Short memorials of Thomas Lord Fairfax written by himself.

THE Lord Fairfax's MEMORIALS .

SHORT MEMORIALS OF THOMAS Lord Fairfax .

Written by Himself .

LONDON : Printed for Ri. Chiswell , and are to be Sold at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church-yard , 1699.

TO THE Right Honourable THOMAS Lord FAIRFAX . MY LORD ,

IT is with Your Lordship's leave , that this short Manuscript of my Lord Fairfax , Your Noble Predecessor , is now Printed from the Original , written in his own Hand , and left in Your Study at Denton in Yorkshire ; for it was never intended by him , to be Published , but to remain for the Satisfaction of his own Relations .

But of late something has hapned , which in the judgment of Your Lordship , and many other Persons of Condition , makes it necessary that these Papers should be sent to the Press ; which is now done , without any Material Alterations from the Original , but only by placing them in the natural order of Time.

Tho' no Copy was ever taken by Your Lordship's Consent , yet I know not how , some imperfect Ones are got into other Hands . And this being an Age , wherein every Man presumes to Print what he pleases , of his own , or other Mens , we are plainly told , That my Lord Fairfax's Memorials are ready to be Published ; and by the very same Person , who has lately set forth some Memoirs , wherein his Lordship is scarce ever nam'd but with Reproach ; not to be excused by what the Editor himself confesses , That the Author was much out of humour when he writ the Book .

My Lord Fairfax's True Character is better known to many Wise and Good Men , than to be blemished by such envious Detractions . Nor can his Reputation thereby suffer with any who were acquainted with his Person , and the true Intentions of his Actions , and knew him in the latter part of his Life .

His great Misfortune , and so he accounted it , was to be engaged in the Unhappy Wars , whereof he desired no other Memorial than the Act of Oblivion ; which few that ever needed , better deserved .

It cannot be denied , but as a Soldier , his Life would furnish as Noble a Memoir as the Age has produced , from the time that he began with a Troop of Horse , and a few undisciplined Forces in the North , to his being General of a Victorious Army in the South ; which he Governed , not as a Cypher , but with great Prudence and Conduct , in Councils of War , as well as animated by his Personal Courage in the Field , as long as they had any Enemy to oppose them .

But after that , they broke into Factions , and were over-run with Enthusiasm , and became Vngovernable by their General , when they chose their own Agitators , and were managed by Men of the deepest Dissimulation and Hypocrisie : by whose fair but treacherous Promises , some Greater than Himself , were deceived to their own Ruin.

That most Tragical and Deplorable part of the Civil War , the Death of the King , he utterly from his Soul abhorred , and lamented to his dying day ; and never mentioned it but with Tears in his Eyes .

The retired part of his Life gave him greater Satisfaction than all his former Victories , when he lived quietly at his own House at Nun-Appleton in Yorkshire ; always earnestly wishing and praying for the Restitution of the Royal Family , and fully resolved to lay hold on the first good Opportunity to contribute his part towards it ; which made him always lookt upon with a jealous eye by the Usurpers of that time .

As soon as he was invited by General Monk to assist him against Lambert's Army , he cheerfully embraced the Occasion , and appeared at the Head of a brave Body of Gentlemen of Yorkshire ; and upon the Reputation and Authority of his Name , the Irish Brigade of Twelve Thousand Horse forsook Lambert's Army , and joyned with him ; the Consequence was the immediate breaking of all Lambert's Forces , which gave General Monk an easy March into England .

This was always acknowledged , not only by General Monk , but by the King himself , as a signal Testimony of his Zeal to make amends for what was past , and of the very considerable Assistance he gave towards the restoring the Royal Family .

After he had waited on his Majesty in Holland , as one of the Commissioners sent to invite him home , and had seen the King establish'd on his Throne , he retired again into his own Country , where he died in Peace , in the 60th Year of his Age , Anno 1671. leaving behind him his only Daughter , the Lady Mary Dutchess of Buckingham .

I shall now say no more of him , but , That so long as Unfeigned Piety towards God , Invincible Courage , joyned with wonderful Modesty , and exceeding Good Nature : Justice and Charity to all men in his private Life ; and an Ingenuous Acknowledgment of his Publick Error , with hearty Endeavours to make Reparation , as soon as he was convinced of it , shall be esteemed in the World : So long shall the Name of my Lord Fairfax be honoured by good Men , and be had in perpetual Remembrance .

Your Lordship had the good fortune to be born after the Storms and Tempests of that Age : But you have had the Honour to appear eminently in defence of our Religion , and Civil Rights , in this last happy Revolution , as your Noble Predecessor did at the Restoration .

My LORD , Apr. 22. 1699. I am Your most affectionate Uncle , and humble Servant , Brian Fairfax .

A short MEMORIAL of the Northern Actions in which I was engag'd , during the War there , from the Year 1642 , to the Year 1644.

IN Gratitude to God for his many Mercies and Deliverances , and not to deprive my self of the Comfort of their Remembrance , I shall set down , as they come into my Mind , those things wherein I have found the wonderful Assistance of God to me in the Time of the War in the North ; though not in that methodical and polish'd Manner as might have been done , being intended only for my own Satisfaction , and help of my Memory .

My Father was call'd forth by the Importunity of his Country to join with them in their own Defence , which was confirm'd by a Commission from the Parliament .

The first Action we had was at Bradford . We were about three hundred Men , the Enemy seven or eight hundred , and two Pieces of Ordnance . They assaulted us ; We drew out close to the Town to receive them ; They had the Advantage of the Ground , the Town being encompassed with Hills , which exposed us more to their Cannon , from which we receiv'd some Hurt ; but our Men defended those Passages by which they were to descend , so well , that they got no ground of us ; and now the day being spent , they drew off , and retired to Leeds .

A few days after , Captain Hotham with three Troops of Horse , and some Dragoons , came to us : Then We march'd to Leeds ; but the Enemy having Notice of it , quitted the Town , and in haste fled to York .

We advanc'd to Tadcaster , eight Miles from York , that we might have more room , and be less burthensome to Our Friends ; and being increased to one thousand Men , it was thought fit that we should keep the Pass at Wetherby , for the securing of the West-Riding , or the greatest part of it , from whence our chief Supplies came .

I was sent to Wetherby with three hundred Foot , and forty Horse ; The Enemy's next design from York , was to fall upon my Quarters there , being a Place very open , and easy for them to assault , there being so many back-ways , and Friends enough to direct them , and give them intelligence .

About six a clock one morning they fell upon us with eight hundred Horse and Foot , the Woods thereabout favouring them so much , that Our Scouts had no notice of them , and no Allarm was given till they were ready to enter the Town : Which they might easily do , the Guards being all asleep in Houses ; for in the beginning of the War , Men were as impatient of Duty , as they were ignorant of it .

I my self was only on Horseback , and going out of the other End of the Town to Tadcaster , where my Father lay , when one came running after me , and told me the Enemy was entring the Town ; I presently galloped to the Court of Guard , where I found not above four Men at their Arms , as I remember * , two Serjeants , and two Pikemen , who stood with me when Sir Thomas Glenham , with about six or seven Commanders more , charged us ; and after a short , but sharp Encounter , they retired , in which one Major Carr was slain ; and by this time more of the Guards were got to their Arms. I must confess I knew no Strength but the powerful Hand of God that gave them this Repulse .

After this they made another Attempt , in which Captain Atkinson ( on our part ) was slain : And here again there fell out another remarkable Providence , during this Conflict , our Magazine was blown up . This struck such a Terror into the Enemy , believing we had Cannon , which they were before inform'd we had not , that they instantly retreated ; And though I had but a few Horse , we pursued the Enemy some Miles , and took many Prisoners : We lost about eight or ten Men , whereof seven were blown up with Powder ; the Enemy lost many more .

At this time the Earl of Cumberland Commanded the Forces in York-shire for the King ; He being of a peaceable Nature , and affable Disposition , had but few Enemies ; or rather , because he was an Enemy to few , he did not suit with their present Condition . Their Apprehensions and Fears caused them to send to the Earl of Newcastle , who had an Army of six thousand Men , to desire his Assistance , whereof he assured them by a speedy March to York .

Being now encouraged by this increase of Force , they resolv'd to fall upon Tadcaster . My Father drew all his Men thither ; but , in a Council of War the Town was judged untenable , and that we should draw out to an advantagious piece of Ground , by the Town ; But before we could all march out , the Enemy advanced so fast , that we were necessitated to leave some Foot in a slight Work above the Bridge , to secure our Retreat , but the Enemy pressing on us , forced us to draw back , to maintain that Ground .

We had about nine hundred Men , the Enemy above four thousand , who in Brigades drew up close to the Works , and storm'd us . Our Men reserv'd their shot , till they came near , which they did then dispose of to so good purpose , that the Enemy was forced to retire , and shelter themselves behind the Hedges . And here did the first Fight continue from Eleven a Clock at Noon , till Five at Night , with Cannon and Musquet , without intermission .

They had once possessed a House by the Bridge , which would have cut us from our Reserves that were in the Town , but Major General Gifford with a Commanded Party , beat them out again , where many of the Enemy were slain , and taken Prisoners . They attempted an another Place , but were repulsed by Captain Lister , who was there slain , a great Loss , being a Discreet Gentleman .

By this time it grew dark , and the Enemy drew off into the Fields hard by , with intention to assault us again the next day .

They left that Night above two hundred dead and wounded upon the Place . But our Ammunition being all spent in this day's Fight , we drew off that Night , and marched to Selby , and the Enemy entred the next Morning into the Town .

Thus by the Mercy of God were a few delivered from an Army , who in their thoughts had swallowed us up .

The Earl of Newcastle now lay betwixt us and our Friends in the West-Riding ; but to assist and encourage them I was sent with about three hundred Foot , and three Troops of Horse , and some Arms to Bradford : I was to go by Ferry-bridge , Our Intelligence being that the Enemy was advanced no further than Sherburne , but when I was within a mile of the Town , we took some Prisoners who told us , my Lord of Newcastle lay at Pontefract , eight hundred Men in Ferry-bridge , and the rest of the Army in all the Towns thereabout : So that our Advance or Retreat seem'd alike difficult . Little time being allowed us to consider , we resolv'd to retreat to Selby : three or four hundred Horse of the Enemy shewed themselves in the Rear , without making any attempt upon us , so that , by the Goodness of God , we got safe to Selby .

Three days after this , upon better Intelligence how the Enemy lay , with the same Number as before , I marched in the Night by several Towns where they lay , and came the next Day to Bradford , a Town very untenable , but for their good affection to us , deserving all we could hazard for them .

Our first Work then was to Fortifie Our selves , for we could not but expect an Assault . There lay at Leeds fifteen hundred of the Enemy , and twelve hundred at Wakefield , neither place above six or seven Miles distant from us . They visited us every Day with their Horse , Ours not going far from the Town , being very unequal in Number : yet the Enemy seldom return'd without Loss , till at last our few Men grew so bold , and theirs so disheartned , that they durst not stir a Mile from their Garisons .

Whilst these daily Skirmishes were among the Horse , I thought it necessary to strengthen our selves with more Foot ; I summon'd the Country , who had by this time more liberty to come to us . I presently Armed them with those Arms we brought along with us ; So that in all we were about eight hundred Foot.

Being too many to lye idle , and too few to be upon constant Duty , we resolv'd through the assistance of God , to attempt them in their Garisons .

We summon'd the Country again , and made a Body of twelve or thirteen hundred Men , with which we marched to Leeds , and drew them up within half Cannon-shot of their Works , in Battalia , and then sent a Trumpet with a Summons to deliver up the Town to me , for the use of King and Parliament . They presently returned this Answer , That it was not civilly done to come so near before I sent the Summons , and that they would defend the Town the best they could with their Lives .

I presently order'd the manner of the Storm , and we all fell on at the same time : The business was hotly disputed for almost two Hours ; but the Enemy being beaten from their Works , and the Barricado's into the Streets forced open , the Horse and Foot resolutely entred , and the Soldiers cast down their Arms , and rendred themselves Prisoners . The Governor and some Chief Officers swam the River and escaped , only Major Beaumont was drowned , about forty or fifty slain , good store of Ammunition taken , of which we had great want .

The Consequence of this Action was yet of more importance ; for those who fled from Leeds to Wakefield , and quitting that Garison also , gave my Lord of Newcastle such an Allarm at Pontefract , that he drew all his Army again to York , leaving once more a free intercourse , which he had so long time cut off , betwixt my Father and us .

After a short time the Earl of Newcastle return'd again to the same Quarters , and we to our stricter Duties . But we quickly found our Men must have more room , or more Action .

Captain Hotham and I took a resolution early one Morning ( from Selby ) to beat up a Quarter of the Enemies that lay at Fenton ; they being gone , we marched to Sherburne , intending there only to give them an Alarm ; but they might see us a Mile or more , over a plain Common , which lay by the Town , and they sent twenty or thirty Horse , to Guard a Pass near the Town ; I had the Van ; for at this time we commanded our Troops distinct one from another , both making five Troops of Horse , and two of Dragoons . I told Captain Hotham , that if he would second me , I would Charge those Horse , and if they fled , I would pursue them so close as to get into the Town with them : He promised to second me ; I went to the Head of my Troops , and presently Charged them , they fled , and we pursued close to the Barricado , but they got in , and shut it upon us : Here my Horse was shot in at the Breast : We so fill'd the Lane , being strait , that we could not Retreat without confusion , and danger of their falling in our Reer , so we stood to it , and Stormed the Works with Pistol and Sword : At the end of the Barricado , there was a narrow passage for a single Horse to go in , I entred there , others following me , one by one ; and close at one side of the Entrance stood a Troop of Horse of the Enemy : So soon as eight or ten of us were got in , We Charged them , and they fled ; by this time the rest of our Men had beat them from their Barricado , and entred the Town : We soon cleared the Streets , and pursued those that fled : And now my Horse which was shot in the Lane , fell down dead under me , but I was presently mounted again .

The Enemy in the Towns about having taken the Alarm , it made us think of securing our Retreat , with the Prisoners we had got , some of them being considerable , among whom was Major General Windham ; We scarce got into order before General Goring came with a good Body of Horse up to us , and as we marched off , he followed us close in the Reer , without doing us any hurt , only my Trumpet had his Horse shot close by me , and thus we returned to Selby .

Though this did not free us wholly from a Potent Enemy , yet we lay more quietly by them a good while after .

In this recess of Action , we had several Treaties about Prisoners ; and this I mention the rather , for that Captain Hotham here first began to discover his intentions of leaving the Parliament's Service , in making Conditions for himself , with the Earl of Newcastle , though it was not discovered till a good while after , which had almost ruin'd my Father , and the Forces with him ; for being now denied help and succour from Hull , and the East-Riding , he was forced to forsake Selby , and retire to Leeds , and those Western Parts where I then lay .

To make good this Retreat , I was sent to , to bring what Men I could to joyn with him at Sherburne , for my Lord of Newcastle's Army lay so as he might easily intercept us in our way to Leeds , which he had determin'd to do , and to that end lay with his Army on Clifford-Moore , having present Intelligence of our March.

Whilst my Father , with fifteen hundred Men , Ordnance , and Ammunition , continued his way from Selby to Leeds ; I with those I brought to Sherburne , marched a little aside , betwixt my Lord of Newcastle's Army and Ours . And to amuse them the more , made an Attempt upon Tadcaster , where they had three or four hundred Men , who presently quit the Town , and fled to York .

Here we stayed three or four hours slighting the Works , which put my Lord Newcastle's Army to a stand , being on their March to meet us , thinking he was deceived in his Intelligence , and that we had some other design upon York ; He presently sends back the Lord Goring with twenty Troops of Horse and Dragoons to relieve Tadcaster .

We were newly drawn off when he came ; my Lord Goring past over the River to follow us , but seeing we were far unequal in Horse to him , ( for I had not above three Troops , and were to go over Bramham-Moore Plain ) I gave direction to the Foot to march away , whilst I stay'd with the Horse to interrupt the Enemy's passage in those narrow Lanes that lead up to the Moore . Here was much Firing at one another ; but in regard of their great Numbers , as they advanced , we were forced to give way ; yet had gained by it sufficient time for the Foot to have been out of danger .

When we came up to the Moore again , I found them where I left them , which troubled me much , the Enemy being close upon us , and a great Plain yet to go over . So we marching the Foot in two Divisions , and the Horse in the Rear , the Enemy followed about two Musket-shot from us , in three good Bodies , but made no Attempt upon us : And thus we got well over this open Campagn , to some Inclosures , beyond which was another * Moore , less than the other . Here Our Men thinking themselves secure , were more careless in keeping Order ; and whilst their Officers were getting them out of Houses where they sought for Drink , it being an extream hot Day , the Enemy got another Way as soon as we into the Moore ; and when we had almost pass'd this Plain also , they seeing Us in some Disorder , charged Us both in Flank and Rear : The Countrymen presently cast down their Arms and fled ; the Foot soon after , which for want of Pikes was not able to withstand their Horse : Some were Slain , many were taken Prisoners ; Few of Our Horse stood the Charge . Some Officers with me , made Our Retreat with much Difficulty ; in which Sir Henry Fowlis had a slight Hurt ; my Cornet was taken Prisoner . We got well to Leeds , about an Hour after my Father and the Men with him got safe thither .

This was one of the greatest Losses we ever receiv'd . Yet was it a Providence it was a part , and not the whole Forces which receiv'd this Loss ; it being the Enemy's Intention to have fought us that Day with their whole Army , which was at least Ten Thousand Men , had not Our Attempt upon Tadcaster put a Stand to them ; and so concluded that Day with this Storm , which fell on me only .

We being at Leeds , it was thought fit to possess some other Place ; wherefore I was sent to Bradford with seven or eight hundred Foot , and three Troops of Horse . These two Towns were all the Garisons we had ; and at Wakefield , six Miles off , lay three thousand of the Enemy ; but they did not much disturb us : And we were busied about releasing Prisoners that were taken at Seacroft , most of them being Countrymen , whose Wives and Children were still importunate for their Release , which was as earnestly endeavoured by us , but no Conditions would be accepted ; so as their continual Cries , and Tears , and Importunities , compelled us to think of some way to redeem these Men ; and we thought of attempting Wakefield .

Our Intelligence was , that the Enemy had not above eight or nine hundred Men in the Town ; I acquainted my Father with Our design , who approved of it , and sent some Men from Leeds , so that we were able to draw out eleven hundred Horse and Foot.

Upon Whitsunday , early in the Morning , we came before the Town , but they had notice of Our coming , and had manned all their Works , and set about five hundred Musketeers to line the Hedges without the Town , which made us now doubt our Intelligence , but it was too late .

After a little Consultation we advanced , and soon beat them back into the Town , which we storm'd at three Places ; and after an Hour's dispute , the Foot forced open a Barricado , where I entred with my own Troop , Colonel Alured and Captain Bright followed with theirs : The Street where we entred was full of their Foot ; We charged them through , and routed them , leaving them to the Foot that followed close behind us : And presently we were charged again with Horse led on by General Goring ; where , after a hot Encounter , some were Slain , and himself taken Prisoner by Colonel Alured .

I cannot but here acknowledge God's Goodness to me this day ; for being advanced a good way single before my Men , having a Colonel , and Lieutenant-Colonel , who had engaged themselves to be my Prisoners , only with me , and many of the Enemy now betwixt me and my Men , I lighted upon a Regiment of Foot standing in the Market-place ; being thus encompassed , and thinking what to do , I spied a Lane which I thought would lead me back to my Men again : At the end of this Lane there was a Corps-de-guard of the Enemy's , with fifteen or sixteen Soldiers , who were just then quitting of it , with a Serjeant leading them off ; whom we met , and seeing their Officers , they came up to us , taking no notice of me , and asked them what they would have them do , for they could keep the work no longer , the Round-heads ( as they call'd them ) came so fast upon them .

The Gentlemen who had pass'd their Words to me to be my true Prisoners , said nothing ; and looking one upon another , I thought it not fit now to own them as Prisoners , much less to bid the rest to render themselves to me ; but being well mounted , and seeing a place in the Works where Men used to go over , I rushed from them , and made my Horse leap over the Work , and by a good Providence got to my Men again , who before I came had , by Direction of Major-General Gifford , brought up a Piece of Ordnance , and placed it in the Church-yard , against that Body that stood in the Market-place , which presently rendred themselves .

All our Men being got into the Town , the Streets were cleared , and many Prisoners taken ; but the Horse got off , almost entire .

This appeared the greater Mercy , when we saw Our mistake ; for we found Three thousand Men in the Town , and expected but half the number . We brought away fourteen hundred Prisoners , Eighty Officers , Twenty eight Colours , and great store of Ammunition .

But seeing this was more a Miracle , than a Victory ; more the Effect of God's Providence , than humane Force , or Prudence , let the Honour and Praise of all be His only .

After this , we exchanged our Men that were Prisoners , and we were freed a good while from any trouble or attempt of the Enemy .

Hitherto , through God's Mercy , we had held up near two Years against a potent Army ; but they finding us now almost tired with continual Service , treacherously used by Friends , and wanting many things necessary for support and defence , the Earl of Newcastle marched with an Army of Ten or Twelve thousand Men to besiege Us , and resolv'd to sit down before Bradford , which was a very untenable Place .

Hither my Father drew all the Forces he could spare out of the Garisons ; but seeing it impossible to defend the Town otherwise than by Strength of Men , and that we had not above ten or twelve days Provision for so many as were necessary to keep it ; We resolv'd the next Morning , very early , with a Body of three Thousand Men , to attempt his whole Army , as they lay in their Quarters three Miles off . Hoping by it to put him to some distraction , which could not be done any other way , by reason of the unequal Numbers .

To this End my Father appointed Four o' th' Clock next morning to begin Our March ; but Major-General Gifford , who had the Ordering of the Business , so delay'd the execution of it , that it was seven or eight before we began to move , and not without much suspicion of Treachery ; for when we came near the Place we intended , the Enemy's whole Army was drawn up in Battalia .

We were to go up a Hill to them ; That Our Forlorn Hope gained by beating theirs into their main Body , which was drawn up half a Mile further upon a Plain called Adderton-Moore . We being all got up the Hill , drew into Battalia also . I Commanded the Right Wing , which was about One thousand Foot , and Five Troops of Horse . Major-General Gifford Commanded the left Wing , which was about the same number . My Father Commanded in Chief .

We advanced through the inclosed Grounds , till we came to the Moore , beating the Foot , that lay in them , to their main Body .

Ten or twelve Troops of Horse charged us in the Right Wing ; We kept the Inclosures , placing Our Musketeers in the Hedges next the Moore ; which was a good Advantage to us who had so few Horse .

There was a Gate , or open Place , to the Moore , where five or six might enter a-breast . Here they strive to enter , we to defend it ; but after some dispute , those that entred the Pass , found sharp Entertainment ; and those who were not yet entred , as hot Welcome from the Musketeers that flanked them in the Hedges . They were all , in the end , forced to retreat , with the Loss of Collonel Howard , who Commanded them .

Our Left Wing at the same time was engaged with the Enemy's Foot , and gained Ground of them . The Horse came down again , and charged us , they being about Thirteen or Fourteen Troops . We defended Our selves as before , but with much more difficulty ; many having got in among us , but were beaten off again with some Loss . Collonel Herne , who Commanded that Party , was slain . We pursued them to their Cannon . Here I cannot omit a remarkable Instance of Divine Justice . Whilst we were engag'd in the Fight with those Horse that entred the Gate , four Soldiers had stript Colonel Herne naked as he lay on the ground , Men still Fighting round about him ; and so dextrous were these Villains , that they had done it , and mounted themselves again , before we had beaten the Enemy off : But after we had beaten them to their Ordnance , as I said , and now returning to our Ground again , the Enemy discharged a Piece of Cannon in our Rear , the Bullet fell into Captain Copley's Troop , in which were these four Men ; two of them were killed , and some Hurt or Mark remain'd on the other , though dispers'd into several Ranks of the Troop , which made it more remarkable . We had not yet Martial Law among us ; this gave me a good Occasion to declare to the Soldiers how God would punish , when Men wanted Power to do it .

This Charge , and the Resolution our Men shewed in the Left Wing , made the Enemy think of Retreating . Orders were given for it , and some marched off the Field .

Whilst they were in this wavering condition , one Collonel Skirton desired his General to let him Charge once with a Stand of Pikes , with which he broke in upon our Men , and not being relieved by our Reserves , which were Commanded by some ill-affected Officers , chiefly Major General Gifford , who did not his part as he ought to do , Our Men lost Ground , which the Enemy seeing , pursued this advantage , by bringing on fresh Troops ; Ours being herewith discouraged , began to fly , and were soon routed . The Horse also Charged us again , We not knowing what was done in the Left Wing : Our Men maintained their Ground , till a Command came for us to Retreat , having scarce any way now to do it , the Enemy being almost round about us , and Our way to Bradford cut off . But there was a Lane in the Field we were in , which led to Hallifax , which as a happy Providence , brought us off , without any great Loss , save of Captain Talbot , and twelve more that were slain in this last Encounter . Of those who fled , there were about sixty kill'd , and three hundred taken Prisoners .

After this ill Success , we had small hopes of better , wanting all things necessary in Bradford for defence of the Town , and no expectation of help from any Place . The Earl of Newcastle presently Besieg'd the Town ; but before he had surrounded it , I got in with those Men I brought from Hallifax . I found my Father much troubled , having neither a place of Strength to defend our selves in , nor a Garison in Yorkshire to Retreat to ; for the Governour of Hull had declar'd if we were forced to Retreat thither , he would shut the Gates on us .

Whilst he was musing on these sad thoughts , a Messenger was sent unto him from Hull , to let him know the Townsmen had secured the Governour ; that they were sensible of the danger he was in , and if he had any occasion to make use of that Place , he should be very readily and gladly receiv'd there . Which News was joyfully receiv'd , and acknowledged as a great Mercy of God , yet it was not made use of till a further necessity compell'd .

My Father having Order'd me to stay here with eight hundred Foot , and sixty Horse , retired that Night to Leeds to secure it .

The Earl of Newcastle spent three or four days in laying his Quarters about the Town of Bradford , and brought down his Cannon , but needed not to raise Batteries , for the Hills within half Musket-shot commanded all the Town . Being planted in two places , they shot furiously upon us , and made their Approaches , which made us spend very much of our little Store , being not above twenty five or twenty six Barrels of Powder , at the beginning of the Siege . Yet the Earl of Newcastle sent a Trumpet to offer us Conditions , which I accepted , so they were Honourable for us to take , and safe for the Inhabitants .

We sent two Captains to treat with him , and agreed to a Cessation during that time ; but he continued working still ; whereupon I sent forth the Commissioners again , suspecting a design of attempting something upon us . They returned not till Eleven a Clock at Night , and then with a slight Answer .

Whilst they were delivering it to us , we heard great shooting of Cannon and Muskets ; all run presently to the Works , which the Enemy was storming . Here for three quarters of an hour was very hot Service , but at length they retreated .

They made a Second attempt , but were also beaten off ; after this , we had not above one Barrel of Powder left , and no Match : I called the Officers together , where it was advised and resolv'd to draw off presently , before it was day , and to retreat to Leeds , by forcing a Way , which we must do , for they had surrounded the Town .

Orders were dispatch'd , and speedily put in execution . The Foot Commanded by Colonel Rogers was sent out , through some narrow Lanes , and they were to beat up the Dragoons Quarters , and so go on to Leeds .

I my self with some other Officers went with the Horse , which were not above fifty , in a more open Way .

I must not here forget my Wife , who ran the same hazard with us in this Retreat , and with as little expression of Fear ; not from any Zeal , or delight in the War , but through a willing and patient Suffering of this undesirable Condition .

I sent two or three Horsemen before , to discover what they could of the Enemy ; who presently return'd and told us there was a Guard of Horse close by us . Before I had gone forty Paces , the Day beginning to break , I saw them upon the Hill above us , being about 300 Horse . I , with some 12 more , charged them , Sir Hen. Fowles , Major General Gefford , my Self and 3 more brake through ; Cap. Mudd was slain , and the rest of our Horse being close by , the Enemy fell upon them , and soon routed them , taking most of them Prisoners , among whom was my Wife , the Officer Will. Hill , behind whom she rid , being taken .

I saw this Disaster , but could give no relief ; for after I was got through , I was in the Enemies Reer alone , those who had charged through with me , went on to Leeds , thinking I had done so too : But I was unwilling to leave my Company , and stay'd till I saw there was no more in my Power to do , but to be taken Prisoner with them . I then retired to Leeds .

The like Disaster fell among the Foot , that went the other way , by a mistake , for after they had marched a little way , the Van fell into the Dragoons Quarters , clearing their way ; but through a cowardly fear , he that commanded these Men , being in the Reer , made them face about , and march again into the Town , where the next Day they were all taken Prisoners , only 80 or thereabout of the Front that got through , came all to Leeds , mounted on Horses which they had taken from the Enemy , where I found them when I came thither , which was some joy to them all , concluding I was either slain , or taken Prisoner .

At Leeds I found all in great Distraction , the Council of War newly risen , where it was resolv'd to quit the Town , and retreat to Hull , which was sixty Miles off , many of the Enemies Garrisons being in the way . This , in two Hours after , was accordingly done , least the Enemy should presently send Horse to prevent us ; for they had fifty or sixty Troops within three Miles : But we got well to Selby , where there was a Ferry , and hard by a Garrison at Cawood .

My Father being a Mile before , with a few Men , getting over the Ferry , word came to us that he was in danger to be taken . I hasted to him with about forty Horse , the rest following in some disorder . He was newly got into the Boat , when the Enemy with three Cornets of Horse entred the Town .

I was drawn up in the Market place , directly before the Street they came down ; when they were almost half come into the Market-place , they turn'd on the Right Hand ; with part of my Troop I charged them in the Flank , and divided them ; we had the Chase of them down the long Street that goes to Brayton .

It hapned at the same time that those Men I left behind were coming up that Street , but being in disorder , and discourag'd with the Misfortunes of many Days before , they turn'd about , and gave way , not knowing we were pursuing the Enemy in their Reer .

At the end of this Street was a narrow Lane , which led to Cawood . The Enemy strove to pass that way , but it being narrow , there was a sudden stop , where we were mingled one among another .

Here I receiv'd a Shot in the Wrist of my Arm , which made the Bridle fall out of my hand , and being among the Nerves and Veins , suddenly let out such a quantity of Blood , that I was ready to fall from my Horse : But taking the Reins in the other Hand in which I had my Sword , the Enemy minding nothing so much as how to get away , I drew my self out of the Crowd , and came to our Men , who turned about , and seeing me ready to fall from my Horse , they lay'd me on the Ground ; now when I was almost senseless , my Surgeon came seasonably , and bound up the Wound , and stopt the bleeding .

After a quarter of an Hours rest , I got a Horse-back again ; the other part of our Horse had beaten the Enemy back to Cawood , the same way they came first to us .

Thus by the goodnesse of God , our passage was made clear ; some went over the Ferry after my Father , I my self with others went through the Levels to Hull , but it proved a very troublesome and dangerous passage , being often interrupted by the Enemy , sometimes in our Front , sometimes in our Reer .

I had been twenty Hours on Horseback , after I was shot , without any rest or refreshment , and as many Hours before . And as a further Affliction , my * Daughter , not above five Years old , being carried before her Maid , endured all this Retreat a Horseback ; but Nature not being able to hold out any longer , she fell into frequent Swoonings , and in appearance was ready to expire her last .

Having now past the Trent , and seeing a House not far off , I sent her with her Maid only thither , with little hopes of seeing her any more alive , though I intended the next Day to send a Ship from Hull for her .

I went on to Barton , having sent before to have a Ship ready against my coming thither . Here I lay down to take a little rest , if it were possible to find any in a Body so full of pain , and a Mind yet fuller of anxiety and trouble . Though I must acknowledge it as the infinite goodness of God , that my Spirit was nothing at all discouraged from doing still that which I thought to be my Duty .

I had not rested a quarter of an Hour , before the Enemy came close to the Town . I had now not above a hundred Horse with me , we went to the Ship , where under the Security of her Ordinance we got all our Men and Horse aboard ; and crossing Humber , we arriv'd at Hull , our Men faint and tired . I my self had lost all , even to my Shirt , for my Cloaths were made unfit to wear with Rents and Blood. Presently after my coming to Hull , I sent a Ship for my Daughter , who was brought the next Day to the Town , pretty well recovered of her long and tedious Journey .

Not many Days after the Earl of Newcastle sent my Wife back again in his Coach , with some Horse to guard her ; which generous act of his gain'd him more Reputation , than he could have got by detaining a Lady Prisoner , upon such Terms .

Many of our Men , who were dispersed in this long Retreat , came hither again to us . Our first Business was to raise new Forces , and in a short time we had about 1500 Foot , and 700 Horse .

The Town being little , I was sent to Beverly , with the Horse , and 600 Foot , but my Lord of Newcastle now looking upon us as inconsiderable , was marched into Lincolnshire , with his whole Army , leaving some few Garrisons . He took in Gainsbrough , and Lincoln , and intended Boston , which was the Key of the Associated Counties ; for his Orders , which I have seen , were to go into Essex , and block up London on that side .

Having laid a great while still , and being now strong enough for those Forces which remain'd in the Country , we sent out a good Party to make an Attempt upon Stanford-Bridge , near York , but the Enemy upon the allarm fled thither , which put them also in such a fear , that they sent earnestly to my Lord of Newcastle to desire him to return , or the Country would again be lost . Upon this he returned again into York-shire , and not long after came to besiege Hull .

I lay at Beverly in the way of his March , and finding we were not able to defend such an open place against an Army , I desired Orders from my Father to retire back to Hull : But the Committee there had more mind of raising Money , than to take care of the Soldiers ; and yet these Men had the greatest share in Command at this time , and would not let any Orders be given for our Retreat ; nor was it fit for us to return without Order .

The Enemy marched with his whole Army towards us : Retreat we must not ; keep the Town we could not . So , to make our Retreat more honourable and useful , I drew out all the Horse and Dragoons towards the Enemy ; and stood drawn up by a Wood side all that Night .

Next Morning by Day , our Scouts and theirs fired on one another . They marched on with their whole Body , which was about 4000 Horse , and 12000 Foot. We stood till they were come very near to us . I then drew off ; having given direction before for the Foot to March away towards Hull , and thinking to make good the Retreat with the Horse .

The Enemy with a good Party came up in our Reer ; the Lanes being narrow we made good shift with them , till we got into Beverley , and shut the Gate , which we had scarce time to do , they being so close to us .

In this business we lost Major Layton , and not above two more .

The Enemy not knowing what Forces we had in the Town , stay'd till the rest of the Army came up , which was about a Mile behind . This gave our Foot some advantage in their Retreat , it being five Miles to Hull , and the way on narrow Banks . I sent the Horse by Cottingham , a more open Road , who got well thither ; they overtook the Foot , and made good their Retreat , till we got to a little Bridge two Miles from Hull , where we made a stand : The Enemy followed close : Our Men gave them a good Volley of Shot , which made them draw back , and they advanced no further .

So leaving a small Guard at the Bridge , we got safe to Hull .

Thus not only for want of Military Skill in the Gentlemen of the Committee , but to say no more , for want of good Nature , we were expos'd to this trouble and danger .

My Lord of Newcastle now laid Siege to Hull , but at a great distance , for the Sluces were let open and drowned the Land for two Miles about the Town .

Yet upon a Bank , which was the Highway , he approached so near as to shoot Cannon Shot at random into the Town , and for the most part hot Bullets , but by the Diligence and Care of the Governour , who caused every Inhabitant to watch his own House , the Danger was prevented .

Our Horse was now useless , and many dyed every Day , having nothing but salt Water about the Town . I was therefore sent over with the Horse into Lincoln-shire to join with the Earl of Manchester's Forces , which were then Commanded by Major General Cromwel , who received us at our Landing with his Troops .

Sir John Henderson lay within three or four Miles of this Place , with 5000 Men , to prevent our Conjunction , but durst not attempt it . He marched three or four Days near unto us , but for want of good Intelligence , we did not know so much . For I altogether trusted to the Care of our new Friends , being a Stranger in those Parts .

At Horncastle one Morning he fell upon our out Guards , who being but newly raised in that Country , fled towards Lincoln , without giving any Allarm to our Quarters , that lay dispersed and secure .

Sir John Henderson marching slowly with his Army , gave the Allarm to some of our out Quarters , which was soon taken in all the rest . Yet we were in some disorder before we could get into any considerable Body . My Lord Willoughby with his Horse , and my Dragoons , Commanded by Collonel Morgan , brought up the Reer , and after some Skirmishes , we lodg'd that Night in the Field .

The next Day the Earl of Manchester came to us with his Foot , the Day following we advanced toward the Enemy , and chusing a convenient Ground to fight on , we drew up the Army there . The Enemy did so on the side of another Hill close by , having a little Plain betwixt us . Lieutenant General Cromwel had the Van , I the reserve of Horse , my Lord Manchester all the Foot.

After we had faced one another a good while , the Forlorn Hopes began the Fight , presently the Bodies met on the Plain , where the Fight was hot for half an Hour , but then they were forced to a Rout , 200 kill'd , and many taken Prisoners .

This was the issue of Horncastle Fight , or as some call it , Winsby Fight .

At the same instant we heard great shooting of Ordinance towards Hull , which was a Sally my Father made out of the Town upon my Lord of Newcastle's Trenches , who drew out most part of his Army to relieve them : But our Men charged so resolutely , that they possess'd themselves of the Canon , and pursuing their Advantage , put the Enemy to a total Rout , upon which he raised the Siege , and returned again to York .

These two Defeats together , the one falling heavy upon the Horse , the other upon the Foot , kept the Enemy all that Winter from attempting any thing ; and we , after the taking of Lincoln , setled our selves in Winter Quarters .

In the coldest Season of the Year I was commanded by the Parliament to go and raise the Siege at Nantwich , which the Lord Byron , with the Irish Army , had reduced to great Extremity . I was the most unfit of all their Forces , being ever the worst Paid , my Men sickly and almost naked ; I desir'd the Parliament that they would be pleas'd to supply these Wants , not excusing my self , as some did , who had no will to stir , though well enough accommodated .

The Parliament's answer was a positive direction to March , for it would admit of no delay . But foreseeing I should have such a return to my Desires , and considering the necessity of the Business , I had upon my own Credit got so much Cloath as Cloathed 1500 Men , and all were ready to March when these Orders came to me .

The twenty ninth of December we set forward from Falkingham in Lincolnshire with 1800 Horse , and 500 Dragâ��oons , and power to call the Regiments of Foot in Lancashire and Cheshire , to make up the Body of the Army , which I found was not a little trouble when I came to Manchester , for some were thirty , some forty Miles distant , besides the dissatisfaction of some of their Collonels , who went as their particular Safety or Interest sway'd them .

But finding more readiness in the inferior Officers , and common Soldiers , I got up in a few Days near 3000 Foot.

With this Army we marched to Nantwich , which was at the point of Surrendring . When we came within a Days March , I had Intelligence the Lord Byron had drawn off his Siege , and intended to meet us in the Field . I put my Men into the Order in which I intended to Fight , and continued my March till we came within three Miles of the Town .

There was a Pass kept with about 250 Men : I sent Collonel Morgan with his Dragoons , who beat them off , in which his Brother was slain . The Major , who commanded the other Party , with some others , was taken Prisoner .

We marched on till we came within Cannon shot of their Works , where half of their Army was drawn up . And we were inform'd , that the River which runs through the Town , being raised with the melting of the Snow , hinder'd those that lay on the other side of the Town from joining with them .

We call'd a Council of War , wherein it was debated , whether we should attempt those in their Works , being divided from the rest of the Army , or march into the Town and relieve them , and by the increase of our Force be better able the next day to encounter them .

This last was resolv'd on , and making way with Pioneers through the Hedges , we marched to the Town ; but after we had gone a little way , word came that the Enemy was in the Reer . We faced about with two Regiments , and my own Regiment of Horse , commanded by Major Rokeby , and reliev'd those that were engaged , and so the Fight began on all sides .

These that fell on our Reer , were that part of their Army that lay on the other side of the Town , who had past the River . Those who were drawn up under their Works , fell upon our Van , which was marching to the Town . Thus was the Battel divided , there being a quarter of a Mile betwixt us , in the Division that first engag'd . Our Foot at the beginning gave a little Ground , but our Horse recover'd this , by beating the Enemies Horse out of the Lanes that flanked our Foot , which did so encourage our Men , that they regain'd their Ground on the Enemy , and made them retreat from Hedge to Hedge , 'till at length they were forced to fly to their Works .

Their Horse retreated in better Order , towards Chester , without much Loss . Our other Wing being assisted from the Town , who sally'd out with seven or eight hundred Musketeers , beat the Enemy back into the same Works . We presently surrounded them , and being in great Disorder and Confusion , they soon yielded themselves Prisoners , with all their chief Officers , Arms , Colours and Ammunition .

Thus , by the Mercy of God , was this Victory obtain'd , being the more signal , in that we were not to deal with young Soldiers , but with Men of great Experience , and an Army which had ever been victorious .

After this we took in several Garrisons in Cheshire ; Latham only in Lancashire held out , which was besieg'd by the Forces of that County , but afterward the Siege was rais'd by Prince Rupert .

Having spent three or four Months in this Expedition , my Father commanded me back into York-shire , that by the Conjunction of our Forces , he might be abler to take the Field . We met about Ferry-bridge , he being come out of Hull thither , with intent to fall upon the Enemies Garrison at Selby .

I receiv'd at this time another Command from the Parliament to march immediately with my Horse and Dragoons into Northumberland , to join with the Scots Army . The Earl of Newcastle , who was then at Durham being much stronger in Horse than they , for want of which they could not advance : But it being resolv'd within a Day or two to storm Selby , I stay'd 'till that business was over , which proved as effectual for the relief of the Scots Army .

The Governour of York , Coll. Bellasis , lay in Selby with 2000 Men. We drew our Horse and Foot close to the Town , Sir John Meldrum led on the Foot , which had their several Posts appointed them , where they should storm . I with the Horse ready to second them . The Enemy within defended themselves stoutly a good while . Our Men at length beat them from the Line , but could not advance further because of the Horse within . I got a Barricado open , which let us in betwixt the Houses and the River ; here we had an encounter with their Horse : After one Charge , they fled over a Bridge of Boats to York ; their Horse came up , and charged us again , where my Horse was overthrown , I being single a little before my Men , who presently reliev'd me , and forced the Enemy back . They retreated also to York . In this Charge we took Coll. Bellasis Governour of York . By this time the Foot had entred the Town , and had taken many Prisoners . This good Success of ours put them into great Distraction and Fear at York ; so that they speedily sent to the Earl of Newcastle to haste back thither , believing we would presently attempt them .

This News suddenly call'd him back , leaving the Scots , who with Cold , and often Allarms , were reduced to great Extremity , but now they advance after him .

The Earl of Newcastle gets into York ; the Scots join with my Father at Wetherby , altogether made 16000 Foot , and 4000 Horse . They march on to York .

For the Siege of York it was thought necessary to have more Men , the Town being large in compass , and strongly mann'd . The Earl of Craford , Lindsey , and my Self were sent to the Earl of Manchester , to desire him to join with us in the Siege , to which he willingly consented , bringing an addition of 6000 Foot , and 3000 Horse .

Now the Army had three Generals , Lesly , Manchester , and Fairfax , who lay apart in three several Quarters before the Town , but the North side still remain'd open .

Some time was spent here without any considerable Action , till in my Lord of Manchester's Quarters , Approaches were made to St. Marry's Tower , and they soon came to mine it . Coll. Crayford , a Scotchman , who commanded that Quarter , sprung the Mine , being ambitious to have the Honour alone of it , without acquainting the other two Generals , for their Advice , and Concurrence , which prov'd very prejudicial , for having engaged his Party against the whole Strength of the Town , without more Forces to second him , he was repulsed with the loss of three hundred Men ; for which he had surely been call'd to an Account , but escaped the better by reason of this Triumviral Government .

Soon after Prince Rupert came to relieve the Town . We rais'd the Siege . Hessey Moore was appointed the Randezvous . The whole Army drew thither . About a Mile from thence lay the Prince , the River Ouse being betwixt us , which he that night past over at Popleton . The next day he drew his Army into the same Moore , which being now joined with my Lord of Newcastles Army , made about 23 or 24000 Men , We something more .

We were divided in our Opinions what to do . The English were for Fighting ; the Scots for Retreating , to gain ( as they alledg'd ) both Time , and Place of more Advantage .

This being resolv'd on , we marched away to Tadcaster , which made the Enemy advance the faster .

Lieutenant General Cromwell , Lesley , and my Self were appointed to bring up the Reer . We sent word to the Generals of the necessity of making a stand , or else the Enemy , having this Advantage , might put us in some disorder . But by the advantage of the Ground we were on , we hoped to make it good till they came back to us , which they did .

The Place was Marston Fields , which afterwards gave the name to this Battel .

Here we drew up our Army . The Enemy was drawn up in Battalia on the Moore a little below us .

The day being most part spent in Preparations , We now began to descend towards them . Lieutenant General Cromwell commanded the left Wing of the Horse , and seconded by Major General Lesley ; I had the right Wing , with some Scots Horse , and Lances for my Reserves . The three Generals were with the Foot.

Our left Wing first charged the Enemies right Wing , which was perform'd for a while with much Resolution on both sides , but the Enemy at length was put to the worst .

Our right Wing had not all so good success , by reason of the Furzes and Ditches we were to pass over before we could get to the Enemy , which put us into great disorder .

Notwithstanding I drew up a Body of 400 Horse . But because their Intervals of Horse in this Wing only , were lined with Musketteers , who did us much hurt with their Shot , I was necessitated to charge them . We were a long time engag'd one within another ; but at last we routed that part of their Wing which we charged , and pursued them a good way towards York . My self only return'd presently , to get to the Men I left behind me . But that part of the Enemy which stood , perceiving the disorder they were in , had charged and routed them before I could get to them : So that the good Success we had at the first was eclipsed by this bad Conclusion .

Our other Wing and most of the Foot went on prosperously , 'till they had cleared the Field .

I must ever remember with Thankfulness the Goodness of God to me this day ; for having charged through the Enemy , and my Men going after the Pursuit , and returning back to go to my other Troops , I was got in among the Enemy , who stood up and down the Field in several Bodies of Horse , so taking the Signal out of my Hat , I past through them for one of their own Commanders , and got to my Lord of Manchester's Horse , in the other Wing ; only with a Cut in my Cheek , which was given me in the first Charge , and a shot which my Horse receiv'd .

In this Charge many of my Officers and Soldiers were hurt and slain : The Captain of my own Troop was shot in the Arm , my Cornet had both his Hands cut , so as render'd him ever after unserviceable . Captain Micklethwait , an honest stout Gentlemen , was slain : And scarce any Officer who was in this Charge but receiv'd a Hurt . Coll. Lambert , who should have seconded me , but could not get up to me , Charged in another place . Major Fairfax , who was Major to his Regiment , had at least thirty Wounds , of which he dyed at York , after he had been abroad again , and in good hopes of recovery .

But that which nearest of all concern'd me , was the loss of my * Brother , who being deserted of his Men , was sore wounded , of which in three or four Days after he dyed . Buried at Marston . Aetat . 23.

In this Charge as many were hurt and kill'd as in the whole Army besides .

On the Enemy's part there were above 4000 slain , and many taken Prisoners .

Prince Rupert returned into the South , the Earl of Newcastle went beyond Sea , with many of his Officers . York was presently surrendered , and the North now was wholly reduced by the Parliament's Forces , except some Garrisons .

Soon after this I went to Helmesley , to take in the Castle there , where I received a dangerous Shot in my Shoulder , and was brought back to York , all being doubtful of my Recovery for some time .

At the same time the Parliament voted me to Command the Army in the South .

But my Intentions being only to keep in mind what I had been present in during this Northern War , I shall put an end to this Discourse , where it pleas'd God to determine my Service there .

Yet thus with some smart from his Rod , to let me see I was not mindful enough of returning my humble Thanks and Acknowledgments for the Deliverances and Mercies I received ; and for which â�ª ( alas ) I am not yet capable enough to Praise him as I ought , that may say by Experience , Who is a God like unto Our God.

Therefore , not unto us , O Lord , not unto us , but unto thy Name give we the Praise .

But as for my self , and what I have done , I may say with Solomon , I looked on all the Works that my Hands had wrought , and on the Labour that I had laboured to do , and behold all was Vanity and vexation of Spirit .

For there is no remembrance of the Wise more than the Fool for ever , seeing that which now is , in the Days to come shall be forgotten .

T. Fairfax .

SHORT MEMORIALS OF Some things to be cleared during my Command in the Army .

BY the Grace and Assistance of God , I shall truly set down the Grounds of my Actions during this unhappy War , and especially of those Actions which seem'd to the World most questionable .

My first engaging in the sad Calamities of the War , was about the Year 1641 , when the general Distemper of the three Kingdoms , I mean the Difference betwixt the King and Parliament had kindled such a Flame even in the Heart of the State , that before a Remedy could be found , the whole Body was almost consumed to Ashes .

I must needs say , my Judgment was for the Parliament , as the King and Kingdoms great and safest Council : As others were averse to Parliaments , because they did not go high enough for Prerogative .

Upon this Division , different Powers were set up : The Commission of Array for the King , and the Militia for the Parliament . But those of the Array exceeded their Commission in oppressing many honest People , whom , by way of Reproach , they called Roundheads , who for their Religion , Estates , and Interest , were a very considerable part of the Country ; which occasion'd them to take up Arms in their own defence , and it was afterward confirm'd by Authority of Parliament .

My Father , being yet at his House at Denton , where I then waited on him , had notice from his Friends , that it was intended he should be sent for as a Prisoner to York : He resolved not to stir from his own House , not being conscious to himself of any thing to deserve Imprisonment .

The Country suffering daily more and more , many came and intreated him to join with them in defence of themselves and Country , which was extremely oppressed by those of the Array ( who after had the Name of Cavaliers ) and he being also much importun'd by those about him , seeing his Neighbours in this Distress , resolv'd to run the same Hazard with them .

Then did the Parliament grant a Commission to him to be General of the Forces in the North ; my self also having a Commission under him to be General of the Horse .

It is not my intention in this place to relate the services done in this Cause of the Parliament . For I am rather desirous to clear my Actions , than declare them ; and therefore I shall say no more of this three years War in the North â�ª there being nothing ( I thank God ) in all that time to be objected against me in particular : But I shall say something how I came to be engaged in the South .

Some years had been spent in those Parts , in a lingring War betwixt the King and Parliament , and several Battels so equally fought , that it could scarce be known on which side the business in dispute would be determin'd : Though it must be confest that the Parliaments Army was under the Command of a very noble and gallant Person , the Earl of Essex , yet they found that time and delay gain'd more advantage against them , and their Affairs , than Force had done . They therefore resolv'd to make a change in the Constitution of their Armies , hoping by it to find a change also in their business , which was then something in a declining condition . In this distemper of things , the Army was new-modell'd , and a new General propos'd to Command it : And by Votes of the two Houses of Parliament I was nominated , though most unfit , and so far from desiring it , that had not so great an Authority ( which was then unseperated from the Royal Interest ) Commanded my Obedience , and had I not been urged by the Perswasion of my nearest Friends , I should have refus'd so great a Charge : But whether it was from a natural facility in me , that betrai'd my Modesty , or the powerful hand of God , which all things must obey , I was induced to receive the Command .

Then was I immediately voted by the Parliament to come to London , and take my Charge , though not fully recovered of a dangerous Wound which I had received a little before at Helmesley , and which I believe , without the miraculous hand of God , had prov'd mortal .

But here ( alas ) when I bring to mind the sad consequences that crafty and designing Men have brought to pass since those first innocent Undertakings , I am ready to let go that confidence I once had with God , when I could say with Job , Till I die I will not remove my integrity from me , nor shall my Heart reproach me so long as I live : But I am now more fit to take up his complaint , and say , Why did I not die ? why did I not give up the Ghost when my Life was on the confines of the Grave ?

God having been pleas'd thus to give me my Life for a Prey , I took my Journey Southward , hoping it might be some ways serviceable to the Publick : But when I came thither , had it not been in the simplicity of my Heart , I could not have supported my self under the frowns and displeasures of those who were disgusted with these alterations , in which many of them were much concern'd : And therefore they sought by all means to obstruct my proceedings in this new Charge ; though they could not prevent what the necessity of Affairs prest most to do , which was to march speedily out with the Army ; yet were we by them made so inconsiderable , for want of fit and necessary accommodations , as it rather seem'd that we were sent to be destroy'd , than to do any service to the Kingdom .

Surely then if we had had no other end but Self-interest , this might have discouraged us : But it wrought no such Effect on me , but rather gave me the more hopes of future success , as hapned to the Parliament's great advantage . But if any ill Use hath been made of such Mercies , let the Mercies be acknowledged from God , but the abusers of them receive their due reward of shame and punishment .

Being thus led on by good Success , and clear intention of publick Good , some of us could not discern the Serpent which was hid under the leaves of so good Fortune , nor believe the fruits of our hopes would prove as Cockatrice Eggs , from whence so mischievous a Brood should afterwards spring .

But how ill deserving soever we were , it pleas'd God still to give the Army such success in the Years of 1645 and 1646 , that there remain'd in England neither Army not Fortress to oppose the Parliament in setling the Peace of the Kingdom .

This Mercy was soon clouded with abominable Hypocrisy and Deceit , even in those Men who had been instrumental in bringing this War to a conclusion .

Here was the vertical Point on which the Army's Honour and Reputation turn'd into Reproach and Scandal . Here the Power of the Army I once had , was usurped by the Agitators , the forerunners of Confusion and Anarchy .

My Commission as General oblig'd me to act with Councel ; but the arbitrary and unlimited Power of this Councel would act without a General : And all I could do was ineffectual to oppose them ; especially when the Parliament it self became divided .

At this time the Pay was withheld from the Army , which increased their Distempers ; then followed Free Quarter , and that wrought a general Discontent through the whole Nation , which gave these factious Agitators occasion to carry on their Design of raising their own Fortunes upon the Publick ruine .

I was much troubled to see things in this Condition , and rather desired to be a Sufferer than a Commander : But before I laid down my Commission , I thought fit to consult some Friends , rather than gratify my private Reason and Desires , especially having receiv'd it from a Publick Authority , which might justly expect to have notice before I laid it down .

This was the Cause of my continuing in the Army longer than I would have done , which did indeed preserve the Parliament for some time from those Violences that it afterwards suffer'd from these Disturbers .

I shall now descend to some particulars of their Agitations .

The first time I took notice of them , was at Nottingham , by the Soldiers meeting to frame a Petition to the Parliament about their Arrears : The thing seemed just ; but not liking the way , I spake with some Officers , who were principally engaged in it , and got it suppress'd for that time . But this was only as the cutting off a Hydra's Head ; for they began again , not so near the Head-Quarters , but in more remote Corners of the Army ; so that before I could prevent it , they presented it to the Parliament ; At which they were highly displeas'd .

They now fell into Differences , the consequence of which did not only prove fatal to the King , but destructive to themselves : The one striving to uphold their Authority ; the other , who had a Spirit of Unsettlement , to preserve themselves from the Ruine they fear'd .

This , with a natural Inclination to change , I believe created thoughts of new Government , which in time attain'd the Name of a Commonwealth , but never arriv'd to the Perfection of it , being sometimes Democratical , then Oligarchical ; lastly , Anarchical : And indeed all the ways of attaining to it , seem'd nothing but Confusion . For now the Officers of the Army were plac'd and displac'd at the will of the new Agitators ; and Violence so prevail'd , that it was above my Power to restrain it . This made me have recourse to my Friends , to get me a Discharge of my Command ; and several Members of Parliament met and consulted about it , but none would undertake to move it to the House , as Affairs then stood , believing such a Motion would be unpleasing to them .

This was the Answer I receiv'd from them , and that I should satisfy my self , for it would be the Parliament's care to compose all things for the Good and Settlement of the Kingdom .

These hopes did a little support my Spirit , but could not Ballance the Grief and Trouble I had , that I could not get my Discharge : So that if you find me carried on with this Stream , I can truly say , it was by the Violence of it , rather than my own Consent .

The Army got this Power and Strength by Correspondence with some in Parliament , who found it afterwards to their own Trouble . The Army marcht nearer London ; and at Windsor , after two days debate in a Council of War , it was resolv'd to remove all out of the House , whom they conceiv'd did obstruct ( as they call'd it ) the Publick Settlement .

I was prest to use all Expedition in this March ; but here I resolv'd to use a restrictive Power , where I had not a Persuasive : And when the Lieutenant-General , and others , did urge me to sign Orders for marching , I still delay'd it , as ever dreading the Consequences of breaking Parliaments , and at a time when the Kingdom was falling into a new War , which was so near , that my delaying three or four days giving out Orders , diverted this Humour of the Army , from being Statesmen , to their more proper Duty as Soldiers .

Then did Collonel Poyer declare in Wales ; great Forces did rise with my Lord Goring in Kent ; and Duke Hamilton came into England , almost at the same time with a Powerful Army of Scots ; all which set out work enough that Summer .

This I write to shew how by Providence a few days of delay secur'd the Parliament above a Year from the Violence which soon after was offered them .

I might here mention those great and difficult Actions the Army perform'd that Year , which were design'd for the Good of the Kingdom ; but that Factious Party growing more Insolent , as Success made them more powerful , I shall forbear to relate them , which otherwise would have deserv'd a better remembrance than in Modesty were fit for me to give .

I shall rather punish my self with the continuance of this Story of the Irregularities of the Army . But I must not forget one thing of very great Concernment in the after Changes , which should have been inserted before the mentioning of this Second War ; The King's removal from Holmby , the sad Consequences whereof fill my Heart with Grief in the remembrance of them , as they did then with Care how to prevent them .

Being at Saffron-Walden in Essex , I had notice that Cornet Joyce , an Arch-Agitator , who Quarter'd about Oxford , had seized on the King's Person , removed his Guards , and given such a Check to the Commissioners of Parliament , who were ordered there to attend His Majesty , that they refused to act any further on their Commission , being so unwarrantably interrupted .

So soon as I heard of it , I immediately sent away two Regiments of Horse , Commanded by Colonel Whaley to remove this Force , and to set all things again in their due Course and Order . But before he came to Holmby , the King was advanced two or three Miles on his way to Cambridge , attended by Joyce , where Colonel Whaley acquainted the King , he was sent by the General to let him know how much he was troubled at those great Insolencies that had been committed so near his Person ; and as he had not the least knowledge of them before they were done , so he had omitted no time in seeking to remove that Force , which he had Orders from me to see done : And therefore he desired His Majesty that he would be pleased to return again to Holmby , where all things should be settled again in as much Order and Quietness as they were before . And also he desired the Commissioners to reassume their Charge , as the Parliament had directed them , which he was also to desire them to do from the General . But the King refused to return , and the Commissioners to Act ; whereupon Colonel Whaley urged them to it , saying , He had an express Command to see all things well settled again about His Majesty , which could not be done , but by His returning again to Holmby .

The King said positively , he would not do it ; so the Colonel prest him no more to it , having indeed a special Direction from me to use all Tenderness and Respect , as was due to His Majesty .

The King came that Night , or the next , to Sir John Cutts's House , near Cambridge ; and the next day I waited on His Majesty , it being also my business to persuade his Return to Holmby , but he was otherwise resolv'd .

I prest the Commissioners also to Act according to the Power given them by the Parliament , which they also refus'd to do : So having spent the whole day about this business , I return'd to my Quarters ; and as I took leave of the King , he said to me , Sir , I have as good Interest in the Army as you ; by which I plainly saw the broken Reed he lean'd on .

The Agitators could change into that Colour which served next to their ends ; and had brought the King into an Opinion that the Army was for him .

That it might appear what a real trouble this Act was to me , though the Army was almost wholly infected with this Humour of Agitation , I call'd for a Council of War , to proceed against Joyce for this high Offence , and breach of the Articles of War , but the Officers , whether for fear of the distemper'd Soldiers , or rather ( as I suspected ) a secret allowance of what was done , made all my endeavours in this ineffectual . And now no Punishment being able to reach them ; all Affairs were steer'd after this Compass â�ª the King and his Party , in Hopes ; those of the Parliament , and others , who kept to their Covenant Interest , in Fears ; so as for many Months all Publick Councils were turn'd into private Junto's , which begot greater Emulations and Jealousies among them . So that the Army would not trust the King any longer with the Liberty he had , nor the Parliament suffer the Army to undertake that which was more properly their own Work , to Settle the Kingdom in its just Rights and Liberties ; and the Army was as Jealous that the Parliament would not have care enough of their Security .

All things growing worse and worse , made the King endeavour to escape , which he did ; but out of a larger Confinement at Hampton-Court , to a straiter one in the Isle of Wight .

Here the Parliament treated upon Propositions of Peace with the King ; but , alas , the envious one sowed Tares that could not be rooted out , but by plucking up the Corn also .

The King was the Golden Ball cast before the two Parties , the Parliament and the Army ; and the Contest grew so great , that it must again have involv'd the Kingdom in Blood ; but the Army having the greater Power â�ª got the King again into their Hands , notwithstanding all endevours to hinder it .

The Treaty was scarce ended before the King was seized on by the Hands of the same Persons that took him from Holmby ; soon after followed his Trial.

To prepare a way to this Work , this Agitating Council did first intend to remove all out of the Parliament who were like to oppose them , and carried it on with such Secrecy , as I had not the least Intimation of it till it was done , as some of the Members of the House can witness , with whom I was at that very time upon special Business , when that Attempt was made by Colonel Pride upon the Parliament , which I protest I never had any knowledg of till it was done . The Reason why it was so secretly carried , that I should have no notice of it , was , because I always prevented those Designs when I knew them .

By this purging of the House , ( as they call'd it ) the Parliament was brought into such a consumptive and languishing Condition , that it could never again recover that healthful Constitution , which always kept the Kingdom in its Strength , Life , and Vigour .

This Way being made by the Sword , the Trial of the King was easier for them to accomplish .

My afflicted and troubled Mind for it , and my earnest Endeavours to prevent it , will , I hope , sufficiently testify my dislike and abhorrence of the Fact : And what will they not do to the Shrubs , having cut down the Cedar ?

After this , Duke Hamilton , the Earl of Holland , the Lord Capel , and others , were condemn'd to Death .

It is fit for me in this Place to say something for my own Vindication about my Lord Capel , Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lisle , who were Prisoners at Mercy upon the rendring of Colchester , seeing some have questioned the just Performance of those Articles .

I laid Siege to the Town , and made several Assaults : But finding their Forces within much more numerous than those I had without , I was forced to take another course in blocking them up , and , by cutting off all supplies , to bring them to a Surrender ; which after four Months close Siege they were compelled to , and that upon Mercy , being in Number three or four thousand Men ; and delivering upon Mercy , is to be understood that some are to Suffer , the rest to go Free.

Immediately after our entrance into the Town , a Council of War was called , and those forenamed Persons were Sentenced to Die , the rest to be Acquitted .

This being so resolved , I thought fit notwithstanding to transmit the Lord Capel , the Lord Norwich , &c. over to the Parliament , being the Civil Judicature of the Kingdom , consisting then both of Lords and Commons , and so most proper Judges in their Case ; who were considerable for Estates and Families : But Sir Charles Lucas , and Sir George Lisle , being mere Soldiers of Fortune , and falling into our hands by chance of War , were Executed ; and in this I did nothing but according to my Commission , and the Trust reposed in me .

But it may be objected I went into the Court during the Trial ; to which I answer , it was at the earnest request of my Lord Capel's Friends , who desired me to explain there what was meant by surrendring to Mercy : Otherwise I had not gone , being always unsatisfied with those Courts .

For this I need say no more , seeing I may as well be question'd for the Articles of Bristol , Oxford , Exeter , or any other Action in the War , as this .

I have now related the most remarkable Things that might be alledged against me , during the prosecution of the War.

One thing more requires I should say something to before I conclude ; that is , concerning Papers and Declarations of the Army that came out in my Name , and the Council of Officers .

I say from the time they declared their usurped Authority at Triplow Heath , I never gave my free Consent to any thing they did : But being yet undischarged of my Place , they set my Name in way of course to all their Papers , whether I consented or not : And to such failings are all Authorities subject . Under Parliament Authority many injuries have been done ; so here hath a General 's Power been broken and crumbled into a Levelling Faction .

Yet even this I hope all impartial Judges will interpret as Force and Ravishment of a good Name , rather than a voluntary Consent , which might make me equally Criminal with that Faction . And if in a multitude of Words , much more in a multitude of Actions , there must be some Transgressions ; yet I can truly say , they were never designedly , or willfully committed by me .

All the Power being got into the Army , they cut up the root of Kingly Government ; after this were Engagements made to abolish that Title . Then was War declared against Scotland for assisting the King , and several Leagues made with Foreign Princes , to Confederate with their new Government , which was now a Commonwealth , against the Kingly Power .

All this I saw with grief and sorrow , and though I had as much the Love of the Army as ever , and was with great importunity solicited by that remaining Parliament and Soldiers , to continue my Command ; and though I might , so long as I acted their Designs , have attained to what height of Power , and other Advantages I pleas'd ; yet by the mercies and goodness of God , I did , so long as I continued in the Army , oppose all those Ways in their Councils , and when I could do no more , I then declined their Actions : Though I did not resign my Commission which I had from the Parliament , till the remaining part of it took it from me .

Thus have I given you the Sum of the most considerable Things , for which the World may Censure me , during this unhappy War ; and I hope in all my Weakness and Failings , there shall not be found Crimes of that Magnitude to make me be numbred with those who have done these Things through Ambition and Dissimulation .

FINIS .

THOMAS Lord FAIRFAX HIS EPITAPH Made by the Duke of BUCKINGHAM . UNDER this Stone doth lie One born for Victory , Fairfax the Valiant , and the only He Who e're for that alone , a Conqueror would be . Both Sexes Vertues were in him combin'd , He had the fierceness of the Manliest mind , And all the meekness too of Womankind . He never knew what Envy was , nor Hate ; His Soul was fill'd with worth , and Honesty , And with another thing besides quite out of date , Call'd Modesty . He ne're seem'd Impudent but in the Field , a place Where Impudence it self dares seldom shew its face . Had any stranger spy'd him in a room With some of those whom he had overcome , And had not heard their talk , but only seen Their Gesture , and their Mien , They would have sworn he had the Vanquisht been : For as they bragg'd , and dreadful would appear , Whilst they their own ill luck repeated , His Modesty still made him blush to hear How often he had them defeated . Through his whole life the part he bore Was wonderful and great , And yet it so appear'd in nothing more Than in his private last Retreat ; For 't is a stranger thing to find One Man of such a glorious mind As can despise the Power he has got , Than millions of the Poll's and Braves , Those despicable Fools and Knaves , Who such a pudder make , Through dulness and mistake , In seeking after Power , and get it not . When all the Nation he had won , And with expence of blood had bought Store great enough , he thought , Of Fame , and of Renown , He then his Arms laid down With full as little Pride As if h' ad been o th' Conquer'd side , Or one of them could do that were undone . He neither Wealth nor Places sought ; For others , not himself , he fought . He was content to know , For he had found it so , That when he pleas'd to Conquer , he was able , And left the Spoil and Plunder to the Rabble . He might have been a King , But that he understood , How much it is a meaner thing To be unjustly Great , than honourably Good. This from the World did admiration draw , And from his Friends both love and awe , Remembring what he did in Fight before . Nay has Foes lov'd him too , As they were bound to do , Because he was resolv'd to Fight no more . So blest of all he di'd , but far more blest were we , If we were sure to live till we could see , A Man as Great in War , as Just in Peace as He.

Notes, typically marginal, from the original text

Notes for div A40612-e620 Bradford . Tadcaster . Wetherby . * One of them had a Pension for his Life till 1670. Tadcaster . Leeds . Sherburn . Col. Prideaux escap'd . * Seacroft Moore . VVakefield . Adderton-Moor . Bradford . Selby . * Duck. of Buck. Winsby , or Horncastle . * Charles Fairfax .

Notes for div A40612-e5380 In Rent , &c.

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A Sixth Volume of Archbishop Tillotson's Discourses . Published by Dr. Barker . Being upon the Divine Attributes and Perfections . 1699.

Mr. Evelyns Gardner's Almanack : Directing what he is to do Monthly through the Year , and what Fruits and Flowers are in Prime . The ninth Edition . Octavo . 1699.

Pharmacopaeiae Collegii Regalis Londini Remedia omnia succincte descripta : Una cum Catalogo simplicium Ordine Alphabetico digestorum : Quibus annexum est Manuale ad Forum nec non Divax Porographicus . Editio Tertia , Prioribus emendatior & auctior . Huic insuper adjioiuntur , Phramaca nonnulla in usu hodierno apud Medicos Londinenses . Acessit in calce Prosodia Medica observatu non indigna . Cura Ja. Shipton . 1699. Twelves .

Coles Latin and English Dictionary . Octavo .

A Discourse of the Government of the Thoughts , by George Tully Sub-Dean of York . The third Edition in Twelves .

A Sixth Volume of Archbishop Tillotson's Discourses . Published by his Chaplain , Dr. Barker . Being upon the Attributes of God , viz. Concerning the Perfection of God. Concerning our Imitation of the Divine Perfections . The Happiness of God. The Unchangeableness of God. The Knowledge of God. The Wisdom , Glory , and Sovereignty of God. The Wisdom of God in the Creation of the World. The Wisdom of God in his Providence . The Wisdom of God in the Redemption of Mankind . The Justice of God , in the Distribution of Rewards and Punishments . The Truth of God. The Holiness of God. To which is annexed a Spital Sermon . Of doing Good.

The Life of Henry Chichele , Archbishop of Canterbury . In which there is a Particular Relation of many Remarkable Passages in the Reigns of Henry the V. and VI. Kings of England . Written in Latin by Arthur . Duck , LLD. Chancellor of the Diocess of London : And Advocate of the Court of Honour . Now made English . And a Table of Contents annexed .

The Judgment of the Ancient Jewish Church , against the Unitarians , in the Controversy upon the Holy Trinity , and the Divinity of our Blessed Saviour . With a Table of Matters , and a Table of Texts of Scripture occasionally Explain'd . By a Divine of the Church of England .

In the Press .

Dr. Wake of Preparation for Death , being a Letter sent to a Young Gentlewoman in France , in a dangerous Distemper of which she died . The Fourth Edition . Twelves .

Archbishop Tillotson's Seventh Volume . Published by Dr. Barker , being the remaining Discourses upon the Divine Attributes . Octavo .

The Bishop of Ely's Commentary on Deuteronomy . Quarto .