasing to a good nature , then cruell iniustice . Mordecai hath power to endite , seale , send out letters of fauor to the Iewes , which were causlesly sentenced to the slaughter . If a Persian law might not be reuersed , yet it might be countercharged : Mordecai may not write , Let no Iew be slaine , he may write , Let the Iewes meet , and stand for their liues against those that would slay them . This command flyes after the former , so fast , as if it would ouer-take that , which it cannot recall ; The Iewes are reuiued with this happy tydings , that they may haue protection as well as enmity ; that authority will not be their executioner ; that their owne hands are allowed to be their auengers . Who would imagine that after publike notice of this alteratiō at the Court ; when the world could not choose but know the malicious ground of that wrongfull edict , the shamefull death of the procurer , the power of the party opposite ; any one should be found , throughout all the prouinces , that would once lift vp his hand against a Iew ? that , with his owne danger , would indeauor to execute a controlled decree ? The Church of God should cease to bee it selfe , if it wanted malicious persecution ; there needs no other quarrell thē the name , the religion of Israel . Notwithstanding the known fauour of the King , and the patronage of Mordecai , the thirteenth of Adar is meant to be a bloody day ; Haman hath too many abettors in the Persian dominions ; these ioyne together to performe that sentence , whereof the author repented : The Iewes take hart to defend themselues , to kill their murtherers . All the prouinces are turn'd into a field of ciuill war ; wherein innocence vanquisheth malice . The Iewes are victors , & not onely are aliue , but are feared ; the most resist them not , many assist them , & some become theirs : The countenance of the great leads the world at pleasure ; feare of authority swayes thousands that are not guilty of a consciēce . Yea , besides the liberty of defence , the Iewes are now made their owne Iusticers ; That there may be none left from the loynes of that accursed Agagite , ( who wold haue left none of the Iewish seed ) they slay the ten sons of Haman ; & obtaine new daies of further executions ; Neither can death satisfie their reuēge ; those ten sons of Haman shall , in their very carcasses beare the reproach of their father , and hang aloft vpon his gallowes . Finally , no man doth , no man dares frowne vpon a Iew ; they are now becomne Lords in the midst of their captiuity ; no maruell if they ordaine , and celebrate their ioyfull Purim , for a perpetuall memory , to all posterities , of their happy deliuerance . It were pity that the Church of God should not haue sun-shines , as well as stormes , and should not meet with interchanges of ioy in their warfare , before they enter vpon the vnchangeable ioy of their endlesse triumph . FINIS . Post-script to the READER . I May not but tell my Reader , there was a mistaking in the Post-script of my late large volume ; Wherein the Printer vndertooke the Authors promise , to publish no more , till he should finish his whole labour , in a full second Tome . Whereas I onely yeelded , for the incouragement of the buyer , to adde nothing to the first . Should these haue stayed the leasure of my meditations vpon the new Testament ; Some readers would haue complained to bee held too long fasting ; Euen this small intermissiō hath beene call'd on with no small importunity of many ; whose suggestion was no other then iust ; that , as on the one side I might prouide for the ease of many buyers by an entire publication : So , on the other side , I should discontent no fewer , who hauing furnished themselues with the seuerall volumes of my Contemplations already published , should be forced to breake the sute , and to want the remaining parts . Out of these considerations , I was not vnwilling to send forth these thoughts , after their fellowes ; beseeching my reader not to hasten his expectation of my labours vpon the residue of the new Testament , which , vpon some priuate reasons , haue resolued to pace more slowly towards the publike light . God make these , and them , as profitable , as they are well meant to the Common good . Faults of the Presse . For Read Page Line hostilely holily 74 1 succeed succeeded 248 12 goale gaole 314 16 euer euery 333 7 with wish 363 4 when where 426 vlt. attendants attendance 433 14 commination crimination 440 10 threats throates 468 11 at an 534 1 Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A02532-e470 2 Kings 8. 2 Kings 9. 2 Kings 27 Iob 21. 2 Kings 10. 2 Kings 11 , & 12. And 2 Chron. 23. & 24. 2 Kings 13. 2 Chro. 26 And 2 King , 15. Vzziah , Azariah . 2 King. 16. 2 Chr. 28. 19. 2 Chr. 28. 20. 2 King. 17. 2 Kings 18. and 19. 2 King. 20. 2 King. 21. And 2 Chor. 33. 2 King. 22. And 23. 2. Chro 34. 3. Deut. 31. 26. 1 Kin. 13. 2 2 King. 23. vers 29. And 2 Chro. 35. vers 20. 2 Chr. 36. Notes for div A02532-e17960 Esay 44 vlt Besides seruants 7337. * Surnamed Long-hand . * The windfull . Nehemiah 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , Chapt. Ezee. 33. 6. Ester 1 , 2. Ester 3. 4. Ex. 17. 16. Deu. 25. 19. Esther . 5. Esther . 6. Esther 7. 8. Eccles. 9. 12 Psal . 7. 14.