THE
LIFE
OF
CLEOMENES
.
THus
fell
Agis
.
His
Brother
Archidamus
was
too
quick
for
Leonidas
,
and
sav'd
himself
by
a
timely
Retreat
.
But
his
Wife
then
newly
brought
to
Bed
,
the
Tyrant
forc'd
her
from
her
own
House
,
and
compell'd
her
to
marry
his
Son
Cleomenes
,
though
at
that
time
too
young
for
a
Wife
;
for
he
was
unwilling
that
any
one
else
should
have
her
,
she
being
Heiress
to
her
Father
Being
thus
married
to
Cleomenes
,
she
hated
Leonidas
,
but
to
the
Youth
she
show'd
her self
a
kind
and
obliging
Wife
.
He
,
as
soon
as
they
came
together
,
began
to
love
her
very
much
,
and
the
constant
Kindness
that
she
still
retain'd
for
the
memory
of
Agis
,
wrought
somewhat
of
Concern
in
the
young
Man
for
him
,
so
that
he
would
often
enquire
of
her
concerning
what
had
pass'd
,
and
attentively
listen
to
the
Story
of
Upon
the
Death
of
his
Father
Leonidas
,
he
succeeded
,
and
observing
the
Citizens
of
all
sorts
to
be
debauch'd
,
the
rich
neglecting
the
Publick
,
and
intent
on
their
own
Gain
and
Pleasure
,
and
the
poor
being
crampt
in
their
private
Fortunes
,
grown
unactive
,
Cowards
,
and
not
inclinable
to
the
Spartan
Institution
and
way
of
Breeding
,
that
he
had
only
the
Name
of
King
,
and
the
Ephori
all
the
Power
,
was
resolv'd
to
change
the
present
posture
of
Affairs
.
He
had
a
Friend
whose
name
was
Xenares
,
his
Lover
,
(
such
an
Affection
the
Spartans
express
by
the
word
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
)
him
he
sounded
and
of
him
he
would
commonly
enquire
,
What
manner
of
King
Agis
was
,
by
what
means
,
and
by
what
Assistance
he
began
and
pursu'd
his
Designs
.
Xenares
at
first
willingly
comply'd
with
his
Request
,
and
told
him
the
whole
Story
,
with
all
the
particular
Circumstances
of
the
Actions
.
But
when
he
observ'd
Cleomenes
to
be
extreamly
affected
at
the
Relation
,
and
more
than
ordinarily
mov'd
at
Cleomenes
knew
very
well
.
Cleomenes
finding
Xenares
averse
to
his
Designs
,
and
thinking
all
others
to
be
of
the
same
opinion
,
consulted
with
none
,
but
contriv'd
the
whole
Business
by
himself
.
And
considering
that
it
would
be
easier
to
bring
about
an
Alteration
when
the
City
was
at
War
,
than
when
in
Peace
,
he
engag'd
the
Commonwealth
in
a
Quarrel
with
the
Achaeans
,
who
had
given
them
fair
occasions
to
complain
:
for
Aratus
,
a
Man
of
the
greatest
Power
amongst
all
the
Achaeans
,
design'd
from
the
very
beginning
to
bring
all
the
Peloponnesians
into
one
common
Body
.
And
to
effect
this
,
he
undertook
many
Expeditions
,
and
ran
through
a
long
course
of
Policy
;
for
he
thought
this
the
only
means
to
make
them
an
equal
Match
for
their
foreign
Enemies
:
All
the
rest
agreed
to
his
Proposals
,
only
the
Lacedaemonians
,
the
Eleans
,
and
as
many
of
the
Arcadians
as
inclin'd
to
the
Spartan
Interest
,
refus'd
.
Therefore
as
soon
as
Leonidas
was
dead
,
he
fell
upon
the
Arcadians
,
and
wasted
those
especially
that
border'd
on
Achaia
;
by
this
means
designing
to
try
the
Inclinations
of
the
Spartans
,
and
despising
Cleomenes
as
a
Youth
,
and
of
no
experience
in
Affairs
of
State
or
War.
Upon
this
the
Ephori
sent
Cleomenes
to
surprise
the
Athenaeum
(
dedicated
to
Minerva
)
near
Belbina
,
which
is
a
pass
of
Laconia
,
and
was
then
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Megalopolitans
:
Cleomenes
possest
himself
of
the
place
,
and
fortified
it
;
at
which
Action
Aratus
shew'd
no
publick
Resentment
,
but
marcht
by
night
to
surprise
Tegea
and
Orchomenium
.
The
Design
fail'd
;
for
those
that
were
to
betray
the
Cities
into
his
Hands
,
doubted
the
Success
;
so
Aratus
retreated
,
imagining
that
his
Design
had
been
undiscovered
:
But
Cleomenes
wrote
a
jeering
Letter
to
him
,
and
desired
to
know
,
as
from
a
Friend
,
whither
he
intended
to
march
at
night
?
And
Aratus
answering
,
That
having
understood
his
Design
to
fortifie
Belbina
,
he
resolv'd
to
march
thither
to
oppose
him
.
Cleomenes
return'd
,
That
he
believed
it
,
but
desir'd
him
to
give
him
an
account
,
if
it
stood
with
his
Convenience
,
why
he
carryed
those
Torches
and
Ladders
with
him
.
Aratus
laughing
at
the
Jeer
,
and
asking
what
manner
of
Youth
this
was
;
Democrites
a
Spartan
Exile
replyed
,
If
you
have
any
Designs
upon
the
Lacedaemonians
,
begin
before
this
young
Eagle's
Talons
are
grown
.
Presently
after
this
,
Cleomenes
being
in
Arcadia
with
a
few
Horse
,
and
300
Foot
,
the
Ephori
fearing
to
engage
in
the
War
,
commanded
him
home
,
but
upon
his
Retreat
,
Aratus
taking
Caphuae
,
they
commission'd
him
again
.
In
this
Expedition
he
took
Methudrium
,
and
spoiled
the
Country
of
the
Argives
,
and
the
Achaians
:
to
stop
his
Victory
,
and
secure
their
Friends
,
sent
20000
foot
and
1000
Horse
against
him
,
under
the
Command
of
Aristomachus
.
Cleomenes
fac'd
them
at
Palantium
,
and
offer'd
Battle
:
But
Aratus
being
dash'd
at
his
Bravery
,
would
not
suffer
the
General
to
engage
,
but
retreated
,
being
curst
by
the
Achaeans
,
and
hooted
at
,
and
scorn'd
by
the
Spartans
,
who
were
not
above
5000
,
for
a
Coward
.
Cleomenes
encouraged
by
this
Success
,
began
to
vaunt
among
the
Citizens
a
Sentence
of
one
of
their
ancient
Kings
,
who
said
,
The
Spartans
seldom
enquired
how
many
their
Enemies
were
,
but
where
they
were
.
After
this
,
marching
to
the
Assistance
of
the
Eleans
,
upon
whom
the
Achaians
warr'd
,
and
about
Lycaeum
falling
upon
the
Enemy
in
their
Retreat
,
he
routed
their
whole
Army
,
taking
a
great
number
of
Captives
,
and
leaving
many
dead
upon
the
Place
;
so
that
it
was
commonly
reported
amongst
the
Greeks
that
Aratus
was
slain
.
But
Aratus
making
the
best
Advantage
of
the
Opportunity
,
presently
after
the
Defear
,
march'd
to
Mantinaea
,
and
before
any
body
suspected
it
,
took
the
City
,
and
put
a
new
Garrison
into
it
.
Upon
this
the
Lacedaemonians
being
quite
discouraged
,
and
opposing
Greece
.
Megistones
liked
the
Design
,
and
engaged
two
or
three
more
of
his
Friends
.
About
that
time
one
of
the
Ephori
sleeping
in
This
is
best
for
Sparta
.
The
Person
telling
Cleomenes
this
Dream
,
he
was
a
little
troubled
at
first
,
fearing
that
he
us'd
this
as
a
Trick
to
sift
him
,
upon
some
Suspicion
of
his
Design
;
but
when
he
was
satisfied
that
the
Relater
spoke
truth
,
he
took
heart
again
;
and
taking
with
him
those
whom
he
thought
would
be
against
his
model
,
he
took
Eraea
and
Alcaea
,
two
Cities
of
the
Achaeans
,
furnish'd
Orchomenium
with
Provisions
,
besieg'd
Mantinaea
;
and
with
long
marches
so
harass'd
the
Lacedaemonians
,
that
many
of
them
desir'd
to
be
left
in
Arcadia
;
and
he
satisfy'd
their
Request
.
With
the
Mercenaries
he
march'd
to
Sparta
,
and
by
the
way
communicated
his
Design
to
those
whom
he
thought
fittest
for
his
Purpose
,
and
march'd
slowly
that
he
might
catch
the
Ephori
at
Supper
.
When
he
was
come
near
the
City
,
he
sent
Eurycleidas
to
the
Sussitium
,
the
eating
place
of
the
Ephori
,
under
pretence
of
carrying
some
Message
from
him
from
the
Army
;
Threicion
,
Phaebis
,
and
two
of
those
which
were
bred
with
Cleomenes
,
which
they
call
Samothracae
,
follow'd
with
a
few
Souldiers
;
And
whilst
Eurycleidas
was
delivering
his
Message
to
the
Ephori
,
they
ran
upon
them
with
their
drawn
Swords
,
and
slew
them
.
Agesilaus
as
soon
as
he
was
run
through
,
fell
,
and
lay
as
dead
;
but
in
a
little
time
he
rose
,
silently
convey'd
himself
out
of
the
Room
,
and
crept
undiscover'd
into
a
little
House
,
which
was
the
Temple
of
Fear
,
and
which
always
us'd
to
be
shut
,
but
was
then
by
chance
open
;
being
got
in
,
he
shut
the
Door
,
and
lay
close
:
the
other
four
were
kill'd
,
and
above
ten
more
that
came
to
their
Assistance
;
to
those
that
were
quiet
,
they
did
no
harm
,
stopt
none
that
fled
the
City
,
and
spar'd
Agesilaus
,
who
came
out
of
the
Temple
the
next
day
.
The
Lacedaemonians
have
not
only
Temples
dedicated
to
Fear
,
but
also
to
Death
,
Laughter
,
and
the
like
Passions
:
now
they
worship
Fear
,
not
as
they
do
those
Deities
which
they
dread
,
esteeming
it
hurtfull
,
but
thinking
their
Polity
is
chiefly
kept
up
by
Law
;
and
therefore
the
Ephori
(
Aristotle
is
my
Author
)
when
they
enter
upon
their
Government
,
make
Proclamation
to
the
People
,
that
they
should
shave
their
Whiskers
,
and
be
obedient
to
the
Laws
,
that
they
might
not
be
forc'd
to
be
severe
,
using
this
trivial
Particular
(
in
my
opinion
)
to
accustom
their
Youth
to
Obedience
even
in
the
smallest
Matters
.
And
the
Ancients
,
I
think
,
did
not
imagine
Fortitude
to
be
plain
fearlessness
,
but
a
cautious
Fear
of
Infamy
and
Disgrace
:
for
those
that
show
most
Fear
towards
the
Laws
,
are
most
bold
against
their
Enemies
;
and
those
are
least
afraid
of
any
Danger
,
who
are
most
afraid
of
a
just
reproach
.
Therefore
he
said
well
:
A
Reverence
still
attends
on
Fear
.
And
Homer
,
Fear'd
you
shall
be
,
dear
Vncle
,
and
rever'd
▪
And
again
,
In
silence
fearing
those
that
bore
the
sway
.
For
't
is
very
commonly
seen
,
that
Men
reverence
those
whom
they
fear
;
and
therefore
the
Lacedaemonians
plac'd
the
Temple
of
Fear
by
the
Sussitium
of
the
Ephori
,
having
rais'd
their
Power
to
almost
absolute
Monarchy
.
The
next
day
Cleomenes
proscrib'd
80
of
the
Citizens
,
whom
he
thought
necessary
to
banish
,
and
removed
all
the
Seats
of
the
Ephori
except
one
,
in
which
he
himself
design'd
to
sit
,
and
hear
Causes
;
and
calling
the
Citizens
together
,
he
made
an
Apology
for
his
Proceedings
,
saying
,
That
by
Lycurgus
the
Senate
was
joyn'd
to
the
Kings
,
and
that
that
model
of
Government
had
continued
a
long
time
,
and
needed
no
other
sort
of
Magistrates
to
give
it
perfection
.
But
afterward
in
the
long
War
with
the
Messenians
,
when
the
Kings
being
to
command
the
Army
,
had
no
time
to
attend
civil
Causes
,
they
chose
some
of
their
Friends
,
and
left
them
to
determine
the
Suits
of
the
Citizens
in
their
stead
.
These
were
call'd
Ephori
,
and
at
first
behav'd
themselves
as
Servants
to
the
Kings
,
but
afterward
by
degrees
they
appropriated
the
Power
to
themselves
,
and
erected
a
distinct
sort
of
Magistracy
.
An
evidence
of
the
Truth
of
this
may
be
taken
from
the
usual
Behaviour
of
the
Kings
,
who
upon
the
first
and
second
Message
of
the
Ephori
,
refuse
to
go
,
but
upon
the
third
readily
attend
them
:
And
Asteropus
,
the
first
that
rais'd
the
Ephori
to
that
height
of
Power
,
liv'd
a
great
many
years
after
their
Institution
;
therefore
whil'st
they
modestly
contain'd
themselves
within
their
own
proper
Sphear
,
't
was
better
to
bear
with
them
than
to
make
a
disturbance
.
But
that
an
upstart
introduc'd
Power
should
so
far
destroy
the
old
model
of
Government
,
as
to
banish
some
Kings
,
murder
others
without
hearing
their
defence
,
and
threaten
those
who
desir'd
to
see
the
best
and
most
divine
Constitution
restor'd
in
Sparta
,
was
unsufferable
.
Therefore
if
it
had
been
possible
for
him
without
Bloodshed
,
to
have
freed
Lacedaemon
from
those
foreign
Plagues
,
Luxury
,
Vanity
,
Debts
and
Usury
,
and
from
those
more
ancient
Evils
,
Poverty
and
Riches
,
he
should
have
thought
himself
the
happiest
King
in
the
World
,
having
like
an
expert
Physician
cur'd
the
Diseases
of
his
Countrey
without
pain
.
But
now
in
this
necessity
Hecatombaeum
,
Cleomenes
came
up
,
and
thinking
it
not
advisable
to
pitch
between
Dumaeae
,
a
City
of
the
Enemies
,
and
the
Camp
of
the
Achaeans
,
he
boldly
dar'd
the
Achaeans
,
and
forc'd
them
to
a
Battel
,
and
routing
the
Phalanx
,
slew
a
great
many
in
the
Fight
,
and
took
many
Prisoners
;
thence
marching
to
Lagon
,
and
driving
out
the
Achaean
Garrison
,
he
restor'd
the
City
to
the
Elaeans
.
The
Affairs
of
the
Achaeans
being
in
this
desperate
condition
,
Aratus
,
who
was
wont
to
continue
in
his
Government
above
a
year
,
refus'd
the
Command
,
though
they
entreated
and
urg'd
him
to
accept
it
;
and
this
was
ill
done
,
when
the
Storm
was
high
,
to
put
the
Power
out
of
his
own
hands
,
and
set
another
to
the
Helm
.
Cleomenes
at
first
propos'd
fair
and
easie
Conditions
by
his
Ambassadors
to
the
Achaeans
;
but
afterward
he
sent
others
,
and
requir'd
the
chief
Command
to
be
settled
upon
him
;
and
in
other
Matters
he
promis'd
to
agree
to
reasonable
Terms
,
and
to
restore
their
Captives
and
their
Countrey
.
The
Achaeans
were
willing
to
come
to
an
agreement
upon
those
terms
,
and
invited
Cleomenes
to
Lerna
,
where
an
Assembly
was
to
be
held
;
but
it
hapned
that
Cleomenes
hastily
marching
on
,
and
unreasonably
drinking
Water
,
brought
up
abundance
of
Blood
,
and
lost
his
Voice
:
therefore
being
unable
to
continue
his
March
,
he
sent
the
chiefest
of
the
Captives
to
the
Achaeans
,
and
putting
off
the
Meeting
for
some
time
retir'd
to
Lacedaemon
.
This
ruin'd
the
Affairs
of
Greece
,
which
was
just
then
ready
to
recover
it self
out
of
its
Disasters
,
and
avoid
the
insulting
and
Covetousness
of
the
Macedonians
:
for
Aratus
,
whether
fearing
or
distrusting
Cleomenes
,
or
envying
his
unlook'd-for
Success
,
or
thinking
it
a
disgrace
for
him
who
had
commanded
33
years
,
to
have
a
young
Man
succeed
to
all
his
Glory
and
his
Power
,
and
be
Head
of
that
Government
which
he
had
been
raising
and
setling
so
many
years
;
he
first
endeavour'd
to
keep
the
Achaeans
from
closing
with
Cleomenes
;
but
when
they
would
not
hearken
to
him
,
fearing
I
write
this
not
out
of
any
design
to
disgrace
Aratus
(
for
in
many
things
he
shew'd
himself
vigorous
for
the
Graecian
Interest
,
and
a
great
Man
)
but
out
of
pity
to
the
weakness
of
Humane
Nature
,
which
,
in
such
a
Person
so
excellent
,
and
so
many
ways
disposed
to
Vertue
,
cannot
attain
to
a
State
irreprehensible
.
The
Achaeans
meeting
again
at
Argos
,
and
Cleomenes
descending
from
Tegea
,
there
were
great
hopes
that
all
Differences
would
be
compos'd
.
But
Aratus
,
Antigonus
,
and
He
having
already
agreed
upon
the
chief
Articles
of
their
League
,
fearing
that
Cleomenes
would
carry
all
before
him
,
and
either
win
,
or
force
the
Multitude
to
comply
with
his
Demands
,
propos'd
,
that
,
having
three
hundred
Hostages
put
into
his
Hands
,
he
should
come
alone
into
the
Town
,
or
bring
his
Army
to
the
place
of
Exercise
,
call'd
Cillarabion
,
without
the
City
,
and
treat
there
.
Cleomenes
hearing
this
,
said
,
That
he
was
unjustly
dealt
with
;
for
they
ought
to
have
told
him
so
plainly
at
first
,
and
not
now
he
was
come
even
to
their
Doors
,
show
their
Jealousie
,
and
deny
him
Admission
:
and
writing
an
Epistle
to
the
Achaeans
about
the
same
Subject
;
the
greatest
part
of
which
was
an
Accusation
of
Aratus
;
and
Aratus
,
on
the
other
side
,
ripping
up
his
Faults
to
the
Assembly
,
he
hastily
dislodg'd
;
and
sent
a
Trumpeter
to
denounce
War
against
the
Achaeans
,
but
not
to
Argos
,
but
to
Aegium
,
as
Aratus
delivers
,
that
he
might
not
give
them
notice
enough
to
make
Provision
for
their
Defence
.
Upon
this
,
the
Achaeans
were
mightily
disturb'd
,
the
common
People
expecting
a
Division
of
the
Land
,
and
a
Release
from
their
Debts
;
and
the
chief
Men
being
on
many
Accounts
displeas'd
with
Aratus
,
and
some
Angry
and
at
odds
with
him
,
as
the
occasion
of
the
Macedonians
descent
on
Peloponnesus
.
Encouraged
by
these
Misunderstandings
,
Cleomenes
invades
Achaea
;
and
first
took
Pellene
by
surprise
,
and
beat
out
the
Achaean
Garrison
;
and
afterward
brought
over
Pheneon
and
Pentelaeon
to
his
side
.
Now
the
Achaeans
suspecting
some
treacherous
Designs
at
Corinth
and
Sicyon
,
sent
their
Horse
and
Mercenaries
out
of
Argos
to
have
an
Eye
upon
those
Cities
,
and
they
themselves
went
to
Argos
to
celebrate
the
Nemean
Games
.
Cleomenes
advertis'd
of
this
march
,
and
hoping
(
as
it
afterward
fell
out
)
that
upon
an
unexpected
Advance
to
the
City
now
busied
in
the
Solemnity
of
the
Games
,
and
throng'd
with
numerous
Spectators
he
should
raise
a
considerable
Terror
and
Confusion
amongst
them
;
by
night
he
march'd
with
his
Army
to
the
Walls
,
and
taking
the
quarter
of
the
Town
call'd
Aspis
,
which
lies
above
the
Theater
,
a
place
well
fortify'd
,
and
hard
to
be
approach'd
,
he
so
terrify'd
them
,
that
none
offer'd
to
resist
,
but
agreed
to
accept
a
Garrison
,
to
give
twenty
Citizens
for
Hostages
,
and
to
assist
the
Lacedaemonians
,
and
that
he
should
have
the
chief
Command
.
This
Action
considerably
encreas'd
his
Reputation
,
and
his
Power
;
for
the
ancient
Spartan
Kings
,
though
they
many
ways
endeavour'd
to
effect
it
,
could
never
bring
Argos
to
be
stedfastly
and
sincerely
theirs
.
And
Pyrrhus
a
most
experienc'd
Captain
,
and
brave
Souldier
,
though
be
entred
the
City
by
force
,
could
not
keep
Possession
,
but
was
slain
himself
with
a
considerable
part
of
his
Army
:
Therefore
they
admir'd
the
Dispatch
and
Contrivance
of
Cleomenes
;
and
those
that
before
derided
him
for
saying
that
he
imitated
Solon
and
Lycurgus
in
releasing
the
People
from
their
debts
,
and
in
equally
dividing
the
Wealth
of
the
Citizens
,
were
now
perswaded
that
he
was
the
cause
of
the
desirable
Alterations
in
the
Spartan
Common-wealth
:
For
before
they
were
very
low
in
the
World
,
and
so
unable
to
secure
their
own
that
the
Aetolians
invading
Laconia
,
brought
away
fifty
thousand
Slaves
;
(
so
that
one
of
the
elder
Spartans
is
reported
to
have
said
,
That
They
had
done
Laconia
a
kindness
by
unburdening
it
)
and
yet
a
little
while
after
applying
themselves
to
their
own
Customs
,
and
ancient
Institution
,
they
gave
notable
Instances
of
Courage
as
Obedience
,
and
if
they
had
been
under
the
Eye
of
Lycurgus
himself
;
and
quickly
rais'd
Sparta
to
be
Head
of
all
Greece
,
and
recover'd
Peloponnesus
to
themselves
.
Whilst
Argos
was
taken
,
and
Cleonae
and
Philius
sided
with
Cleomenes
,
Aratus
was
at
Corinth
searching
after
some
,
who
were
reported
to
favour
the
Spartan
Interest
.
The
News
being
brought
to
him
,
disturb'd
him
very
much
;
for
he
perceiv'd
the
City
inclining
to
Cleomenes
,
and
the
Achaeans
willing
to
be
at
ease
;
therefore
he
call'd
all
the
Citizens
into
the
common
Hall
,
and
,
as
it
were
undesignedly
retreating
to
the
Gate
,
he
mounted
his
Horse
that
stood
ready
there
,
and
fled
to
Sicyon
;
and
the
Corinthians
made
such
hast
to
Cleomenes
at
Argos
,
that
(
as
Aratus
says
)
striving
who
should
be
first
there
,
they
spoil'd
all
their
Horses
:
and
Cleomenes
was
very
angry
with
the
Corinthians
for
letting
Aratus
escape
:
And
Megistones
came
from
Cleomenes
to
him
,
desiring
him
to
deliver
up
the
Castle
of
Corinth
,
which
was
then
garrison'd
by
the
Achaeans
,
and
offer'd
him
a
considerable
Sum
of
Money
;
and
that
he
answered
,
That
Matters
were
not
now
in
his
Power
,
but
he
in
theirs
.
Thus
Aratus
himself
writes
.
But
Cleomenes
marching
from
Argos
,
and
taking
in
the
Traezenians
,
Epidaurians
,
and
Hermioneans
,
came
to
Corinth
,
and
block'd
up
the
Castle
which
the
Achaeans
would
not
surrender
;
and
sending
for
Cleomenes
.
Aristotle
was
the
Man
that
wrought
the
Revolt
,
and
he
had
no
hard
task
to
perswade
the
common
People
;
for
they
were
all
angry
with
Cleomenes
for
not
releasing
them
from
their
Debts
as
they
expected
.
Upon
this
Advertisement
Aratus
with
fifteen
hundred
of
This
News
afflicted
him
extreamly
,
and
he
griev'd
,
as
a
young
Man
would
do
for
the
loss
of
a
very
beautiful
and
excellent
Wife
;
yet
his
Passion
did
not
debase
the
greatness
of
his
Mind
,
but
keeping
his
usual
Voice
,
his
Countenance
,
and
his
Habit
,
he
gave
necessary
Orders
to
his
Captains
,
and
took
care
to
secure
the
Tegeans
.
The
next
day
he
retir'd
to
Sparta
,
and
having
at
home
with
his
Mother
and
Children
bewail'd
the
loss
,
and
finish'd
his
Mourning
,
he
presently
appear'd
about
the
publick
Affairs
of
the
State.
Now
Ptolomy
,
the
King
of
Aegypt
,
promis'd
him
Assistance
,
but
demanded
his
Mother
and
Children
for
Hostages
:
this
for
some
considerable
time
he
was
asham'd
to
discover
to
his
Mother
;
and
though
he
often
went
to
her
on
purpose
,
and
was
just
upon
the
Discourse
,
yet
still
refrain'd
,
and
kept
it
to
himself
:
so
that
she
began
to
suspect
somewhat
,
and
ask'd
his
Friends
,
Whether
Cleomenes
had
somewhat
to
say
to
her
,
which
he
was
afraid
to
speak
?
At
last
Cleomenes
venturing
to
tell
her
,
she
laugh'd
heartily
,
and
said
,
Was
this
the
thing
that
you
had
often
a
mind
to
tell
me
,
and
was
afraid
?
Why
do
not
you
put
me
on
Shipboard
,
and
send
this
Carkase
where
it
may
be
most
serviceable
to
Sparta
,
before
Age
wastes
it
unprofitably
here
?
Therefore
all
things
being
provided
for
the
Voyage
,
they
went
to
Taenarus
on
Foot
,
and
the
Army
waited
on
them
.
Cratesiclaea
,
when
she
was
ready
to
go
on
Board
,
took
Cleomenes
aside
into
Go
to
King
of
Sparta
;
when
we
are
without
door
,
let
none
see
us
Weep
,
or
show
any
Passion
below
the
Honour
and
Dignity
of
Sparta
;
for
that
alone
is
in
our
own
Power
:
as
for
Success
or
Disappointments
,
those
wait
on
us
as
the
Deity
decrees
.
Having
said
thus
,
and
compos'd
her
Countenance
,
she
went
to
the
Ship
with
her
little
Grandson
,
and
bad
the
Pilot
put
presently
out
to
Sea.
When
she
came
to
Aegypt
,
and
understood
that
Ptolomy
entertain'd
Proposals
and
Overtures
of
Peace
from
Antigonus
,
and
that
Cleomenes
,
tho
the
Achaeans
invited
and
urg'd
him
to
an
Agreement
,
was
afraid
,
for
her
sake
,
to
come
to
any
,
without
Mantinaea
,
Cleomenes
was
shut
up
within
the
narrow
Bounds
of
Laconia
,
and
made
such
of
the
Heilots
as
could
pay
five
Attick
pounds
,
free
of
Sparta
,
and
by
that
means
got
together
500
Talents
;
and
arming
2000
after
the
Macedonian
fashion
,
that
he
might
make
a
Body
fit
to
oppose
Achaeans
.
Cleomenes
having
a
design
upon
this
City
,
(
no
Action
was
ever
more
sudden
and
more
unexpected
)
order'd
his
Men
to
take
five
days
Provision
,
and
so
march'd
to
Sellasia
,
as
if
he
intended
to
spoil
the
Country
of
the
Argives
;
but
from
thence
making
a
descent
into
the
Territories
of
Megalopolis
,
and
refreshing
his
Army
about
Rhaetium
,
he
march'd
through
Helicon
,
directly
to
the
City
.
When
he
was
not
far
off
the
Town
,
he
sent
Panteus
with
two
Regiments
to
surprize
the
Mesopyrgion
,
(
the
Quarter
between
the
two
Towers
)
which
he
understood
to
be
the
most
unguarded
Quarter
of
the
Megalopolitans
Fortifications
;
and
with
the
rest
of
his
Forces
he
follow'd
leisurely
Panteus
,
not
only
surpriz'd
that
place
,
but
finding
a
great
part
of
the
Wall
without
Guards
,
he
pull'd
down
some
Places
,
and
demolish'd
others
,
and
kill'd
all
the
Defenders
that
he
found
.
Whilst
he
was
thus
busied
,
Cleomenes
came
up
to
him
,
and
was
got
with
his
Army
within
the
City
,
before
the
Megalopolitans
knew
of
the
surprize
:
At
last
,
as
soon
as
it
was
discover'd
,
some
left
the
Town
immediately
,
taking
with
them
what
Money
they
had
ready
;
some
arm'd
,
and
engag'd
the
Enemy
;
and
tho'
they
were
not
able
to
beat
them
out
,
yet
they
gave
their
Citizens
time
and
opportunity
safely
to
retire
:
so
that
there
were
not
above
1000
Persons
left
in
the
Town
,
all
the
rest
flying
with
their
Wives
and
Children
,
and
escaping
to
Messena
.
A
great
number
of
those
that
arm'd
and
fought
the
Enemy
,
were
sav'd
,
and
very
few
taken
,
amongst
whom
were
Lysandridas
and
Thearidas
,
two
Men
of
great
Power
and
Reputation
amongst
the
Magalopolitans
;
and
therefore
the
Soldiers
,
as
soon
as
they
were
taken
,
brought
them
to
Cleomenes
:
And
Lysandridas
,
as
soon
as
he
saw
Cleomenes
afar
off
,
cry'd
out
:
Now
King
of
Sparta
,
't
is
in
your
power
by
doing
a
most
Kingly
and
braver
Action
than
you
have
alredy
perform'd
,
to
purchase
a
considerable
Glory
.
And
Cleomenes
guessing
at
his
meaning
,
reply'd
,
What
do
you
say
Lysandridas
,
sure
you
will
not
advise
me
to
restore
your
City
to
you
again
?
'T
is
that
which
I
mean
;
Lysandridas
reply'd
,
and
I
advise
you
not
to
ruin
so
brave
a
City
,
but
to
fill
it
with
faithful
and
stedfast
Friends
and
Allies
,
by
restoring
their
Country
to
the
Megalopolitans
,
and
being
the
Saviour
of
so
considerable
a
People
.
Cleomenes
paus'd
a
while
,
and
then
said
,
'T
is
very
hard
to
trust
so
far
in
these
Matters
;
but
with
us
let
Profit
always
yield
to
Glory
.
Having
said
this
,
he
sent
the
two
Men
to
Messena
with
a
Trumpeter
from
himself
,
offering
the
Megalopolitans
their
City
again
,
if
they
would
forsake
the
Achaean
Interest
,
and
be
on
his
side
.
Thô
Cleomenes
made
these
kind
and
obliging
Proposals
,
yet
Philopaemen
would
not
suffer
them
to
break
their
League
with
the
Achaeans
;
and
accusing
Cleomenes
to
the
People
,
as
if
his
design
was
not
to
restore
the
City
,
but
to
take
the
Citizens
too
,
he
forc'd
Thearidas
and
Lysandridas
to
leave
Messena
.
This
was
that
Philopaemen
,
who
was
afterward
Chief
of
the
Achaeans
,
and
a
Man
of
the
greatest
Reputation
amongst
the
Greeks
,
as
I
have
made
it
appear
in
his
own
Life
.
This
News
coming
to
Cleomenes
,
though
he
had
before
taken
such
strict
care
that
the
City
should
not
be
plunder'd
,
yet
then
being
in
a
Fury
,
and
put
out
of
all
Patience
,
he
rifled
them
of
all
their
Coin
,
Plate
and
Jewels
,
and
sent
their
Statues
and
Pictures
unto
Sparta
;
and
demolishing
a
great
part
of
the
City
,
he
march'd
away
for
fear
of
Antigonus
and
the
Achaeans
:
but
they
never
stirr'd
,
for
they
were
in
Aegium
,
at
a
Council
of
War.
There
Aratus
mounted
the
Desk
,
wept
a
long
while
,
and
held
his
Mantle
before
his
Face
;
and
at
last
,
the
company
being
amaz'd
,
and
commanding
him
to
speak
,
he
said
,
Megalopolis
is
ruin'd
by
Cleomenes
,
The
Assembly
was
presently
Dissolv'd
;
the
Achaeans
being
extremely
surpriz'd
at
the
suddeness
and
greatness
of
the
loss
;
and
Antigonus
intending
to
send
speedy
succors
,
when
he
found
his
Army
to
gather
very
slowly
out
of
their
Winter-Quarters
,
he
sent
them
Orders
to
continue
there
still
;
and
he
himself
march'd
to
Argos
with
a
considerable
Body
of
Men.
The
The
second
Enterprize
of
Cleomenes
seem'd
to
be
carry'd
on
by
extreme
Boldness
and
unaccountable
Madness
;
but
yet
in
That
Money
was
the
Sinews
of
Affairs
,
seem'd
chiefly
in
that
Saying
to
respect
War
:
And
Demades
,
when
the
Athenians
had
voted
that
a
Navy
should
be
made
ready
,
but
had
no
Money
,
said
,
They
should
make
Bread
before
they
thought
of
Sailing
.
And
the
old
Archidamus
,
in
the
beginning
of
the
Poloponnesian
War
,
when
the
Allies
desir'd
,
that
each
Parties
share
of
Contributions
for
the
War
should
be
determin'd
,
is
reported
to
have
said
,
War
cannot
be
kept
to
a
set
Diet
:
For
as
well
breath'd
Wrestlers
do
in
time
weary
and
tire
out
the
most
active
and
most
skilful
Combitant
;
so
Antigonus
coming
to
the
War
with
a
great
stock
of
Wealth
,
weary'd
out
Cleomenes
,
whose
Poverty
made
it
difficult
for
him
either
to
provide
Pay
for
the
Mercenaries
,
or
Provisions
for
the
Citizens
.
For
in
all
other
Respects
the
Time
favour'd
Cleomenes
;
for
But
Damoteles
(
for
some
say
Antigonus
had
brib'd
him
)
telling
him
that
he
should
not
be
solicitous
about
that
matter
,
for
all
was
well
enough
,
but
mind
,
and
fight
those
that
met
him
in
the
Front.
He
was
satisfied
,
and
advanc'd
against
Antigonus
;
and
by
the
vigorous
Charge
of
his
Spartans
,
made
the
Macedonian
Phalanx
give
ground
,
and
press'd
upon
them
with
great
Advantage
about
halfe
a
Mile
;
but
then
making
a
stand
,
and
seeing
the
danger
which
the
surrounded
Wing
commanded
by
his
Brother
Eucleidas
was
in
,
he
cry'd
out
,
Thou
art
lost
,
dear
Brother
,
thou
art
lost
,
thou
brave
example
to
our
Spartan
Youth
,
and
Theme
of
our
Matron's
Songs
.
O
fine
Day
!
and
presently
bringing
up
abundance
of
Blood
,
fell
into
a
Fever
,
and
dy'd
in
a
short
time
.
And
thus
much
concerning
Antigonus
.
Cleomenes
sailing
from
Cytherae
,
touch'd
at
another
Island
call'd
Aegyalia
,
whence
,
as
he
was
about
to
depart
from
Cyrene
,
one
of
his
Friends
,
Therycion
by
name
,
a
Man
of
an
haughty
Spirit
in
all
Enterprizes
,
and
high
and
boasting
in
his
Talk
,
came
privately
to
him
,
and
said
thus
;
Sir
,
Death
in
Battel
,
which
is
the
most
Glorious
,
we
have
let
go
;
though
all
heard
us
say
,
that
Antigonus
should
never
tread
over
the
King
of
Sparta
,
unless
dead
:
And
now
,
that
which
is
next
in
Bravery
and
Glory
,
is
presented
to
us
.
Whither
do
we
madly
sail
,
flying
that
which
is
near
,
and
seeking
that
which
is
far
removed
?
For
if
it
is
not
dishonourable
for
the
Race
of
Hercules
,
to
serve
the
Successors
of
Philip
and
Alexander
,
we
shall
save
a
long
Voyage
by
delivering
our selves
up
to
Antigonus
,
who
probably
surpasseth
Ptolomy
as
much
as
the
Macedonians
do
the
Aegyptians
;
but
if
we
think
it
mean
to
submit
to
those
whose
Arms
have
conquer'd
us
,
why
should
we
chuse
him
for
our
Lord
by
whom
we
have
not
yet
been
beaten
?
Is
it
that
instead
of
one
we
might
appear
meaner
than
two
,
whilst
we
fly
Antigonus
,
and
flatter
Ptolemy
?
Or
,
is
it
for
your
Mothers
sake
that
you
retreat
to
Aegypt
?
It
will
indeed
be
a
very
fine
,
and
very
desirable
sight
for
her
to
be
shown
her
Son
by
Ptolemy
's
Women
,
now
chang'd
from
a
Prince
into
an
Exile
and
a
Slave
.
Are
we
not
still
Masters
of
our
own
Swords
?
And
whilst
we
have
Laconia
in
view
,
shall
we
not
here
free
our selves
from
this
disgraceful
Misery
,
and
clear
our selves
to
those
,
who
at
Sellasia
dy'd
for
the
Honour
and
Defence
of
Sparta
?
Or
,
shall
we
sit
lazily
in
Aegypt
enquiring
what
News
from
Sparta
?
and
whom
Antigonus
hath
been
pleas'd
to
make
Governor
of
Lacedemon
?
Thus
spoke
Therycion
;
and
this
was
By
seeking
Death
,
you
Coward
,
the
most
easie
,
and
most
ready
Refuge
,
you
fancy
that
you
shall
appear
couragious
and
brave
,
though
this
Flight
is
baser
than
thy
former
.
Better
Men
than
we
have
given
way
to
their
Enemies
,
having
been
betray'd
by
Fortune
,
or
oppress'd
by
Multitude
;
but
he
that
sinks
under
Labour
or
Afflictions
,
the
Opinions
or
Reproaches
of
Men
,
is
overcome
by
his
own
Effeminacy
and
Softness
:
For
a
voluntary
Death
ought
not
to
be
chosen
as
a
Relief
from
Action
,
but
an
Exemplary
Action
it self
;
and
't
is
base
either
to
live
or
die
only
to
our selves
.
That
Death
to
which
you
now
invite
us
,
I
propos'd
only
as
a
Release
from
our
present
Miseries
,
but
carries
nothing
of
Bravery
or
Profit
in
it
.
And
I
think
it
becomes
both
me
and
you
not
to
despair
of
our
Country
;
but
when
there
are
no
hopes
of
that
left
,
those
that
have
an
Inclination
may
quickly
die
.
To
this
Therycion
return'd
no
Answer
;
but
as
soon
as
he
could
get
out
of
But
the
elder
Ptolomy
dying
before
The
King
,
if
it
were
possible
,
should
have
more
Brothers
for
the
better
security
and
management
of
his
Affairs
:
And
Sosibius
,
the
greatest
Favourite
,
replying
,
That
they
were
not
secure
of
the
Mercenaries
whilst
Magas
was
alive
?
Cleomenes
return'd
,
That
he
need
not
trouble
himself
about
that
Matter
;
for
amongst
the
Mercenaries
there
were
above
3000
Pelopponesians
,
who
were
his
fast
Friends
,
and
whom
he
could
command
at
any
time
with
his
Nod.
This
Discourse
made
Cleomenes
for
the
present
to
be
look'd
upon
as
a
Man
of
Integrity
and
Power
;
but
afterwards
(
That
he
was
a
Lion
midst
a
flock
of
Sheep
:
for
such
he
seem'd
to
be
in
the
Court
,
slyly
overlooking
and
taking
notice
of
the
management
of
Affairs
;
therefore
when
he
desir'd
a
Navy
and
an
Army
from
the
King
,
his
Petition
was
rejected
.
But
when
he
understood
that
Antigonus
was
dead
,
that
the
Achaians
were
engag'd
in
a
War
with
the
Aetolians
,
and
that
the
Affairs
of
Pelopponnesus
,
being
now
in
very
great
Distraction
and
Distress
,
requir'd
and
invited
his
Assistance
,
he
desir'd
leave
to
depart
only
with
his
Friends
,
but
could
not
obtain
that
,
the
King
not
so
much
as
hearing
his
Petition
,
being
shut
up
amongst
his
Women
,
and
wasting
his
Hours
in
Debauchery
and
Frolicks
.
But
Sosibius
,
the
chief
Minister
of
State
,
thought
that
Cleomones
being
detain'd
against
his
will
,
would
grow
ungovernable
and
dangerous
,
and
yet
that
it
was
not
safe
to
let
him
go
,
being
an
aspiring
,
daring
Man
,
and
well
acquainted
with
the
Diseases
and
Weakness
of
the
Kingdom
;
for
no
Presents
,
no
Gifts
,
could
win
him
to
a
Complyance
.
But
as
the
Ox
Apis
,
though
revelling
in
all
possible
plenty
and
delight
,
yet
desires
to
live
as
nature
would
provide
for
him
,
to
be
at
liberty
,
and
frisk
about
the
Fields
,
and
can
scarce
endure
to
be
uuder
the
Priests
keeping
;
so
he
could
not
brook
their
Courtship
,
and
tender
Entertainment
,
but
like
Achilles
,
Whilst
there
,
his
heart
did
waste
with
secret
grief
,
And
he
was
eager
for
the
noisy
Wars
.
His
Affairs
standing
in
this
condition
,
Nicagoras
the
Messenian
came
to
Alexandria
,
a
Man
that
deeply
hated
Cleomenes
,
yet
pretended
to
be
his
Friend
;
for
he
had
formerly
sold
Cleomenes
a
fair
Estate
,
but
never
receiv'd
the
Money
,
because
Cleomenes
was
either
unable
,
(
as
it
may
be
)
or
else
,
by
reason
of
his
engagement
in
the
Wars
and
other
Distractions
,
had
no
time
to
pay
him
.
Cleomenes
seeing
him
landing
,
(
for
he
was
then
walking
upon
the
Key
)
kindly
saluted
him
,
and
ask'd
,
What
Business
brought
to
Aegypt
?
Nicagoras
return'd
his
Compliment
,
and
told
him
,
That
he
came
to
bring
some
excellent
War-horses
to
the
King.
And
Cleomenes
with
a
Smile
subjoyn'd
,
I
wish
you
had
rather
brought
Pimps
,
Whores
,
and
Pathicks
;
for
those
now
are
the
King
's
chief
Delight
.
Nicagoras
at
the
present
smil'd
at
the
Conceit
;
but
a
few
days
after
he
put
Cleomenes
in
mind
of
the
Estate
that
he
had
bought
of
him
,
and
desir'd
his
Money
,
protesting
that
he
would
not
have
trouble
him
,
if
his
Merchandize
had
turned
to
that
Account
,
which
he
thought
it
would
.
Cleomenes
reyly'd
,
That
he
had
not
a
penny
left
of
all
that
had
been
given
him
:
At
which
Answer
Nicagoras
being
nettled
,
told
Sosibius
Cleomenes's
Scoff
upon
the
King.
He
caress'd
him
for
the
Discovery
,
but
desiring
to
have
some
greater
Reason
to
excite
the
King
against
Cleomenes
,
persuaded
Nicagoras
to
leave
a
Letter
written
against
Cleomenes
,
importing
that
he
had
a
Design
,
if
he
could
have
gotten
Ships
and
Soldiers
,
to
surprize
Cyrene
:
Nicagoras
wrote
such
a
Letter
,
and
left
Aegypt
.
Four
days
after
Sosibius
brought
the
Letter
to
Ptolomy
,
pretending
it
was
just
then
deliver'd
him
,
and
with
a
bitter
Invective
excited
the
Fury
of
the
Youth
;
upon
this
it
was
agreed
,
that
Cleomenes
should
be
invited
into
a
large
Apartment
,
and
treated
as
formerly
,
but
not
suffer'd
to
go
out
again
:
this
Usage
was
grievous
to
Cleomenes
,
and
by
this
unlucky
Accident
,
his
Hopes
for
the
future
seem'd
to
be
quite
dash'd
.
Ptolomy
,
the
Son
of
Chrysermas
,
a
Favourite
of
the
Kings
,
always
carried
himself
fairly
towards
Cleomenes
;
they
contracted
a
near
Acquaintance
,
and
would
talk
freely
together
about
the
State.
He
upon
Thus
fell
Cleomenes
,
,
that
great
,
brave
Man
,
after
he
had
been
king
of
Sparta
sixteen
Years
.
The
news
of
their
Fall
being
nois'd
through
the
City
,
Cratesilaea
,
though
a
Woman
of
a
great
Spirit
,
could
not
bear
up
against
the
insupportable
weight
of
this
Affliction
;
but
embracing
O
Children
,
whither
〈◊〉
you
gone
?
But
as
Oxen
breed
Bees
,
putrifying
Horses
breed
Hornets
,
and
Beetles
rise
from
the
Carkasses
of
dead
Asses
,
so
the
Humours
and
Iuices
of
the
Marrow
of
a
Man's
Body
coagulating
,
produce
Serpents
.
And
this
the
Ancients
observing
,
appropriated
a
Serpent
rather
than
any
other
Creature
to
Heroe's
.