Familiar and courtly letters written by Monsieur Voiture to persons of the greatest honour, wit, and quality of both sexes in the court of France ; made English by Mr. Dryden, Tho. Cheek, Esq., Mr. Dennis, Henry Cromwel, Esq., Jos. Raphson, Esq., Dr. -, &c. ; with twelve select epistles out of Aristanetus, translated from the Greek ; some select letters of Pliny, Jun and Monsieur Fontanelle, translated by Mr. Tho. Brown ; and a collection of original letters lately written on several subjects, by Mr. T. Brown ; to which is added a collection of letters of friendship, and other occasional letters, written by Mr. Dryden, Mr. Wycherly, Mr. -, Mr. Congreve, Mr. Dennis, and other hands. Voiture, Monsieur de (Vincent), 1597-1648. 1700 Approx. 521 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 220 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2003-01 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A65151 Wing V682 ESTC R34733 14576578 ocm 14576578 102651 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A65151) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 102651) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1077:14) Familiar and courtly letters written by Monsieur Voiture to persons of the greatest honour, wit, and quality of both sexes in the court of France ; made English by Mr. Dryden, Tho. Cheek, Esq., Mr. Dennis, Henry Cromwel, Esq., Jos. Raphson, Esq., Dr. -, &c. ; with twelve select epistles out of Aristanetus, translated from the Greek ; some select letters of Pliny, Jun and Monsieur Fontanelle, translated by Mr. Tho. Brown ; and a collection of original letters lately written on several subjects, by Mr. T. Brown ; to which is added a collection of letters of friendship, and other occasional letters, written by Mr. Dryden, Mr. Wycherly, Mr. -, Mr. Congreve, Mr. Dennis, and other hands. Voiture, Monsieur de (Vincent), 1597-1648. Brown, Thomas, 1663-1704. Dryden, John, 1631-1700. Congreve, William, 1670-1729. Wycherley, William, 1640-1716. [17], 266, [12], 167 p. : ports. Printed for Sam. Briscoe ... and sold by J. Nutt ..., London : 1700. Part 2 has special t.p. and separate paging. Imperfect: pages stained. Reproduction of original in the Huntington Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. 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Erotic literature. 2002-07 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2002-07 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2002-08 Judith Siefring Sampled and proofread 2002-08 Judith Siefring Text and markup reviewed and edited 2002-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion Familiar and Courtly LETTERS , Written by Monsieur Voiture To Persons of the greatest Honour , Wit , and Quality of both Sexes in the Court of FRANCE . Made English by Mr. Dryden , Tho. Cheek , Esq Mr. Dennis , Henry Cromwel , Esq Jos. Raphson , Esq Dr. — , &c. WITH Twelve Select EPISTLES out of Aristanetus : Translated from the Greek . Some Select LETTERS of Pliny , Jun. and Monsieur Fontanelle . Translated by Mr. Tho. Brown. And a Collection of Original LETTERS lately written on several Subjects . By Mr. T. Brown. Never before Publish'd . To which is added , A Collection of LETTERS of Friendship , and other Occasional LETTERS , written by Mr. Dryden , Mr. Wycherly , Mr. — Mr. Congreve , Mr. Dennis , and other Hands . London : Printed for Sam. Briscoe , in Russel-street , Covent-garden , and sold by J. Nutt , near Stationers-hall , 1700. To the Honourable Sir Cha. Duncomb , Kt. SHERIFF of London and Middlesex . THo' I am wholly a Stranger to your Person , I am not to your Character ; for who can live in London and not see living Instances of your Charity and Munificence ? You have been the Sanctuary of the Distressed , and even those unhappy Wretches , who found no Benefit in the Public Deliverance of the Kingdom , have ow'd theirs to you . At your own proper Expence , and by a Generosity peculiar to your self , you have done that which has been reckon'd Piety in the greatest Monarchs and Republics , and what Princes have sent Royal Fleets into the Streights to perform . You have rescued Numbers of Christian Captives out of the cruel Hands of Tyrants , professing the same Religion , and breathing the same Air with themselves . You have redeem'd Slaves in a Country which abominates Servitude , but by a strange Fascination suffers its Natives to enslave one another : You have deliver'd them out of an unwholesome nasty Confinement , where they dragg'd a Life wretched to themselves , unserviceable to the Common-wealth , lamentable to their Relations , only to gratifie the Revenge or stupid Malice of their haughty Oppressors . In the best constituted and most generous Government that ever appear'd in the World , to save the Life of a Citizen , was thought an Action that deserv'd nothing less than a Public Reward . You have restored the Lives of a hundred Citizens , by restoring them to their Health , their Liberty and Tranquility of Mind ; for what is Life without those Blessings to make it supportable ? Charity , by what Stupidity it so happens I cannot imagine , has not that Incense paid it , nor makes that Figure in the World that Heroism does . To lay a whole Country in Ashes , to destroy Millions of poor Wretches , has for several Ages pass'd for a Royal Vertue , Mankind has been so sottish , as to deifie those that have perform'd these noble Exploits , and advanced themselves by the Slavery or Destruction of their Fellow-creatures . But tho' the present Age pays a servile Adoration to Heroes , yet Posterity judges of them otherwise ; and accordingly we find , that Caesar and Alexander , who were treated as Gods when alive , are now , when all Occasions of Flattery to their Persons cease , treated as Robbers and Usurpers . It is otherwise with Charity : Whatever Acknowledgements the Time it lives in pays it , Posterity is sure to reward and honour it ; Age only serves to extend it the more , like a well-grown Tree that enlarges its Branches every Spring . 'T is true , it does not delight in Noise and Ostentation ; it flies from that Applause which Heroism courts ; it values it self upon no mute Inscriptions and breathless Statues . It erects to it self living Images , and will be commemorated with Gratitude , while there is such a Thing as Memory or Gratitude in the World. The Heroe may extort Flattery even from the Slaves he crushes , or purchase mercenary Praise : but a charitable Man is sure to have the voluntary Prayers and Blessings of those whom he relieves , and even Calumny it self dares not attack him . Thus we see you have the general Acclamations and Applauses of the People , for having done those Actions which the greatest Athenians or Spartans wou'd have been proud of , in a City which in no respect is inferiour to Sparta or Athens . Pardon therefore an unhappy Man , who has laboured under Affictions , which he might have prevented if he wou'd have gone upon dishonest Methods , by which others have not only repaired , but improved their Fortunes , and whose little All , if it had not fallen into dilatory , I will not say malicious Hands , might have afforded him a Retreat , if not a comfortable Support : Pardon him , I say , if having experienced hard Usage in the World , he cou'd not forbear to pay his Public Acknowledgment to the Patriot that has redeem'd so many Sufferers , if he endeavours to celebrate that Vertue which wou'd have kept him from sinking , and extolls that Charity that may restore him when he is sunk . For this Reason I have presumed to dedicate the following Volume of Letters to your self , which were given me by some of my Friends , who , in commiseration of my hard Circumstances , were willing to contribute something towards my Assistance . It does not bccome me , who pretend to be no Judge , to say any thing of the Performance . The Gentlemen who are concern'd in the Collection are too well known to want my Praises . I hope that they may serve to entertain you at your vacant Hours , when you can unbend your self from the Hurry of Public Business . At least I beg you to accept them as a Testimony of my Respect , which shall be ever paid you by Your most obedient and most humble Servant , SAM . BRISCOE . THE CONTENTS . Mons. Voiture's LETTERS . Made English by several eminent Hands . TO my Lord Cardinal de la Valette . By Mr. Dryden , Pag. 1 To Mademoiselle Paulet . By Mr. Dennis , 10 To Mons. de Caudebonne . By the same Hand , 13 To Mons. de Godeau , 15 A Billet from Madam de Saintot , to Mons. de Voiture , 19 The Answer of Mons. de Voiture , 20 To his unknown Mistress . By Mr. Dennis , ibid. To Mademoiselle Paulet . By Mr. Dennis , 22 To the Marchioness of Rambouillet , in answer to a Letter of Thanks of hers , 24 An Imitation of Mons. de Voiture's Letter to Mademoiselle de Rambouillet , 27 To the Duke of Enguien , upon the taking of Dunkirk , 31 To the Duke of Enguien , upon his gaining the Battel of Rocroy , 34 To Mons. de Balzac , 37 To the Marquess of Pisani , who had lost all his Mony and Baggage at the Siege of Thionville , 43 To Mademoiselle de Bourbon , a Relation of the Author 's being toss'd in a Blanket . By Tho. Cheek , Esq 46 To Madam de Rambouillet . By Jos. Raphson , 50 To the Cardinal de la Valette . By the same , 57 To a young Lady , Maid of Honour to her Royal Highness's Daughter . By Henry Cromwel , Esq 61 To the Marchioness de Rambouillet , on Absence . By the same , 63 To Mons. Costart . By Dr. — , 66 To Madam — . By the same , 67 To the same Lady , 69 To Diana . By the same Hand , 71 To the President of the Houshold . By *** , 72 To Mons. d' Emer , Comptroler - General of the King's Revenues . By the same Hand , 73 An Abridgment of a Letter to Mons. d' Avaux . By the same Hand , 74 To Madam — . By Henry Cromwel , Esq 77 To Mons. de Chaudebonne . By Tho. Cheek , Esq 80 To my Lady-Abbess , to thank her for a Cat , which she sent him . By Mr. Oldys , 85 A Comical Letter out of the famous Mons. de Colletier , to Mademoiselle de Choux . By Sir D. Clark , Kt. 87 Aristaenetus's EPISTLES . Translated from the Greek , by Mr. T. Brown. TWo Ladies that were conquer'd by a Gentleman 's singing , 89 A Lawyer 's Wife to her Friend , complaining that her Husband did not manage her Law-Case so well as he ought , 92 A Fisherman to his Friend ; being a Description of a lovely Damosel that wash'd her self in the Sea whilst he was fishing , 95 An Adventure with a Harlot , 97 A Cure for Love , 100 From a Filt to her serenading Gallant , acquainting him that his Mony wou'd charm her more than his Musick , 103 A Relation of a Maid that fell in love with her Mistress's Gallant , 104 A Letter of Gallantry from a young Gentleman to his perjured Mistress , 108 A Love-Letter to his Mistress , 110 An Account of the ill Success of his Friend Damon in his Amour , 112 A Lady to Gentlewoman to acquaint her , that she was in love with her Husband , and she with her Page , 115 A Relation of a Lady that satisfied her Longing with with her Gallant before her Husband's Face , 117 Some Select EPISTLES out of Pliny , Jun. Made English by Mr. T. Brown. To his dear Friend Romanus , Lib. 3. 120 To his dear Friend Geminius , Lib. 8. 121 To his Wife Calphurnia , Lib. 8. 124 To the same , Lib. 7. 125 To his dear Friend Ferox , Lib. 7. 126 To Cornelius Tacitus , Lib. 8. 127 To Cornelius Tacitus , Lib. 6. 129 To Sura , Lib. 7. 135 LETTERS out of Mons. le Chevalier d' Her. *** By Mr. T. Brown. To Mademoiselle de J — , upon sending her a Boar in a Pasty , who had liked to have wounded him at the Chace , 140 To Mons. C — on the Cartesian Philosophy , 142 To Madam D — V — upon sending her a Black and a Monky , 145 To the same on the Death of the Monky , 147 To Mademoiselle de C — upon sending her an Extract of the Church-register , 149 ORIGINAL LETTERS . By Mr. T. Brown. To Dr. Baynard at the Bath , 153 Melanissa to Alexis , being a Defence of Love against Drinking , 158 To a Litigious Country-Attorney , 167 To Mr. Moult , 171 To the same a News Letter , 175 To the same , from the Gun Musick-booth in Bartholomew-fair , 184 A Consolatory Letter to my Lady — on the Death of her Husband , 190 To Mr. Moult , upon the breaking up of Bartholomew-fair , 194 To W. K. Esq being a Relation of a Journy to London , 200 A Love-Letter from an Officer in the Army to a Widow whom he was desperately in Love with before he saw her , 208 An Exhortatory Letter to an old Lady that Smok'd Tobacco , 211 To Sir W. S. on the two incomparable Pieces , The Satyr against Wit , and Poeticae Britannici , by another Hand , 212 To a Physician in the Country , being a true State of the Poetical-War between Cheapside and Covent-garden , by another Hand , 212 LOVE-LETTERS . By Gentlemen and Ladies . LOve-Letters , written by Mr. — to Madam — 225 to 230 Four Love-Letters to a young Lady by another Hand , 230 to 233 A Letter from a Lady to her Lover in the French Army , with a Tuft of Hair inclosed in it ; 233 To Madam C — ll's 234 Madam C — ll's Answer , 236 His Answer to the foregoing Letter , 237 Madam C — ll's Answer , 239 To Mrs. — , by another Hand , 241 To my Lady — , by the same Hand , 242 Four Love-Letters to an old Lady , 243 To a Lady that had got an Inflamation in her Eyes , 247 Madam — to Mr. B — , being an Account of a Journey to Exon , &c. 251 The Answer , 255 To Dr. Garth , 260 To his Poetical Friend , advising him to study the Mathematicks . Out of Quevedo . By Mr. Savage , 161 To W. Joy , the strong Kentish-man , from the Lady C — , dropt out of her Foot-man's Pocket , and taken up by a Chair-man in the Pall-mall , 265 LETTERS of Friendship . By several eminent Hands . MR. Dennis , to Walter Moyle , Esq 1 Mr. Wycherley , at Cleave , near Shrewfbury . By the same Hand , 6 Mr. Wycherley's Answer to Mr. Dennis , 12 To Mr. Wycherley . By — 15 To Mr. Wycherley . By — 19 Mr. Wycherley , to Mr. Dennis , 21 To Mr. Wycherley . By Mr. — 24 Mr. Wycherley , to Mr. — on the Loss of his Mistress , 27 Mr. — 's Answer to the foregoing Letter , 29 Mr. Wycherley to Mr. — 31 Mr. Dennis to Mr. Wycherley , 34 To Mr. Wycherley , that a Blockhead is better qualified for Business than a Man of Wit , 36 To Mr. Dryden , 40 To the same , 43 Mr. Dryden to Mr. Dennis , 46 My Lady C — to her Cousin W. of the Temple , after the had receiv'd a Copy of Verses on her Beauty , 52 Mr. — at Will 's Coffee-house , 56 To Walter Moyle , Esq 61 To Mr. Congreve , 64 To Mr. Congreve , 66 Mr. Congreve to Mr. Dennis , concerning Hemour in Comedy , 69 To Mr. Congreve at Tunbridge , 86 Mr. Congreve's Answer 87 Six Love-Letters to his Charming but Cruel Mistress , by Mr. — 92 to . 102 To Walter Moyle , Esq at the Back in Cornwal , 102 Mr. — to Mr. Congreve , 105 Mr. Congreve to Mr. — 107 To Mr. Congreve at Tunbridge , 109 Mr. — to Mr. Dennis , 112 To Mr. Dennis , 213 To the same . 214 Familiar and Courtly LETTERS , WRITTEN By Mons. VOITURE , TO Persons of the greatest Wit , Honour and Quality of both Sex , in the Court of France . Made English by several Eminent Hands . To my Lord Cardinal de la Velette . By Mr. Dryden . My Lord , I Am satisfy'd , that you old Cardinals take more Authority upon you , than those of the last Promotion ; because having written many Letters to you , without receiving one from you , yet you complain of my Neglect . In the mean time , seeing so many well-bred Men , who assure me that you do me too much Honour to think of me at all ; and that I am bound to write to you , and to give my Acknowledgments , I am resolved to take their Counsel , and to pass over all sorts of Difficulties and Considerations of my own Interest . This then will give you to understand , that six Days after the Eclipse , and a Fortnight after my Decease , Madam the Princess , Mademoiselle de Bourbon , Madam du Vigean , Madam Aubry , Mademoiselle de Rambouillet , Mademoiselle Paulet , Monsieur de Chaudebonne , and my self , left Paris about six in the Evening , and went to La Barre , where Madam du Vigean was to give a Collation to the Princess . In our way thither we found nothing worth our Observation ; but only that at Ormesson , an English Mastiff came up to the Boot of the Coach , to make his Compliment to me . Be pleased to take this along with you , my Lord , that as often as I express my self in the Plural Number , as for Example , We went , we found , or we beheld , 't is always to be understood , that I speak in the Quality of a Cardinal . From thence we happily arriv'd at La Barre , and enter'd a Hall , were we trod upon nothing but Roses and Orange-flowers . Madam the Princess , after she had sufficiently admir'd this Magnificence , had a mind to see the Walks before Supper : the Sun was then just sitting in a Cloud of Gold and Azure , and gave us no larger a share of his Beams , than to supply a soft and pleasing Light : The Air was not disturb'd either with Wind or Heat ; and it seem'd that Heav'n and Earth were conspiring with Madam du Vigean , in her Treating the fairest Princess upon Earth . After she had passed through a great Parterre , and Gardens full of Orange-trees , she arrived at the Entrance of an enchanted Wood , so thick and shady , that Authors conclude the Sun , since the Day of his Birth , never enter'd it , till now that he waited on her Highness thither . At the end of an Alley , which carried the fight out of distance , we sound a Fountain , which alone cast up a greater Quantity of Water , than all those of Tivoli together ; about it were plac'd four and twenty Violins , which had much ado to make themselves be heard , for the rumbling of the Streams in falling : When we were got near enough , we discover'd , in a cetain Nich , within a Pallisade , a Diana , of about eleven or twelve Years of Age , and fairer than the Forests of Greece and Thessaly had ever seen : she bore her Bow and Arrows in her Eyes , and was encompas'd with all the Glories of her Brother . In another Nich , not far distant , was another Nymph , fair and gentle enough to pass for one of her Train : those who are not given to believe Fables , took them for Mademoiselles de Bourbon and la Priande ; and to confess the Truth , they resembled them exactly . All the Company was in a profound Silence , admiring so many different Objects , which at once astonish'd their Eyes and Ears , when on a sudden the Goddess leapt down from her Nich , and with a Grace , impossible to be describ'd , began a Ball , which lasted for some time about the Fountain . ` T was somewhat strange , my Lord , that in the midst of so many Pleasures , which were sufficient to engage the whole attention of their Spirits , who enjoy'd them , yet we could not forbear to think of you ; and it was generally concluded , that something was wanting to our Happiness , since neither you , nor Madam de Rambouillet were present . Then I took up a Harp and fung this Spanish Stanza , Pues quiso mi suerte dura , Que faltando mi sennor Tambien faltasse mi Dama . And continued the rest of the Song so very melodiously , and with such an Air of Sadness , that there was not one of the Company , but the Tears came into their Eyes , and they wept abundantly : Their Sorrow had endur'd much longer , had not the Violins struck up a Sarabrand , with great speed and presence of Mind ; upon which the Company got upon their Feet , with as much Gayety , as if nothing in the World had happen'd , and fell into the Dance ; thus leaping , capring , turning round , and hopping , we returned to the House , where we found a Table already spread , and serv'd as if it had been serv'd by Fairies . This , my Lord , is one Passage of the Adventure , which is so stupendous that no words are capable of expressing it : For there are neither Colours of Speech , nor Figures in the Art of Rhetoric , which can describe six several sorts of Potages , which were at once presented to the Sight . And what was particularly remarkable , that there being none but Goddesses , and two Demi-Gods at the Table ( viz. ) Monsieur Chaudebonne and I , yet every one eat as heartily , and with as good Appetites , as if we had been neither more nor less , than plain Mortals . And to confess the truth , a better Treat could not have been provided . Amongst other things , there were twelve Dishes , besides other Eateables in disguise , which were never seen before on any Human Table ; and whose very Names have never been so much as mention'd in any History . This Circumstance , my Lord , by some disastrous Accident , has been related to Madam la Mareschalle — , and though immediatly upon it , she took twelve Drams of Opium , beyond her ordinany Dose , yet she has never been able to close her Eyes , from that fatal Moment . During the first Course , there was not so much as one single Cup went round to your Health ; the Company was so intent upon the present Affair ; and at the Desert , we quite forgot it . I beg your Permission , my Lord , to relate all things as they pass'd , like a faithful Historian as I am , and without Flattery ; for I would not for the World , that Posterity should mistake one thing for another ; and that at the end of two thousand Years hence , or thereabouts , Posterity should imagine your Health was drunk , when really there was no such thing in nature . Yet I must give this Testimony to Truth , that it was not for want of Memory : For , during all Supper-time , you were often mention'd ; all the Ladies wish'd you there , and some of them very heartily , or I am much mistaken . As we rose from Table , the sound of the Violins summon'd us up Stairs , where we found a Chamber so gloriously lighted up , that it look'd as if the Day , which was now below the Earth , had retired hither , and was assembled in one body of Light. Here the Ball began again , in better Order and with more Grace , than it had been danc'd about the Fountain : And the most Magnificent Part of it , my Lord , was , that I footed it there in Person . Mademoiselle de Bourbon , I must confess , was of opinion , that I danc'd aukwardly ; but she concluded , to my advantage , that I must be allowed to Fence well ; because , that at the end of every Cadence , I put my self upon my Guard : The Ball continued with much Pleasure till all of a sudden a great Noise , which was heard without Doors , caused the Company to look out at the Windows ; where , from a great Wood , which was about three hundred Paces from the House , we beheld so vast a Number of Fire-works issuing out , that we verily believ'd all the Branches and Trunks of the Trees had been metamorphos'd into Guns ; that all the Stars were falling from the Firmament , and that the Element of Fire was descending into the middle Region of the Air. Here , my Lord , are three Hyperboles tack'd together , which being valued at a moderate Price , are worth three dozen of Fusees at the least . After we were recover'd out of this great Fit of Extasie , into which so many Miracles had plung'd us , we resolved on our Departure , and took the way to Paris by the Light of twenty Flambeaux : We pass'd through all the Ormessonnois , and the wide Plains of Espinay , without Resistance , and went through the middle of St. Dennis . Being plac'd in the Coach by the side of Madam — I said a whole Miserere to her , on your behalf ; to which she replied , with much Gallantry , and no less Civility . We sung in our Journey a World of Songs , Roundeaux , Roundelays , Lampoons , and Ballads ; and were now half a League beyond St. Dennis , it being two a Clock in the Morning precisely ; the Fatigue of the Journey , Watching , Walking , and the painful Exercise of the Ball , having made me somewhat heavy , when there happen'd an Accident , which I verily believ'd wou'd have been my total Ruine : There is a certain little Village , situate , say the Geographers , betwixt Paris and St. Dennis , and vulgarly call'd , La Valette : At our going out of this Place , we overtook three Coaches , in which were those Numerical Violins which had been playing to us . Hereupon , Sathan entring into the Spirit of Mademoiselle , she commanded them to follow us , and to give Serenades all Night long to the poor innocent People of Paris , who were asleep and dreamt not of her Malice : This Diabolical Proposition made my Hair rise an end upon my Head ; yet all the Company pass'd a Vote in Favour of it ; and the word was just ready to be given , but by a signal Providence , they had left their Violins behind them at la Barre ; for which the Lord reward them . From hence , my Lord , you may reasonably conclude , that Mademoiselle is a dangerous Person in the Night , if ever there was any in the World : and that I had great reason at Madam — 's House to say , that the Violins ought to be turn'd out of Doors , when that pestilent Lady was in Company . Well , we continued our way happily enough , but only that as we enter'd the Fauxbourgh , we met six lusty Fellows , as naked as ever they were born , who passed directly by the Coach , to the terror of the Ladies . In fine , We arrived at Paris ; and what I am now going to relate , is indeed prodigious : Cou'd you imagine it , my Lord ? the Obscurity was so great , that it cover'd all that vast City ; and instead of what we left it , not full seven Hours before , fill'd with Noise , and with a Crowd of Men , Women , Horses , and Coaches ; we now found nothing but a deep Silence , a dismal Desart , a frightful Solitude , dispeopled Streets , not meeting with any Mortal Man , but only certain Animals , who fled from the Lustre of our Torches . But the remaining part of the Adventure , you shall have , my Lord , another time . As Boyando tells you , Qui e il sin del Canto ; e torno ad Orlando , Adio Signor , a voi me raccomando . To Mademoiselle Paulet . By Mr. Dennis . Madam , SO great a Misfortune as mine , wanted no less Consolation than that which I lately received from you ; and I look'd on your Letter , as a Pardon which Heav'n granted me after my Sentence : I can call by no other name , the News which oblig'd me to return to this Place , and I can assure you that Sentence of Death is oftentimes less rigorous . But since , in the midst of all my Misfortunes , I have the Honour to be remember'd by you , to complain would be ill-becoming of me : for methinks he may dispence with the Favours of Fortune , who is happy enough to obtain yours . This is the Reason that I shall make use of to comfort my self , for the Necessity of remaining here , and not that which you urg'd in yours , That it is better to be an Exile in a Foreign Land , than to be a Prisoner in one's own Country : For , alas ! you know but one half of my Misery , if you are not convinc'd that I am both together ; and if you judge of the Matter rightly , you will find that a thing , which seems very inconsistent , is to be found in me , which is to be banish'd from the same Person by whom I am kept a Prisoner . You will find it difficult to interpret this Riddle , unless you call to mind , that I have always been us'd to mingle a Dram of Love in my Letters : For , if as you say , I am allow'd some Liberty here , of which I should be depriv'd in France ; I beseech you let it be that of assuring you , that there is a great deal of Passion mix'd with the Affection which I express for your Service . I should indeed be Ungrateful , if I should discover but an ordinary Friendship for a Person who does such extraordinary Things for me ; and I am obliged to fall in love at least with your Generosity . I have been acquainted what Care a Gentleman and a Lady has taken to enquire of my Welfare , which is an additional Obligation to one whom they had extremely oblig'd before . For all the rest , they have seem'd buried in so profound a Silence , that for six Months together I have heard not the least mention of them . Whether this comes from their Forgetfulness or from their Prudence , I am unable to determine : Yet Forgetfulness may be allow'd an Excuse for Silence , but a dumb Remembrance is without Defence . I leave you to conclude , Madam , how much Lustre this reflects upon what you have done for me , and how much I am oblig'd to you for a long Letter at a time , when others have been afraid to send me their Service . Therefore let me assure you , that tho' I am unable to make suitable Returns to such Goodness , I esteem it at least , and extol it as it deserves , and that I am as much as a Man can possibly be , Madam , yours , &c. To Monsieur de Chaudebonne . I Writ to you ten or twelve Days ago , and return'd you Thanks for the two Letters , which I have at length received from you . If you were but sensible of the Satisfaction they brought with them , you would be sorry for not having writ to me oftner , and for not frequently repeating the Consolation , of which I had so much need . Madrid , which is the agreeablest Place in the World , for those who at once are Lusty and Libertines , is the most disconsolate , for those who are Regular , or those who are Indisposed . And in Lent , which is the Players Vacation , I do not know so much as one Pleasure that a Man can enjoy with Conscience . My Melancholy here , and my want of Company have produc'd a good Effect in me ; for they have reconcil'd me to Books , which I had for a time forsaken ; and being able to meet with no other Pleasures , I have been forc'd to taste and to relish that of Reading : Prepare then to see me a Philosopher as great as your self ; and consider how fast a Man must come on , who for seven whole Months has studied , or has been sick : For if one of the chief Things that Philosophy aims at , is a Contempt of Life ; the Stone-colick is certainly the best of Masters , and Plato and Socrates persuades us less efficaciously . It has lately read me a Lecture , that lasted seventeen Days , and which I shall not quickly forget ; and which has often made me consider how very feeble we are , since three Grains of Sand , are sufficient to cast us down . But if it determines me to any Sect , it shall not at least be that which maintains that Pain is not an Evil ; and that he who is Wise is at all times Happy . But whatever befals me , I can neither be Happy nor Wise , without being near to you , and nothing can make me one or the other , so much as your Presence or your Example . Yet am I very uncertain when I shall be able to leave this Place , and expecting both Money and Men , which are coming by Sea , and which are two things that do not always keep touch with us ; I apprehend my remaining here longer than I could wish ; therefore I make it my humble Request to you , That you would not forget me so long as you have done , and that you would testifie , by doing me the Honour of Writing to me , that you are convinc'd of the real Affection with which I am yours , &c. To Monsieur de Godeau . Sir , You ought to give me time to recover our Tongue , before you oblige me to write to you : For it appears to me to be something absurd , that I , who have been now so long a Foreigner , and but just come from breathing the Air of Barbary , should presume to expose my Letters , to one of the most eloquent Men in France . This Consideration has kept me silent till now . But tho' I forbear to answer your Challenges , I cannot refuse to return your Civilities : By these you have found a way to vanquish me , in spight of all my Evasions : In my present Condition it is more reputable to you , to Conquer me this way , than to overcome me by Force : You would have acquir'd but small Glory by vigorously attacking a Man , who is already driven to Extreamity , and to whom Fortune has given so many Blows , that the least may fatisfie to over-whelm him . Amidst the Darkness in which she hath plac'd us , we can have no Defence ; but here all our Art and our Skill in Parring are useless . The Case perhaps might be otherwise , if you had set before my Eyes the Sun of which you make mention ; and as dejected as you see me now , I should grow daring enough to enter the Lists against you , if the Light of that were divided between us equally . 'T is more to have that alone on your side , than all the rest of Heav'n . The Beauties which sparkle in all that you do , are only deriv'd from hers , and it is the Influence of her Rays on you , which produces so many Flowers . Nothing can ever appear more lively , than those which you scatter on every thing that comes from you . I have seen them upon the Ocean's extreamest Shores , and in Places where Nature cannot produce , no , not one Blade of Grass . I have receiv'd Nosegays of them , which made me meet in Desarts , with the choicest Delicacies of Greece and of fruitful Italy : And tho' they had been carried four hundred Leagues , neither the length of way , nor of time had in the least diminished their Lustre . They are indeed Immortal and cannot decay , and so vastly different from all Terrestrial Productions , that it is with a great deal of Justice , that you have offer'd them up to Heaven ; for Altars alone are worthy of them . Believe me , Sir , in what I am saying , I speak but my real Sentiments ; when my Curiosity , as you say , had oblig'd me to pass the Bounds of the ancient World , to find out rare and surprising Objects , your Works were the wonderfullest things that I saw , and Africa could show me nothing more new , and no more extraordinary Sight . Reading them under the Shade of its Palms , I wish'd you crown'd with them all ; and at the very time that I saw , that I had gone beyond Hercules , I found I came short of you . All this , which was capable of producing Envy in any Man's Soul but mine , fill'd mine with so much Esteem and Affection , that you then took the place there , which you are now desiring , and perfectly finish'd what you think you are still to begin . After the Knowledge which I have bad of you , how can I form such an Image of you , as you are willing to give me ? How can I Fancy you to be that little Creature you say you are ? How could I comprehend that Heaven could place such mighty things in so small a space ? When I give my Imagination a Loose , it gives you four Yards at least , and represents you of the Stature of Men engendered by Angels . Yet I shall be very glad to find that it is as you would have me believe . Amongst the rest of the Advantages , which I expect to derive from you , I am in hopes that you will bring our Stature into some Credit , and that it is ours which henceforward will be accounted the noblest ; and that by you , we shall be exalted above those who believe themselves higher than we . As we pour the most exquisite Essences into the smallest Bottles , Nature infuseth the divinest Souls into the smallest Bodies , and mixes more or less of matter with them , as they have more or less in them of their Almighty Original . She seems to place the most shining Souls , as Jewelers set the most sparkling Stones , who make use of as little Gold as they can with them , and no more than just suffices to bind them . By you the World will be undeceiv'd of that sottish Errour of valuing Men by their Weight , and my Littleness with which I have been so often upbraided by Madamoiselle de Rambouillet , for the future may recommend me to her . For what remains , the Affection is very Just , which you tell me , she has for you , and with her , six more of the loveliest Creatures that illustrate the Light. But I wonder that you should think to get mine by such a Discovery ; and to gain it by the very Means , which were sufficient to make you lose it . You had need to have a high Opinion of my Goodness , to believe that I can love a Man who enjoys my Right , and who has obtain'd the Consiscation of my most valued Possessions : But yet I am so just , that even this shall be no Impediment , and I believe you to have so much Justice on your side , that I do not despair but that we may accommodate ev'n this matter between us . They may very well have given you my Place without your putting me out of it , and my room in their Hearts was but very small , if it cannot contain us both . As for my part , I shall do my utmost , that I may not incommode you there ; and shall take care to take up my Station so that we may not clash , since so powerful an Interest cannot make me cease to be yours , you may believe , that in spight of the worst of Accidents , I shall be eternally Yours , &c. BILLET from Madam de Saintot , to Monsieur de Voiture . I Have promis'd to bestow you , for a Gallant , upon two fine Women , my Friends . I am confident that you will not find the Exploit too many for you , and do not doubt but that you will confirm my Promise , as soon as you have but seen them . The Answer of Monsieur de Voiture . LEt me see what I love as soon as you can : For I die with Impatience till that happy Moment . And since , at your Command , I have fallen in Love , it behoves you to take some care that I am belov'd too . I have thought all Night upon the two Ladies that — In short , upon you know whom . I write this Billet to one of them ; deliver it , I beseech you , to her , whom you believe that I love the more passionately of the two . In Acknowledgment of the good Offices which I receive from you , I assure you , that you shall always dispose of my Affections ; and that I will never love any one so much as your self , till I am convinc'd that you have in good earnest a Mind that I should . To his Unknown Mistress . WAs there ever so extraordinary a Passion , as that which I have for you ? For my part , I do not know any thing of you ; and , to my knowledge I never so much as heard of you : And yet , I Gad , I am desperately in Love with you ; and it is now a whole Day , since I have sigh'd , and look'd silly , and languish'd , and dy'd , and all that for you . Without having even seen your Face , I am taken with its Beauty ; and am charm'd with your Wit , tho' I never have heard one Syllable of it . I am ravish'd with your every Action , and I fancy in you a kind of I know not what , that makes me passionately in Love with I know not whom . Sometimes I fancy you Fair , and at other times Black ; Now you appear Tall to me , by and by Short ; Now with a Nose of the Roman Shape , and anon with a Nose turn'd up : But in whatever Form I describe you , you appear the Loveliest of Creatures to me ; and though I am ignorant what sort of Beauty yours is , I am ready to pawn my Soul , that it is the most Bewitching of all of them . If it be your Luck to know me as little , and to love me as much , then thanks be to Love , and the Stars . But lest you should a little impose upon your self , in fancying me a tall fair Fellow , and so be surpriz'd at the Sight of me , I care not for once , if I venture to send you my Picture : My Stature is three Inches below the middle one ; my Head appears tolerable enough , and is decently set off with a large grey Head of Hair ; then with Eyes that languish a little , yet are something Hagard ; I have a sort of a cudden cast of a Face : But in Requital , one of your Friends will tell you , that I am the honestest Fellow in the World ; and that for Loving faithfully in five or six Places at a time , there is no Man alive comes near me . If you think that all this will accomodate you , it shall be at your Service as soon as I see you : Till that long long'd for time , I shall think of you ; that is , of I know not whom . But if any one should chance to ask me for whom I sigh , don't be afraid , I warrant to keep the Secret ; I would fain see any one catch me at naming you to him . To Mademoiselle Paulet . Madam , There was only one thing wanting to your Adventures , and that was to be a Prisoner of State ; I have given you here the happy Occasion of being such : Fortune , who has omitted no Opportunity of bringing you into Play , will , in all probability , make her Advantage of this . I know very well that I bring you into Danger by writing to you ; yet cannot even that Reflection restrain me . From whence you may conclude , that there is no Risk which I would refuse to run , to refresh your Remembrance of me , since I can resolve to endanger even you , you who are dear and valuable above all the rest of the World to me . I tell you this , Madam , at a time , when I would not lye , no , not in a Compliment : For I would have you to know , that I am much the better for the Distemper which I have lately had : It has caused me to assume such good Resolutions , that if I had them not , I could be contented to purchase them with all my Health . I plainly foresee , that this will but divert you , you who are conscious to so much of my Weakness ; and who will never believe that I can keep single Resolutions , I who have broken so many Vows ; yet nothing is more certain than that I have hitherto beheld the Spanish Beauties with as much Indifference , as I did the Flemish at Brussels ; and I hope to grow a Convert in the very Place of the World in which the Tempter is strongest , and where the Devil resumes as glorious Shapes as what he put off when he fell . The Reformation is so great in me , that I have but one Scruple remaining , which is , That I think too often of you ; and that I desire to see you again with a little too much Impatience . I , who have moderated the rest of my Passions , have been unable to reduce that which I have for you , to the Measure with which we are permitted to love our Neighbours ; that is to say , as much as we do ourselves ; and I fear you have a larger Share in my Soul , than I ought to allow a Creature . Look out , I beseech you , for a Remedy for this , or rather for an Excuse for it ; for as for a Remedy , I believe there is none , and that I must be always , with utmost Passion , Madam , yours . To the Marchioness of Rambouillet ; in Answer to a Letter of Thanks of hers . Madam , THo' my Liberality should , as you tell me , surpass the Bounty of Alexander , it would nevertheless be richly recompens'd , by the Thanks which you have return'd me for it . He himself , as boundless as his Ambition was , would have confin'd it to so rare a Favour . He would have set more value upon this Honour , than he did on the Persian Diadem ; and he would never have envied Achilles the Praise which he received from Homer , if he could but himself have obtain'd Yours . Thus , Madam , on this Pinacle of Glory on which I stand , if I bear any Envy to his , 't is not so much to that which he acquir'd himself , as to that which you have bestow'd upon him , and he has received no Honours , which I do not hold Inferior to mine , unless it be that which you did him , when you declar'd him your Gallant . Neither his Vanity , nor the rest of his Flatterers , could ever persuade him to believe any thing that was so advantageous to him , and the Quality of Son of Jupitur Hammon , was by much less glorious to him than this . But if any thing comforts me for the Jealousie which it has rais'd in me , 't is this , Madam , that knowing you as well as I know you , I am very well assur'd , that if you have done him this Honour , 't is not so much upon the account of his having been the Greatest of Mankind , as of his having been now these two thousand Years no more . However , we here find cause to admire the Greatness of his Fortune , which not being able yet to forsake him so many Years after his Death , has added to his Conquests a Person that gives them more Lustre than the Daughters and Wife of Darius ; and which has gain'd him a Mind more great than the World he Conquer'd . I ought here to be afraid , after your Example of Writing , in too lofty a Style : But how can the Writer be too sublime who writes of you , and of Alexander ? I humbly beseech you , Madam , to believe that I have equal Passion for you , with that which you shew for him ; and that the Admiration of your Virtues will oblige me to be always , Madam , yours , &c. An Imitation of Monsieur de Voiture's Letter to Mademoiselle de Rambouillet : Being an Answer to that by which she had inform'd him , who was then with Monsieur in Exile , that the Academy designed to abolish the Particle Car , [ For. ] That the Reader may be diverted with this Letter , he is desir'd to suppose , that there is a Club of Wits erected in London , for the Regulation of the Tongue , who have a Design to abolish it . Madam , FOR , being of so great Importace in our Tongue as it is , I extreamly approve of the Resentment you shew for the Wrong they design to do it ; and I must needs declare , that I expect no good from this Club of Wits , which you mention , since they are resolved to establish themselves by so great an Oppression : Even at a time like this , when Fortune is acting her Tragedies throughout all Europe . I can behold nothing so deserving of Pity , as when I see they are ready to arraign and to banish a Word , which has so faithfully serv'd this Monarchy ; and which , amidst all our English Confusions , has always been of the side of those who were truly English. For my part , I cannot for my Heart comprehend , what Reason they can alledge against a Word , whose only Business is to go before Reason , and which has no other Employment than to usher it in . I cannot imagine what Interest can oblige them , to take away that which belongs to for , to give it to Because that ; nor why they have a mind , to say with three Syllables , that which they say with three Letters . That which I am afraid of , Madam , is this , That after they have been guilty of this one Injustice , they will not scruple at more ; perhaps they may have the Impudence to attack But , and who knows if If may be any longer secure . So that , after they have depriv'd us of all those Words , whose business it is to bring others together , the Wits will reduce us to the Language of Angels ; or , if they cannot do that , they will at least oblige us to speak only by Signs : And here I must confess , that your Observation is true , viz. That no Example can more clearly shew us the Instability of Humane Affairs . He who had told me some Years ago , that I should have out-liv'd For , I had thought had promis'd me a longer Life than the Patriarchs . And yet we see that after he has mentain'd himself for some hundreds of Years , in full Force and Authority , after he has been employ'd in the most important Treaties , and has assisted in the Councils of our Kings with Honour , he is all of a sudden fallen into Disgrace , and threatned with a violent End. I now expect nothing less , than to be terrify'd with lamentable Cries in the Air , declaring to the World , that the Great For is dead : for the Death of the Great Cam , or of the Great Pan , was , in my mind , less important . I know if we consult one of the finest Wits of the Age , and one whom I esteem with Passion , he will tell us , that 't is our Duty to condemn an Innovation like this , that we ought to use the For of our Fathers , as well as their Sun and their Soil , and that we should by no means banish a Word , which was in the Mouths of our Edwards and of our Henries . But you , Madam , are the Person , who are principally oblig'd to undertake his Protection : for since the Supreme Grace , and the Sovereign Beauty of the English Tongue lies in yours , you ought to command here with an absolute Sway , and with a Smile or a Frown , give Life or give Death to Syllables , as uncontroul'd as you do to Men. For this , I believe you have already secur'd it , from the imminent Danger which threatned it , and by vouchsafing it a Place in your Letter , have fix'd it in a Sanctuary and a Mansion of Glory , to which neither Envy nor Time can reach . But here , Madam , I beg leave to assure you , that I could not but be surpriz'd to see how fantastick your Favours are , I could not but think it strange , that you , who without Compassion could see a thousand Lovers expire , should not have the Heart to see a Syllable die . If you had but had half the Care of me , which you have shewn of For , I should then have been happy in spight of ill Fortune : Then Poverty , Exile , and Grief would scarce have had force to come near me . If you had not deliver'd me from these Evils themselves , you had freed me at least from the Sence of them . But at a time that I expected to receive Consolation from yours , I found that your Kindness was only design'd to For , and that his Banishment troubled you more than ours . I must confess , Madam , it is but just , you should undertake his Defence ; but you ought to have taken some care of me too , that People might not object to you , That you forsake your Friends for a Word . You make no Answer at all to that which I writ about ; you take not the least Notice of that which so much concerns me : In three or four Pages you scarce remember me once ; and the Reason of this is For : Be pleased to consider me a little more for the future , and when you undertake the Defence of the Afflicted , remember that I am of the Number . I shall always make use of him himself to oblige you to grant me this Favour , and to convince you that it is but my Due ; For I am , &c. To the Duke of Enguien , upon his Taking of Dunkirk . I Am so far from wondring that you have taken Dunkirk , that I believe you cou'd take the Moon by the Teeth , if you did but once attempt it . Nothing can be impossible to you : I am only uneasie about what I shall say to your Highness on this Occasion , and am thinking by what extraordinary Terms I may bring you to reach my Conceptions of you . Indeed , my Lord , in that Height of Glory , to which you have now attain'd , the Honour of your Eavour is a singular Happiness ; but it is a troublesome thing to us Writers , who are obliged to Congratulate you upon every good Success , to be perpetually upon the Hunt for Words whose Force may answer your Actions , and to be ev'ry Day inventing of new Panegyricks . If you would but have the Goodness to suffer your self to be beat sometime , or to rise from before some Town , the variety of the Matter might help to support us , and we should find out some fine thing or other to say to you , upon the Inconstancy of Fortune , and the Glory that is gotten by bearing her Malice bravely . But having , from the very first of your Actions , rank'd you equal with Alexander , and finding you rising upon us continually ; upon my word , my Lord , we are at a loss what to do , either with you or our selves . Nothing that we can say , can come up to that which you do , and the very Flights of our Fancy flag below you . Eloquence , which Magnifies smallest things , cannot reach the Height of those which you do ; no , not by its boldest Figures . And that which is call'd Hyperbole on other occasions , is but a cold way of speaking when it comes to be applyed to you . Indeed it is different to comprehend , how your Highness each Summer has 〈◊〉 found out means to augment that Glory , which every Winter seem'd at its full Perfection ; and that having begun so greatly , and gone on more greatly , still your last Actions should crown the rest , and be found the most Amazing . For my own part , my Lord , I congratulate your Success , as I am in Duty oblig'd ; but I plainly foresee , the very thing that augments your Reputation with us , may prejudice that which you expect from after Ages ; and that so many great and important Actions , done in so short a space , may render your Life incredible to future Times , and make your History be thought a Romance by Posterity . Be pleas'd then , my Lord , to set some Bounds to your Victories , if it be only to accommodate your self to the Capacity of Human Reason , and not to go further than Common Belief can follow you . Be contented to be quiet and secure , at least for a time , and suffer France , which is eternally alarm'd for your Safety , to enjoy serenely , for a few Months , the Glory which you have acquir'd for her . In the mean time , I beseech you to believe , that among so many Millions of Men who admire you , and who continually pray for you , there is not one who does it , with so much Joy , with so much Zeal and Veneration , as I , who am , My Lord , your Highness's , &c. To the Duke of Euguien ( afterwards the Great Prince of Conde ) upon his gaining the Battle of Rocroy . My Lord , AT a time that I am so far remov'd from your Highness , that you cannot possibly lay your Commands upon me , I am fully resolv'd to speak freely my Mind to you , which I have so long been oblig'd to disguise , left it should bring me into the same Inconvenience , with those , who before me , have taken the like Liberties with you . But let me tell you , my Lord , you have done too much , to let it pass without taking Notice of it ; and you are unreasonable if you think to behave your self as you do , without being loudly told of it . If you did but know how strangely all Paris talks of you , I am very confident that you would be asham'd of it ; and you could not without Confusion hear , with how little Respect , and how little Fear of Displeasing you , all the World presumes to discourse of what you have done . I must confess , my Lord , I wonder what you could mean : You have shewn your self Bold with a Vengeance , and Violent to the last Degree , in putting such an Affront upon two or three old Captains , whom you ought to have respected , if it had been only for their Antiquity : In Killing the poor Count de la Fountaine , who was the very best Man in the Low-Countries ; in Taking sixteen Pieces of Cannon , the proper Goods of the King's Unkle , and the Queen 's own Brother ; and in Confounding the Spanish Troops , after they had shewn so much Goodness in letting you Pass . I heard indeed , you are obstinate as a Devil , and that it was not to much purpose to dispute about any thing with you : But yet I never thought , that your Heat wou'd have transported you so far . If you go on at the rate you have begun , you will shortly grow Intollerable , I assure you , to all Europe , and neither the Emperor nor the King of Spain will either of them be able to endure you . But now , my Lord , laying the Man of Conscience aside , and resuming the Man of State : I felicitate your Highness for the Victory I hear you have gain'd , the most compleat , and the most important , which has happen'd in our Age. France , which you have shelter'd from all the Storms that it dreaded , is amaz'd to see that you have begun your Life with an Action , with which Caesar would gladly have crown'd his own , and which alone , reflects more Lustre upon the Kings your Progenitors , than all theirs have transferred to you . Well , my Lord , you have verified what has been formerly said , That Virtue comes to the Caesars preventing Time : For you , who are a true Caesar , both in Wit and in Knowledge ; Caesar in Diligence and in Vigilance ; in Courage Caesar , and per omnes Casus Casar ; you have out-run the Hopes , and surpass'd the Expectation of Men ; you have clearly shewn that Experience is necessary to none but ordinary Souls ; that the Virtue of Heroes comes by a more compendious way , and that the Works of Heaven are finish'd when but begun . After this I leave you to judge , how you are like to be receiv'd and carress'd by the Lords of the Court , and with what Pleasure the Ladies heard , that he whom they had seen Triumphant in Balls , had been Victorious in Armies ; and that the finest Head of all France , was likewise the best and the strongest . There is not a Man ev'n to Mounsieur Beaumont , who does not declaim in your Praise . They who had revolted against you , are now reduced ; and they who complain'd that you were always Laughing , have been forced to confess , that you have shown your self now in good Earnest ; and ev'ry one 's afraid of being of the Number of your Enemies , since you have defeated such Multitudes of them . Pardon , O Caesar , the Liberty which I have taken ; receive the Praise that is due to you ; and permit us to render to Caesar , that which is due to Caesar . To Monsieur de Balzac . Sir , IF it be true that I have always kept the Rank , which you tell me I have held in your Memory : Methinks you have shewn but an indifferent Concern for my Satisfaction , in delaying so long to impart the pleasing News to me , and in suffering me so long to be the happiest of Men , without dreaming I was so . But perhaps you were of opinion , that this very good Fortune , was so infinitely above any thing that I could in reason hope for , that it was necessary you should take time to invent Arguments , which might render it credible , and that you had an occasion to employ all the Power of Rhetorick to perswade me , that you had not forgot me . And thus far at least I must needs confess , that you have been very Just , that resolving to let me have nothing but Words for all the Affection you owe me , the Choice which you have made of them , has been so rich , and so beautiful , that , let me die , if I believe the thing they assure me of would be of greater Value : This , at least , I 'm sure of , that they would suffice to Counterballance any Friendship but mine . I am only discontented at one thing , and that is , that so much Artifice and so much Eloquence , should not be able to Disguise the Truth from me ; and that in this , I should resemble your own Shepherdesses , who are too silly to be beguiled by a Man of Wit. But indeed , you must excuse me if I am something inclin'd to suspect an Art , which could invent Commendations for a Quartan Ague , and an Art which you have at more command than ever Man had before you . All those Graces , and that Air of the Court , which I so much admire in yours , convince me rather of the Excellence of your Wit , than of the Goodness of your Will. And from all the fine things which you have said in my Favour , all that I can conclude , ev'n when I am inclin'd to flatter my self , is , That Fortune has been pleas'd to give me a place in your Dreams : Nay , I know not if the very Extravagancies of a Soul so exalted as yours , are not too serious , and too reasonable , to descend so low as to me . And I shall esteem my self too obligingly us'd by you , if you have but so much as dreamt that you Love me . For to imagine , that you have reserv'd a Place for me amidst those sublime Thoughts , which are , at present , employed , in Recompensing the Virtues of all the World , and Distributing Shares of Glory to Mankind ; to imagine this , would be extream Presumption in me . I have too great an Opinion of your Understanding , to believe that you could be guilty of any thing that is so much below you ; and I should be unwilling , that your Enemies should have that to object to you . I am perfectly satisfied , that the only Affection which you can have justly for any one , is that which you owe to your self ; and that Precept of Studying One's self , which is a Lesson of Humility to all besides you , ought to have a contrary Effect in relation to you , and oblige you to contemn , whatever you find without you . And therefore here let me swear to you , That without pretending to any Share in your Affection , I should have been very well satisfied , if you had preserv'd , with never so little Care , the Friendship which I have vowed eternally to have for you , and to have placed it , if not amongst the things which you value , at least amongst those which you are not forward to lose . But in leaving me here with that lovely Rival , of whom you made mention of in yours , you have shewn , let me tell you , too little Jealousie , and you have suffer'd her to gain so much Advantage of you , that I have reason to suspect that you have conspir'd with her , to do me a Mischief . And therefore I have more reason than you to complain , that she has enrich'd your self by your Losses , and that you have suffer'd her to get into her Power , that which I thought to have secur'd from her Tyranny , by entrusting it in your Hands . If you had been willing to have made never so little Defence , the better part of my self , had yet been our own ; but you , by your Negligence , have suffer'd her to surprize it ; and to advance her Conquest at such a rate over me , that tho' I shou'd surrender to you , all that remains of me , you wou'd not have so much as one half of that which you have lost . Nevertheless , let me assure you , That you have gain'd , in my Esteem , as much as you have lost in my Affection ; and that at the very time that I was beginning to Love you less , I was forced to Honour you more . I have seen nothing of yours since your Departure , which does not go beyond all that you had done before : And by your last Works , you have the Honour of Excelling him who surpass'd all others . It cannot therefore but appear strange , that when you have so much reason to be contented , you should yet be complaining , and that you your self should be the only great Man who remains dissatisfied with you . At present all France is listening to you , and you are indifferent to no Man , who has but learnt to Read. All who are concern'd for the Honour of their Country , are not more inquisitive after what the Mareschal de Crequi is doing , than they are after what is doing by you . And you are the Person who can make more Noise in your Solitude , than the most Happy and most Renown'd of our Generals , at the Head of forty Thousand Men. Can you wonder then , that with so much Glory , you should be obnoxious to Envy ; and that the very same Judges with whom Scipio was Criminal , and who condemn'd Aristides and Socrates , should not unanimously do Justice to your Desert ? The People can plead Prescription for hating the very Qualities which they admire in any one . Every thing which transcends 'em , they think affronts 'em ; and they can better bear with a common Vice , than an extraordinary Virtue . So that if that Law was in force amongst us , of Banishing the most Powerful for Authority or Reputation , I make no doubt , but that you would stand the Mark of the Publick Envy : and I believe ev'n Cardinal Richlieu would not run greater Hazard . But , for God sake , have a care of calling that your Misfortune , which is but that of the Age : And complain no more of the Injustice of Men , since all , who have Worth , are of your side ; and that amongst them , you have found a Friend , whom yet , perhaps , you may lose once more : At least , I shall do my utmost to put you into a condition of doing so . For every Man's Darling Vanity , at present , is to be accounted yours . For my own part , I have always in so publick a manner profess'd my self so , that if thro' ill Fortune I should not be able to Love you so much as I have done , yet here let me swear to you , That you shall be the only Man to whom I will dare to declare it ; and that I will always own my self to the rest of the World , to be as much as ever , Yours , &c. To the Marquess of Pisani , who had lost all his Money and his Baggage , at the Siege of Thionville . The Character of the Marquess of Pisani , was a Man of Honour , Generosity , and Courage ; but an Extravagant , Ignorant , Obstinate , Disputing Gamester . Sir , THe Man would be to blame , or I have been very much misinform'd , who should upbraid you with having had the Mules to keep , at your Camp of Thionville : The Devil a Mule have you kept there , Sir. They tell me , that upon the weighty Consideration , that several Armies have been formerly lost by their Baggage ; you have made all possible haste to be disencumber'd of yours . And that having often read in the Roman Histories , ( this it is to be such a Man of Reading , look you ) that the greatest Exploits that were done by their Cavalry , were done on Foot , after having voluntarily dismounted in the Extreamity of the most doubtful Battles , you took a Resolution to dispatch away all your Horses , and have manag'd Matters so swingingly , that you have not so much as one left . And now , the important Person stands on his own Legs . Perhaps , you may receive some small Inconvenience from this : But let me die , if it be not much for your Honour , that you , as well as Bias , honest old Bias , I warrent you know him so wonderous well , should be able to say , that you carry all that is yours about you . No great quantity I must confess of Foppish Accoutrements , nor a long Train of Led-horses , nor abundance of that which they call the Ready ; but Probity , Generosity , Magnanimity , Constancy in Dangers , Obstinacy in Disputes ; a Contempt of all Foreign Languages , Ignorance of False Dice , and a surprising Tranquillity upon the Loss of Transitory Things : Qualities , Sir , which are properly and essentially yours ; and of which neither Time nor Fortune can ever deprive you . Now as Euripides , who was , as you know , or as you know not , one of the gravest Authors of Greece , writes in one of his Tragedies , that Money was one of the Evils , and one of the most pernicious ones , that slew from Pandora's Box ; I admire , as a Divine Quality in you , the Incompatibility which you shew for it , and look upon it to be a distinguishing Mark of a Great and Extraordinary Soul , that you are Uneasie till you are rid of this Corrupter of Reason , this Pois'ner of Souls , this Author of so much Disorder , of so much Injustice , and of so many Violences . Yet , I could heartily wish , that your Virtue were not arriv'd at such an extraordinary Pitch , and that you could be brought to some Accommodation with this Enemy of Human Kind , and that you might be persuaded to make Peace with it , as we do with the Great Turk , for Politick Reasons , and the Advantage of Commerce . Now upon Consideration , that it is a difficult matter to be much at one's Ease without it , and fancying that as I play'd for you at Narbonne , you threw for me at Thionville ; and that it is perhaps in my Name , that you have pack'd off your Baggage , I here send you a hundred Pistols at present in part of Payment ; and , that these may not meet with the same Fate which befel their Predecessors , I desire you not to defile your Hands with them , but to deliver them to the French Gentlemen who are with you , for whose sake I chiefly remit them . I am , &c. The End of Mr. Dennis's Translation . To Mademoiselle de Burbon , A Relation of the Author 's being toss'd in a Blanket . By Tho. Cheek , Esq. Madam , LAst Friday in the Afternoon I was toss'd in a Blanket ; because I had not made you Laugh in the time that was given me : Madam de Rambouillet pronounc'd the Sentence , at the Request of her Daughter , and Mademoiselle Paulet . They had deferr'd the Execution to the return of the Princess , and your self ; but they bethought themselves afterwards , not to delay it any longer ; and that it was very improper to put off Punishment to a time , which ought to be wholly devoted to Pleasure . 'T was in vain to cry out , and make Resistance , the Blanket was brought , and four of the lustiest Fellows they cou'd get , were pick'd out for this Service . I may venture to affirm to you , Madam , that no Man was ever yet in so exalted a Condition as I was , and I did not believe that Fortune wou'd ever have raised me so high ; at every Toss they threw me out of sight , and sent me higher than a soaring Eagle . I saw the Mountains crouching far below me , the Winds and Clouds travel beneath my Feet , discover'd Countries that I n'ver had seen , and Seas I n'ver had thought of . There can be nothing more diverting , than to see so many things all at once , and to discover half the Globe at one View . But I assure you , Madam , all this cannot be seen without some Disturbance ; when one is in the Air , and certain of falling down again , that which frightned me the most was , That , when I was very high , looking downwards , the Blanket appear'd so small that I thought it impossible to fall into it ; and that I confess was some trouble to me : But , among so many different Objects , which at the same time struck my Sight , there was one which for some Moments took away my Fear , and touch'd me with real Pleasure : It is this , Madam , Being desirous to look towards Piedmont to see what pass'd there , I saw you at Lyons , as you cross'd the Saone ; at least , I saw a great Light upon the Water , and abundance of Rays about the most charming Face in the World : I cou'd not well discern who was with you , because at that time my Head was lower-most ; and I believe you did not see me , for you look'd another way ; I made Signs to you as well as I could : but as you began to look up , I fell down again , and one of the Tops of the Mountain Tarara hindred you from seeing me : As soon as I came down , I told 'em that I had seen you , and , as I was going to tell 'em how you did , they all fell a Laughing as if 't were a thing impossible , and immediately began to make me leap higher than before . There happen'd to me a very strange Accident , which will seem incredible to those who have not seen it : One time when they had toss'd me to a very great height , in coming down , I found my self in a Cloud , which being very thick , and I extremely light , I was a great while intangled in it , before I could fall down again ; so that they stayed a long time below , spreading the Blanket and looking up without being able to imagine what was become of me . By good Luck there was no Wind stirring , for if there had , the Cloud in marching would have carried me of one side or t'other , and so I must have inevitably fallen to the Ground , which could not have happen'd without hurting me very much . But a more dangerous Accident succeeded this , the last time they threw me into the Air , I found my self amongst a Flock of Cranes , who at first were mightily surprized to see me so high ; but when they came near me , they took me for a Pigmy , with whom , you know Madam , they have perpetual War , and thought I came to 'em as a Spy into the middle Region ; immediately they fell upon me with great STrokes of their Beaks , and with such Violence , that I imagin'd my self struck with a hundred Daggers . And one of them , that had taken me by the Leg , pursu'd me so furiously , that she did not leave me till I was in the Blanket . This made my Tormentors afraid to send me back to the Mercy of my Enemies ; who were now got together in great numbers , and hover'd in the Air expecting me again . At last they carried me home again in the same Blanket , but so dispirited as never Man was : To tell you the truth , this Exercise is a little too violent for one of my tender Constitution . I leave it to you , Madam , to judge how cruelly I have been dealt with , and for how many Reasons you are obliged to condemn this Action ; and to deal plainly with you , you that are born with so many commanding Qualities , should think it of the highest Consequence to begin betimes to hate Injustice , and to take those that are oppress'd into your Protection : I beseech you then , Madam , in the first place , to declare this an Outrage you by no means approve ; and for Reparation of my Honour , and my Strength , to order a great Canopy of Gause , to be set up for me in the blew Chamber of the House of Rambouillet , where I shall be waited on , and magnificently entertain'd for a whole Week , by the two Ladies who were the cause of this Misfortune ; that at one Corner of the Room they shall be continually making Sweet-meats ; one of 'em shall blow the Fire , and t'other shall do nothing else but put Syrrup upon Plates to cool , and bring it me as often as I have occasion . Thus , Madam , you will do a deed of Justice , worthy of so great and beautiful a Princess , and I shall be obliged to be with the utmost Sincerity and Respect , To Madam de Rambouillet . By Joseph Raphson , Esq Madam , How threatning soever your Letter be , I could not chuse but admire its Beauty , and wonder how you could joyn the obliging and the terrible Stile with so much Artifice together . You make me think of the Gold and Azure we find on the Skins of our Snakes , you do as it were enamel the sharpest Reflections , with the liveliest Colours of Eloquence ; and , in reading them , I cannot forbear to be pleased with those very things which most affright me . You soon began to be as good as your Word , when you told me that you would no longer smile , then Fortune frown'd on me : In the same Minute she seems to have granted me a little Repose , you begin to disquiet me , and shew me , that tho' I have escaped the Dangers of the Seas and Pyrates , I am not yet in Safety , and that you are more dreadful than they . I could not have thought , Madam , that for having refused a Quarrel with your Dwarf , I should have contracted one with yourself , nor that I should be obliged to answer a Challenge , because I did a Complement : If you think I fail'd in that , you ought rather to call it Respect and Fear , than Contempt ; and believe that the same Creature who difarm'd Monsieur de M — of his Sword , made my Pen fall from my Hand . Altho' he might have some Reason to complain , yet you had none to take his part against me ; and if you wish me Ill for his sake , I may justly say you quarrel with me on the least Occasion in the World. If you are resolved to persecute me , all the Excuses I can alledge will signifie nothing ; and I can only wonder you take so much Pains to find a Pretence for it . It will be no Advantage to me , to have come so far thro' so many Dangers ; I shall find Algiers , where-ever you are ; and tho' I am in Brussels , yet I was never so near Captivity , or being Shipwrack'd . However , don't perswade your self , Madam , that the Flames of those Animals wherewith you threaten me , can make me afraid . I have long since learnt to defend my self from those sorts of Mischiefs ; and whatever you can say , I am more apprehensive of Death from you Eyes , than your Hands . Among all the Passages of your Letter , which seems to me admirable in all its parts , I take particular notice of what you say , how great a pleasure it wou'd have been to you , if I had been taken by the Pyrates ; I can't but attribute it to your extraordinary Goodness , that you cou'd wish I had been two or three Years chain'd to an Oar in the Turkish Gallies , that somy Voyage might have been more diversified . 'T was an ingenious Curiosity , to desire to know how I could look after and dress the Camels of Barbary , and with what unshaken Constancy I could bear Bastinado's ! After the rate you talk , I suppose you would have been glad , if I had been empal'd for half an Hour , to have satisfied you how it felt , and what I thought of it : But that which is yet more considerable , these kind Wishes , you say , you bestow'd upon me , after you had reassum'd the mild Form of Woman , and were somewhat appeas'd , and become more Humane ; neither can I any more reconcile to Justice the Quarrel you would pick with me about Alcidalis : Judge , Madam , if being embark'd in the same Seas with him , and in the same Dangers , I could forget those Perils which I suffered , to recount those he had gone through ; and while I lay under my own Misfortunes , if I could amuse my self to write a History of his ? Notwithstanding I did not omit it in the midst of my Troubles , I writ above a hundred Sheets of his History , and took a particular Care of his Life , at a time when I can swear to you , I had none of my own . But don't thence , Madam , make an Estimate of the Care I take to please my Friends . After I have render'd you all the imaginable Services I can , those Shadows can only shew you the least part of the Passion I have for your Concerns . If you would know that , consider it rather in the Cause than in the Effects . But your Imagination , how lively and wonderful soever it is , falls short of that ; and if there is any thing in the whole World greater then your Soul , and which is beyond its Comprehension , it is the Respect , Affection , and Esteem it has bred in mine . Being no less sensible to acknowledge the Obligations I owe to other excellent Persons , you 'll think that the Letter I receiv'd at the same time with yours , brought me an infinite Satisfaction , as well as an extreme Honour . You knew better than any other , the Inclination and Respect I have always had for the Merits of the Person who writ it , and you may remember in the time of the Civil Wars between you two , I have sometimes left your part to take his . But this last Goodness of his has gained something afresh in my Heart ; and since I have receiv'd it , pardon me , if you please , that I have esteem'd him for some Moments above any other Person in the World : But that you may not think , Madam , that it is you who have procured me all the Favours I receive from him , I assure you that on another Occasion very lately he has done me a piece of Service , without your being privy to it : Altho' it is none of those I take the most Pleasure in receiving , and it has given me a new Subject of reflecting on my ill Fortune , yet I esteem it a great Honour to owe Obligations to him , which I should be ashamed to do to any other , and I am glad to receive any Marks of his Generosity . He 'll swear , when you speak to him of it , he knows not what you mean ; and methinks I now see him telling you so : but you know his Humour and Temper , never to forget to do a good Action , and never to remember it when it is done . Since the Honour of your Esteem for me , has been the first Motive to establish me in his Favour , I humbly beg , Madam , your Assistance to return him those Thanks I owe him , and that way to pay him at least as far as I can at present . I a thousand times kiss the Feet of that incomparable Person who was pleased to write with her own Hand the Superscription of the Letter you sent me , and with four or five Words , render that Present inestimable , which was extraordinary precious before . You have a great deal of Reason to call her the most charming and agreeable Person in the World , who can relieve the Distressed at such a Distance . I with that she , who so well knows how to manage it , may once have all the Happiness due to so much Goodness , Beauty and Vertue together , tho' I know this Wish is very Extensive . I hear that the Lady , which I used to call the Morning-Star , is become Greater and more Admirable than ever , and that it at the same time enlightens and burns all France ; although its beams scarce reach the dark Shades where we live , yet its Reputation does , and as far as I can understand , the Sun is not so bright as it . I am glad the Intelligence that animates it , has lost nothing of its Force and Light , and that there is nothing but the Soul of Madamoiselle de Bourbon , that can make us doubt , whether her Beauty is not the most perfect thing in the World. The manner , as I have seen in one of your Letters , she condoles me in , appears admirably fine : indeed so many Crosses I have met with , ought to stir up Pity in her ; in her , I say , who is so well acquainted with my Weakness , and who knows that from my Cradle , I have not had one Day of Repose . It has been disturbed at the Postscript of your Letter addressed to King Chiquito . In the Hell of Anastarax I found mine ; and there I wandered three Nights and Days , without seeing a jot of any thing . I am very sorry for it , for I desired above any thing in the World to have the Comb of King Georgia ; I have had a mind to it above these two Years . But since you pretend to so much Guessing , Imagine if you please , Madam , all I would farther say , if I durst make my Letter longer . Guess how much more I honour and esteem , you than I did two Years ago ; and think with how much Passion I am , Madamoiselle , Yours , &c. Brussels . To the Cardinal de la Valette . By the same Hand . My Lord , I Am apt to believe , when you writ me the Letter , you were pleased to Honour me with , that you thought the Esteem I have always had for you , has acquired you some Reputation in the World : That on all Occasions , I had given you infinite Testimonies of the Honor of my Friendship , and had for that reason lent you two thousand Crowns on an extraordinary Occasion ; and that at such a Time when all your Credit fail'd you else-where ; at such a Juncture too , that otherwise your Reputation must have for ever sunk . At least , after the rate you return your Thanks , and speak of your self , and me , I have reason to believe , that in a Dream , you have mistook the one for the other , and put your self in my Place . Otherwise , my Lord , you would not write after that manner you do , unless , perhaps you are of Opinion , that there is no greater Good in the World than to do so to others , and think those oblige you , who give you an Opportunity of obliging them , and imagine you receive the Pleasures you give : Certainly if it be so , there is no Man in the World , to whom you are more obliged than to me ; and I deserve all the Thanks you give me , since I have given you more Occasions than any one else of exercising your Generosity , and doing Actions of Goodness , which without doubt , are worth more than all the Good you have done me , or all that you have remaining . Among the great Number of those I have received from you , and among so many Favours you have been pleased to bestow upon me , I assure you , my Lord , there are none I Esteem so much as the Letter , you have done me the Honour to Write to me ; and if among so many Things which affected me with Joy , there is any one Thing that did so above the rest , I must needs beg your leave to tell you , it is that , where you mention the two Persons , who deserve all the Respect we can pay them , and to whom , if we compare them not one to the other , there is nothing under the whole Heaven , they can be compared to . When I think that I am in their Memory , for that Moment my Pains cease ; and whensoever , I represent to my self the Image of either the one or the other , the very Face of my Fortune seems to be changed , and that Imagination chaces from my Spirit , the Darkness which oppresses it , and fills it with Light : But that which is still a greater Happiness , is , tho' I am so far from ever having deserved the Honour of their Favour , yet I flatter my self that I have some share in it ; and I am so happy as to believe what you tell me concerning it . I know one , my Lord , who would not be so easie to be perswaded , if he were in my place , and who after two Years Separation could not live in so much Tranquillity , nor with so great Assurance . In the Satisfaction which that Belief gives me , be pleased to judge if I am much to be lamented , and if there are not many whom the World calls Happy , that are not so much as I : Without this I could not defend my self from the general Sorrow which is here on all sides , nor resist the Melancholy of Monsieur de C — , whom I am forced every Day to contend with , and who is in Truth much above what is commonly imagined of him . Besides his Fancy he has taken to let his Beard grow , which already reaches down to his Middle , he affects a Tone more severe than ever , and which comes very near the sound of Astolphus's Horn : Unless he were to treat of the Immortality of the Soul , or of the Supreme Good , and the most Important Questions of Moral Philosophy , he could not Bawl lowder . If Democritus should come again , though he was never so great a Philosopher , he would not bear with him , because he was addicted to Laughing ; he has undertaken to reform the Doctrine of Zeno , as too soft ; and is going about to make the Stoicks turn Capuchins . So that , my Lord , you don't desire any Advantage to that People , whose Governour — you wish him to be . To a young Lady , Maid of Honour to his Royal Highness's Daughter . By Henry Cromwell , Esq Madam , HAving been ever sensible of the Power of your Eloquence , assist me , I beseech you , in returning my Acknowledgements to the fairest , and most generous Princess of the World : For , I swear , I have been Opprest with her Bounties , and must declare , that there is not any thing under Heaven , so Lovely , and so Charming , as the Mistress whom you serve ; I had almost said whom we serve : And , indeed what would I not give , that I might thus express it ? From the first Moment that I heard her , I presently concluded that there was not in the World so great a Genius as hers ; but the Care she has been pleas'd to take of me , above all things amazes me , and I can not sufficiently admire , how , among such elevated Thoughts , she can have room for any so trivial ; and how a Mind , in all things else so high , can descend so low . The Pastils which were presented me this Morning , have had a wonderous Effect upon me , and I can not imagine from whence this Miracle proceeds , unless from a Touch of her Royal Highness's Hand ; for I find my self infinitely better , by having kist the Paper only that inclosed 'em : This , as long as I live , shall be my Antidote against all sorts of Ills , and there is but one , for which so pleasing a Remedy as this can have no Cure : But lest you should too curiously inquire , what this is I mean , 't is much better that I should explain my self , and tell you , that 't is the Trouble , to have so seldom the Sight of her , and to be destin'd to live far from the only Person who deserves to be Adored ; if you reflect upon this , it will appear the greatest of Misfortunes ; and 't is very hard to be a Man of Honour , and survive it . To the Marchioness de Rambouillet , on Absence . By the same Hand . Madam , My Lady , your Mother , must excuse me ; but never any thing was so tiresom to me as Rome : Not a Day passes , but I see something that 's wonderful ; Master-pieces of the greatest Artists that ever were ; Gardens where there is an everlasting Spring ; Buildings that are not to be equal'd in the World , and Ruins yet more Beautiful than they : But all this that I tell you hath no power to divert me , and at the same time that I see 'em , I wish my self far from 'em : The most excellent Paintings , Sculptures , and Portraictures of Apelles , Praxiteles de Papardelle have no Charms for me . I shou'd be amazed at this , were I not sensible of the Cause , and did not well know that a Person who has been accustom'd to the sight of you , cou'd never be easie when he did not enjoy it : for to tell you the Truth , Madam , I have the same Sence of you , as of Health ; I never so well know your Value , as when I have lost you : and although , when I am near you , I manage not always so well as to maintain my self with you , yet from the Moment that I behold you no more , I seek you with a thousand Wishes . I call to mind that you are the most precious of worldly Things , and I find by Experience , that all the Delights of the Earth are harsh and disagreeable without you : I had more Pleasure some time ago in two or three turns of the Ruel with you , than I have had since , in seeing all the Vine-yards of Rome , or that I shou'd have to see the Capitol , though in all its ancient Splendor , with even Jupiter Capitolinus there in Person ; but that you may know that this is no Raillery , and that I am really as Ill as I express it , 't is but eight Days since , that walking in the Morning with the Chevalier de Jars , I had fall'n all along if he had not received me in his Arms ; and the next Evening I swoon'd once more in the Apartment of the Mareshal de Estree's . The Physicians say that those are melancholy Vapours , and that these Accidents are not to be neglected ; as for me , since this has taken me two Days successively , and that I was threatn'd with something worse , I have neither been stupid nor insensible ; but have taken some Antimony which Monsieur Nerli gave me ; this has done me some good , and I 'll bring four Doses with me , which I will perswade the Dutchess d'Ainguillon to take ; for there is no Volatile Salt which can have so good Effect : and this we must be contented with , till he that hath given me it , shall find the Receipt of the Aurum Potabile , which Secret , as he says , he shall attain to in a Year at least . I hope to leave this place in a Week ; you will be amaz'd that I can continue so long in a Place which I tell you I have been so tyr'd with ; but I have been kept here till now , by some things which I will acquaint you with , and which I have not yet been able to dispatch ; but I assure you once more , that I never in my Life was so uneasie and so impatient to see you ; I humbly beseech you to do me the Honour to believe me , and to be assur'd that I am much more than I can here express , Rome . Madam yours . To Monsieur Costart . By — Monsieur , You will be surprized that I solicite your Assistance in an Affair on t'other side the Mountains ; that I beg your Succour against the Romans : It is not the first time as you know , that they have disturbed the Quiet of those that troubled themselves not with them . But I think they were never so unjust to any body as to me ; they never gave Hannibal more Vexation than they will me , if you do not help me : Quorsum haec , I 'll tell you ; They have among them an Academy of Men , that call themselves Humourists , which is as it were fantastical ; and indeed , they must be so to take a fancy to admit me into their Number , and to advise me of it by a Letter from one of their Society . I must write him an Answer of Thanks in Latin ; and this 't is puts me in such pain . But I have been eas'd from the Moment that I thought of you , for this methinks is your true Tallent , and a Man that lives in Poitou , and writes Latin Letters out of Wantonness , can't refuse me one . Their Device is a Sun raising Vapours from the Sea , which falls back again in Rain , with this Motto out of Lucretius , Fluit agmine dulci : Pray try what you can say upon this , and upon the Honour which they have done me , and my want of Merit . Monsieur Pauquet will be sure not to fail us , and he knows more then either you or I : I leave this Matter wholly to you two ; for I am no way capable of it , when you can do it if you please . Me dulcis domine Musa Lycimnie , Cantus , me voluit dicere lucidum Fulgentes oculos , & bene mutuis , Fidum Pectus amoribus . She has been gone this nine Days : Poor Lycimnia ! Without Lying , I love her better than my self , but not better than you , I am , Monsieur , &c. To Madam — To acquaint me with your Sufferings , is the way to redouble mine ; and I , that have supported my own with so much Patience , doubt whether I shall be able to bear up under yours . But whatever happens , I can't indure too much , since it is for Love of you , and the two Words which you have put in your Billet , out of Rank from the rest ; are enough to render any thing supportable , and make me cheerfully embrace Martyrdom . I suppose you have no doubt of it , and that you are assur'd of my Resolution , since after having warned me of the Mischief you intend me , you expect that I should come and meet you : and that after Dinner , I should voluntarily appear in a place where my Pains are to be encreas'd . These Menaces wou'd terrifie any other but my self , and make a wiser Man than I , provide for his Security : But whatsoever Danger I foresee , it 's impossible for me to disobey you : Or having the Honour of knowing you so well as I do , to forbear being , Madam . To the same . I Have forgot all that I shou'd say to — to whom you wou'd reconcile me , and I assure you'tis not because I have slept since ; I am sorry to have so little Concern for a Person so well recommended to me , and that not being able to afford her any room in my Affection , she had no more in my Memory . It 's the part of my Soul in which I may with most Justice allow her a place , being that which is most opposite to the Judgment , and wherein things past are laid up . But if I say any thing obliging to her after Dinner , she shall not be able to complain that I talk to her by heart ; for I find that I 'm so much a Stranger to all that I have to say to her , that if you do not quickly relieve me , you shall see that I know no more than you , either the Words or Time : I wish you knew no better that of your departure . For without lying , I have not Courage to endure the bare thought of it , which stifles in me all others . When I think that to Morrow you will be no longer here , I am surpris'd that I am to Day in the World , and I am ready to confess to you that there is some Faction in this Love , which I testifie , when I consider that I yet breathe , and that my Displeasure has not yet finished my Days . Others have lost their Speech and confin'd themselves to inaccessible Solitudes for less Misfortunes than mine . I own that I could not go so far from you , to vent my Grief , but I am methinks to be excused for not seeking a Cell in the Desarts of Aegypt , since I hope for a place in that which you are making . It is this Hope only , which keeps me in the World , and my Life hangs only on this Expectation . I know not whether all that I here say be within the bounds of a passionate Friendship , but you cannot accuse me of speaking too intelligibly , since all my words will bear a double Construction ; nor complain that I do not write to you in such Terms as you desire , since I never met with the Person that shou'd inform me what those are : So long as some Allowance is made for my Failings , and that I may tell you some part of my thoughts , I swear to you by the same Affection that I did Yesterday , that the only Folly I shall ever be guilty of , shall be always to love the most aimiable Person that ever was , and that I will be content to be hated by you , when ever I offer you my Friendship . To Diana . By the same Hand . Madam , IF you be as sensible of the Uneasiness of not seeing what you love , as I am ; if you suffer , during this Absence , any thing like what I endure ; What Considerations , charming Diana , could prevail upon you , to be two Days without seeing me ? Why do not we rather hazard the other Extremity , than this which our Misfortune reduces us to ? Is it reasonable , to hinder four or five People from prating and observingour Satisfaction we should sacrifice it , and to prevent a little Noise , endure so much Misery ? No , no , my dear Diana , the greatest Misfortune that can befal us , is to be separated from one another ; I know nothing that we ought so much to fear : Do not think that our Love is a whit the more private , for the pains we take to conceal it ; the Dejection which is visible in my Countenance , speaks plainer than any body can do . Let us then lay aside a Discretion which cost us so dear , and give me , after Dinner , an Oppertunity of seeing you , if you would have me live . To the President of the Houshold . By *** Sir , MAdam de Marsilly believes that I have some Int'rest in you ; and I , who am vain enough to be thought to have it , have not inform'd her to the contrary . She is a Lady esteem'd at Court , and that may influence the Parliament ; and if she succeeds in a Cause to be heard before you , believing that I have contributed to her Success , you cannot imagine the Credit it will do me amongst the better part of the World : I can propose nothing to byass you farther than by putting you in mind of my Interest , because you know your own can never engage you . To serve a Friend , and to do Justice , which is all we demand , are things the severest Judges may be solicited for ; and I shall be sensible you do 'em both to me , if you continue loving me as much as you have done hitherto , and if you believe that I am Yours . To Monsieur d'Emer , Comptroler General of the King's Revenues . By the same Hand . Sir , SInce you won't permit me to mention some of your Letters , pray give me leave to take notice of that you writ to Monsieur d' Arses upon my Account , and to tell you , there are very few in France , that can write in such a Manner , particularly where you say that to accommodate my Affair you 'll advance a Sum of Money ; you must pardon me , if I am of Opinion that to offer twenty thousand Livers to do a Friend a Service , is so gallant a way of Writing , that there are few capable of expressing themselves in such a Stile : Even we of the Academy of the Beaux Esprits , are not able to boast of any Turn of Thought equal to this . The Abridgment of a Letter to Monsieur d'Avaux . By the same Hand . VIs ergo inter nos , quid possit uterque vitissim , Experiamur : No , I beg your Pardon Sir , Apollo tells me I am overmatch'd , and I am resolv'd to take his Advice ; nor am I concern'd that you have so far exceeded me in your last Letter , because there you have even exceeded your self : I must tell you , I am jealous of the very Praises you give me ; they are so artful and ingenious , that I shou'd be prouder of being capable of giving , then receiving them ; and the very Words wherein you tell me how much I am above others , shew me how much more you deserve that Compliment ; every Line of your Letter is extraordinary , especially the Picture you draw of Madam de Longueville , which is so ravishing , that the sight of the Original cou'd not have transported me more . You say 't is wonderful , that at a Treaty for Peace , you cannot be safe in Munster , notwithstanding the Pass-ports from the Emperour and the King of Spain ; that is , Sir , you cannot be secure in Munster because Madam de Longueville is there . When you upbraid me , that you have had but one Letter from me in a whole Year , and that I cannot hold out to Write twice successively with the same Force , I cannot but acknowledge that even your reprimands are not less obliging than your Praise , except where you tell me I am fifty Years old , and where you upbraid me with my Spectacles and grey Hairs . Before I make an end of this Letter , I must send you the Compliment of Madam de Sable , and Madam Monthausier : I have shown them both these Passages of your Letter , where you speak of Madam de Longueville ; for the rest , fear not that any shall see it , especially that part where you speak of fifty Year old . You must know , that here I am but forty seven , therefore pray let me be no more at Munster . I had alomst forgot to tell you , those Ladies commanded me to say , that if you speak but as well as you write , Madam de Longueville cannot be tedious in any place where you are . They swear there is no Person upon Earth has Wit enough but your self , and I tell them that I have thought the same thing this five and twenty Years ; but I must detain you no longer , Ne me Crispini Scrinia lippi , Compilasse putes . Verbum non amplius addam . To Madam — . By Henry Cromwell , Esq Madam , THe Letter which you desired to see , is not worth the least Line of that in which you command it ; but you , who were Yesterday so devout , do you make no scruple to write such Things in the Holy-week , and do you not apprehend the Consequence of 'em , and what Effect they may have ? I had set my Conscience at rest , and for that reason had resolved never to see you more . But your Letter has given me a new Disorder ; and as well as another , I have suffer'd my self to be overcome by your Pearls , and your four thousand Livers . I could not have thought , that you wou'd ever have made use of such Means , to regain a Lover , or that these sort of Things cou'd have had any Power over me : And I assure you , 't is the first time that I have let my self be dazled with Riches . So to tell you the Truth , the Pearls were never so well set as they are in your Letter ; and your four thousand Franks as you have manag'd 'em , are worth more than three hundred thousand : You are an incomprehensible Person , and I can not sufficiently Admire , how , without reading Herodotus , and making use of the Saturnalia , you can write such delicate Letters : As for me , Madam , I begin to imagine that you have deceiv'd us , I believe you are acquainted with the source of Nilus , and that Spring from whence you draw all these fine Things , which you say , is much more secret and unknown : in fine , whatsoever your Steward says , 't is not the Marchioness d' Sable , who is the finest Person in the World : you have more Charms in a corner of an Eye , than there is in all the rest of the Earth : Nor have all the Charms of Magick a Power comparable to those you write . To Madam — . By the same Hand . YOu may be assur'd that neither Grief nor Love will ever be the Death of any Person , since neither the one nor the other have yet kill'd me ; and that having been too Days without the Honour of seeing you , I have some appearance of Life remaining : If any thing cou'd have made me resolve upon a Distance from you , 't was the Belief I had that Death wou'd have been the only Consequence , and that so great a Pain as that wou'd not suffer me long to have languished : Notwithstanding , I find , beyond all my Hopes , that I last much longer than I imagine ; and whatsoever Mortal Wounds I have , I believe , my Soul can not detach its self from my Heart , because it sees your Image there : This is the only Pretence that I find not to tax it with Cowardise , and the only Reason that shou'd detain it so long in a Place , where its Sufferings are so great . From that Hour when you saw me , dragg'd by four Horses , and tore in pieces at my Separation from you : I swear to you , that I have not yet dryed my Eyes , and although they can no longer distinguish Colours , or discern the Light , yet will they serve more faithfully than ever , in assisting me to Weep for your Absence : Tormented and Languishing as I am , methinks I am left all alone upon the Earth , or that I have been transported into that corner of the World , where the Sun is not much oftner seen , than Comets here with us , and where the shortest Night is three Months long : But this Misfortune wou'd not be the worst that might befal me , if this present Night of mine lasted no longer ; but I doubt if after so long time I shall see the Light again : Judge , I beseech you , to what Extremity I am reduc'd , that being only at the Entrance of so long and melancholy a Night , I already begin to count the Hours , and every lingering Moment with Impatience . Oh! that amidst the Darkness that overwhelms me , there were at least some Intervals of Repose , and that I cou'd sometimes have pleasing Dreams , but whatever my waking Dreams are , they are never so Extravagant as to propose to me any thing agreeable ; and my Thoughts are only reasonable in this , that they never promise me any good in this Condition : I believe that I may swear to you , that the most unfortunate Man this Day in the World , is he who Honours you the most ; and it were impossible that I cou'd have lived so long , had I not hoped that it would have soon dispatched me : I plainly see that I have but fifteen Days more to deplore your Absence ; and that my Life and my Misfortunes can endure no longer : This Hope alone has made me suffer both , with less Impatience ; and I believe you are not displeas'd at it , since all that I ought to hope , you are willing to indulge me ; at least I cannot explain the last Words you said to me , more advantageously to my self ; and whatsoever way I take it , I cannot see , what better I have ever to expect : nevertheless , you , who are more discerning , and see much farther than I can , I beseech you tell me , if my Passion ought not to have an Event more fortunate than this , and what might have become of me if I had longer surviv'd it . To Mons. de Chaudebonne . By Thomas Cheek , Esq Sir , I Write to you in sight of the Coast of Barbary : There is but a Channel between us of about three Leagues over ; tho' it is the Ocean , and the Mediterranean Sea together : You would be surprized to see a Man so far off , who takes so little Pleasure in Rambling , and who was in such haste to return to you . But the Advice I receiv'd , that this Season was very improper for Navigation , by reason of the great Calms , and that I should find it very difficult to Embark before September , has given me at once an Inclination , and Leisure to pursue this Voyage , for I chose rather to suffer the Fatigue of Travelling , than the Laziness of Madrid . So that after having seen at Grenada all that remains of the Magnificence of the Moorish King's El Alhambra , the Zaccatin , and that famous Place the Vivarambla , where I had formerly imagin'd so many Tilts and Tournaments , I am just come to the Point of Gibraltar : From whence , as soon as they shall have equipp'd me a Frigot , I hope to pass the Streights , and visit Ceuta , and coming back from thence , to take the Road of Cales , St. Lucar , and Sevil , and so to Lisbon . Hitherto , Sir , I have not repented of this Enterprize , which at this time of the Year has seemed rash to all the World : Andalousia has reconciled me to all the rest of Spain , and having pass'd it in so many other Parts , I should be sorry not to have seen it in the only Place where it appears Beautiful . You 'll think it strange , that I praise a Country , where it is never Cold , and where the Sugar-canes grow : But in Recompence , I can assure you , they have such Melons , that 't were worth coming four hundred Leagues to tast them ; and that Country , for which a whole People wander'd so long in the Wilderness , could not be , in my Opinion , much more delicious than this is . I am attended here by Slaves , who are hansome enough to be my Mistresses , and it is permitted me every-where to gather Palmes without Conquest . This Tree , for which all ancient Greece has fought , which is not to be found in France , but in our Poets , is here no scarcer than the Olive-trees ; and there is not an Inhabitant on this side who has not more of them , than all the Caesars . You may behold at one View the Mountains charg'd with Snow , and Vallies cover'd with Fruit. They have Ice in August , and Grapes in January : Summer and Winter here are always mixt together , and when the Year grown old in other Countries , and whitens all the Earth , here it is ever green with Lawrels , Orange-trees and Mirtles . I confess , Sir , I endeavour to make it seem as beautiful to you as I can ; and having complained to you formerly of the Ill I have met with in Spain , if I do not retract what I have said , I think I am oblig'd , at least , to represent to the best Advantage , whatever I find that 's Good in it : In the mean time you 'll wonder , that a Man so much a Libertine as I am , should be in haste to quit all this , to go and find his Master . But I 'll swear ours is such a One , that there can be no Pleasure , that ought to be preferred to the Honour and Satisfaction of Serving him . Liberty , which is esteemed the most charming Thing in Nature , is not so desirable as his Highness : You know how little I am inclined to Flattery ; and one of the most remarkable Qualities which distinguishes my Lord , is that he cannot suffer it . But it must be acknowledged , that besides the eminent Virtues which are owing to the Greatness of his Birth ; his Affability , his good Nature , the Beauty and Vivacity of his Ingenuity , the Pleasure he takes in hearing witty Things , and the Grace with which he speaks them himself , are Qualities which can hardly be found any where to that degree , as they appear in him ; and if it were only to see something extraordinary , that I ramble about the World , what need I give myself the trouble to go so far , when I should do much better to keep near his Person . I examine every thing I see with more Curiosity than I naturally have , that when the time serves I may give a satisfactory Account to his Highness : And I am well assur'd , that when I shall have once had the Honour to discourse with him about these Matters , he will know 'em ever after better than I do . The prodigious Memory of this Prince , has been a mighty Comfort to me during my Absence ; for having had the Honour to be in it some time ago , I don't question but I have a place there still , because I can hardly imagine , that I am so unfortunate as to be the only thing he ever forgot . His Highness , who never forgot a Tribune nor an Aedile , nor even a Legionary Soldier , who has once been named in History , will not , I believe , forget one of his humble Servants ; and the whole Globe being in his Imagination better represented than in any Map of the World , let me go never so far , I need not fear for that to go out of the Honour of his Remembrance . Nevertheless , I humbly intreat you , Sir , ( you who with so much Goodness , procure me all sorts of Honours and Advantages ) to find an opportunity to tell my Lord , how much I desire to have the Honour to kiss his Hand ; and the Prayers I make continually for a Life of so great Consequence to all Mankind . If after this I desire any thing more of you , 't is only that you would be pleased to take care that time shall diminish no part of what you have so liberally given me in your Affection : But see , how far the Excess of mine has carried me , that it makes me doubt the most generous Man a live . You who know , Sir , that in all those that love much , there are always some Motions that are not conformable to Reason , pardon , 〈◊〉 beseech you , this Fear , and consider that 〈◊〉 am excuseable , being with so much Passion . Yours , &c. To my Lady Abbess , to thank her for the Cat which she sent him . By Mr. Oldys . Madam , I Was so perfectly yours before , that I imagin'd you ought to have believ'd there was no need of Presents to secure me to you , nor that you shou'd have contriv'd to catch me like a Rat , with a Cat. However , I must needs own , that your Liberality has created in me some new Affection for you ; and if there had been yet any thing in my Soul that was stragling from your Service , the Cat you sent me has caught it , and now it is intirely your own . 'T is certainly the most beautiful and jolliest Cat that e're was seen : The greatest Beau-cat of Spain , is but a dirty Puss compar'd to him ; and Rominagrobis himself , who you know , Madam , is Prince of the Cats , has no better a Mein , nor can better smell out his Interest . I can only say , that 't is very hard to keep him in , and that of a Cat brought up in Religion , he is the most uneasie to be confin'd to a Cloyster . He can never see a Window open , but immediately he is for jumping out of it ; he had e're this leap'd twenty times over the Walls , had he not been prevented ; and there is no Secular Cat in Christendom that is more a Libertine , or more head-strong than he . I am in hopes , however , that I shall perswade him to stay by the kind Entertainment I give him ; for I treat him with nothing but good Cheese and Naples-Biskets ; and perhaps ( Madam ) he was not so well treated by you : For I fancy the Ladies of — don't suffer their Cats to go into their Cupboards , and that the Austerity of the Convent won't afford 'em such good Chear . He begins to grow tame already ; Yesterday I thought verily he had torn off one of my Hands in his wanton Addresses . 'T is doubtless , one of the most playful Creatures in the World ; there 's neither Man , Woman nor Child , in my Lodging , that wears not some Mark of his Favour . But however lovely he is in his own Person , it shall always be for your sake that I esteem him ; and I shall love him so well , for the Love I have for you , that I hope to give occasion to alter the Proverb , and that hereafter it shall be said , Who Loves me , Loves my Cat. If besides this Present you will give me the Raven that you promis'd me ; and if you will send me an Elephant in a Hand-basket one of these Days , you may as proudly say that you have given me all the sorts of Beasts that I love , and ev'ry way oblig'd me to be , all the Days of my Life , Yours , &c. A Comical Letter , out of the famous Monsieur de Colletier , to Madamoiselle de Choux . By Sir D. Clark , Kt. Madam , DId you ever see an Almanack in your Life ? You 'll say this is an odd Question . I 'll give you the Reason then , why I ask'd it : There 's an odd sort of a Fellow usually pictur'd in it , Madam , with the Devil knows how many Darts in his Body . And what of him ? cry you . Why Madam , he 's only a Type of your humble Servant , for that Son of a Whore Cupid has so pink'd me all over with his confounded Arrows , that , by my Troth , I look like — let me think , like what ; — like your Ladiship 's Pin-cushion . But this is not all : Your Eyes had like to have proved more fatal to me than Cupid and all his Roguery : for , Madam , while I was Star-gazing t'other Night at your Window , full of Fire and Flame ( as we Lovers use to be ) I dropt plumb into your Fish-pond , by the same Token , that I hiss'd like a red-hot Horse-shooe flung into a Smith's Trough . 'T was a hundred Pound to a Penny , but I had been drown'd , for those that came to my Assistance , left me to shift for my self , while they sorambled for boil'd Fish , that were as plentiful as Herrings at Roterdam . Some of my Fellow-sufferers I caught , of which I intend to make an Offering to your Ladiship , as well as of , Madam , Your most devoted Slave , COLLETIER . The End of the first Part of Voiture's Letters . Twelve Select EPISTLES , OUT OF ARIST AENETVS , Epist. 2. Lib. 1. Translated from the GREEK . I Was a singing to my self one of the newest Songs last Evening in the Piazza , when a very merry Adventure befel me : Two pretty young Ladies in the bloom of their Youth , and inferiour to the Graces in nothing but their Number , came up to me , and the Elder of them , with a Look that had nothing of the Air of a Coquette in it , was pleas'd to greet me after the following manner : Whatever you may think of the matter , Sir , you have made two Conquests to Night by your Voice : Love has found a way to our Souls thro' our Ears ; we are both subdu'd by your Harmony , and have had a long Debate with our selves , for which of us you intended this Entertainment . My own Vanity made me believe it was meant for me ; my Companion here is as positive that the Compliment was designed for her . Thus not being able to decide the Controversie among ourselves , which had like to have engaged us in a Civil War , we both agreed to have it determined by yourself . Why faith , Ladies , reply'd I , to them , you are both of you very Handsome ; but the Duce take me if I am in love with either of you : therefore I wou'd advise you , as a Friend and a Plain-dealer , not to quarel about such an insignificant Fellow as I am , but to let all Acts of Hostility cease , and live like good Neighbours together : Not but that I believe I cou'd be heartily in Love with both , or either of you at any other time , but at present my Heart is engaged else-where ; and I am confident you have more Generosity and Justice than to usurp the Property of another , or to take up with the Leavings of Love. Oh! cry'd they , this is a downright Sham. There is not one handsome Woman in this Quarter of the Town , yet you pretend to be in Love ; 't is plain we have caught you in a Story , therefore you shall swear that you love neither of us . I cou'd not but laugh at the Proposal : Why , Ladies , said I , every thing I have is at your Service ; but I have a tender Conscience , and wou'd not willingly be perjur'd . That is as we would have it , said one of 'em ; we knew the Truth wou'd come out one way or other , therefore resolve to come along with us , for we won't lose so fair an Opportunity . With that both the Damosels fell a tugging and hawling me forward ; they pluckt one way , and I pluckt another ; but you know the Proverb , Two to one is odds at Foot-ball ; so I was forc'd to submit to my Destiny , and go along with 'em whither they were pleas'd to lead me . So far the Story may be read or heard by all the World , but what follows is a Secret : In short , not to set your Mouth a Watering with a Description of every Particular , I was carried to a Room , where we made an extemporary Bed with Chairs and Stools ; so ingenious is Love when it is put to its Shifts . The two good natur'd Nymphs were not disappointed ; and your humble Servant went off well satisfied with his good Fortune . Glycera to Philinna . Out of the same , Epist. 3. Lib. 2. SOme ill Demon certainly ow'd me a Spite , ( by the same Token he more than got out of my Debt ) when I was prevailed upon to marry this dull Flegmatick Lawyer of mine ; for I 'll tell you after what a horrid rate he uses me : Every Night , when other Husbands , as in Duty bound , solace their poor Wives a Bed , my Man of Law sits up , pretending he has a Conveyance to draw for my Lord — and then , says he , I 'm to make a Speech in the Court to Morrow for my Client Sir John — and if I have it not by heart , there will be the Devil and all to do ; with that he walks about the Room in a meditating Posture , to make me believe he is in earnest , mumbling I know not what unintelligible Stuff to himself . Since he has not Assets enough , as far as I can perceive , to discharge the Debt of Matrimony , why should he marry , I wonder , to inslame his Reckoning ? Why shou'd a Man that doth not want a Wife to humble his Constitution , pretend to Monopolize a young Virgin to himself , especially when he wants either Will or Ability to do her Justice ? Did he chuse to make me his Spouse only to deafen me with impertinent Stories of Executions , Answers , Ejectments , and impertinent Decrees ? Cou'd he think I cou'd ever prove such a supple Slave , as to sit up all Night to pore over a dull Statute-book ? Since I find he puts my Bed-chamber to no other use , then to profane it with nasty Petty-fogging , I am resolv'd for the future to have a separate Bed by my self : If this won't reform him , but he still continues an incorrigible Sot , drudging in other Peoples Business , and neglecting mine , I am resolv'd to shew him a Rowland for his Oliver , and to speak to some more able Council to manage my Law-case . This I hope is enough to make you comprehend my Meaning ; you are a sensible Woman , experienc'd in these Affairs , and therefore a Hint is sufficient . Consider then , my dear Friend , and tell me how I must play this Game . You are a Woman , and understand the Necessities of our Sex , and tho' I have not nam'd my Disease to you in down-right Terms , ( for my Modesty wou'd not give me leave to do that ) yet since you know the Nature of it , I hope you 'll be my Doctress , and prescribe me a Remedy . 'T is but reasonable , I think , that you , who are my near Relation , and besides have a good Tallent at Composing of Differences , shou'd stand my Friend at this Juncture : Besides , as you had a great hand in making this wicked Match , you are obliged in Honour , to make it supportable to me . But above all , it will be requisite to be very secret , for shou'd my litigious Blade come to hear that I apply my self to other Council , he may reject me for good and all , and so what I get in the Hundred , I may lose in the County . Cyrtion to Dictys . Out of the same , Epist. 7. Lib. 1. DIstracted between Joy and Greif , I write the following Lines to you : Yesterday I was at my old Recreation of Fishing by the Sea-side , and as I was drawing a thundring Fish out of the Water , so very large that it made my Rod crack again , behold there comes up to me a pretty Damosel , with a lovely mixture of Roses and Lillies in her Cheeks , tall and strait as a Cedar that likes the Ground it grows in . Thought I to myself , I 'm a lucky Dog to Day , Fortune favours me in both Elements , and now I am like to get a better Prize at Land than I drew just now out of the Water : Honest Friend , cries she , I conjure you by Neptune , to look after my Cloaths a little , while I wash my self in the Sea. This Request , you may imagine , was not unwelcome to me , because it wou'd give me an Opportunity to see something . She had no sooner thrown off her Rigging ; but , good Heavens ! there was a sight enough to have spoiled the most virtuous Resolutions of the severest Philosopher : From between her Hair , which was of a lovely Black , and flow'd down in great Quantity , I discover'd a pair of Rosie Cheeks , and an Ivory Neck , that wholly possest me with Admiration and Surprise : both these Colours were in the highest perfection , but they deriv'd no little agreement from the neighbourhood of the Black. To return to our Nymph , she had no sooner undress'd , but she plung'd foremost into the Waves . The Sea was as smooth as a Bowling-green , and when she appeared above the Water , had I not seen her before , I durst have sworn she was one of the Nereids , of whom the Poets tell us so many Stories . When she had washed as long as she thought fit , out she came ; and from such a sight as this , our Painters , I suppose , were instructed how to draw Venus rising out of the Sea. I immediately ran to my lovely Damosel to deliver her her Cloaths , and when she was so near me , cou'd not forbear to touch her Bubbies , and so forth . But to see what ill Fate attends me ! The young Gipsie blush'd and frown'd at me : But even her very Anger became her ; it gave a fresh Lustre to her Beauty , and her Eyes darted Lightning at me . Then in her Indignation she broke my Rod flung my Fish into the Sea , and ran away from me , as fast as her Legs would carry her . Imagine in what a Confusion she left me . I lamented the loss of what I had taken with so much Pains ; but the loss of her , whom I had as it were in my Hands , afflicted me infinitely more . This Disappointment , in short , so mortifies me , that I dare no longer trust my self with the cruel Idea of it . Philochorus to Polyaenus . Out of the same , Epist. 4. Lib. 1. LAst Week Hippias and I were taking a turn in the Park , when on a sudden he thus alarm'd me : Friend , says he , prithee mind that Lady yonder that leans upon her Maid's Arm. How tall ! how strait ! how well-featur'd she is ! By Heavens , 't is a Miracle of a Woman : Let us e'en cross the Walk and accost her . Why , replyed I to him , you 're mad I think : Unless I am mistaken in her Outside , she 's a Woman of Vertue , and consequently no Game for such as you and I : But if you resolve to proceed , let us view her a little more distinctly before we board her , for I love to look about me before I leap . My Companion fell a Laughing , as if he had been distracted , and striking me gently on the Shoulder , Thou' rt a Novice , said he , I find in these Affairs . Take it from me , all the Women in the World are made of sinful Materials . One may have more Hypocrisie than another , but if you put it home to her , I 'll engage you 'll find her made of true Flesh and Blood. But alas , you are a perfect Stranger to the Townintrigues , otherwise cou'd you imagine that any Woman of Honour wou'd be walking here at this time of the Day , and dart her Glances so artfully on all she meets ? Prithee observe how she plays with her Necklace , how slily she steals her pretty Hand out of her Glove ; and as if she went to reform some Disorder in her Dress , how dexterously she discovers her Breasts ? From these and a thousand other Indications I conclude that this Lady won't let a Man sigh at her Feet in vain : but what is more convincing , I now tipt the Wink at her , and she as kindly return'd it ; therefore let us go and board the Vessel , for I dare ingage she 'll make no Resistance . He had no sooner spoke these Words , but he makes directly to the Prize above mentioned , and finding a fit Opportunity , he thus made his Addresses to her : I swear by your Beauty , the most sacred Oath to me that can be , you have made your self in a Moment the absolute Soveraign of my Heart ; and if you please to order that Eves-dropping Maid of yours , to retire to some distance , I have something to communicate to you , which perhaps you will not be displeas'd to hear . She accordingly commanded her Attendant to file off , when the other in this manner persued his Discourse , As I know that Love is no Camelion to live upon Air , I am not so unreasonable as to demand any Favours of you gratis : And , on the other hand , Madam , I am sure you are too conscientious to put too high a Price on ' em . Gold , you know , may be too dearly bought ; but I hope you 'll comply with the running Market-price ; I have Madam , two things to plead for me , Vigour and Wealth , but I wou'd by my good Will husband both of 'em so , as to make 'em hold out : Come give me your Answer . The Lady's Eyes sufficiently declar'd the Consent of her Heart ; she stood still and blush'd , and such a beautiful Red streak'd her Cheeks , as we find in the Heavens when the Sun is just a setting . When my Friend found the Bargain was now as good as struck , he turn'd about to me ; And what do you think now of my Skill in these Affairs ? you would have diswaded me forsooth , from this Expedition , but now you see how I have succeeded ; for , at the expence of a few Words and a little Time I have brought the Nymph to surrender . You alas , are such a Heretick , as to believe there are Women in the World above Flattery , Corruption and Bribery ; but you are in a damn'd Mistake ; follow me , and I 'll show you some Sport : but in the mean time take this for granted , That there is no Garrison so strong , and no Woman so obstinately vertuous , but by one Practice or other , both may be brought to take a new Master . Lamprias to Philippides . Out of the same , Epist. 16. Lib. 1. YOu remember me troubl'd with all the Symptoms of Love , and desire to know how I got cur'd of it ; I us'd to entertain my Passion in the Fields and solitary Groves , which instead of abating , grew every Day fiercer , and raged more violently in my Breast . As I walk'd by the purling Streams , May Cupid , said I , and his Mother , ( for they , and only they , know what Torments I languish under , ) give me Courage enough to make a Declaration of my Passion , which hitherto I have stifl'd within me . As Love has transfixt with his Darts this tender Breast of mine , so I hope he will in the same manner , treat the fair Insensible , who has given me so many cruel Inquietudes . One Day it happened that after I had amused my self with these Contemplations in the Woods , I found I had Resolution enough to venture an Interview with my Mistress . I went accordingly to her House , and had a long Conversation with her , wherein I found the Beauties of her Mind , to be not at all inferiour to those of her Face : Her Looks wore all the bewitching Marks of the most agreeable Innocence ; I admir'd her Hand , the whitest and softest in the World : I viewed with sacred Horror , those charming Eyes , that penetrate quicker and deeper than Lightning . To compleat my Ruin , she show'd me a delicious pair of Breasts as it were by accident , on which the God of Love himself , wou'd be proud to recline his Head. All this while my Tongue was tied with a religious Awe , and I had not Assurance enough to acquaint her with my Pain . However , I was very intent on my mental Devotion , and pray'd to Cupid , that since he knew my Imbecillity so well ( which I wholly imputed to himself ) he would so effectually touch my Mistress's Heart that she of her own accord , should own her Affection for me . I had no sooner concluded these pious Ejaculations , but I found the God had heard my Prayers ; for my Mistress , who look'd so Coy and Demure at my first coming into the Room , on the sudden , smiled very graciously upon me , and gently squeez'd me by the Hand ; and then no longer able to conceal the Vehemence of her Desires , she imprest so warm a Kiss on my Lips , that I was in good hopes , the Seal wou'd never have pared from the Wax : All the Sweets of Arabia the Happy , all the fragrant Odours of the Eastern World , all the blooming Beauties of the Spring , and the Wealth of Summer : in short , all the Incense that is offer'd on the Altars of our Gods , comes infinitely short of the natural Sweetness of her Breath . But here I will stop my Narration , for what need I trouble my self to send every Particular to you , who are old enough to imagine 'em of your self . Only this I will add , That we strove all Night long , which of us should express their Love in the most Emphatical Manner ; and that , that sawcy Intruder , sleep found us too well employ'd to offer to interrupt us . Philomatia to Eumusus . Out of the same , Epist. 14. Lib. 1. THis comes to let you know that we are not so bewitched to Musick as you imagine , and that the best Lute and Guitar in the World will make but little Progress , unless it comes attended with the more powerful Harmony of Mony. Why then do you give your self and me the unnecessary trouble of so many Serenades ? Why must you employ your Hands to shew the Passion of your Heart ? Why do you persecute me with your Sonnets , and sing under my Windows ? Since Beauty's Charms do hourly fade , And a Scandal it is to be reckon'd a Maid ; Let not Love's Pleasures be delay'd . You are old enough , one wou'd think , to know that Mony atones for all Defects with us Women , and that Beauty and Vigour have no Merit with us , if they have no Gold to recommend 'em : But you think me an easy , foolish , good-natur'd Creature , who am to be imposed on by any wheedling Stories . You fancy'd , I suppose , that I never had been initiated the Misteries of our Profession and that I wou'd immediately surrender to you , upon the first stroak of your Violin , and the first touch of the Lute ; but to undeceive you , know that I was bred up under the most experienc'd Mistress of her time ; who formed my tender Mind with wholsom Precepts ; telling me , that nothing under the Sun was sincere or desirable but Mony ; and teaching me to despise every thing but that . Under her Instructions , and by her virtuous Example , I have profited so much , that I now measure Love , not by vain empty Compliments , that signify nothing , but by the Presents that are made me , and by the Almighty Rhetorick of Gold , which will stand my Friend , when a thousand such fluttering Weather-cocks as you have left me in the Lurch . Terpsion to Polycles . Out of the same , Epist. 7. Lib. 2. TO convince you how insensibly Love gets Admission into the most innocent Hearts , be pleased to read over the following Story : A young Country Girl , fell desperately in Love with her Mistress's Gallant , and took Fire herself , while she contributed to ease that of others . Being obliged to keep Watch upon the Stairs , lest the Lovers shou'd be surpriz'd , she cou'd not but often hear their Murmuring and Sighing : She saw 'em too folded in one anothers Embraces , performing the Ceremony of Love ; and thus through the Eyes and Ears of this tender Girl , the God of Love , with his Torch and Arrows plung'd himself over Head and Ears in her panting Breast . She bewailed the Unhappiness of her Condition , and accus'd her Destiny for giving her a Mind susceptible of the most tender Impressions , yet , denying her the Means to satisfy them : Why shou'd not I , said she , participate Pleasure with my Mistress , since I have a Soul as sensible as hers ? Why shou'd Love , that tramples over all Distinctions of Rank and Quality , shew himself a Dastard only in respect to me ? But she did not long afflict herself with these unprofitable Complaints . Venus wou'd not suffer her to lose the Time in lazy Wishes , for being sent one Afternoon to invite the Gallant to her Mistress's Lodgings , without any farther Preamble or Preface , she accosted him in this manner : Sir , said she , I believe you to be a Gentleman , and willing to ease the Longing of a young Virgin : If my Face will go down with you , that , and the rest of my Body are at your Service . You know well enough what it is to Love , and therefore will have Compassion , I hope , on one that languishes under that Distemper . The Gentleman without farther ado , took her at her word , and was so courteous as to play the Priest , since she was so willing to be the Sacrifice . He soon eased her of that Burden she complain'd of , and own'd that he ne'er received more Pleasure in his Life . The Kisses of married Women are generally insipid ; the Kisses of mercenary Harlots are fallacious and deceitful ; but those of an innocent , uninstructed Virgin are true , and consequently delicious . Our Lovers had like to have fainted away under the Violence of their Agitation ; their Souls hover'd about their Mouths , but their uninterrupted Kisses denied them a Passage : While the golden Minutes pass'd away in these Transports , the Mistress , who was seized with a Fit of Jealousie to see them stay so long , stole softly into the Room , and surprized them in very criminal Circumstances . The unhappy Maid found the first Effects of her Indignation , whom she thump'd and beat , and dragg'd by the Hair , but the poor Wench intreated her to consider , that tho' her ill Stars had sent her a Slave into the World , which was none of her Fault , she had as strong Inclinations as the best of her Sex : that Love was an Imperious Deity ; and when he had once got Entrance into a Heart , wou'd not throw up his Possession , as she her self cou'd not but know by Experience . Wherefore , Madam , says she , in consideration of Love , who is our common Master , and whose Yoak both of us carry , be pleased to forgive this Indiscretion in me : which , after the worst Gloss you can put upon it , was only the Effect of a foolish Curiosity , from which the best of Women are not exempt . These Complaints so innocently deliver'd , soon appeas'd her Mistress's Fury , who , taking her Gallant by the Hand , thus rallied him ; I find , crys she , you are of the Humour of some People , who had rather gather sour Grapes , than stay till they are Ripe . What cou'd make you so foolishly trifle your time with a silly raw Baggage , that is so far from knowing how to perform her part in the Chorus of Love , that she does not yet understand how to level her Kisses aright ; which are but a Prologue to the busier Drama that follows . A Virgin is dull and heavy , and unacquainted with the true Management of a Passion ; whereas , such a Woman , as I am , that has tried many a Fall with many a Man in her time , needs not the Instructions of any one , but gives the utmost Satisfaction : In short , a Woman gives , but a Virgin only receives Kisses , which makes a sensible Difference between them ; And this , continued she to her Spark , you know well enough ; but , if you want to have your Memory refresh'd , come to me to Night , and I will make you own I am in the right . What happen'd upon this , I can't tell , neither am I curious to know , because all Men affect to Govern themselves by their own peculiar Palates , but especially in the Business of Love. A Letter of Gallantry , from a young Gentleman , to his Perjured Mistress . Out of the same , Epist. 9. Lib. 2. IF you consider , Madam , what ill Treatment I have had from your Hands , you are in the right on 't to believe that I hate you most mortally ; but then if you reflect what an absolute Empire your Beauty has gain'd over my Soul , you can't but be sensible that it is impossible for me to harbour the least injurious Thought of you . To convince you how far I interest my self in every thing that concerns you , I swear to you by that adorable Face , which hath made so perfect a Conquest of me , That next to the Grief of losing you , I am in the next place concern'd to think what Punishments Heaven has in store for you , for affronting it by so open , so bare-fac'd a Perjury . Love has so effectually stifl'd all Resentments within me , that I dare not entertain the least disadvantagious Wishes against you . But tho' I am ready to forgive you , I am afraid least the Powers above shou'd call you to an account for violating their Majesty by a Crime so provoking . If the thing wholly depended on me , you might fafely stare Heaven in the Face , after you have so often called down its Vengeance on your Head ; but my Fear is , ( and my Concern for you , obliges me to tell you so much ) that the Gods will not be so ready to pardon you , as I have been ; and any Misfortune of yours wou'd asflict me more , than to find my self neglected and forgotten by you . I impute my Miseries to Destiny , not to you , ( you see Madam , I would rather judge injuriously of Heaven than of your self ) and I will never cease to pray , that Justice it self may be blind , that so you may escape the Punishments you deserve , and rather than those bright Eyes should suffer any thing , tho' they have caus'd my Ruin. Nay , if it should be your chance to trespass once more , and offend Heaven again , I hope it will have a due Regard to the Weakness of your Youth . I am content to sacrifice my Pretensions to you ; I , who wou'd sooner part with the Indies than your self , provided that you be no Sufferer . Farewel charming Creature , farewel ; and may Fate be as indulgent to you , as I have been : Show me now if you can , a Lover like me , who after such cruel Usage ever writt so humble a Letter . Abrocomas to his dear Delphis . Out of the same , Epist. 21. Lib. 2. YOu 'll be angry perhaps at the frank Confession , I am going to make to you . I examine with curious Eyes all the Women I see , I go to all the places of publick Resort , and no Female escapes me ; pray , Madam , don't think I do this to carry on any Intrigue with 'em ( for I wou'd not have you put so unjust a Construction upon my Expressions ) 't is only to see how much your Beauty surpasses theirs , and to be able to do the more Justice to your Merits . Yes , Madam , by Cupid I swear it , who never had a devouter Votary then my self , you surpass the rest of your Sex in Dress , Beauty , and the Agreeableness of your Deportment : Your Charms are so conspicuous and shining , that they need no Artifice to set 'em off : a natural Red adorns your Cheeks ; neither do you lye under any necessity to load your Head with that cumbersome Attire , other Women take a Pride in . You have the loveliest Hair in the Universe ; Who can behold so black a pair of Eye-brows , in so fair and white a Forehead , and not own himself your Slave ? I dare not trust my Invention , as fertle as it is , with venturing upon more Particulars . In short , Madam , all the Perfections of your Sex center in you ; and your Empire is never so safe , as when you appear amongst our most celebrated Beauties . Your sight alone , as it creates our Astonishment , so it commands our Love ; and to make a new Triumph , you need only appear to a new Beholder . Since my Life is intirely wrapt up in yours , I wish you may live long and happy . All my Inclinations , all my Hopes and Thoughts terminate in you ; and I earnestly beg of Heaven , that I may always continue in this Opinion . Enjoy that Conquest therefore which Nature has given you , and I will everlastingly carry Love's Golden Dart in my Breast . Neither do you endeavour to pluck it out from thence , for besides that , you are not able to do it , I don't desire to have it done , for I take pleasure in nothing so much as in my Passion . May it always be the Scope of my whole Life to love Delphis , and may it be my Fate to be beloved by her , to be subdued by her Beauty , and charm'd by her Conversation . Oceanius to Aristobulus . Out of the same , Epist. 20. Lib. 2. YOu desire to know what Progress our Friend Damon has made in the Affections of his Mistress , whom he hath so long besieg'd , and I am sorry I cannot send you so good News as I cou'd wish : He threw himself down at her Feet , and in the common strain of Lovers ; will you not , says he , take compassion on my Youth ? Will you not pity one that dies every Moment for you ? Show at least some Tenderness to the Man , who never was conquer'd by any Beauty but yours ? But she return'd him a Compliment , as cold as if it had come out of the midst of Tartary : Leave persecuting me , says she , with idle Stories of your Passion , with your pretended Darts , and your Romantick Flames , for you do but lose your Time and Labour . The Youth was reduc'd to the last Despair , when he found himself thus slighted , and as Anger on these Occasions generally succeeds to Love , he said the most reproachful bitter things against her , that his Indignation cou'd inspire him with . When his Fury had spent it self , looking upon him with a scornful Air , I know , says she , how to punish the Insolences of your Tongue : All your Sex are perfidious and false ; You devour us , nay , you devour one another . The most savage Beasts in the Woods , unless compell'd by Hunger , seldom attack the Travellers , but when they are taken by you , and have been debauch'd with a Domestic Education , they prove erranter Brutes than any in the Forest ; to be short with you , your Perjury and Inconstance teach us to lay aside all pity , and treat you as you deserve : for in the first Ardors of your Love , you can lie all Night at our Thresholds on the bare Ground ; you can say the most submissive things in the World ; you can whine and cry , and make Goddesses of us ; you have Oaths perpetually at command , and with those Counters you deceive us ; but no sooner have we granted the last Favours to you , but you grow insolent and haughty ; you make us the Subject of your ill-manner'd Mirth , and you disdainfully reject her , whom the Hour before you adored like a Divinity . You are all Atheists as to Love , and pretend that Jupiter has other Business on his Hands , then to trouble himself with the Oaths of Lovers . Thus the Lady discarded the unfortunate Lyco ; and , as partial as I am to my Friend , I cannot but own there is a great deal of Truth in her Invective . Chrysis to Myrina . Out of the same , Epist. 15. Lib. 11. YOu and I , my dearest Myrina , have long languish'd under the Tyranny of Cupid , who is the most Fantastical of all the Deities . You are in Love with my Husband , and 't is my unhappy Destiny , ( But who can resist the God who commands all the rest ? ) to doat on your Page . What Expedient will Love , who uses to be no Block-head when he is put to his shifts , what Expedient , I say , will Love find out , to put an end to our present Sufferings ? You know I am a constant Woman at Prayers , and if a Woman ever prays for any thing in good earnest , you likewise know , 't is when she prays for a kind Gallant . Now to be plain with you , I put up a fervent Petition to Heaven this Morning , that it wou'd furnish a Remedy for both our Passions ; when immediately the following ing Thought came into my Head : I won't be positive , as our Priests generally are , that this Whimsie of mine is of Heaven's inspiring ; but it seems so easie , so pretty , and so feasible , that I am resolv'd with your help to see it put in Execution . The Stratagem in short is this : Do you pretend to be very angry with your Page , upon what Occasion you think most proper , whether for tearing your Fan , beating your Squirrel , or so forth , but be sure to turn him out of your House . The better to colour this Business , I will give you leave to strike him a Blow or two , but I article before-hand with you , that you shan't hurt him . Upon this I know he will immediately run to me , as being your greatest Acquaintance , and I will take care to dispatch my Husband on an Errand to you , under pretence of interceding for the Boy , that you wou'd be so kind as to take him into your Service again . By this Means both of us will have a fair Opportunity to satisfie our Longings , which , for my part , I will see punctually perform'd , unless your Page is a very ignorant Devil indeed ; and I suppose you will not be wanting to your self . But , my dear Myrina , remember to keep my Husband with you as long as you can , for that you know will be for our mutual Interest . I can tell you before-hand , that you will not be disappointed in my Spark ; I that have so often experienc'd how well he performes upon Duty , am satisfi'd he 'll out-do a Heroe , when Wickedness spurs him on . Farewel . Stesichorus to Eratosthenes . Out of the same , Epist. 9. Lib. 1. TO see now what cunning Gipsies these Women are ! T'other Day a certain Woman of my Acquaintance , walking in the Market-place with her Husband by her side , and a Train of Servants at her heels , saw a Gallant of hers at some distance off , with whom she used to be familiar . She had a mighty longing to whisper something in his Ear , and if possible to steal a Kiss from him before her Husband's Face ; so to bring the matter about , she pretends to fall upon her Knee , and her Gallant , who as it seem'd , understood her Design , charitably lent her his Hand to help her up : Then down she tumbles again , and our Gentleman was forced the second time to give her his Assistance . Oh! my poor Wife , cries the Cuckold , in a strange Consternation , I hope thou hast not hurt thy self . Troubled with such cruel Fits , cry'd she ; and then she made the third Stumble . The Gallant on one side , and the Husband on the other did what in 'em lay to set her on her Legs again , but as her Fits still increast , the Husband , with the help of the kind Gentleman , was obliged to carry her to the next Tavern : The Gallant chafed her Hand , and rubb'd her Face ; and all the while the Fellow thank'd him for the great Pains he took with his Wife : but finding her Indisposition still increase , he ran down Stairs like Lightning to fetch a Physician of his Acquaintance to her , not daring to trust his Servants with so important a Message . In the mean time our Lovers , were not wanting to administer mutual Consolation to each other : So by that time the Husband came back with his Doctor , his Wife was exceedingly refreshed . The Gallant was complimented a thousand times for his Civilities on this Occasion : Sir , says the Man , I heartily beg your Pardon for the Trouble my Wife has given you . Lord Sir , answer'd he , if it was to do ten times again , it would be no trouble . But indeed 't was too much , Sir. I'faith , cries the other , I don't think I can ever do too much for her . I swear but you have , says the Husband , I find she hath put you into a Sweat with helping her . In short , they drank a loving Glass together ; the Wife pretended she was twenty per Cent. better than when she set out in the Morning ; the Gallant was highly satisfy'd with what he had done , and the Husband was the merriest Man alive , to see his Wife so miraculously recover'd . The End of Aristaenetus's Epistles . Some Select LETTERS , OUT OF PLINY , Junior . Made English by T. Brown , Gent. I Am to inform the Reader , that in the following Letters , I have not confined my self to a literal Version . Where I found any place so perplexed that no certain Sence cou'd be made of it , or where it cou'd not be understood without a Comment , ( which wou'd have looked ridiculous in such a Collection as this . ) I have fairly omitted it , and sometimes I have made bold to alter a Word or two to make my Author more palatable to the English Reader . As for the Choice I have made of the Letters , if they are not the best , I hope they will not displease . To his dear Friend Romanus . Lib. 3. AT your Request , I have sent you the Panegyric I lately deliver'd before our most incomparable * Prince , altho' I had sent it to you whether you had desired it or no. Now you have it before you , I must beg you to reflect upon the Difficulty , as well as the Nobleness of the Subject . Upon other Occasions , the Newness of the Argument generally draws our Attention , but here it was impossible for me to say any thing which all the World did not know before : for which Reason , the Reader having nothing else to employ him , will only mind the Elocution , in which 't is a hard matter for a Man to succeed well , when that , and only that , is esteem'd . I cou'd wish that the Order , Transitions , and Figures cou'd be consider'd at the same time : for in the barbarous Nations , you shall find several that are able to invent handsomely , and to express themselves magnificently enough ; whereas to dispose of things in their proper Order , and to vary the Figures with Art and Judgment , is only the Talent of the Learned . I am of Opinion indeed , that the sublime and pompous Stile is not alway to be used ; for as in a Picture , nothing sets off the Light so well as an artful Disposition of the Shades , so an Oration is no less recommended by the Simplicity than the Majesty of the Diction . But why should I trouble you with these things , who know them so much better than my self ? In the mean time I beg the favour of you , to mark what places you shall think want Correction ; for I shall be the easier inclin'd to believe that the rest of the Oration pleases you , when I find you dislike some Passages in it . Farewel . To his dear Geminius . Lib. 8. 'T Was the noblest thing you ever attempted in your Life , to relate the Dacian War in Verse : For , besides the newness of it , what Subject is more Copious and Fertile , what more Poetical , and , tho' we all know it to be true , what more seemingly Fabulous ? You will have a noble Occasion to employ all the Stores of your Invention : when you talk of Rivers commanded to take a new Course , or bridled by new Bridges , that before were hardly to be pass'd in Boats , when you talk of Armies encamp'd on the tops of Precipices , and mighty Kings who had grasped the whole Universe in his Imagination , not only despoil'd of his Kingdom but his Life : In short , when you come to describe two magnificent Triumphs , both of which were celebrated for the Reduction of a Nation held Invincible before : The only and greatest Difficulty will be , to express all this in a Strain equal to the Dignity of the Subject ; which even you , my Friend , will find to be no easie Task , altho' you have a towring , elevated Genius , capable of the highest undertakings . Some little Trouble too you 'll find it , to soften the Names of these barbarous People , and particularly of their Towns , so as they shall not shock our Ears , when they come into Verse ; but there is nothing so harsh and dissonant but what may be made harmonious , or at least tolerable with a little Care and Alteration . Besides , if it was lawful for Homer to contract , to extend , and turn Words , even of Grecian Extraction , for the better Cadence of his Verse , why shou'd not the same Privilege be allow'd you , especially since it is not affected but necessary ? Therefore , when after the Custom of the Poets , you have invoked the Help of the Muses , and especially of your Heroe , their greatest Patron , whose noble Atchievements and Actions you are going to Sing , weigh Anchor , put up all your Sails , and if ever you did it upon any Occasion , so now more particularly hoist your Flag , display your Colours , and bear down with all the Force of Wit. These Metaphors perhaps may seem too daring for Prose ; but why may I not be indulg'd to speak in the Poetical Language to a Poet ? But this I bargain with you before-hand , that you shall send me your Poem in pieces just as you finish it : Nay , even before you have finish'd it , by which means it will come the more fresh , like Fruit newly gather'd from the Tree . You will tell me 't is impossible that small Pieces shou'd please so well as an entire Work , or that a Sketch should be so well liked as a finish'd Picture : I confess it , and therefore I will consider it as such , and you shall bestow the last hand upon it at your leisure in my Library . To your other Favours give me , I beseech you , this farther Mark of your Friendship , as to communicate to me what you wou'd let no body else see : For tho' I may the more commend and value your Writings as I see them come out more slowly and more correct , yet I shall both Love and Honour your self infinitely the more , as you send me these things with most dispatch , in their Undress . To his Wife Calphurnia . Lib. 8. YOu send me word , that my Absence does not a little afflict you , and that you have no other Antidote against your Melancholy but my Letters : 'T is no small Satisfaction to me , that I am always in your Thoughts , and that such Trifles can contribute to your Diversion . For my part , to let you see my Case is parallel with yours , I am perpetually reading yours , and the oftner I read them , the more new they seem to me , and I still discover some fresh Beauties in 'em , which I did not observe before . Tho' this in some measure alleviates my Pain , yet it sets me a longing the more for your Company ; for if your Letters are so sweet and entertaining , what Pleasures may I not expect from your Conversation ? Therefore let me conjure you to lose no Opportunities of Writing to me , tho' , as I hinted before , at the same time this Commerce delights me , it gives me some Uneasiness . To the Same . Lib. 7. 'T Is impossible for me to tell you how much I regret the want of your good Company , and I have several good Reasons for it : In the first place , there is Love in the case . Then 't is to be consider'd that you and I never lived asunder , which is the reason why I pass the greatest part of the Night in thinking on you . From the same Cause it proceeds , that even in the Day-time , at those Hours when I used to visit you in your Chamber , my Feet of their own accord carry me to you , and then when I miss you there , I come back no less melancholy and sorrowful , than if you had turn'd me out of your Room . The only time that I am free from these Inquietudes , is when I am pleading in the Hall , and drudging for my Friends . Judge then , what a mortified Life I lead , when I am forced to find Relaxation in Labour , and Comfort in Care and Misery . To his dear Friend Ferox . Lib. 7. YOur last Letter is a convincing Argument that you Study , and that you don't . You 'll tell me I talk Riddles to you , and so I do , till I explain to you more distinctly what my Meaning is . In short , the Letter you sent me , shows you did not study for it , so easie and negligent it appears to be ; and yet at the same time 't is so polite , that 't is impossible that any one should write it , who did not weigh every word ; or else you are certainly the happiest Man in the World , if you can write Letters so Entertaining , without Care and Premeditation . To Cornelius Tacitus . Lib. 8. I Return you your Book which I read over very carefully , having marked all along in the Margin what places I thought fit to be alter'd , and what struck out ; For I am no less inclin'd to tell the Truth , than you are to hear it . 'T is a plain Case I believe , that no Man suffers himself to be so patiently found fault with , as he that deserves the highest Commendation . And now I expect my own Book from you with your Corrections and Amendments . These reciprocal Offices of Friendship that pass between us give me no little Satisfaction ; for if our Posterity will have any Concern for us , I am pleased to think that they will tell , with what Amity , Concord , and Integrity , you and I have lived together . It will be a remarkable , and perhaps the only Instance in History , that two Men almost of the same Age and Quality , and of some Reputation for Learning , ( I am oblig'd to speak the more sparingly of you , because at the same time I speak of my self ) should promote one another's Studies so unanimously . When I was but young , and you had justly acquir'd a high Character in the World , even then it was my greatest Ambition to imitate and follow you , tho' at never so great a Distance . We had then at Rome several Persons of Wit and Learning , that were deservedly admired ; yet so great a Similitude was there between our Tempers and Dispositions , that even then I endeavoured to Copy after you . For this Reason 't is no small Satisfaction to me , that whenever there is any Discourse about Learning and Learned Men , you and I are still quoted together ; that when your Name is mention'd , the Company immediately mentions mine ; and that when they prefer a third Man to one of us , they mean it of both . But 't is no matter to me , whether you or I are mention'd first , for if I am first , it is only because I am the next to you . I don't question too , but you have observ'd , that in the last Wills of the Deceas'd , unless there was some particular Difference in the Case , you and I have Legacies of the same Value generally bequeathed us . The Conclusion I draw from all this is , That we have the greatest Obligations that can be , to entertain the strictest Amity ; since even our Studies , our Manners , our Reputations ; in short , the united Testimony of the World are so many Arguments why the mutual Friendship between us shou'd still increase . Farewel . To Cornelius Tacitus . Lib. 6. YOu desire me to send you an Account of my Uncle's Death , that you may be the better able to relate it in your History . I am obliged to you for this Favour , for I foresee my Uncle's Name will be immortal , if it has the Honour to be preserv'd by your Pen : Tho' it was his Fate to die , like great Cities memorable for their Calamities , in the Universal Desolation of the finest Part of Italy ; Nay , tho' he himself has written several learned Volumes , which will propagate his Memory to future Ages , yet that Eternity which seems to be intailed on every thing you write , will not a little contribute to perpetuate his Name : For my part I reckon those Men happy , who by a particular Indulgence of Heaven are capable of doing things fit to be transmitted to Posterity , or of writing Works , that deserve to be read ; but I reckon those the happiest of all , who posses both these Advantages : Amongst the Number of these Latter I reckon my Uncle , by means of yours , as well as his own Writings , upon which account I am proud to comply with your Desires . My Uncle was then at Misenus , with the Fleet under his Command in the Harbour , on the 24th Day of August , about one of the Clock in the Afternoon ; when my Mother came to tell him , that she beheld afar off a Cloud of an unusual Magnitude and Form. He was then hard at Study , but calling for his Slippers , he got up to the highest part of the House , from whence he might most advantagiously behold this Prodigy . At so great a Distance we cou'd not positively tell from whence this Cloud arose , tho' afterwards we knew it came from Mount Vesuvius : Nothing resembl'd the Shape on 't more than a Pine-tree does , for from a long taper Trunk , it spead itself to a very large Head , the Reason of which I suppose might be , that when the Wind that carried it up , began to fail , it s own weight made it run out into a great breadth . Sometimes it look'd of a whitish , and sometimes of a black gloomy Colour , according as it carried up with it Earth , or Ashes . My Uncle thinking it impossible to make a just Observation of this Phaenomenon without coming nearer , commanded a Gally to be got ready , and made an offer to take me along with him , if I thought convenient . I excused myself to him , and answer'd , that I wou'd pass that Afternoon at my Study ; and as it happen'd he had given me something to transcribe . As he was going out of the House with his Pocket-book in his Hand , the Seamen affrighted at the present Danger ( for the Village lay under the Mountain , and there was no means of escaping but by Sea ) begged of him not to expose himself to so eminent a Danger . This did not diswade him from his Resolution ; and what he began out of a Spirit of Curiosity he perform'd with the greatest Intrepidity . So he ordered the Gally to put out to Sea , and went himself aboard it , with a Design to assist not only those of Retina , but the Neighbouring Towns , for the Country thereabouts is mighty populous : he steer'd his Course towards those places , from whence the affrighted Inhabitants ran away in great Multitudes ; nay , he sail'd into the very Mouth of 'em , and was so free from Fear , that he took particular notice of every Circumstance almost , relating to this Eruption . By this time the Ashes fell on the Deck , falling the hotter , and in greater Quantities , as they approach'd nearer to the Shore , with a shower of Pumice-stones . Then he consider'd a little with himself whether he had best tack about , and Sail homewards ( which the Pilate advised him to do ) or make for Pomponianum . In this place , tho' the danger seem'd to be at some Distance from them , yet soon after came upon 'em , he order'd all his Luggage to be carried on Ship-board , being resolv'd to make his Escape , tho' the Wind sat in a contrary Corner . But as it then blew directly for 'em , my Uncle perswaded them to be of good Courage . After this he Bathed and was very cheerful at Supper , or ( what in these Dangers is full as great ) he seemed at least to be so . All this while the Flames bro ke out in several places of the Mountain Vesuvius , which appear'd so much brighter in so dark a Night : In this strange Consternation the Country People left their Habitations , which in their Absence were devour'd by the Flames , and this my Uncle urged as an Argument , why it was not adviseable to quit the place where they were . After this he composed himself to rest : and slept very soundly , as those which were in the next Room said . But the Court-yard , thro' which there was a Passage to the Dining-room , was by this time so cover'd with Ashes and Pumice-stones , that there was no getting out of it for him , if he staid never so little longer ; so being awaked out of his sleep , he , together with the rest that sate up , made the best of their way to Pomponianum : It was debated among 'em , whether they shou'd stay within doors , or venture abroad in the open Air , for the Earthquake was so violent , and the Houses reel'd and stagger'd so , that one wou'd have thought they had been torn up from their very Foundations . Now they were in the Fields , they had reason to fear the falling of Pumice-stones , tho' they were light and porous , which however of two Dangers were the least : with my Uncle , Reason overcame Reason , with the rest , one Fear overcame another , and they carried Pillows on their Heads to break the fall of any thing that might fall on ' em . In other places it was Day , but here it was as dark as possible Nightitself cou'd be , tho' it was somewhat lessened by the Flambeaux and other Lights . Then it was resolved to go the Sea-shore , and see how the Sea stood affected , which still continued very Tempestuous . Here my Uncle , lying along upon a parcel of Cloaths , called once or twice for cold Water , and drank it off . After this the Flames , and a smell of Brimstone , which used to precede the Flames made the place too hot for 'em , so they waked my Uncle , who being supported by two Servants , got up ; but in an Instant fell down again , being I suppose suffocated by the sulphureous Vapours : Three Days after this , his Body was found whole and intire , without the least hurt or mark upon it , and in the same Cloaths he last put on ; in a Posture too , that made him rather look like one that was asleep then dead . While this happen'd , my Mother and I were at Misenus ; but this is nothing to the History , and you desired to be inform'd no farther , then relates to the Death of my Uncle . I will therefore conclude , but before I do that , give me leave to add , That I have given you a true and faithful Account of all the Particulars relating to this Accident , that have come to my Knowledge . I leave it to you to pick out what you think most proper for your Purpose ; for it is one thing to write a Letter , and another to write a History ; one thing to write to a Friend , and another to address himself to all the World. Farewel . To Sura . Lib. 7. YOu and I are both at Leisure , you to teach , and I to be inform'd ; I have for a long while earnestly desired to know , whether there are any such Things in Reality , as Spectres , or whether they are only the Results of a fearful Imagination : For my part , I am inclined to believe the former , by what happened , as I have been told the Story , to Curtius Rufus : He was walking up and down a Portico towards the Evening , when the Shape of a Woman appear'd to him , but much more bigger than the Life , and much more beautiful : This unexpected Sight strangely surprized him , when the Phantome told him she was Afric , and came to tell him his Fortune ; adding that he was going to Rome , where he should arrive to the greatest Honours ; that he should return back to this Province in Quality of Governour , and there die . Every thing exactly happened as the Spectre foretold . The Story goes , that as he was sailing for Carthage , and coming out of the Ship , the very same Figure met him upon the Shore , upon which he fell Sick , and remembring what it had formerly told him , gave over all hopes of Recovery , before the Phisicians thought his Case dangerous . But what I am now going to tell you , as it is by much stranger , so it is more terrible than the other . There was a large and stately House at Athens , but untenanted for the ill Name it lay under ; for in the depth of Night you might hear a Noise like that of the dragling of Chains , which at first seemed to be further off , but by degrees came nearer and nearer to you : At last the Ghost appear'd , in the Shape of an old Man , Lean and Meager , with a long Beard , and the Hair of his Head matted ; It had Fetters about its Legs and Manacles on its Hands , which it shaked and rattled . These strange Noises disturbed the Neighbourhood so , that few or none could sleep for them ; some fell sick with watching so long , and their Fears increasing , died soon after ; for tho' the Spectre was not visible in the Day , yet their Memory still represented it to their Eyes , and one Fear begot another : For this Reason no one would dwell in the House , but it stood empty , and was left wholly to the Ghost , to play his Midnight-frolicks in ; however , there was a Bill put over the Door , to signifie that the House was to be Let or Sold , if by chance they cou'd meet with a Chapman , who knew nothing that it was haunted . It happened that one Athenodorus , a Philosopher , coming to Athens , read the Bill , enquired after the Price , and suspecting there was something extraordinary in the Matter , because it was to be had so cheap , he informs himself of the Neighbours , who fairly acquainted him with the whole Business : He was so far from being discouraged by it , that it made him the more eager to strike a Bargain . When it began to grow dark , he order'd a Bed to be made for him in a Room that faced the Street ; he call'd for Paper , Ink , and Candle , and ordered all his Servants to withdraw ; he employ'd his Mind , his Eyes , his Hands in Writing , least his Imagination , having nothing to take it up , might be at leisure to create Visions and Spectres : All the former part of the Night the Scene continued quiet enough , at last he heard the rattling of Iron , and shaking of Chains . Our Philosopher did not so much as lift up his Eyes to see what was the Matter , nor left off Writing , but endeavoured all he could to neglect it ; the Noise still increasing , and moving nearer , so that sometimes it seem'd to be within , and sometimes without the Room , at last Athenodorus look'd behind him and saw it , just as the Neighbours had deseried it to him . It stood still , and beckon'd with its Finger , like a Man that calls to another . He on the other side makes a sign with his Hand , that it should tarry a little for him , and falls to his Writing again . All this while the Spectre rattled his Chains over his Head as he writ , and he looking behind him , found that it beckoned to him as before , so he took up his Candle in his Hand , and followed it : The Ghost walked leasurely along as if its Chains did hinder it , after that it turn'd into the Court-yard , and immediately vanish'd under Ground . Our Philosopher took some Leaves and Herbs that he might know the Place again , the next Day he goes to the Magistrates of the Town and advised 'em to dig in the place where this happen'd : which they accordingly did , and found a parcel of Bones wrapt about with Iron-Chains formerly belonging to a Body , which Time , and the Earth together had putrified . These reliques were publickly Buried , after which the House was haunted no more . I am inclin'd to believe this Story , having had it so confidently affirm'd to me . — I earnestly intreat you to bestow a little Consideration to inform me better upon this Point . 'T is a Subject worthy of your deepest Enquiry , tho' I confess I am not worthy to have you to communicate your Learn'd Thoughts to me . Although you can plead on both sides , and manage an Argument either pro or con , as the Custom of the Gentlemen at the Bar is , yet I beg you not to employ that Talent here , but fairly to determine the Point , because I wou'd not be dismiss'd uncertain or left in suspence , since this is the Reason of my giving you this Trouble . Farewel . The End of Pliny's Select Epistles . LETTERS OUT OF Mons. le Chevalier d' Her. *** Made English by the same Hand . To Mademoiselle de J — Vpon sending to her a Boar in a Pasty , who had like to have wounded him at the Chase. Madam , I Have ran the greatest Risk in the World , but at last my Enemy is defeated , and now I send him to you bound to his good Behaviour in Pye-crust . I have ordered him to be well Spiced and season'd with Salt , to preserve the Memory of my Triumph . If I were acquainted with the Secret of the antient Aegyptians , I wou'd have embalm'd him , and made a Mummy of his Body : By that means he would have lasted numberless Ages , but it unluckily falls out with us Moderns , that we have no other Secret but this of Paste . Imagine that this Animal you see before you , had no great mind that I should kill him : As soon as he saw me , away he scamper'd as if the Devil had been behind him , but on a sudden turn'd back upon me with a felonious Intent to Murder me . Upon which I deliberated with my self what I had best to do . I cou'd not tell but you might have set him against me , for whenever I see any thing that is dismal or terrible , I immediately conclude that it comes from you . But after I had well examin'd the Boar's Countenance , I cou'd not find that he had so jolly an Air , as even your Rigours and Cruelties use to be attended with . There was another Difficulty still behind , and that was to know , whether I had not best die to put an end to those cruel Torments you make me suffer ; but there was too much Self-interest I thought to take that course , and I humbly conceiv'd it was for your Ladiship 's Honour , that a Lover so faithful as I , shou'd live , altho' he did not find his Account in it . Thus the Zeal that I had for your Glory cost the poor Boar his Life , who little imagin'd he had to deal with an Adversary that was animated by so powerful a Motive . In short , I shot my Gentleman dead upon the Spot ; and his Brother Boars I presume will have more Guts in their Brains for the future , then to pick a Quarrel with such as preserve their Lives on purpose for you . I shou'd be the happiest Man in the Universe , Madam , if you wou'd feed heartily upon him out of Revenge , for having been so impudent to put me in peril of my Life ; and if that Consideration make him go down the better with you , I am , Your most Obedient , &c. To Monsieur C — Vpon the Cartesian Philosophy . ANd is it true Sir , that you have lost your Understanding ? I hear you are turn'd Philosopher of late , and what is more , that you belong to that Sect of Philosophy , which is the oddest in the World. It seems you don't think there are such things as Colours : You maintain that Beasts are Machines , and move by Clock-work : In fine , you turn things topsie turvy after so strange a rate , that a Man can't tell what to trust to . I spoke of it the other day to Madam B — who is very much your Friend , and is heartily afflicted , at the loss of your Reason : I dare swear she wou'd strangle Des Cartes in one of her Garters if she had him in the Room ; for in short , his Philosophy is not to be endured in a Christian Country ; it robs the Ladies of their Beauty , and makes 'em all as ugly as Witches . If there is no such thing as Colours , there 's consequently no such thing as a fine Complexion ; and what will become then of the Lillies and Roses in the Cheeks of our great Beauties ? You 'll come off but scurvily , let me tell you , if you think to appease 'em , by saying that Colours are in the Eyes of those that look upon 'em , and not in the Objects themselves . The Ladies won't depend upon the Eyes of other Men for their Complexions , but are resolv'd to hold it of themselves and not at the Courtesie of every Spectator . If there are no Colours in the Night , our Friend Mr. N — is finely brought to bed , who fell in Love with Madam L — merely upon the score of her fine Face , and married her . It wou'd be a great Mortification to him , after having believed that he has the finest red and white in the Universe between his Armes , to find there is no such thing as red and white in Nature . But if the Complexion is a cheat upon our Sences , what will you say to those Ladies that practise the Mystery of Painting , and lay on the Carnation and the White as thick as Plaister ? 'T is certain nothing can be more real , and so these Ladies will enjoy a Priviledge above the rest of their Sex , I mean that of having a true Complexion ; however , all the World are of another Opinion , and will positively tell you that theirs is not true . I desire you to answer this Argument at your leisure ; but this is not all , for Madam De B — and my self have found out another Objection against your Philosophy , which you 'll find it no easie matter to answer . You pretend that Beasts are no less Machines than Watches ; now I dare ingage , that if you put a certain Machine call'd a Dog , and another Machine call'd a Bitch together in the same Room , there will result a third little Machine from their corresponding together ; whereas you may put two Watches together as long as you live , nay , till Dooms-day if you please , and they will never produce a third Watch between ' em . Now Madam B — and I find by our Philosophy , that all those things , that being two , have yet the vertue to make three , are of a Class much superiour to that of Machines . We give you time to consider of an Answer to these Objections , for we know very well that you must consult your Books , before you 'll be able to do it . Madam B — sends you word by me , that she will not receive a Visit from you , before you have made some Reparation to her Complexion : As for me , I assure you , I am a Piece of Clock-work newly wound up , to go in your Service , am Your most Obedient Servant . To Madam D — V — Vpon sending her a Black and a Monkey . Madam , AFric has exhausted herself for you , she sends you too of the oddest Creatures she produces , and nothing wou'd be wanting to make my Present compleat , if I cou'd send you a Crocodile to keep 'em Company . Both of 'em are in Perfection , the Black is the saddest Dog of all Blacks , and the Monkey is the most malicious Devil of all Monkies . I can assure you , that one of these Beasts , has a mighty Respect for the other , and is a profest Admirer of his Ingenuity and great Parts . You 'll soon discover that this Admirer is the Black. Besides it is an Article of Faith among those of his Nation , that the Monkies have as much Reason as themselves , but that they conceal it as much as they can , by not talking , for fear Men shou'd clap Pack-saddles upon their Backs , and make them Work for their Living . This Black , Madam , has a particular Esteem for the Monkey , as having lived under the same Roof many Years with him , and has not a jot of Understanding more than he has learnt in his long acquaintance with him . But I have one Advice to give you , Madam , and that is to look him frequently in the Face : Our Blacks in France turn tawny , and become of an Olive Complexion , which is enough to scare Lueifer out of his Senses . The Physical Reason of this is , because the Sun is not strong enough in our Clymate to keep up that charming Black which it gives 'em in Afric ; but , Madam , your Eyes , that are so lively and piercing , will supply the Defect of the Sun ; and will not let him lose an Ace of his primitive Complexion . I am extremely glad that you will always have a Slave in your presence to represent me ; he is not more yours than I am ; if he gives you any Occasion to have him well Cudgel'd sometimes , to put him in mind of his Duty , he something resembles me , for the Devil of Rebellion often tempts me to revolt against you . As for the Monkey pray don't be surprised , Madam , if you hear Sighs come from him , that are strong enough to turn about a Wind-mill , if you see him pass whole Nights without sleeping a Wink , if you find him as Melancholy as a Horse in a Pound , when he is not in your Company ; in fine , if he eats little and can't divert himself in any thing , for I must tell you , Madam , that like a trusty Servant he has learnt all this of his old Master , who is , Your most Obedient , &c. To the same . On the Death of her Monkey . I Am told your Monkey is gone the way of all Flesh , at which I am exceedingly griev'd , for I am like to be a great Loser by his Decease , since I have no body now to put you in mind of me but the Black. The unhappy Creature I suppose broke his Heart because he was not able to imitate me before you , as well as he desir'd : indeed there was nothing which he cou'd not handsomly counterfeit with infinitely more ease than my Passion ; but may his Destiny light upon all the Rivals you make me who shall have the Insolence to be the Apes of my Affection ; perhaps too the poor thing drew your Displeasure upon himself , for endeavouring to imitate my Passion , and so unluckily dy'd of Despair . If it is so , I have nothing left me to do , but to imitate him in my turn , and to die after him . I am inform'd you have shed some Tears for him ; it is something of the latest to repent for the ill Usage you have given him , but regulate your Conduct I beseech you by him , and don 't oblige me to die , if you must needs regret me after Death . It is very probable that if you so heartily lament the Party that imitated me , you 'll grieve ten times more for your humble Servant . I am an Original of Tenderness , and if you lose me , you are not like to find my Fellow in haste , but must ev'n content your self with very scurvy Copies . But , Madam , let me conjure you , not to use the Black the worse because he is my Representative ; it wou'd be very hard upon him indeed , if for that Reason he must meet with the Destiny of the Monkey . Can you suffer nothing to be near you , that has the Misfortune to bear some Resemblance of my Fidelity and Devotion for you , but you must kill it by your Cruelty ? The Tears I shed for the Death of the Monkey are better founded than yours , since his Adventure teaches me what I am to expect . Farewel , Madam , but remember if you please , that you cannot restore the late Defunct to Life again , but that you have still the Power to preserve Your humble Servant , &c. To Mademoiselle de C — Vpon sending her an Extract of the Church-Register . Madam , I Can without Vanity boast , that I make you to Day a very considerable Present : In short , I give you two whole Years ; you thought you were twenty two Years old , and I bring it you attested in a Paper under Hand and Seal , that you are but twenty ; now I reckon that I give you these Years which I take away from you , and indeed in those matters we never reckon otherwise . The two Years you thought had past over your Head , are still to come , and I do my self the Honour to make you a Present of ' em . I am ready to die for fear , Madam , that you will not value them as they deserve ; But good Heavens ! the Man that were able to make such a Present , to certain Ladies that shall be nameless , what Favours might he not expect from their Hand ? Where is the White and the Red , and where are the fine Dresses and Compliments that can be put into the Ballance with two compleat Years ? It is but reasonable , Madam , I think , that you shou'd employ 'em wholly upon me , since you are indebted to me for ' em . When they are gone and past ; you may do what you please , I shall then pretend to have no manner of Right over you , but with Submission , Madam , from the present Moment till you are compleatly twenty two , you wholly belong to me . After that , I leave you just as I found you , at Liberty to break off , or continue the Commerce , according as you see convenient ; but if I find you not at all inclined to do me Justice , know , Madam , that I will suffer no one to Love you , upon the Foot of twenty Years Where-ever I go I will tell the Company , that in truth you had not been so old by two Years if you had not been so minded , but that you refused to accept 'em from me , and that since you don't Love me , 't is but requisite you reckon your self to be twenty two Years old . You little imagine perhaps to what strange Hazards you expose your self , by making me Master of the Secret of your Age : for 't is a Secret , Madam , which those of your Sex keep inviolably to themselves , and perhaps the only one a Woman can keep . Several Ladies have trusted me with the Affairs of their Families ; nay , even with their Love ; but I cou'd never yet meet with one so open-hearted to trust me with her Age. There are a thousand Women that will run up to the Mouth of a Cannon , that will hang or drown with as much cheerfulness as if they went to a Gossiping , that will make you nothing to jump down four Stories : but , I never found a Woman , that had Courage and Resolution enough to tell her Age. The truth on 't is , the older they are , the more sensible they become of what Importance it is , that they had not lived so many Years . As for you , Madam , who have not plaid your Cards so cautiously as you should have done , you don't know how you will tremble one Day left I should tell any Tales of you . Your Destiny will depend upon me , and there is nothing which I cannot force you to comply with , if instead of a Ponyard I send you the Extract of the Church-register . I dare ingage that you laugh at my Menaces at present , and that you think the time is so far off , that you don't believe I shall ever live to see it . I am afraid indeed you 'll prove a Prophetess , for unless you are less rigorous , you 'll soon dispatch Your most Obedient , &c. The End of Monsieur Fontanelle's Letters , under the borrowed Name of the Chevalier d' Her. Original Letters . Lately Written by Mr. Brown. To his honoured Friend , Dr. Baynard at the Bath . July 6. 99. Dear Doctor , WHile here in Town we are almost Roasted by the hot Weather , and the Sun plays so warmly on us , that some People who were of no Religion before , talk of turning Adamites in their own Defence ; I cannot but laugh to think what a blessed Pickle you are in at the Bath , where such Crowds of you Stew in so little a Pipkin ; where you broil upon the Earth , parboil in the Water , and you breathe the Composition of Gunpowder ; or , were there nothing extraordinary in your Soyl , your Climate , or the Season of 〈…〉 ne-Year , where you have pretty Ladies en 〈…〉 sons to set you all on Fire , though you were 〈…〉 ples or three Degrees more to the North than Lapland , and I were Writing to you now in the midst of January . This is the first Summer since the Revolution , that the Sun has been pleased to dispence any Favours to us , for hitherto we have had as little Reason to complain of his Benignity to us , as the Politiques of our States-men . Our Fruits have ripen'd without the Influence of the one , as our Affairs have made a shift to rub on without any great Conjuring on the part of the other . The Sun that ripens the Grape , will likewise ripen Feavors , and other such generous Distempers , to the great Joy of the Poets and Physicians ; and Phoebus , their common Father , will incourage his own Tribe , by raising up a new Stock of Wines and Diseases . Indeed , where you are , it is almost impossible for the Gentlemen of the Faculty to want Business , for if our last Advices from the Bath , don't deceive us , you have almost as many Doctors upon the Spot as you have Patients , that watch the coming in of every Coach , as nicely as a young Boy at the University do the Return of the Carrier , and ply at all Corners of the Streets , 〈…〉 egularly as the Watermen do at the 〈…〉 ple Stairs : But it has long ago been 〈…〉 ed of you , as of the Lawyers , that they will find or make Work where-ever they come ; and accordingly I knew a little Town in Essex , where the Inhabitants , time out of mind , had lived in as uninterrupted Tranquility , as the happy Indians did in America , before the Spaniards came to beat up their Quarters ; but upon an Attorney's coming to reside amongst 'em , the Face of Affairs was immediately alter'd , Tenants conspir'd against their Landlords , Hostlers revolted from their Masters , and the Apprentices took up Arms against their lawful Tyrants : Not a Tithe-egg could be had without an Action , nor a Pig under a Suit in Chancery , a Spirit of Division had crept into every Family , Maids betray'd their Mistresses , Girls rebell'd against their Grandmothers , and Sweethearts deserted their confiding Damsels ; in short , every Man stood as much upon his own Guard , as if he had been in an Enemy's Country ; these were the blessed Effects of the Lawyer 's living amongst ' em . Now Doctor , it were a very hard Case , if having so much Credit at the Bath , you cou'd not do as much for your self , as the above mention'd Attorney did to promote his own Business ; if you cou'd not Philosophically Reason People into Distempers they were never troubled with , like the Fanatick Parsons that Fly-blow their Hearers with Scruples they knew nothing of before . If you cou'd not cure'em of Ails they never felt , and leave behind you Maladies , you never found upon ' em . But I am inform'd that the Tub-Preachers are very much dissatisfied that you invade their Territories , and encroach upon their Prerogative of Hell. Your hot and cold Baths ( they say ) put their Brimstone and Ice out of Countenance ; and 't is reported , that by the skilful Management of your Torments , by scalding your Patients at the Bath in July , and freezing them at Islington in December , you 've broke half the Retailors of the Terrours of Pluto's Kingdom . But to come now to the News of the Town , we have had an Apparition lately here , stranger than any in Glanvill or Aubry ; for it has appeared in the Streets at noon Day , and thousands of People are ready to depose that they have seen it . By this strange Apparition , I mean the White Parson , so call'd for his wearing a White Hat-band , Scarf , and Sursingle , by which he distinguishes himself from the rest of his Brethren . I cou'd wish you had been here in Holbourn t'other Morning , to have seen his Cavalcade : He rode up the Hill as great as a Prince , and like other Princes signalized his Entry with printed Declarations , with a great Rabble of loud-mouth'd Hawkers , Male and Female , bellowing it on every side of him ; and 't is supposed by the Learned in Astrology , that he will keep this Declaration as Religiously as some other Princes beyond Sea have kept theirs : In short , he pretends to preach the Gospel Gratis , and indeed as he manages it , it is pity he shou'd have a Farthing for it : He calls the rest of his Cloth Hirelings , tho' unless the Fellow is bely'd , he wou'd accept of a Pot of Ale from a Chimney-sweeper , and has preach'd a hundred times upon a Joint-stool for a pickl'd Herring and a Poringer of burnt Brandy . The Rozinante , on which this Don Quixote rode , had a Laurel-garland about his Head , and I dare swear , deserv'd the Bays as well as his Master ; for the Wretch , as I am inform'd , is troubled with a Whore to his Wife , and his Muse is an arrant Jilt , the latter is the more common Prostitute of the two . But , dear Doctor , News are as scarce in Town , as Fees at the Bath and it falls out unluckily for you and me , that we must change Places , to find what we want ; for I hear you have a Mint at the Bath for Scandal , as we have here for Money ; so that 't is but shifting the Scene , and we may draw Bills upon one another , to answer our several Occasions , till when , I am . Melanissa to Alexis . GIve me leave , my dearest Alexis ! give me leave , who love you better than my Life ; and if I make bold to reproach you with your Failings , you will easily forgive this freedom , unless I am mightily mistaken in the Humour of my Alexis , when you find it wholly regard your own Interest and Welfare . It is not without a sensible Concern that I see you abandon your self so to the Bottle of late : A young Fellow , but especially one like Alexis , ought to devote himself to another Divinity ; old Age indeed may be allow'd to supply its defect of Warmth with Wine , but Youth as it needs it not , so Nature advises it to pursue a more agreeable Game . But can any thing in the World be so absurd as to surfeit our selves with Cordials when we have not the least Indisposition ? To convince you then that my Complaint is neither junust nor unreasonable , I , who know so little of the World , and have nothing but Nature to guide me ; I who am a Stranger to Language , and Style , and consequently must maim my Thoughts , for want of knowing how properly to express 'em , will endeavour to describe to you , a Night as it passes away in the Embraces of an agreeable Mistress , accompany'd with all the Transports and Tendernesses of Love , and the Night as it is commonly spent by what the Town call Men of Wit and Pleasantry , at the Rose or Blew-posts : The Play is now over , and the Sparks who while it was Acting , rallied the Vizard-Masques , laugh'd aloud at their own No-jests , censur'd the Dress and Beauty of all the Ladies in the Boxes ; and , in short , minded every thing , but the Representation that brought them thither , begin now to File off , and gravely debate how and where the Evening is to spent ; At last the Tavern is pitch'd upon , the Room taken , and our learned Criticks in Pleasures seat themselves round the Table . The Master of the House is the first Person they send to Advise with ; who , after a few Cringes and Scrapes , tells 'em , He has the best Champagne and Burgundy in Town , and is sure to ask an exorbitant Price for 't , tho' 't is a vile nasty Mixture of his own Brewing . After a long and foolish Dispute , the Rate is adjusted , Napkins are called for , the Muff , Sword and Periwigg nicely laid up , and now something-like Business comes forward . When these grand Preliminaries are settl'd , the next important Debate is , what they must eat ; so the Cook is sent for , who recommends to 'em something Nice and Dear ; this Difficulty with much a-do got over , the Glasses plentifully walk round , to blunt and weaken that Appetite which they pretend to excite by it . And now their Hearts begin to open , and their Tongues to communicate their most secret Thoughts . The topping Beauties of the Town are the first Subjects of their Conversation , and this is so ample a Field , that they soon lose their way in it ; one boasts of Favours receiv'd from a Lady , whom perhaps he never saw any where but at the Play-house ; another tosts a Countess , whom he pretends to admire in a particular manner , and gives broad Items of an Intrigue between her and a certain Gentleman that shall be nameless ; in short , 't is resolv'd by the Board , Nemine contre dicente , that there is not one honest Woman in the three Kingdoms , who has Beauty enough to gain her a Lover . When this Argument is pretty well exhausted , the next thing they talk of , is the Authors of the Town , and what Books and Plays have lately appear'd : Upon this Head , every Man in the Company affects to discover a peculiar Tast and Judgment , and thinks he shews his Witt by finding Faults , where there are none ; the Play , whatever it is , is taken to pieces , the Plot upon Examination , is found either to be stolen , or not to be well unravel'd , the Scenes are languishing , the Characters thread-bare , or not worth a Farthing ; infine , the Poet is sent to the Devil for want of Wit , as the pert Critick thinks he shews his , by condemning what he doth not understand . All this while the ungodly Brimmer walks incessantly round the Table , the Company soon dwindles into private Cabals , every Man talks busily to his Neighbour , Affairs of State are determin'd , this Minister is displac'd , and t'other Man put into his room ; The Proceedings in Parliament laid down before-hand , and 't is concluded what Regiments shall stand , and what be broken ; after this Punctilio's of Honour come to be discuss'd , the freshest Duels behind Mountague-house , and Chelsey-fields are learnedly run over ; such a Man is a Coward for suffering Captain — to tread upon his Toes in the Pit , and not calling him to Account for it ; Damn you , cries another , Jack — is as Gallant a Fellow as ever drew Sword , and whoever says any thing to the contrary , is a Son of a Whore and a Villain , and I 'll cut his Throat ; with that a Bottle is thrown at his Head , the Glasses goes to rack , the Table is overturn'd , nothing but Disorder and Confusion is in the Room , and all this Mirth and Jollity concludes in Murder . Or if the Scene doth not end altogether so Tragically , but they part Friends as they came in , ten to one but a merry Frolick is proposed : The Quarters of some ill-natu-red Coquet are to be beaten up , and her poor Windows must feel the sad Effects of their Heroick Valour ; but while they are carrying on this Attaque with unparalelled Vigour and Gallantry ; behold the Superintendant of the Night , with his trusty Guard of Mirmidons falls upon their main Body ; some of our Heroes lie sprawling in the Kennel , with their trusty and well-beloved Periwigs lying by 'em ; the embroider'd Coat is all over cover'd with Dirt and Blood , the well-adjusted Cravat torn to Raggs , the Sword either broke or carried off in the Tumult ; and thus , after a well-favour'd Drubbing , our Sparks make a shift to crawl home to their Lodgings , if the Nocturnal Magistrate and his Canibals , don't hurry 'em to New-prison or the Round-house , the usual Sanctuary for such Adventurers . But suppose nothing of this happens , and our merry Gentlemen get home safe from the Tavern , without any Disaster or Calamity by the way ; yet the next Morning calls 'em to a severe Account , for the Misdemenors and Intemperance of the proceeding Night : Their Head akes , their whole Frame is in disorder , they are incapable of relishing either Books or Conversation ; even Musick it self , with all its boasted Efficacy , is not able to allay their Pains , the most exquisite Dishes are nauseous to 'em , they starve amidst the greatest profusion of Luxury , and curse that Extravagance over Night that Starves them the next Day in the midst of Plenty . 'T is certain , that I have been favourable in this Description , 't is certain that I have not set down half the Disorders that accompany a Debauch while 'T is a making , nor half the ill Effects that happen after it . Let us now turn the Tables , to find whether Love can be reproach'd with any of these Inconveniencies that use to attend Drunkenness : Let us see how the Moments wear away in the Embraces of a delicious Mistress ; and then we shall soon discover on which side the Advantages lie , and be able to decide this Controversie . I know very well that I want Eloquence and Language , to describe the Raptures and Transports of Love as they deserve ; however , I am so well assur'd of the Goodness of my Cause , that altho' I am an unfit Advocate to defend it , yet I don't much despair of carrying my Point . The long expected Night at last arrives , when Damon is to be made happy in the Arms of his beloved Armida , with his Head full of a thousand delightful Idea's ; ( for Love is so good-natur'd , as to pay his Votaries part of their Pleasure before-hand ) he comes to the happy Mansion , where the chief Treasure of his Soul resides , he knocks gently at the Door ; the trusty Maid conducts him by the Hand in the dark , and leads him to his Mistress's Apartment . At the first Interview , he is all wrapt up in Silence and Astonishment , his Thoughts so croud upon him , that they hinder one another in the Passage ; after he is a little recover'd , he endeavours to speak ; but , alas ! his Eyes talk infinitely more than his Tongue . On her part , the Confusion is no less , and her Joys equally tumultuous ; thus finding themselves unable to Discourse , they tell their Passion in Sighs and Glances ; they confirm it by repeated Kisses , and at every Kiss their fluttering Souls meet at their Mouths . Damon squeezes that Hand , which almost dissolves in the touch ; he presses those glowing Breasts that wou'd warm the coldest Hermit ; but all this is nothing but the Prologue to the succeeding Drama . Love calls upon 'em for a more substantial Repast , though they are undrest in a Minute , yet this very Minute seems an Age ; and now they are a going to tast all that Felicity , which Love can bestow , or Humane Nature can bear . The Candle is put out to hide the Blushes of Armida ; she finds her eager Lover by her side , who cost her so many Tears and Sighs in private . The happy Lover is lost in a Labyrinth of Pleasure ; sometimes he abandons her Breast for her Mouth , and sometimes her Mouth for her Breast , and is only uneasie he cannot Kiss 'em both together . He Faints , he grows Giddy with the Excess of Joy : nothing but half-formed Words and Murmurs can come from him ; at last he approaches Love's Altar , at last he — But here my Pen fails me , I am forced to draw a Vail over those Raptures , which 't is not in the Power of mortal Eloquence to represent . Thus our happy Lovers , after they have repeated Oblations to Love , lay intranced in one anothers Arms , and act over in their busie Dreams , the delicious Scenes that so Transports 'em waking . The Morning approaches , the blushing Morning awakens the transported Pair . Amintas is beholding to its Light , for showing him the Nymph , in whose Embraces he so agreeably past the Night . She charmed him in the Dark , she ravishes him in the Light ; and the only Uneasiness that attends their Happiness , is Impatience to repeat the Bliss . Both the Lovers rise equally satisfied , with having done their Parts , with Gayety in their Looks , and Satisfaction in their Souls : Parting gives them some Pain , but that is sufficiently recompensed at their next Meeting . Thus I have endeavour'd , my Alexit , to show what a vast Difference there is between a Night murder'd in the Excess of Wine , and a Night consecrated to Love. Though no Truth is more evident than this ; yet our Youth , possess'd by what fatal Stupidity , I cannot tell ; generally Devote themselves to the wrong Divinity . Instead of following the Dictates of Nature , whom they ought to obey , they treat her like an Enemy , and profane those Altars , they ought to pay their Devotions at . I know well enough , that you Gentlemen , don't much care to be Advised by those frail Things call'd Women , and perhaps too you will tell me , that Interest has made me say all this . However , let me conjure you to consider a little upon what I have offer'd to you , and believe that no one loves you so dearly and tenderly as MELANISSA . To a litigious Country-Attorney . A Letter of Gallantry . Worthy Sir , THat I am no Stranger to your Character ( tho' , I bless my Stars for it , I am to your Person ) you 'll soon find , if you 'll give your self the trouble to read the following Lines : There is no great pleasure indeed in drawing Monsters ; however , since it may be of publick Advantage to have 'em described in their true proper Colours , that others may avoid , and detest 'em , I have ventur'd at the Task , that your self , as well as the World , may see by Reflection what you cannot help to be . To accommodate my self to the Dialect of your Profession , I will begin my Letter like a Bond , with a Noverint Vniversi : And may all Men accordingly know by these Presents , That Mr. M. C. is the veriest pettifogging Rascal that ever scandaliz'd a Green Bag , or came within the Walls of Westminster-hall . I have often wonder'd , that Providence shou'd be at the Trouble and Expence of Disordering the whole Fabrick of Nature , when it has decreed to punish us with Dearths and Famines , since it may go a more compendious Way to work , and effect all these Calamities by the Ministry of Lawyers . Give a true Lawyer but Pen , Ink , and Parchment , and I dare engage he will starve the Country ten Miles round him . The most odious Animals , and the most contemptible Insects , have some use or other , living or dead , or at least serve to diversifie the Universe : Toads , they say , suck up the Venome of the Earth ; Snakes are useful in Medicine ; but it wou'd puzle the wisest Naturalist to find out any thing good in a Lawyer , ( I mean such a Fellow as you are ) who abhor Honesty , and Plain-dealing , as much as a Miser does Charity , and build your own Welfare upon the Destruction of those poor Wretches who fly to you for Justice . We see puny Rascals , of a lower Class , truss'd up every Sessions , for petty Roguries to thine ; for easing the Hedges of some lousie Linnen , for nimming of Cloaks , stealing of supernumerary Spoons , &c. when such a Villain , as you reduce whole Families to Poverty , and set a County together by the Ears , and are so far from being call'd to an Account for it , that you get an Estate out of the Publick by Rapine and Extortion , Nose the Parson of the Parish , and Insult over all the Neighbours ; and , tho' you have Tricks and Evasions enough to escape Justice here , yet you pay Cent. per Cent. Interest for your Rogury in another World ; the Devil never keeps a Holiday in good earnest , but when an Attorney of your Stamp makes a perpendicular Leap into his Dominions ; and he will no more part with him , when he has got him into his Clutches , than one of his own Lawyers will refund a Fee ; Possession being eleven Points of the Law in Hell as well as in Westminster-hall . Thus , Sir , you see I have made a little familiar with you and your Function , and perhaps am bolder than welcome : But , Sir , I have a Favour to request at your Hands , and I tell you before-hand , that you must not deny me . What I have to propose to you is not unreasonable or difficult ; for I don't desire you to make Restitution of what you have unjustly plunder'd from so many Families , nor to build Hospitals , ( unless it be one for your Father , who Grazes upon the Common : ) No , Sir , you shall find me the fairest , the easiest Man you ever dealt with : I am informed your House stands by the side of a famous River , which looks as if Providence design'd you for the End I advise you to : So , Sir , if you please , one of these fine Mornings to take a Leap into it from your Garret , it will be the best-natur'd thing you ever did to the World in your Life ; you need not cram your Pockets with Stones or Lead , to make you sink , for your own Sins are pondrous enough to do your business without 'em , if the Proverb don't secure you . But , Sir , if this will not do , as perhaps it mayn't , ( for , as I told you before , you shall find me the most reasonable Man in the Universe ) why then , Sir , I wou'd advise you to hang your self in your Closet , in your Wife's Garters , or rip up your Guts with a Case-knife , or cut your Jugulars with a Razor , or take a good large Dose of Opium ; or lastly , knock your Brains out against a Brick-wall : but then , Sir , take my Word for 't , you must knock hard ; for , your Neighbours tells me , you have a confounded thick Scull . In short , Sir , I shan't insist nicely upon the How , the Where , the When , provided the thing be done in a reasonable Time : and I promise you under my Hand , that the Bells shall ring merrily , as soon as it is accomplish'd ; and to encourage you to proceed in this Affair , I can assure you you 'll Oblige no less than a whole County by it , and particularly your unknown Servant . To Mr. Moult . London , July 25 , 99. Dear Sir , ACcording to Promise I had written to you last Saturday , but that I was obliged to Accompany some Gentlemen that Morning to Richmond , in Expectation of hearing fine Musick , which never in the Play-house had pass'd the Censure of a Pit-Fop ; and drinking true Languedoc , never yet debauch'd in a Vintner's Celler . But it happen'd quite otherwise with us : For the Wine was such sophisticated Stuff , that I told the Company , it set Drunkenness on the same Level with Swearing ; I mean by disarming it of all Excuses : And as for the Musick , it was so abominable , that half a dozen Welsh-harpers met upon St. David's Day , to make merry over a Mess of Leek-porridge , could not have tormented the Ears of a Purcel with more discording Thrumthrum . I dare almost ingage , had the same Fellows play'd upon the same Instruments before the Town of Jerico , the Walls would have paid the same Compliment to their Harmony , as they did to that of the Levites , for nothing could have patience to stand still and listen to their Performances . So , after this double Disappointment , we were forc'd , very late in the Evening , or very early in the Morning , ( I wont be positive which ) to go back to our Boat , and return for London , reflecting all the way as severely on our mispent-time , as a Town-lady , who has oblig'd a Poet with her Favours all Night , and gets nothing in the Morning for her Pains , but the Copy of a new Song for Breakfast . When I had the Happiness of seeing you last in Town , I told you that you should not fail of having a Letter from me every other Post ; I am afraid I shall be better than my Word , and Persecute you more constantly then a City-vintner does a Country Parliament-man that chalk'd it plentifully last Winter Sessions . Since I have no other way of conversing with you but by Letters , you may depend upon seeing me twice a Week at least , tho' were you in Town I believe I should scarce vissit you so often . But , dear Friend of mine , this is purely the Effect of Absence . I knew a certain Gentleman , who , when he was at home with his Wife , scarce vouchsaft to exchange a Word with her once a Week ; but being obliged to take a Journey as far as York , he never fail'd of writing to her every Post , and longer Letters too , than a Clergiman does when he recommends himself to his Patron for a fat Living . The reason of it is plain , because all Blessings ( and such I say is Mr. M — 's Conversation to me and every one that knows him ) are never throughly understood when we have 'em in our Possession , and are never so much valued as when they are at some distance from us . Thus , my dear Friend , for want of something else to entertain you , I have fallen the Lord knows how , into making Moral Reflections , which was never my Talent ; but if a Man is to govern himself by the Examples he sees in this wicked Town , I don't know why I should not be allow'd to Talk out of my Element , as well as a Thousand more which I cou'd name to you , were I disposed to be ill-natur'd : I cou'd tell you of a certain famous Painter , who understands his Trade and Business , as well as most Men living , and yet is perpetually new modeling the Government , and harping upon Politiques , which he understands just as much as the Lord-Mayor and Aldermen do Arabick . I know a City Physician , who can dispatch his Patients as fast as any of the Colledge , yet in spite of Nature and his own Genius , will be always murd'ring of Rhimes , and feeling the Pulse of the Muses : and another of the Faculty near Charing-cross , who instead of Galen and Hippocrates is perpetually puzling himself with Daniel , and the Revelations . I know a Lawyer perfectly well versed in all Mysteries of Conveyancing , who , by his good Will , Talks of nothing in all Companies but the Merits of Cows Piss , and the modern Dispute betwixt Alcali's and Acids . There is also a famous Parson I cou'd mention to you near St. Dunstan's , who Preaches his Parish fast asleep every Sunday with the Opium he puts in his Sermon , yet over his Coffee must be setling the Affairs of Europe , the Succession of Spain , and the Union of the two East-India Companies , of all which he Talks more wretchedly than a Poet or a Beau does of Religion ; though , by the by , this must be said in his Justification , that he Talks much better of every Thing , than what he was educated to . I can't tell how you 'll relish such an insipid Letter as this , but 't is my Misfortune at present , that I can't furnish you a better Treat : For my part , I had rather Rob the Spittle , or quote Second-hand Sayings , from a Second-hand Wit at Will 's Coffee-house , than be beholding to those dull Rogues that Writes the Weekly News-papers : However , I hope to make you Amends the next Post ; and in the mean time beg leave to Subscribe my self . To Mr. George Moult . A Letter of News . August 14 , 99. Dear Sir , HAving nothing of our own Growth to Entertain you with , I stole into a French Coffee-house near Soho this Afternoon ; where a Parcel of persecuted poor Hugonots , who had just shifted off their Rags , and crept into good Cloaths , by the help of our English Charity ; were railing against the Tyranny of their quondam K — g , like so many Alms-folks against the Churchwardons of their Parish , and express'd as great an Aversion to their own Native Country , as a Jew to Bacon , or the Scotch Kirk to Lawn-sleeves : Amongst the rest was a Parson , who calling for a Dish of Tea , the Coffee-man , through good Husbandry , had converted one of his wooden Shooes ( which I suppose he came over in ) to the use of a Sugar-box , which the Preacher took up as a Text , and gave us a very good Afternoon's Lecture , upon the Miseries of his Country Men , in which the ungainly Slipper was oftentimes made use of , as a very serviceaable Tipe . This being over , I began to examine the Foreign Papers , to see what News . But Europe , as large as it is , being from the farthest Extremity of Spain , to the remotest Parts of Muscovy , at least two thousand Miles in length ( more than I shall ever be Master off ; ) Europe , I say , that contains two Empires , fourteen Kingdoms , and the Devil knows how many Principalities , Dukedoms , Marquisates and Earldoms , with a Pope at the Head of it too , that loves Mischief as dearly , as a Fryer does Nuns Flesh , is not able at present to furnish out a Letter for you ; but to satisfie you , that I have not been wanting , on my part , to hunt for Foreign Occurrences ; I have here sent you an Abridgment of the most material Passages in the Outlandish Gazets . Our last Letters from Warsaw advise , that three Poles were run through the Guts by three German Soldiers , and that some of the small Diets are broke up in a Heat ; But , alas , what are Murders and Mutinies in Poland ? No more than Simony in a Welsh Bishop . They talk too , that the Cardinal Primate , grumbles in his Gizard , and is not so hearty to the King as he should be ; but when did you know a Church-man in Authority , and not endeavour to blow up the Coals of Sedition to the hightest Aggravation , if it lay in his Power ? I wish some one or other wou'd send him over Bishop Overhall's Convocation-book . For certainly what help'd to open the Eyes of the D — of P — 's can never fail of working Miracles , in so enlighten'd a Country as Poland . Madrid , July 20. The King of Spain's Health is much alter'd for the better of late , he Eats and Walks to a Miracle ; for Yesterday at Dinner , he ravenously devour'd a whole Lark , and without any one to support him , made a shift to walk threescore Foot out-right . This Re-establishment of his Health , the Priests , ten to one , will Father upon some She or He-Saint , that knows nothing of the Matter ; but I heard a merry Gentleman a Day or two ago Account for it otherwise . As Monica said of her beloved Son St. Austin's Conversion , That it was impossible for a Son of so many Tears ever to miscarry ; so 't is impossible , crys this Gentleman , that a Monarch , whose Health is drank in all the Taverns in Christendom , which are not Frenchify'd ; shou'd do otherwise then find in himself a sensible Alteration for the better ; and I pray to God continually , that a certain Person , who waits so impatiently for a certain dead Man's Spanish Slippers , may go bear Foot , and not have so much as a Pair of French Wooden-shooes to keep him out of the Dirt. Paris , July 23. The King's Statue was lately set up here in the Place de Vandome ; 't is a perfect Colossus , and Mons. Geriardin has made it appear , That our Monarch has been drawn three times bigger than the Life , not only by his Parsons , his Poets , and his Historiographers , but by his Statuaries too . The Ceremony of the Erection was very magnificent , several of the Nobility , the Counsellors of the Parliament , and the Principals of the Citizens , assisted at it in all their Formalities ; and if it had been the Custom of the Place , the City Recorder had made a handsome Speech to the Figure . Our Letters from all Parts of the Kingdom informs us , that the poor Hugonots are Persecuted ten times more severely , if possible , than the Witches in Scotland , and 't is thought deserve it as little . Rome , July 10. Our last Letters from hence advise , that mighty Preparations are making for the ensuing Jubile ; most of the Charnel-houses and Tooth-drawers Shops have been disfurnished of late , on purpose to provide Relicts for the great number of Votaries we expect here . A Carmelite Fryer has brought a most valuable Rarity with him from the Holy-land , which he presented last Week to his Holiness : 'T is the Comb which belong'd to the Cock that set St. Peter a Weeping ; and the Pope , they say , designs to make a Present of it to a peculiar Favourite ; we are like to be over-run with Strumpets from all Parts of Christendom , who flock hither partly to wipe off their old Scores , and partly to begin a fresh Tick with Heaven . 'T is found by a modest Computation at present , that they are at least ten Harlots to one Church-man already . How will they be over-power'd then , when the whole Posse is got to Rome ? However it is hoped that we shall have a speedy Reinforcement of Brawney well-chin'd Regulars , and Seculars from the North , to keep the Balance more even between the Gown and the Petticoat . This is the first time that a Plurality of Concubines was ever thought a Grievance at Rome . Amsterdam , July 30. The Magistrates of this Place , lately took into their pious Considerations , the reforming the Abuses of the Long Cellar , and one of them proposed to have it lock'd up ; for which he had lik'd to have been Dewitted by the Mob , for a Parsel of Saylors hearing of it , gather'd in great Numbers about his House , demolish'd his Windows , and had proceeded farther in their Out-rage , had not some of the topping Burgomasters pacified 'em , by telling 'em the old Immunities , and Priviledges of the Long Cellar shou'd be continued to them and their Heirs for ever . It was likewise proposed in our Councel , to have laid some new Penalty upon Drankenness but it being represented to 'em , that it wou'd incense the People , and bring down the Excise , for that Reason they went no farther in it . Last Week four Men and as many Women came from the Dutchy of Juliers to this Place , with a Spick and Span new Religion ( as 't is reported ) the whole Contents of which , may be carried in the compass of a Snuff-box : They give out that it is the easiest and cheapest Religion that ever was known , and have offer'd it to the States for the value of four thousand Gilders ; if it be rejected , they design to Embark for England , and see what Market they can make of their new Religion at London . Two learned Criticks of the University of Leyden have had a long Contest about the right Spelling and Writing the Word Idcirco ; and , at last , have agreed to referr the Matter to Dr. B — y , who being a Person of singular Humanity , 't is not doubted but he will do it to Satisfaction . Edenburgh , July 29. We have not had for these ten Years last past so favourable a Summer as now ; so that we don't doubt , but that our Sloes will ripen ; and the Kirk has appointed a general Thanksgiving for it : fifty two Witches are in Custody in several Prisons in this Kingdom , and many terrible Things are alledg'd against 'em , and some of them have been such silly Jades to own themselves guilty , chusing to be burnt outright , rather than live any longer like Witches . The chief Discoverer of them is Mr. Sawney Cockburn , who knows all the Witches Forms in the Kingdom ; and with his Kirk Terriers will Unearth you ten of 'em in a Morning : We build great Expectations upon our new Coloney at Darien , and talk of covering all the Churches in Edenburgh with Silver in a very short time ; but others , who are not altogether so Sanguine , are of Opinion , that all these mighty Pretences will fall to the Ground : And now I am upon this Article , give me leave to tell you , that I heard a Polititian talk in the Rainbow Coffee-house Yesterday upon this Matter ; I am confident , says he , that the Hand of Heaven will appear very Visible in the Chastisement of the Scots in this new Project of theirs upon America . They have impudently bid Defiance to Fate , and opposed the Decrees of Providence , for as God Almighty from Eternity decreed the Germans to be Drunkards , the French to carry Pack-sadles , the Jews to be Rascals ; so he predestinated the Scots to be Pedlars ; accordingly we find , the Germans to this Day get Drunk before Noon , the French carry Pack-sadles to this Day , and so will do in Secula Seculorum , the Jews Cheat on still , and the English Rebel ; only the Scots must kick against the Decrees of Fate , and instead of Pedlars , a Title their Ancestours Aquiest in for two thousand Year and upward , set up for Merchants , Forsooth ; but if ever they make any thing on 't , says he , ( and if they are not at last reduc'd to their old ancient Pedlarism ) I 'll forfeit my Reputation of a Prophet to you , although they have cheated King William out of an Act of Parliament , I believe they will find it a hard matter , withal their Craft and Cunning , to cheat Heaven . Thus , Sir , I have sent you the most important Occurrences I cou'd find in the Foreign Papers . But as to London , which used to be an inexhaustible Magazine of News and Scandal , it affords neither at present . Our Beaux are all gone down to Tunbridge and the Bath , in hopes to make Conquests in both those Places ; where I presume they will succeed as well as our dear Brethren beyond the Twede in their new Caledonian Plantation ; but a Month or two hence they will return to Town with their Pockets as empty as their Heads . The Lawyers are gon down to their respective Habitations to sow Dissention amongst his Majesty's liege People in the Country , and will reap , no doubt on 't , a most plentiful Harvest the next Michaelmas-Term . Our old red-nosed Claret-drinkers have now left us to recruit , by a Vacation-sobriety , their decayed Carcases , and enable 'em to sit up whole Nights with the Parliament-men the next Winter . In short , the Stock-jobbers have left the Change , and the Citizens are half of 'em gon to Epsom , in order to Cuckold one another , which is the best News at present from your assured Friend , &c. From the Gun Musick - booth in Smithfield , in the time of Bartholomew-Fair . Aug. 28. 99. Dear George , All Things are hush'd , as Law it self were dead , Poor pensive Fleetstreet , droops its mournful Head ; Smooth Alcalies in Peace with Acids sleep ; The Church and Stage no longer Difference keep ; The Pulpit-drums don't beat . ANd now the Spirit of Versification leaving me in the lurch , I come to tell you in honest Prose , I mean no more by all this rumbling Stuff , than to let you know this is the long Vacation , which Lawyers , poor Whores , and Taylors , as well as many other Trades , curse as heartily together as Ingrossers of Corn do a plentiful Harvest , or Cole-merchants a warm Winter . Yet tho' many are glad this penitential Season is near expired , as for my part , I cou'd heartily wish , as a Soldier does by the Wars , or a Woman by Enjoyment , it would last much longer . You 'll tell me , that this is a Paradox ; For why the Plague shou'd a Man desire to be in Town , when it is a Desert in a manner , when all the best Company is gone to Tunbridge , Epsom or the Bath ? All this may be true ; but before you and I part , perhaps I may bring you to be of another Opinion , and reconcile you to the long Vacation . In the first place : You must know , that I hate to be in a Crowd ; for which reason I wonder , why so many wise Gentlemen shou'd be so fond to go to the Jubile at Rome , where they are like to be throng'd and crowded as much as a Spectator at a Country Bull-baiting , and with almost as bad a Mob ( pardon the Insolence of my Expression ) for considering what a vast Multitude of Priests , Fops and Bigots are gathered together at Rome , from all Corners of the Universe , I wonder how an honest Man can think himself safe in so dangerous a Crowd , or a wise Man please himself with the Sacred Farces of a Church Rabble . In short , I love the long Vacation upon the same account that some honest Claret - drinkers love walking Home at Midnight , because the Streets are clearer and not so incommodious as at other times . Besides , London is at no time of the Year so thinly peopl'd ( God be thanked ) but a Man , with a little Industry , may find Company enough of both Sexes , to the ruine of his Health and Consumption of his Estate . But this is not all , a universal Spirit of Civility reigns over all the Town , the Tradesmen are more confiding and the Harlots better natur'd . A Vintner , who , in the hurry of Michaelmas-Term , is as difficult of access as a Privy-counsellor , will now give you his Company for asking , and perhaps club his Bottle into the Bargain ; and the very individual Damsel , with whom a Month or two hence , nothing below a Senator will go down , or at least a Man that will bribe as deep , is now so humbled by the Emptiness of the Town , that for the Credit of being carried in a Coach to her Lodgings , and the Expence of a Bottle of Wine , to treat her Landlady , will put on a clean Smock to oblige you , without so much as exacting Mony to pay the Landress . I cou'd say a thousand things more in behalf of the Vacation , but I shall content my self at present , that it produces Bartholomew-Fair ; and when I have said that , I think it needs no farther Panegyrick . If Antiquity carries any weight with it , the Fair has enough to say for it self on that Head. Fourfcore Years ago , and better , it afforded Matter enough for one of our best Comedians to Compose a Play upon it : But Smithfield is another sort of a Place now to what it was in the Times of Honest Ben ; who , were he to rise out of his Grave , wou'd hardly believe it to be the Place where Justice Over-do made so busie a Figure , where the Crop-ear'd Parson demolish'd a Ginger-bread Stall , where Nightingales sung Balads and fat Vrsula sold Pig and botled Ale. As I have observ'd to you , this noble Fair is quite another thing then what it was in the last Age , it produces Opera's of its own growth , and is become a formidable Rival to both the Theaters ; It no longer deals in humble Stories , of Crispin and Crispianus , of Whittington's Cat , with the merry Conceits of King Edward the Fourth and the Tanner of Tamworth : It beholds Gods descending from Machines , who express themselves in a Language suitable to their Character : It trafficks in Heroes , it raises Ghosts and Apparitions ; it has represented the Trojan Horse , the Workmanship of the divine Epeus ; it has seen St. George encounter the Dragon , and overcome him . In short , for Thunder and Lightning , for Songs and Dances , for sublime Fustian and magnificent Nonsence , it comes not short of Drary-lane or Lincolns-inn-fields . But , to leave off this Bombast , with which the Booths have infected me , and deliver my self in a more familiar Stile , you are to know , that , at this present Writing , your humble Servant is in a Musick-booth ; yet , tho' he is distracted with a thousand Noises and Objects , as a Maid whirling round with a dozen Rapiers at her Neck , a Dance of Chimny-sweepers , and a Fellow standing on his Head on the top of a Quart-pot , he has both Leisure and Patience enough to Write to you . Smithfield had always the Reputation of being a Place of Persecution , with this difference , that the Women do that in this Age which the Priests did in the last , and make as many poor Sinners suffer as by Fire . Cheap - side Cits come to see horned Beasts brought hither from all Parts of the World , when they might behold the very same Monsters at home , if they wou'd but be at the pains of consulting their own Looking-glasses : The pious Reformers of the City have been long endeavouring to put down this Nursery of Wickedness and Irreligion , as they call it ; but the beloved Wives of their own Bosoms , and their vertuous Daughters , better understand their own Interest , than to lose any Opportunity of getting abroad and planting Cuckoldom and Fornication , as their Mothers did before ' em . Certainly no Place sets Mankind more upon a level than Smithfield does ; Lords and Bellows-menders , Beaux and Fleaers of dead Horses , Colonels and Foot-soldiers , Bauds and Women of Vertue , walk Cheek by Jole in the Cloisters , and jostle one another by Candle-light , as familiarly as Nat. Lee's Gods in Oedipus jostle one another in the dark . The poor Vizard-masks suffer most unmercifully ; no sooner can one of this Character shew her Head within this priviledg'd Place , but she is hurried into a Corner , and a hundred several Hands are examining at once whether she carries any Contraband-goods about her . The Woman's Children in the Maccabees , that chose rather to suffer than pollute themselves with Swines-flesh , wou'd have died ten thousand Deaths rather than so much as tasted a Pig 's Ear in Smithfield , with a thousand of Prince Molach's Subjects floating in the Sauce about him . But I suppose our vertuous People swallow Pig and Pork so earnestly to shew their Aversion to Judaism . So much may suffice at present , for I am just now going to a Puppet-show to see the Creation of the World and Noah's Flood , which will give me more Satisfaction , I don't question , than Dr. Woodward's Hypothesis , Mr. Whiston's Theory , or any new System of our modern Vertuoso's . I am your most humble Servant . A Consolatory Letter to my Lady — on the Death of her Husband . Madam , I Was very much surprized to hear that your Ladyship took so much to Heart , the Loss of your Husband , that your Relations should not be able to Conquer so obstinate a Grief , or that a Person of your good Sence and Resolution should be so unfashionable and so weak , as to pay that Respect to the Ashes of the Dead , which well-bred Women now-a-days can scarce afford to the Living ; I will not pretend to attack your Grief in the common Formes , I will not represent to you , that all Flesh is Grass , that nothing is exempt from the Laws of Fate , and that 't is in vain to regret a Loss which it was not in our Power to prevent ; these thread-bare Topicks I shall leave to Divines and Philosophers , and shall content my self , to oppose your Lamentations , with Arguments better suited to your present Condition . 'T is true , Madam , you have lost a Husband , but what of that ? have not Thousands done so before you ? but then consider , that his Death makes room for a new Election . A Widow ought no more to afflict her self for the Death of her Husband , than a Country Corporation ought to go into Mourning for the Death of the Member that represented 'em in Parliament ; for without staying for a Writ from the Clark of the Crown , she may proceed to a new Choice as soon as she sees convenient . Your Husband , God be thank'd , has neither carried your Youth with him into the other World , nor your Joynture ; cou'd he have robb'd you of either of those Blessings , you might have just Reason to complain ; but I think a Woman's Condition is not very desperate , when her two surest Friends , her Beauty and her Wealth stick close to her . As you have Charmes , and Money enough to procure you store of Lovers , so in my Opinion , it must needs be an agreeable Diversion in your present Sorrow , ( for I will allow you , Madam , to keep up the Appearance of it ) to observe the different Stile and Language of your Admirers , one will tell you , that he adores the Perfections of your Soul , exclusive of all Worldly Considerations ; but , Madam , have a care of these Platonicks , for a Man that makes vigorous Court to the Body , is worth a Thousand Coxcombs , that pretend to be in Love with your Soul ; another will tell you , that he is ready to hang or drown for your Sake , and desires you to chuse what sort of Death for him you think fit , if you deny him that Blessing wherein his Life can be only happy . Be govern'd by me , Madam , and take such a Lover at his Word , if he decently dispatch himself ; you may take it from me , that he lov'd in earnest , but if he fails to give you this Testimony of his Affection , you may conclude him to be a Hippocrite ; a third perhaps will boast of his Acres , and tell you what a large Settlement he will make you , whatever you do , pray take care of these Smithfield Gentlemen , for not one in a Thousand is honest at bottom . It will be a pleasant Amusement to you , to manage these Humble Servants of yours so artificially , as to make all of 'em hope ; yet , at the same time jealous of one another , to steal a kind Glance sometimes at one , and bestow a gracious Nod sometimes upon another , and after you have thoroughly examined their several Merits and Qualifications , to proceed in your Choice , as the Cardinals do at the Election of a Pope , and pitch upon one , which , in all probability , is likely to make a sede vacante . Thus , Madam , instead of dwelling upon the Illustrious Qualities of the Defunct , to the usual Method of common Comforters , I have made bold to lay down before you , the Measures you are to take with the Living . I confess I have venter'd upon a Task for which I am no ways fitting : Solomon has told us , That the Hearts of Kings are unsearchable ; which , I suppose , he knew to be so by his own Case ; he might have added , when his Hand was in , That the Hearts of Widows are past finding out : Thus , Madam , you are not to wonder , if the Directions I have given you , are none of the surest ; however , such as you see 'em , they are at your Service , as is likewise , Madam , Your most Obedient and Faithful , &c. To Mr. Moult , upon the breaking up of Bartholomew-fair . Sept. 12 , 99 Dear Sir , THe Glory is departed from Smithfield , and Intriguing has left the Cloisters ; in short , Bartholomew-fair is over , Et voila mon Ami les miserables Effets d' une si grand● Revolution . Those very individual Persons , who , two Days ago , glitter'd in Imperial Tinsel , govern'd Kingdoms in Imagination , commanded Legions , and talk'd sublime Heroic in Tragic Buskins ; those very Persons , I say , who put the Sun out of Countenance in his double Capacity , both as the God of Poetry , and the Governor of the Day , who , out-shone him at Noon with their brighter Bristol Stones , and out metaphor'd all Parnassus in the Booth , who commanded Respect from the inferiour Mobb , and drew the Eyes of the whole City , more than a Lord-Mayor at a Publick Cavalcade : — Quis talia fando , Myrmidonum , Dolopumve , aut duri miles Vlyssis , Temperet à lachrymis ? Are now , by a most wonderful Revolution of Fate , divested of all their Splendour and Magnificence , their Troops , their Armies , nay , their very Guards have deserted 'em ; they are now reduced to the common Obscurity of Mankind ; instead of the most exquisite Wine , that used to Crown their Glasses , we find 'em now burying the Regret of their lost Sovereignty in humble Flip , or more humble Anniseed ; and are glad to be trusted for a Dinner at a Boiling-cook's , and snore contentedly in a Garret . And those charming Dulcibella's , who , by the unparalell'd Lustre of their Eyes , forced Monarchs to lay their Scepters at their Feet , who had the Disposal of Kingdoms and Dominions , who stole away the Hearts of all Beholders , and , when ever they pleas'd , drew either Admiration or Pity from the Spectators , are now , by their lik● Inconstancy of Fortune , oblig'd to return to the Privacies of a less pompous Life . They , whom Yesterday's Sun beheld so majestically secure , that they refused a gracious Smile to prostrate Princes ; Nunc in quadriviis , & angiportis , Glubunt magnanimos Bruti nepotes . Are now glad to dispence their utmost Favours , for no higher a Bribe than a Silver-thimble , and a double-guilt Brass-ring at most . They pollute themselves with the sorrowful Embraces of their Fellow-sufferers : In the Day-time , foot Stockings , wash Foot-mens Socks , and charitably make up Breaches in old . Muslin and Lace ; regale themselves with a Pint of Milk at Noon , and Gray-pease at Night , trudge it on Foot from Charing-cross to the Change ; and , with their officious Elbows , remind all the Passers-by of their desolate Condition : In fine , They , who so lately commanded the whole Vniverse , are under perpetual Alarms from Watch-men and Constables ; and , though they so often Fee the savage Justice's Clark , are often forc'd to submit to the barbarous Discipline of Bridewell and New-prison . But tho' Bartholomew-fair be dead , and buried for a Twelvemonth , yet , it is some Consolation to us , that it revives in both the Play-houses . Poetry is so little regarded here , and the Audience is so taken up with Show and Sight , that an Author need not much trouble himself with what he Writes , so he is but in fee with the Dancing-masters , and has but Songs enough to lard his dry Composition . One wou'd almost swear , that Smithfield had removed into Drury-lane , and Lincolns-Inn-fields , since they set so small a Value on Wit and Sence , and so such Trifles that have no Relation to the Play. To convince you , that I have Reason for what I say , I will Transcribe one of their own Bills , that you may see what sorry Entertainment they are now accostomed to . By the by , I am to tell you , that some of their late Bills are so very monstrous , that neither we , nor our Fore-fathers , ever knew any thing like them , they are as long as the Title Pages to some of Mr. Prin's Works , nay , you may read the Gazette , even when it is most crouded with Advertisements , sooner than run over one of them . In the first Place , here are to be seen , the Mimick Entertainments of Mr. Clinch of Barnet , who makes a most incomparable Consort with a Pair of Tongs , and a Key . In the next Place , there is to be a Dance of Bohemian Women ; then the worthy Gentleman that danced the Cheshire-rounds , has been pleas'd , at the Instance of several Persons of Quality , to shew his Parts upon the Stage . It were to be wished the War had continued , for then we had not been over-run with a Parcel of fine light-heel'd Messieurs , who are a greater Nusance to our Theatre , than the Privateers were to our Merchant-men in the Chanel : We had Mons. L'Abadie , Mons. Balon , the Famous Burlesque Dancers from Paris , and the Famous Madam — Las — that had the Honour to Dance before the Duke of Orleance , the Daulphin , and the Lord knows how many Persons of Honour : Besides , I had lik'd to have forgot to tell you , that one of their Bills promised us wonderful Things , from a Gentleman that sung like a Turkey-cock . Shortly , I suppose , we shall have all sorts of Sights and Shows here , as , Jumping through a Hoop ; for why may we not have that as well as Mr. Symson's Vaulting upon the Wooden-horse , Dancing upon the high Ropes , Leaping over eight Mens Heads , Wrestling , Boxing , Cudgeling , Fighting at Back-sword , and Quarterstaff , Bear-baiting , and all the other noble Exercises , that divert his Majesty's People at Hockley i' th' Hole ? not forgetting the witty Pranks of Punchinello , and the merry Conceits of the little Pickle-herring . What a wretched Pass is this wicked Age come to , when Ben. Johnson , and Shakespear wont go down with 'em , without these Baubles to recommend 'em , and nothing but Farce and Grimaces will go down ? For my part , I wonder they have not incorporated Parson Bu — ess in their Society , for after the Auditors are stupified with a dull Scene , or so , he wou'd make a shift to relieve 'em : In short , Mr. Collier may save himself the trouble of writing against the Theatres , for , if these lew'd Practices are not laid aside , and Sence and Wit come in play again , a Man may easily foretel , without pretending to the Gift of Prophesie , that the Stage will be short-liv'd , and that the strong Kentish Man will take Possession of the two Play-houses , as he has done of that in Dorset-garden . I am Your Humble Servant . P. S. The only News we have at present , is , that the strong Kentish Man ( of whom you have heard so many Stories ) has taken Possession of the Theatre in Dorset-garden ; and how they 'll get him out again the Lord knows , for he threatens to thrash all the Poets , if they pretend to disturb him in his new Quarters . Mr. Joseph Hains , was his Master of the Ceremony , and introduced him in a Prologue upon the Stage ; and indeed , who was so fit to do it , as this Person , whose Breath is as strong , as the Kentish Man's Back . I don't doubt , but that several of the Ladies , who saw this Prodegy of a Man , long'd to try a Fall with him in Private , like the Woman in Ovid , that was desirous to lie with Hercules , upon the score of his Strength . Her Words , unless my Memory fails me , were these , — Subiit me magna cupido , Ferre virum , tulerat qui prius ipse polum . She had heard that Hercules had bore Heaven upon his Back , which set her Concupiscence upon Tiptoes , to bear so Heavenly-minded a Champion ; like Citizens , that long to Intrigue with the Minister , in Hopes to partake in his Godliness . To W. K. Esq Being a Relation of a Journy to London . Sir , YOu are earnest to know how I got to Town , and what Adventures I met upon the Road. Since you can condescend to entertain your self with Trifles of this Nature , be pleased to take them as they follow : As soon as I came to Reading , I sent the Man of the House , where I lay that Night , to enquire what Places were taken in the Coach ; who brought me word , that only one Place was taken , and that for a Woman . I presently represented to my self some Maid , Wife or Widow of Nineteen , with black roguy Eyes , cherry Cheeks , narrow Mouth , swelling Breasts , and a Breath as sweet as Violets . I thanked my kind Stars for this favourable Opportunity , and with these pleasant Imaginations passed away the Night very agreeably . Next Morning , full of these charming Idea's , I made hast to the Inn where the Coach lay : But , good Heavens ! no sooner did I peep within the booted Caravan , but I found my self the most lamentably disappointed that ever poor Sinner was . Instead of the Beauty I had represented to my self , behold an old Gentlewoman with formidable Whiskers , her Nose and Chin as ready to meet as the two Ends of a Half-moon , and a dismal Forehead-cloth into the Bargain , cooled my Courage . A Man of more Piety than my self wou'd have thanked Heaven for being so favourable to him , and securing him from a Temptation ; but , I'faith , I cou'd not find in my Heart to do it . Into the Coach I stept , but with as much Regret on my side , as a Transport enters a Virginia Ship , and , without so much as bidding her Ladiship Good-morrow , I compos'd my self to sleep as well as I cou'd ; and , being pretty well prepared for it , by what I had been doing the Night before , slept ten Miles perpendicular , without the least interruption , till we came to Maidenhead . Here we took up a Captain , and two Gentlemen besides . The Captain was one of the most agreeable entertaining Gentlemen that ever could have atton'd for my former Disappointment : He had been in the Service ever since the Campaigning at Hounslow , since which he had seen most of the Action in Scotland , Ireland , and Flanders . Our Conversation at first ran upon Politicks : Religion succeeded to that Discourse ; and , when we were weary with that Subject , by one unanimous Consent , we fell upon Women . The Captain , who , as I told you before , was a Man of Wit and Pleasantry , diverted us extreamly upon this Argument : He told us , that as other Gentlemen devoted their Time to Geometry or Musick , or any thing else which they fancied , he had made it his Business to study Women , and had arrived to so great a Perfection in this noble Science , that , after the first Interview , he cou'd as certainly tell how many Days a Woman wou'd hold out , and when she wou'd deliver , as Monsieur Vauban cou'd tell when any Town wou'd surrender . I compare , says he , a Woman to a Fortification ; In the first place , because it is in my own Way . And , secondly , because there 's the greatest Resemblance in the World between them . There 's no Fortification so strong , nor no Woman so vertuous , but , by open Force or Stratagem , may be made to yield . The World is at liberty to talk what it pleases ; but I positively maintain , that every Woman is to be taken : They are either to be undermin'd by Flattery , or won by Bribery , which we Military Men call Capitulation , or else ( but it does not happen once in a hundred Years ) to be managed by downright Strength . Now all the Art lies to know how to employ these Expedients . Some Ladies will be flatter'd into Love , whom all the Bribes that stir about Weminster-hall in a Session can never move : And others , by far the greatest part of the Sex , are to be managed by Mony , who have too much Discretion to be imposed upon by Flattery . And there are others too great for Bribery , and insensible to all the Flattery in the World , that must be vanquished by Force . Tho' their Inclinations , Gentlemen , are as rampant as yours , nay perhaps fiercer , yet they wou'd seem to be forced ; they think 't is an Excuse for their Infirmity , and quarrel with you after you have obliged them . It was my Fortune , Gentlemen , about some eight Years ago , to be quarter'd upon an Elder , when some of our Troops were in Scotland : His Wife , as to her Beauty , was but indifferent , but she was young , and she belonged to the Kirk , which were two extraordinary Temptations , especially the latter . I offer'd her half a Piece , which was a mighty Sum in that Country , but cou'd not prevail . Then I laid out all my Stock of Rhetorick upon her , and made a Goddess of this Coquette , but to as little effect as before . At last it came into my Head to take the following course ; I spoke well of the Covenant , and railed at the Bishops , after I found her communicative enough of her Person . The next Summer we were sent for over into Ireland , and , after the decisive Battel of the Boyn , pursued the broken Remains of K. James's Army . In short , Gentlemen , I have tried all the Tricks in the World with them , and find , by long Experience , that Flattery does more than sincere Dealing with them , and Drink more than Flattery , Mony more than that , and Religion , I mean the Pretence of it , more than Flattery , Drink and Mony put together . This you may take for granted , for Spinosa and Vanninus never made a quarter so many Atheists , as Love. Since I am upon this Argument , Gentlemen , and we have nothing else to talk of , give me leave to tell you a short Story relating to this Affair : The Scene lies in Wales , or the Borders of it , I wont be positive , but I dare swear it will divert you for want of a better : In the Country above-mentioned lives a Family , very remarkable for their Godliness , by the same token that there were always three or four Presbyterian Divines , with as many young Cubs of the Schism , to keep the House in due Order . From Morning to Night there was nothing but Exhortation , and Vse , and Application was to be heard within the Walls . The Cook exhorted the Butler , the Groom gave Spiritual Advice to the Gardiner : Yet , amidst all this Whining and Praying , and Singing of Psalms , the Devil , who owed the Family a Grudge , for making this Mock-War against him , seduced my Lady's Praying-Gentlewoman to commit Acts of Wickedness with one of the Knight's Praying-Footmen : This zealous Pair managed the Matter with so little Discretion , that their Amour was discovered by some of their Fellow-servants ; but godly People , you know , think themselves above Scandal . At last , word was brought to the old Lady , that they were actually in Bed. At first she disbelieved the News , but finding it confirmed by other Witnesses , she went to this Scene of Lewdness , taking with her a Smith to break open the Door , in case of Opposition , and a Nonconformist Parson to awake their Consciences for them , in case they found them Impenitent . Upon the first Alarm that my Lady gave them , the Lovers wou'd not answer ; but when they found the Smith began to break open the Door in good earnest , the Footman got up and open'd it . The old Lady cou'd hardly forbear striking them , so much was her holy Spleen provoked at the Profanation of her House : But she thunder'd out Judgments plentifully against them , and the Divine that was with her did the same . In short , the Footman had his Livery stript over his Ears , and the poor Wench was sent Home to her Relations , by the same token that she attempted to drown her self by the way . This godly Family was in a strange Disorder to be defiled thus with Fornication ; and the Master of it , being then in London , this unhappy News was sent to him , withal desiring his Advice to know what must be done upon this Occasion . He order'd the Bed , upon which this sinful Action had been committed , to be carried out of the Gates of the House , and there to be burnt . On the Day when this was put in execution , the discarded Footman chanced to come by , as Fire was set to the offending Materials , and being told the reason of it , My Master , says he , might have let this Bonefire alone ; for , to my knowledge , if he 's resolved to punish in this manner every Bed that has been accessory to Fornication , there 's not one in the House can 'scape him . The Captain had just made an end of his Story as the Coach was got upon the Stones . I took my leave of the Company in the Hay-market , being obliged , as you know , to visit Mr. C — ; by whom I find , that there 's no stirring for me out of Town this Month or two . Had not the end of our Journy caus'd a Separation of our Company , I question not but the witty Conversation of my Fellow-traveller would have furnished me with something farther to have entertain'd you ; but since our different Affairs robb'd me of the Opportunity , I beg you to accept , at second-hand , what I have borrow'd from another to oblige you , and you will more than recompence the good Intentions of Your humble Servant . A Love-Letter from an Officer in the Army , to a Widow whom he was desperately in Love with before he saw her . THo' I never had the Happiness to see you , no , not so much as in a Picture , and consequently can no more tell , what Complexion you are of , than he that lives in the remotest part of China ; yet , Madam , I am fallen passionately in Love with you , and this Affection has taken so deep root in me , that in my Conscience I cou'd die a Martyr for you , with as much Alacrity , as thousands have done for their Religion ; though they were as ignorant of the Truth , for which they dy'd , as I am of your Ladiship . This may surprize you , Madam , but you 'll cease to wonder , when I shall acquaint you what it was , that not only give Birth to my Passion , but has so effectually confirm'd it . Last Week , riding into the Country about my lawful Affairs , it was my Fortune to see a most magnificent Seat upon the Road ; this excited my Curiosity to enquire after the Owner of so beautiful a Pile ; and being told , that it belong'd to your Ladiship , I began that very Moment to have a strange Inclination for you ; but when I was farther informed , that some two thousand Acres of the best Ground in England , belong'd to this noble Fabrick , together with a fine Park , variety of Fish-ponds , and such like Conveniencies ; I then fell up to the Ears in Love , and concluded to list my self in the Number of your humble Servants : Thought I to my self , the Owner of so many agreeable Things , must needs be the most charming Lady in the Universe : What tho' she be old , her Trees are green ? What tho' she has lost all the Rofes in her Cheeks , she has enough in her Gardens ? What signifies it tho' she be barren , since her Acres are fruitful ? With these Thoughts , I lighted from my Horse , and on the sudden fell so inamour'd with your Ladiship , that I told my Passion to every Tree in your Park , which , by the by , are the tallest , straitest , loveliest , finest shaped Trees I ever saw ; and have since wore out above two dozen Penknives , in Engravening your Name upon their Barks . I will now appeal to your Ladiship , whether any Lover , ever went upon more solid Motives than my self . Those who are wholy influenced by Beauty , will infallibly find their Passion decay with that ; those who pretend to admire a Woman for the Qualities of her Mind , ought to consider her Soul abstractedly from her Body ; and he that loves not a Woman for her Flesh , as well as her Spirit , is only fit , in my Opinion , to make his Court to a Spectre ; whereas you need not question the Sincerity of my Passion which is built upon the same Foundation with your House , grows with your Trees , and will daily increase with your Estate : For all I know to the contrary , your Ladiship may be the handsomest Woman in the World ; but believing you are so , but whether you are or no , signifies not a Farthing , while you have Mony enough to set you off , tho' you were ten times Uglier than the present red-nosed Countess of — , and older than the famous Countess of Desmond . I am a Soldier by my Profession , and as I fought for Pay , so , with Heaven's Blessing , I design to love for Pay ; all your other Suitors wou'd speak the same Language to you , were they as honest as my self ; this I will tell you for your Comfort , Madam , that if you pitch upon me , you 'll be the first Widow upon Record , from the Creation of the World , to this present Hour , that ever chose a Man for telling her the Truth . An Exhortatory Letter , to an old Lady that smoaked Tobacco . Madam , THough the ill-natured World censures you for Smoaking , yet I would all vise you , Madam , not to part with so innocent a Diversion ; In the first place it is Healthful , and as Galen in de usu Partium rightly observes , is a sovereign Remedy for the Tooth-ach , the usual Persecutor of old Ladies . Secondly , Tobacco , though it be a Heathenish Weed , is a great help to Christian Meditations ; for which is the Reason I suppose that Recommends it to our Parsons ; the Generality of whom , can no more write a Sermon without a Pipe in their Mouths , than a Concordance in their Hands : besides , every Pipe you brake , may serve to put you in mind of Mortality , and let you see upon what slender Accidents , Man's Life depends . I knew a Country Minister , who on Fast-days used to mortifie upon a Rump of Beef , because it put him , as he said , in mind , that all Flesh was Grass ; but I am sure much more may be learnt from Tobacco . It may instruct you that Riches , Beauty , and all the Glories of this World vanish like a Vapor . Thirdly , It is a prety Play-thing : A Pipe is the same to an old Woman , that a Gallant is to a young one , by the same Token they make both Water at Mouth . Fourthly and Lastly , It is fashionable , at least 't is in a fair way of becoming so ; cold Tea , you know , has been this long while in Reputation at Court , and the Gill as naturally ushers in the Pipe , as the Sword-bearer walks before the Lord-Mayor . I am your Ladiship 's humble Servant . To Sir W. S — . January 8. I Have , according to your Order , sent you down by the Canterbury Coach , the Satyr against Wit , and the Poetae Britannici , two incompar able Peices in their Kind , and which will certainly give you a great deal of Diversion , if you are to be diverted by Dullness and Defamation , or what is as bad as Defamation , by vile , lowsie Panegyric . The former of these two Poems came like Melchisedeck into the World , without Father or Mother ; I mean the Author , for several Reasons best known to him self , has not thought fit to set his Name before it : however , he is not so conceal'd as he fancies himself ; for if there is any certainty in Physiognomy , or the Child to be known by resembling the Features of the Father , as they say the Austrian Family are by the Lip ; it was undoubtedly written by the City Bard , the same worthy Gentleman , who about three Years ago lampoon'd K. William in an Heroic Poem , by the same Token , that he was Knighted for it . I have been told he has disown'd the Bastard in several Companies , but that won't serve his turn : The Grand Jury at Will 's have found the Bill against him ; so now he must e'en take the Brat home , and bring it up its Father's Religion , Hypocrisie and Backbiting . A Friend of mine t'other Day , sai'd a very pleasant thing , methought upon this Occasion , A Satyr against Wit ; that is , says he , a Satyr against every individual Subject King William has in his Dominions , for there 's never a Man between St. Michael's Mount , in Cornwal , and Barwick upon Tweed , but thinks himself a Wit , whatever the World may think of him ; nay , I dare engage that the Author himself , for all his Aversion to Wit , does not believe this Satyr is without it . 'T is the most fantastical Mixture of Hypocrisie and Scandal you ever saw : The Writer of it , ( which he shews by his Scurrility and Want of good Manners ) sets up for an Advocate of Religion , and pretends that a Confederacy is carrying on in Covent-garden , to Banish that and Learning out of the World. By the terrible Description he makes of some People , one wou'd be apt to think that the Goths and Vandals , who have been buried under Ground for so many hundred Ages , were newly sprung up in Russel-street , and going with Fire and Faggot to set all our Libraries in Ashes ; and when that was done , to knock all the Parsons in the Head , and ravish all the Women between Temple-bar and White-chappel . But Dr. Otes's forty thousand Pilgrims , with their black Bills , and so forth , don't smell so much of Romance . All the Reason I know of he has to make this hideous Out-cry , is , because the Dispensary has made bold to expose the rumbling Fustian of his two Arthurs , and some honest Gentlemen , that now and then use to drink a Dish of Tea at Will 's , have been guilty of the horrid Sin of speaking the Truth , and condemning his Rhymes . A strange thing this ? that a Man must be an Atheist , only for calling Dullness by its proper Name , and a Rake , because he has too much Honesty to Flatter one of the most stupid execrable Poems , that has plagu'd the World since the Days of Quarles and Ogilby . As I told you before , the Author of this incomparable Satyr has been pleased to disown it ; but he has acknowledged enough to do his Business . He has own'd to a Person of the indelible Character , who complimented him upon the Writing of it , and told him , that an indelible Mark was stamped upon all his Works , that indeed he Corrected and Revised it ( if another had been to Correct it , he would have done it with Martial's Vna litura ; ) but indeed did not Write it : However , this is enough in all Conscience , for next to the Scandal of Writing such a confounded Satyr , that of Correcting and Revising it , deserves the next place . But in Satyr and Murder , there 's no such thing as Accessories , but every Man is a Principal . It wou'd look like too Solemn a Confutation of such Ribaldry , to say that the Gentlemen , whom he has abused , have improved and cultivated our Tongue , have obliged the World with several Works that will be read with Admiration , and remembred with Gratitude , when his are forgotten , that they think it no Disgrace to their Learning , to accompany it with good Manners , that they know when to unbend themselves to Pleasure , and when to apply to Business , that they don't affect a Gravity which after all becomes none but mysterious Block-heads , nor show their Morals , by censuring those of their Neighbours ; I say , it would look too solemn , to say any thing like this in their Justification , since not only their own Works speak for them , but they are sufficiently commended , by being made the Heroes of his Libel . Among other merry Doctrines he advances , he tells the World , that 't is impossible for a Man to be a Wit , and not a Rake ; this I suppose he calculated for the Meridian of Cheapside , and for the Consolation of his City-Friends , whom all the World will clear from the Imputation of being Wits ; and yet , with all due Respect to my Lord-Mayor and Aldermen be it spoken , I believe there are as many of that Character within the City-walls , as there are in Covent-garden , and stupid senseless Coxcombs too , that discredit Pleasure , and Murder that which was design'd to enliven Conversation . He principally levels his Indignation at Mr. Dryden , and among other Sins , taxes him with Flattery . If Flattery is to be Pardon'd in any sort of Men , it certainly ought to be in the Poets ; but for my part , I don't think them more guilty of it , than the rest of Mankind , who all agree to make their Courtship to Wealth and Greatness ; and if it is a Sin to flatter Greatness , they do neither better nor worse than all the World , who , perhaps , have not the same Excuse . If Man were minded to be ill-natur'd , he might easily turn the Tables upon the Church , and show that the Parsons have flatter'd as much as the Poets . If the Latter in their Epistles Dedicatory bestow Wit and Learning upon Block-heads , the Former have bestowed Grace , and the Lord knows how many Christian Virtues upon those that never possess'd them . What makes it look worse in the Parsons than the Poets ? Is it , that the Latter are priviledged by Function , whereas the former are Men of Grimace , and are supposed to deal in nothing but Truth : But 't is a Jest , that the City Bard should fall foul upon any one for Flattery ; he that has been guilty of the grossest , vilest Flattery imaginable , and prostituted the Dignity of an Epic Poem , more than any one before him . An Epic Poem is a noble magnificent Composition ; the chief End of it is to excite Men to Virtue , by celebrating illustrious Examples , and proposing them to Imitation . 'T is a Public sort of a Building , like that of a Temple , or a Town-hall ; now as a Man that designs to build any such Structure , if he intends to adorn it with Statues , ought to set up those of celebrated Men , of Kings , or Princes , or Bishops , and not his Barber 's because he Trims him well , or his Shooe-maker's , because he has got the Length of his Foot : So in Epic Poem , an Author should only introduce Men of Figure into his Work , and not throw away his Incense upon mean or obscure Persons , merely because they are his Friends , and now and then drink a Glass a Wine with him at the Three Tuns . Yet the Author of the two Arthurs , has not only done this , but has ( to his immortal Credit be it spoken ) introduced Satyr into an Epic Poem , which no one did before him , and I dare swear no one will ever attempt the like after him , except such a sordid Imitator , as he that has Burlesqued our Saviour in Heroic . But to return to our Satyrist : You and I , and every Body has been charm'd with the honourable Mr. Boyl's Answer to a stiff haughty Grammarian that shall be nameless , but is known well enough . Never did Wit and Learning Triumph so gloriously over Dullness and Pedantry , as in that noble Book ; and never was any Argument managed with that Variety of Learning , and those agreeable Turns of Wit. Accordingly it had not only a kind Reception in England , but elsewhere . The Forreign Journals , gave it the Commendation it deserves , and all the Polite Judges in Europe were pleased to see an arrogant Pedant , that had been crouding his Head twenty Years together with the Spoils of Lexicons and Dictionaries , worsted and foiled by a young Gentleman , upon his own Dunghil , and by his own Criticisms . Thus one would have thought that Mr. Boyl's Merit and Quality would have secured him from any scurrilous Treatment ; and that his Enemies , if he could have any such , wou'd be content to Envy him in Private , and never have the Impudence to Attack him in Public . And yet the noble Author of the Satyr against Wit , has villainously insinuated , that the Gentleman I have been talking of , did not Write the Book , to which he prefixed his own Name . I will appeal to you , whether 't is possible for any Suggestion to be more malicious and base than This ; and whether the Publisher of it can be used too scurvily , ought to be treated with any good Manners , which he has so notoriously violated . They talk of Squibbing him with Epigrams ; for my part , I think 't is doing him too much Honour , and making him more considerable than he deserves ; however , if they go on with it , I shall not be wanting to contribute my Quota to so Pious a Design . 'T is now high time to come to the Author of the Poetae Britannici : I do the Scoundrel too much Honour to name him ; but since two or three Advertisements have set him out in all his Trappings , for once I shall condescend to mention him : His Name is Cobb , the same numerical Blew-coatboy , that some Years ago Writ a merry Pindarick upon the Queen's Death , which was presented for Blasphemy at the Old-baily . I can't imagine how it cou'd come into the Head of so obscure a Wretch , to think he cou'd do any Honour to the Persons he pretends to commend , or that his Censure should be taken in Prejudice of the meanest Scribler in Town . Thus I have given you a short Account of these two Lampoons ; I should have made a Scruple to obey your Commands , ( the only time I was ever like to Disobey you ) in sending them down to you , but that I consider'd with my self , that your Worship in all probability has been a great Transgressor these Christmas-holidays , and Trespast most enormously with your Tenants in Roast-beef and March-beer ; for which Reason it may not be amiss for you to do Penance , as I reckon you will most plentifully , if you can have Patience to Read over the City Bard's and the Blew-coat Scriber's Poem . I am , with all Respect , Your most humble Servant . To a Physician in the Country . Sir , WE are almost barren of News ; the War betwixt the Northern Crowns , and the Poetical Physicians is the only Subject at present ; Holstein and Riga , Cheapside and Covent-garden the Scene of all our Coffee-house Debates . What passes in our two first , the publick Prints will inform you ; the latter I shall endeavour to give you some Account of : You are not Ignorant of the Civil War that is broke out amongst the Subjects of Apollo , and the Disorders in Parnassus . Two brawny Heroes , the Sons of Paeon , head the opposite Factions ; both have signalized themselves extraordinarily one in four Poems , which he has Printed , and to'ther in a Poem printed four times . The City Bard takes Arms , to drive out Wit , as an Evil Counsellor from all the Rellins of Apollo . The Covent-garden Heroe rises in its Defence , and maintains its Services . This Quarrel is so far spread , that it 's not like to be decided Proprio Marte ; each Chief has his Faction , the Knight of the Round-table has gather'd a Body of Mercenaries , to whom , on the other side , are opposed a Squadron of Auxiliary Volunteers ; and thus , as in Forty One , Blew-aprons , and Laced-coats are drawn up against one another , and the Rable and Gentlemen set together by the Ears ; each Side confident of Success , that trusting to their Multitudes , this to their Courage and Conduct . The Pestle and Mortar-men are drawn up against the Esculapian Band ; the first , who like Taylors and Women measure the Goodness of every Thing by the length , assert the good old Cause of long Bills , and long Poems , against the Jus Divinum of Efficacy and Sense ; and think it infinitely more Meritorious to write three or four Folio's without Wit , than to fill a small Octavo with it , and prefer the Art of Swelling a Bill , before the Skill to Cure a Disease . The Cheapside Heroe , they say , devotes himself wholly to their Service , and Rhimes as well as Prescribes to the use of their Shops : However , this doubty Chief , in the midst of his Cheapside Triumphs , has been brought under Martial Discipline , and forc'd to run the Gantlet in Covent-garden , and switch'd through the whole Posse of Parnassus , for fighting against the Law of Arms with false Colours . Those that favour his Cause complain of the Injustice and Indignity of his Punishment , alledging , he suffers for what he never did . They on the other Hand defend their Proceedings , and affirm they know him through his Disguise , and that coming upon 'em in Masquerade , he ought to suffer as a Spy , or an Assassin , and deserves no more Quarter , than he gives to his Patients . Notwithstanding this , his Party have rallied once more , and the Mercenaries are brought to the Attack , who hope to affect that by Stratagem , that they despair of by plain Force ; and , like the Scots at the Bass , since they can't reduce 'em by Arms , attempt to Poison them with Stink-pots . At the Head of those , is a Mendicant Rhymer , one that begs with a Poem , like a Pass in his Hand , and with a sham Brief , as a Sufferer by Poetick Fire ; has Collected the Charity of well-disposed Persons through all Parnassus for above twice twelve Months ; and like a true Beggar , when he has tired 'em out , falls a Railing : For a Bribe from his Balad-Printer's not large enough to Rob him of the Benefit of the Act of Parliament , for the Relief of Poor Prisoners ; and the Promise of a Dinner now and then from Sir Arthur , he has consented to Libel his Benefactors , and return to his old Quarters , and subsist for the Remainder of his Life upon the Basket. Thus countenanced and encouraged , he lays about him most desperately , and like one not much concern'd for the Success , draws his Incense , and his Ammunition from the same House of Office. Friends and Foes are treated alike in Compliment , he paints one with the same Sir-reverence , that he aims to bedaub the other ; and when his Hand is in , like the Conqueror in Hudibrass's Ovation , bestows his Ordure very liberally amongst the Spectators . Thus , Sir , I have given you a true Account of the State of the Poetical War , headed on both Sides by Gentlemen of your Faculty ; among whom , though here has been no Bloodshed , there has been as much Noise of Slaughter and Execution , as in Holstein , or Livonia . You may expect more on the same Subject , for the Quarrel is not like to drop , while H — ns can tell his Fingers , or P — subsist on Mumping in Metre . I am , &c. LOVE-LETTERS , WRITTEN By Mr. — to Madam — I Had a Mind to know , Madam , whether you had quarrel'd with me t'other Night , at the — or not ; and therefore , writing to you Yesterday , I find now that you are angry at something ; but may I be discarded , if I know the Reason : If you have made a Quarrel on my approving — , I beg your Pardon , and shall henceforth do Violence to my own Reason , and contradict Mankind to agree with you : 'T is hard to find any Simpathy in Hearts , where there 's such Contrariety in Opinions . I shall therefore , Madam , henceforth square my Sentiments to yours in every thing ; and if you will quarrel without a Cause , I will oblige you , and do so too . Your Uneasiness , Madam , wrongs either your own Charms or my Sincerity ; either of which is a sensible Abuse to me . 'T is a hard Fate , that you can't love and be easie , and I can't desist and live : but I can die to make you happy ; an ill-natur'd Line or two does the Business ; for I cannot bear the Spleen , the Rheumatism , and your Displeasure at once . So , Madam , strike now , and for ever quit your self of an unfortunate Man , who has but one Hand , which he thinks sufficient , since he can thereby ever own himself Yours . To the same . Madam , Sunday-morning , NExt to my Prayers , I must address my Devotions to you ; to you whom I have offended , and to whom I must offer a penitential Sacrifice , if an Oblation of a bleeding Heart can make any Attonement for my Sin , I offer it freely . Heaven is merciful , and so shou'd you be ; I dare not approach , without your Permission : If you will Sign my Pardon in a Line from your dear Hand , expect me with all the Joy of a repriev'd Malefactor . I am , Madam , happy or miserable , as you please to make me . To the same . WHat shall I say to the dearest Woman upon Earth ! Were my Thoughts common , how easily might they be express'd ! But the Expression , like the Enjoyment in Love , is lost by a too ardent Desire ; my Soul plumes it self in the secret Pride of being belov'd by you ; and upon so just a Foundation of valuing my self , who can accuse me of Vanity ? I can no more compliment what I love , than I can flatter what I hate ; and therefore when I tell you , that your Charmes are more and more engaging , and my Love improving , believe it for a Truth ; hear my Wish , and then conclude me happy : Oh! cou'd I find ( grant Heaven that once I may ) A Nimph fair , kind , poetical and gay ; Whose Love shou'd blaze unsullied and divine , Lighted at first by the bright Lamp of mine : Free from all sordid Ends , from Interest free , For my own sake Affecting only me . What a blest Vnion shou'd our Souls combine ! I her 's alone , as she was only mine ; Blest in her Arms , I should immortal grow , Whilst in return , I made my Celia so . Sweet generous Favours shou'd our Loves express , I 'd Write for Love , and she shou'd Love for Verse : Not Sacharissa's self , great Waller's Fair , Shou'd for an endless Name with mine compare . She shou'd transcend all that e're went before , Her Praises , like her Beauty shou'd be more : My Verse shou'd run so high , the World shou'd see , I sung of her , and she inspired me : The World shou'd see that from my Love I drew , At once my Theam , and Inspiration too : Blest in my Wish , my Fair , I 'm blest with you . I went abroad Yesterday morning about seven , and return'd about one this morning , slept till past eight , then arose to tell you , that I dreamt of you all the time , and that I am your own . To the same . BY Heavens and Earth ( my Dearest ) I am ty'd Neck and Heels with Wine , and Company ! All the Spells of Love can't undo the Charm ; besides , my Dear , I am almost fudled ; I shall stay here at the Rose till towards eleven ; it will be a tedious Walk to go home to Night , considering that you lie upon the same Floor with the Door : It is not impossible , methinks , for a Man of so much Love to slip in Incognito . Your — is with me , there will be a double Pleasure in deceiving him , and being happy in my dear One's Arms ; I shall call at the Door , and see whether the Coast be clear : however , this , if it succeeds , will make me the happiest upon Earth — ; however , my Dear , run no Hazard that may expose you ; but consider , my Dear , the eager Wishes of the faithfullest , and most loving of Mankind . To the same . IF I did not Love , I wou'd not beg , and if ever you loved , you 'll grant my Pardon ; your Letter , Madam , has tormented me more than all the Favors of your whole Sex besides can please me ; if I have lost you , I have lost my self , and shall be lost to all Womankind : My Letter last Night was written in heat of Wine ; so Men guilty of Murder in their Drink , repent it all their Lives ; mine is a greater Crime , for I have stab'd my self , pierc'd my own Heart , and now it bleeds with Anguish and Despair . Stab'd my own Heart , and pierc'd your Image , there the Remembrance of the Happiness I have enjoy'd , will now prove the greatest Curse ; the melting Sighs , the moving Tears , the Joys , the Raptures that mounted me to Heaven , now cast me down to Hell : I shall now turn Poet in good earnest ; And like poor Ovid , banish'd from his Rome , Curse that destructive Art , that caus'd his Doom . In short , Madam , I am Mad , and if I think farther , I shall let the World see it . Revoke that word , eternal Silence , or you make me eternally Miserable , for I am now the most Disconsolate of Mankind . To a young Lady . By another Hand . My Dearest Madam , FOr so I must ever think you , I hope you got safe to London , and that your Indisposition is abated , which will be the Means to make mine the more tolerable , since I can more easily bear mine own than yours ; You expect I should tell you , how I am ; and excepting a little Melancholy , the Reason of which you know , I find my self tolerable , my Feavour , I think , did not think fit to visit me last Night ; I ramble out of one Room into another , now and then I let fall a Tear. I design to come to London , on Sunday next , that my Heart and I , may be in the same Place ; till then , believe me most entirely Yours . To the same . I Cannot help telling my Dearest , how much I am hers , what Pleasure I have in her Company , what Pain in her Absence ; to love her , is but to see her ; and to value her , is only to know her : But pray , my Dear Mrs. — , forget not to drink some Chocolate with me to Morrow , that I may once say , I spent a Sunday well ; I am sure I shall have some good Thoughts in the Morning , because I shall think of you ; and when I do so , I shall think of one that I passionately Love , and that I hope is not unmindful of Hers. To the same . TO convince you , I am not given to Change , regard but this Piece of Paper , 't is torn like my Heart at taking leave , and is such a Scribble as I usually write ; I am harsh in my Stile , negligent of my Ink , and not too exact in fashioning up my Letter ; and cannot have the least Esteem for my self , but when I reflect that I have the Honour to be lokt upon as , Madam , your most Humble . To the same . Dear Madam , T Is to you , I must always address to tell me how I do ; 't is no matter , tho' I shou'd find my self in Health , if your Frowns shou'd tell me otherwise ; know then , Madam , I languish , or revive , as you smile or look out of Humour ; and though , at present , one wou'd guess by my Hand-writing , that I am just at the point of Death ; yet , I doubt not , but I shall live tell to Morrow Evening , if you wou'd but promise , at that time , to come to Yours . A Letter from a Lady to her Lover , in the French Army ; with a Tuft of Hair inclosed in it . Out of the French. Sir , I Have sent you a Pattern of what you formerly us'd to like so much , and cou'd wish the whole Piece with you : I long to see you , and am sorry , that your Honour is dearer to you , than your Mistress , and that you prefer a Lodging in a Trench to her Arms. I begin to complain of the length of the Campagne ; but if it be true , that one of these inclosed in this Letter , can draw more than six Horses , I may have some Hopes they 'll pull you hither to me ; at least all that 's left of you , for I suppose you are too much a Heroe , to bring back all your Limbs with you , or to have any thing entire , but your Heart , at your return to Yours . To Madam C — ll . Madam , IT is not without some Pains , Madam , that I have gathered the following Account , which if it proves not advantagious to me ; it is at least very satisfactory , to know why I am refus'd : Because you don 't like me . A very substantial Reason , I must confess ; and the only one I believe , on which the Vertue of your Sex is grounded : For , Madam , I am satisfied , your Fortress is not Impregnable , and though you won't Capitulate with me , though I offer your own Terms , I know the Man , to whom you would gladly Surrender upon his . A Song , or an amorous Copy of Love-Verses , wou'd gain the Point : 'T is strange , Madam , that you should be in Love with the Sons of the Muses ; those poor Rogues , that can only pay with empty Breath , what I , with substantial Gold , wou'd purchase ; and that used to be the most prevailing Argument with your Sex. Adsheart , Madam , half a Crown damns a Poet at any time , and for a Shilling , you may buy what he has puzl'd his Brains about half a Year to Collect ; then , pray where lies the Curiosity ? Now , I should think , a little Money , or a little Wit , clean Linnen , and a sweet Breath , might be every jot as acceptable . I may reasonably suppose , your Husband , a very Husband ; for Women are generally in Extreams , and your Sickness of the Fool is encreas'd to a Madness for a Wit. Now , Madam , I would advise you , to apply a Medium for your Cure , which you may find in your humble Servant : I am neither Ideot enough , to be call'd a Driveller ; nor Wit enough , to set up for a Poet : yet , I 'll venture a Wager , if you 'll try , I can leave you as substantial as either . Consider , Madam , on this Advice , and Heaven give you Grace to put it in Practice : I shall expect your Answer , or you may expect the second Part of the same Tune . For in short , Madam , I Love you , and must , and will Possess : I am resolv'd not to be uneasie thus , when 't is in your Power to give me Ease . I am , Madam , or will be wholly yours , and I hope to find one Day the same Conclusion , in a Letter from your dear self . Madam C — ll's Answer to — COu'd I value a Man upon his Fortune , I shou'd condescend to Converse with a Fool , though by your Assurance and Vanity , one wou'd take you for a Wit : my Conversation with the Sons of the Muses , is purely for my Diversion ; if I thought you had Sence enough to make me Sport , I wou'd list you in the Number . I 'm afraid the Product of your whole Life , wont amount to the Value of what you reckon a Poet 's half Year's Pains , unless it were to expose your self , which they can do better for you : You tell me , you have a sweet Breath , but how can that be a sweet Breath , which Stinks so Rankly of Nonsence ? You propose a little Mony , and a little Wit ; but I scorn to be beholding to any Man for the former , and the latter I have it already , without the Arrogance of Riches , and the ill Manners of Vanity . My Husband knows me so well by my Company , and you so well by your Letter , that he has given me leave to Answer it ; nay , commanded me , else I had left you a Prey to your Conceit and Vanity ; which in a little time , will make you fit for the Stage , and so make you good Company for Women of Sence . Sir , I advise you to make your Valet transcribe your Letters for you , for your own hand Spells worse than a Whore. His Answer to Mrs. C — ll . AN Answer , and by the Husband's Command too ; better still , I hope you have Wit enough to make Advantage of the Liberty he gives you : Your Letter , Madam , shews you a Woman of Sence ; and the Scarceness of that Commodity in your Sex , renders you the more agreeable : And it ought to be taken into consideration by the Parliament , to prevent the Increase of Fools , that no one Man shou'd engross a Person of Wit to himself : You are very severe , Madam ; but no matter , I had rather be the Subject of your Thought this way , than not at all ; for I may hope at last to convince you of the Sincerity of my Passion , and Pity is essential to your Sex. But , what am I doing ! this is labouring to be a Fool indeed , and losing your Opinion of my Vanity ; if you 'll let me enter your List , Madam , under what Colours you please , I don't question coming off with Credit . And if you don't confess I have made you as good Sport as any of the Parnassian Family , I 'll give you leave to cashire me the next Moment . I 'm glad to find such a Reformation in your Sex ; but , I doubt , Madam , you 'll hardly perswade many of 'em to be of your Mind . For I tell you , Madam , Gold is the Womens God ; and there 's scarce a Dutchess in this Kingdom , that can't find an use for a superfluous Sum. I deny your having Wit without Vanity ; if you mean in your self , good Manners obliges me not to contradict you , tho' I have much ado to help reminding you of the following Line , in the Letter , 't is out , Faith , before I was aware , your Pardon for that : If you mean the Lover , I must tell you , Madam , that no Poet is without the Vanity of ten thousand a Year , and I 'll warrant , to assert his own Wit , wou'd venture to Libel a Parliament-man , for hissing his damn'd dull Plays , though he had pick'd his Pocket of half a Crown . Look ye , Madam , I have no occasion to expose the Product of my Brain ; the Product of my Estate is sufficient to afford me Necessaries ; and that 's more than your Poetical Friends can warrant from their spare Diet and hard Study . And to answer the Postscript , good Spelling is beneath a Gentleman ; so much by way of Answer . Now , Madam , I wish I knew of what Metal , this good Man of yours is made ; for I would fain be acquainted with him , 't is the best way of Intriguing in the World : If he is a Courtier , Flattery makes him my Friend ; if he 's a Citizen , Custom in his way of Trade ; if he serves the King , a Bribe may do the Business ; if a Man below these , a hard Word , and a big Look makes you mine ; and if I once had Possession , you shou'd find I had Courage enough to defend my own , though with all the Submission to you imaginable . For believe me , Madam , to be the sincerest of all your humble Servants . An Answer . I 'M very glad to hear , Sir , that you are a Member of Parliament , for by that means you may prefer a Bill in favour of my Sex , that may provide against the troublesome Suit of those we don't care for . Pray Sir , be kind to the D — of N — ; I don't think but an Act of Resumption , in ease of a Wife may pass . If an Act of Parliament make a Cuckold , it may be of dangerous Consequence to all the Husbands in the Nation ; for the Subjects will be for following the Example of the higher Powers . I imagine you to be of the Court Party , you understand a Bribe so well ; but I can assure you my Husband falls not in your Road ; he 's no Courtier , consequently no Knave ; no Soldier ; so not in your Power to use ill ; no trusting Cit to oblige your Squireship's Acquaintance ; nor Fool enough to be frighted with the Bray of an Ass : thus much by way of Answer to your Wish . And now , Sir , I tell you , I want much of your Vanity to relish your Flattery ; I have Wit enough to distinguish the Arrogance of a Coach and Six from the Complaisance of a Man of Sence ; I despise your Price , and nauseate your Person ; and if you don't desist , I shall expose your Name in Print ; and your Years will shew you Bankrupt in Love , as your Letters does of Sence and good Manners ; and that you are deficient in 'em all , I believe the World will agree with , Sir , Your humble Servant . To Mrs. — By another Hand . Madam , I Must acquaint you in short , that you must either pull out your Eyes , or I must pull out mine ; either you must not be Handsome , or I must be Blind . Yet though my Passion is as violent perhaps as any Man's , you must not expect I shou'd either Hang or Drown . I shou'd betray great Want of Sense , and little Knowledge of your Merit , to be willing to leave the World while you are in it . To deal sincerely with you , Madam , I choose infinitely the Happiness of Living with you , before the Glory of Dying for you . Besides , I have that good Opinion of your Sense , to believe you prefer the living Lover to the dead ; the Lips that are warm , to those that are cold ; the Limbs which have Motion , to those which have none . If I must die , Madam , kill me with your Kindness , but not with your Cruelty : Let me expire rather upon your Bosom , than at your Feet . If you shall be tenderly inclined to give me a Death of this kind , I am prepared to receive it on any Ground in the three Kingdoms : Appoint but your place , and I shall not fail to meet my fair Murderer . To my Lady — . Madam , I Am now at my Lady — , where we have had a very warm Debate : Among many general Things we happen'd to fall into a Discourse of Queen Elizabeth , and a Question arising what Complexion she was of ; one Lady said , she was Fair , another maintain'd she was Black , a third contended she was Brown. The Dispute was managed with very great Heat , and little Certainty on all sides . Speed , Baker , Camden , were consulted ; but we found the Historians either silent , or as much divided as the Company ; at last , after a long Debate , it was the unanimous Resolution of both Ladies and Gentlemen , to refer it to your Ladiship 's Determination , as a Person of greater Antiquity , and consequently of better Authority than our Chronicles . If you shall do us the favour to give us some Satisfaction in this Matter , 't will be a general Obligation to the whole Company , and a particular Honour done to , Madam , Your Ladiship 's obedient Servant . To the same . A Love-Letter to an old Lady . Madam , PAying a Visit Yesterday to Mrs. — , I was informed of your Ladiship 's Displeasure : What shou'd occasion your Indignation , I cannot well apprehend : I do assure you , no Man living has a greater Veneration for your Ladiship , or has been readier upon all occasions to testifie it to the World. To convince you of the Truth of what I say , I will relate to you what happened last Saturday ; by which it will appear , that I have been so far from ridiculing your Ladiship , which is the Accusation you fasten upon me , that no one could have given greater Demonstration of his Respect : For being in Company , where mention was made of your Ladiship , not so honourable indeed as I could have wished , or your Quality and Character might have required ; I took occasion to do Justice to your Merit : Gentlemen , said I , you do my Lady wrong ; for my own part I must profess , I think her a very agreeable Woman . You cannot be serious sure , replies a certain Gentleman , who had more Malice than Wit ; in my whole Life , I never saw so hideous a Complexion . Sir , said I , 't is unjustly done , to find fault with a Complexion , which is none of her own ; if her Face displeases you , blame her Woman who made it . But I hope , returned he , you will not deny , but that she is Red-hair'd : With submission , Sir , I do , to my certain knowledge she has not one hair on her Head. But then her Teeth , all the World must allow are execrable . I deny it , Sir , for she has but one that is bad . But you must grant me her Chin is too long by three Inches . But do you apprehend the Reason ? 'T is because her Neck is too short by two . I see , Sir , said he , with some little heat , you are obstinately bent to oppose the Power of Truth ; but I hope you are not so far prejudiced , as to maintain her Breath to be sweet ? That Infirmity , Sir , replied I , is the Effect of the Foulness of her Lungs , and not of her Mouth ; and , if her Lungs are rotten , is it her Ladiship 's Fault , or Nature's . And then her Ga●e , says he , is the most disagreeble in the World. You have betrayed at once , Sir , said I , both your Malice , and your Ignorance ; if you had the least Acquaintance with her Ladiship , you must have known better ; Alas ! poor Lady ! she has not walkt without Crutches these ten Years . But then her Conduct , I hope you will not undertake to justifie that ; how does it become old Eve , think you , to Patch , and Paint , Intrigue , read Romances , and Love-verses , talk Smuttily , look Amorously , dress Youthfully ; insomuch , that if it were not for her Looks , you could not distinguish her from her Daughter . Under favour , Sir , you mistake , 't is her Grand-daughter you mean. And then to keep a young Fellow of five and twenty to satisfie her brutal Lust. 'T is false , I have heard Mr. — affirm a thousand times she was Insatiable . He would have proceeded in his Defamations , but I desired him to omit all farther Discourse on that Subject , for that I could not , with Patience , support , that a Woman of your Ladiship 's Merit , and Virtue , and a Woman for whom I had so particular an Honour , should be so impudently Vilified and Blasphemed to my Face . I hope by this time you are made sensible , Madam , that I am quite another Per-son , than you apprehended me to be , and that I am so far from having any disrespectful Thoughts of your Ladiship , that no one of your Grand-children , the nearest Relation you have remaining , could have gone farther in your Vindication . But I would not have you attribute my Defence of your Ladiship , altogether to Respect ; give it a tenderer , and truer Name , and call it Love. I say Love ; for let me die , Madam , if I have not a violent Passion for your Ladiship . I know you may very well suspect the Truth of what I say ; for Love in me , you will tell me , ought to imply Beauty in you . But Love , you know very well , creates Beauty no less frequently , than Beauty does Love. And if by the help of Imagination , I can find out Charms in you , which no Body else can discover ; I think I have reasonable Foundation enough for my Passion : there is something , I know not where to fix it , 't is not in your Face or Shape , or Mien , or Air , or any part of your Body ; much less in your Mind : but something there is so very agreeable , something I know not what , nor where , so bewitching that 't is not in my power to defend my Heart against you . Perhaps the malicious World will say you are Old ; but we know old Wine intoxicates more than new ; and an aged Oak , is stronger than a young one . 'T is with your Ladiship 's Beauty , as with old Buildings when they fall , it destroys with its Ruins . As I profess my self an Admirer of Antiquity , by consequence I should have no small Passion for your Ladiship : For I must tell you , Madam , there are finer Fragments of Antiquity in your Face , than any Greece or Italy can boast of ; and more Beauty lies buried in one Wrinkle of yours , than in the Ruins of the most stately Arches , or most magnificent Temples . You cannot therefore question the Sincerity of my Profession , when I tell you I am , Madam , with all Reality , Your Ladiship 's most passionate Adorer , and most obedient , humble Servant . To a Lady that had got an Inflamation in her Eyes . Madam , YOu will hardly believe , perhaps , how much People talk of your Indisposition . The late Eclipse , when the Sun it self was in Labour , occasion'd not half the Discourse , as the present Distress your Eyes are in , throughout the whole Empire of your Beauty , that is throughout the whole Kingdom . Nothing is more generally talk'd of , or more universally lamented . Those beautiful Eyes , which were wont to spread Joy in all Hearts , now diffuse Sorrow in every Breast : at the same time they raise different Passions ; the Women pity what they envy , and the Men lament what they adore . 'T is true , there are some discontented Persons , that perhaps have formerly felt your Rigour , who let drop bold Expressions ; they say , your Eyes are deservedly punish'd , for the many Violences and Barbarities they have committed ; that 't is but just they should be afflicted , who have made so many poor Men suffer ; and that it seems a manifest Judgment of Heaven , that the Distemper shou'd attacque you in the very Place where you assault Mankind . These are the Murmurs of some few Men , Madam , whom we except from the Multitudes who bewail the Calamities of your Eyes . Sir Thomas — , who you know speaks fine things , did me the honour of a Visit Yesterday , and commands me to tell you , That had he as many Eyes as Argus , to give yours one Moment's ease , he wou'd pluck them all out , and throw them , as he wou'd himself , and his Fetters , at your Feet . For my own part , Madam , who have but two Eyes , one of 'em is at your Ladiship 's Service , the other I am unwilling to lose , because I am unwilling to lose the sight of you . Your grave Vnkle likewise gives his Service to you ; 't was my Fortune to meet him at my Lady — 's Lodgings , where your Ladiship , and your present Indisposition , being the Subject of our Discourse , the old Gentleman , who moralises on every thing under the Sun , lifting up his Eyes to Heaven , and laying his Hand upon his sage Breast , Alas ! says he , see the Vanity of all Things here below ! See , Ladies , see Gentlemen , see how frail is Beauty ! how uncertain its Possession ! the finest Eyes in the Universe are in danger of losing their beautiful Lustre ! How imperfect are the most perfect Things ! Alas , alas , Vanity of Vanity , all is Vanity , says the Preacher . When the Oracle had ceased , Sir , said I , ( with an affected grave Look ) I remember well , you were wont frequently to tax your Niece with Pride ; don't you think Providence design'd this present Affliction as a Lesson of Humility to her ? Does it not seem the very Intention of Heaven , by this Indisposition , that those very Eyes which may justly make her proud , shou'd teach her to be humble : that where she is strongest , she shou'd find her self weak : that where she is most divine , she shou'd confess her self mortal . Very religiously and solidly reflected , says old Solomon ; I profess I am surprized to find so much Maturity in so much Youth : Go on in the Ways of Wisdom and prosper . Thus , Madam , like a faithful Historian , as I am , I have related to you , what is the Discourse of the World upon this Infirmity ; but I am sensible , I have made your Ladiship 's Patience suffer , by the unfashionable Length of my Letter , which I fear will give your Eyes , in the Weakness they are in at present , too much pain in the reading . I shall conclude , with my Advice and my Wish : My Advice , That you wou'd take care of the finest Eyes in the World. My Wish , That the Flame were remov'd from your Eyes to your Heart . I am , Madam , Your Ladiship 's most obedient Servant . To Mr. B — in Covent-garden . An Account of a Journey to Exon , &c. Apr. 8. 1700. AS we have one good Quality in our Sex beyond what yours can boast of , that is , seldom to make a Promise but with a Design to keep it ; I have therefore been careful to let you see I cannot easily forget any thing which so great an Obligation as my Word hath engag'd me to remember : And as there was nothing needful but a bare Remembrance of my Promise to induce me to preserve it , so I hope , on your part , there will be nothing more requir'd to render what I have sent you acceptable than a Willingness to receive it : I confess I have given you but a rude Account of my Journey , every part just scribled o'er with as much freedom as 't was acted , wanting leisure to put it in any other than a loose Morning-dress , not questioning but it may please you as well without the Formalities of Stile as a pretty Woman without Stays may some of your Acquaintance . In the first place I shall give you a rough Draught of those discording Mortals our Company was compos'd of in the Stage-coach , ( viz. ) A Barrister at Law , an Attorny's Clark , a Cornish Justice , a Tailor , and a Valet to a Parliament-man that would be , but some dispute arising in the Election prevents me fixing his Title , that had I been travelling in a Dutch Scout or a Gravesend Tilt-boat , I could not have been treated with less Manners , or teas'd with more Im-pertinence The Justice , notwithstanding the Government 's Care for the Reformation of Vice , was as drunk as a Dutch Captain before he engages , and , for the first Day , talk'd of nothing but Fox-hounds , March-beer , Warrants , Whipping-posts and Vagabonds , Hallowing as laudably in every interval of his Nonsence , as if he had been riding threequarter-speed at the very Heels of his Beagles , larding his other Qualifications now and then with a Scrap of an old Hunting Song , with a Hey down , ho down , &c. which gave me good reason to suspect he had been much more conversant with Robin Hood's Balads than with Keeble's Statutes , understanding the latter I believe as much as a German Jugler does Necromancy , or a Lord-Mayor State-Policy . The Limbs of the Law were much disturb'd at his Bawling , for I conceive they love no Bodies Noise but their own . They desir'd him to sleep ; but he cry'd , Zounds , Sir , I win 't sleep ; I din't care a F — t for your Anger , I 'm a Justice of Peace , and worth thirty Thousand Pound , and am the head Man where I live ; and By G — d , if you come to Lancton , I 'll give you a Glass of the best March-Beer you ever drank in your Life : but I will make a Noise if I please . I was in hopes of seeing Law and Justice fall together by the Ears , but at last Justice slept and the Law got the better by surviving it . The Tailor , had you seen him , you wou'd have sworn he had been broke by the Jubilee Beaus , for he had Lines of Faith in his Face , and his Clothes bore the Marks of Poverty ; he complain'd very much of Trusting : I find 't is a common Calamity , and ruins more Families than the Royal Oak-Lottery . The Valet personated his Master to a Tittle , and was as arrogant and noisie as e'er a Country ' Squire in England . Now , if I were to be hang'd , I can't tell who had most Manners of all these : The Lawyer slept Dogs-sleep most part of the Way , I suppose the better to ruminate on the Causes he had in hand . The Clark was as impertinent as a Midwife at a Gossipping , and I as dull as an old Woman at a Funeral . They fail'd not to Eat and Drink heartily upon the Road , nor to make me club to the Reckoning ; Justice and Law were both of a side in that particular ; and , the Court of Equity being very chargeable , I chose to submit upon any Terms , rather than seek for Remedy . After the Fatigue of four Days , which might serve for a reasonable Penance for all the Sins I ever committed in my Life , I arriv'd at Exon , where we met the Judges entering the Town in as much Triumph as ever Caesar did Rome after a Victory ; the High-Sheriff rode in as much State as a Colonel of the City Train-bands , and much in the same order , only the Sheriff march'd in the Rear of his Army , and the other in the Front. The next Day being Sunday , call'd by the Natives of this Country Maze-Sunday , ( and indeed not without some reason , for the People look'd as if they were gallied ) I was wak'd by the tremendous Sound of a Horse-trumpet , I imagin'd some Monster was to be seen , and , looking out of my Window , I saw several sorts , the first were Mrs. Sheriff and her Husband , ( for Women rule in this Climate , and therefore I give her the Preheminence ) in a triumphant Chariot ( erected on purpose for that Occasion ) with Dick and Doll crouding to see their Worships , as if it had been his Czarish Majesty ; the Custom it seems is to conduct them in this manner to the most magnificent Church of the place , where we will leave them to their several Ejaculations . I am your oblig'd Servant , You know who . The Answer . Madam , Apr. 22. 1700. I Received your Letter , and am glad to find by it , that you have got that by making a small Journey to Exeter , for which other People are forced to cross the Alps , and beat the Hoof to Rome , I mean the Remission of your Sins , which you think you have made a reasonable Attonement for , by suffering so much from the Impertinence of the Cornish Justice and the two Limbs of the Law. But , Madam , don't flatter your self , or think that your Chalk will be so easily wiped out . You have been a great Sinner in your time , and four Days Penance in a Stage-Coach will hardly attone for the Sins you have committed : And , because we are too apt to be over-favourable to our selves , give me leave , Madam , to awaken your Conscience out of this dangerous State of Security , by laying before you some of the many Sins you are accountable for : Imprimis , Here are People in Town that charge you with Murders numberless ; and , unless you heartily repent of them , and promise to commit no more , I find but little hopes of you . Yes , Madam , you are charged with Murder , with this horrid Aggravation too on your side , That whereas other Assassines only murder their Enemies , or such as they suspect to be so , you make no scruple to kill your Lovers that throw themselves at your Feet , and wou'd purchase a single Smile from you at a seven Years Service . In the next place , You are accused of Theft . Set your Hand to your Heart , Madam , and do but consider how many of those valuable Commodities you have stolen in your time , yet never had the Conscience to restore them to the right Owners . What makes the Crime worse in you , you have added Sacrilege to Theft , and stole away Peoples Hearts at Church , in the time of Divine Service , and in the sight of Moses and Aaron . You 'll tell me , perhaps , that this is no Theft , and that if Men will put their Hearts upon you , how can you help it . But Madam , some People gave them you , who had no right to dispose of them , as I cou'd instance in a thousand married Men that sighed for you , and , according to the ancient Proverb , the Receiver is as bad as the Thief , for they stole 'em from their Wives to bestow 'em upon you . Thirdly and lastly , Madam , you have not only your own Sins but those of other People to answer for . How many Women have you made guilty of the horrid Sin of Detraction , and tell a thousand malicious Stories of you , only because you were handsomer than they , and consulted with that wicked Privy-counsellor , your Looking-glass , to appear so ? How many Men have you made guilty of Perjury , and made them forsake their former Vows , to sacrifice 'em to you ? Thus , Madam , I have made bold to lay some of your Sins before you . Should I undertake to send you a full Catalogue of them , I should have as fine time on 't , as the Commissioners , that are to inspect publick Accounts . Therefore never think that your Exeter Journy has compounded for them . I wou'd advise you this holy Year of Jubilee , to turn your Face towards Rome ; but , alas , you 'd spoil the Devotion of all the Pilgrims there , that according to our last Advices , are above a hundred thousand strong . In short , Madam , I don't know what course to advise to ; only don't stay long in the Country , for that wou'd be to Trespass against a positive Text , and to put your Candle under a Bushel . Come to Town as soon as you can , and begin to make Restitution in the Place where you have done the most Mischief . You desire , in my Answer , I shou'd transmit you some News : I assure you , Madam , there is not enough stirring about Town to make an Alderman's Jaws wag , that the City News-hounds sit as hush over their Coffee , as so many English-men in a Tavern when the Drawer has brought the Reckoning : But however , for once , I will strain a Point to oblige you . Notwithstanding the late War in Flanders , and the present Year of Jubilee , have rid the Nation of abundance of Fools , yet Knaves are every Term as thick in Westminster-hall , and Cuckolds every Day as numerous upon Change , as if they had still , without loss , preserv'd their ancient Number . Marriages this Easter , by the Computation of the Clarks of Maribone , Pancras , Minories , Dukes-place , and Knights-bridge , are decreas'd from the last Year's Account by several Hundreds , to the great disap̄pointment of the Clergy ; yet the Number of Maids , 't is generally believ'd , are as few as ever , to the Discredit of the Protestant Religion , the Dishonour of the Nation , and the great Scandal of the Reforming-Society . Poetasters are grown as numerous in this Town as Quack-Doctors at London , and every one so applies himself to the Stage , that the White-fryars Printers are quite beggar'd for want of Balads : Yet Wit , I observe , is as scarce as 't was in the time of Jeffry Chaucer , when a Distich of Verses were worth a Page of Prose , and a Song , with a Fa-la-la Chorus , was much more listen'd to than a Sermon . Discretion in married Women , is here grown as scarce as Modesty in Maids ; they so forward their Daughters , by their own foolish Talk and Example , that the pretty Miss at Seven , instead of a Rattle , talks of nothing but a Husband , and the young Lady at Eleven is as ripe in her Thoughts and as pert in her Behaviour as if her Education had been in a Brothel instead of a Dancing-school . I know , Madam , some of this News must seem strange to a Woman of your Vertues , but the more surprising generally the more acceptable , especially if it be true ; for which reason I sent it you to supply the scarcity of such as might have been more welcome , and therefore beg your acceptance of it in room of better , from , Madam , Your humble Servant To Dr. Garth . WHether your Letter or your Prescription has made me well , I protest I cannot tell ; but thus much I can say , that as the one was the most nauseous thing I ever knew , so the other was the most entertaining . I would gladly ascribe my Cure to the last ; and , if so , your Practice will become so universal you must keep a Secretary as well as an Apothecary . The Observations I have made are these , that your Prescription staid not long with me , but your Letter has , especially that part of it where you told me I was not altogether out of your Memory : You 'll find me much alter'd in every thing when you see me , but in my esteem for your self : I , that was as lank as a Crane , when I left you at London , am now as plump as an Ortolan . I have left off my false Calves , and had yesterday a great Belly laid to me . A facetious Widow , who is my Confident in this Affair , says you ought to Father the Child ; for He that lends a Man a Sword is in some part accessary to the Mischief is done with it ; however , I 'll forgive you the inconvenience you 've put me to . I believe you were not aware you were giving Life to two People . Pray let me have a Consolatory Letter from you upon this new Calamity ; for nothing can be so welcome , excepting Rain in this Sandy Country where we live . The Widow saith , she resolves to be sick , on purpose to be acquainted with you : But I tell her she 'll relish your Prescriptions better in full Health : And if at this distance you can do her no Service , pray prescribe her Your humble Servant , T. M. To his Poetical Friend , advising him to Study the Mathematicks . Out of Quevedo . AT length , my Friend , I begin to awake out of those Dreams and Visions , which the reading of Verses and Poems has so long plung'd me in . My middle Years put all those Delusions to a stand ; I have now some moderate Esteem for other Thoughts besides Images and Descriptions . I am not in my former Extasies at every Metaphor , and can almost bear the Rapture of a fine Turn . Poetry , believe me , leads the Reader , as well as the Knight , into an enchanted World : The Objects are all there drest in false Colours , and nothing appears in its due proportion . But if it deceives us in all things abroad , what Disorders and Confusion does it raise at home ? By feeding the Mind with Delicacies , it makes it mad after Pleasure , and lets all the Passions loose upon us . Our Joys it blows up too high , and makes our Griefs sit heavier ; and , what is yet worse , it kindles in us that foolish Passion Love , the ruine of our Ease and Dotage even in Youth . Whereas Mathematics improves all our Faculties , makes the Judgment stronger and the Memory take in more . The Dull it teaches to Perceive , and the Giddy to Attend . It distinguishes between True and False , and enures us to Difficulties : Besides , it gives us a thousand Advantages in Life . By this the Miser counts his Bags , and the Country-man knows his Times and Seasons . This gives our Cannon aim in War , and in Peace furnishes every Workman with his Tools . How many noble Engines has it invented ? In one the Wind labours for us , and another turns Bogs and Pools into firm Land. This builds us Houses , defends our Towns and makes the Sea useful . Nor are its Effects less wonderful than advantagious . The Mathematician can do more things than any Poet e'er yet conceiv'd . He in a Map can contract Asia to a Span , and in a Glass shew a City from a single House , and an Army from a Man. He can set the Heavens a thousand Years forward , and call all the Stars by their Names . There is scarce any thing without his reach ; He can gauge the Channel of the Sea , and weigh Saturn . He sees farthest into the Art and Skill of the Creator , and can write the best Comment on the six Days Work. Be advis'd therefore to employ your self rather in the improving of your Understanding , than debauching of your Passions , and to prefer Realities before Appearances . In my mind , to make a Dial is harder than to find a Motto to it , and a Prospect drawn in Lines pleasanter than one in Words . Instead of Descriptions of cool Groves and flowry Gardens , you may inform your self of the Situation and Extent of Empires , and while others are wandring in Elysian-fields and fancy'd Shades below , you may raise your Thoughts to the Infinity of Space above , and visit all those Worlds that shine upon us here : Think most of Mercury when he is farthest off the Sun , and mind little in Venus but her Periodic Motion . To let you see I have got the start of you , I now follow the old Rule of , Nulla dies sine Lineâ , and am so far advanc'd in Geometry that I defie any Man to make a rounder Circle , or cut a Line in two more nicely than my self . I am well vers'd in Squares , am no stranger to the Doctrine of Proportion , and have transpos'd A , B , C , D , in all the Mathematical Anagrams they are capable of . My Chamber I have survey'd five times over , and have at length found out a convenient Place for a South-dial . I am at present about a Bargain of Pins , which you shall soon see dispos'd into Bastions and Counterscarps . I felt at first , I must confess a great Confusion in my Head between Rhimes and Angles , Fiction and Demonstration . But at length Virgil has resign'd to Euclid , and Poetical Feet and Numbers to their Namesakes in Geometry and Arithmetic . In short , I write altogether upon Slate , where I make Paralels instead of Couplets and Describe nothing but a Circle . Let me for the future therefore catch no Poet in your Hands , unless it be Aratus or Dyonisius , and follow my Council , unless you can make one of these Studies subservient to the other , your Poetry wise and learn'd , and your Mathematics pleasant and Ingenious . I am , Sir , Yours , &c. To William Joy , the strong Kentishman , from the Lady C — . Dropt out of her Foot-man's Pocket , and taken up by a Chair-man in the Pall-mall . SIR , I Saw you Yesterday , with satisfaction , exerting your Parts in Dorset-garden ; on that very Theatre where I have frequently beheld the Alexanders , the Caesars , the Hercules , the Almanzors , the greatest Heroes of Greece or Italy , of ancient or modern Times , taking Towns , sacking Cities , overturning Empires , singly routing whole Armies , but yet performing less Wonders than You. Yet , I must tell you , it grieves me to see so Noble a Talent mis-employed , and that Strength thrown away upon undeserving Horses , that cannot reward your Labour , which might much better divert the requiting Woman . Meet me therefore , thou puissant Man , in another Garden , on a better Theatre , where you may employ your Abilities with more Profit to Yourself and Satisfaction to the expecting MELESINDA . The End of the First Part. LETTERS OF Friendship , AND Several other OCCASIONS : The Second Part. Written by Mr. Dryden , Mr. Wycherly , Mr. — Mr. Congreve , and Mr. Dennis . WITH LETTERS written between Mr. Dennis and Mr. Congreve , Concerning Humour in Ancient and Modern Comedy . London : Printed for Sam. Briscoe , in Russel-street in Covent-garden , MDCC . To the Right Honourable Charles Montague , Esq. One of the Lords of the Treasury , Chancellor of the Exchequer ; and one of His Majesty's most Honourable Privy-Council . SIR , AS soon as I had resolv'd to make this Address to you , that the Present might not be altogether unworthy of you , I took care to obtain the Consent of my Friends to publish some Letters , which they had writ as Answers to mine . When I look upon my self , I find I have reason to beg Pardon for my Presumption : But when I consider those Gentlemen , I am encourag'd to hope that you will not be offended to find your self at the Head of no Vulgar Company ; a Company , whose Names and Desert are universally known , a Company rais'd far above the Level of Mankind by their own extraordinary Merit , and yet proud to do Homage to yours . They are Gentlemen , 't is true , who are divided in their Interests , and who differ in their Politick Principles , but they agree in their Judgments of Things , which all the World admires , and they always consent when they speak of you . In presenting this little Book to you , I only design'd to shew my Zeal and my Gratitude ; but they assure me unanimously , that I have likewise shewn my Judgment . Tho' indeed , Sir , the number of the Great , who cast a favourable Eye upon Human Learning , is not so considerable , but that a Man who would Address any thing of this nature to one of them , may soon determine his Choice . Proficients in other Arts are encouraged by Profit , which is their main Design , but he who bestows all his time upon Human Studies is incited by Glory alone , and the World takes care that he should have no more than he seeks for . The Enthusiast , the Quack , the Pettifogger , are rewarded for torturing , and for deluding Men ; but Humanity has met with very barbarous Usage , only for Pleasing , and for Instructing them . The very Court , which draws most of its Ornament from it , has but too often neglected it ; there Learning in general has been disregarded : For none but great Souls are capable of great Designs , and few Courtiers have had Greatness of Mind enough to procure the Promotion of Science , which is the Exaltation of Human Nature , and the Enlargement of the Empire of Reason . Our Ministers of State have formerly behaved themselves with so much Indifference , as if it would have lessen'd them to have taken any care of Letters : They have shewn themselves as perfectly unconcern'd , as if not one had discover'd , that at a time when our Neighbours are grown so knowing , the Publick Safety depends on the Progress of Learning , and that to Patronize Science , is to take care of the State. Besides , too many of our States-men have been engag'd in unjust Designs . Most of our Politicians have done their Endeavour to encroach on the Crown , or to attempt on the People . Few have had Capacity and Integrity enough to keep the Balance so steady , as to maintain Prerogative at once , and assert Privilege ; to serve the King Zealously , and their Country Faithfully ; to possess at the same time the Favour of the one , and the Hearts of the other , to such a degree as to be courted by the People to serve as their Representative , at the very time that they are employ'd by the King in Mat●rs of the highest Importance . Instead of that , most of them have had reason to be afraid of the King or the Commons ; and Men who have been sollicitous for their own Safety , have seldom appear'd concern'd for the good of others . Few then have been and are in a Condition to be Protectors of Learning , and therefore those happy Few , deserve all the Honours which we are able to pay them . Of those , Sir , you appear in the foremost Rank , and are to the Commonwealth of Learning what you are to the State , a great Defence and a shining Ornament . You have warmly encouraged all sorts of Studies , but have been justly and nobly partial to those , for which the State has made no Provision : Which is enough to gain you the Esteem of all who have any Regard for Learning ; and to win the very Souls of all , who , like me , are charm'd with the softer Studies of Humanity . For which your Zeal has been so diffusive , that it has extended it self even to me , tho' a bare Inclination to cultivate Eloquence and Poetry , was the only thing which could recommend me to you : Yet even this has been encourag'd by the Promise of your Protection , and by the Humanity of your Receiving me : The Access which I have had to you , has been the greatest Obligation that you could lay upon a Man who has still valu'd Merit above all the World , and who has sought his Improvement more than he has his Advancement . When I have at any time approach'd you , I have found in you none of those Forbidding Qualities , of which they accuse the Great : Instead of those , I have found an Attractive and a Humane Greatness , the generous Sincerity of the Man of Honour , joyn'd with the Grace and Complaisance of the Courtier , and a Deportment Noble without Pride , and Modest without Descending . Nature has made me something averse from making my Court to Fortune : But I am proud to attend upon real Greatness ; and to wait upon you , since first you encouraged me , has been at once my Duty and my Ambition . The Permission which you gave me to approach you , was so great an Incitement to me , that I believe it might have brought me to write well , if I had not a very just reason to resolve to attempt it no more . You had given me one great Encouragement before I had the honour to see you , and that was , by leaving off Writing your self . For Vanity is a greater Incitement to Poets than Pensions , and even Want depresses the Spirits less than the thought of being surpassed . Therefore while Mr. Montague sung , he sung alone . We admir'd indeed our Conquering Monarch , but we admir'd in Silence . We rever'd the Greatness of your Genius , and neglected our Talents . Indeed the Strength and Sweetness of your Voice was fit to charm us alone , and we , who followed , were only fit for the Chorus . But you have left a Province , which you have made your own , to the Administration of those who are under you , and are gone on in your victorious Progress to the Acquisition of new Glory . From which I am sensible that I detract by detaining you : For your Actions are your best Encomiums , and the loud Consent of the Nation your best Panegyrick . It was a glorious one that was spoken to you by the People of Westminster , in the Request that they made to you to serve as their Member in the present Parliament , at a time when they were Caballing all over the Kingdom , and Gentlemen were depriving Peasants of their little Reason , in order to obtain their Voices ; Mr. Montague's Merit , while he was silent , sollicited for him so importunately , that it prevail'd upon a number of considerable Inhabitants of the Politer Parts of the Town , to come and make it their humble Request to you , to Honour them by Representing them , which puts me in mind of a Saying of De la Bruiere , That the People are then at their height of Happiness , when their King makes Choice for his Confidents , and for his Ministers , of the very same Persons that the People would have chosen , if the Choice had been in their Power . This , at present , is our own Case ; for doubtless the same People , who , without any Brigue or the least Corruption , came voluntarily to entreat you to suffer them to place you in the Great Council of the Kingdom , would , if the Choice had been in their power , have plac'd you in the Privy-Council ; and they who frankly offer'd to trust you with the Disposal of the Mony which is in their Houses , would have trusted you , had it been in their power , with the Intendency of that in the Treasury . So that the Peoples Proffer to Chuse you , seems to me to be a loud Approbation of the Choice , which the King had made before of you , and of your Ministration upon that Choice . But I injure the Publick while I detain you : Yet give me leave to end with my zealous Wishes for you , that the Happiness may be multiplied on you , which you so nobly seek to communicate , that you may encrease in Riches and Honours faster than you advance in Years , till you arrive at that Height of Prosperity which may be answerable to your high Desert , and till Fortune may be said to pour down her Gifts upon you , in Emulation of Art and Nature : Yet Envy after all shall be forced to declare , that Mr. Montague sprung from an Illustrious Stock , and loaded with Plenty and Honours , is yet Nobler by Desert , than he is by Descent , and Greater by Virtue than he is by Fortune ; I am , Sir , Your most humble and most obedient Servant , JOHN DENNIS . TO THE READER . I Once resolved to have along Preface before this little Book ; but the Impression has been so long retarded by the Fault of those who had the Care of it , that I have now neither Time nor Humour to execute what I intended . I shall therefore only give a Compendious Account of what I proposed to have treated of more at large : I designed , in the first place , to have said something of the Nature and of the End of a Letter , and thought to have prov'd that the Invention of it was to supply Conversation , and not to imitate it , for that nothing but the Dialogue was capable of doing that ; from whence I had drawn this Conlclusion , That the Style of a Letter was neither to come quite up to that of Conversation , nor yet to keep at too great a distance from it . After that , I determined to shew , That all Conversation is not familiar ; that it may be Ceremonius , that it may be Grave , nay , that it may be Sublime , or that Tragedy mnst be allow'd to be out of Nature : That if the Sublime were easy and unconstrain'd , it might be as consistent with the Epistolary Style , as it was with the Ditactique ; that Voiture had admirably joyn'd it with one of them , and Longinus with both . After this , I resolv'd to have said something of those who had most succeeded in Letters amongst the Ancients and Moderns , and to have treated of their Excellencies and their Defects : To have spoken more particularly of Cicero and Pliny amongst the Ancients , and amongst the Moderns of Balzac and Voiture ; to have shewn that Cicero is too simple , and no dry , and that Pliny is too affected , and too refined ; that one of them has too much of Art in him , and that both of them have too little of Nature . That the Elevation of Balzac was frequently forced , and his Sublime affected ; that his Thoughts were often above his Subject , and his Expression almost always above his Thoughts ; and that whatsoever his Subjects were , his Style was seldom alter'd : That Voiture was eafie and unconstrain'd , and natural when he was most exalted ; that he seldom endeavoured to be witty at the Expence of right Reason : but that , as his Thoughts were for the most part true and just , his Expression was often defective , and that his Style was too little diversifyed . That for my own part , as I came infinitely short of the extraordinary Qualities of these great Men , I thought my self obliged to endeavour the rather to avoid their Faults ; and that consequently I had taken all the care that I could , not to think out of Nature and good Sence , and neither to force nor neglect my Expressions ; and that I had always taken care to suit my Style to my Subject , whether it was Familiar or Sublime , or Didactique ; and that I had more or less varied it in every Letter . All this and more I designed to have said at large , which I have only hinted now in a Hurry . I have nothing to add , but to desire the Reader to excuse my bad Performance , upon the account of my good Endeavour , and for striving to do well in a manner of Writing , which is at all times useful , and at this time necessary ; a manner in which the English would surpass both the Ancients and Moderns , if they would but cultivate it , for the very same Reason that they have surpassed them in Comedy . But methinks , I have a Title to the Reader 's Favour , for I have more than made Amends for the Defects of my own Letters , by entertaining him with those of my Friends . A Collection of Letters . Written by several Eminent Hands . To Walter Moyle , Esq Dear Sir , YOU know a grave Fellow assures us , that upon the Cessation of Oracles , lamentable Cries were heard in the Air , proclaiming along the Coasts the Death of the Great Pan : And have not you upon this Dearth of good Sence , and this Cessation of Wit ! tell me truly ; have not you heard These Sounds upon the Cornish Shore , The Sage , Will. Ur. — is no more ? Gone is the Universal Lord of WIT ! He to whom all the Wits paid Homage ; For whom his Subjects set a Tax upon Words , and laid exorbitant Customs on Thoughts : He 's dead ; alas , he 's dead ! Dead , I mean , Sir , in a legal Capacity ; that is , Outlaw'd and gone into the Fryars ; to go into which , is once more to Outlaw himself : He has done it , Sir , and ill Fortune has brought him to be a Felo de se that way . For since the Law thought it but just to put Will out of its Protection , Will thought it but prudent to put himself out of its Power . And since the Law could use him with so much Contempt , as to declare to all the World that it does not care for Will. Vr — ; Will , who is extreamly stout in Adversity , has declar'd , by his Actions , That he does not care for the Law. Virgil tells us in his Sixth Book , that the Souls in Hell were busied about the same things in which they were employed upon Earth ; even so does Sage Will use the same Nutmeg-grater , and the same Tea-pot in the Fryars , that he handled before in Bowstreet . Thus has he left the Wits , without any Sorrow , tho' he loves them , and without taking any Leave of them . For Will thinks they cannot be long from him ; and he says , he expects that in a very little time his Old Company should be constant at his New House . And dost not thou think that they too have reason to expect the very same thing ? For as the Death of any Man ought to put all his Friends in mind , that he went before but to lead them the way ; so Will 's Departure from this miserable Life , this lewd Covent-garden Life , and his Ferrying from Somerset-stairs to the infernal Shore of Alsatia , should be a Memento to the rest of the Wits , that he is but gone whither they all must follow . To leave off Poetical Similies , this Body Politick is in a cursed Condition ; and cannot keep long together without a Head. The Members are at present in a grave Debate how to get one . To Morrow the Whole House will resolve it self into a grand Committee , to consult about Ways and Means of making Provission for the Common Necessities . Some talk of an Excise upon May-dew , and Rasberry-brandy : That there will be a Poll , is strongly asserted , in which every Man is to pay according to his respective Condition . To Morrow it will be known to how much each Man 's Quota amounts . As for Example : How much a Poet is to pay , how much a Wit , how much a Politician , and how much a Critick . A Critick , did I say ? I beg your Pardon : They have voted Nemine Contradicente , that they will Cess no Critick till Mr. Moyle returns . I have given them my Sentiments upon the forementioned Poll , which were , That it was something hard to make a Man pay for being call'd , Wit , Poet , or Critick ; That they saw by Experience lately in the State , that poor Dogs grumbled to pay for their Titles . How then could they think that People would be contented to be tax'd for their Nick-names ? That in setling this Tax they were to take a quite contrary Method , to that which was taken upon setling a Tax in the State. That in the State , sometimes a Man paid for what he really had ; As for Example , when a Country ' Sqnire paid for his Land or his Money ; and sometimes for what he really had not , as when a Cit that is twice dub'd , Knight by the King , and Cuckold by his Wife , pays for his Honour , and for his Children . The First of which is but as it were his , for it is really the King 's ; and the Second of which are but as it were his , for they are really the Courtier 's who help'd him to his Title . In the State too a Man is made to pay for something which he does , or for something which he does not . As a Jacobite pays so much for Swearing when he 's Drunk , and so much more for not Swearing when he 's Sober . But that in our Case , if we would be exactly Just , we should make People pay neither for what they have , nor for what they have not ; nor for what they do , nor for what they do not ; But should oblige them to pay only for pretending to have what they really have not , or for offering to do , what they are utterly incapable of doing . That thus the Tax would certainly fall upon the most solvent Part of the Body . For how ridiculous would it be to Tax a Man for having Poetry and Wit , when they are almost always signs , that he has not a Farthing to pay ? On the other side , how absurd would it be to tax him for a bare Want of those Qualities ? since when a Man is Dull without Pretending , 't is ten to one but he is Poor , for Riches make Men vain , and Vanity makes them affected . But he who is not much at his ease , is hardly at leisure for Affection ; and I have often seen , that when Vanity has thrown a Fop out of Nature , Necessity has brought him back again : But a rich Rogue will be sure to be always Pretending . Fortune takes pleasure in making those Vain , whom Nature before made Impotent , and both of them often conspire to finish a Coxcomb . Thus I would have none pay , but they who put Gravity upon us for Wisdom , Visions for Politicks , and Quibbles for Wit ; and I would have no Man at any Expence for being call'd a Poet , a Wit , or a Critick , unless it be by himself . It would be equally hard to lay a Tax upon any one , for his Ill Fortune , or for his Ill Nature , since they are things of which no Man is Master . But what ? A Sot cannot help his Vanity . Agreed : But then it makes him so much happier than he deserves to be , that he may well be contented to pay for it . I am your most humble Servant , JOHN DENNIS . To Mr. Wycherley , at Cleve , near Shrewsbury . Sir , WHile I venture to write these Lines to you , I take it to be my Interest not to consider you , as I hitherto always have done , and as for the future I always shall , viz. As Mr. Wycherley , as the greatest Comick-wit that ever England bred , as a Man sent purposely into the World , to Charm the Ears of the wittiest Men , and to ravish the Hearts of the most beautiful Women : No , Sir , that in writing to you I may assume some Spirit , I shall at present only consider you as the humble Hermit at Cleve ; Humble even in the full Possession of all those extraordinary Qualities , the knowledge of which has made me Proud. I must confess , that I have no great Opinion of that which Men generally call Humility . Humility in most Men is want of Heat ; 't is Phlegm , 't is Impotence , 't is a wretched Necessity , of which they who lie under it , vainly endeavour to make a Virtue . But in a Man of Mr. Wycherley's Make , 't is Choice , 't is Force of Mind , 't is a good , 't is a generous Condescension . And what Force of Mind is there not requisite to bend back a Soul by perpetual Reflection , which would be always rising , and eternally aspiring by virtue of its in-born Fire ? Yet yours , notwithstanding all its Power , cannot wholly depress its self , nor descend in every part of it . At the time that your Will vouchsafes to stoop , your Understanding soars ; your Writings are as bold as your Conversation is modest , ( though those are bold , as this is modest with Judgment ) and he who would do you Justice , must needs confess , that you are a very ambitious Writer , though a very humble Man. Yet your very Ambition has oblig'd Mankind : It has exalted Humane Nature , in raising your own by its most noble Efforts ; and that without boasting Preheminence . And surely it must be for this very reason that we feel a secret Pride , when we but read the Discoveries which you have made . Thus I cannot say what you are without Vanity , for never was Man exempt from it ; but I can say , that you have made use even of Vanity to humble you by way of Reflection , and that you have avoided that dangerous Effect of it , Vain-glory , the Rock upon which several great Wits before you have been seen to split . For you have always wisely considered , that Vain-glory in the Vulgar may be supportable , nay may be diverting ; but that in great Men it must be intollerable . That whereas in the First 't is want of Discernment , 't is Folly , 't is the Extravagance and Blindness of Self-love ; in the Last , 't is Crime , 't is Malice , 't is a secret and proud Design to Mortifie and Insult over the rest of Men , over whom they have so much advantage ; That it is for this very reason , that we so deeply resent and so severely revenge the mortal Affronts we receive from it . Great Wits were by Heaven predestin'd to Rule , to rule the Minds of others , the noblest Empire ; but when they grow outwardly Vain they grow Tyrants , and then their discontented Subjects rebel , and then they despose those Kings as Usurpers , whom before they obey'd as their lawful Monarchs . But a moderate , a good , and a gracious Prince , like you , commands their Hearts as well as their Understandings , and under one whom they love so well , they grow as proud , as they are pleas'd to obey . Our violent Inclinations make us belong to you , and therefore 't is the Interest even of our Pride , that you should long continue in the Place which your extraordinary Desert has attain'd . Did we nothing but esteem you as much as we do , we should certainly envy you ; if we did not hate you ; for bare Esteem is always forc'd upon us , whereas Inclination is much more voluntary : Besides , as a judicious French Man observes , Esteem is foreign , and comes from abroad , and is therefore received with Grumbling ; but Inclination is our own , and born in our Breasts , and is therefore Caress'd and Cherish'd . I might add , That upon this account , it is hard to wish well to those whom we very much esteem , if they have not likewise the Skill to make themselves be belov'd ; because barely to esteem depresses the Spirits , as much as to love very much exalts them ; it brings the Soul 〈◊〉 languid Temper , and gives it at once 〈◊〉 horrid Views of another's Excellencies , and of its own Infirmities ; but Affection gives it Agitation and Warmth ; and in the View of a Friend's Desert , it takes too much Pleasure , and too much Pride to consider its own Defects . 'T is true , that you are esteemed at this high Rate , you owe to your Wit and your Penetration ; but that you are esteem'd without Envy , that you are with Joy and Gladness esteem'd , you owe to this , that while the force of your Fancy and Judgment makes all the World admire you , you remain yourself unmov'd by it ; that while your Excellence fills all Mouths but yours , you alone appear to be unacquainted with it . Thus while by the Merit of your extraordinary Qualities , you are known to surpass all others , it plainly appears that you have beyond all this a Greatness of Soul , from whence you look down on your own Merit . An infallible Sign that the Talants which we admire in you are no Illusions , but real things , things that were born with you , and have been improv'd by you , and which you have not acquir'd : For Men are found to be Vainer , upon the account of those Qualities which they fondly believe they have , than of those which they really have ; and Hereditary Greatness gives Men 〈◊〉 to be humble , whereas Preferment occasions Pride . None but such real Greatness as yours can capacitate a Man to be truly humble ; for the Soul , which by Nature is not seated high , can hardly be said to descend . If I have insisted too long on this shining Subject , a Subject which is so conspicuous in you ; if you look upon this tedious Letter , as one of those various Persecutions which every eminent Virtue provokes ; I desire you to consider , that I have so many Obligations to this very Humility , that I look'd upon my self as oblig'd by Gratitude to say as much as I have done . For to what I owe the Happiness which I have frequently received in your Conversation ; to that I owe the present Satisfaction which your Permission to write to you gives me ; and to that I am indebted for the Hopes of your Answers ; when I have received them I shall then believe what you were pleas'd to tell me when I saw you last , that you are much more Humble in the clear Air on your Mountain at Cleve , than when you are in Fog and sulphurous Smoke in Bow-street . But at the same time , the Satisfaction of thinking that Distance does not make you forget me , will render him very Proud , who is at present , Sir , your very humble Servant , JOHN DENNIS . Mr. Wycherley's Answer to Mr. Dennis . Dear Sir , YOu have found a way to make me satisfyed with my Absence from London ; nay , what is more , with the Distance which is now betwixt you and me . That indeed uses to lessen Friendship , but gives me the greater Mark of yours by your kind Letter which I had miss'd if I had been nearer to you : So that I , who receive no Rents here , yet must own if I did , I cou'd not receive greater Satisfaction than I had from yours , worth even a Letter of Exchange , or Letters Pattents ; For I value your Friendship more than Money , and am prouder of your Approbation than I should be of Titles : For the having the good Opinion of one who knows Mankind so well , argues some Merit in me , upon which every Man ought to consider himself more , than upon the Goods of Fortune . I had rather be thought your Friend in proof of my Judgment and good Sense , than a Friend to the Muses ; and had rather have you than them thought mine . If I am as you say , at once Proud and Humble , 't is since I have known I have had the Honour to please you ; tho' your Praise rather humbles than makes me ( tho' a damn'd Poet ) more Vain . for it is so great , that it rather seems the Railery of a witty Man , than the Sincerity of a Friend ; and rather proves the Copiousness of your own Invention , than justifies the Fertility of mine . But I fear I am forfeiting the Character of the Plain-dealer with you ; and seem like vain Women or vainer Men , to refuse Praise , but to get more ; and so by returning your Compliments , shew my self grateful out of Interest , as Knaves are punctual in some Payments , but to augment their Credit . And for your Praise of my Humility , ( the only Mark of my Knowledge , since it is a Mark of my knowing my self , ) you have prais'd that to its Destruction , and have given me so much , you have left me none . like those Admirers who praise a young Maid's Modesty till they deprive her of it . But let me tell you , 't is not to my Humility that you owe my Friendship , but to my Ambition , since I can have no greater than to be esteem'd by you , and the World , your Friend , and to be known to all Mankind for , Dear Sir , your humble Servant , W. WYCHERLEY . POSTSCRIPT . My Dear Friend , I Have no way to shew my Love to you in my Absence , but by my Jealousie : I would not have my Rivals in your Friendship the C — s , the D — s , the W — s , and the rest of your Tavern-friends enjoy your Conversation while I cannot : Tho' , I confess , 't is to their Interest to make you dumb with Wine , that they may be heard in your Company ; tho' it were more the Demonstration of their Wit to hear you , than to be heard by you . For my own part , I am ambitious of your Company alone in some Solitude , where you and I might be all one . For I am sure if I can pretend to any Sence , I can have no Instruction or Satisfaction of Life , better than your Example and your Society . My Service pray , to all my Friends ; that is , to all yours whom I know : and be charitable ( as often as you can ) to the Absent ; which you good Wits seldom are ; I mean be charitable with your Letters to Your humble Servant . POSTSCRIPT . PRay let me have more of your Letters , tho' they would rally me with Compliments undeserv'd as your last has done ; for like a Country Esquire , I am in love with a Town Wit 's Conversation , tho' it be but at a Distance that I am forced to have it , and tho' it abuses me while I enjoy it . To Mr. Wycherley . Dear Sir , NOT long after I writ my last to you , I was hurried up to Town by a kind of a Cholick , which was ended in a Destruction upon one of my Feet . You know , Sir , a Defluction is a general name which some pleasant French Men have given an Infant Gout , too young to be yet baptiz'd . But tho' the Distemper rag'd in each Hand , I would in spight of it , answer your admirable Letter , a Letter which I had certainly known to be yours , tho' it had been sent me without a Name , nay and transcrib'd by a Chancery-Clerk in his own hideous manner of Copying . But I must confess I was surpriz'd to hear you say in it , that you took the Sincerity of a Man who so much esteems you for Railery , yet tho' you declare it , you can never believe it . I am willing to believe you exceeding humble ; but you can never be humble to that degree , unless your Mind , which resembles your Eye , in its Clearness , its Liveliness , and in its piercing Views , should be also like it in this , that plainly discerning all things else , it wants a sight of it self ; but in this it does not resemble it : For it beholds it self by Reflections , and like a lovely Maid at her Glass , is charm'd with the sight of its own Beauty . This is a sight in which you take Pride as well as Pleasure ; but yours I must confess is a guiltless Pride , it being nothing but first Motion , which it is impossible for Man to avoid . You have both the Force to subdue it immediately , and the Art and Goodness to conceal it from us . That it plainly appears from what I have said , that you do not believe I had any design to rally you . I am confident that through all my Letter there appears an Air of Sincerity . But that is a Virtue which has been so long and so peculiarly yours , that you may perhaps be jealous of it in your Friends , and disclaim some Virtues which they commend in you only to Monopolize that . You had given me , at least an occasion to think so , if the Railery in yours had not been so very apparent , that even I had Eyes to discern that you have been to blame in it , tho' I am doubly blinded with Love of you and my self . Yet if you writ it with a design to Mortifie me , assure your self that I shall fortifie my Vanity with that very Artillery with which you have begun to attack it . If Mr. Wycherley rallies me , it is certain that I have my Defects ; but it is full as certain , that he would never condescend to abuse me at such a distance if he wholly despis'd me . Thus , Sir , you see I am as reasonable with my Friend , as a Russian Spouse is with her Husband , and take his very Railery for a Mark of Esteem , as she does a Beating for a Proof of Affection . The very worst of your Qualities gain our Affections : Even your Jealousie is very obliging , which it could never be unless it were very groundless . But since your very Suspicion is obliging , what influence must your Kindness have on our Souls ? The Wish that I were with you in some Retirement , is engaging to that degree , that I almost repent that I so eagerly desir'd your Conversation before . For if it were possible I would augment that Desire as a grateful Return to yours . To be with you in Solitude would make me perfectly happy . Tho' it were in the Orcades , I would not wish my self remov'd to any happier Climate ; no , not even to that which contain'd my absent Mistress ; all that I could do for her on that occasion , would be to wish her with me . In that Retirement what should I not enjoy ? Where I should be admirably instructed without Trouble , and infinitely delighted without Vice , where I should be glorious at once with Envy and Quiet . For what could be more glorious , than to be the Companion of your Retreat ! My very Ambition instructs me to love such Solitude . Tho' , properly speaking , there can be no Solitude where you reside : Immortal Company still attends you , and the Virtues , the Graces , and the Charming Nine , who love the Groves , and are fond of you , follow you to remotest Retirements . The Comick Muse is more particularly yours ; and it is your peculiar Praise to allure the most Ravishing of all the Sisters after you into Retirement : To make that Goddess forsake the Crowd with you , who loves it most of the Nine : You have been constantly her Darling , her best Belov'd . Thus in Retirement with her and you , I should have the Conversation of Mankind ; I should enjoy it with all its Advantages , without its least Inconveniencies . In the Philosophy of your Actions and Words , I should see the Wise , the Good , and the truly Great ; in your Observations , and in your Railery , the Men of Sence , and the Men of Wit ; and in your Satyr , severely pleasant , the Fools and Rascals expos'd by it . In the Postscript to my last , I made an Apology for usurping a Style so foreign from this way of Writing . I have once more run into the same Fault in this , but the very Thought of Mr. Wycherley spreads a generous Warmth thro' me , and raises my Soul to Rapture . And when a Man writes , his Soul and his Style of necessity rise together . In my next I have something with which I must trouble you , that will require another manner of Writing . I am , &c. To Mr. Wycherley . Dear Sir , I Have been very ill ever since I took my Leave of you , so that I parted in one Night from all that I value most , that is , from my Health and you . However , Nature was kind in not failing to supply me with Vigour , till Fortune had depriv'd me of your Conversation , and I was got amongst People with whom I small occasion for Vigour . Yet even here in spight of Sickness and Absence I have made a shift to Converse with you : For I thought that your Works were the only things that could make me full Amends for the Loss of your Company : By them you have been able to give me Joy even in the midst of my Pain . For , the Country Wife , and the Plain Dealer are Stores of Delight , which you have laid up by a noble Charity , to supply the Poor in Spirit thro' all Posterity . So that I believe that to be one of the Reasons of Fortune's Pique to you , that you have put it out of her Power for the time to come , to prosecute her Quarrel to Men of Sence effectually : for by having recourse to you in your Works , they are sure to become more happy than . Fools , even at the time when they are less successful . But I can hold up my Head no longer at present , as soon as I am better you may expect a longer Letter from me . I am yours , &c. Mr. Wycherley to Mr. Dennis . Dear Sir , I Have received yours of the 20th of November , and am glad to find by it , that however your Friends are Losers by your Absence from the Town , you are a Gainer by it ; of your Health , which every one you have left behind you , ( but Ch — ) may be thought a Friend to : and the more each Man is your Friend , the more he is satisfy'd with pour Absence , which tho' it makes us ill for want of you , makes you well for want of us : your taking no Leave of me ( which you would excuse ) I take to be one of the greatest Kindnesses you ever shew'd me ; for I could no more see a Departing Friend from the Town , than a Departing Friend from this Life ; and sure 't is as much Kindness and good Breeding to steal from our Friends Society unknown to 'em , ( when we must leave 'em to their Trouble ) as it is to steal out of a Room , after a ceremonious Visit , to prevent Trouble to him , whom we would Oblige and Respect ; so that your last Fault ( as you call it ) is like the rest of your Faults , rather an Obligation than an Offence ; tho' the greatest Injury indeed you can do your Friends , is to leave 'em against their Will , which you must needs do . You tell me you converse with me in my Writings , I must confess then you suffer a great deal for me in my Absence , which ( tho' I would have you love me ) I would not have you do ; but for your truer Diversion , pray change my Country Wife for a better of your own in the Country , and exercise your own Plain Dealing there , then you will make your Country ' Squire better Company , and your Parson more sincere in your Company than his Pulpit , or in his Cups : But when you talk of Store of Delights you find in my Plain Dealer , you cease to be one ; and when you commend my Country Wife , you never were more a Courtier ; and I doubt not but you will like your next Neighbour's Country Wife better than you do mine , that you may pass your time , better than you can do with my Country Wife ; and like her Innocence more than her Wit , since Innocence is the better Bawd to Love ; but enjoy my Wife and welcome in my Absence , I shall take it as civilly as a City Cuckold : I was sorry to find by you that your Head ak'd whilst you writ me your Letter ; since I fear 't was from Reading my Works ( as you call them ) not from your own Writing , which never gave you Pain , tho' it would to others to Imitate it . I 've given your Service to your Friends at the Rose , who , since your Absence , own they ought not to go for the Witty Club ; nor is Will 's the Wits Coffee-house any more , since you left it , whose Society , for want of yours , is grown as Melancholy , that is , as dull as when you left them a Nights , to their own Mother-wit , their Puns , Couplets , or Quibbles ; therefore expect not a Witty Letter from any of them , no more than from me , since they , nor I have conversed with you these three Weeks . I have no News worth sending you , but my next shall bring you what we have . In the mean time let me tell you ( what I hope is no News to you ) that your Absence is more tedious to me , than a Quibbler's Company to you ; so that I being sick Yesterday , as I thought without any Cause , reflected you were forty or fifty Miles off , and then found the Reason of my Indisposition , for I cannot be well so far from you , who am , My Dear Mr. Dennis , Your obliged humble Servant , W. WYCHERLEY . POSTSCRIPT . PRay pardon me that I have not sooner answer'd your Letter , for I have been very busie this last Week about Law-affairs , that is , very Dull and Idle , tho' very Active . Your Friends of the Coffee-house and the Rose , whether Drunk or Sober , Good Fellows , or Good Wits , show at least their Sence , by valuing you and yours , and send you all their Service ; and never are more Wits and less Poets , that is , less Lyars , than when they profess themselves your Servants . For News , W — lives soberly , Ch — goes to bed early ; D'Vrfy sings now like a Poet , that is , without being ask'd : And all the Poets , or Wits-at-wills , since your departure speak well of the Absent . Bal — says his ill Looks proceed rather for want of your Company , than for having had that of his Mistress ; even the Quibblers and Politicians , have no double Meaning when they speak well of you . To Mr. Wycherley . Dear Sir , THE sight of your Letter reviv'd me : It appear'd like the Rays of the new Sun , to one who has winter'd under the Pole , and brought with it Light , Warmth , and Spirit . The Raillery in it was very obliging ; for the Lust of Praise is as powerful with Men , as the Itch of Enjoyment is with Women ; and it is as hard for us to think that our Friends ridicule us when they commend our Wit , as it is for them to believe that their Gallants abuse them when they extol their Beauty . Yet generally in both Cases , whatever is said , is said for the Satisfaction of him that speaks it . But then , as he delights in Deceiving , the Person to whom he speaks is deceiv'd with Pleasure , and both Parties are satisfied . But Mr. Wycherley is to be excepted from this general Rule , who commends his Friend for his Friend's sake . You never are witty to please your self , to whom Wit has so long been habitual , that you are often hardly mov'd your self when you say those admirable things with which we are transported . Not that I am so far betray'd by Vanity , as to take your Compliments at the Foot of the Letter , or to suppose that you believ'd all that you said ; but I am willing , for your sake , to believe that you meant something of it ; and that not being without Kindness for me , ( which is only owing to the Sweetness of your Nature , that is , to your Merit , and not to mine ; ) your Reason , as the Duke de la Rochefoucaut says , has been bubbled by your Affection . And here , Sir , I have much the Advantage of you ; for when I declare that I have the greatest Opinion in the World of you , none will mistrust my Sincerity , and all will applaud my Discernment ; but you cannot express your Zeal at so high a rate for any Friend , but it must considerably lessen the World's Opinion of your Judgment . But if it is Mr. Wycherley's peculiar Praise , never to have shewn Want of Judgment in any thing , unless in that only thing in which Errour is honourable : How few are they who are capable of Erring at your Rate ! Vellem in amicia sic erraremus , & isti Errori virtus nomen posuisset honestum . And how happy is the Man who has a Friend so accomplish'd , that Errour in him is Virtue ? I am that happy Man , and am so far exalted by my Happiness , that I am never less humble , than when I subscribe my self , Dear Sir , Your most humble and faithful Servant . Mr. Wycherley's to Mr. — on the Loss of his Mistress . Dear Sir , I Have had yours of the 31st of March , to which I should sooner have returned an Answer , had I not been forced to take a little turn out of Town ; but your Letter to me , brought me not more Satisfaction than your last to Mr. Moyle gave me Disquiet for you : Since by that I find how uneasie you are . Yet know , my Friend , from one sufficiently experienced in Love-disasters , that Love is often a kind of losing Loadam , in which the Loser is most often the Gainer . If you have been deprived of a Mistress , consider you have lost a Wife , and tho' you are disappointed of a short Satisfaction , you have likewise escaped a tedious Vexation , which Matrimony infallibly comes to be , one way or another ; so that your Misfortune is an Accident which your true Friends should rather felicitate than commiserate . You told me in your last , that you were no more Master of your self : Then how should I help Rejoycing at the Restoration of your Liberty ? A Man might as reasonably be sorry for his Friend's Recovery from Madness , as for his Recovery from Love , ( tho' for the time a pleasant Frenzy ; ) so that , your Mistress's Father , has rather been your Doctor than your Enemy : And you should not be angry with him , if he cures you of your Love-distemper , tho' by a Means a little too violent ; for next to his Daughter's Cure of Love , his may prove the best . Well , pray be not angry , that I can be pleas'd with any thing that can so much displease you : I own my Friendship for you , has a little Selfishness in it , for now you cannot be so happy as you wou'd in the Country , I hope you will make us as happy as we can be in Town , which we shall be as soon as we have your company : For know , my Friend , change of Air after a Love-distemper , may be as good as 't is after a Fever ; and therefore make haste to Town , where a great many Doctors have engaged to compleat your Cure. Your Friends will do any thing to root out the Remains of your Passion . The Witty Club will grow Grave to instruct you ; and the Grave Club will grow Gay to delight you ; Wh — will turn a Philosopher ; and I will grow a Good-Fellow , and venture my own Health , for the Recovery of your good Humour ; for I had rather be sick in your Company , than for want of it ; who am , Dear Sir , Your most unalterable Friend , and humble Servant , W. WYCHERLEY . POSTSCRIPT . PRay pardon me for not writing to you before , or rather for writing to you so dully now , which I hope will be my best Excuse for my not writing sooner . All your Friends of the Coffee-house are well ; and what is no News to you , are , in spight of your Absence , your constant humble Servants . The Answer to Mr. Wycherley . Dear Sir , I Have a colourable Excuse for my Silence , for when you went out of Town , you gave me the hopes of receiving a Letter from you , as soon as you arriv'd at Cleve . Besides , since that , I have been a Month in Northamptonshire . But the Inclination which I have to converse with Mr. Wycherley , is too violent to receive any Check from Punctillo's . But , alas , I was restrain'd by too just an Impediment : For ever since I saw you , I have been so rackt by a cruel Passion , that I have had no Power to do any thing but to to Complain . And your Portion of Melancholy is not so small , that you have need to be troubled with another Man's Spleen . I would be sure to communicate my Happiness to my Friend , nay , I could be but half happy if I did not communicate it . As in Love I never could be pleas'd to a Height with my own Pleasure , if I did not find that it added to that of my Mistress . But I should impart my ill Humour to my Friend , if I found that it were not in his Power to ease me , and that it were much in his Inclination , with as much Regret , as I should acquaint him with his own ill Fortune , if I were clearly convinc'd that it were not in my Power to assist him . You would not advise me to stifle this Passion . You are too well acquainted with Love , and me , to do that : You know that that would be to perswade me to a thing which you are already sensible that I am very willing and very unable to do . I blush while I show this Weakness , but sure there is some Force of Mind requir'd to shew some sorts of Weakness . You remember the Maxim of the wise Duke : La meme fermete qui sert a Resister al'amour , Sertauffi queque fois a le rendre violent & durable . If that be true , I beseech you to believe that this obstinate Lover is a constant Friend too , and unalterably , Dear Sir , Your most humble Servant . Mr. Wycherley's Letter to Mr. — Dear Sir , I Lately received from you so kind , and so witty a Reproach for my not writing to you , that I can hardly repent me of my Fault , since it has been the Occasion of my receiving so much Satisfaction : But you have had a reasonable Excuse for your Silence , since you say I promis'd to write to you first , which is very true ; and I had kept my Promise , but for my Conjecture that you could not stay so long out of Northamptonshire ; nor was I , it seems mistaken in that . But be assur'd , dear Sir , I think there can be no better End , or Design of my Writing , than in its procuring me the Satisfaction of receiving something of yours ; especially , since I have no other way left me now of Conversing with you . But it seems , you forbear to relieve me out of Charity , since you say your Trouble was so great , that you were unwilling to communicate it to me to mine . I see your Wit can do any thing , make an Omission of a Kindness a greater Obligation ; and if you complain but to your Mistress , as wittily as you do to your Friend , I wonder not at her Cruelty , nor that she should take Pleasure to hear you Complain so long . But , my Friend , have a care of Complaining to her , with so much true Sence , lest it should disparage your true Love ; and indeed , that I fear is the only Cause you are suffer'd to Complain so long , without the Success which is due to your Merit , Love , and Wit , from one who , you say , has her self so much ; which , with your Pardon , I shall hardly believe , tho' you are her Voucher , if she does not do what you wou'd have her ; that is , do you and herself Reason as fast as she can ; since she must needs believe you a warm and sincere Lover , as much as I believe you a zealous and a true Friend . And I am so well acquainted with Love and you , that I believe no body is able to alter your Love , or advise your Reason ; the one being as Unalterable as the other Infallible ; and you ( for ought I know ) are the only Man who at once can Love and be Wise. And to the Wise , you know , a Word is enough ; especially since you gave me a Caution against opposing your Passion ; because it would be in vain . If Love be in you as in other Men , a violent Passion , it is therefore a short Frenzy , and should be cur'd like other Distempers of that kind , by your Friends humouring it , rather than opposing it . Yet pardon me , if I prescribe the common Remedy of curing one Love with another . But whether you will let me be your Doctor or no , I must at least wish you well , who am , Dear Sir , your most obliged affectionate Friend , and humble Servant , W. WYCHERLEY . POSTSCRIPT . PRay thank my Friend Mr. W. — for putting his Surtout of a Letter over yours of a finer Stuff , as the Lining of a Garment is often finer than the Outside . Pray give all the honest Gentlemen of the Coffee-house , of my Acquaintance and yours , my humble Service ; whom , with you I hope to see again , within this three Weeks , at London . Mr. Dennis to Mr. Wycherley . Dear Sir , A Man who has the Vanity of pretending to Write , must certainly love you extremely well , if he does not hate you after he has received from you such a Letter as yours : And he must undoubtedly shew a great deal of Friendship , when he assures you he does not envy you the very Lines by which you commend him . A Man had need be very well acquainted with the Goodness of your Nature , to be satisfied that you do not praise with a wicked Design to mortifie . There are few Writers so humble , whom Mr. Wycherley's Commendation would not render vain ; but then there are few Writers so proud , whom the Wit that Mr. Wycherley shews in commending them , would not humble . So that a Man , who did not know you , wou'd be apt to believe that whenever you write to Phraise , you do but like a Wrestler who lifts People up on purpose to throw them down , and the higher he raises them , makes their Fall the greater . Your Commendation is to a modest Man , what the second Bottle is to a sober Man ; it raises his Vigour while he is swallowing it ; but the Wit is as sure to make the one Melancholy upon mature Reflection , as the Wine is certain to leave the other Spiritless after the third Concoction : But our Infirmity cannot be your Fault ; to whom we are oblig'd for your generous Intentions , which give you such a peculiar Distinction from ordinary Men of Wit. Indeed , by a just and a noble Confidence , which you may repose in your self , you may always very safely commend ; because you may be always sure to surpass . 'T is prudent and noble at once in a Conqueror to extol the Conquered : To praise the Excellence which he o'ercomes , is but to commend himself : Besides , it wins the very Heart and Soul of him that is overcome , if he has but Virtue enough to be so subdued ; and makes him willing to leave his last Retrenchment . It would long since have had that Effect upon me , if the rest of your good Qualities had not prevented it ; which have so closely and so entirely tied me to you , that whenever I receive a Letter from you , my Vanity is sure to gain on the one side , what it is certain to lose on the other : For if I am mortified as to my own Wit , I do not fail to value my self upon yours . I am , &c. To Mr. Wycherley , That a Block-head is better qualified for Business than a Man of Wit. Dear Sir , THE last time I was at Will 's , I had the Mortification to hear , that our Friend Mr. — had met with a Disappointment in — ; at which , some , who were present , were glad , affirming , That Success would have thrown him out of his Element ; for that a Man of Wit is not qualified for Business so well as a Block-head : I have since had some Thoughts concerning that matter which I here send you , and of which I desire your Opinion . Upon Reflection I have found out the following Reasons , why Block-heads are thought to be fittest for Business , and why they really succeed in it . First , As their Brains are a great deal colder , than those are of Men of Wit , they must have but very strait Imaginations , and very barren Inventions ; from whence it follows that they have but few Thoughts , and that a few Objects fill their Capacities . Secondly , It is reasonable enough to believe , that since they are uncapable of many Thoughts , those few which they have , are determin'd by their Necessities , their Appetites , and their Desires , to what they call their Fortunes and their Establishments . Thirdly , It is not very hard to conceive , that since a Block-head has but a few Thoughts , and perhaps but one all his Life-time , which is his Interest , he should have it more perfect , and better digested , then Men of Wit have the same Thought , who perhaps have a thousand every Hour . Fourthly , It is easie to comprehend , that since such a one has but a few Thoughts , or perhaps but one , which by often revolving in his Mind , he has digested , and brought to perfection , he should readily pass from Thought to Action . For he must grow weary of Thinking so often of one and the same thing ; and since the Nature of the Soul requires Agitation , as soon as his little Speculation ceases , he must of necessity act to divert himself . Fifthly , It will be certainly found , that as a little Thought often makes a Man active in Business , so a little Judgment often makes him diligent ; for he may well be eager in the Pursuit of those things , on which , seduced by Passion and Vulgar Opinion , he sets an exorbitant Value ; and concerning whose Natures and Incertainty he is not very capable of making solid Reflections . For tho' Prudence may oblige a Man to secure a Competency , yet never was any one by right Reason induced to seek Superfluities . Sixthly , Penury of Thoughts supposes Littleness of Soul , which is often requisite for the succeeding in Business : For a Blockhead is sordid enough to descend to Trick and Artifice , which in Business are often necessary to procure Success ; unless they are more than supplied , by a Prudence deriv'd from a consummate Experience , or from a great Capacity . Thus have I endeavour'd to give the Reason , why a Fool succeeds better in Business than a Man of Wit ; who has a multitude of Thoughts , and which fly at the noblest Objects ; and who finds that there is something so pleasing , and so noble , in Thinking rightly , and more especially in the sublime Speculations of exalted Reason , that he finds it intollerably irksome to descend to Action , and abhors the very Thought of being diligent in things , for which he has an extream Contempt . Thus you 〈◊〉 that in some measure , a Fool may be said to be better fitted out for Business , than a Man of Wit. But it is high time to distinguish : For , first , when I say that a Block-head is fitted for Business , I mean only for little Business : For to affirm , that he is qualified for Affairs that require Extent of Capacity , would be a Contradiction in Terms . Secondly , When I affirm , that a Man of Wit is less capacitated for Business , I mean that he is less so , as long as he keeps in his natural Temper , and remains in a State of Tranquility : But if once he comes to be thrown out of that by the Force of a violent Passion , and fir'd with Zeal for his Country's Service , or enflam'd by Ambition , and Business can be made subservient to the gratifying of those Passions , then I dare boldly affirm , that one Man of Wit will go further than a thousand of those who want it . Of which it would be easie to give more than one Instance amongst our present Ministers . But I will be contented with putting you in mind , that none of the Romans had more Wit than Caesar , and none of the French than Richelieu . Before I conclude , I must give you a Caution ; which is , That by the Word Blockhead , I do not mean one that is stupid , but that I apply that word according to the Language of you Men of Wit , to one who thinks but a little : And that on the other side , by a Man of Wit , I do not mean every Coxcomb whose Imagination has got the Ascendant of his little Reason ; but a Man like you , Sir , or our most ingenious Friend , in whom Fancy and Judgment are like a well-match'd Pair ; the first like an extraordinary Wife , that appears always Beautiful , and always Charming , yet is at all times Decent , and at all times Chast ; the second like a prudent and well-bred Husband , whose very Sway shews his Complaisance , and whose very Indulgence shews his Authority , I am , dear Sir , your most humble Servant , JOHN DENNIS . To Mr. Dryden . Sir , THo' no Man writes to his Friend with greater Ease , or with more Chearfulness , than my self ; and tho' I have lately had the Presumption to place you at the Head of that small Party , nevertheless I have experienc'd , with Grief , that in writing to you I have not found my old Facility . Since I came to this place I have taken up my Pen several times in order to write to you , but have constantly at the very beginning found my self damp'd and disabled ; upon which I have been apt to believe that extraordinary Esteem may sometimes make the Mind as Impotent as a violent Love does the Body , and that the vehement Desire we have to exert it , extremely decays our Ability . I have heard of more than one lusty Gallant , who , tho' he could at any time , with Readiness and Vigour , possess the Woman whom he lov'd but moderately , yet when he has been about to give his Darling Mistress , whom he has vehemently and long desir'd , the first last Proof of his Passion , has found on a sudden that his Body has jaded and grown resty under his Soul , and gone backward the faster , the more he has spurr'd it forward . Esteem has wrought a like Effect upon my Mind ; my extraordinary Inclination to shew that I honour you at an extraordinary rate , and to shew it in words that might not be altogether unworthy Mr. Dryden's Perusal , incapacitates me to perform the very Action to which it incites me , and Nature sinks in me under the fierce Effort . But I hope you will have the Goodness to pardon a Weakness that proceeds from a Cause like this , and to consider that I had pleas'd you more if I had honoured you less . Who knows but that yet I may please you , if you encourage me to mend my Fault ? To which , if you know but the Place I am in , Charity would engage you , tho' Justice could not oblige you : For I am here in a Desart , depriv'd of Company , and depriv'd of News ; in a Place where I can hear nothing at all of the Publick ; and what proves it ten times more a Desart , nothing at all of you : For all who are at present concern'd for their Country's Honour , hearken more after your Preparatives , than those for the next Campaign . These last may possibly turn to our Confusion , so uncertain are the Events of War ; but we know that whatever you undertake must prove Glorious to England ; and tho' the French may meet with Success in the Field , by you we are sure to Conquer them . In War there are a thousand unlook'd-for Accidents which happens every Day , and Fortune appears no where more like her self ; but in a Combat of Wit , the more Humane Contention , and the more Glorious Quarrel , Merit will be always sure to prevail : And therefore , tho' I can but hope that the Confederate Forces will give Chase to De Lorge and Luxemburgh , I am very confident that Boileau and Racine will be forced to submit to you . Judge therefore , if I , who very much love my Country , and who so much esteem you , must not with a great deal of Impatience expect to hear from you . I am , Sir , your most humble Servant . To Mr. Dryden . Dear Sir , YOu may see already by this presumptuous Greeting , that Encouragement gives us as much Assurance to Friendship , as it imparts to Love : You may see too , that a Friend may sometimes proceed to acknowledge Affection , by the very same Degrees by which a Lover declares his Passion . This last , at first , confesses Esteem , yet owns no Passion but Admiration : But as soon as he is animated by one kind Expression , his Look , his Style , and his very Soul are altered ; but as Sovereign Beauties know very well , that he who confesses he Esteems and Admires them , implies that he Loves them , or is enclin'd to Love them ; a Person of Mr. Dryden's exalted Genius , can discern very well , that when we Esteem him highly , 't is Respect restrains us if we say no more . For where great Esteem is without Affection , 't is often attended with Envy , if not with Hate ; which Passions detract , even when they commend , and Silence is their highest Panegyric . 'T is indeed impossible , that I should refuse to Love a Man , who has so often given me all the Pleasure that the most insatiable Mind can desire ; when at any time I have been dejected by Disappointments , or tormented by cruel Passions , the Recourse to your Verses has calm'd my Soul , or rais'd it to Transports which made it contemn Tranquility . But tho' you have so often given me all the Pleasure I was able to bear , I have reason to complain of you on this account , that you have confin'd my Delight to a narrower Compass : Suckling , Cowley , and Denham , who formerly ravish'd me in ev'ry part of them , now appear Tastless to me in most ; and Waller himself , with all his Gallantry , and all that admirable Art of his Turns , appears three quarters Prose to me . Thus 't is plain that your Muse has done me an Injury ; but she has made me Amends for it : For she is like those extraordinary Women , who , besides the Regularity of their charming Features , besides their engaging Wit , have secret , unaccountable , enchanting Graces , which tho' they have been long and often enjoy'd , make them always New and always Desirable . I return you my hearty Thanks for your most obliging Letter . I had been very unreasonable if I had repin'd that the Favour arriv'd no sooner : 'T is allowable to grumble at the Delaying a Payment , but to murmur at the Deferring a Benefit , is to be impudently Ungrateful beforehand . The Commendations which you give me , exceedingly sooth my Vanity : For you with a Breath can bestow or confirm Reputation ; a whole numberless People proclaims the Praise which you give , and the Judgments of three mighty Kingdoms appear to depend upon yours . The People gave me some little Applause before ; but to whom , when they are in Humour , will they not give it ? and to whom , when they are Froward will they not refuse it ? Reputation with them depends upon Chance , unless they are guided by those above them : They are but the Keepers as it were of the Lottery which Fortune sets up for Renown ; upon which Fame is bound to attend with her Trumpet , and Sound when Men draw the Prizes . Thus I had rather have your Approbation than the Applause of Fame Her Commendation argues Good Luck , but Mr. Dryden's implies Desert . Whatever low Opinion I have hitherto had of my self , I have so great a Value for your Judgment , that , for the sake of that , I shall be willing henceforward to believe that I am not wholly Desertless ; but that you may find me still more Supportable , I shall endeavour to compensate whatever I want in those glittering Qualities , by which the World is dazled , with Truth , with Faith , and with Zeal to serve you ; Qualities which , for their Rarity , might be Objects of Wonder , but that Men dare not appear to admire them , because their Admiration would manifestly declare their Want of ' em . Thus , Sir , let me assure you , that tho' you are acquainted with several Gentlemen , whose Eloquence and Wit may capacitate them to offer their Service with more Address to you , yet no one can declare himself , with greater Chearfulness , or with greater Fidelity , or with more profound Respect than my self , Sir , your most , &c. Mr. Dryden to Mr. Dennis . My dear Mr. Dennis , WHen I read a Letter so full of my Commendations , as your last , I cannot but consider you as the Master of a vast Treasure , who , having more than enough for your self , are forc'd to Ebb out upon your Friends . You have indeed the best Right to give them , since you have them in Propriety ; but they are no more mine when I receive them , than the Light of the Moon can be allowed to be her own , who shines but by the Reflection of her Brother . Your own Poetry is a more powerful Example , to prove that the Modern Writers may enter into Comparison with the Ancients , than any which Perrault could produce in France ; yet neither he , nor you , who are a better Critick , can persuade me that there is any room left for a solid Commendation at this time of Day , at least for me . If I undertake the Translation of Virgil , the little which I can perform will shew at least , that no Man is fit to write after him , in a barbarous modern Tongue : Neither will his Machines be of any service to a Christian Poet. We see how ineffectually they have been try'd by Tasso , and by Ariosto . 'T is using them too dully if we only make Devils of his Gods : As if , for Example , I would raise a Storm , and make use of Eolus , with this only Difference of calling him Prince of the Air. What Invention of mine would there be in this ? or who would not see Virgil thorough me , only the same Trick play'd over again by a bungling Juggler ? Boileau has well observed , that it is an easie matter , in a Christian Poem , for God to bring the Devil to Reason . I think I have given a better Hint for new Machines in my Preface to Juvenal , where I have particularly recommended two Subjects , one of king Arthur's Conquest of the Saxons , and the other of the Black Prince in his Conquest of Spain . But the Guardian Angels of Monarchies and Kingdoms , are not to be touch'd by every Hand . A Man must be deeply conversant in the Platonick Philosophy to deal with them : And therefore I may reasonably expect that no Poet of our Age will pre-sume to handle those Machines , for fear of discovering his own Ignorance ; or if he should , he might perhaps be Ingrateful enough not to own me for his Benefactor . After I have confess'd thus much of our Modern Heroick Poetry , I cannot but conclude with Mr. Rym — , that our English Comedy is far beyond any thing of the Ancients . And notwithstanding our Irregularities , so is our Tragedy . Shakespear had a Genius for it ; and we know , in spite of Mr. R — that Genius alone is a greater Virtue ( if I may so call it ) than all other Qualifications put together . You see what Success this learned Critick has found in the World , after his Blaspheming Shakespear . Almost all the Faults which he has discover'd are truly there ; Yet who will read Mr. Rym — , or not read Shakespear ? For my own part , I reverence Mr. Rym — 's Learning , but I detest his Ill Nature and his Arrogance . I indeed , and such as I , have reason to be afraid of him , but Shakespear has not . There is another Part of Poetry in which the English stand almost upon an equal Foot with the Antients ; and 't is that which we call Pindarique ; introduced , but not perfected by our Famous Mr. Cowley : and of this , Sir , you are certainly one of the greatest Masters : You have the Sublimity of Sence as well as Sound , and know how far the Boldness of a Poet may lawfully extend . I could wish you would cultivate this kind of Ode ; and reduce it either to the same Measure which Pinder us'd , or give new Measures of your own . For , as it is , it looks like a vast Tract of Land newly discover'd . The Soil is wonderfully fruitful , but unmanur'd , overstock'd with Inhabitants ; but almost all Salvages , without Laws , Arts , Arms , or Policy . I remember poor Nat. Lee , who was then upon the Verge of Madness , yet made a sober , and a witty Answer to a bad Poet , who told him , It was an easie thing to write like a Madman . No , said he , 't is very difficult to write like a Madman ; but 't is a very easie matter to write like a Fool. Otway and He are safe by Death from all Attacks , but we poor Poets Militant ( to use Mr. Cowley's Expression ) are at the Mercy of wretched Scribblers : and when they cannot fasten upon our Verses , they fall upon our Morals , our Principles of State and Religion . For my Principles of Religion , I will not justifie them to you : I know yours are far different . For the same reason I shall say nothing of my Principles of State : I believe you in yours follow the Dictates of your Reason , as I in mine do those of my Conscience . If I thought my self in an Error I would retract it ; I am sure that I suffer for them ; and Milton makes even the Devil say , That no Creature is in love with Pain . For my Morals , betwixt Man and Man , I am not to be my own Judge ; I appeal to the World if I have Deceiv'd or Defrauded any Man : And for my private Conversation , they who see me every Day can be the best Witnesses , whether or no it be Blameless and Inoffensive . Hitherto I have no reason to complain that Men of either Party shun my Company . I have never been an impudent Beggar at the Doors of Noble Men : My Visits have indeed been too rare to be unacceptable ; and but just enough to testifie my Gratitude for their Bounty ; which I have frequently received , but always unask'd , as themselves will witness . I have written more than I needed to you on this Subject : for I dare say , you justifie me to your self . As for that which I first intended for the principal Subject of this Letter , which is my Friend's Passion , and his Design of Marriage , on better consideration I have chang'd my Mind : For having had the Honour to see my dear Friend Wycherley's Letter to him on that Occasion , I find nothing to be added or amended . But as well as I love Mr. Wycherley , I confess I love my self so well , that I will not shew how much I am inferiour to him in Wit and Judgment , by undertaking any thing after him . There is Moses and the Prophets in his Counsel : Jupiter and Juno , as the Poets tell us , made Tiresias their Umpire , in a certain merry Despute , which fell out in Heav'n betwixt them : Tiresias you know had been of both Sexes , and therefore was a proper Judge ; our Friend , Mr. Wycherley , is full as competent an Arbitrator : He has been a Batchelor , and Marry'd Man , and is now a Widower . Virgil says of Ceneus , Nunc vir nunc Faemina Ceneus , Rursus & in veterem fato revoluta figuram . Yet , I suppose , he will not give any large Commendations to his middle State ; nor as the Sailer said , will be fond , after a Shipwrack , to put to Sea again . If my Friend will adventure after this , I can but wish him a good Wind , as being his ; and , My dear Mr. Dennis , your most Affectionate and most Faithful Servant , JOHN DRYDEN . Written for my Lady C — , to her Cousin W — of the Temple . By Mr. Dennis . After she had received from him a Copy of Verses on her Beauty . Cousin , I Received yours with the Verses inclos'd , and here return you my hearty Thanks for the Face , the Shape , the Meen , which you have so generously bestow'd upon me . From looking upon your Verses I went to my Glass : But , Jesu ! the Difference ! Tho' I bought it to Flatter me , yet compar'd to you , I found it a Plain Dealer : It show'd me immediately that I have been a great deal more beholding to you , than I have been to Nature ; for she only form'd me not Frightful ; but you have made me Divine . But as you have been a great deal kinder than Nature has been to me , I think my self obliged , in Requital , to be a good deal more Liberal than Heav'n has been to you , and to allow you as large a Stock of Wit as you have giv'n me of Beauty : Since so Honest a Gentleman as your self , has stretcht his Conscience to commend my Person , I am bound in Gratitude to do Violence to my Reason , to extol your Verses . When I left the Town , I desir'd you to furnish me with the News of the Place , and the first thing I have receiv'd from you , is a Copy of Verses on my Beauty ; by which you dexterously infer , that the most extraordinary Piece of News you can send me , is to tell me , that I am Handsom . By which ingenious Inference , you had infallibly brought the Scandal of a Wit upon you , if your Verses had not stood up in you Justification . But tell me truly , Cousin , could you think that I should prove so easie a Creature as to believe all that you have said of me ? How could you find in your Heart to make such a Fool of me , and such a Cheat of your self ; to intoxicate me with Flattery , and draw me in to Truck my little Stock of Wit and Judgment , for a meer Imagination of Beauty ; when the real thing too , falls so infinitely short of what you would make me exchange for the very Fancy of it ? For , Cousin , there is this considerable Difference between the Merit of Wit and Beauty : That Men are never violently influenc'd by Beauty , unless it has weaken'd their Reason ; and never seel half the Force of Wit , unless their Judgments are sound . The principal time in which those of your Sex admire Beauty in ours , is between Seventeen and Thirty ; that is , after they are past their Innocence , and before they are come to their Judgment . And now , Cousin , have not you been commend-ing a pretty Quality in me , to admire which , as I have just shewn you , supposes not only a corrupted Will , but a raw Understanding : Besides , how frail , how transitory is it ! Nature deprives us of it at thirty , if Diseases spare it till then : By which constant Proceeding , she seems to imply , that she gives it us as a Gugaw to please us in the Childhood of our Reasons ; and takes it from us , as a thing below us , when we come to Years of Discretion . Thus , Cousin , have you been commending a Quality in me , which has nothing of true Merit in it , and of which I have no greater a Share , than to keep me from being scandalous . So that all I could have got by your Kindness , if I had parted with my Judgment , in order to reap the Benefit of it , had been nothing but wretched Conceit , and rediculous Affectation . If I thought you had enough of the gallant Man in you , to take what I say in good part , I would advise you to engage no further in Poetry : Be rul'd by a Woman for once , and mind your Cook upon Littleton . Rather Pettifog than Flatter : for if you are resolved to be a Cheat , you will show at least some Conscience , in resolving rather to chouse People of their Money , than to bubble them of their Understandings . Besides , Cousin , you have not a Genius which will make a Great Poet , and be pleased to consider , that a Small Poet is a scandalous Wight ; that indifferent Verses are very bad ones ; and that an insipid Panegytic upon another is a severe Libal upon your self . Besides , there will start up a Satyr one Day , and then Woe be to cold Rimers . Old England is not yet so barren , but there will arise some generous Spirit , who , besides a Stock of Wit and good Sence , which are no very common Qualities , will not only be furnished with a sound Judgment , which is an extraordinary Talent ; but with a true Tast for Eloquence and Wit , which is scarce any-where to be found ; and which comprehends not only a just Discernment , but a fine Penetration , and a dilicate Criticism . Such a Satyrist as this , Cousin , must arise , and therefore you had best take care , by a judicious Silence , that whenever he appears , he may be sure to Divert you , and not Afflict you . I am , &c. To Mr — , at Will 's Coffee-house , in Covent-garden . I Received your Panegyrick upon Pun's , which I so approve of , that I am resolved to get it printed , and bouud up with Erasmus his Praise of Folly. Yet to confess a Truth , I was something dissatisfied to see Quibbling commended with so much Wit : For nothing can be writ with more Wit , than your Letter to the Reserve of the Quibbles ; which I suppose you inserted amongst so many things which are so finely said , lest these should have render'd you too vain , or too much have mortify'd me : But pray , after this Panegyrick upon Quibbles , give me leave to ask you the same Question that the Lacedemonians ask'd the Sophister , who harangu'd in the Praise of Hercules : By the way , did you ever expect to hear a Quibble compar'd to Hercules ? There 's a Simile for you . I think , as Novel says , that 's New. You , who are cry'd up for so great a Wit , tell me , without Envy , could you ever have thought upon that ? But to return to my Question : Here you have spent a great deal of time in the Defence of Quibbles . Who said a Word against them ? The Devil a Syllable did I mention of them in mine . It is true , I cited honest Mr. Sw — , but it is a hard Case , if the Quoting an Author must be construed the Condemning his Works : I have a great Respect and Kindness for Mr. Sw — , as I have for all who have any Excellence . And truly , I think that for the Management of Quibbles and Dice , there is no Man alive comes near him . And let me tell you , Sir , for all your new Emulation , he is a better Quibbler than you . But it is high time to give over Raillery : For if you were my Father a thousand times , let me die if I would not rigorously examine that part of your Letter which pretends to defend Quibbling . You say that I am too Nice , and that my Aversion has something in it , that is very like Affectation : But here you must give me leave to turn you own Simile upon you : Can a Man be justly accus'd of Niceness or Affectation , because he appears offended at a Stink ? When I tell you that Quibbling is extreamly foolish ; You know it is foolish enough , you reply ; but it is a foolish thing that diverts . And do you think this Knowledge of it will excuse the Folly ? Give me leave to resume the aforemention'd Simile : Suppose a Fellow who beaks Wind , should say to the Company , while they are cajoling their offended Noses with Snuff , Look you Gentlemen , I know I am a brutal Dog for this , this is very nasty , but Begad it is very Diverting : Would the Excuse , think you , be current ? A Quibble diverts : Right ; and so does a Hobby-horse , which in my Mind , for those who can be diverted without Reason , is the better Bawble of the two . A Quibble diverts : Jesu ! That this should be spoken at Will 's ? Can there be a more damnable Satyr upon Wit , than that so many Gentlemen who have so very much of it , should be fore'd to play the Fool to divert one another ? But , for God's sake , what do you mean when you say a Quibble diverts you ? It makes you laugh , I warrant : Why the greatest Coxcomb about the Town shall out-do you in Laughing at any time . Nature , who has dealt impartially with her Children , and who has given them but two Distinctions from Beasts , Reason and Laughter , has , where she has bestow'd the more of the One , conferr'd the less of the Other : And therefore a Coxcomb will laugh at nothing . Ay , that indeed , say you , is a Sign of a Fool. Well , my dear Friend , I have so much Kindness for thee , that out of thy own Mouth , thou shalt not be Judged : For if a Quibble is not Wit , it is nothing . But it is at as great a Distance from Wit , as an Idol is from the Deity ; and I will no more believe nauseous Equivocals to be Wit , because some Sots have admir'd them , than I will believe Garlick to be God , because the Aegyptians ador'd it : Nay , it is a more damnable Sign of Stupidity in an English Man , to make Wit of a Quibble , than it was in the Aegyptians , to make a God of their Garlick . But to return from whence I digressed ; I have never appear'd so much a Stoick , but that I have been as much for Diversion as any of you : But then am I for the Diversion of reasonable Men , and of Gentlemen . If there be any Diversion in Quibbling , it is a Diversion of which a Fool and a Porter is as capable as is the best of you . And therefore Ben. Johnson , who writ every thing with Judgment , and who knew the Scum of the People , whenever he brings in a Porter or Tankard-bearer , is sure to introduce him Quibbling . But if Punning be a Diversion , it is a very strange one : There is as much Difference between the silly Satisfaction which we have from a Quibble , and the ravishing Pleasure which we receive from a beautiful Thought , as there is betwixt a faint Salute and Fruition . But what would you have us do ? you cry . Men of the greatest Parts are no more to be found with Wit always about them , than rich Rogues with always the Ready . Why , look you , Sir , as the first Step to Wisdom is to be freed from Folly ; so the first Approach to Wit is a Contempt of Quibbling . If it happens at any time that you have not your Wit about you , we will either have patience till such time as you have , or take good Sence in the lieu of it : If you are not in a Condition to delight us , we will be contented to be Instructed ; we will make your Instruction nourish our Vanity , so turn even that to Delight . Nay , there is something noble in right Reason , and consequently something delightful . Truth is so divinely beautiful , that it must please eternally ; but Falshood is base , and must shock all generous Minds , and every Equivocal is but ambiguous Falshood , that is the pittiful'st , the basest of Falshood . To Walter Moyle , Esq Dear Sir , THo' you are already indebted a Letter to me , yet I think fit to give you Credit for another ; tho' perhaps you may little desire to run into Debt this way : But it is for two Reasons that I give you the trouble of this : For , in the first place , I am taking a turn for a little time into the Country , and I design that the Prevention of this should make some Amends for the Delay of my next . In the Second place , I have made some Provision of Scandal , which I am willing to make use of , before it grow stale upon my Hands . Just after I writ my last , I threw my self into a detach'd Party , which march'd from Will 's to Namure ; with the same Design that the Volunteers went to Brest , to keep out of the Fray , and be Spectators of the Action . However , before they were come to Blows , I went amongst the Tents , and had some Discourse with Major-General R — , whom I found to be Father to Mr. Bays his Parthenope . For the Major-General is a very honest Fellow , who sells Ale by the Town-Wall : We had the Satisfaction to see that the Town was taken , and the whole Siege was carried on as Sieges generally are , with a great deal more Noise than Mischief . On Monday last , which was the Second of September , I travell'd into the City , where I had the Satisfaction to see two very ridiculous Sights . The first was a Bawd carted for an Action which had some Relation to that memorable Day : For she was convicted of being an Accomplice in setting Fire to an Ancient and Venerable Pile of the City ; that is , she was found Guilty of being instrumental in the Clapping an Alderman . I stood in a Bookseller's Shop to see her pass , which Bookseller was packing up some Scoundrel Authors to send them away to the Plantations . These Authors are Criminals , which being sentenc'd to be Burut here , have at last found Grace , and got off with Transportation . You remember the terrible News that we heard at P — , which , as it sprung from a ridiculous Occasion , that is , my Lady Mayoress's Gossipping , has had a comical Consequence . For the Common Council have made an Order , by which my Lady Mayoress is dispens'd during the Wars , from seeing those Children born in the City , which are got in the Suburbs ; that is , from being present at one of their Wive's Labours . But 't is time to return to the Fair. Last Night I took a turn in the Cloisters , where I was entertain'd with a great many Dialogues between Vizour and Vallancy Wig , upon which I leave you to be Judge , whether my Eyes or my Ears were the better entertain'd of the two . For I heard a great deal of Unintelligible Language , address'd to a great many Invisible Faces . As if , because the Women had resolv'd not to be seen , the Men had determin'd not to be Understood ; and had in revenge eclips'd the Light of their Understanding by Fustian , as the others had obscur'd the Lustre of their Eyes by Velvet . Formerly the Ladies made use of White and Red to atract , but within these thirty Years black has succeeded , and the Devil is found more Tempting in his proper Colour . I have neither time nor place for any more : you shall have the rest by the first Opportunity . Yours , &c. To Mr. Congreve . Dear Sir , I Have now read over the Fox , in which , tho' I admire the Strength of Ben. Johnson's Judgment , yet I did not find it so accurate as I expected : For first the very thing upon which the whole Plot turns , and that is , the Discovery which Mosca makes to Bonario ; seems to me , to be very unreasonable . For I can see no Reason why he should make that Discovery which introduces Bonorio into his Master's House . For the Reason which the Poet makes Mosca give in the ninth Scene of the third Act , appears to be a very absurd one . Secondly , Corbaccio , the Father of Bonario , is expos'd for his Deafness , a personal Defect ; which is contrary to the end of Comedy-Instruction : For personal Defects cannot be amended ; and the exposing such , can never divert any but half-witted Men. It cannot fail to bring a thinking Man to reflect upon the Misery of Human Nature ; and into what he may fall himself without any Fault of his own . Thirdly , The Play has two Characters , which have nothing to do with the Design of it , which are to be look'd upon as Excrescencies . Lastly , the Character of Volpone is inconsistent with it self : Volpone is like Catiline , Alieni appetens , sui profusus ; but that is only a Double in his Nature , and not an Inconsistence . The Inconsistence of the Character appears in this , that Volpone in the fifth Act behaves himself like a giddy Coxcomb , in the Conduct of that very Affair which he manag'd so Craftily in the first four . In which the Poet offends , first , against that fam'd Rule which Horace gives for the Characters , Servetur ad imum , Qualis ab incepto processerit , & sibi constet . And , Secondly , Against Nature , upon which all the Rules are grounded : For so strange an Alteration , in so little a time , is not in Nature , unless it happens by the Accident of some violent Passion ; which is not the Case here . Volpone on the sudden behaves himself without common Discretion , in the Conduct of that very Affair which he had manag'd with so much Dexterity , for the space of three Years together . For why does he disguise himself ? Or , why does he repose the last Confidence in Mosca ? Why does he cause it to be given out that he 's dead ? Why , only to plague his Bubbles . To plague them , for what ? Why only for having been his Bubbles . So that here is the greatest Alteration in the World , in the space of twenty four Hours , without any apparent Cause . The Design of Volpone is to Cheat , he has carried on a Cheat for three Years together , with Cunning and with Success : and yet he , on a sudden , in cold Blood , does a thing which he cannot but know must endanger the ruining all . I am , dear Sir , your most humble Servant . To Mr. Congreve . Dear Sir , I Will not augment the Trouble which I give you by making an Apology for not giving it you sooner . Tho' I am heartily sorry that I kept such a Trifle as the Inclos'd , and a Trifle writ extempore , long enough to make you expect a labour'd Letter . But because in the Inclos'd , I have spoken particularly of Ben. Johnson's Fox , I desire to say three or four words of some of his Plays more generally : The Plots of the Fox , the Silent Woman , the Alchimist , are all of them very Artful . But the Intrigues of the Fox , and the Alchimist , seem to me to be more dexterously Perplex'd , than to be happily Disentangled . But the Gordian Knot in the Silent Woman is untyed with so much Felicity , that that alone may suffice to shew Ben. Johnson no ordinary Heroe . But then , perhaps , the Silent Woman may want the very Foundation of a good Comedy , which the other two cannot be said to want : For it seems to me , to be without a Moral . Upon which Absurdity , Ben. Johnson was driven by the Singularity of Morose's Character , which is too extravagant for Instruction , and fit , in my Opinion , only for Farce . For this seems to me , to constit ute the most essential Difference , betwixt Farce and Comedy , that the Follies which are expos'd in Farce are singular ; and those are particular , which are expos'd in Comedy . These last are those , with which some part of an Audiance may be suppos'd infected , and to which all may be suppos'd obnoxious . But the first are so very odd , that by reason of their monstrous Extravagance , they cannot be thought to concern an Audience ; and cannot be supposed to instruct them . For the rest of the Characters in these Plays , they are for the most part true , and most of the Humorous Characters Master-pieces . For Ben. Johnson's Fools , seem to shew his Wit a great deal more than his Men of Sence : I admire his Fops , and but barely esteem his Gentlemen . Ben. seems to draw Deformity more to the Life than Beauty : He is often so eager to pursue Folly , that he forgets to take Wit along with him . For the Dialogue , it seems to want very often that Spirit , that Grace , and that noble Railery , which are to be found in more modern Plays , and which are Virtues that ought to be inseparable from a finish'd Comedy . But there seems to be one thing more wanting than all the rest , and that is Passion , I mean that fine and that delicate Passion , by which the Soul shews its Politeness , ev'n in the midst of its Trouble . Now to touch a Passion is the surest way to Delight ; for nothing agitates like it : Agitation is the Health and Joy of the Soul , of which it is so entirely fond , that even then , when we imagine we seek Repose , we only seek Agitation . You know what a famous modern Critick has said of Comedy : Il faut que ses Acteurs badinent noblement , Que son Noeud bien forme se denoue aisement ; Que l'action Marchant ou la Raison la Guide , Ne se perde Jamma dans une Scens vuide , Que son Stile humble & doux se releue a propos , Que ses discours par tout fertiles enbons mots , Soient pleius de Passions finement maniees , Et les Scenes toujours l'une al'autre liee . I leave you to make the Application to Johnson — Whatever I have said my self of his Comedies , I submit to your better Judgment . For you , who , after Mr. Wycherley , are incomparably the best Writer of it living , ought to be allowed to be the best Judge too . I am yours , &c. Mr. Congreve , to Mr. Dennis . Concerning Humour in COMEDY . Dear Sir , YOu write to me , that you have entertained your self two or three days , with reading several Comedies , of several Authors ; and your Observation is , That there is more of Humour in our English Writers , than in any of the other Comick Poets , Ancient or Modern . You desire to know my Opinion , and at the same time my Thought , of that which is generally call'd Humour in Comedy . I agree with you , in an impartial Preference of our English Writers , in that particular . But if I tell you my Thoughts of Humour , I must at the same time confess , that what I take for true Humour , has not been so often written even by them , as is generally believed : And some who have valued themselves , and have been esteem'd by others , for that kind of Writing , have seldom touch'd upon it . To make this appear to the World , would require a long and labour'd Discourse , and such as I neither am able nor willing to undertake . But such little Remarks , as may be contain'd within the Compass of a Letter , and such unpremeditated Thoughts , as may be communicated between Friend and Friend , without incurring the Censure of the World , or setting up for a Dictator , you shall have from me , since you have enjoyn'd it . To define Humour , perhaps , where as difficult , as to define Wit ; for like that , it is of infinite Variety . To enumerate the several Humours of Men , were a Work as endless , as to sum up their several Opinions . And in my mind , the Quot homines tot Sententia , might have been more properly interpreted of Humour ; since there are many Men , of the same Opinion in many things , who are yet quite different in Humours . But tho' we cannot certainly tell what Wit is , or what Humour is , yet we may go near to shew something , which is not Wit or not Humour ; and yet often mistaken for both . And since I have mentioned Wit and Humour together , let me make the first Distinction between them , and observe to you , that Wit is often mistaken for Humour . I have observed , that when a few things have been wittily and pleasantly spoken by any Character in a Comedy , it has been very usual for those , who make their Remarks on a Play , while it is acting , to say , Such a thing is very humorously spoken ; There is a great deal of Humour in that Part. Thus the Character of the Person speaking , may be , surprisingly and pleasantly , is mistaken for a Character of Humour ; which indeed is a Character of Wit : But there is a great Difference between a Comedy , wherein there are many things humorously , as they call it , which is pleasantly spoken ; and one , where there are several Characters of Humour , distinguish'd by the particular and different Humours , appropriated to the several Persons represented , and which naturally arise from the different Constitutions , Complexions , and Dispositions of Men. The saying of Humorous Things , does not distinguish Characters ; for every Person in a Comedy may be allow'd to speak them . From a witty Man they are expected ; and even a Fool may be permitted to stumble on 'em by chance . Tho' I make a Difference betwixt Wit and Humour ; yet I do not think that Humorous Characters exclude Wit : No , but the manner of Wit should be adapted to the Humour . As for Instance , A Character of a Splenetick and Peevish Humour , should have a Satyrical Wit ; a Jolly and Sanguine Humour , should have a Facetious Wit : The former should speak positively ; the latter , carelesly : For the former observes , and shews things as they are ; the latter rather overlooks Nature , and speaks things as he would have them ; and his Wit and Humour have both of them a less Alloy of Judgment than the others . As Wit , so , its opposite , Folly , is sometimes mistaken for Humour . When a Poet brings a Character on the Stage , committing a thousand Absurdities , and talking Impertinencies , Roaring aloud , and Laughing immoderately , on every , or rather upon no occasion ; this is a Character of Humour . Is any thing more common , than to have a pretended Comedy , stuff'd with such Grotesque Figures , and Farce-Fools ? Things , that either are not in Nature , or if they are , are Monsters , and Births of Mischance ; and consequently as such , should be stifled , and huddled out of the way , like Sooterkins , that Mankind may not be shock'd with an appearing Possibility of the Degeneration of a God-like Species . For my part , I am as willing to Laugh , as any body , and as easily diverted with an Object truly ridiculous : but at the same time , I can never care for seeing things , that force me to entertain low Thoughts of my Nature . I don't know how it is with others , but I confess freely to you , I could never look long upon a Monkey , without very mortifying Reflections ; tho' I never heard any thing to the contrary , why that Creature is not Originally of a distinct Species . As I don't think Humour exclusive of Wit , neither do I think it inconsistent with Folly ; but I think the Follies should be only such , as Mens Humours may incline 'em to ; and not Follies intirely abstracted from both Humour and Nature . Sometimes personal Defects are misrepresented for Humours . I mean , sometimes Characters are barbarously exposed on the Stage , ridiculing natural Deformities , casual Defects in the Senses , and Infirmities of Age. Sure the Poet must both be very Ill-natur'd himself , and think his Audience so , when he proposes by shewing a Man deform'd , or deaf , or blind , to give them an agreeable Entertainment ; and hopes to raise their Mirth , by what is truly an agreeable of Compassion . But much need not to be laid upon this Head to any body , especially to you , who in one of your Letters to me concerning Mr. Johnson's Fox , have justly excepted against this Immoral Part of Ridicule in Corbaccio's Character ; and there I must agree with you to blame him , whom otherwise I cannot enough admire , for his great Mastery of true Humour in Comedy . External Habit of Body is often mistaken for Humour . By External Habit , I do not mean the ridiculous Dress or Cloathing of a Character , tho' that goes a good way in some received Characters ; ( but undoubtedly a Man's Humour may incline him to dress differently from other People ) but I mean a Singularity of Manners , Speech , and Behaviour , peculiar to all , or most of the same Country , Trade , Profession or Education . I cannot think that a Humour , which is only a Habit , or Disposition contracted by Use or Custom ; for by a Disuse , or Compliance with other Customs , it may be worn off , or diversifi'd . Affectation is generally mistaken for Humour . These are indeed so much alike , that , at a distance , they may be mistaken one for the other : For what is Humour in one , may be Affectation in another ; and nothing is more common , than for some to affect particular ways of saying , and doing things , peculiar to others , whom they admire and would imitate . Humour is the Life , Affectation the Picture . He that draws a Character of Affectation , shews Humour at the Second-hand ; he at best but publishes a Translation , and his Pictures are but Copies . But as these two last Distinctions are the nicest , so it may be most proper to explain them , by particular Instances from some Author of Reputation . Humour I take either to be born with us , and so of a natural Growth ; or else to be grafted into us by some accidental Change in the Constitution , or Revolution of the internal Habit of Body ; by which it becomes , if I may so call it , naturaliz'd . Humour is from Nature , Habit from Custom ; and Affectation from Industry . Humour shews us as we are . Habit shews us , as we appear , under a forcible Impression . Affectation shews what we would be , under a voluntary Disguise . Tho' here I would observe by the way , that a continued Affectation , may in time become a Habit. The Character of Morose in the Silent Woman , I take to be a Character of Humour . And I choose to Instance this Character to you , from many others of the same Author , because I know it has been condemn'd by many as Unnatural and Farce : And you have your self hinted some Dislike of it , for the same reason , in a Letter to me , concerning some of Johnson's Plays . Let us suppose Morose to be a Man naturally Splenetick and Melancholy ; is there any thing more offensive to one of such a Disposition , than Noise and Clamour ? Let any Man that has the Spleen ( and there are enough in England ) be Judge . We see common Examples of this Humour in Little every Day . 'T is ten to one , but three parts in four of the Company that you dine with , are discompos'd and startled at the Cutting of a Cork , or Scratching a Plate with a Knife : It is a Proportion of the same Humour , that makes such or any other Noise offensive to the Person that hears it ; for there are others who will not be disturb'd at all by it . Well ; but Morose , you will say , is so extravagant , he cannot bear any Discourse or Conversation , above a Whisper . Why , it is his Excess of this Humour , that makes him become rediculous , and qualifies his Character for Comedy . If the Poet had given him but a moderate proportion of that Humour , 't is odds but half the Audience , would have sided with the Character , and have condemn'd the Author , for exposing a Humour which was neither remarkable nor rediculous . Besides , the Distance of the Stage requires the Figure represented , to be something larger than the Life ; and sure a Picture may have Features larger in Proportion , and yet be very like the Original . If this Exactness of Quantity , were to be observed in Wit , as some would have it in Humour ; what would become of those Characters that are design'd for Men of Wit ? I believe if a Poet should steal a Dialogue of any length , from the extempore Discourse of the two wittiest Men upon Earth , he would find the Scene but coldly receiv'd by the Town . But to the purpose : The Character of Sir John Daw in the same Play , is a Character of Affectation : He every-where discovers an Affectation of Learning ; when he is not only conscious to himself , but the Audience also plainly perceives that he is Ignorant . Of this kind are the Characters of Thraso in the Eunuch of Terence , and Pyrgopolinices in the Miles Gloriosus of Plautus : They affect to be thought Valiant , when both themselves and the Audience know they are not . Now such a Boasting of Valour in Men who were really Valiant , would undoubtedly be a Humour ; for a fiery Disposition might naturally throw a Man into the same Extravagance , which is only affected in the Characters I have mentioned . The Character of Cob in Every Man in his Humour , and most of the under Characters in Bartholomew-fair , discover'd only a Singularity of Manners , appropriated to the several Educations and Professions of the Persons represented . They are not Humours but Habits contracted by Custom . Under this Head may be ranged all Country Clowns , Sailers , Tradesmen , Jockeys , Gamesters and such like , who make use of Cants or peculiar Dialects in their several Arts and Vocations . One may almost give a Receipt for the Composition of such a Character : For the Poet has nothing to do , but to collect a few proper Phrases and Terms of Art , and to make the Person apply them by rediculous Metaphors in his Conversation , with Characters of different Natures . Some late Characters of this kind have been very successful ; but in my mind they may be painted without much Art or Labour ; since they require little more , than a good Memory and superficial Observation . But true Humour cannot be shown without a Dissection of Nature , and a narrow Search to discover the first Seeds from whence it has its Root and Growth . If I were to write to the World , I should be obliged to dwell longer upon each of these Distinctions and Examples ; for I know that they would not be plain enough to all Readers : But a bare Hint is sufficient to inform you of the Notions which I have on this Subject : and I hope by this time you are of my Opinion , that Humour is neither Wit , nor Folly , nor personal Defect , nor Affectation , nor Habit ; and yet , that each , and all of these , have been both written and received for Humour . I should be unwilling to venture even on a bare Description of Humour , much more to make a Definition of it ; but now my hand is in , I 'll tell you what serves me instead of either : I take it to be , A singular and unavoidable manner of doing , or saying any thing , peculiar and natural to one Man only ; by which his Speech and Actions are destinguish'd from those of other Men. Our Humour has relation to us , and to what proceeds from us , as the Accidents have to a Substance ; it is a Colour , Taste , and Smell , diffused thro' all ; tho' our Actions are never so many , and different in Form , they are all Splinters of the same Wood , and have naturally one Complexion ; which tho' it may be disguised by Art , yet cannot be wholly changed : We may paint it with other Colours , but we cannot change the Grain . So the natural Sound of an Instument will be distinguish'd , tho' the Notes expressed by it , are never so various , and the Diversions never so many . Dissimulation , may by degrees , become more easie to our Practice ; but it can never absolutely transubstantiate us into what we would seem : it will always be in some proportion a Violence upon Nature . A Man may change his Opinion , but I believe he will find it a Difficulty to part with his Humour ; and there is nothing more provoking , than the being made sensible of that Difficulty . Sometimes , one shall meet with those , who perhaps , innocently enough , but at the same time impertiently , will ask the Question , Why are you not merry ? Why are you not gay , pleasant , and cheerful ? Then instead of answering , could I ask such one , Why are you not handsome ? Why have you not black Eyes , and a better Complexion ? Nature abhors to be forc'd . The two famous Philosophers of Ephesus and Abdera , have their different Sects at this Day : Some weep , and others laugh at one and the same thing . I don't doubt , but you have observed several Men laugh when they are angry ; others who are silent ; some that are loud : Yet I cannot suppose that it is the Passion of Anger which is in it self different , or more or less in one than t'other ; but that it is the Humour of the Man that is predominant , and urges him to express it in that manner . Demonstrations of Pleasure are as various ; one Man has a Humour of retiring from all Company , when any thing has happen'd to please him beyond Expectation ; he hugs himself alone , and thinks it an addition to the Pleasure to keep it secret . Another is upon Thorns till he has made Proclamation of it ; and must make other People sensible of his Happiness , before he can be so himself . So it is in Grief , and other Passions . Demonstrations of Love , and the Effects of that Passion upon several Humours , are infinitely different : But here the Ladies , who abound in Servants , are the best Judges . Talking of the Ladies , methinks something should be observed of the Humour of the Fair Sex ; since they are sometimes so kind as to furnish out a Character for Comedy . But I must confess I have never made any Observation of what I apprehend to be true Humour in Women . Parhaps Passions are too powerful in that Sex , to let Humour have its Course ; or may be by reason of their natural Coldness , Humour cannot exert itself to that extravagant Degree , which it often does in the Male-sex : For if ever any thing does appear comical or ridiculous in a Woman , I think it is little more than an acquir'd Folly , or an Affectation . We may call them the weaker Sex , but I think the true reason is , because our Follies are stronger , and our Faults are more prevailing . One might think that the Diversity of Humour , which must be allowed to be diffused throughout Mankind , might afford endless Matter , for the support of Comedies . But when we come closely to consider that Point , and nicely to distinguish the Difference of Humours , I believe we shall find the contrary . For tho' we allow every Man something of his own , and a peculiar Humour ; yet every Man has it not in quantity , to become remarkable by it : or , if many do become remarkable by their Humours ; yet all those Humours may not be diverting . Nor is it only requisite to distinguish what Humour will be diverting , but also how much of it , what part of it to shew in Light , and what to cast in Shades ; how to set it off by preparatory Scenes , and by opposing other Humours to it in the same Scene . Thro' a wrong Judgment , sometimes , Mens Humours may be opposed when there is really no specific Difference between them ; only a greater proportion of the same , in one than t'other ; occasion'd by having more Flegm , or Choller , or whatever the Constitution is , from whence their Humours derive their Source . There is infinitely more to be said on this Subject ; tho' perhaps I have already said too much ; but I have said it to a Friend , who I am sure will not expose it , if he does not approve of it . I believe the Subject is intirely new , and was never touch'd upon before ; and if I would have any one to see this private Essay , it should be some one , who might be provoked by my Errors in it , to publish a more judicious Treatise on the Subject . Indeed I wish it were done , that the World being a little acquainted with the Scarcity of true Humour , and the Difficulty of finding and shewing it , might look a little more favourably on the Labours of them , who endeavour to search into Nature for it , and lay it open to the Publick View . I don't say but that very entertaining and useful Characters , and proper for Comedy , may be drawn from Affectations , and those other Qualities , which I have endeavoured to distinguish from Humour : but I would not have such imposed on the World for Humour , nor esteem'd of equal Value with it . It were , perhaps , the Work of a long Life to make one Comedy true in all its Parts , and to give every Character in it a true and distinct Humour . Therefore , every Poet must be beholding to other Helps , to make out his Number of ridiculous Characters . But I think such a One deserves to be broke , who makes all false Musters ; who does not shew one true Humour in a Comedy , but entertains his Audience to the end of the Play with every thing out of Nature . I will make but one Observation to you more , and have done ; and that is grounded upon an Observation of your own , and which I mention'd at the beginning of my Letter , viz. That there is more of Humour in our English Comick Writers than in any others . I do not at all wonder at it , for I look upon Humour to be almost of English Growth ; at least , it does not seem to have found such Encrease on any other Soil : And what appears to me to be the reason of it , is the great Freedom , Priviledge , and Liberty which the common People of England enjoy . Any Man that has a Humour , is under no Restraint , or fear of giving it Vent ; they have a Proverb among them , which , may be , will shew the Bent and Genius of the People , as well as a longer Discourse : He that will have a May-pole , shall have a May-pole . This is a Maxim with them , and their Practice is agreeable to it . I believe something considerable too may be ascribed to their feeding so much on Flesh , and the Grossness of their Diet in general . But I have done , let the Physicians agree that . Thus you have my Thoughts of Humour , to my Power of Expressing them in so little Time and Compass . You will be kind to shew me wherein I have err'd ; and as you are very capable of giving me Instruction , so I think I have a very just Title to demand it from you ; being , without Reserve , Your real Friend , and humble Servant , W. CONGREVE . To Mr. Congreve , at Tunbridge . Dear Sir , MR. Moyle and I have impatiently expected to hear from you . But if the Well which you drink of had sprung up from Lethe , you could not have been more forgetful of us . Indeed , as the Tunbridge-water is good for the Spleen , it may be said in some manner to cause Oblivion . But I will yet a while hope that Mr. Moyle and I are not of the Number of Things that plague you : However , I am so sensible of your being mindful of me in Town , that I should be ungrateful , if I should complain that you do not remember me where you are . Mr. Moyle tells me that you have made a favourable Mention of me , to a certain Lady of your Acquaintance , whom he calls — But then to mortifie the Old Man in me , or indeed rather the Young , he assur'd me , that you had given a much better Character of him . However , for that which you gave of me , I cannot but own my self obliged to you , and I look upon your Kindness as so much the greater , because I am sensible that I do not deserve it . And I could almost wish that your good Qualities , were not quite so numerous , that I might be able to make you some Return in Specie : For Commending you now , I do you but Justice , which a Man of Honour will do to his Enemy ; whereas you , by partial Praise , have treated me like a Friend . I make no doubt , but that you do me the Justice to believe that I am perfectly yours ; and that your Merit has engag'd me , and your Favours oblig'd me to be all my Life-time , Dear Sir , your most humble Servant , J. DENNIS . Mr. Congreve to Mr. Dennis . Dear Sir , IT is not more to keep my Word , than to gratifie my Inclination , that I write to you ; and tho' I have thus long deferr'd it , I was never forgetful of you , nor of my Promise . Indeed I waited in Expectation of something that might enable me to return the Entertainment I received from your Letters : but you represent the Town so agreeable to me , that you quite put me out of Conceit with the Country ; and my Designs of making Observations from it . Before I came to Tunbridge , I proposed to my self the Satisfaction of Communicating the Pleasures of the Place to you : But if I keep my Resolution , I must transcribe , and return you your own Letters ; since I must own I have met with nothing else so truly Delightful . When you suppose the Country agreeable to me , you suppose such Reasons why it should be so , that while I read your Letter , I am of your Mind ; but when I look off , I find I am only charm'd with the Landskip which you have drawn . So that if I would see a fine Prospect of the Country , I must desire you to send it me from the Town ; as if I would eat good Fruit here , perhaps the best way were , to beg a Basket from my Friends in Covent-garden . After all this , I must tell you there is a great deal of Company at Tunbridge ; and some very agreeable : but the greater part , is of that sort , who at home converse only with their own Relations ; and consequently when they come abroad , have few Acquaintance , but such as they bring with them . But were the Company better , or worse , I would have you expect no Characters from me ; for I profess my self an Enemy to Detraction ; And who is there , that can justly merit Commendation ? I have a mind to write to you , without the Pretence of any manner of News , as I might drink to you without naming a Health ; for I intend only my Service to you . I wish for you very often , that I might recommend you to some new Acquaintance that I have made here , and think very well worth the keeping ; I mean Idleness and a good Stomach . You would not think how People eat here ; every Body has the Appetite of an Oastrich , and as they drink Steel in the Morning , so I believe at Noon they could digest Iron . But sure you will laugh at me for calling Idleness a new Acquaintance ; when , to your Knowledge , the greatest part of my Business , is little better . Ay , but here 's the Comfort of the Change ; I am Idle now , without taking Pains to be so , or to make other People so ; for Poetry is neither in my Head , nor in my Heart . I know not whether these Waters may have any Communication with Lethe , but sure I am , they have none with the Streams of Helicon . I have often wonder'd how those wicked Writers of Lampoons , could crowd together such quantities of execrable Verses , tag'd with bad Rhimes , as I have formerly seen sent from this place . But I am half of Opinion now , that this Well is an Anti-Hypocrene : What if we should get a quantity of the Water privately convey'd into the Cistern at Will 's Coffee-house , for an Experiment ? But I am extravagant — Tho' I remember Ben. Johnson in his Comedy of Cynthia's Revels , makes a Well , which he there calls the Fountain of Self-love , to be the Source of many entertaining and ridiculous Humours . I am of Opinion that something very Comical and New , might be brought upon the Stage , from a Fiction of the like Nature . But now I talk of the Stage , pray if any thing new should appear there , let me have an Account of it ; for tho' Plays are a kind of Winter-fruit , yet I know there are now and then some Wind-falls at this time of Year , which must be presently served up , lest they should not keep till the proper Season of Entertainment . 'T is now the time , when the Sun breeds Insects ; and you must expect to have the Hum and Buz about your Ears , of Summer-flies and small Poets . Cuckows have this time allow'd 'em to Sing , tho' they are damn'd to Silence all the rest of the Year . Besides , the approaching Feast of St. Bartholomew both creates an Expectation and bespeaks an Allowance of unnatural Productions and monstrous Births : Methinks the Days of Bartholomew-fair are like so many Sabbaths , or Days of Privilege , wherein Criminals and Malefactors in Poetry , are permitted to creep abroad . They put me in mind ( tho' at a different time of Year ) of the Roman Saturnalia , when all the Scum , and Rabble , and Slaves of Rome , by a kind of Annual and limited Manumission , were suffer'd to make abominable Mirth , and Profane the Days of Jubilee , with vile Buffoonry , by Authority . But I forget that I am writing a Post-letter , and run into length like a Poet in a Dedication , when he forgets his Patron to talk of himself . But I will take care to make no Apology for it , lest my Excuse ( as Excuses generally do ) should add to the Fault . Besides , I would have no appearance of Formality , when I am to tell you , that I am , your real Friend , and Humble Servant , W. CONGREVE . Letters of LOVE . Written by — Dear Madam , NOT believe that I love you : You cannot pretend to be so incredulous . If you do not believe my Tongue , consult my Eyes , consult your own . You will find by yours , that they have Charms ; by mine , that I have a Heart which feels them . Recal to mind what happen'd last Night : That at least was a Lover's Kiss . It s Eagerness , its Fierceness , its Warmth , express'd the God its Parent . But oh ! its Sweetness , and its melting Softness express'd him more . With Trembling in my Limbs , and Fevers in my Soul I ravish'd it : Convulsions , Pantings , Murmurings shew'd the mighty Disorder within me : The mighty Disorder encreased by it . For those dear Lips shot thro' my Heart , and thro' my bleeding Vitals , delicious Poison , and an avoidless , but yet a charming Ruine . What cannot a Day produce ? The Night before , I thought my self a Happy Man. In want of nothing , and in fairest Expectation of Fortune ; Approv'd of by Men of Wit , and applauded by others ; Pleased , nay charm'd with my Friends , my then dearest Friends ; Sensible of ev'ry delicate Pleasure , and in their turns possessing all . But Love , Almighty Love ! seems in a Moment to have remov'd me to a prodigious Distance from every Object but you alone : In the midst of Crowds I remain in Solitude . Nothing but you can lay hold of my Mind , and that can lay hold of nothing but you . I appear transported to some Foreign Desart with you , ( Oh that I were really thus transported ! ) where , abundantly supplied with ev'ry thing in thee , I might live out an Age of uninterrupted Extacy . The Scene of the World 's great Stage , seems suddenly and sadly chang'd . Unlovely Objects are all around me , excepting thee : The Charms of all the World appear to be translated to thee . Thus in this sad , but oh , too pleasing State ! my Soul can fix upon nothing but thee : Thee it Contemplates , Admires , Adores , nay , Depends on ; Trusts in you alone . If you and Hope forsake it , Despair and endless Misery attend it . Dear Madam , THis I send by the Permission of a severe Father , I will not say a cruel one , since he is yours . What is it that he has taken so mortally ill of me ? That I die for his Daughter is my only Offence . And yet he has refused to let me take ev'n my Farewel of you . Thrice happy be the Omen ! May I never take my Farewel of thee , till my Soul takes leave of my Body . At least , he cannot restrain me from Loving : No , I will love thee in spight of all Opposition . Tho' your Friends and mine prove equally averse , yet I will love thee with a Constancy that shall appear to all the World , to have something so noble in it , that all the World shall confess , that it deserv'd not to be Unfortunate . I will for sake even my Friends for thee : My honest , my witty , my brave Friends ; who had always been till I had seen thee , the dearest part of Mankind to me . Thou shalt supply the place of them all with me . Thou shalt be my bosom , my best-lov'd Friend ; and at the same time , my only Mistress , and my dearest Wife . Have the Goodness to pardon this Familiarity . 'T is the tenderest Leave of the faithfulest Lover ; and here to shew an Over-respectfulness would be to wrong my Passion . That I love thee more than Life , nay , even than Glory , which I courted once with a burning Desire , bear Witness all my unquiet Days , and every restless Night , and that terrible Agitation of Mind and Body , which proceeded from my fear of losing thee . To lose thee is to lose all Happiness ; Tormenting Reflection to a sensible Soul ! How often has my Reason been going upon it ? But the loss of Reason would be but too happy upon the loss of thee : Since all the Advantage that I could draw from its Presence , would be to know my self Miserable . But the time calls upon me : I am oblig'd to take an odious Journey , and leave thee behind with my Enemies . But thine shall never do thee harm with me . Adieu , thou dearest , thou loveliest of Creatures ! No Change of Time or Place , or the Remonstrances of the best of Friends , shall ever be able to alter my Passion for thee . Be but one quarter so kind , so just to me , and the Sun will not shine on a happier Man than my self . Dear Madam , MAy I presume to beg Pardon for the Fault I committed ? So foolish a Fault , that it was below not only a Man of Sence , but a Man ; and of which nothing could ever have made me Guilty , but the Fury of a Passion with which none but your lovely self could inspire me . May I presume to beg pardon for a Fault which I can never forgive my self ? To purchase that Pardon , what would I not endure ? You shall see me prostrate before you , and use me like a Slave , while I kiss the dear Feet that trample upon me . But if my Crime be too great for Forgiveness , as indeed it is very great , deny me not one dear parting Look ; Let me see you once before I must never see you more . Christ ! I want Patience to support that accursed Thought . I have nothing in the World that is dear to me , but you . You have made every thing else indifferent : And can I resolve never to see you more ? In spight of my self I must always see you . Your Form is fix'd by Fate in my Mind , and is never to be remov'd . I see those lovely piercing Eyes continually , I see each Moment those ravishing Lips , which I have gaz'd on still with Desire , and still have touch'd with Transport ; and at which I have so often flown with all the Fury of the most violent Love. Jesus ! From whence , and whither am I fallen ? From the Hopes of blissful Extasies to black Despair ! From the Expectation of immortal Transports , which none but your dear Self can give me , and which none but he who loves like me , could ever so much as think of , to a Complication of cruel Passions , and the most dreadful Condition of Human Life . My Fault , indeed , has been very great , and cries aloud for the severest Vengeance . See it inflicted on me : See me despair and die for that Fault . But let me not die Unpardon'd , Madam ; I die for you , but die in the most cruel and dreadful manner . The Wretch that lies broken on the Wheel alive , feels not a quarter of what I endure . Yet boundless Love has been all my Crime ; unjust , ungrateful , barbarous . Return of it ! Suffer me to take my eternal Leave of you ; when I have done that , how easie will it be to bid all the rest of the World Adieu . Dear Madam , THIS is the third Letter that I have sent you since I came hither : Those which went before it were all the Overflowings of a Heart more full of Passion than ever was Man's before . It is impossible for me to be distant from you , but I must send to you by every occasion . And yet you can resolve to take no Notice of all my Tenderness : Yes , my dearest , inhumane Creature , you can . You have been sick , nay dangerously sick , and have never sent to me . Have I left all the World for you , and could you resolve to leave the World without me ; Nay , without so much as giving me the least Notice of it ? Christ ! Could you resolve to leave me to Despair and to endless Misery , without expressing the least Concern for me ! And can I persist in loving one so ingrateful ! Is there such another ingrateful Creature alive ! No , there lives not so ingrateful a Creature , but there lives not one so Charming . Dear Madam , CAN you be angry still with your poor Penitent ? You cannot have the ill Nature , sure ? Yes , but you can , you say since he could have the Presumption to be angry with you . But , my Dearest , there is this Difference betwixt your Anger and mine ; Mine was cau'd by the Cruelty of your suppos'd Infidelity ; and yours by the Kindness of your Lover's Resentment : for if I had not been fond of thee to the last degree , I had not been so incens'd against you . Yet even when I was most so , I could sooner have pluck'd out an Eye , than have resolved to have parted with thee : Nay , I could sooner have torn out both Eyes , if the loss of both would not have for ever depriv'd me of the dear , the ravishing sight of thee . But if you still think that my Anger had Guilt in it , and that I ought to suffer for it , the means to punish me with utmost Severity , and to make me my own Tormenter , is to tell me , you love me : Then I shall curse my self and my Rage , and feel all the Plague of Remorse for having offended thee : I shall look upon my self as the basest , the most ungrateful of Men for abusing thy Goodness , and thy charming Tenderness . I shall believe that I can never humble my self enough , and never suffer enough to deserve Forgiveness . Thus , Madam , you have your Revenge in your Power . It is a false Modesty which restrains you from taking it : In order to it , you have nothing to do , but to prove your self tender , and to shew your self grateful . If you must be asham'd , blush at your Cruelty ; blush at your Inhumanity : But Gratitude is Reason , and Love is Nature ; never be asham'd of those . Do but consider , there was a time , when I was happy in your Esteem ; yes , there has been a time , in which I was thought not altogether void of Reason by you : How then can you blush at the owning a Passiion , which you command with an absolute Sway , at the very time that it Tyrannizes over me ? Dear Madam , MY Friend's Stratagem gave me an opportunity of seeing you , by finding Fault with you . It must proceed from Design or Madness if I find fault with thee : Thy lovely Face is the very same that set all my Blood in a flame ; and I am sure my Heart can never be alter'd . How it trembled in my Breast when I saw you last , and by its trouble confess'd its Conqueror ! How it has burnt ever since with redoubled Fury ! When I shall be free from this Flame , Heav'n only knows , for the Hour of my Death Heaven only knows : 'T is a Flame that has incorporated with that of my Life , and both will go out together . In vain I invoke my Reason to resist my Senses : My Reason finds you more lovely than my Eyes did before ; shews me all the Graces of thy beauteous Mind , and grows pleas'd and prides itself in its own Captivity . You accuse me , they say , of some extraordinary Crime : A Crime against whom ? Against you whom I love ! Against you , for whom I could die ! Strange Accusation ! Yet at the same time you refuse to see me , you refuse to receive my Letters : And must I be condemn'd Unheard ? Robbers are allow'd to speak before they are sentenc'd ; Murderers have the Privilege to plead for their Lives : And shall the tenderest Love be denied the Privilege which is granted to the blackest Malice ? I have been guilty of nothing but too much Love , if too much Love be a Fault . Why have you given Credit to my Enemies , before you have heard me ? I may indeed be convinc'd of an Error , but I can never be convicted of a Crime against you . The Man must be mad , nay , desperately mad , who can design to injure himself ; and thou art , by much , the better , the dearer Part of me . Give me leave to see you once more before I depart : Let me see once more that Face which has undone me , yet charms me even in Ruine : O Face industriously contriv'd by Heaven , To fix my Eyes and captivate my Soul ! Nay , I will see you , if it be but to upbraid you with your barbarous Wish : If at the time that you made it , you had struck a Dagger in my Heart , you had given it a gentler Wound . The only Wish that I have to make , is to be happy in thee ; if that succeeds not , I have another , and that is , to lie at rest in my Grave . The End of the Love-Letters . To Walter Moyle , Esq at Bake , in Cornwall . Dear Sir , YOUR long Silence made me conjecture , that you are so intent upon being Burgess of Bodmyn , that you had forgot the Citizens of Covent-garden : At last I received an agreeable Letter from you . You had best have a care of talking in Cornwal , at the rate that you write to your Friends . If you do , the Cornish Men may not think you rightly Qualified to Represent them . When you left the Town , you talk'd of a Critical Correspondence between us : But Idleness on your side , and ill Humour on mine , have baulked a very hopeful Design . But an Accident has lately happened , which obliges me to provoke you : For there has just been a Play acted , called , The Mock-marriage , the Author of which , whose Name I have forgot , asserts , dogmatically , in his Preface , That he who writes by Rule shall only have his Labour for his Pains . I know not what this Author can mean by this : For , whom does he pretend to perswade by this fine Assertion ? Not Mr. Moyle , and me at least . We know indeed very well , that a Man may write regularly , and yet fail of Pleasing ; and that a Poet may please in a Play that is not regular . But this is eternally true , That he who writes regularly ceteris Paribus , must always please more , than he who transgresses the Rules . Nothing can please in a Play but Nature ; no , not in a Play which is written against the Rules : and the more there is of Nature in any Play , the more that Play must Delight . Now the Rules are nothing but an Observation of Nature : For Nature is Rule and Order itself . There is not one of the Rules , but what might be us'd to evince this . But I shall be contented with shewing some Instances of it , even in the Mechanical Rules of the Unities : And first for that of place ; It is certain that it is in Nature impossible , for a Man who is in the Square in Covent-garden , to see the things , that at the same time , are transacted at Westminster . And then for that of Time , a reasonable Man may delude himself so far , as to fancy that he sits for the space of twelve Hours , without removing , eating or sleeping ; but he must be a Devil that can fancy he does it for a Week . What I have said may evince a Necessity of observing the Unities of Time and of Place , if a Poet would throughly write up to Nature . And then the Unity of Action follows on course : For , that two Actions that are entire , and independent , should happen in the same short space of time , in the same little compass of place , begin together , go on together , and end together , without obstructing or confounding one another ; this indeed may be done upon the Stage , but in Nature it is highly improbable . Well then , since the Rules are nothing but Nature it self , and nothing but Nature can please , and since the more that any Play has of Nature , the more that Play must Delight , it follows that a Play which is regularly written , ceteris Paribus , must please more than a Play which is written against the Rules , which is a Demonstration . Rule may be said to be a Play ; what Symmetry of Parts is known to be to a Face ? The Features may be regular , and yet a great or a delicate Air may be wanting : And there may be a commanding or engaging Air , in a Face whose Features are not regular . But this all the World must allow of , that there can never be seen any Soveraign Beauty , where Air and Regularity of Features are not united . Thus is Rea-son against this Author ; but the mischief is , that Experience is against him too : For all your Dramatick Poets must confess , that the Plays which they have writ with most Regularity , have been they which have pleased most . I must trouble you with another Dramatical Criticism , but not till the next Opportunity . I am yours , &c. Mr. — to Mr. Congreve . Dear Sir , I Came home from the Land's End Yesterday , where I found three Letters from Mr. Dennis , and one from you , with a humerous Description of John Abassus , since the dubbing of Don Quixote , and the Coronation of Petrarch in the Capitol , there has not been so great a Solemnity as the Consecration of John Abassus . In all the Pagan Ritual , I never met with the Form of Poetical Orders ; but I believe the Ceremony of Consecrating a Man to Apollo , is the same with Devoting a Man to the Dii Manes , for both are Martyrs to Fame . I believe not a Man of the Grave Club durst assist at this ridiculous Scene , for fear of laughing out-right . W. was in his Kingdom , and for my part I would have rather sat there than in the House of Commons . Would to God I could laugh with you for one Hour or two at all the ridiculous things that have happen'd at Will 's Coffee-house since I left it , 't is the merriest Place in the World : Like Africa , every Day it produces a Monster ; and they are got there just as Pliny says they are in Africa , Beasts of different kinds come to drink , mingle with one another and beget Monsters . Present my humble Duty to my new Lord , and tell him , that I am preparing an Address to Congratulate his Accession to the Throne of the Rabble . Tell the Lady , who was the Author of the Hue and Cry after me , she might have sent out a hundred Hues and Cries before she would have found a Poet. I took an effectual Course not to be apprehended for a Poet , for I went down clad like a Soldier , with a new Suit of Cloaths on , and , I think there could not have been a better Disguise for a Poet , unless I had stol'n Dr. B — 's Coat . Mr. Dennis sent me down P — M — 's Parodie . I can say very little of the Poem ; but as for the Dialogue , I think 't was the first time that M — suffered any body to talk with him , though indeed here he interrupts Mr. Boileau in the midst of the first word . My humble Service to Mr. Wycherley . I desire you would write me some News of the Stage , and what Progress you have made in your Tragedy . I am your affectionate Friend and Servant . Mr. Congreve to Mr. — Dear Sir , I Can't but think that a Letter from me in London , to you in C — , is like some ancient Correspondence between an Inhabitant of Rome and a Cimmerian : May be my way of Writing may not be so modestly compared with Roman Epistles ; but the Resemblance of the Place will justifie the other part of the Parallel : The subterraneous Habitations of the Miners , and the Proximity of the Bajae help a little ; and while you are at B — let B — be Cumae , and do you supply the Place of Sybilla . You may look on this as Railery , but I can assure you , nothing less than Oracles are expected from you , in the next Parliament , if you succeed in your Election , as we are pretty well assured you will. You wish your self with us at Will 's Coffee-house ; all here wish for you , from the President of the Grave Club , to the most puny Member of the Rabble ; they who can think , think of you , and the rest talk of you . There is no such Monster in this Africa , that is not sensible of your Absence ; even the worst natured People , and those of least Wit lament it ; I mean , half Criticks and Quiblers . To tell you all that want you , I should name all the Creatures of Covent-garden , which like those of Eden-garden would want some Adam to be a Godfather and give them Names . I can't tell whether I may justly compare our Covent-garden , to that of Eden , or no ; for tho' I believe we may have Variety of strange Animals equal to Paradise , yet I fear we have not amongst us the Tree of Knowledge . It had been much to the Disadvantage of Pliny , had the Coffee-house been in his Days ; for sure he would have described some who frequent it ; which would have given him the Reputation of a more fabulous Writer then he has now . But being in our Age it does him a Service , for we who know it , can give Faith to all his Monsters . You who took care to go down into the Country unlike a Poet , I hope will take care not to come up again like a Politician ; for then , you will add a new Monster to the Coffee-house , that was never seen there before . So you may come back again , in your Soldier 's Coat , for in that you will no more be suspected for a Politician , than a Poet. Pray come upon any Terms , for you are wished for by every body , but most wanted by your Affectionate Friend and Servant , W. CONGREVE . To Mr. Congreve , at Tunbridge . Dear Sir , MY Business and my Thanks for your Kindness , you will find in the Inclos'd , which I had sent by the last Post , had not an accident hinder'd it . All the Return that I can make you at present is , to acquaint you with such News as we have . Our Friend Mr. — went last Friday to the Bath : He promis'd to write to me from that place , but it would be unreasonable indeed to expect it . For W — takes up his Afternoons , and his Mornings I suppose , are spent in Contemplation at the Cross Bath . Most of your Friends of the Coffee-house are disper'd : Some are retreated into the Country in hopes of some Favours , which they expect from the Muses ; two or three of them are retir'd in Town to ruminate on some Favours , which they have receiv'd from their Mistresses . So that the Coffee-house is like to grow into Reputation again . For if any one gives it the scandalous Denomination of the Wits Coffee-house , he must call it so by Antiphrasis , because there comes no Wit there . Here are two or three indeed , who set up for Wits at home , and endeavour to pass for Wise at the Coffee-house : for they hold their Tongues there . Indeed the Coffee-house is generally the Exchange for Wit , where the Merchants meet without bringing the Commodity with them , which they leave at home in their Ware-houses , alias , their Closets , while they go abroad to take a prudent care for the vending it . But you are of the Number of those happy Few , who so abound in Heriditary Possessions , and in rich Returns from Greece and from Italy , that you always carry some of it about you to be liberal to your Friends of that which you sell to Strangers . Mr. — bables eternally according to his old rate , and as extravagantly as if he talk'd to himself ; which he certainly does , if no body minds him any more than I do : He has been just now enquiring , what sort of Distemper the Spleen is ; an infallible sign that he is the only Man in Covent-garden , who does not know he is an Ass. To make him sensible what the Spleen is , I could find in my Heart to shew him himself , and give it him . If any thing restrains me from being reveng'd of his Impertinence this way , 't is the Consideration that it will make him wiser : This Coxcomb naturally puts me in mind of the Stage , where they have lately acted some new Plays ; but had there been more of them , I would not scruple to affirm , that the Stage is at present a Desart and a barren Place , as some part of Africa is said to be , though it abounds in Monsters . And yet those prodigious Things have met with Success : for a Fool is naturally fond of a Monster , because he is incapable of knowing a Man. While you drink Steel for your Spleen at Tunbridge , I partake of the Benefit of the Course ; for the Gayety of your Letters relieves me considerably : Then what must your Conversation do ? Come up and make the Experiment ; and impart that Vigour to me which Tunbridge has restor'd to you . I am your most humble Servant , JOHN DENNIS . Mr. — to Mr. Dennis . NAmur taken , and a Letter from Mr. Dennis , were two of the most agreeable Surprizes I ever met with . And nothing but the Reflection , how dear the Conquest will cost us , I mean , the innumerable ill Poems it will produce , could allay the Pleasure . A — has watch'd for a Victory a long time , and will not miss this Opportunity to mortifie the Day of Thanksgiving , and scribble away the Publick Joy. The Devil take Will 's Coffee-house : I could be the easiest Man in the World under my Calamity , if it were not for some of the Company there ; who are now the greatest Enemies I have in the World , worse than the Company from which I am just now stol'n to write this Letter . Among the rest is a Country Gentleman who dictates Politicks abundantly , for with us , as well as at old Rome , we take Dictators from the Plow , but ours are such as ought never to remove their Hands from it . I am yours , &c. Mr. — to Mr. Dennis . WHile you are happy in the Politicks of the Grave Club , and the Puns of the Rabble , you have no regard to the forlorn State of your poor Friend . Before I left London , I fained an hundred agreeable melancholy Pleasures , with which I might fool away a Retirement ; but now I detest being alone , and question whether Mankind or Solitude be the fitter Subject for a Satyr . Of this , I am sure , that God Almighty , rather than be alone , created the — ; and Man , rather than be alone , chose a Wife . Whatever advantage I have lost by my Country Life , I believe , I have gain'd the Gift of Prophesie in the Wilderness , for I foretold the Poem with which A — has visited us . I am yours , &c. Mr. — to Mr. Dennis . TO your Business hereafter , but first , le ts have a Dance , as Mr. Bays says . When I came home from the West , where I had passed a Fortnight , I found your three Letters full of Wit and Humour . I was charm'd with the Scandal you writ in the first , and enclosed in the last , viz. A.'s Poem . I found the Preamble before the Poem to be like a Suterkin before a Dutch Child . I read it over in great haste , in hopes to be pleased at last with the End of it , but this is the first time I ever dislik'd his Conclusion . For he threatens strange things . I hope , 't is only in terrorem , if not , I hope God in his Goodness will send us a Peace , and prevent his Songs of Triumph . Certainly , since the Devil was Dumb there never was such a Poet. FINIS . ERRATA in Pliny's Letters . PAge 13. instéad of eminent , r. imminent . p. 132. l. 7. instead of make for Pomponianum , &c. r. go to his Friend Pomponianus , who was at Stabiae , on the other side of the Bay. p. 132. 1. 10. instead of he , r. Pomponianus had . Ibid , instead of tho' the Wind , l. 12. r. had not the. Ibid , l. 13. instead of But as it then blew directly for 'em , my Unkle &c. r. But the same Wind brought my Unkle into the Harbour , who , p. 133. l. 6. instead of made the best of their way to Pomponianuns , r. joyn'd Pomponianus and his Company . These are the grossest Faults , the rest , which are in no small Number , by reason of the Books being Printed in the Gentleman's Absence , who was principally concern'd , the Reader is desir'd to Correct with his Pen. Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A65151-e10150 * Trajan Notes for div A65151-e39150 A Country Poet. Two Covent-garden Clubs .