Distant Reader - author-burroughEdward-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-23 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 64 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 1,328,001 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 20,750 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 96. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

god, lord, christ, will, spirit, people, shall, may, things, men, us, one, light, man, truth, world, many, now, power, true, yet, life, false, though, made, forth, come, say, way, day, even, every, words, without, doth, law, must, good, worship, let, great, ye, scriptures, another, conscience, religion, word, called, evil, sin

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are The memorable works of a son of thunder and consolation namely that true prophet and faithful servant of God and sufferer for the testimony of Jesus, Edward Burroughs, who dyed a prisoner for the word of God in the city of London, the fourteenth of the twelfth moneth, 1662., Good counsel and advice rejected by disobedient men and the dayes of Oliver Cromwells visitation passed over, and also of Richard Cromwel his son ..., and The principles of truth being a declaration of our faith, who are call''d Quakers: whereby all that wants peace with God, may return into their first estate, through the operation of the Light and power of God in the great work of regeneration. Written by E.B. J.C. W.D. H.S. I.P. and A.P..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

every man, false prophets, every one, made manifest, christ jesus, brought forth, lord god, lord will, jesus christ, english books, early english, good conscience, conscience sake, books online, one another, true church, called quakers, living god, towards god, false prophet, god will, whole world, light within, take heed, holy ghost, page images, may see, may read, eternal life, true religion, held forth, apostles dayes, bring forth, edward burrough, many things, given forth, bear witness, true god, christ within, may come, let us, textual changes, defects per, true judgment, shall never, creation partnership, text creation, people may, shall come, mens consciences

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are The cause of stumbling removed from all that will receive the truth; and from before the eyes of the wise men of London: in a treatise shewing the difference between the spirit of a man which is the candle of the Lord, and the light which hath enlightned every man that cometh into the world. Also shewing ... there is not diversity of lights and spirits, by which they are ministred ... Herein also is a false hosanna, and a false testimony reproved ... the name of him which hath so long travell''d to bring forth wind and confusion, is one known in the city of London by the name of Iohn Iackson ... that so ... understanding and knowledge of the truth may be increased, in those that follow on to know the Lord. Given forth from the Lords servant, Richard Hubberthorne. Truth defended. Or, Certain accusations answered, cast upon us who are called Quakers; by the teachers of the world, and the people of this generation. With a cleare discovery, who are the false prophets, and when they came in. And who they are that deny Christ, and that preach another gospel. And who deny the scriptures, churches, ministers, and magistrates, whereby the magistrates and people of this nation may see they justifie that which the scripture condemns, and condemne that which the holy men of God justified. / By a servant of the Lord, whose name in the flesh is, Edward Burrough., and A measure of the times: and a full & clear description of the signes of the times, and of the changing of the times; and of the reign of Antichrist, who hath long reigned, and of his down-fall, which is at hand; and of the kingdom of Christ which is now setting up in the earth. Shewing unto all people in all nations, what the state of things hath been in ages past, and what the state of things are at this present day. ... And also, here it is manifest, concerning the teachers of this age, and the root from whence they sprang, who are manifest to be of that stock of false prophets, which Christ prophesied of should come, and which the Apostles saw was coming in their dayes, and how that the night of darknesse hath been upon all, for many generations: ... And also, the restauration is described, which shortly cometh, wherein Christ shall reign, whose right it is, and shall change laws and decrees, and the lamb shall be the light of all nations, ... and their King shall possesse the uttermost parts of the earth. By one who hath measured the times, who is come to the day that hath made all things manifest. Edw: Burrough..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

lord, god, spirit, christ, law, scriptures, government, father, tcp, light, church, saints, religion, people, nations, nation, truth, scripture, ministry, gospel, earth, conscience, word, thy, teachers, son, quakers, prophets, power, ministers, life, king, authority, apostles, testimony, richard, john, city, christians, beast, worship, world, william, way, town, thou, thee, shire, ship, sessions

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and Good counsel and advice rejected by disobedient men and the dayes of Oliver Cromwells visitation passed over, and also of Richard Cromwel his son ... is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

people, things, men, man, light, truth, day, way, words, hath, power, spirit, scriptures, life, time, world, heart, thing, sin, religion, hearts, self, others, scripture, name, selves, end, death, saints, work, thee, doth, works, cause, conscience, peace, text, none, enemies, worship, knowledge, evil, hand, dayes, one, glory, word, sake, witness, sight

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, are, have, was, do, were, been, made, come, say, had, did, said, let, called, hath, according, know, being, make, given, give, done, brought, believe, see, concerning, deny, set, received, take, receive, suffer, speak, answer, put, bring, live, known, am, sent, walk, cast, read, judge, own, stand, found, prove

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, lord, christ, thou, 〉, spirit, ◊, hath, 〈, world, law, ye, life, church, power, jesus, earth, word, c., government, truth, father, christians, ministry, conscience, ministers, apostles, ●, gospel, righteousness, king, kingdom, hast, authority, nations, nation, faith, thee, devil, light, worship, heaven, son, doctrine, peace, quakers, judgment, beast, holy, england

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

you, it, his, they, them, he, your, their, i, we, him, thy, us, our, my, thee, me, themselves, her, its, himself, she, ye, theirs, yours, ours, one, mine, ts, itself, u, thou, ourselves, em, ''s, ●, vvith, nay, yo, whosoever, vvhat, trodden, thyself, s, pe, ng, na, myself, mself, imself

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, many, true, own, false, same, great, other, good, more, contrary, first, manifest, evil, much, whole, wicked, free, outward, present, perfect, very, pure, high, eternal, poor, particular, unjust, old, faithful, guilty, vain, innocent, holy, spiritual, righteous, right, little, doth, cruel, full, early, dead, blind, carnal, clear, saith, able, former, long

not, so, then, now, forth, even, up, ever, yet, therefore, more, thus, also, never, down, again, out, here, in, only, away, as, just, thereof, much, well, all, very, truly, first, together, rather, whatsoever, onely, justly, falsly, thereby, once, off, long, further, therein, there, most, far, no, otherwise, indeed, at, fully

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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