Animadversions upon Mr. Hobbes's Problemata de vacuo by the Honourable Robert Boyle ...
         Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.
      
       
         
           1674
        
      
       Approx. 114 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 53 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images.
       
         Text Creation Partnership,
         Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :
         2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).
         A28939
         Wing B3926
         ESTC R11777
         11687982
         ocm 11687982
         48183
         
           
            This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of
             Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal
            . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
          
        
      
       
         Early English books online.
      
       
         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A28939)
         Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 48183)
         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 15:7)
      
       
         
           
             Animadversions upon Mr. Hobbes's Problemata de vacuo by the Honourable Robert Boyle ...
             Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691.
          
           [10], 94 p.
           
             Printed by William Godbid, and are to be sold by Moses Pitt ...,
             London :
             1674.
          
           
             Appears in: Tracts / R. Boyle. 1674.
             Reproduction of original in Cambridge University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford.
         Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors.
      
       
         EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.
         EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).
         The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.
         Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.
         Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.
         Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.
         The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.
         Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).
         
          Keying and markup guidelines are available at the
           Text Creation Partnership web site
          .
        
      
       
         
         
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679. -- Problemata physica.
           Vacuum -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
        2006-05 TCP
        Assigned for keying and markup
      
        2006-07 Apex CoVantage
        Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images
      
        2007-02 Robyn Anspach
        Sampled and proofread
      
        2007-02 Robyn Anspach
        Text and markup reviewed and edited
      
        2008-02 pfs
        Batch review (QC) and XML conversion
      
    
  
   
     
       
         
         
         
           ANIMADVERSIONS
           UPON
           M
           R.
           HOBBES's
           PROBLEMATA
           DE
           VACUO
           .
        
         
           By
           the
           Honourable
           
             ROBERT
             BOYLE
          
           ,
           Fellow
           of
           the
           
             Royal
             Society
          
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             William
             Godbid
          
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           Sold
           by
           
             Moses
             Pitt
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Angel
           over
           against
           the
           little
           North
           Door
           of
           St.
           Paul's
           Church
           .
           1674.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           UPON
           the
           coming
           abroad
           of
           Mr.
           Hobbes's
           
             Problemata
             Physica
          
           ,
           finding
           them
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           an
           Ingenious
           Person
           ,
           that
           intended
           to
           write
           a
           Censure
           of
           them
           ,
           which
           several
           Employments
           private
           and
           publick
           have
           ,
           it
           seems
           ,
           hinder'd
           him
           to
           do
           ;
           I
           began
           ,
           as
           is
           usual
           on
           such
           occasions
           ,
           to
           turn
           over
           the
           leaves
           of
           the
           Book
           ,
           to
           see
           what
           particular
           things
           it
           treated
           of
           .
           This
           I
           had
           not
           long
           done
           before
           I
           found
           ,
           by
           obvious
           passages
           in
           the
           third
           Chapter
           ,
           or
           Dialogue
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           by
           the
           Title
           ,
           which
           was
           
             Problemata
             de
             Vacuo
          
           ,
           that
           I
           was
           particularly
           concern'd
           in
           it
           ;
           upon
           which
           I
           desired
           the
           Possessor
           of
           the
           Book
           ,
           who
           readily
           consented
           ,
           to
           leave
           me
           to
           examin
           that
           Dialogue
           ,
           on
           which
           condition
           I
           would
           leave
           him
           to
           deal
           with
           all
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Book
           .
           Nor
           did
           I
           look
           upon
           the
           Reflections
           I
           meant
           to
           make
           as
           repugnant
           
           to
           the
           Resolutions
           I
           had
           taken
           against
           writing
           Books
           of
           Controversie
           ,
           since
           the
           Explications
           ,
           Mr.
           Hobbes
           gave
           of
           his
           Problems
           ,
           seem'd
           to
           contain
           but
           some
           Variations
           of
           ,
           or
           an
           Appendix
           to
           ,
           his
           Tract
           
             De
             Natura
             Aeris
          
           ,
           which
           ,
           being
           one
           of
           the
           two
           first
           pieces
           that
           were
           published
           against
           what
           I
           had
           written
           ,
           was
           one
           of
           those
           that
           I
           had
           expresly
           reserv'd
           my self
           the
           liberty
           to
           answer
           .
           But
           the
           Animadversions
           I
           first
           made
           upon
           Mr.
           Hobbes's
           
             Problems
             De
             Vacuo
          
           ,
           having
           been
           casually
           mislaid
           e're
           they
           were
           finished
           ;
           before
           I
           had
           occasion
           to
           resume
           my
           task
           ,
           there
           past
           time
           enough
           to
           let
           me
           perceive
           ,
           that
           his
           Doctrine
           ,
           which
           't
           will
           easily
           be
           thought
           that
           the
           Vacuists
           disapproved
           ,
           was
           not
           much
           relished
           by
           most
           of
           the
           Plenists
           themselves
           ,
           the
           modernest
           Peripateticks
           and
           the
           Cartesians
           ;
           each
           of
           them
           maintaining
           the
           Fullness
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           upon
           their
           own
           grounds
           ,
           which
           are
           differing
           enough
           from
           those
           of
           our
           Author
           ,
           the
           natural
           Indisposition
           I
           have
           to
           Polemical
           Discourses
           ,
           easily
           perswaded
           me
           to
           let
           alone
           a
           Controversie
           ,
           that
           did
           not
           appear
           needful
           :
           And
           I
           had
           still
           persisted
           
           in
           my
           silence
           ,
           if
           Mr.
           Hobbes
           had
           not
           as
           't
           were
           summon'd
           me
           to
           break
           it
           by
           publishing
           again
           his
           Explications
           ,
           which
           in
           my
           Examen
           of
           his
           Dialogue
           
             De
             Natura
             Aeris
          
           I
           had
           shewn
           to
           be
           erroneous
           .
        
         
           And
           I
           did
           not
           grow
           at
           all
           more
           satisfied
           ,
           to
           find
           him
           so
           constant
           as
           well
           as
           stiff
           an
           Adversary
           to
           
             interspers'd
             Vacuities
          
           ,
           by
           comparing
           what
           he
           maintains
           in
           his
           Dialogue
           
             De
             Vacuo
          
           ,
           with
           some
           things
           that
           he
           teaches
           ,
           especially
           concerning
           God
           ,
           the
           Cause
           of
           Motion
           ,
           and
           the
           Imperviousness
           of
           Glass
           ,
           in
           some
           other
           of
           his
           writings
           that
           are
           published
           in
           the
           same
           Volume
           with
           it
           .
           For
           since
           he
           asserts
           that
           there
           is
           a
           God
           ,
           and
           owns
           Him
           to
           be
           the
           Creator
           of
           the
           World
           ;
           and
           since
           on
           the
           other
           side
           the
           Penetration
           of
           Dimensions
           is
           confessed
           to
           be
           impossible
           ,
           and
           he
           denies
           that
           there
           is
           any
           Vacuum
           in
           the
           Universe
           ;
           it
           seems
           difficult
           to
           conceive
           ,
           how
           in
           a
           World
           that
           is
           already
           perfectly
           full
           of
           Bodie
           ,
           a
           Corporeal
           Deity
           ,
           such
           as
           he
           maintains
           in
           his
           
             Append.
             ad
             Leviath
             .
             cap.
             3
             ,
          
           can
           have
           that
           access
           even
           to
           the
           minute
           parts
           of
           the
           Mundane
           Matter
           ,
           that
           seems
           requi●
           site
           to
           the
           Attributes
           and
           Operations
           that
           
           belong
           to
           the
           Deity
           ,
           in
           reference
           to
           the
           World.
           But
           I
           leave
           Divines
           to
           consider
           what
           Influence
           the
           conjunction
           of
           Mr.
           Hobbes's
           two
           Opinions
           ,
           the
           Corporeity
           of
           the
           Deity
           ,
           and
           the
           perfect
           Plenitude
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           may
           have
           on
           Theology
           .
           And
           perhaps
           I
           should
           not
           in
           a
           Physical
           Discourse
           have
           taken
           any
           notice
           of
           the
           proposed
           Difficulty
           ,
           but
           that
           ,
           to
           prevent
           an
           Imputation
           on
           the
           Study
           of
           Natures
           Works
           ,
           (
           as
           if
           it
           taught
           us
           rather
           to
           degrade
           than
           admire
           their
           Author
           ,
           )
           it
           seem'd
           not
           amiss
           to
           hint
           
             (
             in
             transitu
          
           )
           that
           Mr.
           Hobbes's
           gross
           Conteption
           of
           a
           Corporeal
           God
           ,
           is
           not
           only
           unwarranted
           by
           found
           Philosophy
           ,
           but
           ill
           befriended
           even
           by
           
             his
             own
          
           .
        
         
           My
           Adversary
           having
           propos'd
           his
           Problems
           by
           way
           of
           Dialogue
           between
           A.
           and
           B
           ;
           't
           will
           not
           ,
           I
           presume
           ,
           be
           wonder'd
           at
           ,
           that
           I
           have
           given
           the
           same
           form
           to
           my
           Animadversions
           ;
           which
           come
           forth
           no
           earlier
           ,
           because
           I
           had
           divers
           other
           Treatises
           ,
           that
           I
           was
           more
           concern'd
           for
           ,
           to
           publish
           before
           them
           .
        
         
           But
           because
           it
           will
           probably
           be
           demanded
           ,
           why
           on
           a
           Tract
           that
           is
           but
           short
           ,
           
           my
           Animadversions
           should
           take
           up
           so
           much
           room
           ?
           It
           will
           be
           requisite
           ,
           that
           I
           here
           give
           an
           account
           of
           the
           bulk
           of
           this
           Treatise
           .
        
         
           And
           first
           ,
           having
           found
           that
           there
           was
           not
           any
           one
           Problem
           ,
           in
           whose
           Explication
           ,
           as
           propos'd
           by
           Mr.
           Hobbes
           ,
           I
           saw
           cause
           to
           acquiesce
           ,
           I
           was
           induc'd
           for
           the
           Readers
           ease
           ,
           and
           that
           I
           might
           be
           sure
           to
           do
           my
           Adversary
           no
           wrong
           ,
           to
           transcribe
           his
           whole
           Dialogue
           ,
           bating
           some
           few
           Transitions
           ,
           and
           other
           Clauses
           not
           needful
           to
           be
           transferr'd
           hither
           .
        
         
           
           Next
           ,
           I
           was
           not
           willing
           to
           imitate
           Mr.
           Hobbes
           ,
           who
           recites
           in
           the
           Dialogue
           we
           are
           considering
           the
           same
           Experiments
           that
           he
           had
           already
           mentioned
           in
           his
           Tract
           
             De
             Natura
             Aeris
          
           ,
           without
           adding
           as
           his
           own
           (
           that
           I
           remember
           )
           any
           new
           one
           to
           them
           .
           But
           my
           unwillingness
           to
           tire
           the
           Reader
           with
           
           bare
           Repetitions
           of
           the
           Arguments
           I
           employ'd
           in
           my
           Examen
           of
           that
           Tract
           ,
           invited
           me
           to
           endeavour
           to
           make
           him
           some
           amends
           for
           the
           exercise
           of
           his
           patience
           by
           inserting
           ,
           as
           occasion
           was
           offer'd
           ,
           five
           or
           six
           new
           Experiments
           ,
           that
           will
           not
           perhaps
           be
           so
           easily
           made
           by
           every
           Reader
           that
           will
           be
           able
           (
           now
           that
           I
           have
           perspicuously
           propos'd
           them
           )
           to
           understand
           them
           .
        
         
           And
           lastly
           ,
           since
           Mr.
           Hobbes
           has
           not
           been
           content
           to
           magnifie
           himself
           and
           his
           way
           of
           treating
           of
           Physical
           matters
           ,
           but
           has
           been
           pleas'd
           to
           speak
           very
           slightingly
           of
           Experimentarian
           Philosophers
           (
           as
           he
           
           stiles
           them
           )
           in
           general
           ,
           and
           ,
           which
           is
           worse
           ,
           to
           disparage
           the
           making
           of
           elaborate
           Experiments
           ;
           I
           judg'd
           the
           thing
           ,
           he
           seem'd
           to
           aim
           at
           ,
           so
           prejudicial
           to
           true
           and
           useful
           Philosophy
           ,
           that
           I
           thought
           ,
           it
           might
           do
           some
           service
           to
           the
           less
           knowing
           ,
           and
           less
           wary
           ,
           sort
           of
           Readers
           ,
           if
           I
           tryed
           to
           make
           his
           own
           Explications
           enervate
           his
           Authority
           ,
           and
           by
           a
           somewhat
           particular
           Examen
           of
           the
           Solutions
           he
           has
           given
           of
           the
           Problems
           I
           am
           concern'd
           in
           ,
           shew
           ,
           that
           't
           is
           much
           more
           easie
           to
           undervalue
           a
           frequent
           recourse
           to
           Experiments
           ,
           than
           truly
           to
           explicate
           the
           Phaenomena
           of
           Nature
           without
           them
           .
           And
           since
           our
           Author
           ,
           speaking
           of
           his
           
             Problemata
             Physica
          
           ,
           (
           which
           is
           but
           a
           small
           Book
           )
           scruples
           not
           to
           tell
           His
           Majesty
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           dedicates
           them
           ,
           that
           he
           has
           therein
           comprised
           (
           to
           speak
           in
           his
           own
           terms
           )
           
             the
             greatest
             and
             most
             probable
          
           
           part
           of
           his
           Physical
           Meditations
           ;
           and
           since
           by
           the
           alterations
           ,
           he
           has
           made
           in
           what
           he
           formerly
           writ
           about
           the
           Phaenomena
           of
           my
           Engine
           ,
           he
           seems
           to
           have
           design'd
           to
           give
           it
           a
           more
           advantageous
           form
           :
           I
           conceive
           ,
           that
           by
           these
           selected
           Solutions
           of
           his
           ,
           one
           may
           ,
           without
           doing
           him
           the
           least
           injustice
           ,
           make
           an
           estimate
           of
           his
           way
           of
           discoursing
           about
           Natural
           things
           .
           And
           though
           I
           would
           not
           interess
           the
           credit
           of
           Experimentarian
           Philosophers
           in
           no
           considerabler
           a
           Paper
           than
           this
           ;
           yet
           if
           Mr.
           Hobbes's
           Explications
           and
           mine
           be
           attentively
           compared
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           ,
           I
           hope
           ,
           by
           them
           be
           found
           ,
           that
           the
           way
           of
           Philosophising
           he
           employs
           ,
           is
           much
           to
           be
           preferr'd
           before
           that
           which
           he
           undervalues
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           ANIMADVERSIONS
           VPON
           
             M
             R.
             HOBBES's
          
           Problemata
           de
           VACUO
           .
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             MAy
             one
             ,
             without
             too
             bold
             an
             inquisitiveness
             ,
             ask
             ,
             what
             Book
             you
             are
             reading
             so
             attentively
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             You
             will
             easily
             believe
             you
             may
             ,
             when
             I
             shall
             have
             answer'd
             you
             ,
             that
             't
             was
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             lately
             publish'd
             Tract
             of
             Physical
             Problems
             ,
             which
             I
             was
             perusing
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             What
             progress
             have
             you
             made
             in
             it
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             I
             was
             finishing
             the
             third
             Dialogue
             or
             Chapter
             when
             you
             came
             in
             ,
             
             and
             finding
             my self
             ,
             though
             not
             named
             ,
             yet
             particularly
             concern'd
             ,
             I
             was
             perusing
             it
             with
             that
             attention
             which
             it
             seems
             you
             took
             notice
             of
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Divers
             of
             your
             Experiments
             are
             so
             expresly
             mention'd
             there
             ,
             that
             one
             need
             not
             be
             skill'd
             in
             decyphering
             to
             perceive
             that
             you
             are
             interessed
             in
             that
             Chapter
             ,
             and
             therefore
             seeing
             you
             have
             heedfully
             read
             it
             over
             ,
             pray
             give
             me
             leave
             to
             ask
             your
             Judgment
             ,
             both
             of
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             Opinion
             ,
             and
             his
             Reasonings
             about
             Vacuum
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Concerning
             his
             Opinion
             ,
             I
             am
             sorry
             I
             cannot
             now
             satisfie
             your
             Curiosity
             ,
             having
             long
             since
             taken
             ,
             and
             ever
             since
             kept
             ,
             a
             Resolution
             to
             decline
             ,
             at
             least
             until
             a
             time
             that
             is
             not
             yet
             come
             ,
             the
             declaring
             my self
             either
             for
             or
             against
             the
             Plenists
             .
             But
             as
             to
             the
             other
             part
             of
             your
             Question
             ,
             which
             is
             about
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             Arguments
             for
             the
             absolute
             Plenitude
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             I
             shall
             not
             scruple
             readily
             to
             answer
             ,
             that
             his
             Ratiocinations
             seem
             to
             me
             far
             short
             of
             that
             cogency
             ,
             which
             the
             noise
             he
             would
             make
             in
             
             the
             world
             ,
             and
             the
             way
             wherein
             he
             treats
             both
             ancient
             and
             modern
             Philosophers
             that
             dissent
             from
             him
             ,
             may
             warrant
             us
             to
             expect
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             You
             will
             allow
             me
             the
             freedom
             to
             tell
             you
             ,
             That
             ,
             to
             convince
             me
             ,
             that
             your
             resentment
             of
             his
             explicating
             divers
             of
             the
             Phaenomena
             of
             your
             Pneumatic
             Engine
             otherwise
             than
             you
             have
             been
             wont
             to
             do
             ,
             (
             and
             perhaps
             in
             terms
             that
             might
             well
             have
             been
             more
             civil
             ,
             )
             has
             had
             no
             share
             in
             dictating
             this
             Judgment
             of
             yours
             ;
             the
             best
             way
             will
             be
             ,
             that
             entering
             for
             a
             while
             into
             the
             party
             of
             the
             Vacuists
             you
             answer
             the
             Arguments
             he
             alledges
             in
             this
             Chapter
             to
             confute
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Having
             always
             ,
             as
             you
             know
             ,
             forborn
             to
             declare
             my self
             either
             way
             in
             this
             Controversie
             ,
             I
             shall
             not
             tye
             my self
             strictly
             to
             the
             Principles
             and
             Notions
             of
             the
             Vacuists
             ,
             nor
             ,
             though
             but
             for
             a
             while
             ,
             oppose
             my self
             to
             those
             of
             the
             Plenists
             :
             But
             so
             far
             I
             shall
             comply
             with
             your
             Commands
             ,
             as
             either
             upon
             the
             Doctrine
             of
             the
             Vacuists
             ,
             or
             upon
             other
             grounds
             ,
             to
             consider
             ,
             whether
             
             this
             Dialogue
             of
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             have
             cogently
             proved
             his
             ,
             and
             the
             Schools
             ,
             Assertion
             ,
             
               Non
               dari
               Vacuum
            
             ;
             and
             whether
             he
             has
             rightly
             explain'd
             some
             Phaenomena
             of
             Nature
             which
             he
             undertakes
             to
             give
             an
             account
             of
             ,
             and
             especially
             some
             produced
             in
             our
             Engin
             ,
             whereof
             he
             takes
             upon
             him
             to
             render
             the
             genuine
             Causes
             .
             And
             this
             last
             inquiry
             is
             that
             which
             I
             chiefly
             design
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             By
             this
             I
             perceive
             ,
             that
             if
             you
             can
             make
             out
             your
             own
             Explications
             of
             your
             Adversaries
             Problems
             
               de
               Vacuo
            
             ,
             and
             shew
             them
             to
             be
             preferable
             to
             his
             ,
             you
             will
             think
             you
             have
             done
             your
             work
             ,
             and
             that
             't
             is
             but
             your
             secondary
             scope
             to
             shew
             ,
             that
             in
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             his
             way
             of
             solving
             them
             ,
             he
             gives
             the
             Vacuists
             an
             advantage
             against
             Him
             ,
             though
             not
             against
             the
             plenists
             in
             general
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             You
             do
             not
             mistake
             my
             meaning
             ,
             and
             therefore
             without
             any
             further
             Preamble
             ,
             let
             us
             now
             proceed
             to
             the
             particular
             Phaenomena
             consider'd
             by
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ;
             the
             first
             of
             which
             is
             an
             Experiment
             proposed
             by
             me
             in
             the
             
             one
             and
             thirtieth
             of
             the
             
               Physico-Mechanical
               Experiments
            
             concerning
             the
             Adhesion
             of
             two
             flat
             and
             polish'd
             Marbles
             ,
             which
             I
             endeavour'd
             to
             solve
             by
             the
             pressure
             of
             the
             Air.
             And
             this
             Experiment
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             thinks
             so
             convincing
             an
             one
             to
             prove
             the
             Plenitude
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             that
             ,
             though
             he
             tells
             us
             he
             has
             many
             cogent
             Arguments
             to
             make
             it
             out
             ,
             yet
             he
             mentions
             but
             this
             one
             ,
             because
             that
             ,
             
               he
               says
            
             ,
             suffices
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             The
             Confidence
             he
             thereby
             expresses
             of
             the
             great
             force
             of
             this
             Argument
             does
             the
             less
             move
             me
             ,
             because
             ,
             I
             remember
             ,
             that
             formerly
             in
             his
             
               Elements
               of
               Philosophy
            
             he
             thought
             it
             sufficient
             to
             employ
             one
             Argument
             to
             evince
             the
             Plenitude
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             one
             he
             pitch'd
             upon
             the
             Vulgar
             Experiment
             of
             a
             Gardeners
             Watering-Pot
             :
             But
             ,
             whether
             he
             were
             wrought
             upon
             by
             the
             Objections
             made
             to
             his
             Inference
             from
             that
             Phaenomenon
             in
             your
             Examen
             of
             his
             Dialogue
             
               De
               Natura
               Aeris
            
             ,
             or
             by
             some
             other
             Considerations
             ,
             I
             will
             not
             pretend
             to
             divine
             .
             But
             I
             plainly
             perceive
             ,
             he
             
             now
             prefers
             the
             Experiment
             of
             the
             cohering
             Marbles
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Of
             which
             it
             will
             not
             be
             amiss
             ,
             though
             the
             passage
             be
             somewhat
             long
             ,
             to
             read
             you
             his
             whole
             Discourse
             out
             of
             the
             Book
             I
             have
             in
             my
             hand
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             'T
             is
             fit
             that
             you
             ,
             who
             for
             my
             sake
             are
             content
             to
             take
             the
             pains
             of
             answering
             what
             he
             says
             ,
             should
             be
             eased
             of
             the
             trouble
             of
             reading
             it
             ,
             which
             I
             will
             therefore
             ,
             with
             your
             leave
             ,
             take
             upon
             me
             .
             His
             Discourse
             then
             about
             the
             Marbles
             is
             this
             :
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Ad
             probandam
             Universi
             Plenitudinem
             ,
             nullum
             nostin
             '
             Argumentum
             cogens
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Imò
             multa
             :
             Unum
             autem
             sufficit
             ex
             eo
             sumptum
             ,
             Quod
             duo
             corpor
             a
             plana
             ,
             si
             se
             mutuò
             secundùm
             amborum
             planitiem
             communem
             tangant
             ,
             non
             facile
             in
             instante
             divelli
             possunt
             ;
             successivè
             verò
             facillimè
             .
             Non
             dico
             ,
             impossibile
             esse
             duo
             durissima
             Marmora
             it
             a
             coharentia
             divellere
             ,
             sed
             difficile
             ;
             &
             vim
             postulare
             tantam
             ,
             quanta
             sufficit
             ad
             duritiem
             lapidis
             superandam
             .
             Siquidem
             verò
             majore
             vi
             ad
             separationem
             opus
             sit
             quàm
             illa
             ,
             quâ
             
             moventur
             separata
             ,
             id
             signum
             est
             non
             dari
             Vacuum
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Assertiones
             illae
             demonstratione
             indigent
             .
             Primò
             autem
             ostende
             ,
             quomodo
             ex
             duorum
             durissimorum
             corporum
             ,
             conjunctorum
             ad
             superficies
             exquisite
             laeves
             ,
             diremptione
             difficili
             ,
             sequatur
             Plenitudo
             Mundi
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Si
             duo
             plana
             ,
             dura
             ,
             polita
             Corpora
             (
             ut
             Marmora
             )
             collocentur
             unum
             supra
             alterum
             ,
             ita
             ut
             eorum
             superficies
             se
             mutuò
             per
             amnia
             puncta
             exactè
             ,
             quantum
             fieri
             potest
             ,
             contingant
             ,
             illa
             sine
             magna
             difficultate
             ita
             divelli
             non
             possunt
             ,
             ut
             eodem
             instante
             per
             omnia
             puncta
             dirimantur
             .
             Veruntamen
             Marmora
             eadem
             ,
             si
             communis
             eorum
             superficies
             ad
             Horizontem
             erigatur
             ,
             aut
             non
             valde
             inclinetur
             ,
             alterum
             ab
             altero
             facillimè
             (
             ut
             scis
             )
             etiam
             solo
             pondere
             dilabentur
             .
             Nonne
             causa
             hujus
             rei
             haec
             est
             ,
             Quod
             labenti
             Marmori
             succedit
             Aer
             ,
             &
             relictum
             locum
             semper
             implet
             ?
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Certissimé
             .
             Quid
             ergo
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Quando
             verò
             eadem
             uno
             instante
             divellere
             conaris
             ,
             nonne
             multo
             major
             vis
             adhibenda
             est
             ;
             Quam
             ob
             causam
             ?
          
        
         
           
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Ego
             ,
             &
             mecum
             (
             puto
             )
             omnes
             cansam
             statuunt
             ,
             Quod
             spatium
             totum
             inter
             duo
             illa
             Marmora
             divulsa
             ,
             simul
             uno
             instante
             implere
             Aer
             non
             potest
             ,
             quantacunque
             celeritate
             fiat
             divulsio
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             An
             qui
             spatia
             in
             Aere
             dari
             vacua
             contendunt
             ,
             in
             illo
             Aere
             solo
             dari
             negant
             qui
             Marmora
             illa
             conjuncta
             circumdat
             ?
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Minimè
             ,
             sed
             ubique
             interspersa
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Dum
             ergo
             illi
             ,
             qui
             Marmor
             unum
             ab
             altero
             revellentes
             Aerem
             comprimunt
             ,
             &
             per
             consequens
             Vacuum
             exprimunt
             ,
             Vacuum
             faciunt
             locum
             per
             revulsionem
             relictum
             ;
             nulla
             ergo
             separationis
             erit
             difficultas
             ,
             saltem
             non
             major
             quàm
             est
             difficultas
             corpora
             eadem
             movendi
             in
             Aere
             postquam
             separata
             fuerint
             .
             Itaque
             quoniam
             ,
             concesso
             Vacuo
             ,
             difficult
             as
             Marmora
             illa
             dirimendi
             nulla
             est
             ,
             sequitur
             per
             difficultatis
             experientiam
             ,
             nullum
             esse
             Vacuum
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Recte
             quidem
             illud
             infers
             .
             Mundi
             autem
             Plenitudine
             supposita
             ,
             quomodo
             demonstrabis
             possibile
             omnino
             esse
             ut
             divellantur
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Cogita
             primo
             Corpus
             aliquod
             ductile
             ,
             
             nec
             nimis
             durum
             ,
             ut
             ceram
             ,
             in
             duas
             partes
             distrahi
             ,
             quae
             tamen
             partes
             non
             minus
             exacte
             in
             communi
             plano
             se
             mutuo
             tangunt
             quàm
             laevissima
             Marmora
             .
             Jam
             quo
             pacto
             distrahatur
             ●era
             ,
             consideremus
             .
             Nonne
             perpetuo
             attenuatur
             donec
             in
             filum
             evadat
             tenuissimum
             ,
             &
             omni
             dato
             crasso
             tenuius
             ,
             &
             sie
             tandem
             divellitur
             ?
             Eodem
             modo
             etiam
             durissima
             columna
             in
             duas
             partes
             distrahetur
             ,
             si
             vim
             tantam
             adhibeas
             ,
             quanta
             sufficit
             ad
             resistentiam
             duritiei
             superandam
             .
             Sicut
             enim
             in
             card
             partes
             primò
             extimae
             distrahuntur
             ,
             in
             quarum
             locum
             succedit
             Aer
             ;
             ita
             etiam
             in
             Corpore
             quantumlibet
             duro
             Aer
             locum
             subit
             partium
             extimarum
             ,
             quae
             primae
             Vulsionis
             viribus
             dirumpuntur
             .
             Vis
             autem
             quae
             superat
             resistentiam
             partium
             extimarum
             Duri
             ,
             facilè
             superabit
             resistentiam
             reliquarum
             .
             Nam
             resistentia
             prima
             est
             à
             Toto
             Duro
             ,
             reliquarum
             verò
             semper
             à
             Residuo
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             It
             a
             quidem
             videtur
             consideranti
             ,
             quàm
             Corpora
             quaedam
             ,
             praesertim
             verò
             durissima
             ,
             fragilia
             sint
             .
          
           
             Does
             this
             Ratiocination
             seem
             to
             you
             as
             cogent
             ,
             as
             it
             did
             to
             the
             Proposer
             of
             it
             ?
          
        
         
           
           
             B.
             
          
           
             You
             will
             quickly
             think
             it
             does
             not
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             you
             will
             think
             it
             should
             not
             ,
             if
             you
             please
             to
             consider
             with
             me
             some
             of
             the
             Reflections
             that
             the
             Reading
             of
             it
             suggested
             to
             me
             .
          
           
             And
             first
             ,
             without
             declaring
             for
             the
             Vacuists
             Opinion
             ,
             I
             must
             profess
             my self
             unsatisfied
             with
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             way
             of
             arguing
             against
             them
             :
             For
             ,
             where
             he
             says
             ,
             
               Dum
               ergo
               illi
               qui
               Marmor
               unum
               ab
               altero
               revellentes
               Aerem
               comprimunt
               &
               per
               consequens
               Vacuum
               exprimunt
               ,
               Vacuum
               faciunt
               locum
               per
               revulsionem
               relictum
               ;
               nulla
               ergo
               separationis
               erit
               difficultas
               ,
               saltem
               non
               major
               quàm
               est
               difficultas
               corpora
               eadem
               movendi
               in
               Aere
               postquam
               separata
               fuerint
               .
               Itaque
               quoniam
               ,
               concesso
               Vacuo
               ,
               difficultas
               Marmora
               illa
               dirimendi
               nulla
               est
               ,
               sequitur
               per
               difficultatis
               experientiam
               ,
               nullum
               esse
               Vacuum
               .
            
             Methinks
             he
             expresses
             himself
             but
             obscurely
             ,
             and
             leaves
             his
             Readers
             to
             ghess
             ,
             what
             the
             word
             Dum
             refers
             to
             .
             But
             that
             which
             seems
             to
             be
             his
             drift
             in
             this
             passage
             ,
             is
             ,
             that
             ,
             since
             the
             Vacuists
             allow
             interspersed
             Vacuities
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             the
             Air
             
             that
             surrounds
             the
             conjoyned
             Marbles
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             ambient
             Air
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             reason
             ,
             why
             there
             should
             be
             any
             difficulty
             in
             separating
             the
             Marbles
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             any
             greater
             difficulty
             than
             in
             moving
             the
             Marbles
             in
             that
             Air
             after
             their
             separation
             .
             But
             ,
             not
             to
             consider
             ,
             whether
             his
             Adversaries
             will
             not
             accuse
             his
             phrase
             of
             
               squeezing
               out
               a
               Vacuum
            
             as
             if
             it
             were
             a
             Body
             ,
             they
             will
             easily
             answer
             ,
             that
             notwithstanding
             the
             Vacuities
             they
             admit
             in
             the
             ambient
             Air
             ,
             a
             manifest
             reason
             may
             be
             given
             in
             their
             Hypothesis
             of
             our
             finding
             a
             difficulty
             in
             the
             Divulsion
             of
             the
             Marbles
             .
             For
             ,
             the
             Vacuities
             they
             admit
             being
             but
             interspers'd
             ,
             and
             very
             small
             ,
             and
             the
             Corpuscles
             of
             the
             Atmosphere
             being
             according
             to
             them
             endow'd
             with
             Gravity
             ,
             there
             leans
             so
             many
             upon
             the
             upper
             surface
             of
             the
             uppermost
             Marble
             ,
             that
             that
             stone
             cannot
             be
             at
             once
             perpendicularly
             drawn
             up
             from
             the
             lower
             Marble
             contiguous
             to
             it
             ,
             without
             a
             force
             capable
             to
             surmount
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             Aerial
             Corpuscles
             
             that
             lean
             upon
             it
             .
             And
             this
             weight
             has
             already
             so
             constipated
             the
             neighbouring
             parts
             of
             the
             ambient
             Air
             ,
             that
             he
             ,
             that
             would
             perpendicularly
             raise
             the
             upper
             Marble
             from
             the
             lower
             ,
             shall
             need
             a
             considerable
             force
             to
             make
             the
             Revulsion
             ,
             and
             compel
             the
             already
             contiguous
             parts
             of
             the
             incumbent
             Air
             to
             a
             subingression
             into
             the
             pores
             or
             intervals
             intercepted
             between
             them
             .
             For
             the
             Conatus
             of
             him
             ,
             that
             endeavours
             to
             remove
             the
             upper
             Marble
             ,
             whilst
             the
             lower
             surface
             of
             it
             is
             fenc'd
             from
             the
             pressure
             of
             the
             Atmosphere
             by
             the
             Contact
             of
             the
             lower
             Marble
             which
             suffers
             no
             Air
             to
             come
             in
             between
             them
             ,
             is
             not
             assisted
             by
             the
             weight
             or
             pressure
             of
             the
             Atmosphere
             ,
             which
             ,
             when
             the
             Marbles
             are
             once
             separated
             ,
             pressing
             as
             strongly
             against
             the
             undermost
             surface
             of
             the
             upper
             Marble
             ,
             as
             the
             incumbent
             Atmospherical
             Pillar
             does
             against
             the
             upper
             surface
             of
             the
             same
             Marble
             ,
             the
             hand
             that
             endeavours
             to
             raise
             it
             in
             the
             free
             Air
             has
             no
             other
             resistance
             ,
             than
             that
             small
             one
             of
             the
             Marbles
             own
             weight
             to
             surmount
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             A.
             
          
           
             But
             what
             say
             you
             to
             the
             Reason
             that
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ,
             and
             ,
             as
             he
             thinks
             ,
             all
             others
             give
             of
             the
             difficulty
             of
             the
             often
             mention'd
             Divulsion
             ,
             namely
             ,
             
               Quòd
               spatium
               totum
               inter
               duo
               illa
               Marmora
               divulsa
               simul
               uno
               instante
               implere
               Aer
               non
               potest
               ,
               quant
               acunque
               celeritate
               fiat
               divulsio
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             I
             say
             ,
             that
             ,
             for
             ought
             I
             know
             ,
             the
             Plenists
             may
             give
             a
             more
             plausible
             account
             of
             this
             Experiment
             ,
             than
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             has
             here
             done
             ;
             and
             therefore
             abstracting
             from
             the
             two
             opposite
             Hypotheses
             ,
             I
             shall
             further
             say
             ,
             That
             the
             genuine
             Cause
             of
             the
             Phaenomenon
             seems
             to
             be
             that
             which
             I
             have
             already
             assign'd
             ;
             and
             that
             difficulty
             of
             raising
             the
             upper
             stone
             that
             accompanies
             the
             Airs
             not
             being
             able
             to
             come
             in
             all
             at
             once
             ,
             to
             possess
             the
             space
             left
             between
             the
             surfaces
             of
             the
             two
             Marbles
             upon
             their
             separation
             ,
             proceeds
             from
             hence
             ,
             that
             ,
             'till
             that
             space
             be
             fill'd
             with
             the
             Atmospherical
             Air
             ,
             the
             hand
             of
             him
             that
             would
             lift
             up
             the
             superiour
             Marble
             cannot
             be
             fully
             assisted
             by
             the
             pressure
             of
             
             the
             Air
             against
             the
             lower
             surface
             of
             that
             Marble
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             This
             is
             a
             Paradox
             ,
             and
             therefore
             I
             shall
             desire
             to
             know
             on
             what
             you
             ground
             it
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Though
             I
             mention
             it
             but
             as
             a
             Conjecture
             propos'd
             
               ex
               abundanti
               ▪
            
             yet
             I
             shall
             on
             this
             occasion
             countenance
             it
             with
             two
             things
             ;
             the
             
               first
               ▪
            
             that
             ,
             since
             I
             declare
             not
             for
             the
             Hypothesis
             of
             the
             Plenists
             as
             't
             is
             maintain'd
             by
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ,
             I
             am
             not
             bound
             to
             allow
             ,
             what
             the
             common
             Explication
             ,
             adopted
             by
             my
             Adversary
             ,
             supposes
             ;
             namely
             ,
             that
             either
             Nature
             abhors
             a
             Vacuum
             (
             as
             the
             Schools
             would
             have
             it
             ,
             )
             or
             that
             there
             could
             be
             no
             Divulsion
             of
             the
             Marbles
             ,
             unless
             at
             the
             same
             time
             the
             Air
             were
             admitted
             into
             the
             room
             that
             Divulsion
             makes
             for
             it
             .
             And
             a
             Vacuist
             may
             tell
             you
             ,
             that
             ,
             provided
             the
             strength
             employ'd
             to
             draw
             up
             the
             superiour
             Marble
             be
             great
             enough
             to
             surmount
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             Aerial
             Corpuscles
             accumulated
             upon
             it
             ,
             the
             divulsion
             would
             ensue
             ,
             though
             by
             Divine
             Omnipotence
             no
             
             Air
             or
             other
             Body
             should
             be
             permitted
             to
             fill
             the
             room
             made
             for
             it
             by
             the
             divulsion
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             Air
             's
             rushing
             into
             that
             space
             does
             not
             necessarily
             accompany
             ,
             but
             in
             order
             of
             Nature
             and
             time
             follow
             upon
             ,
             a
             separation
             of
             the
             Marbles
             ,
             the
             Air
             that
             surrounded
             their
             contiguous
             surfaces
             being
             by
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             collaterally
             superiour
             Air
             impell'd
             into
             the
             room
             newly
             made
             by
             the
             divulsion
             .
             But
             I
             shall
             rather
             countenance
             what
             you
             call
             my
             Paradox
             by
             an
             Experiment
             I
             purposely
             made
             in
             our
             Pneumatical
             Receiver
             ,
             where
             having
             accommodated
             two
             flat
             and
             polish'd
             Marbles
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             lower
             being
             fixt
             ,
             the
             upper
             might
             be
             laid
             upon
             it
             and
             drawn
             up
             again
             as
             there
             should
             be
             occasion
             ,
             I
             found
             ,
             that
             if
             ,
             when
             the
             Receiver
             was
             well
             exhausted
             ,
             the
             upper
             Marble
             was
             by
             a
             certain
             contrivance
             laid
             flat
             upon
             the
             lower
             ,
             they
             would
             not
             then
             cohere
             as
             formerly
             ,
             but
             be
             with
             great
             ease
             separated
             ,
             though
             it
             did
             not
             by
             any
             Phaenomenon
             appear
             ,
             that
             any
             Air
             could
             
             come
             to
             rush
             in
             ,
             to
             possess
             the
             place
             given
             it
             by
             the
             recess
             of
             the
             upper
             Marble
             ,
             whose
             very
             easie
             avulsion
             is
             as
             easily
             explicable
             by
             our
             Hypothesis
             ;
             since
             the
             pressure
             of
             that
             little
             Air
             ,
             that
             remain'd
             in
             the
             Receiver
             ,
             being
             too
             faint
             to
             make
             any
             at
             all
             considerable
             resistance
             to
             the
             avulsion
             of
             the
             upper
             Marble
             ,
             the
             hand
             that
             drew
             it
             up
             had
             very
             little
             more
             than
             the
             single
             weight
             of
             the
             stone
             to
             surmount
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             An
             Anti-plenist
             had
             expected
             ,
             that
             you
             would
             have
             observed
             ,
             that
             the
             difficult
             separation
             of
             the
             Marbles
             in
             the
             open
             Air
             does
             rather
             prove
             ,
             that
             there
             may
             be
             a
             Vacuum
             ,
             than
             that
             there
             can
             be
             none
             .
             For
             in
             case
             the
             Air
             can
             succeed
             as
             fast
             at
             the
             sides
             as
             the
             divulsion
             is
             made
             ,
             a
             Vacuist
             may
             demand
             ,
             whence
             comes
             the
             difficulty
             of
             the
             separation
             ?
             And
             if
             the
             Air
             cannot
             fill
             the
             whole
             room
             made
             for
             it
             by
             the
             separated
             Marbles
             at
             the
             same
             instant
             they
             are
             forc'd
             asunder
             ,
             how
             is
             a
             Vacuum
             avoided
             for
             that
             time
             ,
             how
             small
             soever
             ,
             that
             is
             necessary
             
             for
             the
             Air
             to
             pass
             from
             the
             edges
             to
             the
             middle
             of
             the
             room
             newly
             made
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             What
             the
             Plenists
             will
             say
             to
             your
             Argument
             I
             leave
             them
             to
             consider
             ;
             but
             I
             presume
             ,
             they
             will
             be
             able
             to
             give
             a
             more
             plausible
             account
             of
             the
             Phaenomenon
             we
             are
             treating
             of
             ,
             than
             is
             given
             by
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             What
             induces
             you
             to
             dislike
             his
             Explication
             of
             it
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Two
             things
             ;
             the
             one
             ,
             that
             I
             think
             the
             Cause
             he
             assigns
             improbable
             ;
             and
             the
             other
             ,
             that
             I
             think
             another
             ,
             that
             is
             better
             ,
             has
             been
             assign'd
             already
             .
          
           
             And
             first
             ,
             whereas
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             requires
             to
             the
             Divulsion
             of
             the
             Marbles
             a
             force
             great
             enough
             to
             surmount
             the
             hardness
             of
             the
             stone
             ,
             this
             is
             asserted
             gratis
             ,
             which
             it
             should
             not
             be
             ;
             since
             it
             seems
             very
             unlikely
             ,
             that
             the
             weight
             of
             so
             few
             pounds
             as
             will
             suffice
             to
             separate
             two
             coherent
             Marbles
             of
             about
             an
             Inch
             ,
             for
             instance
             ,
             in
             Diameter
             ,
             should
             be
             able
             to
             surmount
             the
             hardness
             of
             such
             solid
             
             stones
             as
             we
             usually
             employ
             in
             this
             Experiment
             .
             And
             though
             it
             be
             generally
             judg'd
             more
             easie
             to
             bend
             ,
             if
             it
             may
             be
             ,
             or
             break
             a
             broader
             piece
             of
             Marble
             
               caeteris
               paribus
            
             ,
             than
             a
             much
             narrower
             ;
             yet
             ,
             whereas
             neither
             I
             ,
             nor
             any
             else
             that
             I
             know
             ,
             nor
             I
             believe
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ,
             ever
             observ'd
             any
             difference
             in
             the
             resistance
             of
             Marbles
             to
             separation
             from
             the
             greater
             or
             lesser
             thickness
             of
             the
             stones
             ;
             I
             find
             by
             constant
             experience
             ,
             that
             ,
             
               caeteris
               paribus
            
             ,
             the
             broadness
             of
             the
             coherent
             Marbles
             does
             exceedingly
             increase
             the
             difficulty
             of
             disjoyning
             them
             :
             Insomuch
             that
             ,
             whereas
             not
             many
             pounds
             ,
             as
             I
             was
             saying
             ,
             would
             separate
             Marbles
             of
             an
             Inch
             ,
             or
             a
             lesser
             ,
             Diameter
             ;
             when
             I
             increased
             their
             Diameter
             to
             about
             four
             Inches
             ,
             if
             I
             misremember
             not
             ,
             there
             were
             several
             Men
             that
             successively
             try'd
             to
             pull
             them
             asunder
             without
             being
             able
             by
             their
             utmost
             force
             to
             effect
             it
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             But
             what
             say
             you
             to
             the
             Illustration
             ,
             that
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ,
             upon
             the
             supposition
             of
             the
             Worlds
             Plenitude
             ,
             
             gives
             of
             our
             Phaenomenon
             by
             drawing
             asunder
             the
             opposite
             parts
             of
             a
             piece
             of
             Wax
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             To
             me
             it
             seems
             an
             Instance
             improper
             enough
             .
             For
             first
             ,
             the
             parts
             that
             are
             to
             be
             divided
             in
             the
             Wax
             are
             of
             a
             soft
             and
             yielding
             consistence
             ,
             and
             according
             to
             him
             of
             a
             ductile
             ,
             or
             ,
             if
             you
             please
             ,
             of
             a
             tractile
             nature
             ,
             and
             not
             ,
             as
             the
             parts
             of
             the
             coherent
             Marbles
             ,
             very
             solid
             and
             hard
             .
             Next
             ,
             the
             parts
             of
             the
             Wax
             do
             not
             stick
             together
             barely
             by
             a
             superficial
             contact
             of
             two
             smooth
             Planes
             ,
             as
             do
             the
             Marbles
             we
             are
             speaking
             of
             ;
             but
             have
             their
             parts
             implicated
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             intangled
             with
             one
             another
             .
             And
             therefore
             they
             are
             far
             from
             a
             disposition
             to
             slide
             off
             ,
             like
             the
             Marbles
             ,
             from
             one
             another
             ,
             in
             how
             commodious
             a
             posture
             soever
             you
             place
             them
             .
             Besides
             't
             is
             manifest
             ,
             that
             the
             Air
             has
             opportunity
             to
             succeed
             in
             the
             places
             successively
             deserted
             by
             the
             receding
             parts
             of
             the
             attenuated
             Wax
             ;
             but
             't
             is
             neither
             manifest
             ,
             nor
             as
             yet
             well
             proved
             by
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ,
             that
             the
             
             Air
             does
             after
             the
             same
             manner
             succeed
             between
             the
             two
             Marbles
             ,
             which
             ,
             as
             I
             lately
             noted
             ,
             are
             not
             forced
             asunder
             after
             such
             a
             way
             ,
             but
             are
             ,
             as
             himself
             speaks
             ,
             sever'd
             in
             all
             their
             points
             at
             the
             same
             instant
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             I
             know
             ,
             you
             forget
             not
             what
             he
             says
             of
             the
             dividing
             of
             a
             hard
             Column
             into
             two
             parts
             by
             a
             force
             sufficient
             to
             overcome
             the
             resistance
             of
             its
             hardness
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             He
             does
             not
             here
             either
             affirm
             ,
             that
             he
             ,
             or
             any
             he
             can
             trust
             ,
             has
             seen
             the
             thing
             done
             ;
             nor
             does
             he
             give
             us
             any
             such
             account
             of
             the
             way
             wherein
             the
             Pillar
             is
             to
             be
             broken
             ,
             whether
             in
             an
             erected
             ,
             inclined
             ,
             or
             horizontal
             posture
             ;
             nor
             describe
             the
             particular
             circumstances
             that
             were
             fit
             to
             be
             mention'd
             in
             order
             to
             the
             solution
             of
             the
             Phaenomenon
             .
             Wherefore
             ,
             'till
             I
             be
             better
             inform'd
             of
             the
             matter
             of
             fact
             ,
             I
             can
             scarce
             look
             upon
             what
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             says
             of
             the
             Pillar
             ,
             as
             other
             than
             his
             Conjecture
             ,
             which
             now
             I
             shall
             the
             rather
             pass
             by
             ,
             not
             only
             because
             the
             case
             is
             differing
             
             from
             that
             of
             our
             polish'd
             Marbles
             ,
             which
             are
             actually
             distinct
             Bodies
             ,
             and
             only
             contiguous
             in
             one
             Commissure
             ;
             but
             also
             ,
             because
             I
             would
             hasten
             to
             the
             second
             reason
             of
             my
             dislike
             of
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             Explication
             of
             our
             Phaenomenon
             ,
             which
             is
             ,
             that
             a
             better
             has
             been
             given
             already
             ,
             from
             the
             pressure
             of
             the
             Atmosphere
             upon
             all
             the
             superficial
             parts
             of
             the
             upper
             Marble
             save
             those
             that
             touch
             the
             Plane
             of
             the
             lower
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             You
             would
             have
             put
             fair
             for
             convincing
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             himself
             ,
             at
             least
             would
             have
             put
             him
             to
             unusual
             shifts
             ,
             if
             you
             had
             succeeded
             in
             the
             attempt
             you
             made
             ,
             among
             other
             of
             your
             Physico-Mechanical
             Experiments
             ,
             to
             disjoyn
             two
             coherent
             Marbles
             ,
             by
             suspending
             them
             horizontally
             in
             your
             Pneumatical
             Receiver
             ,
             and
             pumping
             out
             the
             Air
             that
             inviron'd
             them
             ;
             for
             ,
             from
             your
             failing
             in
             that
             attempt
             ,
             though
             you
             rendred
             a
             not
             improbable
             Reason
             of
             it
             ,
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             took
             occasion
             ,
             in
             his
             Dialogue
             
               De
               Natura
               Aeris
            
             ,
             to
             speak
             in
             
             
               so
               high
               a
               strain
               as
               this
               :
            
             Nihil
             isthic
             erat
             quod
             ageret
             pondus
             ;
             Experimento
             hoc
             excogitari
             contra
             opinionem
             eorum
             qui
             Vacuum
             asserunt
             aliud
             argumentum
             fortius
             aut
             evidentius
             non
             potuit
             .
             Nam
             si
             duorum
             cohaerentium
             alterutrum
             secundùm
             eam
             viam
             ,
             in
             qua
             jacent
             ipsae
             contiguae
             superficies
             ,
             propulsum
             esset
             ,
             facile
             separarentur
             ,
             Aere
             praximo
             in
             locum
             relictum
             successivè
             semper
             influente
             ;
             sed
             illa
             ita
             divellere
             ,
             ut
             simul
             totum
             amitterent
             contactum
             ,
             impossibile
             est
             ,
             mundo
             pleno
             .
             Oporteret
             enim
             aut
             motum
             fieri
             ab
             uno
             termino
             ad
             alium
             in
             instante
             ,
             aut
             duo
             corpora
             eodem
             tempore
             in
             eodem
             esse
             loco
             :
             Quorum
             utrumvis
             dicere
             ,
             est
             absurdum
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             You
             may
             remember
             ,
             that
             where
             I
             relate
             that
             Experiment
             ,
             I
             express'd
             a
             hope
             ,
             that
             ,
             when
             I
             should
             be
             better
             accommodated
             than
             I
             then
             was
             ,
             I
             might
             attempt
             the
             Tryal
             with
             prosperous
             success
             ,
             and
             accordingly
             afterwards
             ,
             having
             got
             a
             lesser
             Engine
             than
             that
             I
             used
             before
             ,
             wherewith
             the
             Air
             might
             be
             better
             pumpt
             out
             and
             longer
             kept
             out
             ,
             I
             cheerfully
             repeated
             the
             Tryal
             .
             To
             shew
             then
             ,
             
             that
             when
             two
             coherent
             Marbles
             are
             sustained
             horizontally
             in
             the
             Air
             ,
             the
             Cause
             ,
             why
             they
             are
             not
             to
             be
             forc'd
             asunder
             ,
             if
             they
             have
             two
             or
             three
             Inches
             in
             Diameter
             ,
             without
             the
             help
             of
             a
             considerable
             weight
             ,
             is
             the
             pressure
             I
             was
             lately
             mentioning
             of
             the
             ambient
             Air
             ;
             I
             caused
             two
             such
             coherent
             Marbles
             to
             be
             suspended
             in
             a
             large
             Receiver
             ,
             with
             a
             weight
             at
             the
             lowermost
             ,
             that
             might
             help
             to
             keep
             them
             steddy
             ,
             but
             was
             very
             inconsiderable
             to
             that
             which
             their
             Cohesion
             might
             have
             surmounted
             ;
             then
             causing
             the
             Air
             to
             be
             pumpt
             by
             degrees
             out
             of
             the
             Receiver
             ,
             for
             a
             good
             while
             the
             Marbles
             stuck
             close
             together
             ,
             because
             during
             that
             time
             the
             Air
             could
             not
             be
             so
             far
             pumpt
             out
             ,
             but
             that
             there
             remained
             enough
             to
             sustain
             the
             small
             weight
             that
             endeavoured
             their
             divulsion
             :
             But
             when
             the
             Air
             was
             further
             pumpt
             out
             ,
             at
             length
             the
             Spring
             of
             the
             little
             ,
             but
             not
             a
             little
             expanded
             ,
             Air
             ,
             that
             remained
             ,
             being
             grown
             too
             weak
             to
             sustain
             the
             lower
             Marble
             
             and
             its
             small
             clog
             ,
             they
             did
             ,
             as
             I
             expected
             ,
             drop
             off
             ▪
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             This
             will
             not
             agree
             over-well
             with
             the
             confident
             and
             triumphant
             expressions
             just
             now
             necited
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             I
             never
             envied
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             forwardness
             to
             triumph
             ,
             and
             am
             content
             ,
             his
             Conjectures
             be
             recommended
             by
             the
             confidence
             that
             accompanies
             them
             ,
             if
             mine
             be
             by
             the
             success
             that
             follows
             them
             .
             But
             to
             confirm
             the
             Explication
             given
             by
             me
             of
             our
             Phaenomenon
             ,
             I
             shall
             add
             ,
             that
             as
             the
             last
             mention'd
             Tryal
             ,
             which
             I
             had
             several
             times
             occasion
             to
             repeat
             ,
             shews
             ,
             that
             the
             cohesion
             of
             our
             two
             contiguous
             Marbles
             would
             cease
             upon
             the
             withdrawing
             of
             the
             pressure
             of
             the
             Atmosphere
             ;
             so
             by
             another
             Experiment
             I
             made
             ,
             it
             appears
             ,
             that
             the
             supervening
             of
             that
             pressure
             sufficed
             to
             cause
             that
             Cohesion
             .
             For
             ,
             in
             prosecution
             of
             one
             of
             the
             lately
             mentioned
             Tryals
             ,
             having
             found
             ,
             that
             when
             the
             Receiver
             was
             well
             exhausted
             ,
             two
             Marbles
             ,
             though
             considerably
             broad
             ,
             being
             laid
             upon
             one
             
             another
             after
             the
             requisite
             manner
             ,
             their
             adhesion
             was
             ,
             if
             any
             at
             all
             ,
             so
             weak
             ,
             that
             the
             uppermost
             would
             be
             easily
             drawn
             up
             from
             off
             the
             other
             ;
             we
             laid
             them
             again
             one
             upon
             the
             other
             ,
             and
             then
             letting
             the
             external
             Air
             flow
             into
             the
             Receiver
             ,
             we
             found
             ,
             according
             to
             expectation
             ,
             that
             the
             Marbles
             now
             cohered
             well
             ,
             and
             we
             could
             not
             raise
             the
             uppermost
             but
             accompanied
             with
             the
             lowermost
             .
             But
             I
             am
             sensible
             ,
             I
             have
             detained
             you
             too
             long
             upon
             the
             single
             Experiment
             of
             the
             Marbles
             :
             And
             though
             I
             hope
             the
             stress
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             lays
             on
             it
             will
             plead
             my
             excuse
             ,
             yet
             to
             make
             your
             Patience
             some
             amends
             ,
             I
             shall
             be
             the
             more
             brief
             in
             the
             other
             particulars
             that
             remain
             to
             be
             consider'd
             in
             his
             Dialogue
             
               De
               Vacuo
            
             .
             And
             't
             will
             not
             be
             difficult
             for
             me
             to
             keep
             my
             promise
             without
             injuring
             my
             Cause
             ,
             since
             almost
             all
             these
             particulars
             being
             but
             the
             same
             which
             he
             has
             already
             alledged
             in
             his
             Dialogue
             
               De
               Natura
               Aeris
            
             ,
             and
             I
             soon
             after
             answered
             in
             my
             Examen
             of
             that
             Dialogue
             ,
             
             I
             shall
             need
             but
             to
             refer
             you
             to
             the
             passages
             where
             you
             may
             find
             these
             Allegations
             examin'd
             ,
             only
             subjoyning
             here
             some
             Reflections
             upon
             those
             few
             and
             slight
             things
             ,
             that
             he
             has
             added
             in
             his
             Problems
             
               De
               Vacuo
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             I
             may
             then
             ,
             I
             suppose
             ,
             read
             to
             you
             the
             next
             passage
             to
             that
             long
             one
             ,
             you
             have
             hitherto
             been
             considering
             ,
             and
             it
             is
             this
             :
             
               Ad
               Vacuum
               nunc
               revertor
               :
               Quas
               causas
               sine
               suppositione
               Vacui
               redditurus
               es
               illorum
               effectuum
               ,
               qui
               ostenduntur
               per
               Machinam
               illam
               quae
               est
               in
               Collegio
            
             Greshamensi
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Machina
             illa
             —
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Stop
             here
             ,
             I
             beseech
             you
             ,
             a
             little
             ,
             that
             ,
             before
             we
             go
             any
             further
             ,
             I
             may
             take
             notice
             to
             you
             of
             a
             couple
             of
             things
             that
             will
             concern
             our
             subsequent
             Discourse
             .
          
           
             Whereof
             the
             first
             is
             ,
             that
             it
             appears
             by
             Mr.
             
               Hobbes's
               Dialogue
               about
               the
               Air
            
             ,
             that
             the
             Explications
             he
             there
             gave
             of
             some
             of
             the
             Phaenomena
             of
             the
             
               Machina
               Boyliana
            
             ,
             were
             directed
             partly
             against
             the
             Virtuosi
             ,
             that
             have
             since
             been
             honour'd
             with
             the
             Title
             
             of
             the
             
               Royal
               Society
            
             ,
             and
             partly
             against
             the
             Author
             of
             that
             Engine
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             main
             thing
             therein
             design'd
             were
             to
             prove
             a
             Vacuum
             .
             And
             since
             he
             now
             repeats
             the
             same
             explications
             ,
             I
             think
             it
             necessary
             to
             say
             again
             ,
             that
             if
             he
             either
             takes
             the
             Society
             or
             me
             for
             profess'd
             Vacuists
             ,
             he
             mistakes
             ,
             and
             shoots
             beside
             the
             mark
             ;
             for
             ,
             neither
             they
             nor
             I
             have
             ever
             yet
             declar'd
             either
             for
             or
             against
             a
             Vacuum
             .
          
           
             And
             the
             other
             thing
             I
             would
             observe
             to
             you
             ,
             is
             ,
             that
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             seems
             not
             to
             have
             rightly
             understood
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             not
             to
             have
             sufficiently
             heeded
             in
             what
             chiefly
             consists
             the
             advantage
             ,
             which
             the
             Vacuists
             may
             make
             of
             our
             Engine
             against
             him
             :
             For
             ,
             whereas
             in
             divers
             places
             he
             is
             very
             solicitous
             to
             prove
             ,
             that
             the
             cavity
             of
             our
             Pneumatical
             Receiver
             is
             not
             altogether
             empty
             ,
             the
             Vacuists
             may
             tell
             him
             ,
             that
             since
             he
             asserts
             the
             absolute
             plenitude
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             he
             must
             ,
             as
             indeed
             he
             does
             ,
             reject
             not
             only
             great
             Vacuities
             ,
             but
             also
             those
             very
             small
             and
             interspers'd
             
             ones
             ,
             that
             they
             suppose
             to
             be
             intercepted
             between
             the
             solid
             corpuscles
             of
             other
             bodies
             ,
             particularly
             of
             the
             Air
             :
             So
             that
             it
             would
             not
             confute
             them
             to
             prove
             ,
             that
             in
             our
             Receiver
             ,
             when
             most
             diligently
             exhausted
             ,
             there
             is
             not
             one
             great
             and
             absolute
             Vacuity
             ,
             or
             ,
             as
             they
             speak
             ,
             a
             
               Vacuum
               coacervatum
            
             ,
             since
             smaller
             and
             disseminated
             Vacuities
             would
             serve
             their
             turn
             .
             And
             therefore
             they
             may
             think
             their
             Pretensions
             highly
             favour'd
             ,
             as
             by
             several
             particular
             effects
             ,
             so
             by
             this
             general
             Phaenomenon
             of
             our
             Engine
             ,
             that
             it
             appears
             by
             several
             Circumstances
             ,
             that
             the
             Common
             or
             Atmospherical
             Air
             ,
             which
             ,
             before
             the
             pump
             is
             set
             a
             work
             ,
             possess'd
             the
             whole
             cavity
             of
             our
             Receiver
             ,
             far
             the
             greatest
             part
             is
             by
             the
             intervention
             of
             the
             pump
             made
             to
             pass
             out
             of
             the
             cavity
             into
             the
             open
             Air
             ,
             without
             being
             able
             ,
             at
             least
             for
             a
             little
             while
             ,
             to
             get
             in
             again
             ;
             and
             yet
             it
             does
             not
             appear
             by
             any
             thing
             alledg'd
             by
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ,
             that
             any
             other
             body
             succeeds
             to
             fill
             adequately
             
             the
             places
             deserted
             by
             such
             a
             multitude
             of
             Aerial
             corpuscles
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             If
             I
             ghess
             aright
             ,
             by
             those
             words
             ,
             (
             viz.
             
               it
               appears
               not
               by
               any
               thing
               alledg'd
               by
               Mr.
            
             Hobbes
             ,
             )
             you
             design
             to
             intimate
             ,
             that
             you
             would
             not
             in
             general
             prejudice
             the
             Plenists
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Your
             conjecture
             was
             well
             founded
             :
             For
             I
             think
             divers
             of
             them
             ,
             and
             particularly
             the
             Cartesians
             ,
             who
             suppose
             a
             subtile
             Matter
             or
             Aether
             fine
             enough
             to
             permeate
             glass
             ,
             though
             our
             common
             Air
             cannot
             do
             it
             ,
             have
             not
             near
             so
             difficult
             a
             task
             to
             avoid
             the
             Arguments
             the
             Vacuists
             may
             draw
             from
             our
             Engine
             ,
             as
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ,
             who
             ,
             without
             having
             recourse
             to
             the
             porosity
             of
             glass
             ,
             which
             indeed
             is
             impervious
             to
             common
             Air
             ,
             strives
             to
             solve
             the
             Phaenomena
             ,
             and
             prove
             our
             Receiver
             to
             be
             always
             perfectly
             full
             ,
             and
             therefore
             as
             full
             at
             any
             one
             time
             as
             at
             any
             other
             of
             common
             or
             Atmospherical
             Air
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             we
             can
             judge
             of
             his
             opinion
             by
             the
             tendency
             or
             import
             of
             his
             Explications
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Yet
             ,
             if
             I
             were
             rightly
             inform'd
             
             of
             an
             Experiment
             of
             yours
             ,
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             may
             be
             thereby
             reduc'd
             either
             to
             pass
             over
             to
             the
             Vacuists
             ,
             or
             to
             acknowledge
             some
             Aetherial
             or
             other
             matter
             more
             subtil
             than
             Air
             ,
             and
             capable
             of
             passing
             through
             the
             pores
             of
             glass
             ;
             and
             therefore
             ,
             to
             shew
             your self
             impartial
             between
             the
             Vacuists
             and
             their
             Adversaries
             in
             this
             Controversie
             ,
             I
             hope
             you
             will
             not
             refuse
             to
             gratifie
             the
             Plenists
             by
             giving
             your
             friends
             a
             more
             particular
             account
             of
             the
             Experiment
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             I
             know
             which
             you
             mean
             ,
             and
             remember
             it
             very
             well
             .
             For
             ,
             though
             I
             long
             since
             devis'd
             it
             ,
             yet
             having
             but
             the
             other
             day
             had
             occasion
             to
             peruse
             the
             Relation
             I
             writ
             down
             of
             one
             of
             the
             best
             Tryals
             ,
             I
             think
             I
             can
             repeat
             it
             ,
             almost
             in
             the
             very
             words
             ,
             which
             ,
             if
             I
             mistake
             not
             ,
             were
             these
             :
          
           
             There
             was
             taken
             a
             Bubble
             of
             thin
             white
             glass
             ,
             about
             the
             bigness
             of
             a
             Nutmeg
             ,
             with
             a
             very
             slender
             stem
             ,
             of
             about
             four
             or
             five
             Inches
             long
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             bigness
             of
             a
             Crows-quill
             .
             
             The
             end
             of
             the
             Quill
             being
             held
             in
             the
             flame
             of
             a
             Lamp
             blown
             with
             a
             pair
             of
             Bellows
             ,
             was
             readily
             and
             well
             seal'd
             up
             ,
             and
             presently
             the
             globous
             part
             of
             the
             glass
             ,
             being
             held
             by
             the
             stem
             ,
             was
             kept
             turning
             in
             the
             flame
             ,
             'till
             it
             was
             red
             hot
             and
             ready
             to
             melt
             ;
             then
             being
             a
             little
             removed
             from
             the
             flame
             ,
             as
             the
             included
             Air
             began
             to
             lose
             of
             its
             agitation
             and
             spring
             ,
             the
             external
             Air
             manifestly
             and
             considerably
             press'd
             in
             one
             of
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             Bubble
             .
             But
             the
             glass
             being
             again
             ,
             before
             the
             cold
             could
             crack
             it
             ,
             held
             as
             before
             in
             the
             flame
             ,
             the
             rarified
             Air
             distended
             and
             plump'd
             up
             the
             Bubble
             ;
             which
             being
             the
             second
             time
             remov'd
             from
             the
             flame
             ,
             was
             the
             second
             time
             compress'd
             ;
             and
             ,
             being
             the
             third
             time
             brought
             back
             to
             the
             flame
             ,
             swell'd
             as
             before
             ,
             and
             remov'd
             ,
             was
             again
             compress'd
             ,
             (
             either
             this
             time
             or
             the
             last
             by
             two
             distinct
             cavities
             ;
             )
             'till
             at
             length
             ,
             having
             satisfied
             our selves
             ,
             that
             the
             included
             Air
             was
             capable
             of
             being
             condens'd
             or
             dilated
             without
             the
             ingress
             or
             
             egress
             of
             Air
             (
             properly
             so
             called
             )
             we
             held
             the
             Bubble
             so
             long
             in
             the
             flame
             ,
             strengthen'd
             by
             nimble
             blasts
             ,
             that
             not
             only
             it
             had
             its
             sides
             plump'd
             up
             ,
             but
             a
             hole
             violently
             broken
             in
             it
             by
             the
             over-rarified
             Air
             ,
             which
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             former
             watchfulness
             ,
             we
             imploy'd
             from
             time
             to
             time
             to
             discern
             if
             it
             were
             any
             where
             crackt
             or
             perforated
             ,
             satisfied
             us
             that
             it
             was
             till
             then
             intire
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             I
             confess
             ,
             I
             did
             not
             readily
             conceive
             before
             ,
             how
             you
             could
             ,
             (
             as
             I
             was
             told
             you
             had
             ,
             )
             make
             a
             solid
             Vessel
             ,
             wherein
             there
             was
             no
             danger
             of
             the
             Aires
             getting
             in
             or
             out
             ,
             whose
             cavity
             should
             be
             still
             possest
             with
             the
             same
             Air
             ,
             and
             yet
             the
             Vessel
             be
             made
             by
             turns
             bigger
             and
             lesser
             .
             And
             ,
             though
             I
             presently
             thought
             upon
             a
             well
             stopt
             bladder
             ,
             yet
             I
             well
             foresaw
             ,
             that
             a
             distrustful
             Adversary
             might
             make
             some
             Objections
             ,
             which
             are
             by
             your
             way
             of
             proceeding
             obviated
             ,
             and
             the
             Experiment
             agrees
             with
             your
             Doctrine
             in
             shewing
             ,
             how
             impervious
             we
             may
             well
             think
             your
             thick
             
             Pneumatick
             Receivers
             are
             to
             common
             Air
             ,
             since
             a
             thin
             glass
             Bubble
             ,
             when
             its
             pores
             were
             open'd
             or
             relax'd
             by
             flame
             ,
             would
             not
             give
             passage
             to
             the
             Springy
             particles
             of
             the
             Air
             ,
             though
             violently
             agitated
             ;
             for
             if
             those
             particles
             could
             have
             got
             out
             of
             the
             pores
             ,
             they
             never
             would
             have
             broke
             the
             Bubble
             ,
             as
             at
             length
             a
             more
             violent
             degree
             of
             Heat
             made
             them
             do
             ;
             nor
             probably
             would
             the
             Compression
             ,
             that
             afterwards
             insued
             of
             the
             Bubble
             by
             the
             ambient
             Air
             ,
             be
             checkt
             near
             so
             soon
             ,
             if
             those
             Springy
             Corpuscles
             had
             not
             remained
             within
             to
             make
             the
             resistance
             .
             Methinks
             ,
             one
             may
             hence
             draw
             a
             new
             proof
             of
             what
             I
             remember
             you
             elsewhere
             teach
             ,
             that
             the
             Spring
             of
             the
             Air
             may
             be
             much
             strengthen'd
             by
             Heat
             .
             For
             ,
             in
             our
             case
             ,
             the
             Spring
             of
             the
             Air
             was
             thereby
             inabled
             to
             expand
             the
             comprest
             glass
             ,
             it
             was
             imprison'd
             in
             ,
             in
             spite
             of
             the
             resisting
             pressure
             of
             the
             external
             Air
             ;
             and
             yet
             ,
             that
             this
             pressure
             was
             considerable
             ,
             appears
             by
             this
             ,
             that
             the
             weight
             of
             so
             small
             a
             Column
             
             of
             Atmospherical
             Air
             ,
             as
             could
             bear
             upon
             the
             Bubble
             ,
             was
             able
             to
             press
             in
             the
             heated
             glass
             ,
             in
             spite
             of
             the
             resistance
             of
             its
             tenacity
             and
             arched
             figure
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Yet
             that
             which
             I
             mainly
             design'd
             in
             this
             Experiment
             was
             ,
             (
             if
             I
             were
             able
             )
             to
             shew
             and
             prove
             at
             once
             ,
             by
             an
             Instance
             not
             lyable
             to
             the
             ordinary
             exceptions
             ,
             the
             true
             Nature
             of
             Rarefaction
             and
             Condensation
             ,
             at
             least
             of
             the
             Air.
             For
             ,
             to
             say
             nothing
             of
             the
             Peripatetick
             Rarefaction
             and
             Condensation
             ,
             strictly
             so
             call'd
             ,
             which
             I
             scruple
             not
             to
             declare
             ,
             I
             think
             to
             be
             physically
             inconceptible
             or
             impossible
             ;
             't
             is
             plain
             by
             our
             Experiment
             ,
             that
             ,
             when
             the
             Bubble
             ,
             after
             the
             Glass
             had
             been
             first
             thrust
             in
             towards
             the
             Center
             ,
             was
             expanded
             again
             by
             heat
             ,
             the
             included
             Air
             possess'd
             more
             room
             than
             before
             ,
             and
             yet
             it
             could
             perfectly
             fill
             no
             more
             room
             than
             formerly
             ,
             each
             Aerial
             Particle
             taking
             up
             ,
             both
             before
             and
             after
             the
             heating
             of
             the
             Bubble
             ,
             a
             portion
             of
             space
             adequate
             to
             its
             own
             bulk
             ;
             so
             that
             in
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             
             expanded
             Bubble
             we
             must
             admit
             either
             Vacuities
             interspers'd
             between
             the
             Corpuscles
             of
             the
             Air
             ,
             or
             that
             some
             fine
             Particles
             of
             the
             Flame
             ,
             or
             other
             subtil
             matter
             ,
             came
             in
             to
             fill
             up
             those
             Intervals
             ,
             which
             matter
             must
             have
             enter'd
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             Glass
             at
             its
             pores
             :
             And
             afterwards
             ,
             when
             the
             red-hot
             Bubble
             was
             removed
             from
             the
             flame
             ,
             it
             is
             evident
             ,
             that
             ,
             since
             the
             grosser
             particles
             of
             the
             Air
             could
             not
             get
             through
             the
             Glass
             ,
             which
             they
             were
             not
             able
             to
             do
             ,
             even
             when
             vehemently
             agitated
             by
             an
             ambient
             Flame
             ,
             the
             Compression
             of
             the
             Bubble
             ,
             and
             the
             Condensation
             of
             the
             Air
             ,
             which
             was
             necessarily
             consequent
             upon
             it
             ,
             could
             not
             ,
             supposing
             the
             Plenitude
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             be
             performed
             without
             squeezing
             out
             some
             of
             the
             subtil
             matter
             contained
             in
             the
             cavity
             of
             the
             Bubble
             ,
             whence
             it
             could
             not
             issue
             but
             at
             the
             pores
             of
             the
             Glass
             .
             But
             I
             will
             no
             longer
             detain
             you
             from
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             his
             Explications
             of
             the
             
               Machina
               Boyliana
            
             ;
             to
             the
             first
             of
             which
             you
             may
             now
             ,
             if
             you
             please
             ,
             advance
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             A.
             
          
           
             The
             passage
             I
             was
             going
             to
             read
             ,
             when
             you
             interrupted
             me
             ,
             was
             this
             :
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Machina
             illa
             eosdem
             effectus
             producit
             ,
             quos
             produceret
             in
             loco
             non
             magno
             magnus
             inclusus
             ventus
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Quomodo
             ingreditur
             istuo
             ventus
             ?
             Machinam
             nosti
             Cylindrum
             esse
             cavum
             ,
             sneum
             ,
             in
             quem
             protruditur
             Cylindrus
             alius
             solidus
             ligneus
             ,
             coriotectus
             ,
             (
             quem
             suctorem
             dicunt
             )
             it
             a
             exquisitè
             congruens
             ,
             ut
             ne
             minimus
             quidem
             Aer
             inter
             corium
             &
             aes
             intrare
             (
             ut
             putant
             )
             possit
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Scio
             ,
             &
             quò
             Suctor
             facilius
             intrudi
             possit
             ,
             foramen
             quoddam
             est
             in
             superiori
             parte
             Cylindri
             ,
             per
             quod
             Aer
             (
             qui
             suctoris
             ingressum
             alioqui
             impedire
             possit
             )
             emittatur
             .
             Quod
             foramen
             aperire
             possunt
             &
             clandere
             quoties
             usus
             postulat
             .
             Est
             etiam
             in
             Cylindri
             cavi
             recessu
             summo
             datus
             aditus
             Aeri
             in
             globum
             concavum
             Vitreum
             ,
             quem
             etiam
             aditum
             claviculâ
             obturare
             &
             aperire
             possunt
             quoties
             volunt
             .
             Denique
             in
             globo
             vitreo
             summo
             relinquitur
             foramen
             satis
             amplum
             ,
             (
             claviculâ
             item
             claudendum
             &
             recludendum
             )
             ut
             in
             illum
             quae
             volunt
             immittere
             possint
             ,
             experiendi
             causâ
          
        
         
           
           
             B.
             
          
           
             The
             imaginary
             wind
             to
             which
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             here
             ascribes
             the
             effects
             of
             our
             Engine
             ,
             he
             formerly
             had
             recourse
             to
             in
             the
             13th
             page
             of
             his
             Dialogue
             ,
             and
             I
             have
             sufficiently
             answer'd
             that
             passage
             of
             it
             in
             the
             45th
             and
             46th
             pages
             of
             my
             Examen
             ,
             to
             which
             I
             therefore
             refer
             you
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             I
             presume
             ,
             you
             did
             not
             overlook
             the
             comparison
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             annexes
             to
             what
             I
             last
             read
             out
             of
             his
             Problems
             ,
             since
             he
             liked
             the
             conceit
             so
             well
             ,
             that
             we
             meet
             with
             it
             in
             this
             place
             again
             ,
             though
             he
             had
             formerly
             printed
             it
             in
             his
             Dialogue
             
               De
               Natura
               Aeris
            
             .
             The
             words
             (
             as
             you
             see
             )
             are
             these
             :
             
               Tota
               denique
               Machina
               non
               multum
               differt
               ,
               si
               naturam
               ejus
               spectes
               ,
               à
               Sclopeto
               ex
               Sambuco
               ,
               quo
               pueri
               se
               delectant
               ,
               imitantes
               Sclopetos
               militum
               ,
               nisi
               quòd
               major
               sit
               ,
               &
               majori
               arte
               fabricatus
               ,
               &
               pluris
               constet
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             I
             could
             scarce
             ,
             for
             the
             reason
             you
             give
             ,
             avoid
             taking
             notice
             of
             it
             .
             And
             if
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             intended
             it
             for
             a
             piece
             of
             Ralliery
             ,
             I
             willingly
             let
             it
             pass
             ,
             and
             could
             easily
             forgive
             him
             a
             more
             
             considerable
             attempt
             than
             this
             ,
             to
             be
             reveng'd
             on
             an
             Engine
             that
             has
             destroyed
             several
             of
             his
             opinions
             :
             But
             ,
             if
             he
             seriously
             meant
             to
             make
             a
             Physical
             Comparison
             ,
             I
             think
             he
             made
             a
             very
             improper
             one
             .
             For
             ,
             not
             to
             urge
             ,
             that
             one
             may
             well
             doubt
             how
             he
             knows
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             inclosed
             cavity
             of
             his
             Pot-gun
             ,
             there
             is
             a
             very
             vehement
             wind
             ,
             (
             since
             that
             does
             not
             necessarily
             follow
             from
             the
             compreffion
             of
             the
             included
             Air
             :
             )
             In
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             Instrument
             ,
             the
             Air
             ,
             being
             forcibly
             comprest
             ,
             has
             an
             endeavour
             to
             expand
             it self
             ,
             and
             when
             it
             is
             able
             to
             surmount
             the
             resistance
             of
             its
             prison
             ,
             that
             part
             that
             is
             first
             disjoyn'd
             is
             forcibly
             thrown
             outwards
             ;
             whereas
             in
             our
             Engine
             it
             appears
             by
             the
             passage
             lately
             cited
             of
             our
             Examen
             ,
             that
             the
             Air
             is
             not
             comprest
             but
             expanded
             in
             our
             Receiver
             ,
             and
             if
             an
             intercourse
             be
             open'd
             ,
             or
             the
             Vessel
             be
             not
             strong
             enough
             ,
             the
             outward
             Air
             violently
             rushes
             in
             :
             And
             if
             the
             Receiver
             chance
             to
             break
             ,
             the
             fragments
             of
             the
             glass
             are
             not
             thrown
             outwards
             ,
             but
             forced
             inwards
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             A.
             
          
           
             So
             that
             ,
             whether
             or
             no
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             could
             have
             pitch'd
             upon
             a
             Comparison
             more
             suitable
             to
             his
             Intentions
             ,
             he
             might
             easily
             have
             imployed
             one
             more
             suitable
             to
             the
             Phaenomena
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             I
             presume
             ,
             you
             will
             judge
             it
             the
             less
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Phaenomena
             ,
             if
             I
             here
             subjoyn
             an
             Experiment
             ,
             that
             possibly
             you
             will
             not
             dislike
             ;
             which
             I
             devis'd
             to
             shew
             ,
             not
             only
             that
             in
             our
             exhausted
             Receivers
             there
             is
             no
             such
             strong
             endeavour
             outwards
             ,
             as
             most
             of
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             Explications
             of
             the
             things
             that
             happen
             in
             them
             are
             built
             upon
             ,
             but
             that
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             Atmospherical
             Air
             ,
             when
             't
             is
             not
             resisted
             by
             the
             counterpressure
             of
             any
             internal
             Air
             ,
             is
             able
             to
             perform
             what
             a
             weight
             of
             many
             pounds
             would
             not
             suffice
             to
             do
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             I
             shall
             the
             more
             willingly
             learn
             an
             Experiment
             to
             this
             purpose
             ,
             because
             in
             your
             Receivers
             ,
             the
             rigidity
             of
             the
             glass
             keeps
             us
             from
             seeing
             ,
             by
             any
             manifest
             change
             of
             its
             figure
             ,
             whether
             ,
             if
             it
             could
             yield
             without
             
             breaking
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             press'd
             in
             ,
             as
             your
             Hypothesis
             requires
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             The
             desires
             to
             obviate
             that
             very
             difficulty
             ,
             for
             their
             satisfaction
             ,
             that
             had
             not
             yet
             penetrated
             the
             grounds
             of
             our
             Hypothesis
             ,
             made
             me
             think
             of
             employing
             ,
             instead
             of
             a
             Receiver
             of
             Glass
             ,
             one
             of
             a
             stiff
             and
             tough
             ,
             but
             yet
             somewhat
             flexible
             ,
             Metal
             .
             And
             accordingly
             having
             provided
             a
             new
             Pewter
             Porrenger
             ,
             and
             whelm'd
             it
             upside
             down
             upon
             an
             Iron
             plate
             fasten'd
             to
             (
             the
             upper
             end
             of
             )
             our
             Pneumatical
             Pump
             ,
             we
             carefully
             fasten'd
             by
             Cement
             the
             orifice
             to
             the
             plate
             ,
             and
             though
             the
             inverted
             Vessel
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             its
             stiffness
             and
             thickness
             and
             the
             convexity
             of
             its
             superficies
             ,
             were
             strong
             enough
             to
             have
             supported
             a
             great
             weight
             without
             changing
             its
             figure
             ;
             yet
             ,
             as
             soon
             as
             by
             an
             exsuction
             or
             two
             the
             remaining
             part
             of
             the
             included
             Air
             was
             brought
             to
             such
             a
             degree
             of
             expansion
             ,
             that
             its
             weaken'd
             Spring
             was
             able
             to
             afford
             but
             little
             assistance
             to
             the
             tenacity
             and
             firmness
             of
             the
             Metal
             ,
             
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             pillar
             of
             the
             incumbent
             Atmosphere
             (
             which
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             breadth
             of
             the
             Vessel
             was
             considerably
             wide
             also
             )
             did
             presently
             and
             notably
             depress
             the
             upper
             part
             of
             the
             Porringer
             ,
             both
             lessening
             its
             capacity
             and
             changing
             its
             figure
             ;
             so
             that
             instead
             of
             the
             Convex
             surface
             ,
             the
             Receiver
             had
             before
             ,
             it
             came
             to
             a
             Concave
             one
             ,
             which
             new
             figure
             was
             somewhat
             ,
             though
             not
             much
             ,
             increased
             by
             the
             further
             withdrawing
             of
             the
             included
             and
             already
             rarified
             Air.
             The
             Experiment
             succeeded
             also
             with
             an
             other
             common
             Porringer
             of
             the
             same
             Metal
             .
             But
             in
             such
             kind
             of
             Vessels
             ,
             made
             purposely
             of
             Iron
             plates
             ,
             it
             will
             sometimes
             succeed
             and
             sometimes
             not
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Diameter
             of
             the
             vessel
             and
             the
             thickness
             of
             the
             plate
             ,
             which
             was
             sometimes
             strong
             enough
             and
             sometimes
             too
             weak
             to
             resist
             the
             pressure
             of
             the
             incumbent
             Air.
             And
             sometimes
             I
             found
             also
             ,
             that
             the
             vessel
             would
             be
             thrust
             in
             ,
             not
             at
             the
             top
             but
             side-ways
             ,
             in
             case
             that
             side
             were
             the
             only
             part
             that
             
             were
             made
             too
             thin
             to
             resist
             the
             pressure
             of
             the
             Ambient
             ;
             which
             Phaenomenon
             I
             therefore
             take
             notice
             of
             ,
             that
             you
             may
             see
             ,
             〈◊〉
             that
             powerful
             pressure
             may
             be
             exercised
             laterally
             as
             well
             as
             perpendicularly
             .
          
           
             
               Perhaps
               this
               Experiment
               ,
               and
               that
               I
               lately
               recited
               of
               an
               Hermetically
               sealed
               Bubble
               ,
               by
               their
               fitness
               to
               disprove
               Mr.
            
             Hobbes
             
               's
               Doctrine
               ,
               may
               do
               somewhat
               towards
               the
               letting
               him
               see
               ,
               that
               he
               might
               have
               spar'd
               that
               not
               over-modest
               and
               wary
               expression
               ,
               where
               speaking
               of
               the
               Gentlemen
               that
               meet
               at
            
             Gresham-College
             ,
             
               (
               of
               whom
               I
               pretend
               not
               to
               be
               one
               of
               the
               chief
               )
               he
               is
               pleased
               to
               say
               ,
            
             Experimenta
             faciant
             quantum
             volunt
             ,
             nisi
             Principiis
             utantur
             meis
             nihil
             proficient
             .
             
               But
               let
               us
               ,
               if
               you
               please
               ,
               pass
               on
               to
               what
               he
               further
               alledges
               to
               prove
               ,
               that
               the
               space
               in
               the
               exhausted
               Receiver
               ,
               which
               the
               Vacuists
               suppose
               to
               be
            
             partly
             
               empty
               ,
               is
               full
               of
               Air.
            
             (
             Video
             
               (
               says
               A.
            
             )
             si
             suctor
             trudatur
             usque
             ad
             fundum
             Cylindri
             Aenei
             ,
             obturenturque
             for
             amina
             ,
             Secuturum
             esse
             ,
             dum
             suctor
             retrahitur
             ,
             
             locum
             in
             Cylindro
             cavo
             relictum
             fore
             vacuum
             .
             Nam
             ut
             in
             locum
             ejus
             succedat
             Aer
             ,
             est
             impossibile
             .
             
               To
               which
               B.
               answers
            
             ,
             Credo
             equidem
             ,
             suctorem
             cum
             Cylindri
             cavi
             superficie
             satis
             arctè
             cohaerere
             ad
             excludendum
             stramen
             &
             plumam
             ,
             non
             autem
             Aerem
             neque
             Aquam
             .
             Cogita
             enim
             ,
             quod
             non
             ita
             accuratè
             congruerent
             ,
             quin
             undiquaque
             interstitium
             relinqueretur
             ,
             quantum
             tenuissimi
             capilli
             capax
             esset
             .
             Retracto
             ergo
             suctore
             ,
             tantum
             impelleretur
             Aeris
             ,
             quantum
             viribus
             illis
             conveniret
             quibus
             Aer
             propter
             suctoris
             Retractionem
             reprimitur
             ,
             idque
             sine
             omni
             difficult
             ate
             sensibili
             .
             Quanto
             autem
             interstitium
             illud
             minus
             esset
             ,
             tantum
             ingrederetur
             Aer
             velocius
             :
             Vel
             si
             contactus
             sit
             ,
             sed
             non
             per
             omnia
             puncta
             ,
             etiam
             tunc
             intrabit
             Aer
             ,
             modò
             suctor
             majore
             vi
             retrahatur
             .
             Postremò
             ,
             etsi
             contactus
             ubique
             exactissimus
             sit
             ,
             vi
             tamen
             satis
             auctâ
             per
             cochleam
             ferream
             ,
             tum
             corium
             cedet
             ,
             tum
             ipsum
             es
             ;
             atque
             ita
             quoque
             ingredietur
             Aer
             .
             Credin
             '
             tu
             ,
             possibile
             esse
             duas
             superficies
             ita
             exactè
             componere
             ,
             ut
             has
             compositas
             esse
             supponunt
             illi
             ;
             aut
             corium
             ita
             durum
             esse
             ,
             
             ut
             Aeri
             ,
             qui
             Cochleae
             ope
             incutitur
             ,
             nihil
             omnino
             cedat
             ?
             Corium
             quanquam
             optimum
             admittit
             aquam
             ,
             ut
             ipse
             scis
             ,
             si
             fortè
             fecisti
             unquam
             iter
             vento
             &
             pluvia
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             It
             aque
             dubitare
             non
             potes
             ,
             quin
             retractus
             Suctor
             tantum
             Aeris
             in
             Cylindrum
             adeoque
             in
             ipsum
             Recipiens
             incutiat
             ,
             quantum
             sufficit
             ad
             locum
             semper
             relictum
             perfectè
             implendum
             .
             Effectus
             ergo
             ,
             qui
             oritur
             à
             Retractione
             suctoris
             ,
             alius
             non
             est
             quàm
             ventus
             ,
             ventus
             (
             inquam
             )
             vchementissimus
             ,
             qui
             ingreditur
             undiquaque
             inter
             Suctoris
             superficiem
             convexam
             ,
             &
             Cylindri
             aenei
             concavam
             ,
             proceditque
             (
             versâ
             claviculâ
             )
             in
             cavitatem
             globi
             Vitrei
             ,
             sive
             (
             ut
             vocatur
             )
             Recipientis
             .
          
           
             The
             Substance
             of
             this
             Ratiocination
             having
             been
             already
             propos'd
             by
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             in
             his
             Dialogue
             of
             the
             Air
             ,
             the
             11th
             page
             ,
             I
             long
             since
             answer'd
             it
             in
             the
             30th
             and
             some
             of
             the
             following
             pages
             of
             my
             Examen
             ;
             and
             therefore
             I
             shall
             only
             now
             take
             notice
             
               in
               transitu
            
             of
             some
             slight
             whether
             additions
             or
             variations
             ,
             that
             occur
             in
             what
             you
             have
             been
             reading
             .
             And
             ,
             
             first
             ,
             I
             see
             no
             probability
             in
             what
             he
             gratìs
             asserts
             ,
             that
             so
             thick
             a
             Cylinder
             of
             Brass
             ,
             as
             made
             the
             chief
             part
             of
             the
             pump
             of
             our
             Engine
             ,
             should
             yield
             to
             the
             Sucker
             ,
             that
             was
             mov'd
             up
             and
             down
             in
             it
             ,
             though
             by
             the
             help
             of
             an
             Iron
             rack
             ;
             and
             whereas
             he
             adds
             ,
             that
             the
             leather
             ,
             that
             surrounds
             the
             more
             solid
             part
             of
             the
             Sucker
             ,
             would
             yield
             to
             such
             a
             force
             ;
             it
             seems
             ,
             that
             that
             compression
             of
             the
             leather
             should
             by
             thrusting
             the
             solid
             parts
             into
             the
             pores
             make
             the
             leather
             rather
             less
             than
             more
             fit
             to
             give
             passage
             to
             the
             Air
             ;
             nor
             would
             it
             however
             follow
             ,
             notwithstanding
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             Example
             ,
             that
             ,
             because
             a
             Body
             admits
             Water
             ,
             it
             must
             be
             pervious
             to
             Air
             :
             For
             I
             have
             several
             times
             ,
             by
             ways
             elsewhere
             taught
             ,
             made
             Water
             penetrate
             the
             pores
             of
             Bladders
             ,
             and
             yet
             Bladders
             resist
             the
             passage
             of
             the
             Air
             so
             well
             ,
             that
             even
             when
             Air
             included
             in
             them
             was
             sufficiently
             rarified
             by
             Heat
             ,
             or
             by
             our
             Engine
             ,
             it
             was
             necessary
             for
             the
             Air
             to
             break
             them
             before
             it
             could
             get
             out
             ;
             which
             
             would
             not
             have
             been
             ,
             if
             it
             could
             have
             escap'd
             through
             their
             pores
             .
             What
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             inculcates
             here
             again
             concerning
             his
             
               ventus
               vehementissimus
            
             ,
             you
             will
             find
             answer'd
             in
             the
             place
             of
             my
             Examen
             I
             lately
             directed
             you
             to
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             We
             may
             then
             proceed
             to
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             next
             Explication
             ,
             which
             he
             proposes
             in
             these
             terms
             :
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Causam
             video
             nunc
             unius
             ex
             Machinae
             mirabilibus
             ,
             nimirum
             cur
             Suctor
             ,
             postquam
             est
             aliquatenus
             retractus
             &
             deinde
             amissus
             ,
             subitò
             recurrit
             ad
             Cylindri
             summitatem
             .
             Nam
             Aer
             ,
             qui
             vi
             magna
             fuit
             impulsus
             ,
             rursus
             per
             repercussionem
             ad
             externa
             vi
             eadem
             revertitur
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Atque
             hoc
             quidem
             Argumenti
             satis
             est
             etiam
             solum
             ,
             quòd
             locus
             à
             suctore
             relictus
             non
             est
             Vacuus
             .
             Quid
             enim
             aut
             attrahere
             aut
             impellere
             suctorem
             potuit
             ad
             locum
             illum
             unde
             retractus
             erat
             ,
             si
             Cylindrus
             fuisset
             vacuus
             ?
             Namut
             Aeris
             pondus
             aliquod
             id
             efficere
             potuisset
             ,
             falsum
             esse
             satis
             supra
             demonstravi
             ab
             eo
             quod
             Aer
             in
             Aere
             gravitare
             non
             potest
             .
             Nosti
             etiam
             ,
             quod
             cum
             è
             recipiente
             
             Aerem
             omnem
             (
             ut
             illi
             loquuntur
             )
             exegerint
             ,
             possunt
             tamen
             trans
             vitrum
             id
             quod
             intus
             fit
             videre
             ,
             &
             sonum
             ,
             si
             quis
             fiat
             ,
             inde
             audire
             .
             Id
             quod
             solum
             ,
             etsi
             nullum
             aliud
             Argumentum
             esset
             (
             sunt
             autem
             multa
             ,
             )
             ad
             probandum
             ,
             nullum
             esse
             in
             Recipiente
             Vacuum
             ,
             abundè
             sufficit
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Here
             are
             several
             things
             joyn'd
             together
             ,
             which
             the
             Author
             had
             before
             separately
             alledg'd
             in
             his
             often-mention'd
             Dialogue
             .
             The
             first
             is
             ,
             the
             Cause
             he
             assigns
             of
             the
             ascension
             of
             the
             Sucker
             forcibly
             deprest
             to
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             exhausted
             Cylinder
             ,
             and
             then
             let
             alone
             by
             him
             that
             pumpt
             ;
             to
             which
             might
             be
             added
             ,
             that
             this
             ascension
             succeeded
             ,
             when
             the
             Sucker
             was
             clogg'd
             with
             an
             hundred
             pound
             weight
             .
             This
             Explication
             of
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             you
             will
             find
             examin'd
             in
             the
             33th
             and
             39th
             ,
             and
             some
             ensuing
             pages
             of
             my
             Discourse
             .
             And
             as
             to
             his
             denying
             ,
             that
             the
             weight
             or
             pressure
             of
             the
             Air
             could
             drive
             up
             the
             Sucker
             in
             that
             Phaenomenon
             ,
             because
             the
             Air
             does
             not
             weigh
             in
             Air
             ,
             we
             may
             see
             the
             contrary
             largely
             proved
             in
             divers
             
             places
             of
             my
             Examen
             ,
             and
             more
             particularly
             and
             expresly
             in
             the
             four
             first
             pages
             of
             the
             third
             Chapter
             .
             And
             whereas
             he
             says
             in
             the
             last
             place
             ,
             that
             the
             visibility
             of
             Bodies
             included
             in
             our
             Receivers
             ,
             and
             the
             propagation
             of
             Sound
             ,
             (
             which
             ,
             by
             the
             way
             ,
             is
             not
             to
             be
             understood
             of
             all
             Sound
             that
             may
             be
             heard
             ,
             though
             made
             in
             the
             exhausted
             Receiver
             ,
             )
             are
             alone
             sufficient
             Arguments
             to
             prove
             no
             Vacuum
             :
             I
             have
             consider'd
             that
             passage
             in
             the
             answer
             I
             made
             to
             the
             like
             allegation
             in
             the
             45th
             page
             of
             the
             Examen
             ;
             and
             shall
             only
             observe
             here
             ,
             that
             ,
             since
             the
             Vacuists
             can
             prove
             ,
             that
             much
             of
             the
             Air
             is
             pumpt
             out
             of
             the
             exhausted
             Receiver
             ,
             and
             will
             pretend
             ,
             that
             ,
             notwithstanding
             many
             interspers'd
             Vacuities
             ,
             there
             may
             be
             in
             the
             Receiver
             corporeal
             substance
             enough
             to
             transmit
             Light
             and
             stronger
             Sounds
             ,
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             has
             not
             perform'd
             what
             he
             pretended
             ,
             if
             he
             have
             but
             barely
             proved
             ,
             that
             there
             may
             be
             Substances
             capable
             of
             conveying
             Light
             and
             Sound
             in
             the
             cavity
             of
             our
             
             Receiver
             ,
             since
             he
             triumphantly
             asserts
             ,
             
               Nullum
               esse
               in
               Recipienti
               Vacuum
            
             .
             But
             we
             may
             leave
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             and
             his
             Adversaries
             to
             dispute
             out
             this
             point
             ,
             and
             go
             on
             to
             the
             next
             passage
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Which
             follows
             in
             these
             words
             :
          
           
             Ad
             illud
             autem
             ,
             quod
             si
             Vesica
             aliquatenus
             inflata
             in
             Recipiente
             includatur
             ,
             paulo
             post
             per
             exuctionem
             aeris
             inflatur
             vehementius
             &
             dirumpitur
             ,
             quid
             respondes
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Motus
             partium
             Aeris
             undiquaque
             concurrentium
             velocissimus
             &
             per
             concursum
             in
             spatiis
             brevissimis
             numeroque
             infinitis
             gyrationis
             velocissimae
             vesicam
             in
             locis
             innumerabilibus
             simul
             &
             vi
             magna
             ,
             instar
             totidem
             terebrarum
             ,
             penetrat
             ,
             praesertim
             si
             vesica
             ,
             antequam
             immittatur
             ,
             quò
             magis
             resistat
             aliquatenus
             inflat
             a
             sit
             .
             Postquam
             autem
             Aer
             penetrans
             semel
             ingressus
             est
             ,
             facile
             cogitare
             potes
             ,
             quo
             pacto
             deinceps
             vesicam
             tendet
             ,
             &
             tandem
             rumpet
             .
             Verùm
             si
             antequam
             rumpatur
             ,
             versâ
             claviculâ
             ,
             Aer
             externus
             admittatur
             ,
             videbis
             vesicam
             propter
             vehementiam
             motus
             temperatam
             diminutâ
             tensione
             rugosiorem
             .
             Nam
             id
             quoque
             observatum
             est
             .
             Jam
             si
             haec
             ,
             quam
             dixi
             ,
             
             causa
             minùs
             tihi
             videatur
             verisimilis
             ,
             vide
             an
             tu
             aut
             alius
             quicunque
             imaginari
             potest
             ,
             quo
             pacto
             vesica
             distendi
             &
             rumpi
             possit
             à
             viribus
             Vacui
             ,
             id
             est
             ,
             Nihili
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             This
             Explication
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             gave
             us
             in
             the
             19th
             page
             of
             his
             Dialogue
             
               De
               Natura
               Aeris
            
             ,
             and
             you
             may
             find
             it
             at
             large
             confuted
             in
             the
             latter
             part
             of
             the
             third
             Chapter
             of
             my
             Examen
             .
             Nor
             does
             ,
             what
             he
             here
             says
             in
             the
             close
             about
             the
             
               Vires
               Vacui
            
             or
             Nihili
             ,
             deserve
             to
             detain
             us
             ,
             since
             there
             is
             no
             reason
             at
             all
             ,
             that
             the
             Vacuists
             should
             ascribe
             to
             nothing
             a
             power
             of
             breaking
             a
             Bladder
             ,
             of
             whose
             rupture
             the
             Spring
             of
             the
             included
             Air
             supplies
             them
             so
             easily
             with
             a
             sufficient
             Cause
             .
          
           
             After
             what
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             has
             said
             of
             the
             breaking
             of
             a
             Bladder
             ,
             he
             proceeds
             to
             an
             Experiment
             which
             he
             judges
             of
             affinity
             with
             it
             ,
             and
             his
             Academian
             having
             propos'd
             this
             Question
             :
          
           
             Unde
             fit
             ut
             animalia
             tam
             cito
             ,
             nimirum
             spatio
             quatuor
             minutorum
             horae
             ,
             in
             recipiente
             interficiantur
             ?
          
           
           
             For
             answer
             to
             it
             our
             Author
             says
             :
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Nonne
             animalia
             sic
             inclusa
             insugunt
             in
             Pulmones
             Aerem
             vehementissimè
             motum
             ?
             Quo
             motu
             necesse
             est
             ut
             transitus
             sanguinis
             ab
             uno
             ad
             alterum
             cordis
             ventriculum
             interceptus
             ,
             non
             multò
             pòst
             sistatur
             .
             Cessatio
             autem
             sanguinis
             ,
             Mors
             est
             .
             Possunt
             tamen
             animalia
             cessante
             sanguine
             reviviscere
             ,
             si
             Aer
             externus
             satis
             maturè
             intromittatur
             ,
             vel
             ipsa
             in
             Aerem
             temperatum
             ,
             antequam
             refrixerit
             sanguis
             ,
             extrahantur
             .
          
           
             This
             Explication
             is
             not
             probable
             enough
             ,
             to
             oblige
             me
             to
             add
             any
             thing
             about
             it
             to
             what
             I
             have
             said
             in
             the
             49th
             and
             the
             two
             following
             pages
             of
             my
             Examen
             ;
             especially
             the
             most
             vehement
             motion
             ,
             ascrib'd
             to
             the
             Air
             in
             the
             Receiver
             ,
             having
             been
             before
             proved
             to
             be
             an
             Imaginary
             thing
             .
             You
             may
             therefore
             ,
             if
             you
             please
             ,
             take
             notice
             of
             the
             next
             Explication
             .
          
           
             [
             Idem
             Aer
             
               (
               says
               he
            
             )
             in
             Recipiente
             Carbones
             ardentes
             extinguit
             ,
             sed
             &
             illi
             ,
             si
             ,
             dum
             satis
             calidi
             sunt
             ,
             eximantur
             ,
             relucebunt
             .
             Notissimum
             est
             ,
             quòd
             in
             fodinis
             Carbonum
             terreorum
             (
             cujus
             rei
             experimentum
             
             ipse
             vidi
             )
             saepissime
             è
             lateribus
             foveae
             ventus
             quidam
             undiquaque
             exit
             ,
             qui
             fossores
             interficit
             ignemque
             extinguit
             ,
             qui
             tamen
             reviviscunt
             si
             satis
             cito
             ad
             Aerem
             liberum
             extrahantur
             .
             ]
          
           
             This
             Comparison
             which
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             here
             summarily
             makes
             ,
             he
             more
             fully
             display'd
             in
             his
             Dialogue
             
               De
               Natura
               Aeris
            
             ,
             and
             I
             consider'd
             ,
             what
             he
             there
             alledg'd
             ,
             in
             the
             52th
             page
             and
             the
             two
             next
             of
             my
             Examen
             .
             And
             ,
             though
             I
             will
             not
             contradict
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             in
             what
             he
             historically
             asserts
             in
             this
             passage
             ;
             yet
             I
             cannot
             but
             somewhat
             doubt
             ,
             whether
             he
             mingles
             not
             his
             conjecture
             with
             the
             bare
             matter
             of
             fact
             .
             For
             ,
             though
             I
             have
             with
             some
             curiosity
             visited
             Mines
             in
             more
             places
             than
             one
             ,
             and
             propos'd
             Questions
             to
             Men
             that
             have
             been
             conversant
             in
             other
             Mines
             ,
             both
             elsewhere
             and
             in
             England
             (
             and
             particularly
             in
             Derbyshire
             where
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             lived
             long
             ;
             )
             yet
             I
             could
             never
             find
             ,
             that
             any
             such
             odd
             and
             vehement
             wind
             ,
             as
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ascribes
             the
             Phaenomenon
             to
             ,
             had
             
             been
             by
             them
             observed
             to
             kill
             the
             Diggers
             ,
             and
             extinguish
             well-lighted
             Coals
             themselves
             :
             And
             indeed
             ,
             it
             seems
             more
             likely
             ,
             that
             the
             damp
             ,
             by
             its
             tenacity
             or
             some
             peculiarly
             malign
             quality
             ,
             did
             the
             mischief
             ,
             than
             a
             wind
             ,
             of
             which
             I
             found
             not
             any
             notice
             taken
             ;
             especially
             since
             we
             see
             ,
             what
             vehement
             winds
             Men
             will
             be
             able
             to
             endure
             for
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             without
             being
             near-kill'd
             by
             them
             ;
             and
             that
             it
             seems
             very
             odd
             ,
             that
             a
             wind
             ,
             that
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             does
             not
             observe
             to
             have
             blown
             away
             the
             Coals
             ,
             that
             were
             let
             down
             ,
             should
             be
             able
             (
             instead
             of
             kindling
             them
             more
             fiercely
             )
             to
             blow
             them
             out
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             The
             last
             Experiment
             of
             your
             Engine
             ,
             that
             your
             Adversary
             mentions
             in
             these
             Problems
             ,
             is
             deliver'd
             in
             this
             passage
             :
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Si
             phialam
             aquae
             in
             Recipiens
             dimiseris
             ,
             exucto
             Aere
             bullire
             videbis
             aquam
             .
             Quid
             ad
             hoc
             Respondebis
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Credo
             sanè
             in
             tanta
             Aeris
             motitatione
             saltaturam
             esse
             aquam
             ,
             sed
             ut
             calefiat
             nondum
             audivi
             .
             Sed
             imaginabile
             
             
               non
               est
            
             ,
             Saltationem
             illam
             à
             Vacuo
             nasci
             posse
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             This
             Phaenomenon
             he
             likewise
             took
             notice
             of
             ,
             and
             attempted
             to
             explicate
             in
             his
             above-mention'd
             Dialogue
             ,
             which
             gave
             me
             occasion
             in
             the
             46th
             and
             47th
             pages
             of
             my
             Examen
             ,
             to
             shew
             how
             unlikely
             't
             is
             ,
             that
             the
             vehement
             motion
             of
             the
             Air
             should
             be
             the
             cause
             of
             it
             ;
             but
             he
             here
             tells
             us
             ,
             that
             't
             is
             not
             imaginable
             ,
             that
             this
             dancing
             of
             the
             water
             (
             as
             he
             is
             pleas'd
             to
             call
             it
             )
             proceeds
             from
             a
             vacuum
             ,
             nor
             do
             I
             know
             any
             Man
             that
             ever
             pretended
             ,
             that
             a
             vacuum
             was
             the
             efficient
             cause
             of
             it
             .
             But
             the
             Vacuists
             perhaps
             will
             tell
             him
             ,
             that
             ,
             though
             the
             bubbling
             of
             the
             water
             be
             not
             an
             effect
             of
             a
             vacuum
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             a
             proof
             of
             it
             against
             him
             ;
             for
             they
             will
             tell
             him
             ,
             that
             it
             has
             been
             formerly
             proved
             ,
             that
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             Atmospherical
             Air
             is
             by
             pumping
             remov'd
             out
             of
             our
             exhausted
             Receiver
             ,
             and
             consequently
             can
             no
             more
             ,
             as
             formerly
             ,
             press
             upon
             the
             surface
             of
             the
             water
             .
             Nor
             does
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             
             shew
             what
             succeeds
             in
             the
             room
             of
             it
             ;
             and
             therefore
             it
             will
             be
             allowable
             ,
             for
             them
             to
             conclude
             against
             him
             (
             though
             not
             perhaps
             against
             the
             Cartesians
             )
             that
             there
             are
             a
             great
             many
             interspers'd
             Vacuities
             left
             in
             the
             Receiver
             ,
             which
             are
             the
             occasion
             ,
             though
             not
             the
             proper
             efficient
             cause
             ,
             of
             the
             Phaenomenon
             .
             For
             they
             will
             say
             ,
             that
             the
             Springy
             Particles
             of
             the
             yet
             included
             Air
             ,
             having
             room
             to
             unbend
             themselves
             in
             the
             spaces
             deserted
             by
             the
             Air
             that
             was
             pumpt
             out
             ,
             the
             Aerial
             and
             Springy
             Corpuscles
             ,
             that
             lay
             conceal'd
             in
             the
             pores
             of
             the
             water
             ,
             being
             now
             freed
             from
             the
             wonted
             pressure
             that
             kept
             them
             coil'd
             up
             in
             the
             liquor
             ,
             expanded
             themselves
             into
             numerous
             bubbles
             ,
             which
             ,
             because
             of
             their
             comparative
             lightness
             ,
             are
             extruded
             by
             the
             water
             ,
             and
             many
             of
             them
             appear
             to
             have
             risen
             from
             the
             bottom
             of
             it
             .
             And
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             vehement
             wind
             ,
             to
             produce
             the
             several
             Circumstances
             of
             this
             Experiment
             ,
             must
             be
             a
             lasting
             one
             .
             For
             ,
             after
             the
             agitation
             of
             the
             Pump
             has
             
             been
             quite
             left
             off
             ,
             provided
             the
             external
             Air
             be
             kept
             from
             getting
             in
             ,
             the
             bubbles
             will
             sometimes
             continue
             to
             rise
             for
             an
             hour
             after
             .
             And
             that
             which
             agrees
             very
             well
             with
             our
             Explication
             and
             very
             ill
             with
             that
             of
             Mr
             Hobbes's
             ,
             is
             ,
             that
             ,
             when
             by
             having
             continued
             to
             pump
             a
             competent
             time
             ,
             the
             water
             has
             been
             freed
             from
             the
             Aerial
             particles
             that
             lurk'd
             in
             it
             before
             ,
             though
             one
             continue
             to
             pump
             as
             lustily
             as
             he
             did
             ,
             yet
             the
             water
             will
             not
             at
             all
             be
             cover'd
             with
             bubbles
             as
             it
             was
             ,
             the
             Air
             that
             produc'd
             them
             being
             spent
             ;
             though
             ,
             according
             to
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             Explication
             ,
             the
             wind
             in
             the
             Receiver
             continuing
             ,
             the
             dance
             of
             the
             water
             should
             continue
             too
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             I
             easily
             ghess
             ,
             by
             what
             you
             have
             said
             already
             ,
             what
             you
             may
             say
             of
             that
             Epiphonema
             wherewith
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             (
             in
             his
             18th
             page
             )
             concludes
             the
             Explications
             of
             the
             Phaenomena
             of
             your
             Engine
             .
             
               [
               Spero
               jam
               te
               certum
               esse
               ,
            
             says
             he
             ,
             
               nullum
               esse
               Machinae
               illius
               Phaenomenon
               ,
               quo
               demonstrari
               potest
               ullum
               in
               Universo
               locum
               dari
               corpore
               omni
               vacuum
               .
               ]
            
          
        
         
           
           
             B.
             
          
           
             If
             you
             ghess'd
             aright
             ,
             you
             ghess'd
             that
             I
             would
             say
             ,
             that
             as
             to
             the
             Phaenomena
             of
             my
             Engine
             ,
             my
             business
             was
             to
             prove
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             not
             substituted
             good
             Explications
             of
             them
             in
             the
             place
             of
             mine
             ,
             which
             he
             was
             pleased
             to
             reject
             .
             And
             as
             for
             the
             proving
             a
             Vacuum
             by
             the
             Phaenomena
             of
             my
             Engine
             ,
             though
             I
             declar'd
             that
             was
             not
             the
             thing
             intended
             ,
             yet
             I
             shall
             not
             wonder
             ,
             that
             the
             Vacuists
             should
             think
             those
             Phaenomena
             give
             them
             an
             advantage
             against
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             .
             For
             ,
             though
             in
             the
             passage
             recited
             by
             you
             he
             speak
             more
             cautiously
             than
             he
             is
             won
             to
             do
             ,
             yet
             ,
             by
             what
             you
             may
             have
             already
             observ'd
             in
             his
             Argumentations
             ,
             the
             way
             he
             takes
             to
             solve
             the
             Phaenomena
             of
             our
             Engine
             ,
             is
             by
             contending
             ,
             that
             our
             Receiver
             ,
             when
             we
             say
             it
             is
             almost
             exhausted
             ,
             is
             as
             full
             as
             ever
             (
             for
             he
             will
             have
             it
             perfectly
             full
             ,
             )
             of
             common
             Air
             ;
             which
             is
             a
             conceit
             so
             contrary
             to
             I
             know
             not
             how
             many
             Phaenomena
             ,
             that
             I
             do
             not
             remember
             I
             have
             met
             with
             or
             
             heard
             of
             any
             Naturalist
             ,
             whether
             Vacuist
             or
             Plenist
             ,
             that
             having
             read
             my
             Physico-Mechanical
             Experiments
             and
             his
             Dialogue
             ,
             has
             embrac'd
             his
             opinion
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             After
             what
             you
             have
             said
             ,
             I
             will
             not
             trouble
             you
             with
             what
             he
             subjoyns
             about
             Vacuum
             in
             general
             ,
             where
             having
             made
             his
             Academian
             say
             ,
             
               [
               Mundum
               scis
               finitum
               esse
               ,
               &
               per
               Consequens
               vacuum
               esse
               oportere
               totum
               illud
               Spatium
               quod
               est
               extra
               mundum
               infinitum
               .
               Quid
               impedit
               quo
               minus
               vacuum
               illud
               cum
               Aere
               mundano
               permisceatur
               ?
               ]
            
             He
             answers
             :
             
               De
               rebus
               transmundanis
               nihil
               scio
            
             .
             For
             I
             know
             ,
             that
             it
             concerns
             not
             you
             to
             take
             notice
             of
             it
             .
             But
             possibly
             the
             Vacuists
             will
             think
             ,
             he
             fathers
             upon
             them
             an
             Impropriety
             they
             would
             not
             be
             guilty
             of
             ,
             making
             them
             speak
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             thought
             ,
             the
             
               ultra-mundan
               Vacuum
            
             were
             a
             real
             Substance
             that
             might
             be
             brought
             into
             this
             World
             and
             mingled
             with
             our
             Air.
             And
             since
             ,
             for
             ought
             I
             know
             ,
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             might
             have
             spar'd
             this
             passage
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             not
             design'd
             
             it
             should
             introduce
             the
             slighting
             answer
             he
             makes
             to
             it
             ;
             I
             shall
             add
             ,
             that
             by
             the
             account
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             has
             given
             of
             several
             Phaenomena
             within
             the
             World
             ,
             't
             is
             possible
             ,
             that
             the
             Vacuists
             may
             believe
             his
             Profession
             of
             knowing
             nothing
             of
             things
             beyond
             it
             .
          
           
             After
             the
             
               Experimenta
               Boyliana
            
             (
             as
             your
             other
             Adversary
             calls
             them
             ;
             )
             Mr
             :
             Hobbes
             proceeds
             to
             the
             Torricellian
             Experiment
             ,
             of
             which
             he
             thus
             discourses
             :
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Quid
             de
             experimento
             censes
             Torricelliano
             ,
             probante
             Vacuum
             per
             Argentum
             vivum
             hoc
             modo
             :
             est
             in
             seq
             .
             figurae
             ad
             A
             ,
             pelvis
             sive
             aliud
             vas
             ,
             &
             in
             eo
             Argentum
             vivum
             usque
             ad
             B
             ;
             est
             autem
             
               C
               D
            
             tubus
             vitreus
             concavus
             repletus
             quoque
             Argento
             vivo
             .
             Hunc
             tubum
             si
             digito
             obturaveris
             erexerisque
             in
             vase
             A
             ,
             manumque
             abstuleris
             ,
             descendet
             Argentum
             vivum
             à
             C
             ;
             verùm
             non
             effundetur
             totum
             in
             pelvim
             ,
             sed
             sistetur
             in
             distantia
             quadam
             ,
             puta
             in
             D.
             Nonne
             ergo
             necessarium
             est
             ,
             ut
             pars
             tubi
             inter
             
               C
               &
               D
            
             sit
             vacua
             ?
             Non
             enim
             puto
             negabis
             
             quin
             superficies
             tubi
             concava
             &
             Argenti
             vivi
             convexa
             se
             mutuo
             exquisitissimè
             contingant
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Ego
             neque
             nego
             contactum
             ,
             neque
             vim
             Consequentiae
             intelligo
             .
          
           
             By
             which
             passage
             it
             seems
             that
             he
             still
             persists
             in
             the
             solution
             of
             this
             Experiment
             ,
             which
             he
             gave
             in
             his
             Dialogue
             
               De
               Natura
               Aeris
            
             ,
             and
             formerly
             did
             ,
             for
             the
             main
             ,
             either
             propose
             ,
             or
             adopt
             ,
             in
             his
             Elements
             of
             Philosophy
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             This
             opinion
             or
             explication
             of
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             I
             have
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             concerns
             me
             ,
             consider'd
             in
             the
             36th
             ,
             and
             some
             insuing
             pages
             ,
             of
             my
             Examen
             ,
             to
             which
             it
             may
             well
             suffice
             me
             to
             refer
             you
             .
             But
             yet
             let
             me
             take
             notice
             of
             what
             he
             now
             alledges
             :
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Si
             quis
             
               (
               says
               he
            
             )
             in
             Argentum
             vivum
             ,
             quod
             in
             vase
             est
             ,
             vesicam
             immerserit
             inflatam
             ,
             nonne
             illa
             amotâ
             manu
             emerget
             ?
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             It
             a
             certè
             ,
             etsi
             esset
             vesica
             ferrea
             vel
             ex
             materia
             quacunque
             praeter
             Aurum
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Vides
             igitur
             ab
             Aere
             penetrari
             posse
             Argentum
             vivum
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Etiam
             ,
             &
             quidem
             illâ
             ipsâ
             vi
             quam
             à
             pondere
             accipit
             Argenti
             vivi
             .
          
           
             I
             confess
             this
             Allegation
             did
             a
             little
             surprize
             me
             :
             It
             concern'd
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             to
             prove
             ,
             that
             as
             much
             Air
             ,
             as
             was
             displac'd
             by
             the
             descending
             Mercury
             ,
             did
             at
             the
             orifice
             of
             the
             Tube
             ,
             immers'd
             in
             stagnant
             Mercury
             ,
             invisibly
             ascend
             to
             the
             upper
             part
             of
             the
             pipe
             .
             To
             prove
             this
             he
             tells
             us
             ,
             that
             a
             bladder
             full
             of
             Air
             being
             depress'd
             in
             Quicksilver
             ,
             will
             ,
             when
             the
             hand
             that
             depress'd
             it
             is
             remov'd
             ,
             be
             squeez'd
             up
             by
             the
             very
             weight
             of
             the
             Mercury
             ,
             whence
             it
             follows
             ,
             that
             Air
             may
             penetrate
             Quicksilver
             .
             But
             I
             know
             not
             ,
             who
             ever
             deny'd
             ,
             that
             Air
             inviron'd
             with
             Quicksilver
             may
             thereby
             be
             squeez'd
             upwards
             ;
             but
             ,
             since
             even
             very
             small
             bubbles
             of
             Air
             may
             be
             seen
             to
             move
             in
             their
             passage
             through
             Mercury
             ,
             I
             see
             not
             ,
             how
             this
             Example
             will
             at
             all
             help
             the
             Proposer
             of
             it
             .
             For
             't
             is
             by
             meer
             accident
             ,
             that
             the
             Air
             included
             in
             the
             bladder
             comes
             to
             be
             buoy'd
             up
             ,
             because
             the
             bladder
             it self
             is
             so
             ;
             and
             if
             
             it
             were
             fill'd
             with
             Water
             instead
             of
             Air
             ,
             or
             with
             Stone
             instead
             of
             Water
             ,
             it
             would
             nevertheless
             emerge
             ,
             as
             himself
             confesses
             it
             would
             do
             ,
             if
             it
             were
             made
             of
             Iron
             ,
             or
             of
             any
             Matter
             besides
             Gold
             ,
             because
             all
             other
             Bodies
             are
             lighter
             
               in
               specie
            
             than
             Quicksilver
             .
             But
             since
             the
             emersion
             of
             the
             bladder
             is
             manifest
             enough
             to
             the
             sight
             ,
             I
             see
             not
             how
             it
             will
             serve
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             turn
             ,
             who
             is
             to
             prove
             that
             the
             Air
             gets
             into
             the
             Torricellian
             Tube
             invisibly
             ;
             since
             't
             is
             plain
             ,
             that
             even
             heedful
             observation
             can
             make
             our
             Eyes
             discover
             no
             such
             trajection
             of
             the
             Air
             ;
             which
             (
             to
             add
             that
             inforcement
             of
             our
             Argument
             )
             must
             not
             only
             pass
             unseen
             through
             the
             sustained
             Quicksilver
             ,
             but
             must
             likewise
             unperceivedly
             dive
             ,
             in
             spite
             of
             its
             comparative
             lightness
             ,
             beneath
             the
             surface
             of
             the
             ponderous
             stagnant
             Mercury
             ,
             to
             get
             in
             at
             the
             orifice
             of
             the
             erected
             Tube
             .
             But
             let
             us
             ,
             if
             you
             please
             ,
             hear
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             Discourse
             about
             this
             Experiment
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Though
             it
             be
             somewhat
             prolix
             ,
             
             yet
             ,
             according
             to
             my
             custom
             hitherto
             ,
             I
             will
             give
             it
             you
             verbatim
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Simul
             atque
             Argentum
             vivum
             descenderit
             ad
             D
             ,
             altius
             erit
             in
             vase
             A
             quàm
             antè
             ,
             nimirum
             plus
             erit
             Argenti
             vivi
             in
             vase
             quàm
             erat
             ante
             descensum
             ,
             tanto
             quantum
             capit
             pars
             tubi
             
               C
               ,
               D.
            
             Tanto
             quoque
             minus
             erit
             Aeris
             extra
             tubum
             quàm
             ante
             erat
             .
             Ille
             autem
             Aer
             qui
             ab
             Argento
             vivo
             loco
             suo
             extrusus
             est
             ,
             (
             suppositâ
             universi
             plenitudine
             )
             quò
             abire
             potest
             nisi
             ad
             eum
             locum
             ,
             qui
             in
             tubo
             inter
             
               C
               &
               D
            
             à
             descensu
             Argenti
             vivi
             relinquebatur
             ?
             sed
             quâ
             ,
             inquies
             ,
             viâ
             in
             illum
             locum
             successurus
             est
             ?
             Quà
             ,
             nisi
             per
             ipsum
             corpus
             Argenti
             vivi
             Aerem
             urgentis
             ?
             Sicut
             enim
             omne
             grave
             liquidum
             ,
             sui
             ipsius
             pondere
             ,
             Aerem
             ,
             quem
             descendendo
             prennt
             ,
             ascendere
             cogit
             (
             si
             via
             alia
             non
             detur
             )
             per
             suum
             ipsius
             corpus
             ;
             ita
             quoque
             Aerem
             quem
             premit
             ascendendo
             ,
             (
             si
             via
             alia
             non
             detur
             )
             per
             suum
             ipsius
             corpus
             transire
             cogit
             .
             Manifestum
             igitur
             est
             ,
             supposità
             mundi
             plenitudine
             posse
             Aerem
             externum
             ab
             ipsa
             gravitate
             Argenti
             vivi
             cogi
             in
             locum
             illum
             inter
             
               C
               &
               D.
            
             Itaque
             phaenomenon
             illud
             necessitatem
             vacus
             nondemonstrat
             .
             
             Quoniam
             autem
             corpus
             Argenti
             vivi
             penetrationi
             ,
             quae
             fit
             ab
             Aere
             ,
             non
             nihil
             resistit
             ,
             &
             ascensioni
             Argenti
             vivi
             in
             vase
             A
             resistit
             Aer
             ;
             quando
             illae
             duae
             resistentiae
             aequales
             erunt
             ,
             tunc
             in
             tubo
             sistetur
             alicubi
             Argentum
             vivum
             ;
             atque
             ibi
             est
             D.
             
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             In
             answer
             to
             this
             Explication
             I
             have
             in
             my
             Examen
             propos'd
             divers
             things
             ,
             which
             you
             may
             there
             meet
             with
             :
             And
             indeed
             his
             Explication
             has
             appear'd
             so
             improbable
             to
             those
             that
             have
             written
             of
             this
             Experiment
             ,
             that
             I
             have
             not
             found
             it
             embrac'd
             by
             any
             of
             them
             ,
             though
             ,
             when
             divers
             of
             them
             oppos'd
             it
             ,
             the
             Phaenomena
             of
             our
             Engine
             were
             not
             yet
             divulg'd
             .
             Not
             then
             needlesly
             to
             repeat
             what
             has
             been
             said
             already
             ,
             I
             shall
             on
             this
             occasion
             only
             add
             one
             Experiment
             ,
             that
             I
             afterwards
             made
             ,
             and
             it
             was
             this
             :
             Having
             made
             the
             Torricellian
             Experiment
             (
             in
             a
             straight
             Tube
             )
             after
             the
             ordinary
             way
             ,
             we
             took
             a
             little
             piece
             of
             a
             fine
             Bladder
             ,
             and
             raising
             the
             Pipe
             a
             little
             in
             the
             stagnant
             Mercury
             ,
             but
             not
             so
             high
             
             as
             the
             surface
             of
             it
             ,
             the
             piece
             of
             Bladder
             was
             dexterously
             conveyed
             in
             the
             Quicksilver
             ,
             so
             as
             to
             be
             applied
             by
             ones
             finger
             to
             the
             immersed
             orifice
             of
             the
             Pipe
             ,
             without
             letting
             the
             Air
             get
             into
             the
             Cavity
             of
             it
             ;
             then
             the
             Bladder
             was
             tyed
             very
             straight
             and
             carefully
             to
             the
             lower
             end
             of
             the
             Pipe
             ,
             whose
             orifice
             (
             as
             we
             said
             )
             it
             cover'd
             before
             ,
             and
             then
             the
             Pipe
             being
             slowly
             lifted
             out
             of
             the
             stagnant
             Mercury
             ,
             the
             impendent
             Quicksilver
             appear'd
             to
             lean
             but
             very
             lightly
             upon
             the
             Bladder
             ,
             being
             so
             near
             an
             exact
             Aequilibrium
             with
             the
             Atmosperical
             Air
             ,
             that
             ,
             if
             the
             Tube
             were
             but
             a
             very
             little
             inclin'd
             ,
             whereby
             the
             gravitation
             of
             the
             Quicksilver
             ,
             being
             not
             so
             perpendicular
             ,
             came
             to
             be
             somewhat
             lessen'd
             ,
             the
             Bladder
             would
             immediately
             be
             driven
             into
             the
             orifice
             of
             the
             Tube
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             Eye
             ,
             plac'd
             without
             ,
             appear
             to
             have
             acquir'd
             a
             concave
             superficies
             instead
             of
             the
             convex
             it
             had
             before
             .
             And
             when
             the
             Tube
             was
             re-erected
             ,
             the
             Bladder
             would
             no
             longer
             appear
             
             suck'd
             in
             ,
             but
             be
             again
             somewhat
             protuberant
             .
             And
             if
             ,
             when
             the
             Mercury
             in
             the
             Pipe
             was
             made
             to
             descend
             a
             little
             below
             its
             station
             into
             the
             stagnant
             Mercury
             ,
             if
             ,
             I
             say
             ,
             at
             that
             nick
             of
             time
             the
             piece
             of
             Bladder
             were
             nimbly
             and
             dexterously
             apply'd
             ,
             as
             before
             ,
             to
             the
             immers'd
             orifice
             ,
             and
             fasten'd
             to
             the
             sides
             of
             the
             Pipe
             ,
             upon
             the
             lifting
             the
             Instrument
             out
             of
             the
             stagnant
             Mercury
             ,
             the
             Cylinder
             of
             that
             Liquor
             being
             now
             somewhat
             short
             of
             its
             due
             height
             ,
             was
             no
             longer
             able
             fully
             to
             counterpoise
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             Atmospherical
             Air
             ,
             which
             consequently
             ,
             though
             the
             Glass
             were
             held
             in
             an
             erected
             posture
             ,
             would
             press
             up
             the
             Bladder
             into
             the
             orifice
             of
             the
             Pipe
             ,
             and
             both
             make
             and
             maintain
             there
             a
             Cavity
             sensible
             both
             to
             the
             Touch
             and
             the
             Eye
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             What
             did
             you
             mainly
             drive
             at
             in
             this
             Experiment
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             To
             satisfie
             some
             Ingenious
             Men
             ,
             that
             were
             more
             diffident
             of
             ,
             than
             skilful
             in
             ,
             Hydrostaticks
             ,
             that
             
             the
             pressure
             of
             the
             external
             Air
             is
             capable
             of
             sustaining
             a
             Cylinder
             of
             29
             or
             30
             Inches
             of
             Mercury
             ,
             and
             upon
             a
             small
             lessening
             of
             the
             gravitation
             of
             that
             ponderous
             liquor
             ,
             to
             press
             it
             up
             higher
             into
             the
             Tube
             .
             But
             a
             farther
             use
             may
             be
             made
             of
             it
             against
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             pretension
             .
             For
             ,
             when
             the
             Tube
             is
             again
             erected
             ,
             the
             Mercury
             will
             subside
             as
             low
             as
             at
             first
             ,
             and
             leave
             as
             great
             a
             space
             as
             formerly
             was
             left
             deserted
             at
             the
             top
             ;
             into
             which
             how
             the
             Air
             should
             get
             to
             fill
             it
             ,
             will
             not
             appear
             easie
             to
             them
             ,
             that
             ,
             like
             you
             and
             me
             ,
             know
             by
             many
             tryals
             ,
             that
             a
             Bladder
             will
             rather
             be
             burst
             by
             Air
             than
             grant
             it
             passage
             .
             And
             if
             it
             should
             be
             pretended
             ,
             either
             that
             some
             Air
             from
             without
             had
             yet
             got
             through
             the
             Bladder
             ,
             or
             that
             the
             Air
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             presume
             to
             have
             been
             just
             before
             included
             between
             the
             Bladder
             and
             the
             Mercury
             ,
             made
             its
             way
             from
             the
             lower
             part
             of
             the
             Instrument
             to
             the
             upper
             ;
             't
             is
             obvious
             to
             answer
             ,
             That
             't
             is
             no
             way
             likely
             ,
             that
             it
             should
             pass
             all
             along
             the
             Cylinder
             
             unseen
             by
             us
             ;
             since
             ,
             when
             there
             are
             really
             any
             Aerial
             Bubbles
             ,
             though
             smaller
             than
             Pins
             heads
             ,
             they
             are
             easily
             discernible
             .
             And
             in
             our
             case
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             such
             resistance
             of
             the
             Air
             to
             the
             ascension
             of
             the
             stagnant
             Mercury
             ,
             as
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             pretends
             in
             the
             Torricellian
             Experiment
             made
             the
             usual
             way
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             But
             ,
             whatever
             becomes
             of
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             Explication
             of
             the
             Phaenomenon
             ;
             yet
             may
             not
             one
             still
             say
             ,
             that
             it
             affords
             no
             advantage
             to
             the
             Vacuists
             against
             him
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Whether
             or
             no
             it
             do
             against
             other
             Plenists
             ,
             I
             shall
             not
             now
             consider
             ;
             but
             I
             doubt
             ,
             the
             Vacuists
             will
             tell
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ,
             that
             he
             is
             fain
             in
             two
             places
             of
             the
             Explication
             ,
             we
             have
             read
             ,
             to
             suppose
             the
             Plenitude
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             to
             beg
             the
             thing
             in
             question
             ,
             which
             't
             is
             not
             to
             be
             presum'd
             they
             will
             allow
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             But
             may
             not
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             say
             ,
             that
             't
             is
             as
             lawful
             for
             him
             to
             suppose
             a
             Plenum
             ,
             as
             for
             them
             to
             suppose
             a
             Vacuum
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             B.
             
          
           
             I
             think
             he
             may
             justly
             say
             so
             ;
             but
             't
             is
             like
             they
             will
             reply
             ,
             that
             ,
             in
             their
             way
             of
             explicating
             the
             Torricellian
             Experiment
             ,
             they
             do
             not
             suppose
             a
             Vacuum
             at
             to
             Air
             ,
             but
             prove
             it
             .
             For
             they
             shew
             a
             great
             space
             ,
             that
             having
             been
             just
             before
             fill'd
             with
             Quicksilver
             ,
             is
             now
             deserted
             by
             it
             ,
             though
             it
             appeared
             not
             ,
             that
             any
             Air
             succeeded
             in
             its
             room
             ;
             but
             rather
             ,
             that
             the
             upper
             end
             of
             the
             Tube
             is
             either
             totally
             or
             near
             totally
             so
             devoid
             of
             Air
             ,
             that
             the
             Quicksilver
             may
             without
             resistance
             ,
             by
             barely
             inclining
             the
             Tube
             ,
             be
             made
             to
             fill
             it
             to
             the
             very
             top
             :
             Whereas
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             is
             fain
             to
             have
             recourse
             to
             that
             which
             he
             knows
             they
             deny
             ,
             the
             Plenitude
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             not
             proving
             by
             any
             sensible
             Phaenomena
             ,
             that
             there
             did
             get
             in
             through
             the
             Quicksilver
             Air
             enough
             to
             fill
             the
             deserted
             part
             of
             the
             Tube
             ,
             but
             only
             concluding
             ,
             that
             so
             much
             Air
             must
             have
             got
             in
             there
             ,
             because
             ,
             the
             World
             being
             full
             ,
             it
             could
             find
             no
             room
             any
             where
             else
             ;
             which
             the
             Vacuists
             will
             take
             for
             no
             
             proof
             at
             all
             ,
             and
             the
             Cartesians
             ,
             though
             Plenists
             ,
             who
             admit
             an
             Etherial
             matter
             capable
             of
             passing
             through
             the
             pores
             of
             Glass
             ,
             will
             ,
             I
             doubt
             ,
             look
             upon
             but
             as
             an
             improper
             Explication
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             I
             remember
             on
             this
             occasion
             another
             Experiment
             of
             yours
             ,
             that
             seems
             unfavourable
             enough
             to
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             Explication
             ,
             and
             you
             will
             perhaps
             call
             it
             to
             mind
             when
             I
             tell
             you
             ,
             that
             't
             was
             made
             in
             a
             bended
             Pipe
             almost
             fill'd
             with
             Quicksilver
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             To
             see
             whether
             we
             understand
             one
             another
             ,
             I
             will
             briefly
             describe
             the
             Instrument
             I
             think
             you
             mean.
             We
             took
             a
             Cylindrical
             Pipe
             of
             Glass
             ,
             clos'd
             at
             the
             upper
             end
             ,
             and
             of
             that
             length
             ,
             that
             being
             dexterously
             bent
             at
             some
             Inches
             from
             the
             bottom
             ,
             the
             shorter
             legg
             was
             made
             as
             parallel
             as
             we
             could
             to
             the
             longer
             :
             In
             this
             Glass
             we
             found
             an
             expedient
             ,
             (
             for
             't
             is
             not
             easie
             to
             do
             ,
             )
             to
             make
             the
             Torricellian
             Experiment
             ,
             the
             Quicksilver
             in
             the
             shorter
             legg
             serving
             instead
             of
             the
             stagnant
             Quicksilver
             in
             the
             usual
             Baroscope
             ,
             and
             the
             Quicksilver
             in
             the
             
             longer
             legg
             reaching
             above
             that
             in
             the
             shorter
             about
             eight
             or
             nine
             and
             twenty
             Inches
             .
             Then
             ,
             by
             another
             artifice
             ,
             the
             shorter
             legg
             ,
             into
             which
             the
             Mercury
             did
             not
             rise
             within
             an
             Inch
             of
             the
             top
             ,
             was
             so
             order'd
             ,
             that
             it
             could
             in
             a
             trice
             be
             Hermetically
             seal'd
             ,
             without
             disordering
             the
             Quicksilver
             .
             And
             this
             is
             the
             Instrument
             that
             I
             ghess
             you
             mean.
             
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             It
             is
             so
             ,
             and
             I
             remember
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             the
             same
             with
             that
             ,
             which
             in
             the
             Paradox
             about
             Suction
             you
             call
             ,
             whilst
             the
             shorter
             legg
             remains
             unseal'd
             ,
             a
             
               Travelling
               Baroscope
            
             .
             But
             when
             I
             saw
             you
             make
             the
             Experiment
             ,
             that
             legg
             was
             Hermetically
             seal'd
             ,
             an
             Inch
             of
             Air
             in
             its
             natural
             or
             usual
             consistence
             being
             left
             in
             the
             upper
             part
             of
             it
             ,
             to
             which
             Air
             you
             outwardly
             applied
             a
             pair
             of
             heated
             Tongs
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Yet
             that
             ,
             which
             I
             chiefly
             aim'd
             at
             in
             the
             Trial
             ,
             was
             not
             the
             Phaenomenon
             I
             perceive
             you
             mean
             ;
             for
             ,
             my
             design
             was
             ,
             by
             breaking
             the
             Ice
             for
             them
             ,
             to
             encourage
             some
             ,
             that
             may
             
             have
             more
             skill
             and
             accommodation
             than
             I
             then
             had
             ,
             to
             make
             an
             attempt
             that
             I
             did
             not
             find
             to
             have
             been
             made
             by
             any
             ;
             namely
             ,
             to
             reduce
             the
             Expensive
             force
             of
             Heat
             in
             every
             way
             included
             Air
             ,
             if
             not
             in
             some
             other
             Bodies
             also
             ,
             to
             some
             kind
             of
             measure
             ,
             and
             ,
             if
             't
             were
             possible
             ,
             to
             determin
             it
             by
             weight
             .
             And
             I
             presumed
             ,
             that
             at
             least
             the
             event
             of
             my
             Tryal
             would
             much
             confirm
             several
             Explications
             of
             mine
             ,
             by
             shewing
             ,
             that
             Heat
             is
             able
             ,
             as
             long
             as
             it
             lasts
             ,
             very
             considerably
             to
             increase
             the
             Spring
             or
             pressing
             power
             of
             the
             Air.
             And
             in
             this
             conjecture
             I
             was
             not
             mistaken
             ;
             for
             ,
             having
             shut
             up
             ,
             after
             the
             manner
             newly
             recited
             ,
             a
             determinate
             quantity
             of
             uncomprest
             Air
             ,
             which
             ,
             (
             in
             the
             Experiment
             you
             saw
             ,
             )
             was
             about
             one
             Inch
             ;
             we
             warily
             held
             a
             pair
             of
             heated
             Tongs
             near
             the
             outside
             of
             the
             Glass
             ,
             (
             without
             making
             it
             touch
             the
             Instrument
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             breaking
             it
             ,
             )
             whereby
             the
             Air
             being
             agitated
             was
             enabled
             to
             expand
             it self
             to
             double
             its
             former
             Dimensions
             ,
             and
             consequently
             
             had
             its
             Spring
             so
             strengthen'd
             by
             Heat
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             able
             to
             raise
             all
             the
             Quicksilver
             in
             the
             longer
             legg
             ,
             and
             keep
             up
             or
             sustain
             a
             Mercurial
             Cylinder
             of
             about
             nine
             and
             twenty
             Inches
             high
             ,
             when
             by
             its
             expansion
             it
             would
             ,
             if
             it
             had
             not
             been
             for
             the
             Heat
             ,
             have
             lost
             half
             the
             force
             of
             its
             elasticity
             .
             But
             whatever
             I
             design
             in
             this
             Experiment
             ,
             pray
             tell
             me
             ,
             what
             use
             you
             would
             make
             of
             it
             against
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             I
             believe
             ,
             he
             will
             find
             it
             very
             difficult
             to
             shew
             ,
             what
             keeps
             the
             Mercury
             suspended
             in
             the
             longer
             legg
             of
             the
             
               Travelling
               Baroscope
            
             ,
             when
             the
             shorter
             legg
             is
             unstopt
             ,
             at
             which
             it
             may
             run
             out
             ;
             since
             this
             Instrument
             may
             ,
             as
             I
             have
             try'd
             ,
             be
             carried
             to
             distant
             places
             ,
             where
             it
             cannot
             with
             probability
             be
             pretended
             ,
             that
             any
             Air
             has
             been
             displac'd
             by
             the
             fall
             of
             the
             Quicksilver
             in
             the
             longer
             legg
             ,
             which
             perhaps
             fell
             long
             before
             above
             a
             mile
             off
             .
             And
             when
             the
             shorter
             legg
             is
             feal'd
             ,
             it
             will
             be
             very
             hard
             for
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             to
             shew
             there
             the
             odd
             
             motions
             of
             the
             Air
             ,
             to
             which
             he
             ascribes
             the
             Torricellian
             Experiment
             .
             For
             ,
             if
             you
             warily
             incline
             the
             Instrument
             ,
             the
             Quicksilver
             will
             rise
             to
             the
             top
             of
             the
             longer
             legg
             ,
             and
             immediately
             subside
             ,
             when
             the
             Instrument
             is
             again
             erected
             ,
             and
             yet
             no
             Air
             appears
             to
             pass
             through
             the
             Quicksilver
             interpos'd
             between
             the
             ends
             of
             the
             longer
             and
             the
             shorter
             legg
             .
             But
             that
             which
             I
             would
             chiefly
             take
             notice
             of
             in
             the
             Experiment
             ,
             is
             ,
             that
             upon
             the
             external
             application
             of
             a
             hot
             Body
             to
             the
             shorter
             legg
             of
             the
             Baroscope
             ,
             when
             't
             was
             seal'd
             up
             ,
             the
             included
             Air
             was
             expanded
             from
             one
             Inch
             to
             two
             ,
             and
             so
             rais'd
             the
             whole
             Cylinder
             of
             Mercury
             in
             the
             longer
             legg
             ,
             and
             ,
             whilst
             the
             heat
             continued
             undiminished
             ,
             kept
             it
             from
             subsiding
             again
             .
             For
             ,
             if
             the
             Air
             were
             able
             to
             get
             unseen
             through
             the
             body
             of
             the
             Quicksilver
             ,
             why
             had
             it
             not
             been
             much
             more
             able
             ,
             when
             rarified
             by
             Heat
             ,
             to
             pass
             through
             the
             Quicksilver
             ,
             than
             for
             want
             of
             doing
             so
             to
             raise
             and
             sustain
             so
             weighty
             a
             Cylinder
             
             of
             Mercury
             ?
             I
             shall
             not
             stay
             to
             inquire
             on
             this
             occasion
             ,
             how
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             will
             ,
             according
             to
             his
             Hypothesis
             ,
             explicate
             the
             rarefaction
             of
             the
             Air
             to
             double
             its
             former
             dimensions
             ,
             and
             the
             condensation
             of
             it
             again
             ;
             especially
             since
             ,
             asserting
             that
             part
             of
             the
             upper
             legg
             ,
             that
             is
             unfill'd
             with
             the
             Quicksilver
             ,
             to
             be
             perfectly
             full
             of
             Air
             ,
             he
             affirms
             that
             ,
             which
             I
             doubt
             he
             cannot
             prove
             ,
             and
             which
             may
             very
             probably
             be
             disproved
             by
             the
             Experiment
             you
             mention
             in
             the
             Discourse
             about
             Suction
             ,
             where
             you
             shew
             ,
             to
             another
             purpose
             ,
             that
             in
             a
             
               Travelling
               Baroscope
            
             ,
             whose
             shorter
             legg
             is
             seal'd
             ,
             if
             the
             end
             of
             the
             longer
             legg
             be
             open'd
             ,
             whereby
             it
             comes
             indeed
             to
             be
             fill'd
             with
             Air
             ,
             the
             pressure
             of
             that
             Air
             will
             enable
             the
             subjacent
             Mercury
             notably
             to
             compress
             the
             Air
             included
             in
             the
             shorter
             legg
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             I
             leave
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             to
             consider
             what
             you
             have
             objected
             against
             his
             Explication
             of
             the
             Torricellian
             Experiment
             ;
             to
             which
             I
             shall
             add
             nothing
             ,
             
             though
             perhaps
             I
             could
             add
             much
             ,
             because
             I
             think
             it
             may
             be
             well
             spared
             ,
             and
             our
             Conference
             has
             lasted
             long
             already
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             I
             will
             then
             proceed
             to
             the
             last
             Experiment
             recited
             by
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             in
             his
             
               Problemata
               de
               Vacuo
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Si
             Phialam
             ,
             collum
             habentem
             longiusculum
             ,
             candèmque
             omni
             Corpore
             praeter
             Aerem
             vacuam
             ore
             sugas
             ,
             continuoque
             Phialae
             os
             aquae
             immergas
             ,
             videbis
             aquam
             aliquousque
             ascendere
             in
             Phialam
             .
             Quî
             fieri
             hoc
             potest
             nisi
             factum
             sit
             Vacuum
             ab
             exuctione
             Aeris
             ,
             in
             cujus
             locum
             possit
             Aqua
             illa
             ascendere
             ?
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Concesso
             Vacuo
             ,
             oportet
             quaedam
             loca
             vacua
             fuisse
             in
             illo
             Aere
             ,
             etiam
             qui
             erat
             intra
             Phialam
             ante
             suctionem
             .
             Cur
             ergo
             non
             ascendebat
             Aqua
             ad
             ea
             implenda
             absque
             suctione
             ?
             Is
             qui
             sugit
             Phialam
             ,
             neque
             in
             ventrem
             quicquam
             ,
             neque
             in
             pulmones
             ,
             neque
             in
             os
             è
             Phiala
             exugit
             .
             Quid
             ergo
             agit
             ?
             Aerem
             commovet
             ,
             &
             in
             partibus
             ejus
             conatum
             sugendo
             efficit
             per
             os
             exeundi
             ,
             &
             non
             admittendo
             ,
             conatum
             redeundi
             .
             Ab
             his
             conatibus
             contrariis
             componitur
             circumitio
             intra
             
             Phialam
             ,
             &
             conatus
             exeundi
             quaquaversum
             .
             Itaque
             Phialae
             ore
             aquae
             immerso
             ,
             Aer
             in
             subject
             am
             aquam
             penetrat
             è
             Phiala
             egrediens
             ,
             &
             tantundem
             aquae
             in
             Phialam
             cogit
             .
          
           
             Praeterea
             vis
             illa
             magna
             suctionis
             facit
             ,
             ut
             sugentis
             labra
             cum
             collo
             Phialae
             aliquando
             arctissimè
             cohaereant
             propter
             contactum
             exqusitissimum
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             first
             Clause
             of
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             account
             of
             our
             Phaenomenon
             ,
             the
             Vacuists
             will
             easily
             answer
             his
             Question
             by
             acknowledging
             ,
             that
             there
             were
             indeed
             interspers'd
             Vacuities
             in
             the
             Air
             contain'd
             in
             the
             Vial
             before
             the
             suction
             ;
             but
             they
             will
             add
             ,
             there
             was
             no
             reason
             ,
             why
             the
             Water
             should
             ascend
             to
             fill
             them
             ,
             because
             ,
             being
             a
             heavy
             body
             ,
             it
             cannot
             rise
             of
             it self
             ,
             but
             must
             be
             raised
             by
             some
             prevalent
             weight
             or
             pressure
             ,
             which
             then
             was
             wanting
             .
             Besides
             ,
             that
             there
             being
             interspers'd
             Vacuities
             as
             well
             in
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Air
             that
             was
             very
             near
             the
             Water
             ,
             as
             in
             that
             contained
             in
             the
             Vial
             ,
             there
             was
             no
             reason
             ,
             why
             the
             Water
             
             should
             ascend
             to
             fill
             the
             Vacuities
             of
             one
             portion
             of
             Air
             rather
             than
             those
             of
             another
             .
             But
             when
             once
             by
             suction
             a
             great
             many
             of
             the
             Aerial
             Corpuscles
             were
             made
             to
             pass
             out
             of
             the
             Vial
             ,
             the
             Spring
             of
             the
             remaining
             Air
             being
             weaken'd
             ,
             whilst
             the
             pressure
             of
             the
             ambient
             Air
             ,
             which
             depends
             upon
             its
             constant
             Gravity
             ,
             is
             undiminished
             ,
             the
             Spring
             of
             the
             internal
             becomes
             unable
             to
             resist
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             external
             Air
             ,
             which
             is
             therefore
             able
             to
             impel
             the
             interpos'd
             Water
             with
             some
             violence
             into
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             Glass
             ,
             'till
             the
             Air
             ,
             remaining
             in
             that
             Cavity
             ,
             being
             reduced
             almost
             to
             its
             usual
             Density
             ,
             is
             able
             by
             its
             Spring
             ,
             and
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             Water
             got
             up
             into
             the
             Vial
             ,
             to
             hinder
             any
             more
             Water
             from
             being
             impell'd
             up
             .
             For
             ,
             as
             to
             what
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             affirms
             ,
             that
             ,
             
               Is
               qui
               su
               git
               Phialam
               neque
               in
               ventrem
               quicquam
               ,
               neque
               in
               pulmones
               ,
               neque
               in
               os
               quicquam
               exugit
               :
            
             How
             it
             will
             agree
             with
             what
             he
             elsewhere
             delivers
             about
             Suction
             .
             I
             leave
             him
             to
             consider
             .
             
             But
             I
             confess
             ,
             I
             cannot
             but
             wonder
             at
             his
             confidence
             ,
             that
             can
             positively
             assert
             a
             thing
             so
             repugnant
             to
             the
             common
             sentiments
             of
             Men
             of
             all
             opinions
             ,
             without
             offering
             any
             proof
             for
             it
             .
             But
             I
             suppose
             ,
             they
             that
             are
             by
             tryal
             acquainted
             with
             Sucking
             ,
             and
             have
             felt
             the
             Air
             come
             in
             at
             their
             mouths
             ,
             will
             prefer
             their
             own
             experience
             to
             his
             authority
             .
             And
             as
             to
             what
             he
             adds
             ,
             that
             the
             Person
             that
             sucks
             agitates
             the
             Air
             ,
             and
             turns
             it
             within
             the
             Vial
             into
             a
             kind
             of
             circulating
             wind
             ,
             that
             endeavours
             every
             where
             to
             get
             out
             ;
             I
             wish
             ,
             he
             had
             shewn
             us
             by
             what
             means
             a
             Man
             that
             sucks
             makes
             this
             odd
             Commotion
             of
             the
             Air
             ;
             especially
             in
             such
             Vials
             as
             I
             use
             to
             employ
             about
             the
             Experiment
             ,
             the
             orifice
             of
             whose
             neck
             is
             sometimes
             less
             than
             a
             Pins
             head
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             That
             there
             may
             be
             really
             Air
             extracted
             by
             Suction
             out
             of
             a
             Glass
             ,
             me
             thinks
             you
             might
             argue
             from
             an
             Experiment
             I
             saw
             you
             make
             with
             a
             Receiver
             which
             was
             exhausted
             by
             your
             Pump
             ,
             and
             consequently
             by
             Suction
             .
             
             For
             I
             remember
             ,
             when
             you
             had
             counterpois'd
             it
             with
             very
             good
             Scales
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             by
             turning
             a
             stop-cock
             ,
             let
             in
             the
             outward
             Air
             ,
             there
             rush'd
             in
             as
             much
             Air
             to
             fill
             the
             space
             that
             had
             been
             deserted
             by
             the
             Air
             pumpt
             out
             ,
             as
             weighed
             some
             scruples
             (
             consisting
             of
             twenty
             grains
             a
             piece
             )
             though
             the
             Receiver
             were
             not
             of
             the
             largest
             size
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             You
             did
             well
             to
             add
             that
             Clause
             ;
             for
             ,
             the
             Magdobargic
             Experiment
             ,
             mentioned
             by
             the
             industrious
             Schottus
             ,
             having
             been
             made
             with
             a
             vast
             Receiver
             ,
             the
             readmitted
             Air
             amounted
             to
             a
             whole
             ounce
             and
             some
             drachms
             .
             But
             to
             return
             to
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ,
             I
             fear
             not
             that
             he
             will
             perswade
             you
             ,
             that
             have
             seen
             the
             Experiment
             he
             recites
             ,
             that
             as
             soon
             as
             the
             neck
             of
             the
             Vial
             is
             unstopt
             under
             water
             ,
             the
             Air
             ,
             that
             whitl'd
             about
             before
             ,
             makes
             a
             sally
             out
             ,
             and
             forces
             in
             as
             much
             water
             .
             For
             ,
             if
             the
             orifice
             be
             any
             thing
             large
             ,
             you
             will
             ,
             instead
             of
             feeling
             an
             endeavour
             to
             thrust
             away
             your
             finger
             that
             stopt
             it
             ,
             find
             the
             pulp
             of
             
             your
             finger
             so
             thrust
             inward
             ,
             that
             a
             Peripatetick
             would
             affirm
             that
             he
             felt
             it
             suckt
             in
             .
             And
             that
             Intrusion
             may
             be
             the
             Reason
             ,
             why
             the
             lip
             of
             him
             that
             sucks
             is
             oftentimes
             strongly
             fasten'd
             to
             the
             orifice
             of
             the
             Vials
             neck
             ,
             which
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ascribes
             to
             a
             most
             exquisit
             contact
             ,
             but
             without
             clearly
             telling
             us
             ,
             how
             that
             extraordinary
             contact
             is
             effected
             .
             And
             when
             your
             finger
             is
             removed
             ,
             instead
             of
             perceiving
             any
             Air
             go
             out
             of
             the
             Vial
             through
             the
             water
             ,
             (
             which
             ,
             if
             any
             such
             thing
             happen
             ,
             you
             will
             easily
             discover
             by
             the
             bubbles
             ,
             )
             you
             shall
             see
             the
             water
             briskly
             spring
             up
             in
             a
             slender
             stream
             to
             the
             top
             of
             the
             Vial
             ,
             which
             it
             could
             not
             do
             ,
             if
             the
             Cavity
             were
             already
             full
             of
             Air.
             And
             to
             let
             you
             see
             ,
             that
             ,
             when
             the
             Air
             does
             really
             pass
             in
             or
             out
             of
             the
             Vial
             immers'd
             under
             water
             ,
             't
             is
             very
             easie
             to
             perceive
             its
             motions
             ,
             if
             you
             dip
             the
             neck
             of
             the
             Vial
             in
             water
             ,
             and
             then
             apply
             to
             the
             globulous
             part
             of
             it
             either
             your
             warm
             hands
             or
             any
             other
             competent
             Heat
             ,
             the
             internal
             
             Air
             being
             rarified
             ;
             you
             shall
             see
             a
             portion
             of
             it
             ,
             answerable
             to
             the
             degree
             of
             Heat
             you
             applied
             ,
             manifestly
             pass
             through
             the
             water
             in
             successive
             bubbles
             ,
             whilst
             yet
             you
             shall
             not
             see
             any
             water
             get
             into
             the
             Vial
             to
             supply
             the
             place
             deserted
             by
             that
             Air.
             And
             if
             ,
             when
             you
             have
             (
             as
             you
             may
             do
             by
             the
             help
             of
             sucking
             )
             fill'd
             the
             neck
             and
             part
             of
             the
             belly
             of
             the
             Vial
             with
             water
             ,
             you
             immerse
             the
             orifice
             into
             stagnant
             water
             ,
             and
             apply
             warm
             hands
             to
             the
             globulous
             part
             as
             before
             ,
             you
             will
             find
             the
             water
             in
             the
             Vial
             to
             be
             driven
             out
             ,
             before
             any
             bubbles
             pass
             out
             of
             the
             Vial
             into
             the
             surrounding
             water
             ;
             which
             shews
             ,
             that
             the
             Air
             is
             not
             so
             forward
             to
             dive
             under
             the
             water
             ,
             (
             and
             much
             less
             under
             so
             ponderous
             a
             liquor
             as
             Quicksilver
             ,
             )
             as
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             has
             supposed
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             That
             't
             is
             the
             Pressure
             of
             the
             external
             Air
             ,
             that
             (
             surmounting
             the
             Spring
             of
             the
             internal
             )
             drives
             up
             the
             water
             into
             the
             Vial
             we
             have
             been
             speaking
             of
             ,
             does
             ,
             I
             confess
             ,
             follow
             upon
             your
             Hypothesis
             :
             But
             an
             Experimentarian
             
             Philosopher
             ,
             as
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             calls
             you
             among
             others
             ,
             may
             possibly
             be
             furnished
             with
             an
             Experiment
             to
             confirm
             this
             to
             the
             Eye
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             You
             bring
             into
             my
             mind
             what
             I
             once
             devised
             to
             confirm
             my
             Hypothesis
             about
             Suction
             ,
             but
             found
             a
             while
             since
             that
             I
             had
             omitted
             it
             in
             my
             Discourse
             about
             that
             Subject
             .
             And
             therefore
             I
             shall
             now
             repeat
             to
             you
             the
             substance
             at
             least
             of
             the
             Memorial
             that
             was
             written
             of
             that
             Experiment
             ,
             by
             which
             the
             great
             interest
             of
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             Atmospherical
             Air
             in
             Suction
             will
             appear
             ,
             and
             in
             which
             also
             some
             things
             will
             occur
             ,
             that
             will
             not
             well
             agree
             with
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             Explication
             ,
             and
             prevent
             some
             of
             his
             Allegations
             against
             mine
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Having
             not
             yet
             met
             with
             an
             Experiment
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             such
             an
             one
             as
             you
             speak
             of
             will
             be
             welcome
             to
             me
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             We
             took
             a
             Glass
             Bubble
             ,
             whose
             long
             stem
             was
             both
             very
             slender
             and
             very
             Cylindrical
             ;
             then
             by
             applying
             
             to
             the
             outside
             of
             the
             Ball
             or
             globulous
             part
             a
             convenient
             heat
             ,
             we
             expell'd
             so
             much
             of
             the
             Air
             ,
             as
             that
             ,
             when
             the
             end
             of
             the
             pipe
             was
             dipt
             in
             water
             ,
             and
             the
             inward
             Air
             had
             time
             to
             recover
             its
             former
             coolness
             ,
             the
             water
             ascended
             either
             to
             the
             top
             of
             the
             pipe
             or
             very
             near
             it
             .
             This
             done
             ,
             we
             gently
             and
             warily
             rarified
             the
             Air
             in
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             Bubble
             ,
             'till
             by
             its
             expansion
             it
             had
             driven
             out
             almost
             all
             the
             water
             that
             had
             got
             up
             into
             the
             stem
             ,
             that
             so
             it
             might
             attain
             as
             near
             as
             could
             be
             to
             that
             degree
             of
             heat
             and
             measure
             of
             expansion
             ,
             that
             it
             had
             when
             the
             water
             began
             to
             rise
             in
             it
             .
             And
             we
             were
             careful
             to
             leave
             two
             or
             three
             drops
             of
             water
             unexpell'd
             at
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             pipe
             ,
             that
             we
             might
             be
             sure
             ,
             that
             none
             of
             the
             included
             Air
             was
             by
             this
             second
             rarefaction
             driven
             out
             at
             the
             orifice
             of
             it
             ;
             as
             the
             depression
             of
             the
             water
             so
             low
             assured
             us
             ,
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             that
             the
             included
             Air
             wanted
             nothing
             considerable
             of
             the
             expansion
             it
             had
             when
             the
             water
             began
             to
             ascend
             into
             
             the
             pipe
             .
             Whilst
             the
             Air
             was
             in
             this
             rarified
             state
             ,
             we
             presently
             removed
             the
             little
             Instrument
             out
             of
             the
             stagnant
             water
             into
             stagnant
             Quicksilver
             ,
             which
             in
             a
             short
             time
             began
             to
             rise
             in
             the
             pipe
             .
             Now
             ,
             if
             the
             ascension
             of
             the
             liquor
             were
             the
             effect
             of
             Natures
             Abhorrence
             of
             a
             Vacuum
             ;
             or
             of
             some
             internal
             principle
             of
             Motion
             ;
             or
             of
             the
             Compression
             and
             propagated
             Pulsion
             of
             the
             outward
             Air
             by
             that
             which
             had
             been
             expell'd
             ;
             why
             should
             not
             the
             Mercury
             have
             ascended
             to
             the
             top
             of
             the
             pipe
             ,
             as
             the
             water
             did
             before
             ?
             But
             
               de
               facto
            
             it
             did
             not
             ascend
             half
             ,
             or
             perhaps
             a
             quarter
             so
             far
             ;
             and
             if
             the
             pipe
             had
             been
             long
             enough
             ,
             as
             well
             as
             't
             was
             slender
             enough
             ,
             I
             question
             ,
             whether
             the
             Mercury
             would
             have
             ascended
             (
             in
             proportion
             to
             the
             length
             of
             the
             stem
             )
             half
             so
             high
             as
             it
             did
             .
          
           
             Now
             of
             this
             Experiment
             ,
             which
             we
             tryed
             more
             than
             once
             ,
             I
             see
             not
             ,
             for
             the
             reason
             lately
             express'd
             ,
             how
             any
             good
             account
             will
             be
             given
             without
             our
             Hypothesis
             ,
             but
             according
             to
             That
             't
             is
             clear
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             A.
             
          
           
             I
             think
             I
             perceive
             why
             you
             say
             so
             ;
             for
             the
             Ascension
             of
             Liquors
             being
             an
             effect
             of
             the
             prevalency
             of
             the
             external
             Airs
             pressure
             against
             the
             resistance
             it
             meets
             with
             in
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             Instrument
             ,
             and
             the
             Quicksilver
             being
             bulk
             for
             bulk
             many
             times
             heavier
             than
             water
             ,
             the
             same
             surplusage
             of
             pressure
             that
             was
             able
             to
             impel
             up
             water
             to
             the
             top
             of
             the
             pipe
             ,
             ought
             not
             to
             be
             able
             to
             impel
             up
             the
             Quicksilver
             to
             any
             thing
             near
             that
             height
             .
             And
             if
             it
             be
             here
             objected
             ,
             as
             it
             very
             plausibly
             may
             be
             ,
             that
             the
             raised
             Cylinder
             of
             Mercury
             was
             much
             longer
             than
             it
             ought
             to
             have
             been
             in
             reference
             to
             a
             Cylinder
             of
             Water
             ,
             the
             proportion
             in
             gravity
             between
             those
             two
             Liquors
             (
             which
             is
             almost
             that
             of
             fourteen
             to
             one
             )
             being
             considered
             ;
             I
             answer
             ,
             that
             when
             the
             Cylinder
             of
             Water
             reach'd
             to
             the
             pipe
             ,
             the
             Air
             possess'd
             no
             more
             than
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             globulous
             part
             of
             the
             Instrument
             ,
             being
             very
             little
             assisted
             to
             dilate
             it self
             by
             so
             light
             a
             Cylinder
             as
             that
             of
             Water
             :
             But
             when
             
             the
             Quicksilver
             came
             to
             be
             impell'd
             into
             the
             Instrument
             by
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             external
             Air
             ,
             that
             ponderous
             Body
             did
             not
             stop
             its
             ascent
             as
             soon
             as
             it
             came
             to
             be
             equiponderant
             to
             the
             formerly
             expell'd
             Cylinder
             of
             Water
             ;
             because
             ,
             to
             attain
             that
             height
             ,
             it
             reached
             but
             a
             little
             way
             into
             the
             pipe
             ,
             and
             left
             all
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             pipe
             to
             be
             fill'd
             with
             part
             of
             that
             Air
             ,
             which
             formerly
             was
             all
             shut
             up
             in
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             Bubble
             ;
             by
             which
             means
             the
             Air
             ,
             included
             in
             the
             whole
             Instrument
             ,
             must
             needs
             be
             in
             a
             state
             of
             expansion
             ,
             and
             thereby
             have
             its
             Spring
             weakened
             ,
             and
             consequently
             disabled
             to
             resist
             the
             pressure
             of
             the
             external
             Air
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             the
             same
             included
             Air
             did
             before
             ,
             when
             it
             was
             less
             rarified
             ;
             on
             which
             account
             ,
             the
             undiminished
             weight
             or
             pressure
             of
             the
             external
             Air
             was
             able
             to
             raise
             the
             Quicksilver
             higher
             and
             higher
             ,
             'till
             it
             had
             obtained
             that
             height
             ,
             at
             which
             the
             pressure
             ,
             compounded
             of
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             Mercurial
             Cylinder
             and
             the
             Spring
             of
             the
             
             internal
             Air
             (
             now
             less
             rarified
             than
             before
             ,
             )
             was
             equivalent
             to
             the
             pressure
             of
             the
             Atmosphere
             or
             external
             Air.
             
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             You
             have
             given
             the
             very
             Explication
             I
             was
             about
             to
             propose
             ▪
             wherefore
             I
             shall
             only
             add
             ,
             that
             ,
             to
             confirm
             this
             Experiment
             by
             a
             kind
             of
             Inversion
             of
             it
             ,
             we
             drove
             by
             heat
             a
             little
             Air
             out
             of
             the
             Bubble
             ,
             and
             dipt
             the
             open
             end
             of
             the
             pipe
             into
             Quicksilver
             ,
             which
             by
             this
             means
             we
             made
             to
             ascend
             'till
             it
             had
             fill'd
             about
             a
             fourth
             part
             or
             less
             of
             the
             pipe
             ,
             when
             that
             was
             held
             erected
             .
             Then
             carefully
             removing
             it
             without
             letting
             fall
             any
             Quicksilver
             ,
             or
             letting
             in
             any
             Air
             ,
             we
             held
             the
             orifice
             of
             the
             pipe
             a
             little
             under
             the
             surface
             of
             a
             Glass
             full
             of
             Water
             ,
             and
             applying
             a
             moderate
             heat
             to
             the
             outside
             of
             the
             Ball
             ,
             we
             warily
             expell'd
             the
             Quicksilver
             ,
             yet
             leaving
             a
             little
             of
             it
             to
             make
             it
             sure
             that
             no
             Air
             was
             driven
             out
             with
             it
             ;
             then
             suffering
             the
             included
             Air
             to
             cool
             ,
             the
             external
             Air
             was
             found
             able
             to
             make
             the
             
             Water
             not
             only
             ascend
             to
             the
             very
             top
             of
             the
             pipe
             ,
             and
             thence
             spread
             it self
             a
             little
             into
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             Ball
             ,
             but
             to
             carry
             up
             before
             it
             the
             Quicksilver
             that
             had
             remained
             unexpell'd
             at
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             stem
             .
             And
             if
             in
             making
             the
             Experiment
             we
             had
             first
             raised
             ,
             as
             we
             sometimes
             did
             ,
             a
             greater
             quantity
             of
             Quicksilver
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             drove
             it
             out
             ,
             the
             quantity
             of
             Water
             ,
             that
             would
             be
             impell'd
             into
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             pipe
             and
             ball
             ,
             would
             be
             accordingly
             increased
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             In
             this
             Experiment
             't
             is
             manifest
             ,
             that
             something
             is
             driven
             out
             of
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             Glass
             before
             the
             Water
             or
             Quicksilver
             begins
             to
             ascend
             in
             it
             :
             And
             here
             also
             we
             see
             not
             ,
             that
             the
             Air
             can
             pass
             through
             the
             pores
             of
             Quicksilver
             or
             Water
             ,
             but
             that
             it
             drives
             them
             on
             before
             it
             ,
             without
             sensibly
             mixing
             with
             them
             .
             In
             this
             Experiment
             there
             appears
             not
             at
             all
             any
             Circular
             Wind
             ,
             as
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             fancies
             in
             the
             suckt
             Vial
             we
             are
             disputing
             of
             ,
             nor
             any
             tendency
             outwards
             
             of
             the
             included
             Air
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             such
             a
             Wind
             ;
             but
             ,
             instead
             of
             these
             things
             ,
             that
             the
             ascension
             of
             the
             Liquors
             into
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             pipe
             depends
             upon
             the
             external
             Air
             ,
             pressing
             up
             the
             Liquors
             into
             that
             Cavity
             ,
             may
             be
             argu'd
             by
             this
             ,
             that
             the
             same
             weight
             of
             the
             Atmosphere
             impell'd
             up
             into
             the
             pipe
             so
             much
             more
             of
             the
             lighter
             Liquor
             ,
             Water
             ,
             than
             of
             the
             heavier
             Liquor
             ,
             Mercury
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             You
             have
             said
             enough
             on
             this
             Experiment
             ;
             but
             't
             is
             not
             the
             only
             I
             have
             to
             oppose
             to
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             his
             Explication
             :
             For
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             no
             need
             of
             the
             sallying
             of
             Air
             out
             of
             a
             Vial
             ,
             to
             make
             the
             Atmospherical
             Air
             press
             against
             a
             Body
             that
             closes
             the
             orifice
             of
             it
             ,
             when
             the
             pressure
             of
             the
             internal
             Air
             is
             much
             weakened
             ;
             I
             have
             had
             occasion
             to
             shew
             some
             Virtuosi
             ,
             by
             sucking
             out
             ,
             with
             the
             help
             of
             an
             Instrument
             ,
             a
             considerable
             portion
             of
             the
             Air
             contained
             in
             a
             Glass
             ;
             for
             having
             then
             ,
             instead
             of
             unstopping
             the
             orifice
             under
             water
             ,
             nimbly
             applied
             a
             flat
             Body
             to
             it
             ,
             the
             external
             Air
             press'd
             
             that
             Body
             so
             forcibly
             against
             it
             ,
             as
             to
             keep
             it
             fastened
             and
             suspended
             ,
             though
             't
             were
             clogg'd
             with
             a
             weight
             of
             many
             ounces
             .
          
        
         
           
             A.
             
          
           
             Another
             Experiment
             of
             yours
             Mr.
             Hobbes's
             Explication
             brings
             into
             my
             mind
             ,
             by
             which
             it
             appears
             ,
             that
             ,
             if
             there
             be
             such
             a
             Circular
             Wind
             ,
             as
             he
             pretends
             ,
             produced
             by
             Suction
             in
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             Vial
             ,
             it
             must
             needs
             be
             strangely
             lasting
             .
             For
             I
             have
             seen
             more
             than
             once
             ,
             that
             ,
             when
             you
             have
             by
             an
             Instrument
             suckt
             much
             of
             the
             Air
             out
             of
             a
             Vial
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             carefully
             closed
             it
             ,
             though
             you
             kept
             the
             slender
             neck
             of
             it
             stopt
             a
             long
             time
             ,
             perhaps
             for
             some
             weeks
             or
             months
             ,
             yet
             when
             't
             was
             open'd
             under
             water
             ,
             a
             considerable
             quantity
             of
             the
             Liquor
             would
             be
             briskly
             impell'd
             up
             into
             the
             neck
             and
             belly
             of
             the
             Vial.
             So
             that
             ,
             though
             I
             will
             not
             be
             so
             pleasant
             with
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ,
             as
             to
             mind
             you
             on
             this
             occasion
             of
             those
             Writers
             of
             Natural
             Magick
             ,
             that
             teach
             us
             to
             shut
             up
             Articulate
             ,
             Sounds
             in
             a
             Vessel
             ,
             which
             being
             transported
             to
             a
             distant
             
             place
             and
             open'd
             there
             ,
             will
             render
             the
             Words
             that
             are
             committed
             to
             it
             ;
             yet
             I
             must
             needs
             say
             ,
             that
             so
             lasting
             a
             Circular
             Wind
             ,
             as
             ,
             according
             to
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             ,
             your
             Experiments
             exhibited
             ,
             may
             well
             deserve
             our
             wonder
             .
          
        
         
           
             B.
             
          
           
             Your
             admiration
             would
             perchance
             increase
             ,
             if
             I
             should
             assure
             you
             ,
             that
             having
             with
             the
             Sun-beams
             produced
             smoak
             in
             one
             of
             those
             well-stopt
             Vials
             ,
             this
             Circular
             Wind
             did
             not
             at
             all
             appear
             to
             blow
             it
             about
             ,
             but
             suffered
             it
             to
             rise
             ,
             as
             it
             would
             have
             done
             if
             the
             included
             Air
             had
             been
             very
             calm
             .
             And
             now
             I
             shall
             add
             but
             one
             Experiment
             more
             ,
             which
             will
             not
             be
             liable
             to
             some
             of
             the
             things
             as
             invalid
             as
             they
             are
             ,
             which
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             has
             alledged
             in
             his
             account
             of
             the
             Vial
             ,
             and
             which
             will
             let
             you
             see
             ,
             that
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             Atmospherical
             Air
             is
             a
             very
             considerable
             thing
             ;
             and
             which
             may
             also
             incline
             you
             to
             think
             ,
             that
             ,
             whilst
             Mr.
             Hobbes
             does
             not
             admit
             a
             subtiler
             Matter
             than
             common
             Air
             to
             pass
             through
             the
             Pores
             of
             close
             and
             solid
             Bodies
             ,
             the
             Air
             he
             has
             recourse
             to
             will
             
             sometimes
             come
             too
             late
             to
             prevent
             a
             Vacuum
             .
             The
             Experiment
             ,
             which
             was
             partly
             accidental
             ,
             I
             lately
             found
             registred
             to
             this
             sense
             ,
             if
             not
             in
             these
             words
             :
             [
             Having
             ,
             to
             make
             some
             Discovery
             of
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             Air
             ,
             and
             for
             other
             purposes
             ,
             caus'd
             an
             Aeolipile
             ,
             very
             light
             considering
             its
             bulk
             ,
             to
             be
             made
             by
             a
             famous
             Artist
             ,
             I
             had
             occasion
             to
             put
             it
             so
             often
             into
             the
             fire
             for
             several
             Tryals
             ,
             that
             at
             length
             the
             Copper
             scal'd
             off
             by
             degrees
             ,
             and
             left
             the
             Vessel
             much
             thinner
             than
             when
             it
             first
             came
             out
             of
             the
             Artificers
             hands
             ;
             and
             a
             good
             while
             after
             ,
             this
             change
             in
             the
             Instrument
             being
             not
             in
             my
             thoughts
             ,
             I
             had
             occasion
             to
             imploy
             it
             ,
             as
             formerly
             ,
             to
             weigh
             how
             many
             grains
             it
             would
             contain
             of
             the
             Air
             at
             such
             a
             determinate
             constitution
             of
             the
             Atmosphere
             ,
             as
             was
             to
             be
             met
             with
             ,
             where
             I
             then
             chanced
             to
             be
             .
             For
             the
             making
             this
             Experiment
             the
             more
             exactly
             ,
             the
             Air
             was
             by
             a
             strong
             ,
             but
             warily
             applied
             ,
             fire
             so
             carefully
             driven
             away
             ,
             that
             ,
             when
             clapping
             a
             piece
             of
             Sealing-wax
             to
             the
             Pin-hole
             ,
             at
             which
             it
             had
             been
             forced
             out
             ,
             we
             hindred
             any
             
             communication
             betwixt
             the
             Cavity
             of
             the
             Instrument
             and
             the
             external
             Air
             ,
             we
             suppos'd
             the
             Aeolipile
             to
             be
             very
             well
             exhausted
             ,
             and
             therefore
             laid
             it
             by
             ,
             that
             ,
             when
             it
             should
             be
             grown
             cold
             ,
             we
             might
             ,
             by
             opening
             the
             orifice
             with
             a
             Pin
             ,
             again
             let
             in
             the
             outward
             Air
             ,
             and
             observe
             the
             encrease
             of
             weight
             that
             would
             thereupon
             ensue
             :
             But
             the
             Instrument
             ,
             that
             ,
             as
             I
             was
             saying
             ,
             was
             grown
             thin
             ,
             had
             been
             so
             diligently
             freed
             from
             Air
             ,
             that
             the
             very
             little
             that
             remain'd
             ,
             and
             was
             kept
             by
             the
             Wax
             from
             receiving
             any
             assistance
             from
             without
             ,
             being
             unable
             by
             its
             Spring
             to
             assist
             the
             Aeolipile
             to
             support
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             ambient
             Air
             ;
             this
             external
             fluid
             did
             by
             its
             weight
             press
             against
             it
             so
             strongly
             ,
             that
             it
             compress'd
             it
             ,
             and
             thrust
             it
             so
             considerably
             inwards
             ,
             and
             in
             more
             than
             one
             place
             so
             chang'd
             its
             figure
             ,
             that
             ,
             when
             I
             shew'd
             it
             to
             the
             Virtuosi
             that
             were
             assembled
             at
             Gresham-Colledge
             ,
             they
             were
             pleased
             to
             command
             it
             of
             me
             to
             be
             kept
             in
             their
             Repository
             ,
             where
             I
             presume
             it
             is
             still
             to
             be
             seen
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           NEW
           EXPERIMENTS
           About
           the
           PRESERVATION
           OF
           BODIES
           IN
           VACUO
           BOYLIANO
           .
        
         
           By
           the
           Honourable
           
             ROBERT
             BOYLE
          
           ,
           Fellow
           of
           the
           
             Royal
             Society
          
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             William
             Godbid
          
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           Sold
           by
           
             Moses
             Pitt
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Angel
           over
           against
           the
           little
           North
           Door
           of
           St.
           Paul's
           Church
           .
           1674.
           
        
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A28939-e150
           
             
               Credo
               ,
               
                 (
                 says
                 Mr.
              
               Hobbes
               
                 in
                 his
              
               Dialogus
               Physicus
               :
               )
               
               Nam
               motus
               hic
               Restitutionis
               ,
               Hobbii
               est
               ,
               &
               ab
               illo
               primo
               &
               solo
               explicatus
               in
               Lib.
               de
               Corpore
               ,
               cap.
               21.
               
               Art.
               1.
               
               Sine
               qua
               Hypothesi
               ,
               quantuscunque
               labor
               ,
               ars
               ,
               sumptus
               ,
               ad
               rerum
               Naturaliū
               invisibiles
               causas
               inveniendas
               adbibeatur
               ,
               frustra
               erit
               .
               
                 And
                 speaking
                 of
                 the
                 Gentleman
                 (
                 to
                 whom
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 here
                 proper
                 for
                 me
                 so
                 give
                 E●ithe●es
                 )
                 that
                 us'd
                 to
                 meet
                 at
              
               Gresham-College
               ,
               
                 and
                 are
                 known
                 by
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
              
               Royal
               Secrety
               ,
               
                 he
                 thus
                 treats
                 them
                 and
                 their
                 way
                 of
                 Inquiring
                 into
                 Nature
                 :
              
               Conveniant
               ,
               studia
               conferant
               ,
               Experimenta
               faciant
               quantum
               volunt
               ,
               nisi
               &
               Principiis
               utantur
               mess
               ,
               nihil
               proficient
               .
            
             
               
                 A.
                 
              
               
                 Pateris
                 ergo
                 nihil
                 bactenus
                 à
                 Collegis
                 tuis
                 promotam
                 esse
                 scientium
                 Causarum
                 Naturalium
                 ,
                 nisi
                 quod
                 Unus
                 eorum
                 Machinam
                 invenerit
                 ,
                 quâ
                 motus
                 excitari
                 Aeris
                 possit
                 talis
                 ,
                 ut
                 partes
                 Sphaerae
                 simul
                 undiquaque
                 tendant
                 ad
                 Centrum
                 ,
                 &
                 ut
                 Hypotheses
                 Hobbianae
                 ,
                 antè
                 quidem
                 satis
                 probabiles
                 ,
                 hinc
                 reddantur
                 probabiliores
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 B.
                 
              
               
                 Nec
                 fateri
                 pudet
                 ;
                 nam
                 est
                 aliqu●d
                 prodire
                 tenus
                 ,
                 si
                 non
                 datur
                 ultra
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 A.
                 
              
               
                 Quid
                 tinus
                 ?
                 quorsum
                 autem
                 tantus
                 apparatus
                 &
                 sumptus
                 Machinarum
                 factu
                 difficilium
                 ,
                 ut
                 eatenus
                 tantum
                 productis
                 quantum
                 ante
                 prodi●rat
                 Hobbius
                 ?
                 Cut
                 non
                 inde
                 potius
                 incepistis
                 ubi
                 ille
                 desiit
                 ?
                 Cur
                 Principiis
                 ab
                 illo
                 positis
                 non
                 estis
                 usi
                 ?
                 Cumque
                 Aristoteles
                 recte
                 dixit
                 ,
                 ignorato
                 motu
                 ignorari
                 Naturam
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 Ad
                 Causas
                 autem
                 ,
                 propter
                 quas
                 proficere
                 ne
                 pau●usum
                 quidem
                 potuistis
                 ,
                 nec
                 poter●tis
                 ,
                 accedunt
                 etiam
                 ●liae
                 ,
                 ut
                 odium
                 Hobbii
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
          
           
             De
             Nat.
             Aeris
             ,
             p.
             13.