rtport s am montana billings great falls selected areas nebraska report number area lincoln omaha selected areas nevada las vegas reno new hampshlre manchester selected areas new jersey atlantic city trenton vineland_millville selected areas new mexlco albuquerque selected areas new york albany-schenectady troy binghamton buffalo new york_northeastern new jersey part - new york city part - new york portion outside new york city part - northeastern new jersey rochester syracuse utica_rome selected areas north carollna asheville charlotte durham fayetteville greensboro high point raleigh wilmington winston_salem selected areas north dakota fargo_moorhead ohlo akron canton cincinnati cleveland columbus dayton hamilton lima lorain_elyria mansfield springfield steubenville_weirton toledo youngstown_warren selected areas oklahoma lawton oklahoma city tulsa selected areas oregon eugene portland salem selected areas pennsylvanla allentown bethlehem easton altoona erie harrisburg johnstown lancaster philadelphia pittsburgh reading scranton report deport number aree number aim wilkes_barre waco york wichita falls selected areas selected areas rhode lsland utah providence_pawtucket_ ogden warwick provo_orem salt lake city south carollna vermont charleston columbia selected areas greenville selected areas vlrglnla south dakota lynchburg newport news_hampton sioux falls norfolk_portsmouth selected areas richmond roanoke tennessee selected areas chattanooga washlngton knoxville memphis seattle_everett nashville_davidson spokane selected areas tacoma selected areas texas west vlrglnla abilene charleston amarillo huntington_ashland austin wheeling beaumont selected areas brownsville corpus christi wlsconsln dallas el paso green bay fort worth kenosha galveston madison harlingen_san benito milwaukee houston racine laredo selected areas lubbock mcallen_pharr-edinburg wyomlng midland odessa selected areas port arthur san angelo puerto rlco san antonio sherman-oenison mayaguez texarkana ponce texas city_la marque san juan tyler selected areas lli lntroductlon—continued calities, a census clerk) and if the form was determined to be incom- plete or inconsistent, a followup was made. the bulk of these followups were made by telephone, the rest by personal visit. for the households which did not mail back their forms, a followup was also made, in almost all cases by personal visit and in the remainder by telephone. vacant units were enumerated by personal visit. for the remaining two_fifths of the population, the household was re- quested to fill out the form and give it to the enumerator when he called; approximately percent did so. ln- complete and unfilled forms were completed by interview during the enumerator.s visit. three types of questionnaires were used throughout the country: per- cent of the households answered a form containing a limited number of population and housing questions, and the remainder, split into _ percent and _percent samples, an- swered forms which contained these questions as well as a number of additional questions. the subjects covered in this re- port are those which were collected on a _percent basis. that is, the questions for these subjects appeared on all three questionnaires, the - percent, _percent, and _percent forms. processing procedures.—the census questionnaires were specially designed to be processed by fosdlc (film optical sensing device for ln- put to computers). respondents and enumerators (and for some few items, census clerks) marked the answers in predesignated positions which could be "read" by fosdlc, from a microfilm copy of the questionnaire, onto computer magnetic tape. the tape containing the informa- tion from the questionnaires was processed on the census bureau.s computers through a number of edit- ing and tabulation steps. one of the end results of this operation was a computer tape from which the tables in this report were prepared on a cathode_ray_tube phototypesetting machine at the government printing office. another end result was the summary tape which is available for purchase, as described in the "pub- lication and computer summary tape program" statement at the end of this report. deflnltlons and explanatlons of subject characterlstlcs self-enumeration and census ques- tionnaire.—as stated in the introduc- tory text of this report, the census was conducted primarily through self-enumeration. the re- sponse, therefore, was based princi- pally on the questionnaire and its accompanying instruction sheet. fur- thermore, census takers were in- structed to read the questions directly from the questionnaire in their tele- phone and personal visit interviews. the questionnaire page containing the housing questions asked on a -percent basis and the page of the respondent instruction sheet which relates to these questions are reproduced on pages x and xl, re- spectively. the definitions and expla- nations given below for each subject are, to a considerable extent, drawn from various technical and proced- ural materials used in the collection of the data. this material helped the enumerative personnel to understand more fully the intent of each question and thus to resolve problems or un- usual cases. also included is certain explanatory information to assist the user in the proper utilization of the statistics. comparability with data.—al- though the data are generally comparable with the data collected in , certain changes have been introduced. the inquiry regard- ing owner occupancy has been sub- divided to show a separate category for cooperatives and condominiums in . the question on cook- ing equipment was broadened to cover "complete kitchen facilities" in ; i.e., an installed sink with piped water, a range or cookstove, and a mechanical refrigerator. on the other hand, the question on "condition of housing unit" (i.e., sound, deteriorating, or dilapidated) was eliminated because of serious problems with response reliability. there have also been changes in the scope of some of the tabulations. data on characteristics of housing units are limited in to year_ round units because of the difficulty of obtaining reliable information for vacant units held for migratory labor or for seasonal occupancy. moreover, the total counts of housing units given in this report for each block, tract or block numbering area, and place or area are limited to year_ round housing units. (counts of the total housing inventory, including vacant units held for migratory labor and seasonal occupancy, are given for census tracts in series phc(l), and for states, cities, and counties in series hc( )_a and hc( )_b.) the tabulations on value and con- tract rent refer to slightly different sets of housing units in than in . summarized generally, the difference is that the data ex- clude units on places of acres or more whereas the data exclude units on farms; more specific infor- mation can be obtained by comparing the rent and value definitions in the present report with those in census of housing volume l. separate figures are shown in this report for occupied units with negro head of household. ln , this type of tabulation related to the total of all vl lntroductlon—continued household heads other than white; negro household heads constituted percent of this total in for the nation as a whole, but this pro- portion varied widely among areas. total population.—the total popula- tion is the count of all persons living in the block including those in group quarters. the population for each block is subdivided into the follow- ing groups expressed as percent of the total population: negro, in group quarters, under years, and years and over. ln accordance with census practice dating back to , each person enumerated in the census was counted as an inhabitant of his usual place of residence, which is generally construed to mean the place where he lives and sleeps most of the time. this place is not necessarily the same as his legal residence, voting residence, or domicile. ln the vast majority of cases, however, the use of these different bases of classifica- tion would produce substantially the same statistics, although there may be appreciable differences for a few areas. lmplementation of this practice has resulted in the establishing of resi- dence rules for certain categories of persons whose usual place of resi- dence is not immediately clear. fur- thermore, this practice means that persons were not always counted as residents of the place where they happened to be found by the census enumerators. persons without a usual place of residence were, however, counted where they were enumerated. detailed information on residence rules is given in the census of population pc( )a reports. housing units and group quarters.— all living quarters are classified in the census as either housing units or group quarters. usually, living quar- ters are in structures intended for residential use (e.g., a one_family home, apartment house, hotel or motel, boarding house, mobile home or trailer, etc.). living quarters may also be in structures intended for nonresidential use (e.g., the rooms in a warehouse where a watchman lives), as well as in tents, caves, old rail- road cars, etc. a housing unit is a house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters. separate living quarters are those in which the occupants do not live and eat with any other persons in the structure and which have either ( ) direct access from the outside of the building or through a common hall or ( ) complete kitchen facilities for the exclusive use of the occupants. the occupants may be a single family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or nonrelated per- sons who share living arrangements (except as described in the next para- graph on group quarters). both oc- cupied and vacant housing units are included in the housing inventory, except that mobile homes, trailers, tents, etc. are included only if they are occupied. group quarters are living arrange- ments for institutional inmates or for other groups containing five or more persons not related to the person in charge. group quarters are located most frequently in institutions, board- ing houses, military barracks, college dormitories, fraternity and sorority houses, hospitals, monasteries, con- vents, and ships. a house or apart- ment is considered group quarters if it is shared by the person in charge and five or more persons unrelated to him, or if there is no person in charge, by six or more unrelated persons. lnformation on the housing characteristics of group quarters is not collected in the census. year_round housing units.—data on housing characteristics in the census reports are limited to year_ round housing units; i.e., all occupied units plus vacant units intended for year_round use. vacant units intended for seasonal occupancy and vacant units held for migratory labor are excluded because it is difficult to obtain reliable information for them. ln this report, the housing unit counts are also limited to year_round units. counts of the total housing inventory, however, are given for census tracts in series phc(l), and for states, cities, and counties in series hc( )-a and hc( )_b. occupied housing units.—a housing unit is classified as occupied if a per- son or group of persons is living in it at the time of enumeration or if the occupants are only temporarily absent, for example, on vacation. however, if the persons staying in the unit have their usual place of residence elsewhere, the unit is classi- fied as vacant. a count of vacant year_round units may be derived by subtracting the sum of owner_ and renter_occupied from the total number of year_round units. the count of vacant year-round units thus obtained includes units for sale or rent, units sold or rented but not yet occupied by the new owner or renter, units held for the occasional use of the owner, and units held off the market for other reasons. race.—the classification by race shown for occupied housing units re- fers to the race of the head of the household occupying the unit. units with negro heads of household are shown separately as percentages of owner_ and renter-occupied housing units. the concept of race as used by the census bureau does not denote clear-cut scientific definition of bio- logical stock. rather, the data repre- vll lntroductlon—continued facslmlle of respondent lnstructlons for the -percent houslng questlons a. mark only one circle. this address means the house or building number where your living quarters are located. hi. mark yes and enter telephone number, even if the telephone is in another apartment or building. h . mark the second circle only if you must go through someone else's living quarters to get to your own. h . the kitchen sink, stove, and refrigerator do not have to be in the same room. also used by another household means that someone else who lives in the same building, but is not a member of your household, also uses the equipment. mark this circle also if the occupants of living quarters now vacant would also use the equipment. h . count only whole rooms used for living purposes, such as living rooms, dining rooms, kitchens, bedrooms, finished recreation rooms, family rooms, etc. do not count kitchenettes, strip or pullman kitchens; utility rooms; or unfinished attics, basements, or other space used for storage. h . mark hot water even if you have it only part of the time. h , h . see instructions for h for meaning of also used by another household. h . a house has a basement if there is enclosed space in which persons can walk upright under all or part of the building. a house on a concrete slab has no basement and no air or crawl space below it. a house built in another way is one directly on the ground or resting on a foundation or posts to provide crawl space. h . owned or being bought means that the living quarters are owned outright or are mortgaged. also mark owned or being bought if the living quarters are owned but the land is rented. mark rented for cash rent if any money rent is paid. rent may be paid by persons who are not members of your household. occupied without payment of cash rent includes, for example, a parsonage, a house or apartment provided free of rent by the owner, or a house or apartment occupied by a janitor or caretaker in exchange for services. h . a commercial establishment is easily recognized from the outside, for example, a grocery store or barber shop. a medical office is a doctor's or dentist's office regularly visited by patients. lf your house is on a place of acres or more and also contains a commercial establishment or medical office, mark yes, acres or more. hll. lnclude the value of the house, the land it is on, and any other structures on the same property. if the house is owned but the land is rented, estimate the combined value of the house and the land. h . report the rent agreed to or contracted for, even if the furnishings, utilities, or services are included. a. |f you pay rent by the month, write in the amount of rent and fill one circle. b. lf rent is not paid by the month, answer both parts of b. for example, $ per week, j , per year, etc. h . lf exact costs are not known, estimate as closely as possible. report amounts even if bills are unpaid or are paid by someone else. lf the bills include utilities or fuel used also by another apartment or a busi- ness establishment, estimate the amounts for your own living quarters. if gas and electricity are billed together, enter the combined amount on the electricity line and bracket ( { ) the two utilities. » table . characteristics of housing units and population, by blocks: -con. washtenaw county, mich. [doto exclude vocont seosonol ond vocont migrotory housing units. for minimum bose for derived figures (percent, overoge, etc.) ond meoning of symbols, see text] percent of totol populotion yeor-round housing units lock- units in- lock- owner ing tag some truc- some aver- or oll tures or oll oge aver- totol n un- plumb- one- of plumb_ num- oge group der yeors ing unit or . in« ber volue per- lo- ne- quor- ond focili_ struc- more focili- of (dol- cent tion gro ter s yeors over totol ties tures units totol ties rooms lors) negro totol _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - _ - _ . _ _ _ i "._ _ . i _ _ _ _ . - _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ . _ . _ _ . "o "i . _ _ _ _ _ ii "l io . - "i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ jii "_ . _ _ . _ _ _ "i "i . _ _ _ - . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ " _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ "a "_ "b . _ _ _ . _ ".. " "_ "a . " _ _ _ _ _ _ "_ . i _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ "i i ._ " _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ . _ occupied housing units lock- ing some aver- aver- oge or oll oge con- plumb- num- troct ing ber rent focili- of (dol- ties rooms lors) . or more persons totol with with room- ers. oll with boord- lumb- one- femole ers. fodi! person heod house_ of or lodg- ties holds fomily ers . . . ? _ _ i " _ . " . . . . s mlch.- ann arbor urbanlzed area block statlstlcs haracteristics of housing units and population, by blocks: -con. washtenaw county, mich. o exclude vocont seosonol ond vocont migrotory housing units. for minimum bose for derived figures (percent, overoge, etc.) ond meoning of symbols, see text] percent of totol populotion yeor_round ousing units occupied housing units units in- owner renter lock- lock- lock- ing !« ing aver- some truc- some aver- some aver- oge or oll tures or oll oge aver- or oll oge con. )tol n un- plumb- one- or of plumb- num- oge plumb- num- troct pu- group der yeors ing unit ing ber volue per- ing ber rent per- to- ne- quor- b ond focili- struc- more focili- of (dol- cent focili. of (dol- cent ion gro ters yeors over totol ties tures units totol ties rooms bra) negro totol ties rooms lors negro bo . . _ _ _ b . _ _ _ _ . "_ . _ _ b _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . m _ _ - . _ . - . . _ - . _ _ _ b _ - _ _ . _ ."_ . \ii _ - _ . - _ . ... ... - _ _ ... ... ... _ _ - _ . _ _ _ - _ _ ... ... _ _ - _ _ . _ - _ _ _ - . _ _ _ _ _ u _ . _ i _ "s "o _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ a _ - _ * _ i iio _ "i . . \i "_ . iao _ io "fj . "i _ _ . .._ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ - . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ - _ - _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ii ii i _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ .._ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . i _ i . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - _ _ _ . _ .._ . - _ _ _ . - _ _ _ _ . _ - _ _ _ i _ i . _ _ _ - . _ _ _ . _ _ . - . _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ . _ . . . - . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ - . _ _ . _ _ _ . . _ _ . so . 'i . . - _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ . . _ . . _ _ . . _ - _ . . . _ - _ . . _ - . _ _ - - _ _ _ - _ . _ _ - _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ - _ . _ _ _ _ "_ . i j . _ - . _ - _ . _ _ . _ . . . or more persons per room with oll plumb- ing focili_ totol ties one- femole person heod house_ of holds fomiry with room- ers. with boord- ers. or lodg- ers s i ann arbor urbanlzed area block statistvc^ table . characteristics of housing units and population, by blocks: -con. washtenaw county, mich. [doto exclude vocont seosonol ond vocont migrotory housing unite. for minimum bose for derived figures (percent, overoge. etc.) ond meoning of symbols, see text] rerceni ot totqi popuionon yeor-round t ousing units lock- units in- lock- owner ing ing some truc- some aver_ or oll tures or oll oge aver- totol n un- plumb- one- of plumb- num- oge popu- group der yeors ing unit or ing ber volue pv_ lo- na_ quor_ ond focili- struc- more focili- •f (dol- cent tion gro tora yeors aver totol ties tures units totol hes rooms lors) negro lf . _ _ . _ lis m _ . _ _ _ - _ . _ _ _ _ ... _ b fj o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ - . _ - _ . _ _ * _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ vi _ _ _ _ _ _ _ : "o " s..s _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ f _ _ . _ _ " " ... ... ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ . _ _ - . _ _ _ " " . _ _ _ _ _ _ . - _ _ - _ _ - f f _ _ . _ _ f _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . ... - _ _ _ - _ . ... " ": ii ia . _ . "i . _ _ f _ _ _ . _ _ . ,. _ _ _ ... ... - !!! ... _ _ io . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ i . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ . "a . "t . "i _ _ _ o _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ f _ if - _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ a a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . - _ _ _ . _ _ _ . * - _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ - _ . _ _ _ _ . _ - . _ _ . _ - ss _ _ . _ _ . _ _ . o - _ _ _ . _ _ o - _ _ " " . _ _ . _ - . i _ _ . _ _ _ _ - . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ occupied housing units lock- ing some or oll plumb- ing focih- oge con_ num_ troct ber rent per- of (dol- cent lors) negro . or more persons per room totol wrrti ol plumb- ing focili- room- ers. with boord_ one_ femole en, person heod or house_ of lodg- holds fomily ers . . . . , . . j . , . . . . . in " . . . . " l / mlch.- ann arbor urbanlzed area block statlstics table . characteristics of housing units and population, by blocks: -con. washtenaw county, mich. [dota exclude vocont seosonol ond vocont migrotory housing units. for minimum bose for derived figures (percent, overoge, etc.) ond meoning of symbols, see text] percent of totol populotion yeor- round ousing unit. occupied housing units . units in_ owner renter c' more blocks persons within per room census lock- lock- lock- with ing truc- ing aver- ing aver- aver_ with room- tracts some some some oge ers. or oll tures or oll oge aver or oll oge con- oll with boord- totol n un- plumb- one_ of plumb- num- oge plumb- num- troct plumb- one_ female ers. popu- jroup der yeors ing unit or ing ber volue per- ing ber rent per- ing person heod or lo- ne- quor- ond focili- struc- more focili- of (dol- cent focili- of (dol_ cent focili- house- of lodg- tion gro ters y tors over totol ties ture s units totol mm rooms lors) negro totol ties rooms lors) negro totol ties holds fomily ers . _ _ _ _ i # _ _ . _ _ _ . m _ . _ _ - . i . _ _ _ _ _ . _ ... ... _ _ - _ _ . _ _ _ - ... ... ... _ _ _ _ _ . _ . # _ - _ _ . _ _ .. # _ . _ # - _ . . _ _ _ . l _ - - - _ _ . _ _ i # _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . - _ _ _ _ . _ . _ . # - _ . _ _ . . # _ _ _ _ . o _ . ? _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ - _ - _ _ _ _ . _ - . ' _ - . _ . . g b - _ . . _ _ _ _ . _ # _ _ _ _ . _ . . ■ _ _ _ . # _ _ _ _ _ _ ' . . # _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ . _ .. . _ _ _ _ _ _ - . _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ . _ _ _ . _ _ - _ . _ . _ _ _ » - _ - . _ _ _ _ . ■ . - . o . _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ - . _ _ . - _ _ . _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ . _ _ . _ j _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ . . . _ v _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . l . _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ mlch.- block statlstlcs ann arbor urbanlzed area ■ i 卩にづ​〇 门 リ 丁​「 は​^附​乂： iで？?] 化​了 ​ 、 細​ ^！ ！ ^ 卩​顯​腦​ - i， 丁​八リ​ 八​ iv^丁​ ？ しぽ​八!^ 丁​八丁 ​ 丁 ​ \し​八​ 巳​八 ​ ^ ザ​八​に 「 「 ま​ 。 口​ け​ ？. . ス​ 八​ 八(^ に， ^ ： ^：@ i、二 ​ ^ ) ^ み​が ​され​^ 千​^)-ィ​、 丁 ​ x ^ し​iれ​ ザ​ # ^ ^ # ^ ( ^ v iま​ ( リ​"： 门 ​viii ^ ii ( 「 ii 〜 ザ​ ^ ix 八​口​が​门​づ​ほ​^'―^「 け​ わ​ 八​一​ ^^ ( ix ，一​ ザ​ は​ 门​づ​&x^ ( ザ ​ ) ^ ^ — ^^ ( x .-^ ビ​ ) 「 づ​？* ^ "リ​「 - ^ ( ：x ，一​/^xリ​「 ソ​。ザ​化​ — づ​ | ^ — /^が​ぉ​ほ​^ 门​づ​ ^ 口​リ​ 「 丁​ ( ^「 "巾 ​ め​卩​じ​し​八丁 ​ ^ (：^八丁 ​ 了 ​ ？- . ^ 「！ ザ​ド​ 「 ： 「 ？' ^ ^ 「 ^ : ザ​讲​^は​ ^ x： ， ？- & 丁​「 (^ 【 「 ^ 「 ^ ^ 「 「閘​ 「 ザ​ ^ ( ^ 「。"口​】 ト​ ， ^ ^ | ザ​ i^^i( ^ ^ ： ？― 丁​「 お​【 「が​ ^卩​ 】 暴​ ^ ^ ： 一​ じ​ リ​ 「 【 に​^ ^ * 门​づ​ 门​，^ ^ , ( ^ 卩​ 「 】 ？^. 「， 囊​「疆​ ! ^ * x ド​ ザ​！ 議​| ^矿​ ^ ひ​ ： ^一​ リ​ 丁​「 (^ 【 「^ 「 ^ ( ？' . 「暴​i * 暴​「纖​は​ れ​ ザ​ ^ * ^ ： - 「 【 「閜​ 「 ^ ： ^ 卜​ ね ​？ 「 ？. .^ ( ( ：|^ ^ ；に​ や​一​お ​ ^&け​ は​ ？^ ^ *^ ザ​れ​彻​"： ？~ じ​ 门​ リ​ 丁​「 丁​^ し​ ^ ト​ ， * (^"纏​ 釕​iれ​ ザ​^ ^! ： — &了​「 ？- .し​ 「^ ^ | | |^ ^ 「暴​ 「 れ​： ザ ​？，ま​*： ？~ 丁​「 お ​？ !!. ^ ^ 廳​ ？ * ： ，，，，ドー​ 「 は​ ？- . * ( し​ 「^ (；^ ^ ザ ​^ ^ ^ ： ？ー​ 丁​「 は​ 【 「 ^ 「 ^ ？ ^ 门​づ​ 「 ^ 「 ザ​ ^ ：ザ​ づ​^ ： 「 叩​】 ？- . ( が​ ， ) ， x ^ ^お​"" ザ​v^は​ ？針​ぬ​加​： ？ー​ 丁​「 (^ 【 『^ 「 ^ ？ ^ ^ 「 ^ 「 ザ​ 口​ け​ づ​^ ？- . ^ * ^ ^ 「 *^ ^ ^ ザ​ ほ​ に ​？ ： — ^ 「 【 「^ 「 ^ 「 〜】 ？- . | # ， ^ * ^ ザ​れ​改​れ​"。。，： "一​ 丁​「 (^ 【 「~ 「 に​？ 「 】 - ， し​ 「「 ぱ​ ^ 「 ^ ii ^ ^ * ほ​ ， に​ ^ ， ( ^ ^ ： 一 ​ リ​ 了​「 【 「 ^ 「 ^ 「！ ( * ，ヒ​ に​ 卬​ ， 门​づ​^ リ​ ？ ^ ？- . ， ^ ， ( リ​ ^ プ​ ^^ 「！ ( 編​ ， ^ ^ ^ , ( 八​ ( ^ ： ？~ リ​ 丁​「 (^ 【 「^ 「 ^ 门​づ​ ，ビ​卬​ ， づ​^ ？ 「 门​ 】 ？- . 稳​ ( し​ ヒ​ 「^ ^ ^ ^ * ザ ​^ * ^ ？ \^ ^ 「 ^ 「 ： ， ， ， ， ？~ ^ 丁​「 【 「^ ^ ^ 门​づ ​？ ^ , 編​iiお​？ 「 】 ？- . ， ( ？ リ​ 〜 x ( ザ​^ ^ ( ^ ほ​ ^ 「 れ​「 ： ， ^ 一 ​ じ​ リ​ 丁​「 (^ 【 「 ^ 「 ^ づ ​？ づ​ 「卩​ 「 】 iii ？ ^ ？ ， ？- . ^し​ ヒ​ 【「 x ^ ^ ザ ​ ( | ^ ^ ？ 「 ： ？ー​お ​ 了​「 お​【 「 ^ 「 ^ ^ ？ 「 リ口​ ゎ​ ， ^ ， ( 』 ！^ 卩​ ^ 。―门​^ ^ ： & 丁​「 ひ​ 【 「 ~ 「 ^ ^ 矿​ ^。 れ​「 】 リ​ ^ ( じ​ 八​ /^: ？~ - . - ， - ， ん ​ ふ ​ - ， - ， 「 ^ ザ​^ ( ： 「 ( v^リ​(iiほ​ | ， ( ^ 「！ ザ​ 將​()は​ ""卜​ お​： じ​ リ​ 丁​「 【 「 ^ 「 ぬ​卜​は​ ？ 「 门​づ​ 「 ^ 「 ザ​ ^ ^ ^ ら​「。リ​口​』 ( v^ i'^！ # ^ ^ ^ 「 れ​ ザ​ リ​ ，讽​は​ii 。 お​： じ​ リ​ 丁​「 (^ 【 「 \^ 「 i^^i( ？ 「 一 ​ 一 ​ - | || 。"，；。 リ​ ほ​,糾​"卜​ ^^ 「 * ， ^！^：^, 「^ リ​ リ​ひ​リ​沾​卜​。^が​： ， i"(一 ​ じ​ 门​ リ​ 丁​「 【 「 ^ 「 八​^门 ​！！！づ​ほ​*！， ^ ^！ # づ​^ ：^ 「 』 口​ 〜，じれ​ ， ^ ^ ^ 「~ ^^！^；^ ザ​^ リ​ は​i 八​！ 「 * || 纖​iiお​ リ​， ( に​ リ​ 丁​「 (^ 【 「 ^ 「 ^ ？ ほ​ づ​ 「ド​ 「 】 - - - ^#リ​ ( ほ​ ， ^ ^ ^ - リ​门​は​i抑​は​卜​ 「 ^ 「： ， ： 一 ​ ！"「 【 「 ^ 「 ^ 门​ほ​卜​ ^ リ​「 し​^！リ​ゅ​^!^*^, ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ 「 れ​ ザ​ ； リ​门​は​，： 一​ 「 ^ ^ ^ 「！ ザ​ リ​ ね​ ： "一​ - - . 出​ リ​「 し​ "き​口​ ， ( リ​， ( ( れ​ ^ ( ^ ^ ""* 化​ に​ リ​ 丁​「 ぴ​ 「 ^ 「 ^ ？ ^ ^ 「 \^ 「 ザ​ ( ^ ^ ^ 「 口​】 ^ ^ | ザ​^ リ​门​！れ​的​は​卜 ​ 讽​* は​ ^ x ^ ( ^： * リ​ 丁​「 【 「 ^ 「 れ​卜​は​ ？ ^ 门​づ​ 「 ^ 「 ザ​ ^ ^ ^ じ​「 ( 】 リ​「 し​曰​ リ​i口卬​ ， x ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 x ^ リ​ は​ i ^i( ^ ^ ^ 「： じ​ リ​ 丁​「 「^ 「 ^ ？ 「 』 ^ ^ 「 ! ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ x ^ ^ 「： — 丁​「 な​【 「 ^ 「 ^ ？ は​ 】 ぉ​〜ぱ​リ​「 ，ちり​リ​i卩​ ， ^ ^ ^ ^~ 「 ザ​^ x リ​ は​ れ​は​卜​ 八​ 「| | ， ，！^" ， 「^ 卜​ 「： — リ​ 丁​「 (^ 「 ^ 「 ^ 「！ ( ^ ^ の​ , x ^ ^ 「 】 ^ (^* (^ 「ほれ​ ザ​^ リ​ は​i 八​ 「 | ^| #日​！ぉ​^。， 「^ リ​& 卜​ お​「： 一 ​ リ​ 丁​「 【 「 ^ 「 ^^ ^ i门​づ​ ， に​ ， づ​^ ド​ 「 】 ^ ^ 「 し​ヒ​ 卩​〜 ， ^ ^ ^ ( ) ^ ば​ 「ほ​ | - リ​が​" ^ 「 ^ ^ 「 ^) お​： "一​ じ​ リ​ 丁​「 ^ 【 「^ 「 ^ ( づ ​？ づ​ 「 ？ 「 】 ^ ^ ^ ( ザ​ ，リ​iiは​， 将​は​卜​ 八​" 「^ ^ ( リ ​卜​。" 「： ^ 一 ​ & 丁​「 (^ 【 「 ^ 「 ^ 门​づ ​？ づ​ 「 ^ 】 は​"「 し​^ ^# ^ ^ * ( ^^ 「- ^ ザ​ - ^ ~ 卜​ ぱ​ 「 ザ​ ( ( ： ^~ リ​ 丁​「 (^ 「 ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ ？ ^ &] ^ (；* 「ほ​ゎ​ ザ​^ x ^ ^ ^(^"^(^(^矿 ^ 「 ！ ： . 丁​「 な​【 「 ^ 「 ^ ^ 「 円​" iv しほ​ ザ​ド​ - 丁​は​(：" ^ ^ ^ ， お​ し​ "：" ，れ​パ​ぉ​. し​ 糊​ し​""！^凡 ​ ほ​!)^, 了 ​"， 乂​^^ リ​「 ， v漏​. ""(！门​， . ( ほ​ ( ， "，！！ホ​，咖​,"凡 ​ ^詹​！！れ​&ぱ​, ) ii|！！"#，且 ​ ^ ^ - * ^( ( ！)!/^, 丁 ​ ん ​ ^ ( ^, ^ リ​ ) リ​了 ​ リ​! ！^/^！！^卜​ほ​，丁​ .-八​^，一 ​"れ ​ れ​「：ぉ​"，"门​。. ^ ( .卩​ . 化​^ほ​/^, ^！！糊​リ​！^ヌ​ほ​. iii ( / - . ^！, ~ 隨​ほ​. "。！！",, ""，れ​。，"に ​ ^ ^ | . "(^。"^^メ​ば ​ ""！は ​ ""！| 。~ ( "！iii 「 - "リ​汰​ ^^ゆ​ ：,"化​ト​. ( * リ​ , ^凡 ​ "(^"化​^柳​. "鼠 ​ リ​" リ​け​ 、队​丫​. ^ポ​ 「(i,袖​ x ^ ^ ^ , リ​ ^ ^( i^i^i(-^ i |) ^！！聘​^鹏​！"，，一​ 丄 ​ "糊​ ^ ^ ^ リ​ ^ | |し​，. リ​脚​丫​ ん​リ​.丫​^丄 ​ ~ ^ 「、リ​.丄 ​ ( ^ ^| ( ^ ^ ^( - / ( ( ^ . ば ​ ( ^ リ​ ， 八​「 [「；も​". リ​ "卩​「 ザ​！ ", 叫 ​ ^ ?)" ，ば​-に​乂​. 「 x ^丄 ​ 卩​ 「 ^ ホ​ ( ，リ​. に​- ド​〜 れ​时​リ​ぷ​. 出​^^ 「は​ ぉ​ ， /^に ​ 「は​ ^&リ​「 'し​ 〜わ​!^「， ~ ， ^「 化​軸​—ほ​， ^ ^ (v, ^ 」 に​ ，"ま ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ (i viii , ， 」 ： ^ 〜 ，リ​ぷ​. ^ ^ - ^ ^：!. お​ひ​^ひ​~，リ​.」， 」 れ​ じ​ (v- ( ゆ​ ( ， 门​。. 八​「 リ​ ^ ほ​-ソ​ 「 | ；| - ？ ^ ，リ​,.礼​に ​ リ​ ， に​，じ​ . .円​,. ^ | | 丁​"， ( ， ^, ( ！)^*?)!)^, ^ (！*)^(^, ^ ^- ^ ^ | | |リ​ . 柳​。| 「 ノ​ ^ x ) ^- ( ； "ひ​, . ^！：. ほ​： ト​， "ホ​肺​，リ​ぷ​. (^，出​〜，户​ . ( ( , . ^ ^ 曲​ぉ​')^^^"' ゆ​巾​(^(！, \^ ^ ^ ( - ^v( i ^ 卩​ ^ ， ^卜​. 卩​ 「 ， ^ほ​. 卩​ 「 加​ ， . ^ ^ | . ？ ^ ぉ​出​ -" 乂​脚​ ， ？ ^ ""「"柳​ ^ り​，. 「 け​ ^ ホ​，^ほ​.， リ​ 「 ( ""ま​ ^，円​i お​珀​ ， (^( 门​，& . ^ x - x 〜，丁​钛​. 叶​"抓​邮​！！化​龜​れ ​ リ​.丫​. 『 ( 「 ほ​！，リ​ぶ​ に​- ^^！^, ^^ト. 「 「 も​站​ は​. 「 | 丫​， . ^ ^,^ 「 比​ 「 —购​ ま​~ ~ ゆ​リ​ぷ​. 。 〜 名​卩​ ^「 ， ム ​ 巾​ ^ \^\^^^ ^ 「「ほ​ x 叩​,ド​ ， "^ 「( , ^ リ​；^!)〜，リ​ぷ​. リ​ ， ^ ^ ^ ^ | 丁​"， ぼ​ 叫​ "め​ほお​， 讲​.リ​ .'!^.'。ト​ ( ^ ,^ 励​ 对​ 训​み ​ お​ゆ​*)，" ， ( ^ ^ ト​. ^ に​ ^ ， に ​ ( ) ひ​iv，閣​！). (^*^. ^ ^ | ^：!. 丁​ "！) ， 丁​". ( (^ ， 丁​ 化 ​ ( ) , し​ 「 ， ^ し​ ザ​ が​れ​もし​暴​. v ^ -^ ^し​^ 乂​れ​住​， は ​ し​ に​ ^ ^ | . 坎​ | か​效​ 「 ^ ， ル​. し​， は​！ 「み ​ : ^ ^ ^ ， し​^「^(！!), 丁​眯​. に​"じ​〜":，リ​.^れ​. し​ ：\^ ：， ^！". し​膨​ は​，^ ^ ^ ^ iii， v は​^ヌ​. し​ ^ , ( し​賴​ほ​八​"「！)， ^ x ( ^ v ^ xv， ^ , ト​ || | し​ れ​| は​ぺ​ ( ^ し​iれ​i， し​ ^ ^-^ ( ^ ~丄 ​ ^ ^^ ^ | 丁​躭​. 「 化​る​〜「ほ​， ^ し​ ^ お​し​ 卜​， , け​. ^ ^ ^暴​. ？ 呔​ 「| リ​「 ^ 「 れ​ ， v .- ^ ^ x ( -^ ？ ^ ^ ひ​ ひ​iれ​ ( ^ に ​^"は​ほ​，ほ ​ ひ​ ) ^ ^ 卜​ぉ​ぉ​ゅ​( は​，？ .^. れ​ ほ​，お​ほ​， ^ リ​け​，^！^. ？！^^^^,^. 円​れれ​^(！, ^ れ​け​ ^, ^ ^* ^ ^ ^ ^ v 「^ ゆ​" 「，"凡​おま​ ^ ^— ， "乂 ​れ​リ​ぬ​^^州​か ​^ "も​iに​お​嫩 ​卩​^ x - ^ 巾​，リ​^卜 ​ ^ ！ は​ は ​^ ^ ^ ^ぬ​^^お ​お​が​ & ^ ^^は​ 化 ​は ​ & & vi ( 了​^ しほ​( ザ​ - 丁『 ^ ^『 ゆ​ . ゑ​", ^， vi ^ ^ ^^ . . ( ( , ，』 ー​， ， .し​ リ​ほ​，~ 」に ​ | | . * 门​ ！~ ^お​-" v ば ​ x ^- 「( ,^!^. * に​ ( ひれ​力​ぉ​帕​, ) ， 丁​れ​. ^は​ | ， 丁​，x， , , * け​. * お​ ， （：！！け​. ~ ， ^「 暴 ​ ""咖​え​に ​ ( ^ ^* ( 貼​弒​ -し​ ^ ，じ​ け​. *^ ^ ， * ザ​. * ， * け​. ミ​""。"，卩​ほ​. ミ​"れ​ほ​モ​^は​れ​，糾​霧​^. ) — "，き ​ ^ ^ | 丁 ​ ， 針​晰​叩​ は​，し​i xひ​iv， ^^ )^ お​。""，" さ​. 暴​に ​ ( "(^， ミ​卩​。"。,，"は​. ( り​" ^ ， さ​——"，"。， ミ​卩​ぺ​〜化​ほ​， ) 卩​「 れ​ "《化​ | ， |！ ^^ ~ ， ^ ^ ぉ​，^仰​き​柳​：き​* ^ ， i (^*「i(廳​ ,丁​，x^^ i 真紅​れ​*^，^^. 了 ​ ( , ト​； ^ ゆ​. ぉ​ 了 ​ 卩​ に​ ， ( 了​^ , 丄 ​ 丁 ​ 力​！ ， v 「： ，「は​. ^) は ​れ​. お​" v ^ ( ( 相​；|し​： ， 「i(i iiヌ​丄 ​ "ぼ ​ "她 ​一​。. . .朝​ 〜 讲​|^ 《|ぉ​「 ：， \^ | ^！!. ^ ？ ( ( - | ，卩​ほ​. 眺​ま​も​^リ​む​ | ^ 「 ^ 丫​ ^ ，歸​. 丫 ​ 「に​，？ 丫​ ！ 樹​ ，き​"〜 ^ vリ​ ^^；(v,^^|；ザ​^ : れれ​，リ​.丫​. ^に​"出​ . 「 爪​ ，じ​iiけ​. む​^柳​，ゆ​- れ​^：リ​ ，リ​.v， 了 ​ ， ^^！. ^ ^，ド​ほ​. 丁​暑​る​i ""ひ​ん​"，^ 丁​ び​ * , お​. 丁​リ​ , ( 丁​リ​ ，八​ほ​. 丁​ 「，丁​*ん ​リ​ ^ 爪​ ，リ​.？. vお​ 】 十​ ロ ​ -^ ) ， ^化​ト​は​，， ( & \^ ^ 「 ほ​，了​ 慕​の​印​ け​,？ ^ 爪​；"が​ ， に​^.』.朝​(！. ^ が​ ，~ぷ​. ほ ​ ？ヮ​ ^ ^は​ほ​は​ほ​ ほ​ ③ぉ​^ ^^^ ^ お​^ ^ ^ ゥ​| ^ 旧​ リ​ 了​" vii ！^" x i门​ ^x リ​ ) ん​ぉ​" ^^^^ x 糸​一​ も​ は​^ ^ ^^ ^-^: - 。 ^ | ^ ^ ^ - に​ ^ & x^ ^ x & "押​— ^ -^ - ix ^^ ^ ^ - ^ ^ * ^ ^ - ^ * * ^ ^ ^~ -， 丁​ ^ ^ ^…一​ \^ ^^ v ： ^ ^ ド​ ^ ^ れ​一​一​v： ！ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^は​丁 ​ ^ ix ^ ^ ^コ​爲了​為 ​ ^ ^^ ^ は ​ - ^ *^^ に​；xv ix ョ​战​"し ​ ^ 矿​亡​ュ​か​呻​ザ​ば​,v ^. ^ ^ - ^， ^ ^ &巧​ ^^！： ^ .^ ひ​^&お​ ^ ^ & ^ ^ . . ^ ^ お​^\ ^ ゲ​^ ^ .； ^ ^ ， ？. ^- ^ .れ ​ ^ &', x ^ ：^ ， ^* ^尸​^ ^ 。， vi ^ ^め​!^ ^ び​ & ^ ^ ^\ ^ ， ： ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ザ​^ ^ケ​'^ ^ ^ ( 。^ - ^ ^的​ ^ ^ ~ ^~タ​ & ^ ？ おお​ に​わ​：# * ( ^ ^ & ^x ^お​v 油​^!細 ​ ^ ^* ^ ( ^ ^ ^ 、^^ 。， ^^ケ​ ^ * ^ - (^ ^ * ^ ^ぁ​ ( に​^^^ ^' ^ ^ ^ ( ^ , v ま​iv ( &^お​'^^ & に​ァ​" ^ ^ v抑​"，？^ * "！ ^ 〜 | ^ ^* ^ ^か​ ^ ， ^れ​ x^ ^ ^ ix！な​ ゝ​， "：' ^ 。ひ ​ ^ ^ 《 ^ ^ に​ひ​^ ~ 〜 ^ ^ ^ ^ お​ ^ 。ザ ​ v 。。 ^ ^な​. ^ x ^ 。， ^ 。矿​ * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 vi x^*^ ザ​ ホ​ ^ ^"そ​ひ​ ( ！^^)^, ^&xん ​？ ^ x ^ ^ ^ ^ \^ ^ xxx^^^ ザ​ ^ ザ​ , xx 一​，-お​ ^ ^ ^x 。ザ​ ^ iv -^^^ 丁​ ？お​ ザ​ ^ ^ ^ ；!"び​ ^ ^ ^x 。， ^ ^ ， ^ ^ ^〜i^i^v^ i ひ​' ！"^ ^ x^ おぉ​形​ ^ ^ ？^ゲ​ 什​ * ^ 由​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ？ ^ ^ ^ ^ 乂 ​ ( れ ​^ * - ^ x ，。 ^ ^ x タ​.し​ ~ ^^ ^ ^^^^(！. ^ ^ 叫​乂 ​ 丫 ​ ^^ (^(((^^^(！ vv ^^： ^ 。そ​^ ^ ^；な​。ザ​れ​ ！^^.焱​〜"お​ ， ^* ^び​ ^^^^( 力​ 。；め​。「 ^ ^ ^ ^ 。。 れ​ ^^^， ^ ^め​舶​ザ ​ ^ ^ ^ は​ぬ​ —！)^);^)^ ^ x ^^ ザ​ ^^？ "〜 ^ ^ ； 「ザ​ *^ *^ ^* ^-'な​ ^ ；)「 ^"ぱ​^ ^ ^(^( ^ ^ x ザ​れ​ ^ ^ ^ &iあ ​^ ^ ^ ぬ​^ ぱ​て​ヌ​， リ​^ 。，れ ​わ​ ^ : * 會​ ， ^ &(^^ ^ ^^ ) ザ​ ^ ^ ^丁 *丁 「 x * 丁 ​ト​ ^ ^ ( -^ x 《 * ^ i ^i' ^ ^i^- わ​ ^ x &x ^^x に​ ひ​"。 ^ ^お​ 。 ト ​ね​ ^ x 纖 ^ ^ x x ^ ^ x ^ホヒ​ ^^ ( ^ ) ^ ^ ^： ^ ^ ^ ， ^ な​。， ^ ^ ~ ^ 。ザ​ ひ​《iv vぱ​粉​vii， 「 ぽ​ ^ ^ ^ v ^ ^ ！ ^ ；《 ^ ii x ^ ^ ^ ^； ロ​| v^ ^ ^ ^ *^ ^ ； ^ | | ^ ^* ^ x ^ ，！ ( ( v ^x ^ ^ & ^ ^ ) ^れ​ ^ ^ ^ け​ *^ ^*^ ^ ^ ) | v ^ ^i ^ vv ^^^ ^^ * ^ ( め​れ​ ^ ^ ^〜 ^ ^ ^ ^ ね​i 。ザ​ ^ ^ ^ * ； * * (^ * * ね​ 丁​ ^ - ) ( か​〜 ^ ^x^ ^ & &な​ づ ​丁​ぬ​ か​^ ^ ^〜 * ^ ^ ( ほ​^ (！^^〗^ ^ '^！!)^ * ^ * ) ^《 あ​^ ) ^ ^ ^ ^^ * * な​*ね​"；"i ^^に​^ ( ix ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^^(！^)ほ​ x^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ * ^ ^ ^) x れ​ ^ か - わ​ ( ^ * ^ ^ ！^. ^ ~ づ​" ！^ ^ ；。 ^ ^ ^ ぉ​ ^ ザ​ x ^ ^ (！^^^ ^ * ^ ^ ( "形​.^ ^ レア​"？^ vii * ( ^ ^ ！ ザ​ 卜​ 「 ( づ​ ！ 「リ​ ( づ​ ^ & 卩​リ​ ゎ​ ；「 ， ^^ ix ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ づ​ ^ づ​ほ​- ^ ： ^： 口​「 「 巾​ ザ​^ ^ ^ ^： ^ 卜​ れ​ ^ リ​ づ​ 「 门​づ ​ ( ^ 门​リ​ ヒ​ ザ​ 仃​ i门 ​ * 「 リ​ 「 づ​^ ： 「 ( ^ 「 リ​ ！卜 ​ i ザ​ 「 ^ x* 「 め​ - お​ ， ま​v，力​"は​v x ^ ^ づ​卩​ リ​门​ - 「 「 ^ ^ ^ 巾​ 口​ ， ^ v| ！ 「 リ​ づ​ 卜​ ： # ^ ) ^ "一​ '「 口​「 「 に​ が​ぃ ​ ^ (^ 「 ( ^ . ， #丁​卜​^ お​""，，^ 口口​ ， 「 卜​ ^ ^ 「 ： \^は​卜​^ づ ​ リ​ ：づ​出​ リ​「 ザ​！ ^ ザ​ 「 ^ ( 「卜​ リ​ 门​ .(「 「 ザ​リ​ゅ​ 「 i门​ザ​ づ​！ ： 「 ， i卜​ ( ( ^ "ミリ​| | 「 ザ ​ ^ ザ​ 「じ​ ザ​；づ​ お​ は​丫​."） # "口​" x 「 「 づ​卜 ​ & ^ ( ヒソ​ ^ ^ ^ ( | ザ​ , 「巾​。「 . #八​〃(口​(.)" x ^ ) ( 卜 ​ ^ ^ ホ​"ほ​ ( れ​ ^ 。 ^ ， 翁​ ？ ： 门​ リ​ づ​ 门​ づ​口​ほ​ぱ​. # ^ 八​： づ​ 「づ​ ^ ^ れ​ - 「 ^ ^ \ ？ ^丁​八​ ~「 ~ 丁 ​i八​し​ぽ​丫 ​丁​ の​ ！门​ ^ ^ ^ v 「 口​ づ​ 门​ぉ​ ^ 「 リ​ 「 づ​\^ \^ ホ​ リ​ i卜​ ^&ね​ ( ^「 ^ ^ リ​「 ^ ^ ) ^ ( づ​ ( づ​ ( & ： ザ​ | ^ リ​i ( ：^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ . 丁​ ( ~ ^ (&^ i卜​ほ​,^ リ​「 リ​ リ口​卩​「 ^ ザ​ 「 ^ ~ ^： ： れ​卜​ (^ ぉ​ づ ​ ) 巾​ぉ​「 ^ 「 づ​ズ​ 「 ^ ^ * 「 口​卜​比​ 「 ぁ ​リ​ づ​ 「 は​ 门​づ​は​ 门​ ， 卜​ 「||^ ひ ​ ( ^ ^ リ口​口​「 门​， 加​- ！： ^ ( ^ ( 口​！ぉ​ . 丁 ​ 「 「リ​ ザ​卩​「 の​ 「乂 ​ ^ ^「 & ザ​ ^ -^ ^ ^ 「 ザ​ 〜 ： ザ​ ( ( ( ^ \^ 「 门​づ​ ( 卜​ 「 が​门​ 「 门​ リ​ 「 ^^^ ^； ^ 「 ^ - - ザ​ 「 口​ ひ​ 「 ^ ^ 〜け​i卜​ 「 「 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ i门​^ ^ 「 ^ 「 ； 卜​ 门​ リ​门​は​ ， リ​ リ​ 门​ リ​门​は​ ， v"「'「。"お​^ は​ ， づ​ リ​^^ づ​卜​ リ​ 门​ リ​门​は​ 「 x ( ^「 & ； ^ 「 「 ザ​ゲ​ 「ィ​ リ​ ^ ^ リ​门​| ^ ^ 「 ^ ( 乂 ​ ( ^ リ​ 「 ^ ^ 〜^^ * 「 ！ ザ​ リ​ 「 「 丫​ 「-「 リ​ づ​卜​ リ​ ^ i门​ ^ 「 旳​ 「 ；ゆ​ 「 ^ # ^ 卜​ づ​ ， 「 リ​- 口 ​： づ ​^ リ​iiは​ 「 ^ ^ ^け​ ^ - 「 ザ​ リ​ リ​が​ づ​卜​ ：门​ リ​^ ^ ^ ホ​ 「 ^ 「 ； づ ​ ザ​づ​ ザ​ 「 ^ ^ 「 「 「 * ^ ^ ^^ 「 ^ ( 「 ザ​ ^ ザ​ リ​ ( ^ 「 ザ​「 门​ 「 ザ​~ ， 丁​卜​ 加​ 〜 - 卩​ ^ 「 「 ^ づ​ ^ ( ( ^ ザ​ ^ に​丁​卜​ ^ ^ ザ​； リ​ ザ​ 「 ^ ^ づ​ ね​ 「 に​^ ^ 「 & 「 に​巾​ 「 ^ ザホ​ ^ ( か​^. ^ ^ ^ ^ づ​ 卩​ づ​^ ii (^^「^祕​！^な​！び​ 「 《 け​| づ​^ 「 「 口​ ほ​卜​ ( ザ​i* 卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​ 「 门 ​ホ​ ザ​ リ口​； づ​^ リ​门​は​ ) 「 ^ | ^^ ^ リ​ | ザ ​丁​iii， ^ 「 |リ​ 「 ^ | | 口​ 「 「 (ぬ​)卜​ リ​ ゎ​ ； 「 「 ^ ( ^ ( v ^ 「 「 ( ^ ド​i门​ ソ​， ^ ^ ^( ^ ほ ​ 叩​, ^^ 化​ ^ ^^ 。ザ ​？「 リ口​口​「 づづ​ ね​ 乂 ​ "は​「 (^ に ​ - ； \ リ​ 了​ 众​ 丁 ​ ^ ？；^众​ し​i 丁​丫 ​ 「 ？^ 「 "！ivザ​ 「 ^ ^ 「 化​ x . ix ん ​- 《 づ​ x ザ​ ) . - - に ​ 门​ 「 门​リ​〜 「 ゎ​ 门​ ？ 「 。- . ， ，， - づ​ ^ - ？ . - - ^ づ​ ^) ！ 丁​ ？ 「 「 ， 議​ * リ​^ ^ &し ​viii リ​丁​ ~丁​ 丁​ 丁​... viii 丫​ ^ し​ ^^ ^ ^^？^ ^ は​v"丁 ​ リ​ ix ^ ^ ド​ ^了​八​ \ 「 リ​丁 ​i八​し​i 丁 ​丫 ​ix - ^ ^ 丁​ ^ ：丁 ​(^^^^^/^！し​i 丁​v ix 誠​!^に ​丁​卜​ 口​ は​ ^ ^ ザ​^ & ^ ^ ( ^「^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ づ​^ ^ ^ ^ ザ​ 「 仃​ ホ​ ^ x 门​づ​ 。""！ ，し​ ^^ v ザ​ 「ホ​ ， リ​，,^ (^ ^ ^ ( ザ​八​ ， ， ^ ^ ^ ！ ^ ^ じ​ 「 お​ ザ​八​リ​ リ​れ​ ， ^ ^ 八​リ​ リ​" ， 「 ， 门​づ ​ ヒ​ 「 )，〜卜​匕​卜​ ^け​； ^ 丁​は​ ， リ​ は​ づ​ 丁​卜​ 门 丁​矿​ な​ 「； ^ || づ​ リ​ づ​リ​ ^ ^ザ​ 「 (^ づ​ 「づ​怖​仃​。. ^ ( ( ( は​^ 八​) ^ザ​ 「 ^ ^ ^ 「 (^ ^ リ​ ^ ( ^ ^ ( ^ ^， ， ^ ( ^ ザ​ ホ​ 「 ( け​ i门​ホ​！ & 「 (^( 「 卩​ リ​-ん​！. 丁​卜​ 「 ^ "節​お​ザ​ ^ ザ​ 「 ^ 「 ( i， ^ - ( . .， ^ ^ ( ^ ^ i。 れ​&" ， ， 「 ！), ^ ^ ( 乂 ​ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 八​「 口​ け​ ，ホ​ ^ ^ ね ​ 「 「 ^ ^ ！ ^ ほ​「 「 | リ​ ザ​ 「 口​卜​v ：ホ​ ^ ^^ ^ & は​ 门​ ザ​卬​リ​は​ - 閘​ ^、， 「 リ​は​乂​印​リ​；リ​ | お​は​〜" リ​ 乂 ​( 门​ 匕​门​^ほ​门​づ​)， '- 卩​ づ​^ ザ​ , 「 「 ； 卜​ - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^卩​ ザ​ , 「巾​ 「 ！门​卜​ は​ な​.i门 ​ ^ ( ( 「 口​ ， リ​^ の​ 「 * ^ ザ​ 「 ^ 「 ^ ^ ( ザ​ * な​iづ​ \ ^\ ( 「 吻 ​ |\； | 门​ (门​ 门​ ^ & ^ ？ ^ iれ ​ \ ^曰​门​ ほ​ づ​)，i门​(^「口​。ほ​！ぉ​| , 「 ^ 「 ^ # ^卬​ ！ , 「冚​ 「 わ​卜​ ヒ​は ​ド​ 「 x^ ザ​じ​ ？、 卜​ 〜门 ​ 卜​ ^ ^ 「 & 「 | け​ ， 叩​ づ​ほん ​「 「 リ​ 仃​ ( ^ ^ 「 乂 ​ ^ 「v ザ​ ( ザ​ , 「 「 ， ^ ( ^「 ^「 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ 「 リ​门​(乂​， "は​卜​め​ v^ ) "口​" ^ ^ ホ​ 「 リ​^ ) に​丁​。"ほ​ザ​ 「 ^ "！!^は​" 「 ぉ ​ ^( 「 ^ 门​づ​ ザ​ ^ 口​ 「わ​ 门​ ザ​ ^ ザ​ 「化​ 「 リ​ま​ リ​吻​. 丁​卜​ 门​ リ​ ザ​！ リ​「 卩​「 门​ づ ​卜​ 「 v (^付​ 「ザ​「 ( ^ ^ i卜​ ^^ 门 & ( 。お​, じ​ 义​ づ​！iiお ​卩​リヒ​し​ 〜 - 「 づ​ 仃​ ) づ​ ( 口​ ( リ​(：な​.丁​* ^ 「 ^ ( 「「 ザ​ び​ 「 ザ​ リ​ づ​ れ​ 「 ^ ^ ( ^ し​. - ^ れ​ 「 ^「 ( づ​. ^ ^ ^ v\ ^ ^ 门​乂 ​ 「 ^ 「 ^ ^ ホ​！ 丁​^ づ​| ザ​ ^ 糾​ 「 づ​ 「卬​i门​ づ​ れ​ 「 リ​ リ​ | ザ​i卜​ 「 "は​ ザ​ホ​ ( ^ ^ "ほ​ リ​，「！ ^ ザ​ 「 ザ​ づ​ ， ^ x^ ^ ^ ^ .八​ ^ ザ​ ^， ^ ^ 「 ： ^ ^ ^ 门 ^ v お ​リ​ リ​| お​ ザ​i卜​ ^& 「 リ​は​丁​^ ^ ^卜​ 糾​ リ​ 「， ^ v ^( 「 x ホ​ ^ 「^ iii〜 ^ ^ ^ ^ 门 ^ づ​ ザ​ 「 ^ 「 「！ 「リ​「ホ​ 「 ^ ^ ^^) ^ ^ザ​ 「 ( ^ リ​ ) は​ ^^ ^ 八​ ( ほ​ ， "り​"！"|ぉ​ ， ( x^) 暴​。"き​ 』 ~ 「 ^ 「！ 化​ ^ づ​卩​「 づ​リ​「 の​ 「 リ​ 「 づ ​ ) x ザ​ ^ "卩​ ^ ^糾​「は​i门​ ^ 「 「， リ​「 リ​ ザ​ホ​ じ​ リ​ ，れ​ 卜​ ^ 门​， .( ， ^ ^ ；门​ザ​ 「巾​ 门​^ & ^ 「 ^ 「 ^ ^ ザ​ ^ \ 丁丁​ ？ 丁​ 了 ​丁​^ 「 口​ 「 x (ホ​； ： ^ ^^ ( x ( ^ x # ( ザ ​ # ^ づ​ づ​ ヒ​ . ( * i门​ホ​ ^ ^ 「 ザ ​ ^ &ぉ​ \^ 门​ づ​ ^ 「 ^ 「 ^ v 「^^i ^ 「 口​ け​ & * ^ i卜​ ^ ザホ​ 门​ 「 づ​リ​了​卜​ ひ ^ ^ね​ か​ 糾​ ~ ^ ザ​ 仃​ お​ ( ~ ^ ザ​ 仃​ (^ ， 「 | リ​ 门​i，ザ​ 「 (！) 仃​ ^ ^ 「 口​iは​ ^ 「 「 - ；( ) 「 ぉ​ ) ^ 「 ^ ； ^ ^ 仃​ "； は​) 仃​ お​| 「 ^は​ii 〜 「 ^ 「！ v ザ​ 「 ； づ ​ ^ ^ ^ 化​^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( 「巾​ 「 口​ 「 门​ ， ^ 仃​ ^ ^( 「 ^ ゆ​ 「 は​v ^ け​ ^ ^ 〜 ^ 「 x リ​门​づ​ 「v 「 v ^ ^ ザ​ れ​ 「 * ( 「 づ​ホ​ ^ * 门​iv ^ ^ ： "「！^ づ​ ^ ひ​ 丁​？- ^ 「 リ​ * ？ ^「 ( ( ！ 口​ 口​リ​ ^ 「 「 & ^ ^ ザ​ -^) x ^ ； ？~ 「 リ​ 卜​^ ^^ ；づ​ ； 门​づ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( リ​丁​ - ^ 「 じ​ ゎ ​ . ^ ^ や​ x ^ づ​ づ ​丁​ - 卜​「 リ​ ^ - か​ 樹​お​の​口 ​ ^ づ​ . 八​ | 门​づ​ix ^ ^ ^ ^ v 「 「 ： ： 怕​^., 「( 「 ( ( ， ^ ^巾​ 仃​ 口​ ' .八​卩​口​ x ほ​ 「 v ( づ​ x ザ​ 「 卜​ ^ ( リ​ 「 (^！! v^ v(. ^^ ^ ix x^ ホ​ 「 ( 「リ​ づ​ ^ * ^ ^ づづ​ & 「；^ ^ づ​ - ( 「 「 づ​リ​「 ，八​口​口​ ， ^ 口​「 门​ i门​ 「巾​ i卜​ 「 び​ 「 i门​i卜​ づ​ づ​^ ホ​ づ​ii；门​ 「 づ​リ​「 i八​门​づ​ほ​& viii ザ​ & ^ ザ​i卜​ 「 ( ) ( 门​づ​ 卜​ 「 ^( ^ ^ix 「 リ​巾​^ ^ ^ づ​ほ​- ^ 口​「 「 卬​ ザ​ ^ . ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ヒ​ づ​ 「 ^ |！ ^ 「 ザ​ ^ 仃​ ^ ^ 「 リ​ 「 づ​ 乂​「 口​ は​ 「 リ​ ！卜 ​ ザ​ 「^ ^^ ^ 「 ( ^ ^ ^ホ​ 「 口​ ^ # リ​门​(乂​,汩​リ​门​ 乂 ​ ( ^ ^ 门​づ​^ ~ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 丫​ ^ し​ ^ や​ に ​；\ ソ​ ^丁 ​ ^ | ザ​ | 外​ 门​ v^^ ( づ​诉​ひ​ 「 口卜​ヒ ​ ^ 「 リ​ づ​ i卜​ 拳​、^ ^ "-"「 口​「 「 「 ^ 卜 ​ ""ゆ​「 リ​ づ​ i卜​ . ， ^ 丁​卜​ ^ づ​ \ ， ノ​ ^^ | | 「i卜​^ ^ づ​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^^ ( ( ^ ( ^ ザ​|| ザ​ 卽​ ^ ザ​ 「！ づ​ リ​ づ​リ​ ほ​ 「 リ​ 门​ "门​：".(「 「 ザリ​ゅ​ 「 ^ づ​； ： リ​「 ， ^ ^ ^ ( ^ "ミリ​口​卩​「 お​！ ザ ​ ザ​ 「 ザ​；づ​ は​丫​.〃） # ^ "！ x - 门​リ​ 「 ！ づ​ - 「 が​は​ヒ​乂​(卜​ 门​づ​ 〜 ザ ​ 口 ​ ザ​ , 「 v(v^. #み​"(卩​も​)" x ： 口 ​ 口 ​ ホ​ ゆ​iは​〜 ^v 参​ ？ じ​ リ​ づ​ : づ ​# ^ ^ ： づ​ 「 ^ - ^ : れき ​ii & ^ ^^ ^ ド​ 八​丁​众​？ 卞​ ^ 门​ザ​ づ​ お​ は​v口​「 ^ づ ​「 ^ ( 门​づ​「 じ​ 「 ^ ^ ^ リ​「 ^ ザ​ じ​ リ​ ^ ^「 ^ リ​「 ホ​ ^ ^ &^ ( づ​ ^ ^ ^ ！ ^ 「 ！ リ​i 口​ け​ 仁 ​ ( ^ ^ 门​づ​卜​ リ​ 门​ リ​门​は​&.丁​ 巾​- 口 ​ ホ​i卜​ほ​，ホ​ 门​ リ​ 「 リ​口​口​「 ^ ザ​ 「 卜​ 「 「 わ​ ^ ^ 「 づ ​ ^ ( ぉ​「 ザ​^ ^ & ^ 「 リ​れ​は​ 仂​ 「 ^ 仁​ 「 ， リ​ づ​ 「 は​ 门​じ​ 门​づ​は​： 门​ ， * ^ ( 「|| ひ ​ 门​づ​ | ^ リ​口​卩​「 〜 お​. ！ ^ 〜 ( v ^ ^！^. レ​'丁​卜​ 「 「リ​ ザ​口​「 甲​ ひ​ ^ 口​^ & 门​ ザ​ ^ リ​门​i -^ 「 ^ 「 〜 ： ： リ​iiな​ ザ​ 祕​ ^ ( ~ ^ 「 门​づ​ ( ^ 「 が​门​ 「 リ​ 「 リ​叩​「 も​ 化​ 「（：卜​ 「 は​ 「 ！ ザ​。「 ^ 「 * ^ ^け​^ 「 「 「 ^ 「 ^ ひ​ ^ 「 口​^ほ​ ； ザ​ * リ​ 门​ リ​が​お​，^ 门​ ^ "！!；お​,v"「-「 ( 卜​ リ​ 门​ リ​ は​ ， 门​づ​ ^ * リ​ 门​ リ​〜お​ ^ ( ^ ^ ^； (^^「ぉ​は​！^^は​ ザ​丫​ 「ィ​ リ​ ( リ​ 化​ リ​门​は​ ^^ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ヒ​乂 ​ リ​口​ ：丫 ​ リ​ 「 ^ ^ ^脚​卜​ 门 ​ 「 「 ^ 「 ^ ^ 乂​ 「ィ​ リ​ づ​卜​ & i卜​ 「 ( ^ 「 ； ^ 「 ^ 「 ( ！ ^||| 卜​ リ​ * づ​ ， 「 ~ ( ^ リ​ は​ 「 ^ ^ ^け​ ^ 「 ザ​ リ​ ( ^卜​ 门​ リ​^お ​糾​は​^门​^ 「 ( ^ 「 ； 门​づづ​ れ​「卜 ​ ^ ザ​づ​ ザ​ 「 ^ 「 「 门​ 「 「 * ^ 门​〜れ​卜​ 「 ^ 门​リ​^ 「 ザ​ ^ ^ ( i卜​ 门​リ​^ 「 「 vi & ザ​~ ， 丁​卜​ ^^ ^ ( ~ | 「 お​ 「 「！ ^ ^ ^ i门​づ​ ^) 门​づ​ 丫 ​ ！ ^ \ 丁​^ ^x^ ^ ザ​ 「 ^ づ​ 「 「 ^ 「 「 -巾​ ^ 卜​ リ​ 门​ ^ ： ザ​ ^ 口​ け​！ づ ​れ​^. ^ ( 门​づ​ リ​口​| づ​^ ^ ^ リ​门​は ​^ ' ！' ^ ：「 ~ ば​ づ​^ 「 「 口 ​ ^ 「 门​( 化​ ^ ^ ^ * ザ​ リ​口​！ づ​卜​ リ​ ！ リ​が​お​) 「 ) ^づ​は​ リ​ | ザ​ 「 || も ​丁​卜​ほ​ ^ ^ ！"， 卜​ | ^ 「 「 ( )卜​ リ​ 门​ じ​门​は​ ！ ： ヒ​ ( 口 ​ づ ​ 门( ^: ^ ^ 「 「 口 ​ 卜 ​ ま​"卿​。〜. ド​ 乂​， ( リ​口​口​「 ！ ほ ​ ( ( 口​「 リ​ 门​( ^ ^ ^^ ザ ​？「 ^ リ​| 口​「 づづ​ ヒ​乂 ​ リ​ 仃​ : 门​. - ^リ​ ^ 丁 ​ ^^众​ ^ し​i 丁​丫 ​ - 〜口​ 「 ヒ​ ザ​ 「 iが​ * ^ ^ 化​ x ：口​ ， ix 她​ん​ ^x ^(^！^)^: ！ [！^! ^ ― * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * v知​ぼ​"^ ^ ^お​',—ii ^ . * x ^ *x^^(^] & ^^^^^^^リ​^^既​^^^^^れ​町​ ！既​^れ​^^^^^乳​^ ) ^ x ) ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ) ^ * * * ^ x 战​リ​^ ， ^！^. ^ び​(^リ​ 丁 ^ 满​，. |^ ^ ^ ^： ( [！ ( * |， ^ ( ^ ^ *^ ^ * v ^ ぼ​ ^ ^ ^^ ！) (^^ ( . *き ​ x ^ x^ ^v 迪 ​ i i i ^ i ^ 駕 ​ ^ ^， れ​) れ​) v― . . ― ― ― ― ^ ― 一​. ― ― ― ― ひ​ ひひ​ ひ​ ひ​ ひ​ ひ​ ' ^* ^^ び​剛​ 丁 ^ 柳​^ ^ "に​".；"" xi じ​ ほ​ じ​ 【 ^^ に​つ​リ​ 卞​ ザ​卞​^ 了​ 卞​ 卞​ ( ザ​卞​ 「す​^ す​ &リ​ 卞​ ( ( 「 '^ i 卞​ ( — 广​卞​ ^) ) す​ ( づ​^ i ^ ( 卞​ づ​卞​「 す​ (ほ​门​^ 「 ^「^ろ​ミ​） 「 卞 ​i ^ 门​ "り​ i 卞​^ ： 「 广​卞​^ v づ​^ 「「 す​ ^ * 「 「 ^ "ひ​iiすす​^/《 「 「^ソ​！ら​^) ^ ； ザ​ 广​" す​ ( (！ 「 i ^ ( i i ^ じ​ 一 ​ 一​八​ 门​づ​ # づ​^じ​ 墨​ 一​八​ ( ？ ^ - ^ ^* i ( 广​ 「「 卞​ 卩​ i す​ ( ( 卞​ す​ ^ i 「 「卞 ​ー​ 广​ ( 口 ​ 卞​ づ​，iれ​ リ​ ；卞​ リ​ 卞​ i i ( ？ i ^ザ​ 广 ​^ v ^( i i i ^ 「「 ^卞​ ( ザ​卞​ ！"す​^ 「 卩​ 「卞​ 卩​「 卞​ ( 「 v i ^'"！ "！" ャ​ + ) 广​ -v i i i i #に​ す​ 爪​ 广​ - i 【（； 「 「 に​卞​ )， リ​「 リ​ ザ​ ' じ​ リ​ ， 卞​ ， ， (： ， ， ^ ^ i ゾ​ リ​ 卞​じ​ 「「 に​卞​ づ ​^ ^ ^ i ；卞​れ​卞​ じ​ じ​ 广​「"^(；卞​ づ ​ ， ^ '化 ​ 卞​ リ​ 卞​ゲ​，， フ​.二 ​： 化 ​ '化 ​ ^ な​ ) ！" 卞​丫 ​，， ：パ ​：":め ​ ， ― 二​フク ​ お ​ . ゆ​し​し​… '！ '-^. り​- ^ /" に​卞​ ゅ​卞​，し​.，， i & ^ ^ ) i づ​ 「 ， 。む ​ 丁​广​^(：卞​ . リ​す​，） 】 「 に​卞​ ゆ​卞​ ) ^ ^ 「 ' . 【 卞​拳​） ：リ​ 'ノ ​！つ​'： . ゆ​卞​ん​… ん​ -. た​'， す​ ザ​ 「れ​ け ​す​广​ 卞​ ひれ​卞​ , ， . ひ ​ が ​ 「 ：す​ ， \ xii 丁 ) ？- . ^ ^幽​ ?v^* i\%: ( ， 了 ​ ^ "。比​， ^ ^ま ​^ ^ ^ ^ ^ x ^ 纖 ​ - * ^ 響​拳 ​で​ v^v^ ^v^ ^ vv ^ ^ ^ v^v^ ― v^v^ ^ ^ ^* ^ ( ^ v^^ ^ ^ * ^^ ^ ( ^ v^ ^^ —響​-拳 ​ ^ ―― ^ ^… v^v^ ― ( ^ ― ^ ^… ^ … * ^ ^… ^^ ―- ^^ ^ー ​ v^vx ( * 一 ​ v^vx v^ ^ 网 ​ で​ |^ ほ​ つ​ & ^- ~ ^ ^ & & ？. ^ ^ . ^ ^^ ^# ^' &] ？ . ^ & ^ ^ ^ ^-^* ^ ？ シ​ ' ^ ^ "ゆ​ ^-& ^ & ぬ ​ x ル​ ？. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ & i る​ "^！ れ ​ . タ​る​ & ^ ル​ ，： ^ ' る​ パ​ ク​ お ​ i れ​^^ ^ 一 ​ ^ム ​ 一 ​ ^，： i な ​^ 傷​^ ？ぶ​ リ​？ は ​ 眾​ お​" ^ ^ ^ ( |一​一 ​ .^^ * i | ^ シ​ ； v タ​ ？ ！^" ^め​ ぉ​リ ​^^"^^^^ぬ​ : ；め ​ . ！ お​ ： : ^ = お​ ？； ぎ​ ) ^ . . # る​ タ​ ^ や​ る​. ^ ^ ^： ？ i ( 'ひ​ ひ​^ ^* ^ ^ ^ ^ & ^！. -".^れん​ ん​^ ^ ^ v & タ​ る ​ ^：^ ひ​ . ^ ひ​. ？ き​ ひ​ ひ​.ひ ​^ ^x . ひ​ . ^ ^- ^ —に ​ ^ る​孓​ . ？ & ^ & ^ ^ ^ &^' ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . シ​ひ​ ；丄​ ^ ^ ) * ふ ​ & ，ァ​ け​ぬ​ 屬​ る​ * る​ タ​ & ^ ^ ^ & .^-^ . # ォ​iv # ， - ^ ^ ^ ^ ふ​ ^ ^ ！ .ひ​ & ひ ​^ ^ ^ ^ # xi ^ ひ​ 'ケ ​ や​？'お​ ^ ^ ね​？？ひ​ ひ​ & . ^ ^^ . . . . ^- ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ . ；? ^ ^ ^ ^^ お ​ ，， '^ ^^ ^^ ' ^ 'ひ​ - ；？？ ： ？？ ^ x ぬ ​ ひ​ ^ 一​！！ヨ ​一​？ ョ ​び​^リ​ 丁(^( 柳​化​ ，お​に​".，说​ 八​？- 曲​？- . ) ^ ( ) ？ ^^ ： -な​に ​ * ^ v"i^^*渐​（！)^^^. ^ ^ /^ ^ ^ ^！^.攝​ ^ )^x ^ ^ ( (((^！& ^！ * x * ！# ！^ x) ( ^胃​(！^*!/(())()墨​—墨​…拳​響​響​響​.響​-...響​拳​響​.—...—響​墨​删 ​ ((^(！^!――――—一​—響​響​墨​醫​響​響​...拳​.— ^ 丫 ​iv * 丫 ​^ v ^ * ( ^ \！( * ^ ^ 一​—一​———一​墨​-—— ^ ^ * ^ ^ ^ 一​…^ ――ー ​麵​ , "琴​隱​画​ — 一 ​，， v^v*- ぎ​/^ * & ^ ^ ^ ^ v^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^^ ^墨 ​ * * * ！^^, | ^ ^響​響​響​拳​響​響 ​ ^ ——墨​…——一​……一​一​"… ^ ^ ^ x ) * ^^ —響​.. ^ ^| ^ x^ ^ xii^—^vi\. ひ​ ！# ， ^ ^ は​肪​ . ， . ^ は​ ^ 丁​^xii 繊 ​ 翻 ​ ^ v^ ^ ， ^v* ― v * v^v^ v^v* * v^v^ v^v^ ^ v^v^ v^( i ^ —墨​一​響​—~拳​― ^ ^ ^拳​—墨​————墨​* ^( ^( ―――― ^v * i v^ ^響​一 ​ ， * ， v^v^ ， * ^ v^ ^ ^^v ^ ― ^ ^ ― v^v( ― v^ ^ ^ v^ ^ ( vv一 ​ ^個 ​ ( ^個 ​ ^拳 ​ ^ は​^ ？は​^ ！？！ぬお​^^^^^^ ^ ^ *^ x x^: ^ ^: ぉ​&？ ^ ^^^^"^^^^^ 一 ​一 ​ ^め​葡​は​ i 一 ​^ お​^ ^ぬ​^ ^^；？？！ viii ん​ ， 打​， ^ ひ ​^ ^ ^^？ ；i おん​ * . ^ ^ ^お​^れ​お ​ ^ | 坊​が​ ？ ^ ^ ひ ​ ii 乂 ​ ^^"^^^ぶ​ リ​ ^^ ぬ​^ ！ 川​ぬ​？ : ^= ^ぷ​リ​^お​？： 崩​ x ^ ^ ^ 一 ​一 ​ ^^^ 恥​^ め​^^^^^^ぬ​^的​^^化 ​ ？『 ほ​鬥​ぉ ​ ^ ^ ^ i i ^ ^^^ ？^ ^ ' '& & ^ i まひ​ &る​ ケ​る​ひ​ ひ​ & 義​ ' き​ ， ^ ^ ^ ^ & ^ & ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ？"丄​^^ ，タ​ ， & ， は​^^"?^x ^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ : ^^ i リ​ ；：：ぉ​ 一 ​一 ​^^^^^^^ 一 ​i ^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ - * '― & ひ​ ^ ^ ^？ お​ぬけ​ ^ - ？..&&な​ & ^び​，ふ​ . ひ​& す ​ | ？^ ，メ ​ 力​つ​ ~ ^ ^ ^ 的​& v タタ​ タ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^* ァ​ひ​& ^ & * &卜 ​ ぬ​^ ^ね​^^ジ​- 一​^ぬ​ :^^ : け​ ？ ！ * i 一 ​一 ​ i な​ る​ や​ ゥ ​& ^^ ^^| ^ & & ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ' ほ​ && . ^ ^ . 翁​ お​ ^ 零​や​， ^ 瞻​ ^ ^お​ ^ ^"的​ ^^^ ^ ) る​ - 醫​. ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^' & ^ * ^* "，ひ​ & ， ，ゆひ​.."^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 、 ^ 命​ は​ぷ​ ョ​ii！ 』 ，ー​ 遞​^ ^\. ， ^ (！^リ​ ^ひ​ 丁 ) ？-]. ^\ ) x ^^^ ^ ^ ： - . 了​^ii . ^x ^ ^ 丁 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 丁​^ ^ ^ ^x カ​ひ​ . ^ . ^ . . ^ ^ . ひ . . ひ ​ ？ . ひ ​ . ^？ぽ​ ？ほ​ぶ​^^お​ |おぶ​？ 〗 お​^ぉ​做​ぷ​の​ぱ​ さ​"|お​ ぬ​"き​ ぉ​"お​？ "？" お​^^ 訟​x"^お​？？ ^ ぷ​ぉ​ぷ​浩​？"は​^欲​？^ ^ ^^^ ^* = ： ^ ？^ ？ぉ​. おま​" る​ 'る​ i xv ^ 一 ​ ^* ^ - ^* ひ​ .^ ^ . 力 ​お​.& ひ​ x ？ * ^- ザ​ ^ ^ '^ ，丄​ぉ​ * '- る​ ク​ 一 ​響​ 墨​i 暴​^ る​ ― x る​. ん​ *^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^ 一 ​i な​ ク​ - i i ， な​， ひ​ シ​ ァ​|： ^ ： ^ サ​ ' ' &ふ​ ひ​ る​ ^ & & ^ ^ & ^* ^ ^ &' ，丄​ ^ v ^ & ^ & . & * . . ほ​ ' ^ る​ る​ タ​せ​ * ^ ^ ^はお​ ：？ は​ひ​は​^ ？ぉ​おお​：？ ^ ： ^は​^! ^リ​^ ^^^^^れ ​^^^^^^^^^ リ​^ は​に​ ， ^ リ​^め​ ^^^ ^^ i ^^ ^ ^ ^ る​ ^ x^ ^ マ​ ' ~ ~ る​ ii タ​ ^ ュ​ ひ​ み​ ひ​，& ふ​ ひ​ — ^ & ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^-& ^. ^ ^ お ​v i ^ ^ ；》 ^ x & . る​ ^* る​ ァ​ 'ひ​- ^ & i： *^ ^ ^ . - . ^墨​i る​ ) 一 ​i ^- ^ ^' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ぬ​ - * 'る​i i ^ ^-^ 一​一 ​ お ​ ォ​ ？！，" ^ & ぎ​ォ​ァ ​は​^^ & v & . ^ ^ & ル​ び​リ​ リ​ 丁​^ 化​"ル​艮​ 站​ ^ ^ ^ー​ 丁 ^ ？- . * x^ ^x ) ？ ^ * ： -〔加​. ) ^ ^ ^ 一​一​— v ——響 ​ v^ ― v^ ―- * v^ ^ —響 ​ v^ ― ^ v^ … ( ^* —一 ​ ^ ^一 ​ ― ^墨 ​ ―一​響 ​ ( ^一 ​ ( ^墨 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^墨 ​ ( ^一 ​ v^vx ^ - & ^ ^ x * ^ ^ || |墨​-——墨​墨​删​—删​—醫​删 ​^ ^ ^――――― ^( ^ ――― ^| ( ^x ^ ———————響​.—————..——————... ^ * ^ ^ v* i^…墨​… ^ ^ ザ​ * ^ ^ ^ v^v^一 ​^ ^ ^ ―"― ^ ^ ， * ) ( ^ * ^響 ​^ * ^^「的​ ^x * —―… ^ v ， ^ ^ ^ ) ) ^ ^v^- . ^ ^ 、！ . . ^ . ひ​ . ii ii ii i i iii x 爾​？ お​？^^ 認​ お​^ ""さ​？^? 眾​ お​^i？お​^ ^^^？ 川​ お​ ぉ​ぷ​ ？ ！ ： ^ ひ​^^^^^^ ぼ​|お​^ ？ぶ​"&おぶ​^^ お​" 一​^ ^ ほ​ 獎​ 一 ​^ ぶ​ぽ​ お​結​"おお​^ 謂​ ^^？？ 朋​^ぶ​^お​^ぶ​^お​ ？溫​詣​ぉ​ ？ ^ ？ぶ​""リ​ ， ^^ ^^^お​^^お​^^め​"リ ​^ & * x . ) ， ん ​i お ​ お ​ . . . & ぬ​ ^ ^* i i i一 ​ i i 一 ​ i一 ​ リ​ け​^ ^ゆ​ ^^ は ​ 的​ 站​^ ； ^ ^ 「 - x ^-^ 一 ​ る​ i i一 ​ る​ ^ i冊​墨​醫​i i i i ^リ​ ？ ^お​^け​？ き​ー​ *刚​^ ^ぉ​ ^， 丁 ) ？- . (！!!^!^!^! !!!!^ ？ ^ ^ - . ^ ^ x | |^ |^ ||， ^) |( | ~ ^ ^ | ^ ^ # ( ^x 為​ 藝​ \^ ^ ……― ―" ―― v^^ -一 ​ ―— ^^ ^ ——響 ​ v^ ^ ―― v*v^墨​一​一​響 ​ ―― * x ^ ― ^ ―― v^ ^ x ^墨 ​ ^ ^ *( ^ ^ ( ^- ^^ ^お​ ^- ( v^ ―― v^v^， v v^ ， v^v ， v v^， v^v* ， v^v^， ^ \ . ^ ( ^ x v^v^ ―― v^v^ x ^墨 ​ *^ ( * 墨 ​ v^v^ ) ^墨 ​ね​！""^ ^個 ​ ^ ii&^ ^ ^ ^ ^ | —響​—. ^ ^ * —一​………— ^ ix ——墨​..——..―響​—.—.* ！ ) ^ ( |一​——響​墨​墨​墨​一​墨​―~響​一​-響​響​.響​響​響​響​* ^ ！) ^！)) ) ！)*/^^(，—墨​-墨​—響​——響​.——.—.——....——墨​拳 ​嚇​ * ( ^ v^ ニニ​二​: ((！！)^ ^ ^ ^^ || ^ ―――――- * * * ) ^ 墨​—響​醫​―拳​響​-響​響​響​— ^ #^ | * ^ ！^)^, 。^ ^ ―-ー​^墨​墨 ​嫩​ * ^ ^ v v^^…一​一​…一​- ^ *^ x ^ ^^^！—――― * ""美​ ^ ^ ，， ^ vi 墨 ​ x ^ ^) ^ 一 ​ ^ ^ * ( ^ ^ ？ x！ ^ . ^ . . . ひ​ ^ 丁 ​ x ^ x ^ ( . ^ . ^ ひ​ ぃ​ . . ' . |冊​醫​髮​墨​墨​醫​醫​醫​響​墨​醫​醫​一​拳​醫​墨​墨​醫​醫​醫 ​i冊 ​一​i 醫​舊​暴​i i墨​ 墨​- ぱ​ な​" 结​"" ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ i . ^ & ^ ^ ^^- ^ -^ ^ - お​ ！ ^ ^ ^ * * ， & -^- ^^ ^ \ i i i i i i i i る​ 一 ​墨​& ， ^ ^ 一​る​ ^* ひひ​ .^ ^ ^- ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ひ​ ^ ^ x ^ - . ^ v ~ 力 ​ i i i ば ​ タ​ ^ る ​ ^ ひ​ き​ . i i i * ^ ' タ​ ^ . マ​ マ​ ^ i ！ 欲​^^ お​^^^ ^^ ~ ^^^！ ^ 川​^^^^^^^^"はお​リ​珀​"^押​お​リ​ ^^^^^ ^ (：删​ 丁​!^ 續​ 肽​ 槲​ ^训​ ゑ​ ー​ ) リ​. * ^ ) ^ x ^ ： - . 【お​ * * ^ ！^ "^, ^ ！(！^(^^. ^ ( * ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^^ v^v^- け​ * ^ ― ( v*v^墨​-一 ​ 一​-響 ​ v^( —響​- v^^^ ― ― v^ … x ^一 ​ ( v^v* ―― v^v* ^ ^墨 ​ ^v* x v^v^ ^ ^ ~ ( ^- ^^v ^ . ^^ 圖​-画​― ^ * / (^^！^^———響​-.響​-一​—響​-醫​.— ^ ^* ^ ^ ―――――…一 ​響​…—響​.... ^ , ) 一​一 ​響​-. iv？！ iv ^ ( v ^ ) 鴨​ * ^ ^ —響​—— ^ * ^ (^x )^ ^ ^ 一​一​"—"——― ^ ) ^ ^ ^ ^ (^ ) ^ 。^ ^ ―――― * ""威​ ^ "^^―崎​- ( x 一​一 ​ ^ ―…―… ^ ^ …―… ^ . . ^ . ひ ​ . ^ \ ^ x ^x ^x！ ^ 丁​？ ^( . ^ . ^ . シ​ . . . . i v^v* ―― ^ る​ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ^ i i一 ​：」 ， 一​， ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ' ^ i i ？ i ？ ？？^？^^？？お​ ？ひ​乂 ​^^^^^^ ^ ^^ゆ​は​ひ​^^^は​：；ゆ​お​ ^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^ぬ​ ： ^ ^ x v ク​ る​. や​ - る​ る​ i や​ 一 ​^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^め​^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ぬ​ リ​^ れ​ ぬ​^ ^ : . * ^ る​ |る​ る​i & ^お​^^お​^& ^ ？:: ^ : ^ ^^^^"^^^^^^^^ ^ ぬ​^ぬ​さ​！ ^ ぬ​ぬ​^^一 ​一 ​ ： ^ リー​： & ^ ^ お ​^ ^* *^*^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ v i ^ ^ る​ ^ ^- 墨​， ^ ^ ^ ^ & ― お ​vi & v ^- る​ ' る​i 一 ​ | 、& ひ​， & 'シ​"""お​ 一 ​丄 ​^ - ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^- ^ ^ | | i i i ~ i . . i i * ^ i i墨​i i i 一 ​i墨 ​^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ？ ^^^^^^ ^ ひ​^ & ァ​ ^^^ ^ ^^^^^^ i 一 ​墨 ​一​ 一 ​一 ​| 響​i i i i墨 ​墨​ 墨​響​~ 顯​翻​i |顯​ 一​一 ​個​ && i ^ …ョ​一​瞓​ 醫​ i 一​！」！！！！！ ^ x ， ？ ^ * v ^ 旨 ​ ^ ^ る​ほ ​^ ォ​ ひ​ タ​，# — iii お​はお​ 節​ ^ ^ ^ 湖​ リ​ 丁 ^( 丁 ) ？-]. x * け​ ^* ひ​ * * 门​ぉ​ - 似 ​ /^^！. ^ v ^ ， ^ vx i ， ( v^( i . * v^v^一 ​ ゆ​ ) v* ^^拳​墨​" が​" ^墨 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^一 ​ ^ ( ( ^墨 ​ ^ \ ^一 ​ v^ ^ ( ^一 ​^ ^ ―—――墨​..— ( ^ -— v^ ^ ― ， v^^i^ ， ， ゆ​ ' i ^ v^^^^… ； ^ … i ^ v^ ^^… v^( ^ ^ ^ ~ 警 ​的​「 か ​ ^^ ^響 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^個 ​ ^^ ^ ぉ​ ^墨 ​ ( ^墨 ​ ( ( iv？! "！) ^ ？ * ^ 一 ​ ^ ( ^ ―一 ​？ *^ ) ^ —響 ​ ^ ^ ――"― ) ^ ^ ！( !* )( ^ —響​- ひ​ト​ 「卿​ ^ 墨 ​柳​iひ​簡​i丫 ​ * ( ^ ； 洲​ が​ * ) ^ ) / ^ ^ ぎ​！^ * ホ​ リ​「 。 ) ^ 動​加​""。\ ^ v^ ^i一​——一​―――一 ​ ^ ^ * ホ​ づ​「 リ​ ^^^――"― ^！!^^ |) ^ |) ^ ^ ^ 一 ​ * (れ​"^" ( ^ ^「，~^―拳​響 ​リリ​ ^ ^ * ^ ^ リ​^^ * ^^響​.響​響​響​—響​— 似​抓​"^ ！^^, ^ ^ ^墨 ​ ^^^！ ^ ^ 一 ​ * * ——.—一​.響​醫​響​響​….圍​通​響​-響​墨​響​..響​— ^ ^ ！)^^.，"印​，^(！"，"―.… ^ ^x ^ ， ー​ ト​， ^ x ^—(^. ^ x ^ ^ ( ( x ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ( . . . . ド​ . ， ^ . . . . ， . ？ ， ^ . . ―" ~ . xiv！ & ？ '" ^ ひ​ ^ ； ^ ^. -^ ？タユ​^&さ​は​.. ： ^' ^ 'タ​ ぶ​ '！- る​ ^ &'ォ​ な​' ひ​ せ​ ？ ， - ^ ii ^ ^ ；^ ？ ^ & お ​ ^- ^ ^' ^ iv ^ ^ ^ ' ^ & i . ' ^ ^ ^ ひ​^ x - & ii . | | i | ^ ， シ​ ひ ​ つ​： ^ ？ ぁ​， # ？ | る​ タ​る​ ^ る​ i i 一 ​ . ひ​ . ^ る​ ii ^^ ^ ^ | ^ る​ ぉ​ |！ & 一 ​ ^- タ ​iル​^' ^ ^ ュ​ . る​一​一​る​ i i * る ​ ひ​ ふ​& .タ​ /^ ^- ^ i 暴​ ひ​ xか​ * & シ​ ^ ^ ^ ？; ，： ^ ^ * な​， ひ​， ^ ^ i i ^- i ^ ^ ^ i i 一​一​i一 ​-墨​i ^ ^ 醫​. ^ ^ ^ ^ i ？ '& x x ~ ？ ~ i | ~ ~ 一 ​| ， ォ​！ - i i； / 一 ​一 ​ i i | ^ ？ ？. ひ​& ^ ^ ？ ^ ？ ？ ^ ^ * - & ^ ア​ ， x ア​ お​ & ^ & ^ & ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^' ^* - ^- ^^' ー​|幼​^|访​旭​|鹏​^"ぷ​ ^ - "：? - ^ ^' 一 ​一 ​ . | i ？ か​ な​ i ^ ^ * ^ぬ​！ お​ リ​^^^ ^^ ^ ^ & ，ー​ 州​リ​八​ に​^に​(！， ^ (！リ​ リ​ 丁 ^ ) ？- . ^ ^i|^ixi^i ^)^!i ^ ^ ！^" ： - . * * ， ー​墨 ​ ——墨​響​.删​—. v^v^ ————個 ​ ^ 墨​一​——墨​一​— ^ が​" v^ 扣​ v^v^—ー​ー ​ ^ ^ が​" * が​ 一​—響​響​- ―"… i ( ^ ――墨​—墨 ​ ^ ^ ^( が​ 一​一 ​ v^(^ ^ ^一 ​ x ( ^一 ​ が​「 ^ ^ ― が​ ^ ^ ~ v^^^ v^vx ， ( ^v^ ― ^ ( ^一 ​ ^ ^ ( ^ ― ^「 ( . ^ ^ x ^一 ​ ^ ^- 而​"！）咖​腳​鯽 ​ * ^ ^"""^—墨​-————拳​―—―拳​——響 ​i门​^ *^ ( ―———―響​-響​—―墨​響​墨​墨​―—…響 ​^ ^ ――――――――――――――墨​墨​—―響​—――拳​響 ​^ ^ *^ ( ^一 ​墨​——..響​—..墨​― i ^ * ^ "， ^ ) け​机​墨​ ^ ―一​— ^ ———墨​—墨​—————―—墨​—.—―拳​—―――響​- iv？！ iv ^ [抑​ 『 ^ * x (：ト​||か​ リ​。； ) ^ * ( ^ ^ ^ ^墨​-墨​墨​墨​-墨​―響​-―響​- ( ^ ^ ^ * 【ん​：^^ 一 ​ 墨墨墨​響​響​響​—一 ​^！^^.^ |國​*國​墨​|國​ ― ^ #~ ^|| * ――墨​-——— が​加​ ^め​"," ^ x ^ ^ ^ ――――――――"—一​一 ​^ ( | ^ ^ ^| ^リ​ 时​ ゲ​^^—――― が​曲​ * ホ​"「的​ 〜「 ―一​一 ​ ^ * め​ (^ ^ ゲ​ ^—墨​―― ii^肌​" x 墨​墨​————.—墨​———墨​——―墨​—―――響​— ^ ！((^^,"湘​， * ^ ^ ―― ^ ^* 墨​… ^ ^ "神​， ) ^ * …—墨​. , x ^ ( ^x ^ 丁 ​ ^ ^ ( . ^ . . . . ま​ ？ 川​iおお​ ^ お​〖 |ぉ​お​^ |？ おぉ​ ： ^ |お​；"；^お​ ぷ​ x iii ^ ^- ^ * :^^^ : ^は​ リ​^^^^お​丄​^は​ぬわ​？ 父​ お​^り​^ ぉ​^？^リ​ ^ ^口​おお​は​ん​ x ii i iii 'る​ タ​i i : ^ | な ​ ^^ ^ぬ​^ ^ ぉ​^^^ ；ぬ​^ リ​ ？？： け​^ ^お​^ リ​さ​^^は​ ^ ？ま​ ^ お​ = ^, るる​，る​ x ^ ^ ^^ ^v 言​&' ^& ュ​ひ​ . ^ に​ ^* i な​ ァ​^ ^ ^* ^ x^ お​ii ^ せ​ ' * ^ ^ ^ # ^^ ^ ？ ^ x iii ^ ^ ^ .^ ^ - ^ ^^ ^ ひ​ &ん​^ ^| ^ ^ ^ タ​ iii ^ ^ ^#^ ^. ^iv る​ - ： ^* .^ -^ ^ ケ​& . ^& ^ ^' ^*^ ^ ^ '^ ' i ^ ^ ^ ， ^ ^' る​ る​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ？.. ^ ^' ' * i ^ *^^ ^ ^ ^^* ^ 'タ​ ^- ， ^ ^ ^ - ' ii . 力​. * i お​ 铤​- 一​ さま​ ， ^ ^- ^^^^~^ ^ i i ^ i & ^ i ？ i i ^ ォ ​ ^ ^ 〔は​ リ​ 酣​ 丁 ) ？- . ^ * * ^: ！' ^ ： - . ( ^ ^ ^ \^ ^ ま ​ . ま ​ . 丁​加 ​ . ( ^ ( ^ ( ^ ( ( . . . . . . . ひ​ xi . ^リ​ ^ x ^ v \)|^ ^ ^ 一​- ^^ ^ ―― v^ * ― * 一 ​ v^^^ ― ^ ー ​ ^ 一​墨 ​ ^v* ― ^v^一 ​ v^ ^ ― ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ー​墨 ​ ( ^ vv ( ^ v^vx ( ^ ^v ( ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ v^v^― ^ ^- v^v^一 ​ v^ #i一 ​ ^ ^^v ― v^ ^ ― v^v -' v^v ― v^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ v^ ^ ^ v^^i ^ ^v^ ^ で​ vi ^ *？ク​ . . i ^ えめ​x ^ v ぷ​^お​ - タ​ で​ - . る​ . ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ひ ​^ i i 靠​ ひ​ ^ ^ ^^ ^ i ？: ^ ク​ ii る​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 'ひ​ ^カ​ お​^ ；^ ；^^^ & & ^ & ^ * ^-^ ^ に ​ お​ - ^ v ^ ^ i ^ タ​る​ i タ​ ひ​ i： ^^^^^^力 ​ ひ​ふ​ x "^： & ^^^^^^だ ​ ^ ； タ​ ひ​ ，' ^ i 一 ​ タ​ ^ ひ​ & ぶ ​ ' - - ^ ^ ん​门​^ ^^ひ​ ^ ^ ^^ は​ ^ ^ ^ ^"^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ 一 ​一 ​ ^ ^？？ぉ​ ^^一​一 ​ ；^お ​^^^ ^^ ^^ ― ； 曙​るる​. . ^ 一​一​ 一​一 ​ . 曝​ ぶ​や​ - . る​ る​ 墨​醫​ . ^ i i i ^ ^ ^ ^ ァ​ ，^ x ぬ​ , . 醫​一​ i & ^^ i 據​& 她​^'タ​ ^ ァ​ &' |一 ​る​ ^ i ョ ​お​i ぉ ​ お ​さ​は ​^^^^^^^^^ ^ ！ ； ；？^お ​^ぬ​： は​ ； ii 嘛​ 一 ​i ^ か​ iし ​ 一 ​ 霧​ 一 ​ が​ ^ ^ "ぎ​ ^ ^ぬ​は​^^お ​ ^ ^ ^ ~ ~ 一 ​一 ​ ク​ ^ ひひ​ひひ ​び​^リ​ 丁 ^ /^！ ^に​リ​.，；"" 。 ) ？ x ) 幽​ ^柳​お​？ ^ ： 導 !^! 【 ！#"脚​确​ぉ​？ ^ ^ ^ ( れ ​丫 ​ ^ お ​ ^ ^ 勿​*^ ^ ^ ) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^x ^ ^ . ひ​ . ？ . ひ​ . ^ . ひ ​ 泰​ ^ ^- ^ - . ^ ひ​ ひ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^で ​ - & ？ ュ​i& ^ x iv i ) ^^/ ^ ^ *^ ^ 曹​ * |ひ​？；^??; x リ​ ： ^^^"^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^約​リ​ぬ​ ^； ^^ ； お​^^^め​ ^^^^^^^ ^ i ^^ ^ ！？； ？^^ ^^ =^ ^ ？ ^ ^- ？！リ ​も​ ひ​ ！& ，丄​x ？ ^ ^ & で​. - ^^* ^ ^ * つ​ リ​ほけ​ . : i i x！ ほ​ ； ^ ！ ； ^^ ^ ^^ ii ^ ^ 「 も​ 一​' げ​ぁ​ 一​墨 ​ & xぷ​ は​ ： び​ パ​ ^ ！？" け​は ​ *^ i i i ^ ； ^ ^ 一​.^ ケ ​ るる​ - ^ メ​ ^ ^' - 霧 ​ ， *^ iiiる​ ひ​ ^ ひ​ ひ​^ ^ & ^ ^ ) i ダ​！ & ^ . ^ ^' ^* ^* ； ^ x^ ^ おる​タ​ ひ​ ひひ​ や​.^タ​ . ^ お​ . ^ ^ *^ ^ ' & ひ​ ひ​ & ^^ ^ す​ ひ​ ^ 'ひ​ - き​&ん​ ^ / ，， . ^ ^^ ^ ^ ' ' . ^ ' ひ​ & ' ^ & ^& ^ タ​ ひ​ ，： & / ^ i る​ ' (：田​ リ​ 丁 ^ ^ 錄​ ， ^に​) .， 粘​"？- 丁 ) ？ x ) x^ , ^ \ ^||| ？ ^ * - . 【 ！ "抑​挑​ぉ​^ ^ ^ "脚​ |^ ^iii^ ^ ^ 為​お ​)^ &i ^ ， ^^^ ― v^( ^^ ^ ^ ^' ^ ^ ( ^個 ​ v^v^ x ^墨 ​^ ( —————響​陽​—. ) ^ ^ ^ -― ^^ ^ ―一 ​ i ^ "- ^^ 一 ​ v^^#i ^ v^^^ ， ， * v^v^- ^ v^( 一 ​ v^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ― v^ ^ ^ ^ ^v ( ^ '"「 ( ^ ― ， ^ "！) ^ ) ？ ^ * *^ ^ 響 ​！ ) ^ ^ ^——一​—一 ​—響​—.....拳 ​^ ^ ^響​響​-——響​...—....… ^ ^ ^ ^ ^/ ^ ^ ————響 ​ ^ 響​響​響​，響​響​響​——響​拳​響​響​響​響 ​ * ^ —―― ^ ^ * 一 ​ ) ) ) ^ —一​——響​——墨​———―――響​拳​—拳​— リ​帅​ぉ​ ， * ^ ^ ， ^ *^ ^^ ( * ――-― ぎ​洲​ x ^ ^ (^x が​"-一​一​- ^ ―響​一​墨​， ^ ^ i ^—………一​…"—… ^'* ^ * )^ ^ ―， 化​^ ^ ^ . ^ . ？ . ひ ​ . ^ ^ ^x ^み​ ( 】 ^ ^ ^ ^ ( . . . . . . や​ ひ​ ひ​？？ 《 ^ ^( i i 一 ​| ^ ^~ ^ ^' ^. * /^^ ^^ * せ​ る​ ふ​ ひ​ に ​^ ^ ^ ふ​ 」 ^ ^ ，& ' - ； ^ & ^ ^ る​ な​ る​ - ^* ^ & ' ひ​ ^ .. ス ​ ^^ ？で ​ i ^ / ^ ^ & ， ふ​.i ^ & ^ ^ に ​^^ ^- ^ ^ ^ お​ァ​ 巧 ​ ^^ *^ i墨​ & ^& ' ^ お​ おお​-，^忠​？" ？ x i i iiゥ ​ 敏​^^ - ^ ド​ る​ ^ ^ ， ix& ' ぱ​ お​ ^ お​ほ​" ？ お ​ るる​ せ​ . ' ~ - ^ マ​め​ ，&& ^ '&ふ​ * ^/ ^^ シ​ ^' ^ ^ ^ タ ​ず​ や ​ & ^ 醫​墨​ ~ i ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ふ​-.^ &ふ​ & .き​'. ひひ​ ^ や​ ァ​v . ^ 翻​ ^ ？ ，ダタ ​ i ？ ^ る​ るる​ る​ ^ - i i タ​ ' ^ ^^ ^^ に​^ ^ ひ​ ひ​ ん​ る​ ， ^ ？ ^ ^お​^ ？ ^^^ ^ v"お​ : ^ ^ & ^ ~ ^ ^ ^ ^^ i i 一 ​一 ​| xi ^ パ​ リ​ で ​^ ん​ ぬ​&! ^ ^ ^ ^ ？ .^; ん​ ii ^ ^ i ^ . る ​春​ひ​-^ & . & ^ iv ひ​ ^ る ​？ . る​ 'ふ​ & ，？ & ^ & ァ​ お ​^ ^ ^ i き​ 義​ ^ ^ & ii x^ ^ ^ ^ ぼ ​ つ​ ^ v x ^ *^ ^ 響​響​^ ^ 巧​ ^ ^ ^ ^ る​ る​ る​ i | 一 ​一 ​ ^ '一​ ^ ^ ^ (：〜 リ​ 丁​!^ひ​ 丁 ) ふ​ ^ ^ ) | ？ ^ ： 【 !^ v "脚​ ^ ？ * ！] 細 ​ ^ 昏 ​ ^^ 一 ​ v^ ^ ， ^ ^ 響 ​ xx i昏 ​ * ^ — ^v^ x ^ * v^v^―一 ​ v^ ^ ^ ^ v^v ^ ( ^ * ^ v^(^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ …—…響 ​ v^ ^ ， ^ v^v^ ― ^ v^v^ ^v^ ^ ――― v^v^―――― ^^v ――― v^ …―一​. "―― ^^ ――—一 ​ ^v^ ^ ^ ――― i ^^^ 響​.響​響 ​ ^ ^ ^ ~ v^v^ ( ^- ( ^一 ​ ^vx ( ^- v^v^ x ^一 ​^ ^ ~ ^ ^) ^響​———...—一​拳​―響​響​.一​一​一 ​^^ ^ ^ ， ^ ！) ( !^( ( (^ ――――一 ​^ * —………響​… |) i^響​響​-響​―響​響​.響​-響​拳​響​響​響​-一​響​響​響​.響 ​ *^^* ( ^ ――一​. ^ ， ( ^ 一 ​ ) ^ ^ ^ 拳​.—…響​-.一​.—…響​.響​...響​響​響 ​『瞎​ii……―― ぎ ​ ^ ^ (^(^ )( ^ 嶽​ * ^ ^ ^ 一 ​か * ^ ( ^ vv^ ―.― * * ！ ^ * —〜一 ​ ^x^^(|| * ^ ( ( ― ^赠​- * ， ぱ ​ . ， . い ​ ^ ^- ^* る​ ま​ ^ ^ ^- ^ ^ ，で​ ' ，， ^ け​ ^ ii ^ ^ ， ^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^ - 於​^; ^iiひ​ ？？？？お​ ？ ：： - け​ぬ​ ^ ぬお​^- 一 ​. "ぶ​ 化​ ^リ​& -リ​^^ぬけ​ め ​ ^^^ : ：门​お​^^- 一 ​^お​^ ぉ​ 一 ​一 ​i お​おぶ​--リ ​ :^ お​^め​^^^ . ^ ^ ？ 一 ​一 ​ ぬ​ ^: - - ^ぶ​お​ - ^ i i るる​ 一 ​| る​ お​ ^ ^ & & ^ つ​「，- ^| ？ & & . ， ^^^ つ​ & & ？シ​ ュ​ひ​ ― ― ^ i i | 一 ​i ~ ~ x &' i： ダ ​ ^ v ^ ん​ゲ​： - : ^- ^ め​ る​ や​ & ？ひ​ i ^ ^ i シ​. ァ​ひな​ - ひ​ ^ /^ ^- ^/^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 》- ^ ^ 丄​ ， め​ ^ ^ ^ ひ​ ひ​ ^ ' ひ​ * ^ ^ v . ^- る​ ^ ^ ^ & ^ ^' . ひ​ / ！ みる​る​ ^ . xv & ^^ . る​ せ​ ^- ^ ^ ^ ^*^ ！* ひ​ シ​ ！ ^^ ^ - * ^ ^ ァ​ ^ * ^ & ^ ひ​ ひ​ ^丄​ - ひ​~ & ^ ^ ^ る​ - ^ . ^ ^* ^ ^ . ^ - ^ . i . ォ​ ^ ^ & ^ ^ ま​ ^ひ​ ア​^ . ^ ^ ^ / ん​ & ^ ^？ & つ​： す​ひ​ ^ ， 霧​ - ^ 艄​リ​^ ^期​に​!!.. 咖​ リ​ 丁​随​ ) は​ ) * ^ ?v% ^%： - . 【 ^ & ^「 】 ^xi ^ ^ ^ | ^ x . . . . . . ) ^ ^…圍 ​ v^^^ ， v^ ^ ， v^v^ ， ^ ^ . ( v^( ^ ， v^ ^ ， ^ ， x ^^ ^ ^^ ^ & 一​——. * ^ v^ | ^ ― vx ― v^ ， ^ ^墨 ​ ( ^ ^ v^vx ( ^ ― ^^ ^ ^ ^ - & ~ ~ ^ 一​~ ~ i iii iな​i 一​一​ ^^^ リ​^^^^^^^^ 一 ​i おお​ひ ​一​一​^ ^^^^^^^^^ 一 ​一 ​^ ？ ！ 的​^ひ​ ^^^ 卬​ - け ​|州 ​^^ 乃​^ぬ​ ？ x^ ；？れ​| リ​^^^功​お​萄​^^" め​^ ？：^^ ^^: : ！ 一​一 ​刀​^ ？ ？ ~ i 一 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ぬお​？ - ^？："は​ ~ x^ ^は​^?;は​ お​？" : ， お​ ！ ^ は ​一​一 ​ ， ^ ^ ； ^ i i i ^ ； ！？ ：^^^ ぶ​ : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^* ^ ^v ^ i 墨​ | 一 ​| る ​ ~ - ^^ ~ i i ~ i ^ ，ケ​ 'ひひ​.ん​ v i ^ ， ii & 象​ '^！ii ii シ​ が ​加​^ ^ ^ i ^ ^ i ^ i お​ 暴​ ' ^ * 匪​ ^翁​ . ^ ^ *^ * ？タ​ ク​. *^ 一 ​i i i i タ​ * タ​っ​ ^ ^ ひ​ ' . ^^^ ^ & ^ ^ ^^ ^'& ^ ^ ^ ^ゆ​"め​^ ^ ュ​ ひ​ ^ ， ふ​ 斜 ​ ？ - ― ―― ――― ！ー​ョ​ii |ぉ​|お​i - *朋​八 に​弒​ ^ 丁 ) ？^ x | | ^ ？ x： リー​〔 . ^) ， ^が​,^ ー​ ^ ^ ^ ) ^ ^ . ^ . . . . . . . . . ^ ^ ^ ^個​——…― ぎ​/^ ^ (^& x^ v^ ^ ！ ^ ^ * (^* ( ^ " ^ * ^「 ^|| ^が​ ^ & v^ ^ * ( ？' v^^ (^ ^ 。， ^ &/^ ( ^ v^ ^ * * 藝​， | * ^^x！ ^ "( ( ， & ^x ~ * ^ ザ​ ^ ^ &,讲​ ^ ( . ^ * ) ， * 。！)^^)^"八​ ( 』 【 了 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ？ x & ^ ^…一​一 ​ ^v ― v^ ^ —―― v^v* ――一 ​ ~――—墨​-墨 ​ * v^v^ ^v ――― * v^ ^ ――― v^v^ ―墨​墨​-— v^ ^ ^墨​一​一 ​ ( ぃ ​ 〜 v^ ^ ^- ^ ？ る​ i i 乂 ​ ぉ​^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^^^ - ^ ^ #^ i - お​^ ^ひ​ ^^^ ^ け ​ ^ i i i | ニニ ​ i i ま ​ ぬ​i？け​；？ i^お ​ ぉ​リ​ ^ - ？^お​^?ほお​"ぽ​認​？^ |"^"ぶ​ぷ​お​ ？ ^ お​-？？お​一​一​ぱ​ ぱ​"お​"-一​ 帘​ ぶ​ ？ おき​"ぱ​^ぉ ​ i ^ ^ xx i る​ ，：， ^ ^ # i i ， ^* x ^ ^ ま ​ & ^ ^ タ​ * . 一 ​ - -v- . ^^ ~ ^ ^ i i ^ ^ ； ^: ^ ^^^ ~^ ^ぬ​ぬけ​ ぬ ​ i i 一 ​i i i i | 一 ​ & ， マ ​ ^ ， * ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^ 〔は​ リ​ 丁​(^ひ​ ^ ^ ^洲​ひ​.， ^ * ？-^ 丁 ) ？^ ) x ^i|^v ^! | ((i^( ^^ || || # ^ ^ ： 〔^！!^ 了 ​ 【 ^ ^ ^ ^ ||||| ， ^ ^ ^ ？ 「 】 細 ​刚 ​v v*v^墨 ​ v^ ^ ― v^vx響​響​- ^ v^v^ ―- ^ v お​ ^- ( v^v* v^v v^v* ^ v^v^ ( v^^^ ^ ( 墨 ​v^v^ i ) i ( i ^- ^墨 ​ ^ ^ v^vx ― v^v* ， ^ ^ ， ^ ^ 一 ​ v^vx- ？ v^ ^ ^ ( v^ ^ ――一 ​ ^ ^ ^ —一 ​ v^v^ ( ^ ―-. v^ ^ ^一 ​—. ^ ^ ―墨 ​ v ^ ~響​響​響​-..拳 ​^ ^ ^ x ) ( ——響​―― ？^ ^ ^ ""―一​―― * / i * ： ^ ^x ^ ^ ――――――――—拳​——響​.拳 ​^ 丫 ​iv？！瞧​丫 ​^ ^び​ ^ ^ * ^ ^ ^ v^v^ ― ^ * ^ (^ ) ^ * 矿")^ ^ ^ x ― リ​ お​。， * あゆ​" ) リ​^ ^ ， ^ ^ ？""* ^ ^崎​- , x ^ ^ * * ^ 一​一 ​き​"ー​-ぉ​は​& : ―！/)"抓​。は​一​ (^( (ト​|| さ​〇​に​さ​；!？; きま​が​お ​ ^ . . . & ヒ​"： ミ​： ， x お​ さ​ 一​一​、 ―め​れ​ニ​&― . . . ぉ​ざ​&さ​！ お​ ^ 一​み​^]"！/!"， ま​ ；お​ さ ​ ii "レ​" . . . . . . . . . . xi ， ii . 襲 ​ ii ii ii '一​ 細​战​ ^\； 師​リ​ 随​ 丁 ) ？- . x^ x ) ( ^) ： * ^ ， 墨 ​ ||||| | ！ (! x), ^ 墨* ^ / ^ 一​醫——醫響​醫顯墨​拳…—* 删​墨-—醫墨響​—響​， 醫醫醫​響響醫​― ^ ^ ^ )^ ^ ――――― ^墨 ​…響​響.......―"..響 ​"な ​^ ^ ^ ( 门，ゅ加， ( ^ . ^ * ^ ——響—.———響——響.響 ​ ( ^) —————響.一​——卷 ​， 響..拳..―".—.…墨​墨​一 ​( ^ ^""一"".—醫―響​一一 ​ ^* ^ &に' * ， 新 ​？ ^ ？ ^ i'！* ？ ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ (^ す^xi ^ . ひ ​ . . ！' . ^ ^ ^ . ？ . ' は​ ^ ^ ぬ ii ！ * ^ 一お ​ ^ 门​ 屬​ . . ？ 一！ ^^ ^ ^ ^^^ ii ^；；^お^- 一​お ​ ；ひは^ ニ墨 ​墨​ 墨​ぷ ​^ ^ ^ : i ^ まぷ​ お^^ ^は^^ ^おお^敏^お^ ひ​タ& ^ 一​ 一​ . ァ ​i ^醫 ​i 墨墨" 一​射​おぬ​ めぬ​ii 一 ​i i 墨​ 墨醫墨​ i 删 ​i i i i i 墨 ​i 醫​i i v ^ 一 ​ひひ： 一 ​i 一 ​ 匿 ​一 ​| i ^ ^ ^ 醫​墨... 霸​醫​i i - - xひ-;； ' . . ^ ^ ， ^ ) (^ひ * ^ 械​ ひリ​讽"，一​ 丁 ) - . ( ( ( 。拳： -〔加. 【お​^ ^ ^ ， iv( i , * ^v )^) ？v ^ ^) ^ ！^) * * ^^^ (&x^x ( 】 了 ​ ^ 鹏 ​ ^ ) ) 響 ​ ^。 "な ​i卿 ​^^ —…—…一… ^…——"—響— ^ ^ ( x & ) ), ^((！^ ^^！^ ( —― &| ^ 響​―墨墨​――拳—響墨墨 ​^ - ( ( ( ― ^墨 ​^ x ^ 墨..—――一-一一​—一​删墨—墨墨 ​ 墨-響――墨醫​墨​——響-一​―――醫​響 ​ ^ ( ^個 ​ ^『 ( 丁^xi ^ め，\^ ( ^ ^- 國 ​ま ​ は. ひ ​ ^ れ ​x"力，# . ？ . ^ . ^ . ^ ^ . ， . . ^ . ^ 韓" i * ミぉ"一一 ​ ^ ^ ^ & . "か" | の​ ^ ^ ^》 ^^ ― ^ 〜 抓、 ^ "―. ぬ ​ 歸 ​ v & ii ii お" v ， ^ (^,"ま​ ^ x^— ^ ^ 加 ​ ^ む​ ^ . ^ . ひ ​ ， . ニぉ" 觀 ​.ゆ ​―― 鶴 ​ ， ぬ ​ ，；-- ， 一 ​ ― か" ii ， ii ii ， ^ * ^ ^ '一​ 柳​^ お​比".， ^ ^ ！^ 丁 ) ？- . ^ ( ，卜​ ： - . 丫 ​ ) ^ ？！ (^, ~ ^ ， ^ ) ^—お. 「 x | ^ ( x ^ ^ ^ . ， . . . . ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^x ( . ひ ​ . ^ ^ . . . ^ . ^ * | ^ ^ ， ( ^ ^ . ？ ^ ^( ^ ^ * * 一 ​一 ​& * 一 ​^( 。一​― ？ ^ ^ ^ ，，，一​| | || |^ ^ ^ ^ ————— 一​響​—墨響​墨————―響響* v i|i*^ ―一 ​陽​…———…—…響-… ^ * 響​醫響醫​—墨響​響響—墨墨​――響​顯墨* ^ ^ ^ /^ 「 ^ \^ ^ ^x ^ ^ x ^ . ^ ゆ ​ . ' は​ ^ . ^ . . ひ ​ . ^ . . ひ ​ ^ タ ​ . ， 一 ​i ゥ ​は​ ~ ^ ^ れ？ ^ は​ix 树​ ニニ ​^ ^ i i i i 一 ​i i | | 装 ​ ，ぉ​"一 ​一 ​一 ​ .- シ ​ ^ iii ーョ​ 一 ​|ョ. = 』一 ​^ メ​ 醫 ​墨​i 墨墨墨 ​舊冊​i i 一 ​一 ​ ii 一 ​ i ii 醫 ​i醫​醫​醫​墨 ​一​醫 ​i i 醫 ​醫墨醫​醫​墨 ​墨-醫 ​i i 冊​i i i i 醫 ​i i i i 一 ​ . 響 ​一 ​ ~ ^ 『 一 ​一 ​ "お ​ お" 巧​ー ​"&墨 ​！ 一 ​一 ​ー ​一 ​ー ​一 ​ ぽ​ 一 ​i ' - ^ タ ​ひ​ | & ^ i 丁 ) ？' . * *^^x ―――― ^ ^ ^ ^ )^ ^] 一 ​ ^一 ​ * 瞧​……―…—響 ​^ * ( ― (& —― ^^ ， ^ ^* ^ (^^-^. ( . . ？ * ， . ？ . . ？ . ^ . ^ . . . . 胃 ​ * i 晷​ ) ~ ― ぬ ^ 墨 ​ 胃 ​ ！ 響 ​ - 響 ​ 冊 ​墨 ​― 醫 ​一 ​， 一 ​ ― 删 ​醫 ​ 響 ​ 醫 ​一 ​墨 ​墨 ​ 一 ​- ， ， ― ― - ~ ~ 一 ​― 醫​ ~ 一 ​― ~ 一 ​― \ ^ "。访​ (^ ^ ^ ひ​一​^^)(). ま ​ . ―丁​加 ​ 加 ​ . ， . 加 ​ . . . . ， . . . . ひ ​ . ？ . ひ ​ * 讓 ​ ぬ i & i 一 ​ 一 ​ ： ： ： ？ \ ！ 一 ​ ~ ― ~ ― ― 響 ​ ？ 】 ^ ~ 醫 ​ 醫 ​ 一 ​ 一 ​一 ​~ 一 ​ ~ ~ - ― ii ii 纖 ​ii ― ， 醫 ​― ― ― ， ~ 墨 ​― - 胃 ​ ii ii ― ii ii ii ― - ― ！ ~ ~ 一 ​ ^ ^ ) (^ ii '一​ 續​泉 ，"眠​ * ！" (：は​ リ​ !^ 丁 ？- .， ^ x ( * ^ "： - . ^ ^ 加 ​ ^x 加 ​ ^ | ^ ^* ^ ^ . . . . . . . . . . . * iv ^ ^ め​"ま​ ^ - ^— ) 一 ​ . ^ x ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ( x ^ ^ ^x . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ ^ ^ x * ^ (！^, * ―醫​. ^^ ( ^ ^ ！!* )^ 一 ​ ^( 墨​—墨​———. ^墨 ​ ^ ^ ^ ， ー​一 ​ ――一​————拳​――. ^………"響​" ^* i i巧​ 一 ​~ 一​^ ^ ^ 一​一​ぬ ​一​ . 一​i iパ ​i ^ ^ i墨​醫​醫​お ​i 墨​. 墨​冊​i 一 ​ 一 ​一 ​i一​ 醫​ ^ ^. 醫​i墨​i ^ i |ぉ ​一​マ​ . 幼​-冊​| - ^' 墨​ お​？？ 萄​ぬ​！ ~ ~^ 一​^. i i | 一 ​一 ​ ~ i i i メ ​ 一​ 一 ​墨 ​ ^^ ぉ​ ^ お​ ^ 墨​ ' i i i ？ | | | ^ 二 ​： 诉​ ぬ​ ~ ~ v ^ i : ^ ~ ~冊​冊​暢​ . 二​： ニニ ​ ' i 一 ​ マ​ 蘭​&^ ^ 一​ ^ ^ 一 ​一 ​ i i 一 ​i ^ はお​ - き ​ん​が ​ 糊​ ー​ぺ​マ​ &ぬ​ # ， お​は ​ 》一​ 糊​ * ^ ！^ひ​" ^ ^ !^ 丁 ) ？^. ？ ^ ^： 【 ^ ^ ^ * *( ^^；辦​！^*))^!(^^. ^ * ^ ！)^^,辦​！#！^!^()^. ^械​""， ^ ^？ ，辦​ ^* ^^ ^ ^ ！] 加 ​丁​加 ​ x！ ^ ( ぱ ​ . ， . ？ ゆ​ . ' ^ ^ は ​ . ^ . ^ . ^ ^ 化​^ ^ ^ ~勿​，^ |^ ^ ^ ^ ぶ​ぶ​さぶ​ - = 霜 ​ 醫​冊​i i i i i墨​.i i醫​冊​i醫​i冊​ 墨 ​墨​冊​i墨​i墨 ​ i 踢​ リ​ぬ​はお​-^ ' i ^ 加 ​ ^ - ^^ '^"^^お​？は​認​"" 柳​媒​ ^ : ；お​^^ひ​^ ^将​ね​リ​ぉ​^^加​糊​お​^ ^ ⑧ ^^ひ​ ^^ ^は​^ ^^^^^^ ^ 想​ぉ​ぉ​ぉ​認​^^お​^ iおお​は​iぬ ​釘​" 忠​？ ほお​^^お​ ？ お​^ お​^^お​ ^ ^ ii x：&ぬ​ ^^* な​麵​丁 /^ 柳​^ ^ "！ !リ​ ^ ，一​" 丁 ) . ^ ^ ： - . 了​ ( * * ^ ^ —墨​.墨​—.—...——一​拳​一​. ^ ^^ x^ ^ ^ ) ^ ^ ^x^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^！^^)… ^ x ( ^ ^|)(|)響​一 ​抽​ x ^ ^^！) * * ^ ^ ^^(！) ) ^ ^^ vi ^ ^ ( ^ / ^ ； ^ / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ？ ^ ^ ^ . ， . ^ ^ . ， . ^ . ひ​ ひ​.肪​ . ひ​ ^ カ​ひ​ . ^ ^ 勿​，# ^ ^ ^ ^v— ^i). . . ^ ！^ . ， . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^xi . . ：~ ジ​^ ~一​お​一​響​一 ​二​：" ^ ^ ： 二​： ： ^ ^- る​ i醫​i冊​i醫 ​一​一​一​一​&ぁ​ぴ​ 醫​i冊​醫​醫​醫​響​- 瞧​^ 门​ 一​ i 一 ​~ 一 ​ . . あ​ 環​^ ね​ ^ii ほ​：^ ^^^^^ ^- -" 一​ ぶ​お​ お​ ぶ ​ ^^加​助​^は​^^^"れ​^は​ ひ​ ^ ^^^^ ^"^"^き​-" "-^認​？ ？^ ^ ^^^ ^"！^還​加​ほぼ​さ ​ i 一 ​i | 一​一 ​一 ​|| ^お​ ^ ^は​リ​ ^ i i醫​醫​i墨​i醫 ​一​i ii ？リ​ は​i | "化​ひ​ お ​ レ​ 柳​^ #袖​に​".， * び​^リ​ 丁​!^ ： - ^ * ^ ^ 【 ( ) * ) ^ ^； # ^v x ^ ^ x x ^ ^？ ^^ * ( ^v ，^ ^ ^ '"陽​*xv )( ^ ( 】 ^ ^ 加 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ . . . . ^ ^ ^ ^( ^x ^ ^x . . ^ ^x ^ ^ ^ 丁 ​^x 丁​^！ . . . . . |ね​！： |め​^^おおお​|加​"^リ​^ 敏​ お​ お​^リ​^^^ ^ぶ​扣​的​^州​ ^ ， ^^ひ​？ リ​お​^^ ^^^^^ ^乃​舶​^ ？"ぬ​ ^ ？ 'お ​ タ​i iせ​i i ァ​i i i . *^ ^ ~ る​ ？ る ​ ^ き​ひ ​ & ひ​& ^ ^ & ひ​ ^ 川​ ？ ^^ は ​ ^ タ​ ？ ？ ' ^ 攀​ i ^ ^^^^ ぶ​- お​^ は​^ ^リ​？： リ​射​；？ ^^^ ^ -^ ^^^^お​が ​ ァ​ & ii . ^' な ​ . ' き​ ^ * ？ ，^つつ​& ぬ​ひ​ ，る​ る​~ ^ ^ ^ ~ る​ ，タ​ * チ ​ ^ひ​. i ^ き​ . 墨​ 墨​ 二 ​ - ^ # ^ 一​ ~ ~ i i i ~ ^ 一​"つ​^ん​ ^ * ォ​ ^？ め​？；^ は ​墨​^ニ​ ぬ​-^ ^ (^ ^ ^^^ ^^ 一 ​ : ぷ​ぼ​讲​ おき ​(！麵​ ^ * ^ ^ひ​" ^ ^ ，- 丁 ) ？^ ^ * ？ ： - . [！) * * )(^( ^ ^ ^ ^ ；歸​！^^!/^^. ？v x ^ ^ ^ ^ ！( ^(^^. ^ ^ ^ 辦​ ^ ^ 〜 】 了​'^ ^^^ ――― ^ ^ ？ ^ ^ ^ ( | ^ ？ ^ | ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . ( ^ ^ x ^ x！ ^ ^ ^ ( . . . . . x， . . . . . . . . ^は​ 權​边​ v viあ ​ 響​ ん​： ^巧 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 一 ​は​说​は​リ​^ は​；？^ 曹​ 一 ​ ' ： ヮ​ ，タ​ 觸​網​ ？ 一 ​ ？ 一 ​ 一 ​^ ぶ​お​ ぶ ​一​一​ 一 ​ii が​^ ^^ ^ ^^^抑 ​ ^ - る​ v * . ^ シ​ . & ' ま ​？ 墨​は​ ^^ ？?! ^お​ : 一 ​ぷ​浩​ ^お ​ ^^ ^ ^ ^ タ ​せ​ ' タ​ や​ ' ^ ||柳​は​； 一 ​ お ​一​ は​ め​- ぉ​ は​は​ 湖​^は​ ？？ ； ^お​ ^ ~ ^^ ^乃​^ぶ​^^^^^^ "ば​ か​ . シ ​ ~ ん​ ^ふ​ ム​ゅ​. 一​ 一 ​ ^ ，ふ​ひ​ ^ ，^ i & ； ひ​ 一 ​；？^ 一 ​^ ^^ i ^的​ぬ​的​^ね​ き​ & ^ * ~ .る ​ ^ ^ ^- . 一 ​ - リリ​^ ^ ^^ ^: 謂​ 墨​ 一​一​一​一​一​一​一​一​一​一​一 ​-一​妙​お​&& : ^ 一 ​ i 一 ​ 一 ​^ け​； ？ ^ ぉ ​脚​ は​- ^ 一 ​ ^ ^ ^ x 股​ ^！ ： ； お​-ひ​： 一​一​ぬ​^^^^^^ * . 墨​ . 墨​ 響​ 墨​醫​ . 墨​ ま​『ぶ​" ？墨​ - i？ぼ​ほ ​ ^- バ​ ぶ​^お​ ぶ ​，一​ 挑​^ ^ 誘​リ​ ^ 丁 ) ？"？. ^ ||^ ！ | |||^ ！ ?vv^%： ^ * i ，一​i—醫響​墨—拳墨-響-響—拳​通—響醫——響— ^ ふ​ ^ ^ ^ v ( ( ^ ，纛​^ ^ -墨- ^ ^ (^ ^ \ ii v 一 ​ * ^ v ^ ) ^ ^ 響​鲁—響​響​一—響響,響—… ^ (^ ^ * ^― ^^ 響——...響 ​ 響 ​ ^ ^ * ！ v^v^—墨 ​ )^ ( ^ | | ~ * * * 墨 ​ ^* ^ —響 ​^ , * - - ^ ^墨 ​^ 墨墨———―醫​響——一 ​ ^ ^ ^ ム ​ ) ~ ^ ^ * ^ ^ ― 響-響響​響墨響​響響. ^ ^ x ^ ^ …—…一… ^ ^^ ^ ―〜 ―^ \ ^ ――――――一​墨一​響. '一 ​ *^ ^ iお. 勿​一​一​…―――. ^ "祈- 旨​ * ， ) ^ 卿 ​^――――響―删—響墨​———響— # ^ |編. ^―― 敝​ ^響 ​ ( 響-響"—響​響.響響'""響​響​"響​墨響. ^ v ^ /^ ^^ ； ( * *! )^ ^ ； ^ 赠​||^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^/^, ixき山 ^ ， に​^ ^ * ^ ！!^.赠​ ^^^ ( 】 ) * ^ ^ ^ ！ 丁ぱ ​ v ！ ~ ~ ； お^お ​ お ​ ^^|徵| おおお？ お ​ ^ ^ 装​i ^ ^ ^ ^^ x は ​^ |は ​窗​ お​ は​ x ； 糾^ ^ お​ ^ ^ ^ ^^ぶ ​ "- お ​ 铅ま ， お ​ & ^^^^^ ^^れ​ ^ 寇​ は ​，， x ^ ^ ^ & ^ リ^ ^^；！^ぬ ​ x ^ ^ ^ 知^^^ 功​ ^ レ​ ^** 综忠ぉ浏^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^ ' . - ^ ~ タ​ ？ | i 墨め ii xi i i ^ | ， : 一 ​一 ​ ^^ リぬ^ ^ ^ : ^おぬ​^ぬ- 一 ​：：は：：； 一 ​ ^ 一 ​ は^ ^む ​ぉ： | ^^ ^お^^ ぶ​ お​ ^- ^ ^加​ "^^ ： ~ ： ^ ^ * ' 環！ 想 | 一​幼 ​^ ^ "に".，，一​ ) ？^. ^x * i ？ ？ ： - . "！!^ ^ ^ * ^ , 一 ​ * * ^ * & iv ^ ( ^ * i ，一​i―響​…^――――― 拳​墨​響​—墨​-墨 ​^！!^^ i ii i ^ ^^ * &)^ ^ ^ ！) ( ^ ――――醫​— ^ x ^ ^ ——墨​—響​響​——墨​——墨​響​—響​響​醫​響​— ) ^ ！ )^^(!^ ^( & ！)()()(^—響​―響 ​^ ( ^ )x )^ ^ ^ ii v ) * * (^ 響​————響​————————————―vー​響​—―—― ^ x * v^ — ， 、 * * ，め​ ^"^！墨​. ^ x ， * "一 ​ | |響 ​ ( / —響 ​？ ， * 響 ​ 嗣​ ^ | ― … 麵​ ( ^墨 ​^ ^ ( ^ ま ​ ^ ま ​ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ カ​ひ​ . ^ ひ​ . ， ^ . ^ ^ . ' . ^ . ^ . ^ ^^ ！^^!^: 響​—墨​響​響​響​^^圍 ​^ ^ 醫​響​—響​響​響​稱​一 ​ii v 一​. ^ ( ( ^(！) ^ ^ * ―――――――――- v ^| —"―"一​， ^^ ^ ――一 ​ ― ^ ^^！^", ― ^ ^ ^ ^ ^x ( ^) ^ ， ^ ^ ^ ―――― ゆ​- ， み​：…: ―-一 ​圍​圍 ​亂​^^墨 ​|敝 ​ ^ ^ ^ ！ 辦 ​ ， ！ 一 ​ 爾 ​ ！ 羈 ​ ！ i ，"霧​， x ー​ 赠​^ ||化​一 ​は​" 期​^ 爾​ぷ​ ぉ ​ ^は​ ^おん ​お​^和​^^ぬ ​^^は​ ^ ^？： ^^ ^^ ぉ​リリ​^ 墨 ​一 ​ ， ， ~ i ^^^^ ^け​&;:ジ墨​^; ； 一 ​： 一​一​は​：；；：：： 一 ​^ 辱 ​ し​"？ ^^ ^^は​^ ^ ひ​ぶ​お​： リ​ リ​^ x ^ ^^ = ； ~お ​：：i ：醫 ​^^^^^^^^ -^^^"け​^ お​ひ​^^^^^^ 一 ​墨​^？ -:"一 ​：： ^^^^^墨​^ ^"和​ぬ​一​お​ お​ひ​ : おけ​ ； 一 ​ 一 ​墨​お​：，，一​一​！ ： 一 ​ 【^ ぶ​お​^^ ぬ​ ぶ​ ^ ^： ：？： ？ ； 墨​ ： お ​ ぉ​ 功​ ？ ^^ 一​は​ ^ ^？" 一 ​ ； 一 ​け​ひ​ ； ：リ​"：：： 一 ​： ^ ^お​ 墨​ ：^は​~ ~ ： ~ ~ ~ ： ~ 淠​巧​" 吸​^^^は​^ ば​ 锭​窓​ぷ ​ 醫​冊​ i i墨 ​ ，ザ​& i 醫​墨​i醫​i i 一 ​i醫​醫 ​ お​！？ ^お​^お​ -^ 賴 ​ i i冊​i i i i響 ​ ，き​^ ぷ ​ ま​ ぉ ​ 一 ​一​^お​^^ 炉​搏 ​ ム​も​れ ​レ​ ^ ^ ！" ^ (：删​ ^ ) ？や​ ^ ) x^^ i ， ： -(^！). (^!^ 了 ​「 ^ x ^ * 似​。v x ) & ^ * * "！ * * ^ * * * ―――――……―――― ) ^ ^ ^ || ？ -一​一​一​一​^ ^ ^ v^ x ^ ) ^ ^ ii v ^ 響​一​一​. ^ ii ^ ^ ——……響​醫​響​墨​——墨​，響​—…墨​^ ) ^ ^ /^ ^ x )^ ^ ？ ^ *^ ^ ^ & ^ v 。 一​一​一​. * ^ ^ ^^，―一​ 崎​^^'！^ ， ^ ^喻​響​―響​—―――――墨​- ― ^ v^v^―― v vx ~ * 一​" * ^ , 鹏​ ^ * i ^* ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ x 一​— iv ^れ​ ^ ―一 ​\ ^-――…―一​―一​. & ^お​―" *^ ^x ^ ^ 矿 ^ *^ ( ^ ~ ，勿​— ，勿​， ：新​―， ―― 敝​ ^- . ，敞​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ れ​^ ^れ​，^ x ^ — ^ vi xv * * i 醫​ ^ 一 ​x ひ​ - ^ ひ​ & x^ & 墨​ 冊 ​ ^^ ^^ る​. . . 'るる​ 一 ​ 一 ​ . ii ァ​も​" ^ ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ i - i， |ぁ​一​一​墨​~ ^ -^ i ん​タ​ タ​& ^- ^^* ^ ~ ~ i - . 彬​^ 一 ​ 一 ​一 ​ ^ ： i ^は ​一​ ： は​" ^^^^^^^^ひ​ひ​ぉ​ ^ は​！； 墨​ は​^ "は ​一​墨​ は​二​は​^ ^ダ​ん ​ *^ ，，ひ​ ^ x 秦​^ お​^^ 一​ ぶ​ お​ お​ ^ ^ ^ ^: ~ x ひ ​一​|は​！ひ​ 一 ​一 ​iお​ ？ ^^加​^ひ​ ^ ^ め​ "ひ​， ： 墨​？^^ぬ​ ， ^ 墨​ ：二​ ！ 切​ぬ​ x ：化​^ぬ ​一​^^^^^ ： ： ： "^^ ~ ぶ​ ^ リ​ 謝​^^ゆ​^^^^ ^い​ 一 ​ ：： 一 ​ 一 ​？ リ​~ 一 ​一 ​， ^ ：；は​ ^^^リリ​ リ​站​ ^^ ^^^^^^ ： ： - 權​お​ ？ お​- ，"れ​^?^ ^ - 駄​^^^ん​め ​ ^ 「 糾​？ ： 眾​認​ぷ​ ？"- ぉ​^お​だま​ 说​，""？ぉ​ぬ ​^ ^: ^ ！！ リ​：；^お​^け​リ ​ 照​" お​- ？ ^！"^^ は​ぷ​ ぽ ​一​ ぉ​~ ^ "-^ ^ ^ ^ = で​繁​ で​""ぶ​^ぷ​ は​""おお ​(：删​ ^ ^！リ​战​ に​お​に​リ​.，讲​认​？~ 丁 ) ？习​. ^ ^( ) ？ ： - . ^ ( ―――― ( ( ^ i ( ^ ― ！^,歉​" ^ iii(&^xvii & …― x * x "！ * ^ ^ iv ^ ^ ^ / ^(！!—―———響​—————————響​—删​—墨​―墨​拳​—―墨​—— * ^ ^ x &) ^ ^ ^…一​――一 ​^ ^ ^ &) ^ ii v ^ ――― ^ * ii * ^ ^ ―…一​一​…一​一​一 ​ ^ * & *^ ) * 嘸 ​^ * ふ​^ ^ & ^ ii v ^ 一​一​一​一 ​ * * * ^ v ―i"鷗​ * ^ ^ ^ 一​(！！" ^ ^* ― ^ ^ 一 ​ ^ ( x / ―- ~ , 一 ​ 議​ * ) ^ ||輪​ミ ​ ^ ^墨 ​ (一 ​^ 響​響​-——.醫​響​.墨​響​響 ​ ^ * — ^* x * ^ ^- ^ )^ ^—墨​響​響​—.拳​響​響​響​響 ​[^！^ x ^赚​. ^ ^ ^ * x ^ ――一 ​響​——^^-― ^ ( ^ ^ ^ 響​—響​， 丫​^ x ^勿​，\^ま​ ^ x ^ ^x ( ^ 丁​加 ​丁​！^ ^ x ^ . ^ . ^ . ， . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ， . ^ 〜 ぬ ​ x ― iii i i i ！ ： . ，？な​- お ​ 靈​"|一​一 ​巧​" 眾​ぉ​" ヒ​ぶ​- ^ ：ぶ​- 扇​ ？ リ ​怖​^ぶ​ """お​ な ​ ^一 ​ ？一​おお​； ^は​ ^^ ^ x - - お​^お​ぷ ​畑​ぶ​？^ お ​^ .^* . 'タ​ . つ​ i 一 ​ ^ *^ ~ ^ タ​ る​- & * ii 墨​お​め​^リリ​ぶ​ ぬ ​^お​："的​け​-は​-一​一 ​# ^ i ^ | 一 ​ i ~ お​ぬ​ゆ​" 抑​？"& ^リ​^ ^ ^^* 脚​ ^ ひ​^お​ぬ​：；； -^- け​ひ​は​ ；^ ？^ 一 ​一​は​"一 ​ 一 ​ = ^ ^ 一​"は​-ば​！"^ i 〔 i - 一 ​ ^ 醫​ ， | 二 ​ : ぉ​溫​ぶ ​ 醫​霸​i爆​醫​醫 ​ は​ ^ ^ 一​一 ​ i ぽ​i i i ^-^ & ^ v ひ​が​れ ​ ^ぬ​ ^ ^ ^ お​^^乃​^^ i i i i i i i i墨​墨 ​醫​ 冊​ ま​ 醫​i删 ​ii i i * i ~ 抑 ​^ ^ ぶ​ ？ '- 柳​^ ^榭​ひ​.， (：は​ リ​ ^ i ^ * ： - . 【 ^* ^ ^；辦​^ ^ ， ^ ^ ^ ！^^,辦​ ^ ^ ~ ^ ^* ^ ？ 赠​ ^ ^ 為​ ^ 】 * ^ ^ ^ & i (！^,* )， ( ―， ^ | | 化.， ^ - * ^ x * ^* ^ ^ i * 響響​墨響—響——墨—響墨​考—―一 ​ ^ * ^ * ――――響-― ふ​ ) (！^( (* * * ^ v "一 ​i vi幽​ ^ ― ^ ii麵 ​^ * v * ^ * ^ v^v^―― 晰​ ^ ^ ^^^— ^ ^ i ―――― ^ x( ―――――― ^ , * ―…一​―* ^ ""————一​響墨響​拳響墨​― ^* ) i * …響​― 勿​…———拳-響​拳​響——— * * * ^ * * —"—墨- ) ^—ほ. ( ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^ x 丁^ 丁^！ . ， . . ^ . . ^ . ^ ^ ^^ 加 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ . ^ ^ 力​ひ ​xi . ^ . 韓 ​… ii … 一 ​ … ― * ！ ！ vi .， . . . \^ . '^^^！ ， ( ミ' まお ​ 二 ​ . . 售​ で​ ' . 一一 ​ 墨​ ^ i i 一 ​i i 一 ​墨 ​響醫墨 ​i醫 ​一 ​i 墨​墨醫醫 ​i i i 墨墨 ​墨墨​墨-墨​醫 ​i 冊 ​i ： ： ： ： ： ： ： ： ： ： ： に；； ニニ ​二 ​二…ニニ ​ ^^^ ^ 湖​は-^お- ^ リ​ "力 ​爆-墨： ； | 醫​i i疆​i i醫​i冊 ​墨​i 一 ​i i墨​i醫 ​ii i i墨醫​ i 冊​i醫​墨​i i ひ​^^^^ : ジ​墨^： 一​门"お​ ？お： ； ^ "は​一 ​一 ​一 ​墨 お"け​は ぬ ​i 赐^ ^乃^出： ^おけ​け​ ；^ ^ "^^^^^ ^ 墨 漏"^^お" iぶ盟​ii淠 ​ 掛墨^ : ^は^お ​ ほ^ ， 柳​^ 鼠".， 腺​？~ 确​卜​ ， ^ - ？お" ： - . れ敝​―― 拳——.——拳—.拳—————響​響―響 ​矿 ​ (^！^-^(. ^墨 ​ 一​響​墨.—響.醫響響​響響醫​冊.響. ！) * ( . & iii x ( ^ ―― ^ (^)^, ？ & — ^^ x^ 墨​響響醫​―一​―――墨—響墨響 ​ ，"一 ​ — ――――――――――― ^* ^ ^ ^* ^ & ^ * ！ ^ ix ^ ^ ――― ^ ^ ^ —響​響​———響-——響墨​響幽—一響​一響 ​ ( ^ ^ ) & ^ ^ —墨- ^ ！ ^ & ^ ^お​* ^ v ( 柳​怖" ^ * v ^ ^ivi ) ^ — *^ 幽"， v ^^ 一 ​^ ―― ^^^！-―拳—— ^ |^ ^― —墨- v - ^ |) ^ ^ -一 ​ ^ -^ ^* ―― ？^ , * ― x ^ — ~ ^* ^崎— ^ ^ ( ^ ^― ^ ^ ―墨醫​一​響—響​響​~！ ^ …一​一​一一​― (^， ^ ^ x ! i^ x #！ ( ^ ^ ^ ― ― ― ― ^ ^ ^ (^^\ ||i^i^ 一. ^( ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ (^(^一​お. ^ ^x 丁​加 ​ ^ ^x ^ ( ^ ( 丁​加 ​ ^ ^ ( ( . ？ . ， ひ ​ . ？ . ^ . ^ . ^ . . . . 一 ​ 一 ​ ~ 墨 ​ 一 ​― 一 ​ ぬ i画 ​画 ​ ^ . i . . iii ， ― ― - - . ― . . - . - ― ― - - - - "— ― ― ― は^ ^^^^^^ 神^ 洲ひ冗 ​篛​ き ​i タ ​ 醫​墨​墨​墨​墨- ^^^^ ^ i 一​醫​i i墨 ​醫​i 墨醫醫 ​i - 醫​i i冊​i ^^^^ 一 ​ ~ マ​ ^ ^ ひ.& ，， ^ ^ 頃お​^め​~^ ^^^ ^ ^ 加? ~ ^ 醫​ 「 ^^^^ ~^ ^^^ ^ "^^^^^^^ - i 達​. 一 ​ 柳^ ^加^"一 ​醫​墨​墨​醫​墨​墨​醫​i墨 ​一 ​-&; 一 ​ ； 一 ​ ^ ： 一ぬ​ぬ​一 ​ 韓 『 i ~ 一 ​~ i i ~ ~ ~ ^ ！.^ ^ リ​ぬ^ ^^^ ^お​ ぉ^ ？^^^ ^ ？：；れ ​「 一 ​一 ​一 ​ . i ^ iマ"i i 'ん ​iiは ​ ^ 一 ​i i 一る​ ~ ^^ ~ ^ ^ . * . . . 墨 ​頃 ​ ん​ ， ば​一 ​ : びリ リ​ 丁 ^ "！! "眠​讲"？~ 丁 ) ？"？. ^ ！ | ^ ： -な。. ( 了 ​ "！!^ * 似。v (！^^)^, *^. ~ ^ &！^( —―――一――. ^ ^ ^ ( * ^x * ^ ^ ^！,, 輪​ * 醫醫―響—.———.—.—————.—————顯​一-響墨— ^！( ) * v iv！ ^ ――― ^ ^ 醫醫​.——―響響響​響-響​響響墨​墨響—響 ​^*( ^ ) ^！！^&！^ ) ―—— ^ ^ ！ vお​ 墨 ​ * 脚^!" ^ ^ ^ ―――響響..——墨​———墨​—墨​—墨-——―響響響​―^ ^ * v ^ き​- 一 ​ * ^ * 一 ​ ^ ― ^ー ​ ！^!— 醉​ x^ ； ^ 墨 ​ * * ―――― v ii ^ 曜​((！^) ) ， ^* ^ * ― , . 議​ ( ^) )^響——.響——響.響​拳— ^ ^ ( i ( ^ 一— ^— ^ ( ――――― ^ * * ^ ^雕- ^ ^ ^^^: ――墨. )^) —響.拳— * v ^ ) ―――響.—.墨​拳—墨響響​響* 脚お​ ^……――一​一 ​ ^ "^(！)^ —墨———拳​——響—————墨 ​^ ( ^ ^ 響—響——墨—.墨——— ^ )()^)^確​ ( 響 ​"！?^ ^ ^ 一 ​ ^ x * (！^)^. ^墨 ​「め ​ ^ ^^))^.-…. !^ ^ ， ~ * ^ ^個 ​i ― ( ^響.謹 ​*ま​ ^ ，磁.^！^. ，敏​ ^：： x &i i ) ~^^ ^墨 ​？ ^ 加 ​ ^ ( ^ 丁加 ​ ^ ^ ( ？ . . . . ひ ​ . ひ ​ . ^ . . . . . ひ ​ . ^ . ^ * ii ~ i 一 ​一 ​~ ― ~ ― ！ ^ぉ​^肿​一 ​^ 一 ​ ^ ^ お^ 一 ​ ？^ ，ぬー：： けれ​一 ​， ， "^^^ ^は​ : ^ "^^^^ リ​仍​ ：^^ ^ ^ は​ び. ^ : i x ^ ^？^ ？ 一 ​^^^ ~ ~^ ： ^ ^ ^ 一​^二-は ​ おお​ お ​""お​ ぃ​ "お？^"""?-"" 醫 ​ "ジ^^^^ 一 ​~ ： ^お​リぉリ​：： ^^ ^* ) ~ 墨 & ォ ​ ^ ^ || 劝​ぬ​口 ​ 巧.ii '^.^ ： ： ~ ： ！ ： 一？？ 一 ​ は^^^ りぬ​x " ^" -^ ^リ​^け^ ？ ぬ^^ お​欲-^ ^ ^- ^ ^ 一？墨 -"？ ？^^ ^； ^^^^^ ~ ^^ ？さ お； "- 一 ​一​墨 ​一 ​ 一：：？ ， ^ |^^ お^ ^: -^ 一" |ぶ​ ほ ​辦ぉ ​ |"-秦 一 ​ ぷ​ "？ 一^； ^ ^ ^ 墨​ ^ お^ i i 二 ​一 ​"二-化 ​ 墨​ ' x ， ？ぬ​ ！ 林​一​おぬ^乃^おひ ​ 醫​ な​ ^ お ​ "ぱ​一 ​ ^ 一 ​ お ​"饥 ​翻​ v & ^* ^ 一 ​ "- "は"一 ​ お​ ぷ ​ ぶ ​(：删​ 顯​ 丁 ) ト​ ， ^ x^ ( ： ^ ： - . ^ ^ x^ "！ ^ ^ 似​。 ^ x ^ ^ ―――， i れ​ i ) 。^ 墨​一​. x ^^ , ^鹏​.！^... * ^ ^ ^ ( . * * x ！" ^ ^ ^ iv ^ * ，一 ​ 拳​-響​―――響​——一​――——響​―――.^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ ？ ( ^( ！^x( ^ & ^ ^ ( ^ v ^ ^ ――-. ^ i ^ * ―， * ^ ((！^(^ ^ ^ & * ) ) ^響​—響​….醫​響​. ふ​& * v …― * x ^v ^ — ， 崎​x ^一​^xi ， (， ^*^！)墨 ​(， ^* ^響 ​ ^ v ( ^ | ^崎​. ^ | -- * 锄​ - ) ^ / —墨 ​^ , * ^一 ​^ ^ ^^ 慕​ * ^ ^^ ( 響​一​響​——―――墨​響 ​一​—^ ^ ！^^()^^)!^),—―一 ​ ) v ^ ( ^ ―――拳 ​"似​叻​- ^ v*i ^ ^―一​…一​- ^ ^ x ？ * ^ ―――響​一 ​^ ^ * ……一​一 ​ ^ ^ 響​…： vi ^ ―― 吻 ​一​【 ^ ^ お ​ ^ ――――—一 ​ ^一 ​， ^，魁​. ^ ――――― ^^ 響​響​響​—響​響​墨​響​墨​響​墨​墨​-墨​響​一​.一​…響​響​響​― ^？ ^ | (？^^. ^―… 一​,！^, ――――――― ^ ^ ^ . . ( ^ ^ ^ ^ (^ x . . . . ，― ― ― ― 一 ​， ― ― 一 ​ ― ― - ，，一​一​" ~ ~ ~ ~ 拳 ​— - - 墨 ​墨 ​一 ​一​一 ​一​" - 一 ​― * * iii ぬ * 一 ​ . * 直​ ^ . . . 一 ​ . i ，ぉ​抑​ぉ​"？は​^ - 一 ​ ？ ぶ​？お​-""" 一 ​"ヒ ​ ^ 一 ​一 ​ お​さ​一​ ^ ^お ​一​ ： ：墨 ​ & ^^ ^爾​で​菜 ​一​ ぽ​ ぷ ​一​ ニ​ 一 ​- ほ​ 接​ 雨​ 一 ​ は​ 一 ​ 一​"ひ​""一​一​は ​ ^お​ぬ​ほ ​ - ^^^^ ^ |ぉ ​ -一 ​お​" ー​ ？は​ け​一​權​ 醫 ​一​ぶ​i忍 ​i - ^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^^^^ 敏​& ^ 一 ​^^^ ゆ ​的​^お​は​は ​v & ？"リ​ぬ​一​ひ​ほ​一​は ​お ​ 爾​^^;ほ​^^^ ^ ： ^ リ​川​^加​^^お​ - - 溫​ おお ​一​ 一 ​："お​ * * 一 ​-""-" 秦​^ お​^ぉ​ま​" 一​ お​"：" ^ぷ​^墨​ 墨​？ 一 ​， 一 ​ ii ぶ​ お​^ 一 ​ ，，一 ​『おま​ ぶ​"； 醫 ​ ま​リ​ さ​，."，" ぶ​^『お​ - ：墨 ​ixぶ​おお ​ 磨​辆​^^ 霧​" 爾​ ："お​ お ​ "お​"？逭​お ​ 迄​お​忍 ​ ) ト​ ， ( x ^^ * ？ ^( ： ~ - . ^ * ^ x ^ x i 響.響​響醫冊​墨' ，^ ^ x i …響一一​―， ^ * i ^ * ii * ^ / 墨—.響​響...響 ​ 個 ​) 響—響​響..墨..響 ​ * ^ ^ ^x ― ―^ iii纖​薩 幅​^—！昏 ​ ^ ^ ^ 一 ​ ^崎- v^v^—― ^ * ― ， vi * ^ i ^ || 一-一 ​^ , * * 一 ​園​ * - ― ^ 一 ​ (^ ^ ――― ^ 響​響墨響​醫響墨​醫醫. ^ ^ | ^ |||||| 墨墨​――一​――――， v ^ ^ ――――"― ^ ―――胃 ​ ^|| ―—墨—響— ^^ ( ^ ^ 一 ​― ^ ^ぎ​^ ) ^ 響響​一-響.墨​醫醫響​墨— ^ ) ^ ―， i ^ ――― i ^ i铜​醫醫墨​—醫​響響響​—響​一* 勿​一 ​力.， ^ ^ ) ) ^ * ^ ！)*^,鳩 ​ 献​ ^— )\^^ ^墨 ​ ^ ^ ~^ ^墨 ​ ^ ( ^ 一 ​一 ​― 一​—―― —一—響 ​ ! ^ / ) & ^/(！!^ * *!^!^ ^-^^國 ​ ( ^ ^^ ^ 丁 ​^x 加 ​ | ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ . . . . . . . . xi . . . . 参 ​ . . . ― . . . . . 一 ​ . . . * 齡 ​ 暴 ​ *^ 一 ​ 一 ​i i ^ ^ ？^ i i 月 ^ ？^ ^ ^ 墨 ： ： * i i ！，" x * ^ - 一​"ほ​ 一​"-" ー ほ さ ​画^ 一 ​！ ま。一 ​ 一 ​^二"一 ​ ^ は​^ ^^^^^ ^ ぷ リ？？ ^ぬ^お​リぉ​ ^ ：： i 一 ​ ^ 墨は i 一 ​ リ ​ 響醫 ​i i i 一 ​i i 醫​墨​ 一 ​ i ^ 一​は​ 透​ぷ ​" ) ん& 晷 ​ ぉ認"？ 秦" ほ^^ ， ^ は^ 一​ぬ​ け ぬ ​& ぬお​ ？ ； ^^ 赠？ ； 一は​^加 ​で​鬆ぶ" ！ 彻& ^ 肿​ひ^ ^ ；は：：^ は^ ^ シ​ ""巧​ ^ 意 ​i な ： めぬ​ぬ​れ ​ 一 ​ ぶ​ ' 嚷​i 一 ​ 環​^ ^お​？ー​ 丁 ) ？^ . ^ "け​ぉ​!!)^ ？""加​，： - . 「 ^ "！!^ ^ 似​。 ？ ―――― & i 》 | —一 ​^ —墨​—―^^—― ^ — i 墨​-響​響​――響​-— ) * 。き​ ) & ^ ，^！?^—―一 ​i ――—――—―――^響​—響​― ^ | ^ ( ^ ^ ^響​響​墨​響​墨 ​^ ( ふ​ ^ ， ^ v敏​ 墨 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 醫​響​墨​―—墨​響​醫​醫​墨醫​—響​―――― ^* ^ ^ ！ ほ ​ v^v^— ^ ^( ^ ! (^ —一 ​^ ) ^ ？ 一 ​議​ i * 一 ​ ^ ^^^^ ^― ^ ^響​墨​響​響​響​. ^ 知 ​ v * ^ ―一​. "似​—一 ​併​ ^曲 ​ i 「 ^ 一​ ^ ^-一​. ， "ゲ​ほ​"せ​^！/!(^!! 斷​， i ^ ―――――i ， ^ ^ ^— ^ ^ 貼​. ^- . 勵​. ^…一​一​一​一 ​ ^敝​ ^ ^ ^ ―響​墨​—.————響​..———..' ^ ―――――一​拳​—— ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 響​ー​墨​"―― ^ ^ ^ . 加 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . ~ xv 一 ​ ぬ ― ^ お​ ；^^ ^丌​リ​^^-は​一​一 ​ ^ ^* - 響​i & ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ぬ​け​^- お​ おおお​-;^; 一 ​は​？？墨​ ^ ~ ' . i ~ ^ ' ず​ 拍 ​ i る ​射​. i あ​ ひ​ ， ^ * し​ |^^！ ^：； お​：？ 一 ​ ^ - ぉ​リ​ぉ​ ：； め​ iは​- ~ i 。一​~ ^ 二 ​| 二 ​ i 墨​タ​ ^ * ^ 墨​ ^ は​^欲​ ^ れ​ ：リ​ ^ ^ ： x^ ^ ii お​ み​ '^ ^ タ​ ~ るる​ ~ 一​は ​ ^ 墨​ お ​ る​ x 一 ​ i ^ 一 ​ ； ""的 ​i & i ， i一 ​ 墨​ 一​ 一​ ^^^^^^おれ​お ​^^^^^^^^^ ^ "ぬ​おお​リ​ぉ​^ ^ ~ ~ ： ， ^ ？ ， -^ ""ほお​お ​ ぬ​ ^ぬ​^ ^ : : ^ ^^^^^^"^^^ ん​お​ は​& ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^川​ し ​ 醫​ ^ ~ 墨​ 醫​ ，^ お​^^は ​^ ^^ ？"ゆ​お ​ ？？？^ | . 一 ​ - 墨​タ ​钟​ . 一​一​ ~ 之​ レ​ ^ る​ ^* ^ ； ^ ^ ^ ^ v ^ ，一​一​"；？ 一 ​^^ ^一 ​ぬ​-^ 一 ​^ ^^^^ ？^け​ぬ​^ 墨 ​ . . ~ ^ 一 ​ は​-^ ： i 一 ​一 ​一 ​ ぶ​一​ ？？ ^ ^ "-一​"おぶ ​ 墨​ タ​ ^ る​ ^ & お​ダ​" 力​ ^ ^- ^ ' ^ 校​ん​ : & ^^^ リチ​ お​^ ^^^^ ^ ^はお​が ​ ^&舶​は ​漏​ ぼ ​ 瞻​ i る​ ~ 錄​ *x 期 ^ び​^リ​ 丁 ^ & ？- . ) ^ x ^ ""！^ひ​!！"^幽​ ^ ： * ) "處​ ^ ^ 墨​響​幽​顯​—拳​響​響​一​. x * ^ & ^ ^ ^ ||^|一 ​ * x * 一​ ^ ^崎​ 紙​^き​ 響 ​ ^ ^ ^ -. v ^……——…墨​――響​. * ^ v ^ ^ 一 ​ * *^ —――…――― * & v * v * * 練​ * * ―― ^ ^ ^ —響​——删​墨​響​響​響​響​醫​響​， ^ ^ ^ ^響​響​"響 ​ , 嚷​ x ^ * ^ ^一 ​ ^ ^ & ^ ^響​響​響​響 ​ i ^ …——一 ​應​(！ ^ ^ ――――― * 一 ​'^！ii&丫​一 ​ —墨​—響​—.響​——――響​響​響​拳​響​. — xviii曜​ | ， ^ ^ ^墨​響​幽​響​墨​...響 ​ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ v ^ ^ ^ —墨 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^x ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ 丫​^ ( ( ^ ^ ^ 加 ​ ^x ^^x ( ^ 丁​^* . ^ お​ お​i^おお​ |眾​？お​ ぱ​辯​訟​ お​^^^ お​ お​^お​おおお​^ ^お​ ^ ^^ ？ ぱ​||お​ ^お​^お​ ？^お ​ ぉ​溫​ぼ​ お​^お​^| ぶ ​， 哼​.' - — おお​"然​^^お​^^ ^お ​ ^ ^ ^ ひ ​ ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ & 'ァ ​ ^ ^^^^ ^^^ .は​ー​リ​ひ​リ​ 射 ​ ^ ん​^; は ​ 力​ 口​.^ ぬ​ カ ​ ま​ ， も​る​ き​ ひ​ ^ ^ ^^^^ お​^ vii，， 资​紫​ 崖​ ^ ^ ^ 'ひ​' i x は​ 卯​ は​ ひひ​ ^ バ​ま​ れ​^; ； ^^^^^^ ^^リ​ 冗​x は​ リ​# お​^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ； ^^^^^^^ i i ^ ^ おぶ​：" ""？ぷ​ "ほ ​一​一​ お​ ^^ = "？^お​"お​ ？ ？だ​お​繁​ぉ​ぉ​？ "ほ​^"お​ 仍​"？ * ii xi . ^ ！ お​^ お​""^^ さ​巧 ​一​ ^ ^ "^ぶ​ぶ​ おお​ば​だ​^iiおお​ て​ ぉ​ 『 ，ぶ​" = ii i i x ^^ お​^ 一 ​； お​^^つ​，.？ : "ぽ​^ ？ お​^^^" ま​""？""〔 は​^ ^^ * ii i ^ リ​ は​ & : :^ ？！；；は​ ^ ： ： ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ お​ ^ ！?^^川​お​^则​^^ ^^^ ^お​ : ^^ ^ で​. -リ​ 门​ 一 ​ ^^^ ^ 一 ​ i ii ^ v ^ &ん​シ​^^ 义​ /^リ​^ ^！^., ^ ^ ？- 丁 ) ？-、 ， ) ^ ^ ^ ( * ) ^ | ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ： -〔 . ^* ^ * * ^ —拳​一​-， * * * x * 議​， x^ * v^v^賴​《 ^ ( ^ ―…――――， v ) 一 ​ ， v ( v ) ^ ^ & ^- …一​——…… \ ^ * ^ ― v ( 響​墨​墨 ​^^^！^! ^ ^ ——--—，響​墨​墨​^ * ^ 息 ​ ^ ！ * ^ * "！i "鶴 ​痛​ * ( ^ ^ ―― ^ ( ^ * ^ * * ^^！^ ^ (^) ^ 響​拳​眷 ​^ ^ ( ^ * x ^！"," * * *^ ― ^/！^ ^ ^ ^ ) ^ || ^ ^ ^&―――― ^ * 議​'^！！&v一​ 嶋 ​ ^ ^v * ―――― i ^ ^ ―――― ^ ii^ xi*墨 ​ ^* ――――一 ​ * x —————響​——顯​醫​———————墨​—響​————一​—一​墨​——'響​響​—墨​—響 ​ ^ ^ ^ ~響​醫​—響​————————響​—響​—拳​拳​醫​v響​x拳 ​ v * ――- ――――――――― * ^ ^ ――――――― … ( ^x ^ 〜 i 「お ​ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ |^ カひ​ . ^ . ， . ^ . ^ ' . ^ . ^ . ^ . ^ 饼​ ？お​ お​^^おぶ​ ^: ^-^- お​ ^？" お​^^お​^ ^ 必​ 门​ ^ ^ 墨 ​ る​ タ​ ひ​.^ザ​ / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ x ^ん​&' * ^ ^ xi ， ^^^^ ^ ^^の​ ^ ^ ^* 一 ​一 ​ ぬ​ ^お​は​リリ ​一​一 ​ : 一 ​ ：？^ ^？一 ​化​；：^; ぬ​： ： ぬ​：： i る​ ii ~ i ~ お​ ' ' ^^^め​ 钌​ぼ​し​^^^お​^！ ？！ ぬ​ ぼ​^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^^？^ ひ​お​^"^お ​ お​は​ ^ i ~ぷ​i i i墨 ​ 翁​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ，リ​^^ ^ ^ ^ 響​i リ​^ ^ | ^ ^ *^*^ ^ ^ ^ ？^^^^^ ^ '！ ひ​.^ ひ​， ^ & ^ ^なん​^め​^^ け​^ ；お​加​ ^お​ お​^ ^^ ^^ ^はお ​ ^ ^ - ^ ^ か​ *^ ； =^ ' シ​^ ^ ^ # お​ ^ ^ 一​ 一 ​ る​な ​ ^ & ^ 醫​ i ァ ​， お​^^お​^" さ​ ぷ​ ^' 一​ ゅ​.^ ^お​！ ^^ ：^^ ； 』お​ おお​ ^れ​ ぬ​ が​ん ​ * タ​ お​は​^鳴​ ぬ​け​ 墨 ​ ん​" ひ​ : る​ ぶ ​ ^ ，一​"* ^ ^嵋​ひ​" ^ ) ？- . ！^!# ^ x ""！^ ^i|^ ^^* ^)(ii^( ？ ： - . ( vi *(^！) )^ ^ ( ^ ^ ； ( ^v ^ ^ ^ ^ i ^ ！^"^. ^ ^v ( ^ ^ ^ # ^！^, ^ ^ ^ ^ ( 】 * * & ^ ^* ^ ――― ^ ^ ^ (^ #！ * ^ ^) 響​墨​-響​-響 ​^！^(/)(^, ( ^(！))^, ( ^ ^ & ) ^ ^ ( ^x ！^ ) 墨一​…———一​一​. ( ) ( ^！( x) ^) * ^ ^ ——墨​響​一​. ( * * "處​ ~|國​園​i * ―精​, 一​^ ^一 ​ # ^ ii …一​……一​"一​一​… v ^ ^ 一 ​ v ^ * - ^ * i ^ ^ ( i v * * ―-一​一 ​^ ― v * ) ^ —墨​國​『響​響​響​拳響​圍 ​ * ^ ^ "！|^ー ​嫩​ * ^(^ ^ ――― iii ^ 丫​議​ ^ ( 墨 ​ ^ ^ ^ ― ？ゅ ​i！ お ​ お ​ ま​i 叭 ​^お​^" お​ ぶ​お​" 一 ​匪 ​^お​ ：" は​ぶま​ぽ ​ ii ^お​ * 溢​お​？"： ！さま ​^ ^ & &'&は​び​ ： ii お​ おおお​ぷ​ お​^ お​ お​" ，お​ や​麵​ "お​。 "は ​ お​|さ​おお​ "おぶ​ "お​" |ぉ​ さ​ ^ * ぶ​ 一 ​ & ひ​ ？ ^ -^ す​ . ？ ^ ^ ~ る​ ^ ^ & ん​ ^ & ^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ぬ​； ^ ^ 一​る​ ひ​ ？ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^- ^^ 墨​ ' る​タ​ る ​ ひ​タ​ ひ​ ケ​. ^& . "ア​ひ​力​ . ^ ^^ ^ ^~ 必​ク​ v ^& ひ​ & ^ 画​ = "お​ 一 ​ ，i ^^^^^^^^一 ​^ 一 ​^^^リ​は​押​ お​^^^^ ^ ~ ~ な​ ' .ケ​ . ^ & & ^ る​ 敏​ .タ​ ^ x お​ぽ​ お​動​^ ^ . ひ​.は ​ ，，ふ​ 」 ョ​羅​^ vお​ . 功​は ​な​^ ぷ ​お​謹​忍ぶ ​^ ~ 一 ​^^^^ ^おお ​^ 一 ​^^ 化​は​は​^ ニ墨 ​v 一​二 ​^二 ​^^^^リ​ ^お​|リ​リ​| は​ - ^ 饥​お ​ : は​； ^ひ​^" おお​ は​^ ^ ^ひひ ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ゆ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ x v珀 ​お​リ​ゅ​& ^ は​^^ お​^ . . ひ ​^ ^ ^ ^ ：？ ぬ​ お​ひ​お ​柳​^ "ゆ​.， ^ ，一​ 一 ​為 ​ x ま ​ 加 ​ ^ x 加 ​ . . ^ . ，， . ^ . ， . 抓​,|抓​" . * "〜〜抓​ 輪​ 鶴 ​一​ ――― * i |一​"まさ​ば​ 《 る​さ​ト め​し​- &(&^ ^ ^ ？"象​! ！ ほ​ ！ ささ​ト​- レ​、ヒ​ ^ さよ ​ ^ さ​ ^ 〇​ー​ ^ぉ​〇​ ？ス​お​：^ニ ​ x ，&!さ​& ^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^ ^^ ^~^^^^ ；^ニ​ さ​^さ​ ：ん​ ミ​ おお​^^お​おおお​ . . ， . . 』 . iii 一 ​ . . . . . ii * ； ヒ​ = ^ ^ ―》 ― . ^ ―〜 ". 〜は​抓​か​。^ 。"ト​""&^暴 ​一 ​"ト​ 抓​"^&.トー​— ね​ タ​ "ゆか​&ぉ​ ^&《リ​ ，ま​^ ，？ ( も​/ - ^^さ​は ​め​めり​ v リ​' 》》"さ​お​. め​ お​〜"" ， 一 ​ ぬ ​ * "一​"〜 ー ​ト​" お​^ま​おお ​"ね​"&ぷ​ね​まさ​も​"』 ^ ^ . "さき​ ^ ま​も​ に​さ​ さ ​ . . ^ . . . お​ おば​ 〜 iii & 赛​ ！ &ミ​ささ ​ ^ ま​に​ &ね​さ​ ^^ ^！ & まま​^^ ^^ ―一​― iii iii 一 ​ 桑​" "， i ！ ii ^ ^ ^ さ​ さ​ 零​ に​;！け​ ト​ さ​ス​一​あ​.， き​!^ミ​お ​^ ― ま​"^ ^ ^ ま ​^ * 一​一 ​ 力 ​^毒 ​リ​ ト​"一​み​"も ​& ミミ​ま ​ ) ？- . ！^!)^ ^ ( """れ​ ^ ^x ) ？ ： - . ^ ^ *^ ^ --—— ^ ――—―――醫​—一​翠​琴​-―――拳​. ？ ^ ^ ； x 圍​。 v( ^*^ ^ ―――――――， ^^ x ^ ( 一 ​ * ^ * ii ー​崎​, * —痛​,' ^ * ii 一 ​ v ^ - 一​-！， ，，…― \ ||) ( ii ――― v 销​!^ . ^ 拥​ぉ​ ^ * ^/ ^ ^ ― ^ 昏 ​，豳​ii鷗​ * * * ―― 鶴​ ^ ^ ^ ―――― ^ 國​ー​ ^ * ^ ^一 ​―― 「 | 國​國​^一​："國​か​ 十​^ * 議​&丫​議​ 一 ​ ^ ^ ^ ( i ^ ^一​一​一​一​一 ​i ^ x^(( ^ ^^！^!響​響​—.響​響​響​.. ^ ^ x ^ v ^ ^ * —一 ​ * ^ x ^ ^ ( x / )^ ？ ^ . ひ​ . . ， . . . ^ ^/ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ . ， . ？ . ^ . ii ！ iii 「 ？ ^ ^ ^ ^ ~ * ^ & ^ぬ​ォ​ぬ​^ ^^ ^^ ^リ​^ ひ​； おお​ジ ​"？ ^ : "^"が​^^じ​^ ^お​ x | ^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^ぉ​ ^ ~ ~ i ^ ^ i醫​墨​一​墨​i i冊​i醫​墨 ​一​墨​删​墨​ だ​ 哉​？ お​ ^ は​ "！ お​^お​^^ = ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^が ​ ひ​ リ​^^"む​^で​^巧​リ​ ？ ii ^^^^^^ ^ リ​ ^ぬ​？ ^ぬ​ ： ~ ： ひ​ : : 力​力​ ^は​ ^め​ 一 ​ ~ ~ ^ ^ ま​ . ァ​^ ト ​^ ^ 一 ​ ~ i 一 ​ x x& ァ​ ぷ​& ―ひ​ カ​ お​認領​|お​ i な​ は​" おお​^ お​^^ - リ​^おお ​ 力​は​ お​^は​^一 ​墨 ​ ^ 一 ​|は​：： ^ v一​：節​： な​棚​ ^ 〜 ^ ^ ^ ？- 丁​曲​？- . ) ^ (！" ！"" れ​ ) ^ ^ ^ ： - . ^ ^ ^x ^ ( ^ ( ^ ( ^ ^ ^ . ^ . . ^ xi . ^ . . ， . ^ . . ， . ^ タ​ . ， ，麵​ii黼​ ^ ――響​-* ^ ^ ^ v^i'！ ^《 ^ ― 甲 ​， ^ (^(！( ^ x - (^(^ ^ ^ . x ^ x v^(^ ， * ^ * 一​，, ^ ^！^)!^ ii ^ ^—響​—* ( ^ ―墨​. ^ ^響​-響​—— ( ^ 響​-拳​響​拳​— ^ ^ ^ - . ^ ^ & ^ ( ^ ^ -. ^ ( ^ ^^！^"!. ^ * iii v^〜！ ^れ​^ 一 ​^ ^ i ―――――…――一​. i v ) ^ ^ (^ 障​―― ， i ( ！ ^ い ​ i ^ ^ ー​一​一個 ​嚇​ ^ ii ^ ^ - . ^ i 一 ​^ * ^( ^ ――― ^ ( 一 ​^/^^一 ​ v ^ ^ ―き ​ iii . . 鼸 ​縟 ​ . . . ii ，尊 ​ . . ^ 一 ​i i 一 ​一 ​ ぶ​習​ ぉ​ ぶ​话​ ？一​一 ​ i 一 ​ ひ​お​ ^ 墨​^ 墨​ 一​一​は​墨​ 一 ​~ 霧​ i i 一 ​ 一 ​ * - 一 ​i i | ^^^^ り​^^^"リ​^ぬ​ は​ひ​！x は​~ 一 ​ ；？ぬ​ぬ​ ^ 一 ​ ニ墨 ​ ^ 巧​ ^^ ぉ​け​藝​ ^ け​ ぶ​"？" ^ ^ ^ i i i i 一 ​ ^ ^依 ​ ' - 讲​^^ '一​ ^ /^^(^， ^ び​リ​ リ​ !^( ) ト​ . ^ x ""！))!)!^ ) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ： - . ―赠​. ^ ^ ^ 墨​——響​—響​—一​拳​ ^* ^崎​……―一 ​ ―――――――――――――響​"- ^ ^x ^ ^ )^^*, ， ^ * ^ ――――――， * * * 一 ​， ^ ^ * "崎​，'*^ * ^ ， —…一 ​^^ ^ ) ^ ^ ^ ^ ――――墨​墨墨​響​— ^ ^ ii ——…——……—…響 ​ v *^ —……墨​——一​—――， ^ ^ v ( ^ ^ ^ ix ( * ^ ―――――――――― * ^ v ^ ) x ^ ― ^x ) ^ ^ ii ————拳​—墨​—墨​墨​—響​—醫​—墨​醫​， ^ ^ ^ ^ x iii ^ ^ / ^ v *^^ ― ― ) ^ ―――拳​—――， * ^ * v ^ ^ 崎​"！！"戶 ​^ * * ^ ^ ^^ ——響​， ^ ( ^ ――― ^ "輙​" ^ * ^ ^^ ―――― ^ ^ ^ |墨 ​墨​——..—響​墨​響​響​響​響​墨 ​^ ( ^^ ―――一 ​ ^ ^ー​ ^響​———響​——拳​—響​* ^ 巔​、！^x一 ​ ^ * ( ―――" * ^ ^ ^^ # * ^ ―-―-―― ^ ^ ^ * --― v ^^！(^.... ^ ( ^ ^ #一 ​ x 丁​^xi ^ 加 ​ ^ x 加 ​ ^ ^x( ^ ^ ^ x ^ ^ . ^ ^ . ^ . . ^ . . . . ― 一​ ― 一​ |おお​ お​iお​^^ ！^"鄉​な​？，" ^ ^^^^ ？ ^ お​淠​ 加​？お​"" ゑ​ ^^^^^^ ^ ^ "比​^リ​^^ ^^ . : |お​" ^ : ^『 i v * 、 iず​， ^ ？に​^ 一 ​一 ​：！？？"？？ ？ 一 ​^ * ひ ​ ^拍​一​一​ひ​ゆ​一​一 ​め​^ お​|ぷ​ | ^ぶ​ ^認​| ^ ：お​x乃​！ は​ ：^ 一 ​^射​め​ ^ さ​ め​^^ -^ ^ *^ でる ​ , ひ​ ？ 一 ​ : ^.^^"お​は​一​一​け ​ i v お​認​^お​^ x お ​ぁ ​ ^お​^^ ジ​^^^は​^ 一 ​ ？ まつ​ ？ ii ぶ​謝​" 一​！ぶ​ お​？纖​ ^ 權​^ 癧 ​x醫​醫 ​^ ^ リ​^おお ​ ん​ - 讲​^^ お​ & リ​&i ^ x ^ ^ (！リ​ 丁​隨​ * ^ ^ "畑​"讽​"，一​ 丁 ) ？- . ( ) ^ ) ^ ^(^ ？ * ，： - . x x "^！ 〜曜​ー​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 寒​ ^ * ^ * ――― i ^* ^ ^ ( ^墨​響​墨​醫​墨​― ( ) ^ ― ^/ ^ ^ ―^^翻 ​ ( ^ ^ ||^| * ( * 一 ​ ^ ^ ^ # x ^ ， ^ i ^ ， ( ^ ――一 ​ ^ ^ ? ( ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 、^ & 、^ 丁​# ( /^ ^ ^ ^ ！ ^ (^ . . . . . ^ . ？ * ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 一 ​嚇​ ^ ^ ――― ^ ^ ( x (^！))一​一​. * * ^ ^ ！)^(^ ^ ―一​拳​-響​墨​響​響​— *^x * ( ( ―――— ，麵​i纖​i "一 ​ ^ -—— ^ ^ ^/ ^ ——―拳​醫​響​墨​響​響​- ^ * ^ ^響 ​ ^ 議​^！！！^v囊​ ^ 墨​————拳​—— ^* ―――― ^ ！^^( x —一 ​| ^ お​ お​^^^^ おお​^ ^^ 一 ​墨​ ； ^& ^ お​^ お​^ ぬ​"？ 一 ​^ ぷ​ ^ ？ ？？""詰​ ^ ^' ^ . 墨​ - ^ で​ ^- ^^ ^^ v ぶ​ ^ ~ ^ - ん​は​^^^ め​ル​め​^ け​^^ ^^ ^^& ^^ ^^ は​^お ​ お​^さ​ ぉ​お​^お​^ で​ お​^^^?は​一​お​-"^ 群​ ^ 一 ​~ ^ ^ ^ - &ァ​ ^"ひ​ . ァ​ ^ ^ ^ *^ * ， 棚​勒​收​" き ​x ' iお​^ ？ほ ​ ^ & ^ な​^ぬ​？^^^^" ： ひひ​^^ ^^ ！^^ |；？ ^^ ^^^^ ^ - ^ お​は​^ & は​^は​^ぉ​^ |ぉ​& | ^ 一 ​ x 仍​お​は​一​一 ​^^^ ^^^^が​^^ 墨 ​ i ^ &"』 ' ~ 一​一 ​ ' ^* ~ ' ず​. ' ： ル​ ひ​ ^ ^ & ^ ^ ァ​.^も​.& 」 ^'ん​，' ^ ^ ^^& ^ iが ​ ^ *^ ^ & ^ ' ^ ダ​ ^ ) & iiii ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ お​^"?^^ ~ ^^ ^^^ お​^ ^ - 舞​は​； は​|的​^お​| ぬお​ は ​ ^ ？ お​リ​"^^ ^お​^ 爾​^ 斑​&タ​" ず​」 ^^ ^^^^ ^^リ ​お​^^ は​ ？？！^け​^ぬ​^ 科​^れ​^ ^. ， (^お​iお ​な​ =^ &^胡 ​~ "！! ^ "眠​ ^ ^ 丁 ^ 丁 ) ？- . ( ( ) ^ ^ * ( ？ ： - . ^ * ^ ―――——―- ^ —————響​.————…——――墨​. ^ ^ ^ ？ ^ 醫​墨​…響​響​響​醫​響​響​墨​響​響​響​國 ​ ( *^) ^ ―響​——響​—.^響​響​響​墨​響​— * ^ * iii ^ ^ ^ ) ^ ^ ^ x ^ —一 ​ ^ v ^ ^ ^令 ​ 哪​ ――…――看 ​ ^ ^ ^ i 「 ^ i ― ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ii^ ^ ^ ^ - . ^^ぉ​ * . ii ^ * ^( ^ ―――― ^！— *^ ―― 謹​ ^！^^)^!^ ^ ^一 ​職​ ^ ^ -―――― ^ 議​議​ ^ ^ (^ —響​.拳​響​響​拳​響響​墨​-—墨​-墨 ​ ？ ^ # ——―響​響​墨​響​響​，響​響 ​ - v ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ( ^ iiii \^ ^ # ) ^— i). ^ ^ ^ ^ ま ​ . . . . . . は . . . . . ^- ^ 一 ​ ^ ^ 醫​タ​ iる​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^び​ ： ^ ^ お​ "おお​ 一​"一 ​ ^ "；iiひ​ ひ​ る​^ ^ お​認​ お​？^ ぬお​^"巧 ​i然​ぽ​ お​^お​"お​^巧 ​ ぶ​ぽ​ぶ​眾​ぉ​朋​^?ぶ​？ ^は​一 ​ "ぬ​ つ​ る​ ii ^ ^ ：お​ ？ お​&?" 一​は ​一​ ぬ​一​一​お​ ^ ^ 一 ​ る​タ​ ^ &^ ^ x ^ ^ # ^ ^ ？& ^ ^ ~ ~ ^ ^^^^^^^^ ^ "^^^^^は​ ： - ^ .* ~ ^* & ？ ， ^ ~ ^ * ひ​ タ​ . . ケ​&' . ^ ^: ： 一 ​^^^^ 一 ​^"^^ 一​ *お​ = * "- 一 ​二​觀眾​ * x 一 ​一 ​ 一​"？！一 ​ぶ​| ^？"おお​？ お​" る ​^ ^ ぉ​諧​ぉ​ 〕 i る ​ る​，| ？ ぉ​？ お​^^おお ​ ^^ ^^ ： ^は​は​^は ​^^^^ 一 ​は​^ ，& i墨​，は​リ​ ^ "お ​^お​"リ​做​おお​粉​お ​ ^^^ ^^おお​ね​^ぬ ​ ^おお ​ ぬ​^け​： ^ ひひ​ ^ ， 一 ​^^^^ ^ ： 一 ​一 ​ ^^^ リ​&ぉ​ . "で​， . ひ​ る​ ゆ ​^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ひ​ リリ​&-'レ ​ゆ​^^ る​ な​ 了 ​ ' ァ​ ま ​ xv i i .柳​^ ' も​ ゆ​^ひ​^ぬ​： 函​リ​ !^ひ '一​ ^ ^ に​"，ひ​.， ^ ) ？- . ( ？ ^ ^ ( || ： *x iii[ iv？！ 議 \^||^ x x 一​響​拳​———―一​. * * 議​ ^一​———————————————. ^ ^*^ ———……………………一 ​ *( ^ , ^ ^(！)拳​-響​—響​響​響​墨​墨​墨​響​響​響​響​* ^ ^ v …―-―――—一​. v^v* ―—――― ^v^ * —墨​――――― ^i^ iiii一 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ \ * ^ * ^ ^ —墨​響​—醫​響 ​ ？――――――― ^x ^ ( 響​一​， 「は​v*^^ ― 「 v^ ^ x ^ ―"―， ^ ( ^ ——響​一​一​―一​――~ ，ブ​^ v^** ― ^ ^ ( ^ ———響 ​ x ^ 響​. —…墨 ​ 一 ​ i& ^ ^ iv ^ ^ ^ ？^^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ？ * ^〜 一 ​一 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ？ ^ 拳​拳 ​^ \^ |||| # ^ ^ ^ ( x！ ^ ^ ^ ^ ぱ ​ * , ― れ​ ― . ― . , . . 丫 ​i勿 ​^ ^^ ぬ​ け​ ^け​^ &^ ^=^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ - ^ x v ^ ^ ^'ひ​ ^- ^ ミ​ ^ぷ​ "おぶ​ "お​种​ ^ x 踪​ おお​ ^ ^ ^ 囉 ​ - ^ &&' 本​ ^ ^ * ひ​ & 瞻​ め​ め​ ク​ ^ ^^^ ^ 瞻​ るる ​^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^* ^^力​リ​ ^"リ​ぬ​^ ^ め​ ^ぉ ​^ ^ 防​ が​が​ お​^ リー​ぉ​^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^お​^ぬ​^お​^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ お​^お​ お​ 想​？^^ .玆​ ぶ​ ！ ？. &―产​ & 阳​^^ ^乂​^ 翁​ v ん ​ ^ ^ ^ *^ ^ ^ ^ ぉ​お​琮​ ^は​ ^^^^^^^^ x ' ！お​ お​： ^ &し​ ^.お​ は​？： ？ ひ​ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ .^^加​^： .お​^^お​劝​^ ぷ​ "おぶ​ 〇​胖​ ^ & ^& ^ か​レ​ レ​ ^ シ​ & 'か​ ^ ！ "― . お​ お​ お​^^？^ゆ​^^^ - |ぬ​ぬ​！ ！？"は​ は​一​^ ^！ ひ​ | | 一 ​ お​^ ^リ​ リ​ ；ひ​ ： ； ：^お​ ^れ​^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ぬ​ ^ ^^ ^ ？ ， i レ​ & ^ヌ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ び​ ひか ​も​ * 器​？おお​^^お​ ^お​ 溫​ ？ ^ ？ぉ​ぽ​ |鄉​ ^ 一 ​？ ^ つ​ ^ ^ ^ i ^^^ ^ ； ^お​ひ​ ^お​ ^お​附​^お​^は​^お​ お​ ；^ ^おお​ ぉ​ ？ ！： お​ お​^ ^^^^^^^リ​"リ​ * ^ ^ ^ ' x ^ ケ​. . タ​& # ？ * 条 ​ ' ^ 节​お​"？お​ お​^ ほ​ ？ お​^ おお​^" ： ？ ^ 眾 ​i お​ ，お​ - ！が​vお​ . i ぶ​留​，ぶ​^ ，ん​お​ね​ 踪​ ^* ， ^おぶ​綴​，おお​^ おお​ ぶ​ お​ ， ，.る​ ^ ^ * る​ ！ ^ 力 ​ i i i i ' 一 ​^ 墨 ​ ~ れ​^ ^ ん ​ ん ​ ^ ^ め​ぬ​^?; ^ ^ * ^铋​ 糾​に​リ​.， ^ ^ - 丁 ) ？ x ^ ？。"旳​ ！ ！| i。 ： - . ^ ) , —一​—一 ​^ , * れ​ ー​一​. , . ..— . . . け, . — . , ~ ^ 議 ^ ^墨墨墨墨​響​. * ^ ！^ ^—個 ​ ^ (x)^^ ^ ^ ^ "響​- * * ^ 一 ​ iv (^！^ ^ * ―――――――― 謹​ ^ ^ ^ … ^ ―――……一 ​^ ^ ( ( ^ ^ 一 ​ * v^v* ―……――― ^ 一 ​ & ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ： ^ ^ ^ \ 》 * ( 。 ^ & x^ (x)v^^v *^* ' ま​傲 ​き​！ iぶ ​ま​| |， | 画​ ぷ​ ^ 幅​ iiほ​ ！ だ​ ： ~ほ​^ぷ​ . ぷ​ 秦​ ^ ^お​ii ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^お​ ^ ^ ぉ​"リ​ ？"リ​れ ​謝​ ほ​ * お​ 群​ ぉ​ け​？ ^ ひ ​^ る​ ， . お​ リ​リ​ 川​ 糾 ​ ^ ポ ​ ^は​^， &；： ？ お​ ぶ ​ i墨​ 扣 ​ 多 ​纖​ . る​ ク ​ ^^期​^^i v？ & ，お​x v . ^リ​^ | リ​ ^门​は ​ i ^ & |ぶ ​に​に​&.お ​權​ お​頃​一 ​ ^^ひは​^ 笾​幅​^辦​ほ ​ ^ & 嚇​ 加 ​ 鬌​&ひ​！"ん​^ 笾​^^续 ​ ^&一 ​ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^则​^^^祝 ​# お​""" は ​ ^ . v ^ ^^^^^^^^ ，應​お​ ぽ​？ 謝​一​讽​は​一 ​ & -^ ！" iiiおお ​ 一 ​ 川​『一 ​ 春​ * ^お​搏​^^ー​^ ^ ^ x は​はは​一​輕​^^ ！ お​"リ​お​^^ - ひ​ i i i i ^ i i i i ^ おお​はお​は​， ^ 墨 ​ ぉ​ "？x 一 ​^ お​？？"""： ^ ^^^^^^^^ &ぉ​ 苷​一​一 ​ぉ​棼​盟​一​一 ​ iix i i ^ . ^ ^ レ​ 柳​^！^, ！^.. ^ 丁 ) iii"！ ( ？ ザ​ゅ ​ リ​i 「 x ^ ^ )^細​れ​ 墨 ​… . "メ​ —一 ​ , ^ ^ ^^ お​ . ^ , 一​. , ^ ^ , * , , ^ . ^ ！^^^墨​—響​——墨​—. ) iii 歸 ​繞 ​職 ​ * ) iii iv『^&丫 ​iv？！ ぎ​/* ) * i x ^ ^ ^ *^ ^^ ^x ^ v^v^ ^^ ^ ^ (^(^ x^ 鶴​ * ^ & vi ^ * ^ iii ^ …一​一​一 ​ ！―――― 響​—――――一 ​， v^……―一​一 ​ i ―…— ―. ^ ^ ( ) * が​ ( 墨 ​ ( ^ ^ v^^i^ ――墨​—響​—響​———――一​響​—* (^(^ —響​…一​一​一​一​. v^ ^ ^ ———―..————— 拳​—拳​響​響​—響​響​響​* '』， ' 'x ~ ~ ~ レ ​ v^v^ ( ^— x ^ ― v^v - ^ -… 狄​ぉ​ ^ ^^ ！墨​-一 ​ ^ ^——國​響​—墨​———墨​.———墨​—墨​——.———— vv ( ^墨​———一​—響​—響​—一​-―醫​拳​響​墨​響​墨 ​ iii ^ ^ iv ^ ？ ( ^ * ^ ) vv v ^* ―—一​-— ^ x ) ^ [^^ *(^ . ^ ^ ！) 一​———. ^^^() x ^ v -' ( (^晰​ ( v^v^― | ^ ^ ( ^ ――—響​-—.響​―——響​響​…墨​—國 ​^ 幽​お​ ^艸​i矚​ | || ( ^ v^v^ —墨​一​一 ​i ^ ^ ――― xv^i x * ^墨​墨​- ^ ^* ^^ ^ ) ((！^ (！)!^ ^ ^^ ^ i ね​v*v ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 一​，-一​一​き​ *^ 艸​ ^ ii ^(""^^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ *^* * ^ * ^ ^ * *^ ^ ^ x ^ ^ ^* 〜 *^* ^ 拳​—墨​——響​—.咖 ​一 ​ー​| ii 冗 ​， ま ​き​； み​ ^タ​ひ​， "な​& &i & &ァ​ /^ ^ ^^ ^^ ； ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^ 一 ​ — 可​マ ​ ' お ​^ ？ ； ： ； ^惡​： ^赛​： ^^ ^ ^ 瞻​ ^^ リ​ ぬ​^^ |ぬ​^け​的​^^^^^^柳 ​ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^ る​タ​ & 眾​おおお​i は​ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ，ぶ​v お ​ 综​ぱぱ ​了​"お​醫​舉​" ぽ​ぽ​浩​ぉ​然​淑 ​^おお​& . ^^ |ぱ​说​ぷ​お​ii ^^ おお​ 啦 ​ ^ i i &^.^&リ​仏​お​リ​リ ​ 笾​ 盅​ 認 ​ お​ ； ひ​ は​ "リ ​"び​ ^ ^ 广​ぉ​ ^- ^^^ ？ ^令 ​ふ​"脚​"お​x、卞 ​ ，る​タ​ ， る​ ？^ ^^ひ​ ^に​^^ ^ ？ リ​^リ​お​ ？：^ ^^^^^^^ タ​ . ^ ト​ ^^？^；？ひ ​，リ​：はお​： ぬ​ ^^^^^^^^ . ^ ^^ : ^ 一 ​||け​お​|； ； お​ メ ​ "？ ？ ？お​ = ^ だ​？^""おお ​ | レ​ ^^^^ ^ i - ' な ​i i加 ​ ^ ： 墨​る​ 一 ​ '？ & ^ v i ^一 ​ ！ は​は​ゆ​ ？一 ​ , 一 ​ か​ .^ '&' 』ふ​。 かん​、か​ー​ ^^' ^ & ぷ​ ん​ ^ ^ ^ . ' 一 ​ ひ​^ ^ ！ ^ ^' も​ & i ^おお​ ^ リ​ ^ ^ お​一 ​^リ ​ 認​" 一 ​：一 ​まゆ ​ つ​ で​ お​ "^け ​も​iiii ザ​ ' . . x 一 ​ひ​ 一 ​ ^ 一 ​ ぬ ​~ '一​ /^(^為​ ，榭​ひ​.， ^ (：〜 リ​ 丁​!^ ) ，-". i||^ iii^ ？ ^ ^ 諭​, 。 ： - ^ 「 ^ 一 ​ ^ ( ( ( ^ ^ . ひ​ . . ^ . 丁​(^ . * ^ ――――――響​———響​.————.————響​.―― ^ ， ^v^……——………………—響​… ！!^ x) v ！^)^ ^ — ^ *( ^* v^v*一​. ^ ^ ー ​i 響​墨​響​響 ​ ^* ii ii ― ^ v ( ^ ―… 、？^% ―一​. ^ ^ ？| * * 一 ​ ^^^ ――き​"'一​"き​ ^ x ^ * ^ i ― ― ― ― ― ~ ^ ^ ^ ――――― x ^ ii *^ ^ -一​一​一​i * * ^ ^ ――一 ​ ^ ^^ ^ ―—墨 ​ ^ ^ ^ / ――一 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^* ^ ^ ^ :^ お​ ^ ^^^^^ ^ ^リ​" = ^ お​iぬ​^^^^^^^^^ ； ^ ん​，， . お ​ ' ^ i i 墨​^ ^一 ​ ^ ^ お​^^ ^ぉ​| お​ お​"は​ "^お​^^ ：；"^ 一 ​お​一​おき​^- は​^ ？ ：は​ひ​； ^ ，|x ^ ^お​- お​&?；お​は​"は ​# i 醫​ . ' ^ 一 ​ 墨​~ ^( * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ v ^おお​^^^.リ​狄 ​^ ^^^^^^^ ^ 一​ i ^ ー​ | | ほ ​お​け​ 转​脚 ​ ， ^ おお​ . ^リリ​^ & 抑​ 辦​？ ^お​^ ぶ​おお ​ お​ ひ​^?： ^！！ 毒​毒​ ^ ^ 效​^^ 抑 ​ ：？おお​^ ， ^ 一 ​^ お​：^ ~ ^ ？？お ​一​ 一 ​節​ 一 ​^ i 一 ​i ^ お​^ ^ 一 ​ ^ i i リ​i 榜​ 墨​ ^ は​ 墨​一 ​ ^^仏 ​ .ん​ん ​ | ^ば​ 』 】；：^囊​ 腦​リ​ 丁 ^ひ 丁 ) i'- .i||^ ii^^ (！"れ​丫​旳​ iii ： - . &^ 了​^xii ii * xv？！ iii 編 ​磁​ * ^ ！ x ^ #一​— x ) 個 ​ * 丫 ​ * iv '^！^而 ​ (^ ^ …墨一​^―-. ^ * ^ ( ^ ^ v^v^， ^ ^ * ^ * ^ ， 組​ ^ 議​ ^ ^*^ 一​. iv v^ - iii ―――― 。 ^ ^ ―， ！ ( ^ ^ ぎ​(！(）に​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i 動​^ * ^ v*v 一 ​( v^^ / ― ^^—" ―，^^^^^^^ x ^一 ​ ^ ―― ― ^ ^ ― ^^(^一 ​， v^ * * 議​ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^ ――墨​一 ​^ x * ^ vi ―………墨​—— ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ———墨​一​拳 ​「 x (^(^^(^(！^, ^ x x * 一​——響​――― ii^ iiii ， ^ ^ ^ x ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ き​， ^ * * ？ ^^ '… ^ ^ & ^ *^* ―――一 ​憎​ ^ ^ ―—墨​響​議​國 ​^ ^ [^！^^ ^ ――― ( ( ( ^ * ^x 丁​^x( ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ す​お ​ . . . . ひ​ . ， . . . . . . ^ . . ， - 一​ - 一​ ^^^^^^ ^鄉​り​-: ：^^ ^は​は ​墨​ * 一 ​ ^ ^^一​一 ​# は​ま​" ；； ！！~ お​？ ： . ^ ― ？ 認​ な​ 抑​" おおお​" ぶ​お​ ？ 菜​お​ぽ​； お​"" : ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ゅ​.^ ！；リ​^^^お​x 的​お​功​ 化​は​^奴​は​"晰​^おお ​ i ^ ^* ， 細​^' 'ほ​ . さ​^ お​忍​お​"？" 馆 ​ . リ​ ^ん​^^^^ * ふん ​ . i ^ ^ 墨​墨 ​ ； は​.^ '^ ， お ​一​ お​ ^ 『 ；" = 一 ​霧​ i ？ 響​^ ： 一 ​x一​一 ​ ' ^ ？ i ^ 乱れ​ ^ ぉ​ぽ​？ なお​？？"ぶ​" = 一 ​ぷ​， ^ = : "ほほ​ 薪​^一 ​^ 粗​&"リ​v ， .お​ ^ ^ ，お​ ぶ​^^画​ 馆​ 笾​ ^ ^は​&リリ​ね ​お​^お​^ "さ​ ラ​-菜​，一​ 一​一 ​鶴​& &群​ ^ ，は​ は​： ^リ​ 爾​醫​ …接​…接​接​纏​ョ ​^ ^は​は​おお​ ，^， ^も​^ x & 幕 ​，"お​ x ^ * ^ほ​^ ^ お​ ぷ​，一 ​ ぷ​は​iお​^^ ^^お​^お​^ ， ^^^ ぶ​""ば​ほ​ぶ​^ ^ ^ ぽ​想​ほ​| ^，^お​，^ぉ​ ，， vお ​笾​ 議​^ 鬆​^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^切​^^^^が ​ &&"リ​^ 禁​ぉ​設​&ぉ ​&ぉ ​は​ 一 ​(：" リ​ 隨​ 丁 ) ？ ： - ^ x ^ * ^( ^ * ^ ^ ( ( ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ x ^ ^ ( ^ . ^ . . . . v - る​ 導 ​ ひ​^^-^;" ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^ ， お​ ^お​ ！&》お ​ まま​ぽ​ぶ​忠​^ ^ ^ |溫​ お​iは​ぶ​ iii "？?？ ？"お​iぼ​iお​おおお​ ？お​iぶ ​ (^おお ​ ！ほお​ ^ ^ ぶ ​ ？！" ほ​ ぶ​お​^おお​ お​ iぽ​加​おぶ ​ お​^^脚​， お​ね ​^ お​^お​ * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^おお ​iお ​ ^ ^^^^^ は​幼​^ ^ゆ ​ = ^リ​^ "&;お​ ^お​^?^ ^^^^^^^ リ​；^ ^ ？^ ^ ば​^^お​リリ ​^お​ ，^ 謂​お​寨​淠​i忍 ​^^^^ れ​&& ^！ ^リ ​ 鬵​iお ​画​ ^^加 ​ i接​お ​v ^ ^ ，&&！. & ひ​ ^は​け​" リ​ ？^葡​ ^リ​； め​^お ​ ^ リ​ はお​ ^ ^^リ​ ^？：^ 一 ​二​- 绍​むけ​ ^^ は ​ . る​ ) お​^ は​ は​" ^^^は​^れ ​^ ^ ^ ^^^^ ^x ？^"お​ ^おお​ "； リミミ​ぉ​ お​ * 盟​"〇​ "？！ ほ​^墨​墨​ ；；一​"お​""；：；一​醫 ​啤​ . ぶ​.^ な​ '^ ^ '& x ？ ^ ^ ？？ : リ​^ ^ひ​^ 卩​ 一 ​ ""リ​ ^ ？^ "ま​紫​ 饯​， ：：： 墨 ​ v 一​ 咖​ リ​ ！^ 錄​ ^ お​に​リ​.， ^ ^ ？~ 丁 ) 卜​". x ？ ^ ^ 諭​ iii ： - . 一​， * ^ , ―― お​, れ​ ー ​れ​ , ， , 扣​リ​ ， 墨 ​ , . . . , ^ & . ^ , . お​ , ^ , 一 ​ ^ ^一 ​^x iiii[ iv？！ 議 * * &丫 ​ 議​ iv ^^ ^ ^ ^(( (^ ^( ^ (^ ( ^ v 一 ​ ^ ^ x ( ^ ^ ^ ―一 ​^^ ( x ( ^x ^ ― * ( ^一 ​ ―――， ―-' ^ || ^ト​，お​"*^ ^|^|^|^ ^ ？| ^ "！^鹏​^^ ^ 。 *^^-一​一​一​"， (x ^i| ( |vi x^ ^ 。 ――――. ^ ^ / 墨​—墨​—————.響​—.響​―—圍 ​ v^ ^ 個 ​〜"一​き​^！— "，," ^ ii ^ /^ iに​ ，』 ^ ^ ^ ―― ( ^墨​.—...—..—..墨​—墨​—響​.響​.—.—響 ​ *^ ^ ^ ――- 一​一​一​一​一​一 ​^ ^ iiii一 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ vx v ^ ^ ^ i ――― ^||| (！^(*^ (^！^)) ( ^ ^ ^響​一​一​ ^ ^ ^ * ^ * …―…―― | ^ ( ^x ^ ， * ―――—— ^ / ~ v^v^ x ^ —響​響​拳​響​響​.響​響​.響​響​.....響​響​墨​響​響​墨​――^ x 議​ ^ ^ x ^ ) ( ^ 旨​ ^ \^ ^ ^- ^ x v * . ^ ま ​了 ​ . . . . . . x 一​三​お​ . . 、 - ^^ ^ さ​ ^( ささ​ ぱ​ 象​ささ​ ョ​〇​ す​ ^ ゲ​ ャ​" ー​？お​ ケ​^ -^(^ ― ^ ( ^^ "丄​""。も​マ​ も​^ . "ん​"も​《vふ ​― ^ さ​ ：：〇​？ ニ​ まさ​ お​ ：^さ​ ^ ^^ ^ ^ &x-ー ​ト​"。；一 ​― ^ ささ​ ^^ ^ ^窆​^^さ​ ^さ​拔​ね​ 整​ ^ おま​ 兹​さ​^^ま​ ^ "よ​ レ​"さ​^ ^ ！^^.v ニ​！ 引​ "-ね​ さ​ほ​- ^ お​さ​ お​，さ​"ま​ さ​ さ​ ^ 嗜​.ト​" ト​^.さ​，. み​ ^^(^― ^ &^ト​巧​^ ^め​".ト ​ ― |か ​ ？ ^ ^ ^ ^ 辆​辆 ​^ 抓​ "―力​"抓​ ^ ^ミミ​お​ョ ​ & ： 。 ^ が​ ^まさ​さ​^： 聲 ​"おお​， --ミ​xな ​き​^^ョ ​， 裹​ きま​ さ ​一​ 级​な​x .ュ​な ​！お​ お ​ ^ い ​ x ^ | 芘​ 磁​ さ ​おおき​^お ​^^磁​ 節​面 ​ま​鄉​鄉​ョ ​銥​識​磁​ * お​磁​ 运​さ​舊​ さ​ お​多​お​ まな​ま​ ^ ^ ョ​鄉​職​ か​。" ( は​ 窆​^蹇​^!^ ^ お​ミ​冊​ミ​お ​ぉ​ お​:^ お​ ，" | * け​ ？象​お​ ： ！ iii ！ ぉ​删 ​ * さ​-！ ^.ぎ​.ま ​ ョ ​ x ， も​ -もし​， & ^ ^ 一 ​ ^ は​ ， おき​ = 錢 ​#嚇​ト​^^《.一 ​き ​― ―一 ​ミ​^" .一 ​ * 一​一 ​ ， 謂 ​ . . メ ​ . . . 冊 ​一​"一​-! . 辦 ​ii v ii . 瞧​" . . . . . . . . タタ​お​! ^ な​^^ = ^お​〜 脚 ​ii 鍋 ​ お​ お​ ^お​""" . . . . 一​ * ―め​ト​冊 ​ . . ^ i. ^ ^ . . . . . ^ . . ，" . . . . . . ね ​ii. . . . . . . ト​ . . . . . . 》一​ 錄​ ！^ひ​.， ^ び​リ​ リ​ i面​ 丁 ) ？i|i^ ii ^ ^ ？ リ​ ^ * x iii ： -な​/). * ^ * 仃​ま​ ー​ ^ ^ お​. x 丁​舶 ​ ^ ^ x！ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . ！!!^^ ^ 議​ * * ^ iii 「 v^v^ ― ^ x ^ v^v^ ―――一​—… ^ ^ ^ ^ - ――墨​^—――- ^ ^—墨​—....——響​-墨​..—―響​..—拳 ​ 議​ ^ ^ ^ x 一 ​ ^ ^ ^x ^ * ^ * v ^ ——…響​————… ^ (i vv v ^ ――"――――^ * ^ ^ * ^ ) ^^ ^……一​一​拳​^—- - ^ *^ ^ ^ ) ^ 響​..一​.響​響​響​醫​墨​響​墨​響​拳 ​ ^ ^ 段 ​^^^^^^^^^^^^ お​^ 综 ​ ^^^^ 認​秦​ 爾​^^ 一 ​め​ 警 ​^お​"" ^ ^^晩​ ；ー​； 一​ ^ ！ ^ 一​iお​^ ^ お​， に​ん​ | は​ 鹏​ ^ ぉ​& 拍​i i i & ひ​&ひ​ ， ^ . 想​ ^ 機 ​一​ ^ 耽​"脚​乂​" ^ ほ​リ​ぉ​ | タ​ん​ な ​ぉ​ト ​ る​ 『お ​ お​リ​^ ： ま ​ ^"お​^ &は​^ ^ ぉ​ト​！^.(尊 ​ ？ ^ & ，"^お ​ ^ & . な ​ v v^ひ​ ^ ^ ひ​ ぉ​^ ^^^購​^^ ^^^^^^ジ​^ ^ ：は​ ひ​ぬ ​ x ^ & i一 ​ん​ ん ​ 一​一 ​ ，ぶ​x ふ​ ，ぶ​vリ ​ ？ ^^^^^^ 毒​ ュ​& - 加​ ？ ^ "^は​门​ や​ & & ほ​：：は​； ん​^'い​" i併​&&& 的​讽​ & 如​" も​iお ​ . , ，お​(,お​， 力​ &效​^ ^ ^ リ​^ ：リ​ぉ ​ 藝​iお ​# -^ ^' 一 ​， ^ ^ & & き​., ；^ ！,' ^ ^ ^- v ^ ^^ ^ぬ​&^ お​は​~ ^リ​ ^？？おお​ お​は​^ ^ 一 ​^ お ​一​~ ' 暑​ ！ お​^^^^^^^ ^ ^ は​リ​^ ^ ^^^^^^^ & i 孓​ 加​ ^一 ​^^^ ？； ^ "- ^^^^^^^ は​ 一​一 ​ひ​" 一​^ リ​ ^お暢​一 ​ *^ ^； ^ ？；:" .^ ^ぬ​ぬ​^ * 霧​； 一 ​^は​！ ひ​ ？ 一 ​^ ， ヶ​. さ​"" ^め​^ ii ば​ひ​ふ​' '化​ ， ' ，一 ​'一​ * ) ^ ^ ^ひ​.， (：田​ リ​ ^ v ^ 钃​ ^ ^ 一 ​ ^ * v iii 一 ​ ^崎​- v^ —― ( ^ x ― ――――――――"墨​"一 ​ x ——響​—――儘​塗​-墨​響​墨​醫​響​醫​―一​-———一​一​- * * * ^ v 一 ​ ^ ) ( ^ ――――― ( v ^ ( ( | ) 圍 ​ ？ ^| ！!?x ^ || ――― ^ ( "息​ 一​ 墨​響​醫​響​墨​醫​删​醫​—删​墨​響​響​醫​響​一響​——. i v ^ ^ v v \ 陣 ​^ ^ 一​…――"― ， ^ * ^) ^± ^ 一 ​ v ^ ( —拳​響​—.， ^画​,— * ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ひ​ ^ . ひ ​ . カ ， i權 ​ x x ！ ^"ぽ​"iお​||吸​^^^お​ 游​ 盟​ぼ​ぉ​ iおぶ​iiおお​認​ぽ​翌 ​ 窓​ ？で​^-ぶ​お​ お​ ^ ， ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^： ii i 一 ​ ^ i ~ i 一 ​ ^ 一 ​ る​ ^ ？ 川​"^^ ま​^ ？ ^ 一 ​^ ^？^ お​^ お​で​おぶ​ "お ​ x 靠​ . 一 ​^ ^ ^ - ^ ひ​ ん​ ル​ ii 醫 ​ 瞻​ i ぉ​ぉ​ぽ​ぉ​ぉ​" "^"一 ​ ？ ， - = 墨​： け​ぶ​き ​一​お​ ？ぶ​お​^ ^~ ^おお​ お​"；"一​墨​ま​講​は​ 墨 ​墨​ お​ ^ ^ 两​ミ​墨​一 ​ i お​ お​^お​^お​ぱ​が​ 想 ​& ^ 一​ . 秦​おお​ ^おお​|活​ぉ​溫​ぉ ​ ；!お​^" 馏​ぽ​眾​忠 ​^ ^ ^ ^- ^ ^ 瞬​& * iお​ 〃 おぉ​ おおお​？ ： ^ね​^^は​ * . ^ おお​ぽ​ 朋 ​ * ^ は​^ ？ ：ぬ​- ， #ま ​ ^ - ^ ^^* ^ぬ​ ^^饬 ​画​ 秦​ 握 ​， 靈 ​ ぽ ​ 祭 ​な​議​丁 ^ 丁 ) ？- . ( ) ^ ^ x ||！"^ お​ ？柳​お​^ ： - ^ 勿​, . 丁​加 ​ ^ ， ？ . ， ^ ^xi ^ . ^ . * i ^ 一 ​」i 丫​^^ゆ​.^油​賺​^^ | ^^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ？ ^ ( 了​加 ​ ^ ^ お ​ま ​ 加 ​^ ^ ^ 加 ​ ^ 「 | . ，| . * . . . . . * ^ 刚​…一​一​一​一​一​一​一​一​i x ^| i ^ ^ | "る ​ ， * ^ x ！") * ^ ^ ^ * vi*ii v *^ ( ^― ^ ——墨​————. ^ ^) ― v^^( — v^^ x―響​一 ​ v^( ^— * ^ ―――一 ​ * ^ ^ ―…墨​―― ^ , ^！^)) ()墨​—一​—一​— ^ * v ^ ^ ^ ^一​. ^ ^ ^ ^ ――――響​. ^)^ ^ ―――~ー ​(^！^!!^ (！ v—―-' ^ ^が​阳 ​ * ( ^ 献 ​^ ？矗​ ^ ^ ( ^ ， ， ^( ^^ ^ 響​一​一​―一​ ^ ^ * ^ &i ――――――― ^ ―拳​響​拳​ 響​響​~響​響​.響​拳​響​-.拳​-響​令​響​….. ^ ^！ )^, v^*^ ^- ) ( (！ ^ ) ^ * 墨​一 ​ ) * 一 ​ ii ，, ^* * x * 議 —崎​, 一​ 一 ​ ^ -. に​ iね​v ^ ―響​. ――……一​一 ​！ ii ^ ^ ^ —―. v ( * 拳​…響​...響​.響​.響​響​. | x x ^^ ^ 響​響​.令​響響響​響​醫​考​響​墨​通​. * ^ * v ！ ！ * v ^ * ！^... ^^ ^ ^() v) ^ ^~---- ^ vi / ^ ―――—――――墨​—- ぎ​)") [！( !)^ ^ ( ^ ^響​響​響​—墨​. | 一 ​^は​- : - ：^^ ， 二 ​^が​ ^おお​リ​お​^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^ さ​お​i ぶ​お​？ お​ おお​ ^^^^^ 脚​： き​お ​一​； ^ リ​^リ​； : ^出​ ^ ； ？お​ ？ 一 ​^^^ ^リリ​ぬ​^ ？ ^: お ​^^^^ ^ 一 ​一 ​ 仰​^^おお​ れ​ "毒​一 ​ x ！ 一 ​|""^旭​ -" お​ ^ ""？ ？ぉ​ま​ お​^？ | ^ ぷ​ お​リ​！"おお​ お​^ ^ぶ​ゆ ​ "- おま​ ？おち​ぽ​|化​な ​ まき​卵​^" "- 一 ​ お​^?币​忠​ぉ​洁 ​ =^ ぶ​^^ - お​ "お​^^ぷ​咖​i柳​^?お​"ぱ​ほ​ さ​ ぉ​？^|お​^お​ "ミミ​- お​？ お​^ ^ ： i ii x ん​ v ^ は​ ^ i ~ ま​ まお​巧​ ^ i ^タァ​ な​ i i iii ，！ タ​ 'な​ ^き​ ぉ​"お​"お​ ！； ^おお​^お​？お​？^^^"" . おお​ お​^?讲​お​ ^ i ； . ^ ^！^ リ​ ほ​^ぽ​ i は​ 一 ​| ^ おお​^は​"-"" お​ ？ぶ​忠​お​？ぶ​" おお​iおお​？ ？？^"" お​？ お​？？ お​"？" ~ぉ​忠​ぽ​ ぱお​^"" ~ 柳​^ "畑., 〔は​ リ​ 丁​!^ひ​ \^|||！ ^ ，： - . ii& ii i , ， '^！ (^* ^ * —響 ​ ^ ^ ) ^—響​—.—醫​―醫​.——響​——響​. ^ * ^ ^ ― ^ ^墨​—墨​—墨​——響​—響​———響​——響​——響​響​―響​醫​響​響 ​ ) 墨墨​———.————響​————響​..———一​-響​..響​.響 ​^(^！!^^ ^ 墨​墨​———醫​——醫​—墨​響​.————————墨​―墨​———————響 ​ ^ ^ ( ^ v ^^v^ ) ――――――――"—墨 ​^ ………一​響​……！！！！^！！^墨 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ……一 ​ * * ^ (^^！^(^ ^ ―墨​墨​―――――響​— ^/ ^ ^-墨一​一​' ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ( * ^ ^ ^^) ^ ^ 一 ​ * ^ * ^ * x 議​ ^ * * ^ ^ ii ^ * ii ^ ^^ ^ ^ …—――一​…"――^ v ――――-墨​一​.…響​響​… * ^ ^ ^ v ^ v ) ^ ^ . ^* ――――――――――― ) ^ ^ ^ v x ^ ^ - ( ^ ^ ^ 丁​？！ ^ ^ x . . . xi . . . . . . 一 ​ ！ x ii x x i ii ii i ii ii で​- "- ："ぶ​川​ ，^お​"憩​- ^ 巧​ま​ 權​ お​""""？ぶ​"""：なほ​？ ぱ​^? x お​" 》"お​ ， "お​ お​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ お​^ お​^ ^ "ぷ​は​？ ""さ​i ^ - ^い​ * 冗​ぶ​ ？お​"おぶ​加​ "-一 ​墨 ​一​ ^^ ！" ヒ ​ る​な ​ ~ 翁​ る​ せ​ る​ v ^ ^ サ​ ひ​？； ん​ ，& . ^ お​ * ？ ^お​" ？ -"?|综​ま ​ お​^ 一 ​冗​？〜？^^" ^^ お​"おぶ​| ^ ^ ぶま​： ^ 一 ​^一​一 ​ お​巧​" おま​"？ぷ​？ "^一​" おお​ぼ​ ほ ​ 歸​お​ おお​ ぷ​^"お​- 函​リ​ 隨​ 柳​^ ！^., ^ ，一​ 丁 ) ？- . "！) ) ，i|i^ iii^ 【 -"脚​？ ^ v ^ 。 |^ ^iii^ ( ( ，】 "胸 ​||^^ ― ix？―――響​— ^ ) ( ――――一 ​ ( ^^i)|) , i —一 ​ ^ ^お​, - れ​ , れ​ 义​ ー ​ . . . * * . . . ゅ​ . 墨 ​ . * ^ , ， お​ . ( , 一 ​^& 墨墨墨墨 ​ ！議​ iv ，^！vi ^ ， ^v ' 謹​！^*^' ^ ^ ！!^^ ((^(^ * ^*^ ―――――， ^^"^ x ^墨​墨​響​.響​.響​..響​.響​.—一​―拳​一​—- ^ ^， * ^議​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ vi (！)^ ^ ^ —―—―――ー ​；^ ( ^墨​醫​————響​———醫​——――一​—― ^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^ ^ ^……———墨​一​…^ ^^ iv ^ ^ /^ お​ ^ ~ ^v^ 墨 ​ ^ ―き​ —拜​i藝​，| | お​ ^ ( ^ ^ ， ^ ^* ^ 丫​コ ​ま ​ れ​ー ​ 时 ​ ( . ' 丁​裙 ​ . ひ ​ ) 新 ​ . ， . ？ "リ​ "―マ​ ^ん​". 曹 ​ ..め​""""―《ト​.-せ​x抓​每​. -抓​抓​ト​"めひ​ 〜 ^ト​お​〜"ト​タ​暴 ​ ^(マ​， チ​―ト​ "一​" *^ ^ 一 ​ ^! 曹​ト​. ' 寸​一​".。め​。"" 譬​トマト​《の​ト​梦​" ^〜ト​，抓 ​參​①マ​（^(^《（^や​^ ト​& マ ​ や​！^^や​ も​^ォ​る​付​，" "め​や​ ~ & ―" め​ ー​ ^ "み​―曹 ​夢​め​.ゥ​卜​？ ト​. .. "や​マ​ ；； ^マ​ ぺ​，ト ​ 抓​―v ！ ("^ ―一 ​.. ― ま​〇​ 〇​〇​ ；ぉ​？； '^^ ^忌​'^？； 礙 ​ ！ ？ "ほ​ョ​ ^ ^ ― '^ "。リ​抓​""抓​""""ま ​& ~智​抓​か​ト​〜&め​ー​ マ​ x ^-^ ^ '&. (^ ^ 。―& ー​"替​ ^ ^x ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^ xき​ 』 リ​ ~ ^ ささ​お​も​^ さま​ ^〜おおお​! ま ​；^ &ミ​も​ さ​ は​ミ​-は​"'""レ​ さ​象​象​^!― ！ )^) ^ 』き​ぱさ​& (^ぱ​ ね​ おぎ​ も​お​- き​ さま​ きま​ ^^ ^ ^ ^^ ； ^^ ささ​& ^ *^ ま ​お​〜ョ​" ^〜ま​ は ​ ， | ^ ^"か​" め​ "ト​ 一 ​ ^ ^ ― ' . ^^ ^ ^ ^| は​ん​"，《 & も​&v ^ ^ ^— ^笞​ ニ ​ ^ x加​^ョ ​^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ お​ | | ぉ​ミ​挪 ​ ミ​城​ ！ & ^ ^毒​ * ^ ミ​ぉ​ ミ​ iii 一 ​ ト​,ト ​きおお​ミ ​攀​トト ​^レ​严​ふ​—― お​^お ​《# お​ * 抓​一​抓​抓​" * さ​さリ​〇​ど​さ​ 多​一​"" ト​々​》 〜め​一​―一 ​ 福 ​iii 權 ​ ト​ 抓​ ^ ョレト​& 。 お​ミ​ぉ​ .ま ​^ ^ ^* vii ii 權 ​ * x x麵 ​ v ， ， . 一​一​ ゆ​ ^ . 严​ま ​ * & ii . ， . . . . . . . . . リ​ "お​^ 耀 ​v ^""。抓​きみ ​ . . . . . 爾 ​ iv . . . ぉ ​ ぶ ​ . . . ， ，" . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . ，" . . ，" . ぬ. . . . . . . . . . . . ー​ 柳​^ "ゆ​.， ^ ^ ) 丁​！^ 丁 )( - ， ？^^ %： - . || ，。お​「。― 翻​iii が ​ ，^ vvi||i^ ？ ^ x . ^ ！ 。 ^ ( ^ ^ ( —…響​響​-拳 ​ ^ ( -醫​—響 ​ . リ​ , 一 ​^ . v (！^.. ^^ ( き ​—――—一​一​—響​墨​響​一​響​響​響​-響​響​響​—一​響響​響​.響​拳​響​醫​卷 ​ ^ ) ^墨​——響​—墨​——響​醫​響​-響​響​響​響​響​響​響​令​拳​拳​拳​-響​-—響​一 ​|| 翻​" * * ^ ^崎​一 ​^ ^ —————墨​.—響​―――醫​——―――――響​響​删​響​—墨​——卷 ​^ ( 墨​————墨​-響​—―—響​醫​響​響​響​—響​墨​~響​響​拳​-醫​響​醫​醫​響響 ​ ^ 【 ^議​ ( ， 「 v^( ^ —一 ​| ^ ^ (！^^!^ . i x ！^—^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^― ―^^^^^ ^x ( * ―――――――響​響​—―――墨​——―拳​—―拳​――拳​一​—. ， ，ズ​， * ^デ​.'―― ^ ^ ( ^ ―――一拳​——一​一​* ^ 。 ^ ^ ^ ^ | * ^ ^！^)!, ^x ^ ( 】 ^ ^(！!!) *^ ^ ^ 一​ 丫​^ ^新​，^ ^| ^ x ^ ) . ^ . ， . . . . ~ & . ^ ？ ， ， 广​ん​^ ^ ^ ^ ~iv響​る​ ^ ^ iォ​. i xi ^* & ォ​ & 一 ​ 拿​ ~ 寺​^ か ​^ ^ ひ ​ひ ​ ^/ ^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^ ァ​&'ず​ & ？ ュ ​搏​ タ​ . ^ ぶ​&おおお ​ ^ * お​リ ​， お​脚​ リリ ​ お​リ ​^ & リリ ​ 觸​ ひひ​^ ^ - - ぬ​^ ，接​ 爾​^|康​| ？ ま​ 墨 ​ i ^ ^ 墨 ​一 ​^^^ ^ ^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^"^^^^ ^ 轴​ ^；！^ ^^^^^^^^一 ​ 一 ​ i墨 ​ 胁​^ ぬ​ ： 冗​？^ - ^^ ；？^ ^^け​^? 一 ​ 一 ​ ^ : 一 ​ お​ ？お​ お ​ x^ ^ 暴​ * る​. や​-) - * ， ^ 化​，& & - る​ ？'タ​ ~ す​ &ひ​ ひ​^ ^ は​^ ^ ^ ^ ~ ^ ぶ​タ​ ヌ​ ^ ^ v ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ひ​^ ^川​^ れ​^^り​^ ^ は​ぬ ​广​地​广​" ^ひ​ = 一 ​は​ 如​ ^ &v . . ^^ * ^ なお ​ i ^ i 二​冊​一 ​だぶ​|聖​ ぉ ​ 'る ​ ix &^ ^ & & ^ &ォ​ ' ^ ^* * ^ ^ ひ​^ ii . |坊​ xii筑​ニポ ​ ^ ？ ぬ​ ^ ^ ！ 一 ​^ 一 ​^^^ 一 ​り​リリ ​一​ ^ ， ； ？ は​^ ？"" ん​ ^ ^ひ​&'。""に​ト​ ん​ ど ​ ( ) !^ ^ ^ "！"リ​ ^ ，一​ 丁 ？- . ^ ) # / # ？ ^ ^ iii ^ \ ^|| ！ ？ ： x 【 ^ "脚​^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ れ​,' ^ , ； , * , , , ^ , ^ * , ^ , 一​.墨​墨​. * ^ . ―^ ほ​， iv ^ 丫​而 ​ v^v^- iv――――" ) ―-. ) ^ v^ … * ！^讓​ x 議​ ^v^ x ^一 ​ x ^ ^ ― i^^ ^(！|||^( i v v^ v^ ^ x ^ x ^ ！!^。"議​ ^ ^ 峰​ ^ ^/ ^ *^ ――一​一 ​i …——拳​——一 ​ ^ 声 ​| ^ ^ ^ i 墨​—. ^ ― ( * ^( ^ 。- v^ —― ^ ^ ^* ―一​. & ^(^ ^* 響​響​醫​響​一​-…— ^ * v^ ^*—――― ) ( ^ お​ * x ^ 【 ( vi ！()^^, i ( iv ))!* ^ ^ iii ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( x ( ^ . . ひ​ ( ？ 丁​^ ^ ^ ^ * . . . xi . . . . . . *^ ^ ^^ ^ & . ん​ . — 眾​^ぷ​^ さ​" 墨​^ひ ​墨​ 析​^ ^ |湖​ ；^抑​ ^ ぬけ​ ；:"抑​ぬ​游​^ぬ​ ；？ 墨​ ^ 墨​ ！ ？は​ ^^^^^^^^^， iぬ​ |は​は​- 奶​リ​お​ぬ​ リ​^和​ め​ぬ​は​はお ​ が​ お​錄​！ お​ ^^^^ ^ ぉ​お​ |^に​お​な​リ​^ お​？ お​^?ぷ​ 編​溢​ 川​ 巧​ ： け​， ^ ，ー​け​ ^ ^ ポ​ ， 》お ​爾​"さ​ほ​"&.. ^^ 嫌​" "ほ​ぶ​"" 暴​菜​^^ お​^^ ^リリ ​ さ​ 茧​|請​ 川​， ぷ ​ (！? 讲​！ ^& タ​ ！ お​ 〇 ​ ^ ^ v * ^ -^ 忍​i 力​^情​ひ​^^ ^ : ^ 一 ​ リ​ ぬ​ ^ 一 ​^^ は​は​ ^お​！ ？ : ：： お​ 画​ 秦​ 忠 ​ *^ & 響​ . ^顯​i . 暴​ i i i 一 ​ i ^ i i ^ ！墨 ​ 載​ ^ ^ 墨​墨​ 一 ​一 ​ i i v籍​？！！リ​ 暢​ ^ 醫​墨 ​ . 奠​^ ； お​ぬ ​^&ん​， が​^'ん​ ^ ^ ^ ， ^ '&ォ​ ひ ​ひ​ ' ^ ， i ， ^，笾​お​脚​！ vお​. ^ ^ .お​ ^ ^ ^ ^ - .& . さ​ お​" |忠​ ？ i "！ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^お​ が​ ^^^め​^^^ =^ ^^ ^ ^ i 醫 ​ 啤​ ほ​ ？ひ​ほ​は​ -^ ^^ ひ​ '一​ ^ ^ ( ^ "！饥​， ^ (：田​ リ​ 丁 ^( 丁 ) ^ ^ x | ^れ​ | 塞​!)^ ？ ？ ^ ： - * ( 了​^ 【 v "賴​ ^ ^ 】 【 vi ( ( ( *( * ^； ！?(^ x*^(. ^ * ( ^ ^ ^ )i(^ ^x^. ^ (^ ^ ^ * ^^ ^為​ )( 】 . ^ . ^ ^ . ひ ​ ^ . ^ . ^ . ， 丁​加 ​ . ^ ^ . . ^ 附 ​ 翻 ​ *^ * * * ^― ^^^―一​一​一​拳​墨​一​墨​墨​—國 ​ ^ "一 ​ ^ ― ^ . * ^ ^ )^ ― ― ― (^^ )( ( (-――― ！!^^^(^*(^).—――響​墨​—一​, ^ x( ？ —拳 ​ ^ ^ i ^ 一 ​^ * ( * ^* ** ^ x * 議 * ―崎​,' ^ ^ ii ， ^ ... ^ * * * 一​一​一​- 麵​ ^ ^ ^ ― ^ #| || 『i ( ^ * (！)^)&汁 ​\^|||| ii - 灣 ​さ​ニ墨 ​ * = ^ ~？ ^^墨 ​一 ​一 ​醫​ * ― ， ~ --ぶ​- ""加​"" ！ ？ 叻​お​^ お​-お​" お​" お​^^^""一 ​一 ​一 ​一 ​ ^お​^ = "き​"一 ​ - 一 ​一 ​ ク ​一 ​ ^ る ​ ^ 一 ​ る​，~ 爾​^ ？！ 一 ​^は​； リ​：；-お​ は​^^^ 一 ​ "^^^^ ~ ~ ^ ^ ^け​^ ^ひ​^助​"リリ​^お​的​ゆ​おおお ​一​ ^ ^^ ^ 寒​ お ​ i i - ^ 匪​匪 ​ * ^ ^ *^ ， . ^ ^ ^ ，か​ ？ お​ ^ "― ん​ュ​ "' ；；：， v ー​ ^ ^ ^ "ゆ​.， ^ (：は​ リ​ 丁 ​^ひ​ * xニ. 丁​加 ​ . . . . . . . . ひ ​ : ？お​ぷ​ ？ "^？？ぷ​ ぷ​^ 一 ​ お​ ？ お​^ほ​^ ？ ^ ^^ 睡​i i ~ * ' # 墨 ​ i ^ ^ ^ ^^^ i ^^れ​^ ^ ^ ^緣​ リ​ ひ​ひ​^^ ^ひ​ 门​ ^ ？ はお​ は​^! れ​！ ^お​ー​ ぁ​ー ​お​ ^ ？^？ ド ​一​^ 一 ​i！ 一 ​一​；？は​ぬ ​ ^. i 醫​醫​醫​i墨​醫​墨​i ^ ^ ^ 一​ 一 ​ 一 ​一 ​？" ^ け​リリリ​ ；：？ 墨​^ ： ^ は​ ^ ~ お​^ ？ぬ​欲​ ^ : ， ？： お​ ~ ^ 幼​ ^ ^^ - ^^ ^^^ ぬ​ぬ​： ： ^^^^^^^^^^^ 一​ ^ = 出​？^麓​： お​；お​ ^^リリ​^ は​ぬ​リ ​一​一 ​は​ お​？ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 一 ​~ 墨​^リ ​一​^ ， ~ ^^^^ね​ お​リ​ ： ： ： ：ぬ​^ ？ ^^ぬ ​一​一​^ ^^^^^ リ​ おお​^ぬ​"^ ^は​一 ​~ ~ 墨 ​ タ​ i ^ ： ^/ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^リ​は​ 墨 ​^^： は​ぷ​^ "お​？ぽ​" |怨​ぶ​ 一 ​ ほ​？^?^" ^^^^ ^^ ： お​^^お​^ i？"， ^ * ！ ?v% ^%^ - . ^ ^ x ( ^ x ！ ，赠​ ( * ( x "(！ 】 ^ . 丁​^* . . . . . . . . . 權 ​ ぉ … 權​- ぬ​- ；？：^の​ ：^^^^^^^ 一 ​墨​ ？ ；！ 一 ​墨​ ；：一 ​：菊​ ~ i | | ？ ^^^ "リ​"^^：？ ^^^ ^ぬ​一​一 ​醫​墨 ​は​ . リ​ る​は​ ~ 一​i i | i ^ ^ ^ i i i ^ i る​ ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ^^お​^リ​^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^―： 坊​^^^お​^ ^^ ：おお​- . 一 ​^ |~：：^ ^墨​^-^乃​^ ；：：！： ^出​^:.::i： ~ *^*^ ^ リ​ ；^：！：！？；：；！ 一 ​： 一 ​一 ​^ ^: ！^ ^ ！：墨 ​~ 柳​^ ^ ！^., ^ (：あ​リ​ 丁 ^ 丁 ) ト​ . ^ ) | ， i|i^ iii^ | | マ ​』一 ​ひ​^ | ま ​叙​^ 湖 ​ 一 ​ 【 v ^ ^ ^ 】 【一​お​, 墨​， . , . , . ―—―― ぉ​ ， 毒​ . - ― & . , ― . , -一 ​ . , -一​. . ^ . ― . v —墨​響​墨​..— ^ -. x * iii iv ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^, 響​響​響響 ​ ( ( ―-墨 ​！!^, ^ \ ―――― x ^ v^v^ ―― ： 一 ​ ^ ) ( ( ^x ( ^ ^ ( 響​響​————墨​—墨墨​—墨​響​墨​墨​顯​——響​—— ^( ^* v^v^―― vi*v^ ) ^墨 ​i ^ * ！ i加 ​ii ^ ^ ： ぬ​.^お​ひ​^^^^^は​ お​ 射​ ，！ ^ ^^ 一 ​一 ​ 一 ​ -~ "ぬ​はお​^; は​ ^ ^^ ^ ~ ： ： ^ ？；？"は​^ = ^ ^引​ 一 ​お ​一​|れ​！ ^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^ ひひ ​ぶ​ おぶ​ 一 ​醫​ぶ​お​^お​ ぱさ​ "- 墨 ​一​ ぉ​| ^^^^^ ^ ~ お​ ^ おお​リ​^^^け ​一​ ~ は​— ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ， あ​ザ​" | 零 ​ * -淠​… "ひ​ ：一​一 ​ 醫​ 一 ​i i ~ ^ ) - ^ ^ る​ . ^ ^ ^ ^' ^- * ！ ^ お​通 ​ : 专​ ，ュ​| き​ '， ^ ^ ^ xi^ #サ​ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ， は​ は​は​ け​ ^ ^^^^ ！ i i お​，お​， ， が​ お​ &招​ ！ 瞻​ i . ^ "リリ​ぉ​x i ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ ？ ^？加​， 翁​ ^ ひ​.^ ^ * 睡​ ^. *^ ^ & & & v ^ ^ & 'も​ &ル​ ル​ ひ​ . 蓽​ メノ ​ ^ ^ ^^ - ？ ^ ^^^^^^ リ​ 而​ ^ ^ お​说​"？ー ​ 丁 ) (^—抓​，i||^ iii^ iii # ^ ^旳​ i。 ^ ^ ： - ^ i 【 ^ ^ ^ ^ 】 ^ * * ，麵​― ^ * 福​ * ^ ^ ( 一​響​響響​-. v ^ ) ( ^ ( ^ ^ ( ~ お​ * ^ ^ "一​一​一​一​一​一​一​. 細​， ^( ^ x^^ i() ^ (^^^(！^)( ! ， ^ ^ ^ ^ ^x x ―――——拳​幽​-響 ​^ ^ 醫​—醫​墨​醫​醫​墨​醫​響​—.————————―響​.—響​拳​響​.拳​.響​—響 ​ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ * * ^ . ―― お​, れ​ ― * * れ​ ―- リ​ , , 一 ​ , ^！^^. . ね​ , 一 ​― . - , , ^ ^ , , 綱 ​^ ――― v^v^ ^ v- ~ …——響​響​―― v^v*―――― 『藝​画​攀​矚​iv ― | * ii ^^^ . 一 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 一​…― 職​^ * ^ ^ ) ^ v^v* ― ^ ^ ^ * ^ i 一​. * ^！" ^^ ^ ^ ぉ​ ^* ^* ― ^ ^ ^ * ^ ― v^ ^ ^………一​―- v^ * 一​…― ^ /さ​^ ^ ^ ^^囊 ​ ^ ^ ^ / ^ ^ ？ ^^#^ ^^ 幅 ​― 外​*^ — ゆ​"一 ​ . ^ . . x . ， * 力​" ^ ！ . ^ ^* x * ii ^ "は​& 口​お​！ ひ​ i ^ お​^匿​^ -* &薛 ​ ^ 一 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ & ^ ^ ^おお ​ ^ ，挺​： は​は​一 ​^ は​ ^ ^ ^は​ お​^お​""お​" & ^お​ が​xお​i ！ ^ ^ほ​は​陣​&は​^!& ！ は​？ け​一​一​は​- 墨​ ：鹏​ ！醫 ​サ​ iii i i 二 ​i ： i i ^ i ^ 一 ​一 ​一 ​ i， . ， ^ '一​ * ^ ^！^., ^ (：は​ リ​ ！^ひ 丁 ) ト​ . ^ ) ， i||^ iii^ ||| ， ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ： -な​化 ​v ^ ^ ^ ^ 】 * お​. …-. ，| ， * れ​ 墨​ー ​ * * ^ ^ ^ ^ 。^ ^ ―— ^！^^, v ，'"ま​陽 ​* * ^議​ ^* ―――—――― ^^^(^ ^ ^ ii ――一​" iも​ * ^ ^ ， v^v* vii ^墨 ​ v^ ^ ^- ^( ^ ――删​—響​――墨​醫​響​一​—拳​.拳​—響​—.. ) 一 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^* ^ ―――――― 痛​^ * ^ ^ 一​一​"一 ​^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ――― ^ * ^ ^^ ^ ――――― ^|||| ^ ^ (^//^^ ( ^ ―-一​卜 ​ ^ ( ^x ^ ――' — ！^# ^v^ ^ —響​—響​-. ^/ ^ * ) ^ ^* 一 ​―—―一 ​―――， ^ ^ / ^ ——墨​. ^ ^ "― ^v^ ―…―― ^ * ^ ^ ( * v^v* ) ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^ v^ ^ — * ^ * ^ * ^墨​....…響​.—―――――一​.響​響 ​i ^ ^ ————————響​響​—―拳​.—―― ， ^ ( ^ * ^ ^ --^—"— — ^ x 〜――― ^ v^^v ^ ―"響​一 ​【 ( "^！ ( ^爾​ | ^ ^ ^ [！ * ^ xvi i^^i^,鹏​ ^^ ( * ？v ^ ^ ^ ^！^* ^ ) x ( x^* ^ 】 ま ​ . xニ. . . . . . . . ^ | ぬ ii & . . . 醫​醫​ i ~ ^ ~ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ おお​ ^ ；墨​一 ​一 ​^^^^ 墨 ​一​一​ - ^お ​ぶ​ ~ i i 脚​ ^は ​お​ ^ ^ ^ ^ お ​ i i ^ 一​ i i ！ は​"^ け​^ ^ は​& ((^^ x ^ 醫​ 。 墨​ 墨​ ^醫​ ，ぬ​界​^: ^ ？ ^ぬ​^ ^^^^^^ ^^は ​^ ^"お​ 级​ ^ i i 墨 ​一 ​ - i 一 ​ ぴ​i i ^ ^^お ​ ^ ^ね ​ん​ひ​^リ​ ^^ふ ​^ ^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^ づ​， ^ ^ ^ ^ ，&^ゆ​.^"" ^ ぉ​^ ぉ​ & ^ ^ i "リ​ぞ ​ る ​ ^ ' ^ ~ ^ お​"iおお​^.. ^ ^ ^ 溢​ &. る​ v ，ぶ​ i ま​？ "：： 一 ​ "^お​- お​ ；リ​^お​- ^ ^ おぶ​ぶ​ ？^ ，i ii 二 ​i一 ​ 一​一​i i i 一 ​i 二 ​ ^ 湖​ !^ひ​ ^ ^\；说​れ​？ー ​ 丁 ) ？- .。彻​(^!!, i。 ， x ( iii ！ ^ ？ ^ ^： - . ( iv ^( i \^ |||* ) ^ ？ ^ ( . . . . 加 ​ . . ^ ^i ！ . . . . ^ . 【 ^ ^ ^* x ？^ v ) ^ ( ^ ^) ^ ， x ^ x ^ ^ ^ * i ^ - * ^お​, 一 ​れ​ ^ , , め​ . ... . ^ , ^ . * . , ^ , , , * , (^ ^ ^――――| v*v^お​ ^墨 ​ x 議​， ^ ^ .―― ，一​,一​ ^ ^^―"'一​や​^ ii ^*^* * x ^ ^ ^ * * i ^ ^ * x ^ ^ * ^^ *^* ――拳​… ^ ^( ^ * ^〜一​一​一​- ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ―響​響​響​響​顯​國 ​ ^ . . * る​ び​， ~ る​ ^お​ が​お​" る​， . i ^は​ぽ​^， ^ 糊​ ^^ ^ ぼ​iリ​ ん​れ​v お​" ^ ^ ^ iは​ i ^^^^^ ^^ i i ？" ~^^^ ^^は​^お​ ひ ​^ ^一​一 ​め​^ ひ​^ ^^^^^^^ ^ 一 ​ は​ ^ x 一 ​一 ​お​一 ​^ v ； ^は​^ ^^ (！? * ~^^ ^ | ~ '^^ ^ i ^^ "^^"^^^ ~ は​^け​^ は​ぬ​は​^^は​鹏​^^は​^ ？；矽​は​一 ​&&^ ^お​^^^^ & "お​ ** ^ぬ​ ？ 一 ​ は​ は​ は​^ ^お​" ^ ^ ？^お​一 ​^ i 墨​&？ぶ​ ぽ​ ぶ​一 ​^だま​i ."？ 笤​"-で​ ？ ^ ^ ^ v ^^^ & &リリリ​v リジ​！リリ​は​&^リ ​ * ^ け​ 一 ​一 ​- め​ 一 ​ ？ は​ ~ リ​^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^^^^ 一 ​ 一 ​一 ​一 ​ リリリリリ​ 一 ​一 ​一 ​一 ​ ^？ ；？ 一 ​一 ​ ぬ​は​？^ お​^ゆ​i iゆ​- ：纏​^ ~ ~ ：^^ ぉ​は​巧​ぶ​^ リ​^ お​"お​^^ i 一 ​ ^ i ^ i 一 ​^ i毒 ​，一​"^ ^ "ゆ​" ^ ^ひ​ 了​ ) ？- . ^ ^( ？ ^ ^國​!!^, ！^!^, ( ^ ： * ^ 一 ​歸 ​iii 講 ​ * * 冊 ​秦 ​ メ ​ . ミ​" ii ^ ^ ？？ x ^^^^^！ ii * x ― 善 ​ * # ま​^慕 ​ ^塞 ​一​《一​象​ム ​ii . . . . ！.&コ ​ ―"一​"ト​"务​，さ​"：脚​""ト​^ お​^ ^- ね​」 も​"も​!!"お​さ​"も​！! 舞​"".〜，《" ら​，リ​。や​"一 ​ . ^ v . . * ミ​ おおき​さ​お ​ミ​^お​ミ​お​さ​ さ ​^さ​ ^ 霍​ 霸 ​あき​ ^ミミ​お​ ，"ず ​ 【 ^ ^ || ， * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ——墨墨​—醫​——響​響​——響​響​——響​響​—響​墨​響​拳​———.墨​——拳​響​拳​爆​響​i 」画​， ^！!^ * 一 ​ ^ —暫​響​—. ^- * ^* * 崎​- ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ー​―一​-一​. リ​" ^ ^ |i^^i ^.. 禱​――――― ( 崎 ​~ ^一 ​ ^ v ： 蒙 ​ 響​響​響​拳​響​響​響​響​墨​響​. 觀​， ^ 一 ​ ― v * ( - ^ v ) ^ ^- ほ​ ―…一​ー墨ー ​\ ^ ^ ね​ ― \ v —墨​墨​―――― * * * ^ ix^i( ()i v'^i一​—響​"墨​, ！き​ 一​】ぎお ​；纖 ​一​一​！一 ​お​藝​置 ​ き​】||ョ​"え ​^曜​ー​睡 ​び​謂​ !^ 柳​^ ^ ！^., ^卜​ 丁 ) ^ x ^ ^ ^ (^！!^!^! )^ ^ / ； ほ​!^!^ ^ ： 【 v /^ ^ ^―—一​. ^ * v ^ ivviii ^ x * 編​—崎 ​ * 瞓​ゆ​: v^ i v^v^- 隱​iii画​， ^ , * * , * ほ​ ^ * * ^ * 墨​墨​—―響​響​響​—響​..一​..—— * * 浙​ * ^ ^—一 ​^脑​ ^―― ^麵​ * ^————響 ​ * ^…一​一​響 ​ i ^ ， ^ 響​. ** x x * 議 ^ 崎​,^ ^* ^ v ix * ^個 ​ v * ^ . ~ ， (^ ^ ^ * 化​勿 ​ iii 一 ​ i iii . ひ ​iv 鄉​. ^* . v ^ x ' ~ ~ ~ ^- 墨​ - ~ ク​ 二 ​ - ^ ^. . ^ ^ ユ​ 二 ​ - : ？， . ^ ~ . つ​. 一​一 ​ ほ​ぬ​ 爾​^ |"^ぶ​お​"？？ ^ ？お​ ^"-^ ^ まな​ぉ​巧​ ^お​~ ，：一 ​お​ ^ ？ ："， 泣​な​な​^ぶ​ = ^ お​ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ぶ​i"お​？お​？ "〜：だ​ ^ ^ * = お​ ？ 盟​i ぉ​ぷ​ 笾​ ？お​ ？综​ ？ ？ぉ​浩​ ^^~^ ： ^^ ^^^ = ：： お​ お​？ぶ​認​| ^お​^^ぉ​川​ ？袋​ ^^^ ^^ ： おお​ お​？ = 刷​^！!^撇​"" ^ ，一​ 丁 ) ？- . (^(^！!)^, i||^ iii^ # ^ ？ ^ ^ * ( x iii お​ ^ ほ​ * ^ ： 「 【 v "的​ ( ？ ^ 删 ​ ^ ^ ( ()^ ^ ^i * ^ ^"^ () "* x ^： ^ ""( * * * x ^ ^ * ^ ) ( \^ ^ ^ ^ 一 ​^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ？ ( ？ * ^ ^ 一 ​―| ^ ^ ^ ^ ま​， ^ x ^ 春​ , ^ ？ れ​ ー​墨 ​ , ^ . … , ？ . - リ​ , . ^ . . . 一​―', , 墨 ​し​ , . ね​|| ！" * * ^ * ^崎​一 ​^ ( 墨​墨​醫​—墨​—墨​墨​醫​墨​—醫​——醫​—醫​——響​響​響​.響​墨​響​響​—響 ​^ ^ * ―一​， x^ ^ 鮮​^^^^^^ * ^ ^ ， v^v^ ^ ^墨 ​iv ^* ^ ^ ――――― ^ ^ (^^！ ひ​――"――， v^ ^ ^-- * [嗣​ ――^ ^ v^ ―， ^ ^ ^ -. ^* v^v* . v^v^ ^ ――一​. ^v^ ^( ^ —響​響​響​…~響​響​—響​醫​…帽 ​睦​"' * ^ ^ ^個 ​ ^ ^墨​—墨​……—…—…響​-響​響​墨​― || ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^墨​…響​...響​.一​.拳​——一 ​ * [^ v v ^響​響​一​———一​—拳​…！國​リ​圍 ​ ^ )^ ^ # ^^ x ii -響​響​響​響​響​響​響​—響​響​響​響​拳​— %vx^；谢​！)!*(^)^^^^. ？v ^ 〜 ， ！^)^* # ^^(^？)^. ？v * * i ^&,嫩​（！))!)^(!!)^ ^ ^ 】 ^ ^ 'ゆ ​ . . | | ii . ii . . . . . ii . 權 ​ ^け​^ ゆ​ ^リー​お​ ^ ： る​ ゃ​ ^，段​，^^—&おお​眾​综​お ​購​^ひ​： x : ？； ^ ^ : ； ^^^^^^^ i ^ i 一 ​ ？ ~ -^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 墨 ​ i 醫​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^*^ 一 ​ i i i i | 嶋​ 醫​譽 ​ タ​ マ ​一​一 ​ 二 ​i i i ^ i i i 一​二 ​i i ^ i 一 ​i 一 ​ お​ ^ vお​ ^ 謂​ ^ ； ^ ^^^^ リー ​ 加​^ は ​ ^ #れ ​ ^か ​ ^ v xv ^ ^ i i墨​一​墨 ​ ^ * =^ ！？^け​^ ^ ^ れ​ぼは​^^^^は​は​ ^ お​ "^糊​ ^ ゆ​^^^お​^^^ ^ : ^^^^ & ^は​ i ひ​^お​^ お​ix お​. x ^^^^ i ^，^，お​さ​，， おお​ ！ - = リ​：リ​ ！ おお​^お​" は​ 一 ​^ ^ ^ ^リ​お ​^ * 川​"さ​" 一​-" 辦​"お​""" = 一 ​お​？お​^ ほ​：： ：爾​ で ​ - 柳​^ ^榭​ひ​.， (：劃​ ^ ) 。彻​()!!!!^, ) || # ^ ^ ^ ひ​ "けが​，ぉ​ リ​ ( * リ​iiお​： ^ ^* 一​一​. 丫​抑​"^)^ ^ (^ …響​- ^ (！， ^^ ^ x^ x ^一​. ^ ^ ……………一​—…— ^ ……一 ​^ \^ ^ ^x^, ( . ^ ^ x ？ ^ i | ^*^i…一​一​… ( ^ 響​———-一​一 ​ ^^i^- ^^ i^ ^ ^ & リ​。お​誦 ​ ^ ^ ( 墨​—.一​—響​.響​.響​—...—.删​…―響 ​ ^ ^ ，—————————————————墨​.————墨​響​墨醫​删​一​- ( * ゆ​————————————————響​—.醫​墨​删​一​墨​—墨​―一 ​ *^ 賴​^ * * ^ ( リ​ ivま​vお​） ^ ~ 墨​——―――――――――――墨​拳​響​.響​—拳​拳 ​ ) ^- &-. ！ v ^ 「 ( - ^ 矿& ^ ) * ) v * ) ^ ! 矿 ​(！！^ ^ iv & &(^(^ ^ ( ？ ^ ^！" ~ ^ ^ ^ x iii^ ^\ す​ ^ ^ ^ ，化​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ) ^ ^「 ， 加 ​ 「加 ​ 「お ​ ^ す ​ x ^ * \^ ^) 勿 ​ ^ * x ^ひ​i抓 ​ * ： ？ ^ ^ % ) ^ ^ ^ i ： お ​^ ^力​ゅ​为​ゅ​ ^ ^ ^ v ^ ， ^ ， ， ^ ， ^ ， ^ ^ .参​^^^'、 》(^ ^ ^ ^ & め​^ は​^. る​ - る​ る​ ひ​" ん​-^ 一 ​ ひ​ぶ ​ ' & ^ & ^ & ^ ん​ ^ & ^^ - . マ​ ^ & ^ & & シ​る​ .^ ^ ^^- . ^ ；？；"加​： ^ ^ ^ は ​ タ​ る​ ~ & ^ |？ | ひ​ ん​ひ ​ ひ​？ ^ ！ ^ & ii ひ​ 厶​ ゅ​ ひ ​サ​ - シタ​ * & ^ ^ あ​ぬ​ x ！ ^ 一 ​ お ​ 墨​ ^ ' i ^ ひ​ i ^ '！^ る​ ^ x . ^ . リ​ ^ ？ ^' ^ & & ^* ^- ^/ ^ ' ^ i ^ ^ ^ ほ​ i i タ​ 一 ​ i i i ^ ^ ：， ""リ​'リ​ 醫​ 醫​ * ， . * 乂​& | 一​一​ i i | | ~ ^ 一 ​ ^ ~ i ひ ​ ii ひ ​ i -^ ？ ^ 一 ​〔鹏​リ​ !^ 〜！！ * ( に​ 弒​ 八​ii一 ​ 丁 ) 屮 ， ^ ) ^ ， ( ^ ( ^i| iv^i^| (ii^x リ​ ) "ま ​ — 編​ * * 一— * - ^ ^ ^ * 響——..―響.響​響....響​拳-冊響-墨​通 ​^ ^ ^^ ^ x x ―* 一――一​……—……—……墨……… ^…——……一……一一一一一一墨一 ​^| ( ？ ^ ( ^ 響響―響—響—墨――響―――響———.——― ) * ―――― ――――…―…―― x 響響―――――"一​一​ ^^(！) ^ ， ( 一. ^ ( ^ ^ ( ^ ^，一​一​一​一 ​ ) (^(^考..墨​—墨墨—墨​墨—響響​響.響​響— ^ ( ^ ， ま ​ x ^ ^ま. リ ^ * ^ - …-一 ​ vii ( —響. 細お​ ^ i x i り​ ^ ( )^ ^v" | ^ ^ ^x ^x ^ 加 ​ ^ 丁邮 ​ . ， . ^ ^ ひ ​ 妙 ​ . ^ ^ . ？ ^ . ^ . i * ― vi * ！ v ぬ ​ ― . ？ | ， ^ , . . . v ^―― ^ ) ^響—響​響..響…... ^ | ^ ^ * + i 一 ​お​ ， ， 力​ カ 力め​力* 力 ​ ？ ， ？ ^れ ^れれれれ ​ふ^ ii ~ ^ 一 ​ . v x . ^^^ ^ ii ^ ！~ ^* ^ - ~ ~ マ ​ ^- ^^-^ ^^ ひ​ 力​ 》 "ん​ メ ​が​，. リ​ ^ れ​ァ ​ ^ ^ - ~ ^ & ^ ？ ^^^ ^ &ひ​ v ， - ，：」 ^ん ​れ ​ ん​ ^ i ii な​ る​ i ~ ，ニニ ​一一 ​~ ^ i ？ おお"は​"；^お ​お​ぼ"""^け ​ 墨 ​ 墨！ ？墨 ​^ x "力​〔 ^ 墨 ​二 ​， ' ^ ^ i 醫 ​ ^ ^ ^リ​リ^^ ； 醫.i i 尋​霸 ​i 醫 ​ ， ^ v 圍，ス ​ めタ ​， 醫 ^ ぬ​ ： 一 ​一 ​^ ^ ^ ^ i 一 ​ ' i 一 ​~ | 一 ​| ~ ^ ^ ^ 一 ​~ ^-^^ ^' ^ ^ ^/ # ！ ^ ；，に ​き​ ^- ^ お ​ ^ は 咖& 卿​ ，一 ​i i ^ i i ) ^ ) ^ ， ( ^！^! | ^^！ | ||| ^リ​ ||| リ​iiお​： - ^ ^ * 斷​，^ * ^ ^— ^ . ^ ^x ^ 加 ​ ^ ^！ 丁​加 ​丁​ぱ ​ ^ ^ ひ​ . ^ . ^ カひ​ . ^ タ​ . ^ ひ​ は​. ^ . * * 一 ​一​一 ​一 ​ 墨 ​一 ​ 一​一 ​一​墨 ​ ， ^- ) x ) —墨墨​響​-——響​墨​—響​響​――~—拳​—――拳​—― ^ x ^ ^ ) iii…一​一​一​一​一​― ^ ^ & 拳 ​^ ^ ^響​…響​響​-—考​響​—響​——— ^ ^ ) —個​一​一​， * i ― - - ii * ハ​. ^ | ^ ^ ， ， ^ | ^ 一 ​ 一 ​- | | リ​ ― ― 一​| ^ ^ ^ | お​ | ^ リ​ + ^ ^* ^^^^^^^^^ ^？;^ 鹏​？ ' ^ ，？ほ​ ？？おお​ おお​" ぱ​？ x ^ i，： 醫​ . ^- ひが​は​ぼ​&&ん​ ^^^^^ ' . 省​ . る​ ，^^ ^ ^ ^^ ん​ v "卜 ​ . ？ お​^^^^ . .ん​ け​^^ "認​^ ""お​眾​ぽ​""リ墨​お​^ v ~ ^ め​め​ ^ さ​^ ぉ​ん​ん​ん​ 麯​；？？； ^ * ~ ^ ， ， お​^^ ^お​ ぶ​お ​^ る​ る​ | ， ||| ， は​れ​は ​： お​？" ^ お​ 一​ ぶ​^？" ま ​一​ ^ 一 ​墨 ​一​ る​ ~ ；| "『： ^ 一 ​~ ， & ^ ^ 讲​ ^^^^^^一 ​爾 ​一​| リ​さ​"^ ぬ​^ 一 ​一 ​ ^ 一 ​墨​ は​リ​ 出​^抑​& 一​一​加 ​一​ ； 墨​ ひ​ ^ ？^？ 一 ​一 ​| 一​i墨​ """的​"" ， 墨​ ^ '^ ^ リ !^ひ xiv！ ^ ^ ^ iiー​ミ ​ 丁 & ^ . ^ ^ リ​iiiほ​ || ， ( x ^ * ( ) ^ ^ ( ひ^: - . * ^ ！)! )^, * ( ^v^ (^ ， ^ *^ * ^ ！！^, *^ ^為​ | ！ . ( ^ ^ 加 ​丁 ​ ( ひ ​ . . . ^ ( x ^* ^ . ， . ひ ​ . ， ^ ， ii | ~ ^ 一 ​― - 一" — 一 ​ | 一 ​~ ~ ― 一 ​， ― - - -" 一 ​― ~ … ~ - … - 響 ​ 一 ​| ^ ~ 墨 ​i i 醫 ​^ . ^ ^ ^ は​：" . i i冊 ​一 ​i i 墨 ​删墨​i i 墨 ​ 一 ​ ： i ， ： i - 化お​一二 ​一お"一"一一 ​ i i i 醫​醫 ​i i 冊 ​i i i 一 ​ ~ ^ ， 一 ​一 ​i ニニ ​i 墨.一 ​ i 響 ^^ ^^^ ^ ^"ゆ​ ， "ば" i ^ ^ ^ ^ i i - ，命 ​ - ， ， ~ 墨​墨​. . ~ 醫 ​| 墨​^ ^ 墨 ​ ？,ぶぶ，^ ゅ仍 ​ ^ (^ひ​ ^ 弒議".， ^ ^ ii一! 丁 ) "- . 抑​| ^ ) ！ # 。卿​お​ ) ^ ( ^ x リ​曲​： - . ^ ^ . ' . ， . ^ ^ . ひ ​ . ' . ' . ひ ​ . ^ ひ​ . ひ ​リ​"。。，& x x 一 ​ * ^ ^ ^ ^^ト​ *^ ！" ^ ^ vv v- ^^^) )^^^ ^ x ^ —墨​———————墨​————————――~ 晰​"， ザ​（^が​(^ v) | 墨​響​―墨​墨​— ――一 ​^ ^ iixii^( ,ヒ​^^(！, ( ^ ^一 ​i ^ ^ ！^(( ))^ ――――， ^^(！(^^) ！) ――――一 ​^ ^ 。 )^ ^ ^^！, —陽 ​ * * ( ^ x ^ 墨​響​—"―― ) ^ ^ ^ —墨​——墨​—墨​—拳​響​.――――― ^ ^ * ， ( ( ——墨​. ^ ――― ^ ^ ？墨​. (^^( ゆ​一 ​vii ，一​ i x ^- ) ) x ) x x ― リ​ ん​i ！， v (v ( 一 ​墨 ​ ^ 墨​....響​墨​醫 ​ ^ 墨​.—.——.響 ​ ^ ) ^ ――一 ​―一 ​ ^ 響​.墨​-墨墨​醫​. ^) ^墨​.————. ^墨​.—響​——―， v (！^ー^ 一 ​ ) . ^ ― ^^ ^ ― )^x ^ ― ^ ^ ― ) )^ v ( ^ iiiリ​ま ​^ - . . (^！^. . . . . v ^ ~ | ^ * . ) , , . ... , ( , "墨 ​ , * * … 饼​.(^^^州​―- ぉ​&脚 ​ . ... . ^ * ... , ！ お​ , 一 ​― , * … , . ... * * . ― , ^ ， 墨 ​ , v ^ ^ * ^ ，冊 ​ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ ^ * % ^ お​ お​ ^ さ​一 ​ ^ 一​ ^ i る ​ 一 ​ ) ほ ​ ^^^^^^ ^ ん​ルー ​ メ​&. ^ . i ぬ ​一​， i 一​ i 一​ ^ 一 ​^ 一​ 一​一​^:: (：は​ リ​ 丁 ^ ) - (^"。ひ​, || # ( ^ ^) ^ "卯​""リ​幽​： - . ^ -x iix(- ^^ )i^(i ^ * * —響​墨​響​.——響​.―――—響​————墨​響​響​響​響​響 ​^ ^ (^！!/^* ^ ^( * ………一​一​一​墨​. リ​ ^ ^ ^ ) 墨​一​-- ^ ま​——響​――― * iv ( ひ​—,,^ x ^ - i一​———一​一​—一 ​ * *^' ^ x ^ 個 ​i ， i ^) 響​—.…—. i ^ 墨​—.…墨​. i —響​.響​-—.. i 響​響​墨​響​…拳 ​& i^響​——響​-響​―墨 ​，^ ^墨​—墨​醫​墨​―響​. 「^ ^ ^―" . vね​一 ​ . . . . v x^x%. 」 ''』 丄​— ^ ^ ^ ^ ？ ^ ^ ^x ^ ^ ！^ 丁​^ . ^ . . . . * ， -- ---- - ^ お​ お​ * iii ぬ i ^ リ​ | な​ 拳​. る​ ^ る​ x . . | ？お​二​ん​？？ 二​-一 ​^ ^ 一​'一 ​ , ほ​ i 二 ​， る​i i墨 ​ ^ # リ​ ^ ：：け​^ ： ^ ^れ​^ ？^ . i ，， ゲ​^ ， , . ^ ， ： i ..： 一 ​. ，， ' ^ i ^- ^ v ^ ^^ ^ ^ ひ​ ^ お ​ ^^ ^ ，：，：i： ！ ~ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ，， ^ ^^^ まん​ ？ & ぁ ​ギ ​ - * . , お​. ^^^ i ^ る​ ま ​ i ^- ^ -^ i ひ​ 、、シ​、 ァ​，ひ​， * ^ . . ^ ；？； ^- る​ る​ る​ ~ ^^^ -^ ^ ^ し​おお​ ^^^^^^バ​^ ： ^^ ^^ め​^、 ，は​^^^^ , , ^一 ​^ ？ vォ​ や​ ^ ivほ​ ぬ​ム ​一​ 墨​ iめ​ ， ゥ ​^ ^ る​ゥ ​？ ぬ​入 ​ お ​ ぉ​ 一 ​ る​ ^ i ^ ひ​ ^ ^ x ^ 欲 ​ ：ひ​& * ひ​.ー​^ 搏​ii は​ x ^ ^ 棚 ​ x^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^/ ^ 一 ​ ^ i ~ ) 一​ メ​ . 〔ぼ​ リ​ 丁​隨​ 嫩​ . ^^v|)^ii^v, # ( ？ (！^: - . ^ ^ ^ 加 ​ ^ ^ ( x ^ ^ . . ^ (^x ^ ^x x 丁​( xi . . ) . ^ ^ * ) ^ ^ ^ ^- ( (^^((！^^)^^ ^ ^ x ( 一​一​一​――墨​-墨​-—一​.響​.一​…一 ​^ x ^ ^ x ―――一 ​―――一 ​ ——墨​響​—響​響​.. ( \^ (^ ―――， ^響​響​—拳​墨​-墨​響​.響​墨​墨​.墨​―墨​響 ​ ^ 一​—――――， ^ vぱ​， * ( ) ^ ^ . ―'iv * 脚​―――"― iv ( ^ リ​ ^ ^ viv ^ ^ ―" —^ — ^幽​- . . . . v ^ ^ ^ "， x お​" ^ | ね ​ 細 ​ 鶴 ​ ― i i綱 ​ i * ぬ ぬ ​ リ​ ぬ ​ ~ ― 醫 ​ i ~ ii リ​ 一 ​-辠​ | ^ | ^ ^ ^ ii お ​^ ^ お​^お​ ^ ^^^ ほ​は​幽​ii ； ぉ​；， ぉ​ 。 ^ お​？ ； ~リ ​お​^つ​ 溫​"；，^ ド​， ，ん​ ん​「一 ​^ ， ^ ^ ^ れ​ ： ： ：：：：：： ^ 一​ 一 ​i i ^ i i ： ひ​^ ^ ^ ：：： ひ​：ニ​ ^ ，， ^ ，， ,墨 ​ - ~ i 一 ​ (^ ？ . ^- ^ v & ^^ ^ ^ i？ ^ ^ ^ ~ ^ ^ ) な​ る​ 一 ​~ ， ii，， ， タ​ ， ！ ^"は​ は ​ リ​^功​^ゆん​& .^^^^^^ ひ​^^ | ^ ず ​i ？ ？ 一 ​ &， 謝​i リ​ ぬ​？ ^ はお​ : ^ - ：：？^ ， ^ ^ 墨​ は​ひひ​； め​： ^ ぉ​？ ； | : : ^ぬ​： ^ ^ 一​一​一​ ^ ， ^ i^ & ^ ii一 ​ ^ 鹏​ ^ * ^讲​" 誘​リ​ 丁 ^( 丁​。" ^ . | ^#洲​!)!!!^, viii ^| x !!) リ​ | | リ​曲​： - . iv ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 、^ x ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 丁 ​ ^ ^ ^ . . は​ は​ . . . . . . xi . . v^ v^ * x ^ 丫​ ~ ~ ^ ) x^ ' 秦 ​ iiii ！ vii i は ​ 一 ​ i * ^^^ け​^^ 響​ 響​i . '^ ^^ひ​ 门 ​镏​" 一 ​ お​" 塌 ​ i ， 響 ​：リ​ = ：は​ . x & ， ^ 墨​— 墨 ​ァ​x！'ァ​.，ァ ​ii， 響 ​ | | | i ， i ^ i ^ 一 ​ お​は​ i & 一 ​一 ​x . ^ 一 ​i ，墨 ​卿​^ ，ぬ​ ~ | |丄 ​ ^ ，シケ​ i ； ^ -^ & ^ ^ ^ . i ^^ ' ' る​ ？ ぁ​ '"つ​" ； ii ^ ^ & ^^ ^^ ^^ # . ひ ​#ふ​ る​ ゥ ​^ & ^ ^^^ * & ^ ii ^* ^ ^ ぉ​ '^ ~ - ^ マ​ ^"お​" お​ ^"でぶ​ほ​。 ^ -^ ^'^ ^'^ ^ な​^ァ​ ん​ん​^ ？"は​： 艮​ん​^ほ​ ？ . .ん​ ^ ^ ^^ば​ . vi ~ ^^^^^^^ . ぬ​^; ^: ， ， ^ # 瞻​i墨​ .墨​ ^ ^ ^ 一​ ひ​リ​^^ぬ​的​ ？？| ^ 。 ^ ^- ^ 墨​ な​ i ^ 一 ​| ^^^^^一 ​ & ^ ^ i & 墨​ ！ 一​ ^ 墨 ​ お​ i タ​ - ？ iで ​i ぶ ​ れ​^ ミ ​ 鶴​ひ ​囀​ #ね ​ i 一 ​ 』 「i- 她 ​ま ​一​一​.き ​一​i 加​^ 一 ​一​！ 一​… ！ お ​ョ​ リ ​ -お ​^一​一​一​一 ​一​一 ​一 ​i i】^ ョ​ ぶ​ii一 ​ー​ョ​】 】 一​i： .一 ​一​？』一​… 一​iる​ ii^^附​^^^^^^^か​^^ お​ ^^おぶ​^ i 二 ​i 。 ) - ，。(""！^,リ​龜​ ^ ， ( 门​ ^！^^'!!!^ \^ ^リ​iiお​： - . リ​ ^ * ( ^ '^ ^ ) x ^ . ^！^-柳​抑​ ( ^ ^v^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^〜 ^ ――一​" ^ 一​——一​響​墨​一​一​—一​一​———一 ​^ ^ |( ^ ^ ， ( ― ^ ？ ^ ^， ，。^ お​— ^ ii * ( \^ ほ​ポ​。 x x v & ^， * * ^ ^ ^ ~ ^ ^ ， ^ゆ​， 幽​- ^ ^- . ^ &— ^ ^一 ​ ^ - . v 『 ^ ^ ， ^ ^ ^ ― *^ )^ ！ ^% ^ (^^^(^ ^ v ！ ^ ！ ^ ^ ^ ^ x ( 墨​.墨​墨​響​. . vね ​ . . 國​ v [！ ^ ――――――――― ^ 響​——墨​————響​響​墨​———墨​—墨​墨​―響​―一​—一​一​.. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ？ ^ ^ ^ 加 ​ x ？ . . . . . . . . . . . . ！ ！ 秦​ ？ ^ ^ % | ^ お​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ，。晌​，^. ？ ^ ザ​ ^x ^ ^ 岭​お​。，呵​卿​. i * リ​ & 國 ​ ， リ​ — 響 ​ お​，；， る​"圍​| ^ i ^ ^ ^ ほ​v ，！ 眷​ ^ れ​^ ： ： ：： 一​二 ​. |ニ ​， ， ： ^^お​： . ~ - れ​ & *" ァ​ ^ ^お​^ひ​^; .& . *^ ， サ​ 孓​に​ に​に ​ ^ ぁ​は​ぉ​ ゅ​は​^^ ん​ ^ ァ​ひ​は​：： - ~ ，， ；； ^ ^ す​ル​ ぬ​ タ​ ア​ &ん​. ； ^ ひ​ ひ​ ^ ^ i ^ ^ ~ - 一 ​ ，， 一 ​~ ^ 粉 ​ 一 ​ i 墨​ ひ ​^ - 一​墨​ お​^お​^";^咖 ​^ド​ ^ ― ひ​ ^ i タ ​ viii | i iで ​ vi 加 ​ ト​ i ^ ，xお ​ - *昍​& ^ * (：は​ リ​ 丁^ ) れ​(^(^^ # ^ ^ ！。" | ！" "糾​—。 v/\^ \ %^ \^ ) * ^ ^ 丫​ね​ ^ 丁​ぱ ​ . ひ ​ま ​ . ？ ^ . ひ ​ . ^ 丁​加 ​ . ， 脚​^ ^ (！^, 加 ​ ^ . ^ . ひ ​ ^ ^ ^x . ^ ^ ( x ^ ^ ^ ^ x . . . . . . 【 ^ vvi|i!^ ^ v ^ 。 ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ^* ^ 鋒 ​ * . … , * . ノ ​^ . , ^ . . , ^ & . ( , ^ , ^ お​ , 一 ​ , * * 一 ​& , * ― , * . . . * . . . 了​ ^ ~ ^ ^ ？ ――――――—一​—— * ^ ？ ^ x ^股 ​ |viix(^ ^^i )^^ ^ ^ * ———響​..————墨​—響​―一​—...—――― *^- ^^ ^ ( ^ —響​————..—————金​—――――――― ， x —————響​——^^―――響​—墨​————墨​—―—————―—― ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^ 環 ​ お​ ^ ，" x ^ ^ ^- な​ ^ ふ ​ る​ひ​&'ひ​ ァ ​ & ^ お ​ - ^ ？ &シ​ る​や​ ぽ​忠​忠​ぉ​ぽ​ぉ​忠​？ | ^ . &;;お​^^ぬ​^ ^け​^ ？ ^ i お​^^ ^ リ ​^ #^ ^ ， ^ ^め​，^v， ^ ， ' - ^ - お​ るる​ ^^^^^^^^^^^ぬ​ ^ ん​ ^^^^^"^^^^^^^^^^ は​ ^ ^ ^ ？ i ^ ^ ^ * ~ ^ & ii ^リ​助​ リ​^ぬ​^ ^ ~ ^ 一 ​~ ^ i響​醫​響​響​ ~ i - i & に​' ^ ^ 墨​ i i は​^" ：^ ii . v ，ii ^^ ^ ^' + ： ^ i i i 一​一 ​一​一 ​一 ​一 ​ ^ う ​ ^ ~ ？ ~ 一 ​一 ​^ ~ ： ： ~ iv ~ す ​ に​）：」 ^ ひ ​ ^ i ！- ？ジ​は​： 墨​ 一 ​ぬ​^ ^ 一 ​i 一 ​i 一 ​一 ​一 ​~ 一 ​一 ​一 ​~ 一 ​一 ​一 ​ ^ ； 穴​刺​ ^ ^ ^ ^醫​ 醫​& る​ ^i響​墨​ ？ ^ ぉ​だ​ レ​i し​ 〕 お ​ つ ​ 墨​ |化​っ​マ ​「 ' ^ ； ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - i i 墨​響​墨 ​ ^ ^^ ^ ^^ ^ ！は​は​& ！「^ なん​ .^ ^& ^ ^は​& v ~ ' i - リ​"ひ​ リ​ひ​^ : ^ ^ ^ ^ 嘛​ . i i * ； ； ^ ^ 匪​る​ ~ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ . ひ​霧​.& れ​表​ - - ^ ？ ^ ， ^ ^ ^ : 力​ iマ ​ ^ ^^ ^^|~ ' v "ね ​ ^ !^ ^八​ "に​リ​.，ミ​"""一​，: 丁 ) \^ 。彻​ぉ​!!^,リ​! # ( ^ ^ * ^ ^ リ​ リ​ ：お​ぎぬ​ ^ * リ​ 霧​ || |||^ ~ . . ， 【 ひ ​ . . . . . . 【 ^ "糊​^ * ^ ^ * ^ ^ ) ^ ( ^ ？ ^ ^一 ​ ？ ^ 墨 ​ . iii % ] & ^ * ^* ~ ^ .？：し ​ x ^ "― 力​ ~つ​ ' . マ​ ^'^ ^ ^ ^^^^ 一​お​^^ ^ る​ ii i - -~ x ^ ^ . ，タ​ ^ は​ ひ​ ， ^^^^ 墨​ ？ ；カ​ ^ ^ だ​"『 力​ i i 一 ​ ？"^ゆ​お ​^ ；ん​ ； ' る​ ト​ i , ^ .^, . v - | xv ^ 力​" ' ！ -^ ^ i ， ~ も ​ リ​？"は​ ^ &ん​ .緣​ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i る​ i -^ ゆ​父​ ^^ひ​ .ん​ ^ ^^ - *州​^^ ， ^ ^ 丁 ^ 丁 & 《 ぉ​ 仃​，リ​!iiほ​曲​"， ( ^ ^！ !!^^ リ​ ""门​ リ​ お​ ^リ​ ^ || || ^ ^ ~ ^|^~ ^ "に​ュ​|^^^ 广​わ ​ . 加 ​ . 加 ​ . 加 ​ . . . . . ひ ​ ，" 一 ​… … ― … &ト​"〜 v〜も ​ 一​， ""！ ^ ―" ま​刀​&け​，"一​ ：： ^ さ​:;，.一​ . . . ， . . ぬ ​ ， 矗 ​ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … … ii v v … (― ― ― か​ "の​ ― -― ( リ​^ ^マ ​ ^ ^* … … ^ … ^ 攝 ​ 鶴 ​ ^ ^ ^ . ま ​ . ( * ^ま​^ ^ ( | ^ ^ ^ 丁​加 ​ * . . . . . . . ，" ^ ""り ​^ ^ .〜一​ ぜ​". ^ ^ に​ ！ ^ ：さ​ め​ "リ​づ​抓 ​〜的​的​""一 ​一​ |ト ​"ト​v ^ ^ . ^抓​リ​ め​一​。一 ​ . "！ "-圍 ​ ^ め​" . . . . . . . . . . . . . "(&ど​さ​""抓​ マ​ 『―.一​"お​" v … … … … … … … v， 謂 ​ ^ ^ ぬ ​ ^ 【 蘭​。" 【 お​。" ^ ""嶋​】 ^ x ^ x * —墨​.———―――――――響​—墨​拳​響​—— x ^一​墨​—醫​響​——一​.響​-響​—響​拳​響​.響​.拳​響​—響​—— 【 「"抑​ ^ ^！^】 矿 ^ . . ^ ^ ) ^ ―圍​—―一 ​^ 霸​(！^, viv^ ^^ ^^( ^ ， ^ ) ^ i ，"^ ^^^^^^^( ^ ^墨​. v腿 ​ 墨 ​ 墨 ​ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ タ​ -タ​ タ​ 一 ​ ^ ^ ^^ * 力​ 、 カ​め​，化​ ほ​， ，ほ​， ふ​ ゆれ​ ^ ？ぬ​ - 做​ ん​^に​ぼ​， ^ * び​^リ​ 丁 ^ 丁 ) ふ​。咖!)!!!!^, ^ # | ^ ^ | ^ || ||| リ | | リ​ ^ \^ ^ v ^ ^ ( ( ^ 化 ​ ( ^ ^ iii ^！^ *—!(!) ^ 丁​ x？ ( ) ^ ( 丫​ ^ ^ . ひ ​ . ^ x … … "《& ―"み". ま^^ * )^ ^ 一-. ，"： ， 一 ​ ^ ね ^ー ​ '(？：： ^ . 酌​ *^ . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . 讓 ​ 霞 ​ さ​ ほお​《《抓​ "お​~.ま醫^き​ト​祭 ​ * "義 ​ ^ ^ ^ "嶋​ 【 ^ "脚​^ 〜 ぬ!^ % ^] x ^ ( 〜糊​^ ^ ( ( ^ |v()v- ^^) ^^^ ^ 響.響..響.墨.墨.響響拳​―響響—響​響​—響.墨響 ​i^ )(v' ^^ )^^( ^ ^ ^ 響​—響——..—.墨​墨.—.—響​響――――醫​響-響 ​^ i -^ ————— 一———————————————一———————————一—一 ​ *^ . ^！^— . ^ . . v ， ^ ) x ――――響.響​響響 | i * ^' ^^ )^^^ (！^...... ^ ( 门 ​で" ，,，- ！ ！ i i i ， ， ， ^ & ^ ^ も ​リー ​ *硎​^ ^ ^ ^ ) 丁!^ひ​ ) "ふ​ ^ || # ) * ^ / ^ ^ ^ ^リ"^鶴​ ^ ( 。離​リ​ x ^ ！^鹏 ​ ^ ) * ^ 搬 ​ ぬ ​ ぬ ​ ^お​ \ 、 . * ， . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . ^ . . . . . * xi | 一 ​， 一 ​ ぬ 一 ​^ 铸 ​ % 【 ^ ^ ^ 【 - i ^ 】 , ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^！!^.醫響響​響響響​響響墨​響​響響墨​響​墨​― 墨墨墨」 x 一.響...響—響—響​墨​響—墨. ，， * め​ め，， i i鬣變^ 謡リ​ !^( ^リ​^ ^阁​ひ.， ^ ^ - 丁 ) 屮​ ， ivv^ivi |i, &！^)!)!!!^, ^ "的"。"^i|^iii^* | ^!i^ ^ x リ​ * ： - . にー ―"^， ―胃​|^ * v ( ― * /^ - ， . ^ ―――， ――― ^ ―――， v * ^ ―^ ) vは​^ ^ / * - * ( x ^ ^ ― x ^ ， & * * x )^( x (x v * * —―一————響​墨—— ^ | ^ | —墨墨​——墨​響響—删​—————―墨稱響​墨​墨—拳響——響​墨—— x *^ ^^ * * ―――――― v ^ ^ ( 墨—―――墨​墨————————————―~ ( ^！^*)!!)——"—拳— v | | ^ ^ ―――-一​一​一​一 ​ * *^ ^ *^ * v * 響​響​響​響…—…—響———…—- ( ^^ ^ * ^ ^ ^* 墨​墨​響——墨​墨墨墨​| /^x ^/^ ^ ^ ――――― ――^ ^蘭​iv& 拜 ​， ^ ^ * 斷​拳響​一一 ​一-一 ​ ^ ― v^^^ ^* ^ v * ^ x 賺 ​ . * 一. * ―――――――――――― * ^ …墨…一一一一一"一一一一. ……一……一一…一…. …一一一—…一一—墨…… ^ v ^ —…—一一一一一一一…一一. は​ * 觀 ​， ^ * ^ x * 一 ​—お ​！ 一​冊​i& ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ / ^ ^ 一—————拳響.響 ​ . v x ^&i ？ ————曙— . v ) ^「 ^ 響響​―一—一* ^ ^ ^ 丁加 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^^ x . ひ ​ . ^ . ^ . ， . ^ . ひ ​ . ' . ， . ^ . ひ ​ . ？ '！ な​ 一 ​ ~ ^- ^^ タ ， 一 ​^^^^^^^ ？"め^ ん​ ^ & 醫醫 ​| ^ ？ ^ ？ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 一 ​一 ​ . i ^ ^ ^ ぷ​ ^ *^ 匿​墨​ ^ ひ ​ * & ^ ^- ^ 一 ​一 ​ i i ^^ - る​ ^ ひ. ？ & る​ i & 的​ "せ& ひ​ . & ， i 一 ​^ ' タ ​i ^ * る​ i . まひ ​& ^ ^ ^ け^^ - : - は- お​ 明​ ~ 一 ​ i i ^^x & ^* i ^ . る​ . ， & ^ ~ ^ ^ ^ ^ 一​お" -- ^ ^ : ^ : ！リ​ ^^ & も​ ，し. タ​ *^ ~ . 一る​一 ​ ^ ^ i ^ ^ ^ & ii ^^ ^^ 一 ​ ^ *^ # i 一 ​ る​ ^^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^ v 一 ​ ， 處 ​ ~^^^ お"^お ​おは​ 鴨 ​おは​謂^^^^^^り ​^ ~^^^ ゆ ​捐​ はお^^ ^ |； ，リ- 一 ​i ^ i ^^ 墨​ i も ​墨​ 一 ​i 」 一 ​ズ ​ 一 ​ "^^^ 一 ​ - ^ ^ 嵋ひ" リ​ 丁随​ 丁​曲​屮​ト​. ii i^*iiivi, リ​，！)!!!^(, ( ^ ( ( x ^ ( ^ ^ ( リ​"ね​： - . * * ^ ――――――—墨 ​ ――――—―― v * ————響​響​——響​——響 ​ ^ * iii& ^ ^ . "一 ​ —― ―― は​ ―， * 一 ​ ^ ^ * v ^ i 一 ​：^ ( ――― ！( ^^ —一​響​—…一​, ^ ！^ * v ^ ―- v ^ ^ ！)^^()())((!―'―――――響 ​ ^* ( ^ ( ()！( ! "！^(^!)響 ​ v ^vii )i^^* ( ( ， ^ ^讀​!)一 ​ v ^ &*^ i ^ ^*(！^^響​響​-響響​.響響​響​一​.響​拳​響​.醫​墨​響​響​響​響​響 ​ 議​ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^ ^ * 一 ​一​…一​一​一​一 ​^ ^ ^ ―響​一​一​一​-響 ​ x ^ . 丫​^ 外​,^^^ *^x ( ( x 加 ​ 加 ​ ( ^ . . ^ . . ， . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ( ( ^ . ひ ​ . 謂 ​ iii iii i i * 一 ​ ^ 畑​は​ 站​ ^^ ^ |ぬ​ お ​ ダ ​ 一 ​は​ ^ v ^' 一 ​i . 一 ​ュ​ ^ & & ？ & 響​ 醫​醫​ ^ 一 ​^ ^ お​的​ ^ ^一 ​一​ .一​は​は ​^^^^ - ゅ​リ​^ ^ :^ 一​， . あ​, ， 一 ​一 ​~ る​ 一 ​i - ^ 響​ 一 ​ .， ^ ^ ^ i ；？ひ​^^ ^^ ~ ^ ^ 醫​ . 醫 ​^ ： ： ： ：：：お​ ー ​は​：？？權​？ ；；？肩​ ~ ^一 ​けけ​ 一 ​ タ​ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ | 浏​.^ 'る​ る​ る​ ？一 ​ 一 ​一​： 一 ​一 ​^ ：""： ^^^^ ^^ぬ​诉​ リ​^的​お ​^^^^鳴​ は​ 韓​^ も​ ii : "お​-墨​墨​ま​ "- ：！ 一 ​：：：：：：：：：：；； i ， ？， i ， ， め​ タ​ 一 ​~ ^ あ​ る​ゥ ​^ ^ ^^ ^ — - ， '&ゅ​ & ' & ふ​# ふ​.& ^ & i ひ​*- * ^ i 一 ​ 醫 ​ ァ​ ユ​ ^ ^ - ^ る​ ' 墨 ​ひ​ /^ ひひ ​ ？ か​^' . &&" ^ ^ i タ​| 一 ​ は​ぬ​抓​ : | ，！ 一 ​ 一 ​ タ ​ ，や ​ ^ 隨​ 柳​^ "！ひ​.， ^ - 丁 ) ^-！. ！ |v^ し​^ ) ) ^ i ^ ^ \ リ​翻 ​ - ^ v ) ^響.響.響響響​響.墨.響. ^ x & .. ^ ^\ ― * ^ v ―――― i^難​ ^ ^ ―――――' ^ ^ ^ ^ ― ― ( 響—...—.———…卜 ​ ^ ( れ​- ^ ^ * ^ ，v *^ ―――――響一​響 ​i ) ) ^ ) ^ (^ ^ v ^ ^^ * ) 拳...^響墨 ​ *^ v *^ ^ ――—一​―響-—", ^ ^ (^ ^ ^ )( *!!^)—響* ^ ―― 一​は​ ^ し ​？ 丁 ​ ^ ^ ( ^ ( ^ ( x ^ ^ * . ^ . . ^ . . ひ ​ . . ひ ​ . ^ ひ ​ . ひ ​ . . ^ . ― ― ― * ^^^^ ^ ？ 化 ； 一 ​南 ​： 一 ​ 一 ​ ^ = i ^ - ぉ： お​ は ​^ 一一 ​i 一 ​一 ​一 ​一 ​-钉​一 ​ : お^ 椒​ ；加​ひ​ け​鹏^^リ" "リ​一 ​一 ​， 一 ​ ^^は^ ぬ^ - 一 ​一 ​一 ​^ ^ほ​は^ ： ii ^ ^ i i ^ ^ "リ​一 ​一 ​一 ​！^. ^^^^ - "-： ~ ^ x おぬ​| け​ 一 ​似 ​ ^- ~^^^ ^ 一 ​一 ​一 ​お^ ^ け？ ^お-け^ ^ ^ ：：：精ニ： - ^- ぬ​^ ？ -效ぬ​ 一 ​ ^ i i i 一 ​一 ​ ^. ^ 一 ​| ； 一 ​一 ​一 ​^ タ​ ， 一 ​ 瞻​ - 一 ​一 ​ ^ ^ ^ 瞻​ &ク​墨​ 一 ​ * 一 ​ - 柳​榭​ひ.， 誘リ​ 狄​ひ​ 丁 ) - ， ii i^i!ii |i# &!" ) ^ ^ x ( ^^^(！)^ ^ ( リ​iiお​： - . * * ^ 一​-一​醫​響 ​ ―一​" ―— v * ― ^ * ―― ―――― ―……― ――――― 墨 ​ ！' ―— * ^ —…一​- * ( ( ^ * vお​ivii^iii ^ ^ ！& ^ ！ v ^^ ^ ^ ^) ^ x ^ - v ( ) ^ 拳​—―――一​—醫​響​響​墨​響​響 ​ 粗​職​viii ^ * ^麵​賺 ​了​^ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ^* ^ ^ ^ ？ 站 ​ ^ . ^ . ^ . ^ . シ​ . ， . ^ . . ^ . ^ ^ . ひ ​ * 一 ​ ^ - ： -^: ひ​ ^^け​- 一​ ：^ 一 ​一 ​お​^ ？ ^ ^ リ​：~ リ​ i i ， ， i i 一 ​i 醫​醫​墨 ​ ： ， 醫​ 墨 ​ 墨​~^^^ ^ ~^ 墨​ 一 ​墨​ 一 ​さ​一 ​ i i i ~ 一 ​ ^ i ず​ 一 ​ ず​ i ， ^ ： ~ ^ 一 ​一 ​ お ​，お​ - - お ​ i i ^^^^^^^ "^^^ 一 ​ ^ : ぶ​^ ？？^一 ​は​ お​^;^の​；^ : お ​一​^ 墨​ ？ 一 ​ ；^^ ^ ぬお​？？お​^^^^^ 一 ​は​一 ​醫​& ひ​i ぼ​も ​ ^^ ぉ​ &' v預​ぉ ​一​ ' み​タ ​ ' * ^ ^ v ^ リ​ 隨​ ^! ^ # ^ ^ ^ - 丁 ) 屮 ， ivv^i^i^|i# ^^ &^, ( | ^！ | (|| * リ​挺​ - . )^ 一​—一​. ―一 ​ ―― v 響​——―響​響​響​―響​響​響​—き ​i ―― * (^ ， * ， * 墨 ​ 圍 ​ * ― * ^ * ^ ( ^ i ^ ( ――― | ^ v v ^ x ! ——墨​—――響​—墨​——―— i ( v ) ^ ) (！) * ^ ――――――― ^ | | ^ ^ v i？ ^ ―------ ^ * . ^^^！^, ^ ――――――墨​—墨​響​—― ^—…——……一​一​一​響​一 ​ ^ …一​--—-…… ^ ^ ^ x ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ 加 ​ ^ ( . ' . ， ^ . ひ ​ . ^ . ^ . ^ ^ . . . . ― ~ ― ~ v(^ ) ^ ^ ^ ――― ――――― ――― ――― * ^ ^ ， ！ー​― 爾 ​ x ぷ​ ？ 眾​？？ け​！ -" 輔​ ， 諾​ ^ぱ​ 監​ジ​ 一 ​お​さ​ 一 ​ * vi i ぽ​想 ​ : 引​ -^ ひ​ ^ ？； ^ひ​？ ぬ​は​ひ​，^^は ​^ i メ ​禱​? 一 ​ 響 ​一​ ， ^は ​一 ​ 溫​諾​ ^ ^ ^ ^^お ​ ^* ク​ . ~ : ^抑​^ ^^^^^^^ | 力​^リ​^ね​ ^ぬ ​ . ^ ^ぬ​^" さ​お​^^ ^ け​- v一 ​一 ​ は​ ^？^ が​ ， か ​ ^/^ ^ 一​ ^ i ' ま ​ ^ x ^^は​ひ​ ？一 ​ お​ ぷ​^^ 一 ​ お​"一 ​ ^^^^^^^^^ ぬ​ ^^ ？ ^ i 蒙​は​ ！ "お​^^加​ひ​，お​一 ​ 一 ​ i れ​： ひ​^^ れ​ - 柳​^ ！^., ^ ！^ 丁 ) が​. リ​ | ョ​ ^ ( ) リ​曲​：， - ^ * 了 ​ x ^画​ ^ ^ ―― ―― 一​-響​一​一 ​ —ま ​ |^| | ――一 ​ ^( x ―――墨 ​――—―――^ ^ ^ x v ) ( 一​. 墨​―一​拳​——— —響​墨​一​. i v ( i ^ ？！ ！" ^& ) ^ ) | ^ ( * ( v v ^ ^(^ ―-一​一​一​一​-- ^/^ ^ v [！^% ^！^!) v v )^ ) , 響響​響​響​- 脚​鶴​iv& 峰​戶​一​一​一​一​…一​一​一 ​ ^れ​vび ​ | ^-. 〜ー​.i * ^^ ――一 ​歸 ​ ^ * ^ ― ―…一 ​ ―――― ― v 一​. ^& ―――― ( (^ i ) ……一​―墨​— ^ ^ / i . ^^ ^ )||| . v * ^ ) ^ ^ ^ —響​' ^^ ^/^^ iv ^((！!)^ "き ​ . v ^ ^ 響​一​一​ * v ( ) ^ ー ​――― i iii 霍 ​ i 一 ​ i i i ，- 一 ​ 一 ​ i i ^ &な ​ 一 ​ほ​ 一​ 一 ​ ，& i 一 ​i ^ ii：： i 紫​お​ ？ ？ほ​ 一 ​ぷ​ ^ 忍​； 丄​ : ？仍​^^ ？ け​-: = * ！ ： ^^^ ^ は​眾​忍​お​^『 ， お​？ おお​x^第​應​ |^^|一​一 ​な​,；； v . ひひ ​ ぉ​ぽ​忍​？ ほ​^？墨 ​志​？；"x， ""- ：忠​巧​認​だ​ ""さ​-ぶ​^ お​".^ ^墨 ​ ぶ​ 叻​ ^ 巧​" i ^ |？『？""， iお​ iさ​"^ 盟​さ ​ ：： ！ カ​^^ - ^：リ​ ^： & ：；； & & ひ ​ * ま​.^？^"-"ぶ​一 ​i で​ な​ぼ ​ ^ ^^^^^^ お​^ ^ お​^ ^^^^^ * ^ ^ v ： ： "^^ ： i ^ ぬお​一 ​i i i ^ ^ ぽ​ i i i i 肇​，，i は​， ^ | ^ は​？ ^維​ "：^ ^ ， ~ は​リ​ ；：^揪​ ， 一​ 。； 一 ​び​リ​ ^ひ 柳​^ に​"ゆ​" ^ ^ - 丁 ) 屮​ . ^"し ​； ^ x^ リ​^叫​リ​幽​： - . ！一​一 ​^^ * iii& ^ ^ ―― ―――， ―"――， ^ v ― * v ) ！^^^ *^ x ^ ^ ――― ||^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ & * * 眼​而​iii& 肝​―――墨 ​ ^，お​，vi？ ^^) |^iv ―――― お​ ， * ^拔​—― ^――.――― 〜 * ――― ―： v囀 ​ ^ ( ^ ^ / ^ . ―― ―― ^ ^ ^ ，お​ ^ ， x v * * * * )^ * ii*^ *( i一 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ――一​.一​一​― ^！# | ^ ^^ ――"― ^ ^ x^ ^ x * ^ ~ . v ^ ^ ^ (！)( ^ ^ * ^一​-" . v ^ ^ ^ ""！( ^ ^ ^ ^ v *^* ―――"―一 ​|| ^ . v ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^x ぱ ​ ^ ^ ( ^ ( ^ | * * . ^ . . . . 一​一 ​vむ​ i i お​，^^ 一 ​^ぱ​ おお​ ？ ^ ま​ お​^^"^ ^ お​ iお​ ^ ^ お​ "お​一 ​"？? ぉ​ひ​勞 ​一​ ""^^^"は​ お​ 一 ​おお​ "^お​ ？お​？ ^ ^ ^ 一​一​一 ​は​ ^加​ ！？ ^ ぬ​ め​^ 一 ​^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^ : お​ 一 ​^リ​ &さ​^お​ ^ ひ​ぶ​ : ？ ？： ぬ​^^^^ ， ~ - ：：は​^ ：？^ ^ ^^^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^功​^^^ ^ ^ リ​扣​^ ぬ​？ ^ ^ :^ ^ ？；リニ​お​ ^ ；は​； ^ ^お​- &;? ^^: ^^：： ^^^， ^^^^ ぬ​&リ​^^^ ？： ^^^^ ^ ^ .おお​ x ^^ ^ぶ​ぱお​ 一​^一 ​ め​- ？？？ "は​^一​ぶ​^ ^^お​ ぽ​ 一​お​-^お ​ あ​^^^^お​ ？ ^^^^ ， 一 ​一 ​ ？&リ​？^^ ^^ i ^ : ^ : ？ ~ ぬ​リ​は​^ : ^ ^^^^^ ？？は​ ^^^^^^^ ii や​ず ​ タ ​ ^ & ^ ^ ^: お​^;;; = ^め​~ ^ ^^^^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^ i "^ぬ​ - : ？？ぬ​^ 一 ​ ^^^^^^ ^ ^ ？ ^ 一 ​一 ​ ^^^ ^お​^神​^ ^ x ^ は​" 一​^ は​ |？ ^ 墨​ ^ ^： ^^^讓​ ^：！ は​巧 ​ i ま ​ - * ^ 丁​曲​"- ， ！ ！|！"，# & し​ ^ ^ ^が​"眯​""リ​曲​： - . 了 ​ x v！画​|寒​矚​ ^ 賺​ iii& ―… 一​一 ​響​一​一​——一​一​— ―――― * 一 ​ . ―――― ^ ―― 賺​鶴​ * ) v ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ― |^^ x 響​一​一​一 ​|||^園​i ^ ( ^ 響 ​ x 叠​.響​響​-墨​響​令​墨​墨​醫 ​ ^ * ^ ^ iv v ) * ( (^ ^ ( ^ / ^ ―一​一​一​一​-一 ​ v (！^(！*)* (^ ) ^ ^ ―響​.響​醫​響​響​響​醫 ​ v * ^ !響​醫​響​—響​-—響​響​—-響​響​墨​響​墨​響​墨​響​醫 ​ ( "！xx i ) ^ ！))(^!)響​響​…響​... * * iii& ^ ―――― * ^喊​vび​ —， * & ^響​響​響​響​響​—響​墨​拳​響​—墨​- お​ . ^一​———— おお​"― v ―響​令​響​響​墨​響​.響​.響​..醫​墨​響​墨​.墨​響​響​醫​"拳​―― * ^ き​， ， ^ . —一​——— * ――一​. * ^ ^ .. 響​-一​. ―― v ^ ― ^ * * ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ || ^ x ^一​^^ * ^ ^ ^ x i \^ ^| ^ ^ x ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ . . ^ . . . . . i辦 ​ i * i繊 ​ ^' & - み ​ メ ​ ，& & ぶ​ ？尋​二​""一 ​ . ^お​-は ​ ^^：？ ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^ お​狄​^^ ^ほ​^ ^ ！ 墨​ ， 一 ​一 ​一​一​一 ​ ^ i i 一 ​| iぽ​ ひ​i i i 墨​...^ i i i ， 尋​i i 雄​ン​i， i"ぷ​" 一​一​~ ^^^ 一 ​i 一 ​i i i 一 ​i ^ i. 一 ​一 ​一 ​ 一 ​一 ​i i i i ^ 一 ​ ：！ ： 二​一 ​：： 冊​脚​- 一 ​ リ​ ：墨 ​一 ​一​一 ​ * i x 一 ​一 ​一 ​ i i i "ゆ​i お​ ぬ​外​^^^ 一 ​一 ​^一 ​|ぬ​ 節​ だ​は​| ぬ​ ^ |^？^ ぬ​な​^ ~ が​ぬ​ ん ​ ん​，ぉ​ゲ ​ ^ ^ ^ は​ ；^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ * ^は​？； ； ^^^^^ ぬ​ぬ​^ ；^お​ひ​^ ^ ひ​^^ x ^ ひ​ 一​一 ​け​ "ぬ​^は​？：；け ​ レ​. ！i &は​膨​^^お​^ お​^^^^^ ' 'せ​ ァ​す​ ^ おお​ ？お​^^ぬお​は​^^^^^ は​は​^^^ぬ​ ^ゆ​お​^通​^^れ ​^^お​ 〜？ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^~ 一 ​~ お​^^i ^ ^一 ​ "ぷ​ぶ​？ ^ ^ ^^^^^^^ひ​は​は​は​？： ^^^ ^ 一​一​ お​^^ ；:| 一 ​墨​ ^^^^^^^ ^ひ​"^^ ^ i i ぬ​ - 一​ め​^け​？ ひ ​ ^ 助​ - ひ​- -; ^^ お ​ ^ |リ​ ぬ​^^^^お​^^"お​^ "^^^ ^：^ "け​ 一 ​ "ぶ​ お​ ぷ ​ ( ^ 柳​^ "議​ひ​" ^ - 丁 ) れ​ ！ || # i ( リ​昶​幽​" ( ) "卯​—リ​曲​： - . ( . v 一​墨​.. ^ x . ^―― —― ( ―― ―一 ​ . ^* ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ) x ――― * ^ ^ —.—.-， ^―――― ( v ^^ ， ^x 賴​，ト​^ i * ( ，v ^ ) ( ^ v ！!( (( ))*^ v * 響​響​―――響​.—.響​響​響​――響​墨​———響​―響​.. x ) ( ) ^ ^ ^ ―――――， v ^ ^ ^ ()i^(^ x ( ( ―—墨​墨​響​墨​^^墨​拳​ ^^^^ ^ 滅 ​一​!) * . ^ ^ ―――令​一​一 ​ i^) i ^ ——響​墨​——響​響​——拳​一​—. ^ * . !(！^^, ^―――――――， ( ^ ―――― v ^^i ^* * ^ * ) ^ 賺 ​ ( ( ^ ^ ！ * 一 ​^ ^ ^ ) ^— . x ^ ？ ^ ^ 丁​/^ ^ ^ ^ ( ！ 丁​加 ​ ^ ( . . . xi . . , . . . . . xi . * ) * * ... ――― ――― ――― ^ 響​響​^ 響​拳​—！ . ^ ， ^ v * * ^ ^^幽​-――― *^- x^ ^ ^ * 一​—墨 ​^！."に​國​ ii國​i國 ​iv ^ ―――――――拳 ​ 一 ​ ^ ^ ||||| ^ v ( ^ ^ || . v ^ [！v . v ^ ^ * x x - ^^^ お​？ 一 ​^ ^ -^ . リ​ ， ^れ​^^お ​芝​一 ​お​^^^ ii"脚​^^^^め​おれ​^ ^- 籌​ ^ ^^^ぬ​^ぬ​的​^お​^ 乃​^ 一 ​墨​ i ^ 力​， ， vi ？ お​^ ^ ^ ^リ​：^ & ^ ^ ：^ は​ = ^ おれ​ ^ ^ ， し ​薩​ "？^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^* i ^ i i ^ タ​ i i . 墨​ さ​ ^お​^^加​-お​リ​ 盟​ "おお​ ？| ？一​"- るる​ 醫 ​^^ - & ^^ ^ ^ i i - 'ク ​ * . i i ^ ^^^は​^ ^ ^ ^ お​？ ほめ​け​？ ^^^^ リ​ はお​：？ け​ ？湖 ​一​ お​- 一​^ - 一​は​- ^ぬ​^ 一 ​一 ​ ^ ^ ：お​^ ^ ： ^^！ ^^ 醫​： ：？一 ​墨 ​一​ ？ 一​^ 力​ 一​ — ， i ， 一​ ^ 一 ​一​ 一​ ^ 一​は​力​ひ ​* ^^v ^^^ タケ​ ネ ​ ぷぽ​お​ ぶ​^"一 ​ ^ ？ぬ​？！ 一 ​- ： ^^^^^^^ . — ；？ & ^ は​乃​^^^ぬ​^^ね​^^一 ​ & ^ ん​& タ​ i一​墨​墨​i i 〜お​^翁 ​^ぶ​^ - ^ ^ & &'マ​ i ^ ^ ^ 一 ​| | - 柳​^ ^ (：は​ リ​ ^ 丁 屮​ 義​ ？！！^"に​[(！ ( ) し​ # | ョ​ ^^ き​お​リ​幽​： - ^ * ^ 了 ​ x^ ^ * ^ ^ x ^^ ^ ^ ^ -—墨​―響​一 ​ v ―拳​響​: ^ ^ )v v ^！/^, ^國​一​. ^ * * iii& ^' . 響​. ― * ， v ^ 賺 ​ * (^ * vは​ ^ ^- * ！ ^ ^ ^ 一​響​- *^ * * 一​- * 降 ​ ) ^ v ！？^墨​墨 ​v ^^ ^* * ^ ( ( ^ ^ * ^ ^ ――一​" ―…一​一 ​ * ^ ――― ^ ，墨​… —響​一 ​ ― ― 一​v * ^^ ^！!* ^ ^ x 嚷​， ^――――――――― . v ( ^ ^ ^vivi^^^ ^ ^ iv x^* ^賴​墨 ​~ . v ( ^ ^^^^^ ^| ——墨​—―― ^ (^ ^ * ―――― ^ ) ) iv x (^ ^ 一​一​一​一 ​ . v x 墨​一​一 ​ ^ ^ ^ ....—. . ^ ^ ^ i紫​ ^ ^ ^ x^^^vi\. ( ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ( 丁​^xi x ( ^ ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 養 ​ 纏 ​ ^墨​？| ぉ ​一​，~^^^ け ​一 ​ 力​! 一​一​". "? i | ' i i i i i 醫​. i醫​醫​墨​響​響​一​醫​.. i i 一 ​i 一 ​ i i i i 一 ​^ ^ i 一​| 一 ​i i 一 ​ i i i ^ ？？^ おま​ぷ​" 一​^ "お​？ ^"で​ "ぷ​？？ぉ​鬥​" ぉ​？ ^ ^ ぽ​？ 一 ​ ぶ​ お​？ぶ​^ 一 ​一 ​ おおお​^ "ぷ​ 詰​ ^巧​"" 一​~ ぉ​欲​ ぷ​？ ^ x ~ ，ァ​ァ​ひ​， ' ^ & v ^ ~ i る ​ ^？タ​ み​ ？^ ケ ​ ^ ！ - &xi ^ . や​お​？^ ^ ， 一 ​ ^ . ^ ^ ， ひ​ひ ​ x ？ お​？ リ​&; る​ - i 一 ​i ル​^ v 瓣​^ "^^ ^ ^- v i 譽 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ i 墨​ i る​ i ^ リ​. タ​ 墨 ​一​"お​ ^は​^ ^ ^ ^ 一 ​i ，ゆ​ ^！" ぬ​ ^ ^ # な​ ひ​ ^ & x さ​ ^； お​ x ^ ^ "^^ ^^^^似​"^^^^ &が​的​ぬ ​，け​お​ ^ぷ​^乂​お​^ - ix一 ​一​ x :^ ^ け​は ​一​ : ぶ​ぽ​^^^^^^ ^^ 墨​ iv^-は​； 一 ​ ^ i一 ​墨​タ​ り ​ ^ 墨 ​ ^ マ​.^ ひ ​ ^ ^ ~ i 箱​i i 一 ​/ i嘛​タ​ 一​一 ​ ^ 一 ​ 一 ​ 醫 ​ . ^ ^ る​タ​ ^ & づ​. ひ​シ​ ^* 師​リ​ 贿​ ^ ^ お​！ひ​.，说​"ii一​ 丁 ( ぱ​.^ ^ x ) ？リ​ ! ""お​： * | お​ — ^ 一 ​^ ( 一​. | ^ ^ ― ^ ^ * 細​" 一 ​ゆ​ ~ ^ ii i ii) x 議​， iv x ^ ^ は​^ ( 说​慎​ * * * . ――――……一​一 ​― * ^ ^ ― ^/^/^ ― ) ^ ( ( 響​響​響​拳 ​ ^ ――――^ . . ― * ^ ^ . * 墨​—. ^ ^ ) ( ―― v ^ x -- ^ ――― ――――― ^ , ^ ―― * * . ― . お​ 争​ ， . ね​ 一 ​ - ^( 圍 ​ ^ * ^ ！)( ( !*, * (^ ( xx 一 ​ . x iii 議 iv * ？お ​ ) , ———……………一​一​一​一 ​| | ^ * * ^ ^ ~ ^ ^ ^ ^ ―― ^^ ――― , v 墨 ​ * ^ * * ^ iv ii ！ 化​^ ^ ^， ^ ^ x ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ~ * 一 ​― . . . . . . . x xx i ， i謂 ​ * ^ - に​^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ！^ ； . ^ ^ ^ ， ^ お ​， 一 ​一 ​ i ~ ~ i i ^ ：は ​ ^ ぉ​ 墨​ ^お​^ ？十​^ お​^お​^^ ^^^^ ~ お​ ？ ^ ^ i ^^^ 一​ リ​^ 十​^ お​^^お​リ​" ？ i 一​一​お​； ； ジ​ 乃​ぬ​？ リ​^ ^め​ : 一​""ー​如​^メ ​ 一 ​~ ~ 一 ​ ' ' ， リ​^; ^ リ​は​ け ​れ​ ^^は​^^芥​：は ​ 墨​ . . '卜​ タ​ . . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ， ， ^ 一​i i お​i ^ お ​^ リ​^ ^^^^はお​^^ぬ​^^ ，& ァ​ ゆ​ . ヮ​ り​マ​ぬ ​ ^： ^ぬ​^ぬ​^はお ​ る​ . . リ​はリ​？ ^ & ^^ ^ ^ ^ お​！ x "は ​ ii ^- -^ - ^ ^ ^ 々​リ​ . - * ^ ^ "眠​ ^ (！藝​ !^ 丁​曲​ぱ​.^ ^x リ​ ||| || ！ ： - . ， ー ​^ 祈​，^ |||| ^ ^- な ​ 袖 ​ 赠 ​ . ，， ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ . ^ x は​ ^ 丁 ​ x . ？ ひ ​ . ひ​ . ^ . ^ は ​ . ^ . ii 謝 ​ ii 歸 ​， 一 ​ - ぬ ^ "！vi 一 ​リ​ お​ ~ 墨​. ( ―". ^ …- ―墨​響​. ―一​墨​- * 細​ 一​. | ^ ―― v ― ― ^^…一​一​一 ​ 議​ "！& ( 繞 ​ 紐​ . . i丫 ​ ) . * * ^ i ( ^ x - ―一 ​ ^ ―― ^^^ ――― . . * ^ i | [！ v ， ^ . v . ^ x 「 …一 ​ * お​ お​ ― * ( ^ | | ？ 墨 ​( 一 ​ ( * * ( ^^ ――――――"―一​" ( - ^ ^！)(^, ^ /^ ^ ^ v ^！*^!)!^響 ​^ ^ 一​.—響​響​——拳​——響 ​ ^x iiii 議 iv iv？ * ii * * リ​ ズ ​ * * ^ v お​ ||| ―， ^ …―― , * # . - ~ ―― ―― )x ^―― )^ ―― ジ​ * ^ v ― * ？ ^||||^ —一​― ^ ^ ―――――――― * * * * - ~ ぬ ​ i ？ & ズ​ 響​醫​響​.墨​.墨​i冊​.. 響 ​は​ 沼​お​| ひ​^ ぬ ​一​： 】^ ~ ^ 一​一​； 一​；. "一 ​け​；^ は ​ お​？ ^^^^^ - ^: ^: ^ ^ ，ひ​ i i ， ：け ​！! 十​ ： 墨​ ；が​ "ぬお​ぬ ​一​"^ ム ​ 眷​ ^ 翁​ 圍​ ^ひ​は​ ^ れ ​x i 糾​"一​でぶ​環​ぶ ​ 一​一​お​~ ト ​一​"ぶ​"- ： 二 ​i 一 ​ i 士 ​ ^ ~ ^ ，ぬ​ ^ マ​ ^ お​^^^; は​^ ^ ^ 二​-^ 十​i 一 ​i i i ； iひ​" 一​一 ​： ^ 一 ​一 ​一 ​ ^ は​ ， ^ ^ 力​ 一 ​一 ​ "力​は​け​~ ^ || ^ ^^^^^^^ ぉ​咖 ​^ ，， —び ​は ​ ぬ​-十​ - ^ : : - ^^^^ ~ ~ x ^ ひ ​^め​は​十​ ； ^ お​ ^ぬ​ぬ​ ^罕 ​一​^ ^ i墨​ ： ^^ i ^ リー ​~ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ ^- 墨 ​一​ "墨​けけ​ ^ 十​^^^^^^ ^ ^^^ ~ 腳​^ "議​".，说​"ii 一 ​ 磁​ぱ​. ^ リ​ ( リ​ ^： - ^ 【 ( *((！^ )^ *( ^ ^攝​ ^ ^ ， ^ ？ * ^ ix ^^^！^.お​^ # ！!^,赠​^；^^)^)^ ^ ^ i】 ^*^ 薩​""—！—！^ー ​―― ^ ( ( リ​ お​ 一 ​^ v . ii iii i ii) x [議​ iv & ^ * . . * * * ， ―― , * ^ ^ x^ v , v 響​拳​響​拳​. x x x ^^ ― わ​ ^ ^ -― ( ^ v ^ ((！) ) )( *^ ――， ？ 一 ​ * . お​ | - ！"" ^ . 墨 ​ ^ - | ^ ^ ( 響​―響​響​考​響​響​響​響​.響​.響​墨​稱​響​響​響​墨​響 ​ * ^ ^ ( —一​-——…―― ii ii i i^ x * 議​， iv 賺​お ​ , . ― ^ * x * . * * ―― * ^ ―" ^ ^ 墨​" ^ ！… v ――― , ^ ^ * ~ * ^ ―一 ​ * ^… * ^… ！' v v ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ？ ^ . ひ​ . ^ . ' . ひ​ . ケ​ . ひ​ . ？ は​. ， . . ひ​ . ' * 鶴 ​ 柳 ​"！ * … ii ん ​^ ？ も​ゲ​ お​，ひ ​ 一 ​-葡​ : :^ ^^^ ： 一 ​十​； ：リ​^^^^^ ^ ル ​，，^ ^ ^ i ^ x.，-" ； 墨​ . 一 ​ ~ ^ ゆ​お​^ん​^"は ​ ！ ^ お​ー ​， - 一​一​一​i i i i 一 ​ 一 ​| ゆ ​& ^ 一 ​一 ​ i ？ 一 ​一 ​一 ​十​ ^ お ​ i i i ニニ ​ ぉ​お​ ：± 二​ほ​！ な​ - - 一 ​ ^ ^ ^ 墨 ​一​一​抑​^ ： ね​-：一 ​^ ^ "^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ 一 ​墨​は​： 一 ​十​； 十 ​ 一​一 ​一​一 ​ ^ 一​一​ = ぬ​& ^ ひ​お​ ？？ ^ リ​^お​十​ ^^^ ^ ^^ お​は​ ； け​：？" : ^ ^^^ ^： は​^お​十​ お​？^ ；？ ^^^？ 二​^ ^^^ 墨​ ^十 ​ぉ​醫​i醫​墨​墨​^. . . ^ . . "醫​カ​^ ^ ^ ii ； 一 ​十​ - 力​ ？；^ i . &メ ​ ， ix * ^ ^ は ​ ね ​i ？お ​^ - ： 墨​ 一 ​醫​ 一 ​十​+ お​ほめ​^ぬお ​ 一​一 ​ + &ii ii ^ - 一 ​醫​一​は​ : ^^^^^^ ^ ^^^^ ： - 脚​^ ！^., ^ ^ ) 随​ 丁 ) リ​ぷ​.^ ^ ^( ^ リ​ 拊​： - . ^ ^^ ^ v 鹏​寒​ 黼 ​ . . . . . , v ( * | * ^！^..— ^ ^—一​. ^ ^墨​ー ​ ^ , ^ ^ | * ^ —…一​一​一​一​…一​一​一​一​i 'vii ( ^ ？ ^ . ひ​ . . ^ . . ， ！^^!^ -一​-一​一​- 滅​ x ^ * ^ & 幽​ *^ x 丫 ​飾​ ^ ^ —響​' * ^ ^ ― -一​' ^ ^ ― ^ め​ … ^ ( …― v ^ ―. ^ ^ ) ―響​響​墨​響​—墨​卜 ​^ ) ^ * 響​—― ^ き​リ​ ― * ― ^ ― ^ & ― ii (i i ^i^ * 議​ iv &丫 ​ * ^ ^ * ^ れ​ * . .. ^ ！ v ―― リ​ , * " . ― x ) )^ x ~ ^ ―" ―― x ？ ー ​^ ( 一​—一​. / ^ ――――― . v ( ^ * . ^ ― x^ 一​— ^ ^ v . ^ ， x * 細​| ―…一 ​ * …——…………一​…—…. * ( —…—………一​"—^—. * 墨​—―――"―――"―――― ^ …—……—一​…………* ^ * ( —一​—一​一​一​一​一​…一​一 ​ ( 墨 ​ * 墨 ​ ^ れ​^^ !^^！^, ^ ^ x v ( 一 ​ 一 ​ iv ( * * * . ―-. x ^ ^ x * * ^ ― * ^ ― #！'― ^ ^… お​/v 。 ^ ^^ ， ^ ――—響​- ^ * . ..— ) 一​' ^* ^. 一​. ^ ；)^^*()(一​. ^！^.. ) ^ v ii ^ | 一 ​ヒ ​畑 ​細 ​ |加 ​，敝 ​ 仰 ​：-ニ​： ：：|： ： - は​『べ​リ​お​ ^リ​將 ​^ i ^一​一​"お​ ぶ​^ ；ー ​ ：―； - - ね​^ ^ ^ ^一 ​墨​ x敦​ - お​| 神​i i 一 ​iお​加​ ^ ~ .+ ^ ^ お ​ ^^ ， . "；^ ， ^ ^ ？^ は​ め​一​十​^一​^^ぬ​^お ​ ？ ： ^お​ iぼ​ー ​^ ^ぬ​ ぬ​ 一 ​ 一​一 ​i i一 ​ ii 一​ ^ お​： ：一 ​醫 ​一​一​ 十​ ？ 一 ​ - お​？ ^ ^^ け​巧 ​！ 一 ​リ​^は​-ぶ​；？十​~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ^ ~^ ^ ^^^^ "お ​ x ^ ^ ^ ii 一 ​ 柳​^ 械​ ひ​" (！ぬ​リ​ 丁(^ ：： 辦​ * * * 雜​ ^觸​^ *^ & iv 一 ​賺^"^ * * ^* ^ * * ^ vi ー麵^ —…- v 一 ​一 ​\^ん​^！^.. v^顿​撃一 ​"か ​^圍圍|||，,一​'― (？义​v . * ( * ^ * ^x * ^ * ま​一" ii ^ # ^―― ぉ麵​ ^* *^* 餐​xv ― ^ "け​ … ま​^ "^！^. め​ ^ -… * * .... 、，'！ ^ ―… 錄​ 拳— '力​ * ^ v愤，， ^* ^ト ​ x 画​ iv * ( * \^き​ , ――…峰​…………一—…… ^ ……………………一響 ​ (！^^. パ​^ ^( ― * ^ (^(^ v怖 ​-，"^^^^ ― , * ― (^〜-一 ​ は"― (！^^.. れ'(！^^^)^^ "― ―...... * * * ^ ―' * * ^ 助 ​ ：;# x"：リ ​： ^ ！？ v xけ​ # 鹰 ​翻^ x v& . -篇 ​一 ​講ー键 ​爾 ​vi 爾 ​ ~ ~ iv ) ii ― ― ― ii ) ( さ​ 一 ​さ​ 臂画 ​！ぷ | さ" ま| 一" ： 十 ​v ぷ ​， 旭​ ^ぬ​ ？ ；？り^ ix ム ​ む ​^ ， 一​ ^お- ^咖 ^は^ i - -" マ​ . 墨 ​一 ​ お- .^ ^ 一 ​ ？斜 ​~ ^ ^ 一 ​ ひ​| | ぶ​ひ​争 ​脚​^ ， ~^ ひ​十​ ^^ひ​ ^ 范| ： ： ' ， i 一 ​ i ，， ， . i 一 ​ i & ？i ^ 一 ​ 二 ​i i 一一 ​一 ​ i "一​ ^ ^ ^ "眠​ ^ (：ひ​ リ​ 丁 ^ 丁 ( 孔​ (^(！!^^!^!^ リ​幽​： - . . . . . . . . . . . . * ^ ^ * ね​(『 一​一 ​ * ) ― ^ … * ( … ―― 一 ​ ) ^ —響​- * * ！ 一 ​ め​ 一​. | v ― ^ * * , 議​， iv お​ . お​ , 一 ​ ^ 拳​-響 ​ ^ ^ … ^^ ^ v x 一 ​―― . v -響​響​響​幽 ​ *^ … * ^(！^ ― ^ ^^ ^ v 墨 ​一義​ii關 ​ * 一 ​ ( 一 ​ お​ ， お​ - . ， ^ v / 一 ​ ^ | | ― ^^ 響​-墨​墨​― - ^ |) ^ ^ ^ v ^？ || ~一​-一​-響​拳 ​ x 議 iv 蘭​^ ^ * . . ^ * ― ^ , お​ , 墨 ​ , * * ^* * ^^ー ​ 一​一 ​ ^ ( *-- ^^ *. ^ ^vii^i ^ 墨​-— , v ―" ^x * ， ^ ^ ^ * /， ― 一 ​―'''' ^！)^^ ザ​"ま​ ^ x^— ^ ^ 丁 ​ ( ^ ^ ( ^ ^ 丁 ​ ？ ^ x . . . . ， . ひ ​ . ^ . . . . . ^ . ひ ​i麵 ​ 鋼 ​ ：一​一 ​お​ ^ ^ x ^ 一 ​墨​^^め​ 冊​ 一 ​ ~ ： ^ ^^^^^ ^ 巧​- お​-^ ^: ？？：^ お ​ ^ -萄​ ^ ^ 一 ​ ぬ​ ^ ひ​^^^^^ ； ？ 一​ : ム​^^^^^ ^ も​ 仍​： ^：^ - ； ； は​ ；リ​お​^ り​ぬ​；は​v ^ i ^ る​ る​ ~ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ~ ぬ​-^ 一 ​ ^: - ^^^^ ， 力​お​ "力​， ： i ： 一 ​十​^ 墨​ ひ​は​； ？ ^；?^^ ^ 墨​ . ~ お ​ ； 一 ​ お​ ，ひ ​ 醫​ v i 一 ​ | i 墨​墨​ 墨​ ~ i i 一 ​ ァ ​ ひ​ ま​ '！^ - に ​ * * ォ​ii ^ ^ ^ふ​ 醫​墨​墨 ​一​i墨​醫​i 一 ​i墨​醫​i一 ​醫​一​墨​響​墨​i i ， ^^ぉ​め​ ？ ^^^^"^ お​一​は​-は​- 十​ ！； ：じ​； ^^ : ：リ ​ ^ ^ ^ ， * ， 一​： ， 一​ぬ ​墨​ 一​一 ​ i 一 ​i ^ ^ ^ i墨​-i墨​ ： i ぬ​ ぬ​ぬ​^ ^ お​一 ​i ^ ぶ ​一​お​^ x 墨​ 十​^ i ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 〔 ~ !^ひ​ 續​^ も​"！"リ​ ^ - 丁 ) ^ ) ) リ​ リ​ぉ​ リ​ ^： - . * ^ ジ​ 一​— | ^ | ― ^ ( —一 ​ ^ )…一​一​— iv ！& * * * ^ ^( v x 一​- —一​一 ​ ( /^/ 一​一​一 ​け​v ^ ―- , ^ . .. ( ^ * ―- ？ ^ ^響​一 ​ ^ ^響 ​ * ^ ^ v ^ . * * ^ v ( (！)( ^/)^ ―， ^ ^一 ​ x ―一 ​―— 辦​… リ​ 華​ お​ 墨 ​^ ^ ^ ^ * ) ^ * ( ^ * 一 ​|^| ^墨​墨墨​-個 ​ x 一 ​ iv * x 賺​" . — * * , v * ―一 ​ * * ^ ^ * … *^ … ^ ^ ― ^ … ^ ( v 一 ​ ^ ——一 ​お ​ま​| ほ ​き​| ヌ ​，^ ，一 ​ /レ​ " ， x ， 一 ​ ぶ ​ 一 ​""？"! ^ ぶ ​ 一 ​醫​ x ^ 醫​|！ v v 一 ​ = ' ^ ^ ， に​^ - ^ ， に ​^ ， ^ ^お​- ， メ ​，， お​ 十​^^^^^ ^ ^；.ぬ​^^お​ : ^ ^ ^ ^ おけ​：！； ね​^ ^は​"！ ^ 一​ ^^ ^^^^ i ，^ ，喻 ​ ^ i 一​~ 醫​ 一​ 墨​i i墨​ は ​ ー ​ | ^' メ ​ "抑 ​！ "脚 ​- ^ 十 ​墨​ ： ^十​^ ~^ ^^ ~ ！ は​ひ​？ ^ 力 ​ 。？ ひ​十 ​i & 墨​x！ i ^ v ^ ，ト​^ 一 ​ 力​^^ 醫​ 十 ​は​？ 一 ​十​乂 ​一 ​ i ？ ^ i ^ ？ "^？""お​^^^^ ？ i 墨​ 醫​力​^ 醫​ i i i 冊​ 'i十​"一​一​ 一 ​ ： i i 一 ​ ) 似​.^ ^ ) ^ ( ) リ​ "！ リ​曲​： - . * * | - .. ― ― ^ ^ * * & ！ & ^ * ^ ^——墨​——————響​―響​——―響​需​墨​響​———————響​琴​—通​響​-拳 ​ ―――…一​一​一​一​一​―――， ^ ――…―一​一​一​一​一​一​一 ​ v ——―響​—――――――—――.—――^ ^ ――――――――――――――― x [議​， iv ！& ^！！！！&丫 ​ * ^ x ^ v ) * . .. iv i ^ * | ^ - i 一​… \ ^(^-― お​^ ^^ v ^ ー ​ ^^ 一​——一 ​^ ^ ———響​—響​響​.響​響 ​ . , ― ^ ^ ^ ^一 ​ ^ * ―― ^ ^ ^^^ ―― ^ ^ / ^/ ix 個​墨 ​ ^ 拳​"拳​" , v ー​―― ^ ) ^- ^ ―― ム​？ ^ x ―― ^ ^ v * ― ^^ ^ ――― ^ * ————-― 墨 ​ ― ^i^ iiii議​ iv ^ * * . .. ** * ^ * ^vii i|||& ―― ^ ( ^ v ^^ , * * * ^ v v * * . . . . . . . 一 ​x & タ​ん​， ？ ^ はお​^ ^^^ ^ お​ ゆ​？ ^ お​ . 寺 ​ おお​ .お ​^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^乃​は ​ な​ タ​ ， ん ​ i 醫​ 醫​， ~^^^^^^ ^ ^ ぬ​一 ​ . ^ - 墨​ 墨​. . i ^ i i i ^ . ん ​ ト​ 暢​ . ヌ ​ i i : | 卜​ ^ み​ :^ 一​： れ​^^ = 關​ii】』 墨​ . i ~ | 一 ​一 ​ " i i 『 。お​に​？お​ ； お​"^ 一​お​|十​お​~ ^ ^^^^ ~ x ^ 墨​ ^ - ^ ？ ， み ​ ^ ぁ​^^^^^ 一 ​-""お​一​だ​ ！ 一​ お​ほ​"^ ^ ：^ 一​i i i令​ i i ^ ： ： 墨 ​一​ ひ​ お​^ 一​一​ 胡​ゆ​ ^? はお​十 ​ 墨​ ぬ​^は​^ ^ ^け ​一​一​ ~ ^ ^ ~ 》 墨 ​ ^ ？お​ー ​お​ 墨​ め​-十​^^^^^ ~ ~^ ！！；お​は​- ^ ^ - お​"" 一​, x^ お​ ？ お​ ？^ぬ​^ひ​ 一​^ ；^？ ^ ) ^ひ 脚​^ "抑​" ^ ^ - 丁 ) 化 ​ | ^| | * リ​曲​： - . 【 * *(* ( ^)*! ^ ^ ， 聽​,辦​ ^x ^，】 ^ ^ x ^ ^ ( ^ xiv . . . xi . . . . . . . . . ( ^ * ^ & &v * ^ ^一 ​ *^ ^ & 一 ​^ v 一 ​^ ^ ――- ) x , ^ ^ * お​ ^* v 穌​ ) , ―… ^ - ^ ^-… ^(* 響​… お​^ ^( ^ v ― ^ ( ―—.., ^ 墨​——删​..響​—――^ , , 一​一 ​ x ^ - ―" ^ ^ ，一​一 ​^ v 個​. ^ ( x ――-, ^ * ――――― , v —醫​.響​響 ​ x ^ - ^ * -… ^ ^ ^/ ^ ^^ —墨​.... ^ * 誠 ​ … お​ | 一 ​ . ！ お​ 一 ​^ ^ . ！^^^. お​ * ^ ― | v ~ ^^ / ^x ^ || |響​拳​響​響​響​響​響 ​ x 議​ iv x 賺​" * . ――――― ^ ) ――――― ― . . . * お​^ 」 ^ x —删​響​響​拳​拳​響​響​響​ , v ^ | * * * ^ v - ^ ――― ( 根 ​ ， ~ 一​- け​^お​十​ ？ ^^&？! ，^ ^ ^^お ​お ​ズ ​/ i ，！ ^ -ヒ​十 ​ ~ ， ^ 一 ​ & 气 ​暢​^ -十​^ 一 ​ -^ ？-リ ​ ^ 一 ​i i 一 ​ i力 ​^は​ : ^一 ​ iii ^卩​！ i墨​ i . ；墨​十 ​：は​：？ : = ^^* ^ ？？ 墨 ​ 一​^ ~ ^^^^ 一​一 ​v ^ ~ ~^^^ ^ ^ ^ は​ ぬ​ひ​お​-？ れ​^ 一​" ；，一​一 ​け​ ^ ： ^^^^^ 一​一 ​i ^^^ ^ ：^^ 脚​-^^ ^ ~ ~^ ^^^^^ 一​隱 ​ お​-^ ^は​^^;!; 加​^??ね​お​ジ ​ 醫​ ~ - ^ ^ は​^ ： ^一​は​ め​-" め​ ？^ ？!"： ，お ​ も​ . i墨​ . ^ . ^醫​ - ^ ~ ま​ な​ ァ​ ' ^ な ​ ^ ！ で​^ ^墨​ ； ひ ​^ - - : : ぼ ​一​ ， * & す​，一 ​x i i i 一 ​ 一 ​せ ​i 一​一 ​i 醫​i , ~ i一 ​醫​冊​, = i醫​i 響​i i ト​ ^ "お​ ^ ； ^ '^ ^ ^ お​ & ^ 一​！ ：一​お​は​^ ^ 一​：は​ ^* ； 十​ 十 ​柳​ii ぼ​ix ^… "が ​墨​ ？ ； ^十 ​一​， ぽ​？"糊​堪​ ひ​は​ ^^ぬ​； ~ ^"ぬ ​，一​ ^^ ぬ​； ^ぬ​？？ i 一​. . 令 ​一​墨​醫​~ ^^^^ - ： 一​ i i十​^ ^ ^ i 丁 ) \- . ！ ^ | #ゅ​ | し​ ( "卯​幽​" ^ x ) 。リ​霧​ リ​ ( 鶴​ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ？ 議 ​ * | | | 一​一​は​ 』 ^ ―". * ――， —~ ^ ^ ( ^ . ―― * 賺​-. ^ ―――― * ^ ―― 魁​謂​ ^ vね​， ^ * "， ^^^；改​. ^一​—一​一​―一​…響 ​お​"〜― ―：: 删​―響​墨​醫​響​響​—響​響​拳​―響​響​——響​— & * * し​ x ―――――――， v ^ )x^ v v ^ ( v * ) —醫​響​—響​響​.響​墨​.響​墨​考 ​ v ( || ||* * v に​*響​墨​拳​響​ー ​ ^ ( (^ ^ ， ， ， * ， ^* ^ . わ ​ ， 昏 ​ ^* * * v x ^ ！ * x * * ^) x ^ ――"―墨​ー ​ ^ ^^ *^* ――――~~ー ​ * v v )x xv ^(！))—――響​. . v * ^ ^ お​ ^ ii (！iv ^ ( ^ ( ^ ^ ( . ， ^ ^ ( . ^ . ひ​ . ^ ii* i i iii * * . ， i讓 ​"は​ i i ， 一 ​ 墨​ マ ​宽​ ' め​リ​^ゆ​^ゆ ​ ん ​は​ ^？ ； ^ぬ​知​： お ​^ i 醫 ​る​ タ​ お​ ！お​ ^^^^^"^ひ​が​ ？は ​ & ^ ' \ ^ 一 ​ ： ？ - は​一 ​x 一​^お​^ ぶ​お​窓​ お​iiきま​？^ ？ "は​^；. ？一 ​^^^^ ^ ^^ ~ ^ ~ ： ^け​？ ； 「ぬ​"， 墨​ 一 ​ ？ ？ ： ^ *^ ^お​ ^^^^"^^^ 一 ​ ^ ：お​^ は​- ひれ​ひ​墨 ​はお​ ：^め​お​^ お​"^ 一 ​ ^^ - 一 ​は​一​一​け​ ^: ^ひ​- 一​一​ ^ 一​一 ​ ？^ ^乃​ぬ​？ & お​ ^リ​お​^ぬ​ お​ ^ "リリ​^ ^的​お ​^ ； ^ 一 ​&;；ひ​^ ^ 墨 ​ほ​i i巧​i i i i ^ i 一 ​ ^ ^ 一 ​i "お ​ - 一 ​一​一​一 ​ ^ん​は​ー ​請​ は​一 ​附​は​&… ^ ^ ^ ^ 'な​ ' ^ . 'ひ​ & ^ ！ ， お​ おぶ​ぱぶ​ ？^| ？则​ お​^ ま​！"^ v ' . ぶ​タ​ 'な​ ^ ^ タ​ & ん​i る​ せ​ & ク​み​ お​ ^- ^ ^ ， ， - ^ ^ & & ^ & ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^？"一 ​ で​ - でる​ ~ ' - * ^ ^^ ^ ^ でる​. . ^ * ！^衂​^ ^^^^ ^ ぬ​^ぬ​：？ ：め​ ^お​^^ ^^お​^;^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ ^ は​ "^！^ぬ​^^^^^^^^ ^^^お​^^ ^^^^^ 『 ？ぼ​ 樹​！； ^ ^ ，さ ​ お​ ^ ^ x ひ​ ひ​ ふ​ ？ん ​ ' &ア​ . ^' ^ ^ x ひ​ ^ ^- ^ ^^ ) ' ^ ^ ュ​ ゆ​ ^ ^ ^. - 糊​^ ( ^ "！ 〃 ^ 誘​リ​ 隨​ 丁 ) ，ミ​！！！！^！^に​ ^ ) ， ^ ^ ^ ^^^(^！^ "。リ​ ( リ​iiお​鶴​ ^ * /^^ - 〔 ， 【 ！ "粉​vvi|ii^ ？ ^ ^ ^ 。 ^x ^ ―――――― ——————一 ​ ―…―" v 一​一​…… * ^ )^ v ) ^*^, ^ * ^ ^ i ―― ( ^ * - * i * 墨 ​ * —一​—一​-—一 ​ * ―—―― \ ^ ^…一​一 ​ * x ―――― ^ . ((^^！^,れ​―― ^^ ^ ——――， * * ( * *^ x ^ ^ ^ * 一​一​…………―― x ^ (！)!^!—―――響​一 ​i ii ^ * …—……響​…… i議​， ^ ^ ^ *^ ―――― 一​"―———墨​* ^ . v ^ x x ^ 墨​.—―. x ) (！(( ( )()^ ^(！( )*)!^ ^ *^((！リ!^ / ま ​ —————墨​響​―—墨​—――—響 ​ . v ^ ^ ？ —…— v x ^ ^ ――一​響​――^ 丁 ​ ( ^ ^ ^ ( x！ 加 ​丁 ​ ^ ^ ( . ひ ​ . . . . . . . . . あ​i "ふ​ 謂​^は​ 抑​^ v i ^ ！ リ​& 醫​i x アマ​ ， ^ ^ &i ' お​，？ ^お ​^^^^^^^ x力​？；お ​一​？^ ？一 ​ 醫​ . ^^ か​で ​『巧 ​ i ^^ & ~ ^ |^^ ^ ^ ~ ^ タ​""マ ​ i 響​. i冊 ​~ ^醫​冊​i i ^冊​^ 墨 ​ x 墨​ ^ぬ​リ ​一​！？？ ；ひ ​一​v - お​？" ま​" お​^ ぬ​^?お​"お​？ は​ぶ​ ぉ​： 一​ ^ 一 ​必​^ お​め​ ^ 一 ​一 ​^ ^^^ : : ^^^^ ^ ^^^ 一 ​^は ​ . ， ^ 一 ​墨 ​一​ i ^ ひ​ /^ ^ -^ - ^ る​ 一 ​ i 一 ​ 一 ​iv'ん​， & x ^ ^ ，"^！ v ^ ^ ^^ ~ i 墨​墨​一​ 一 ​力​ ひ​^^^^^^^ 翻​ゆ​^ ^ひ​ ^な​^ひ​^^ ^ ^ iれ​^ ^^^^ ^ ；^？ ； ？ ~ ^ ：ぶ​^ ： ^ ^ ~ ~ ^^； 一 ​：x 一 ​^ ： ： 墨​ ぬ​一 ​^^^^ ； ^ お​ ^^^^"^^^ 一 ​^^^^^^ ^^^^^ は​~ 一 ​ひ​ ひ ​一​一​一 ​| ぉ​？ ？ ^ 一 ​ ？；ぬ​^ i 一 ​ ！ 一 ​一 ​ ^ ^^^ 一 ​：， ^: ^^^ め​ メ ​！ あ​ ^ ^ で​ i ク​乂 ​ メ​ i i i ^ i |#'クマ​ i ^ "は​. ：ひ​； 一 ​ - i ァ​^ ii ， "^は​-. 墨​ ^ お​^け​ 一 ​一 ​^ぬ​？ ^ ？： ^^ ^ 畑​^^リ​i け​：墨​ ^ i i は​ i タ​ ？ ' ^ i 一 ​ ' i i - 脚​* "！。リ​ * ^ 函​リ​ 丁 ^ 曲​ iiv^ivi^ii^, || ^ # || # | ||| リ​ ( リ​"^ ^リ​ ^： ^ ( ^ ^ ( iv ( 丁 ​ ^ ^ . . . . . . . . . ， 【 ^ ^ | ^* ^…一​一​一​一 ​ . v ^ ―――"墨​墨 ​ ^ . ^ ^ . ― * ― …一 ​ -… ―― v ――一 ​ ^ ――――響 ​ぉ​化​ ^ 幽​一​―一 ​ —――― v v )v ^((^(^ )^ "—一​.ー​ー​-ー ​ /^ & "ほ​, ^ ( ^( v * ( ) )^ 画 ​一​ * * 一 ​―― ^* . ―― ― ， ^* ^ …\ * i * 一​. * v ^ . 一 ​―一​一​…一​―…一​―一​. * ^ ^ ^ * * * ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ――^ ^ ) || |iv "^！！!)^—―墨​-―墨​. | ………一​一​一​一​一​一​一​一 ​ 讓​ i& ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ . . iv . . 』 ^ ~ ^^^ 一 ​ ^ ： ^ 墨​ i i ^ ^ i 一 ​i : : ぷ​：？力​ ^: 墨​一 ​ ？ 一 ​^ひ​！ 冊 ​一​ ^ぬ​ 一 ​一 ​ ^ 一 ​ ！け​-： ^^^け​ 一 ​^^^^ 一 ​ "ニ​み​-ニ​^ ： ： ： ： ： ：：：： ^お​-^ ^^^ お​-,^,ぶ​-" ：は​ぬ​^おぶ​^-; ；！ ^墨​辦​^ ：お​^は​ ？ ： 一 ​^け​-^ 桑​メ ​ ー ​お​ ^- ' ^ 一 ​は​ ^一 ​ぷ​^" ^ 一 ​^^^ お​^ 筋​お​加​お​ ^お​ は​ ^ ： 一 ​ ひ​ 一 ​i期​； . 一 ​： ~ ：：醫 ​ii 一 ​ 柳​ ^ ^ "ゆ​" ^ び​リ​ リ​ 丁 ^ 丁 ) 屮 . ) * ^ ) ！リ​ ！ リ​门​ね​\^ ( ^ ^ x ^ 【 ^ ^ ^ x iv( ( ^； * &x^v). ？v ^ ！^^. ^ ^v x^ ^ ^* ^ ^^！^,赠​ ^ ( ( ，】 【 * ^ ^ ^ 】 ^ 矗​ 鹏​！& ^ ) ^ ( 墨​墨​——醫​醫​-墨​-..響​響​.響​.響​..響​墨​-.幽​響​響​響​拳​墨​響​響​. 細​& —……一​一​……一​墨​"…—. | …一​…………一​一​一​—"— * * ―…―…――――――， * ( ――――――……―一​―拳 ​^ * ( …一​一​…一​一​一​…一​一​一​. | v * ^ ——響​——響響​—————————響​————響​響​一​-, ^^ ——…………——一​一​——…"墨​… ^ .... * 細​" 墨 ​一​ゆ​ ー ​ x^ ^ ， ^ * 一 ​ ) * ^ & ^ お​^ ^ v * ^ . ^ ^ ^ ， x * ^ 一​. ^ ^響​響​響​拳 ​^ . . ― 瞻​ * * 一 ​ め​ ^ ^ ―— ―" v ii ^ ^^( ， ^ , v ―― ― ぉ​！)^!^ ― i( ？ ！))()^一 ​^ *！^*!!) v ii お​ * - | ― ！ * iii iv x ？ * * ^ . . お​^ v ^ …――一 ​リ​ , , ―. * * . '^- (^ ？ v ( ^ ^ (( (iii( 一​" ―一 ​ , ^ ^ v ii ^ ， ( 化​ ^ 丫​れ​涵​お ​！ ： x お ​ ~ る ​ リ​ v ニ​ 墨​墨​ 墨​ほ​ パ ​ 墨​ 墨​|墨​ 墨​ト​ - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ ：け​ ^ ^ ，か ​は ​は ​~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ^ ~ ~ ~ ~ ^ ぬ​- - : .一 ​|：： ^ ^ お ​お ​^ 墨​ 一​^一 ​ii ^ ひ​^ ~^ ！ お​^ ほ​i i ー ​ ^ ^ ~ |る​ は ​# & | 墨​ i 醫​i醫​ 一​i i i ^ つ ​ ~ ？ お​ ト​ ^ る​. る​ ？ . ^ ^ト​ ~ ii ぉ​& ^ お​^ は​〃 はお​な​^^ ^ - ^ ^ ？ ？ - : ^ ^ ；；： ^^お​ぬ​；；？； i """ぼ​お袋​"？お​ 笤​ぷ​ ^ ， ？ほ​"^ ？お​ ？？眾​ お​ て​|ぶ​ まさ​は​ぱ​^おお​？"^忠​ ？は​-^ 丁 ) "は​^ ) ^ (；ぉ​!^^，!^ リ​ リ​' "曲​\^ リ​ * ^ - . 了​'^ 【 v "賴​ ^ ？# ( * x^ ^ * ^ ^ ^拳​響​琴 ​ x * | ― | 一​- 鄉​ ^ ― ^ * ^ v ^一 ​ ^ x ) ( 一​一​一​墨​響​i ^ ^ 一​-. お​ ！!!!!!^^!!) * x " & ^ iv！ * , ―――…一​一​一​一​一​一​一​一​一​一​， . . . * | )x | | x ^ -響 ​^ * ――一​墨​—―一 ​^ ^響​.一響​響​響​響​響​..響 ​ v ^響​國​"拳​拳拳​圖​拳 ​ ^ ^ v ^ ？ ^ * -響​* ――― . v 響​—.— * ， ) 一 ​ ^( ― ) v - ^ ^* ^…一 ​^ ―――― ^ ^ ^ ， ( *)( ^(^* v ^ ^ ( ―――――――響 ​^ ^ 響​—一​一​——響​―響​——響​響​————————————卷 ​ 一​， iv ( & ( ^ ^ ^* v x * ^ , ―――…―…―……一​…- * ^ v ( * /^ ^ ―― . , ^ ~ ^ ^^ 一 ​ ！' ； ^ i *^ )!. | ^ * ^墨 ​i ^ ^ ^一 ​) ^( ^ ―一 ​^ ^ #！^ v 一​墨 ​ ^ * ―― ^ ^ ―—――^ ^ , v ^――― ^ ^ / ^- ^ ―― ( ^ 一​一​— * x ―一 ​ v ( ( x ^ カ​ひ ​ . . … … ^ ^ 卿​ぶ ​^ ~ ~ ： ^ ^リ​-^ -リ​^^ ？ ？ゅ ​ . ^ 力​ ~ 墨​醫​i響​删​墨​墨​ 墨​. , ~ ^ は​は​ ： リ​^ お​； ^ 墨​墨​ は​^ 十​ - ^^^ . ぬ​ は​-一​： お ​ * ^ 口​"お​は​| x - 脚 ​；：り​二​」 ^ . 墨​ 'i 二 ​i 二 ​i 二 ​ ^ 醫​ 醫​^ ^ - ^ ~ ~ ~ ^ 。~： 墨 ​リ​^^ぬ​ ぬ ​ ？墨​ ：墨​ 墨​十​：；？：： け​-:^ぬ​^^ ~ ： &ぉ ​ ^ ひ ​- 一 ​iii - - ^ -^ - - リ ​一​i - + ^ - - ： - - - "力​ v ~ ^ ~ ^ ~ ^ 十 ​おお​ + ~ ^ リ​お​^- け​レ ​^ 一 ​一 ​ ？-糾​^ 一 ​ x ^ ~^ ^ - ぉ​は​リ​^おお​ニニ​：：；；； ニ​二​：；；；：；ニ​ニ​：ニ​ニ​：：； ：：：：：：：：：：：：： ：：：：：：：：：：：：：：：；：：：：：お​ は​ひ​ - ；^ x 一 ​~ ^ ^一 ​十​ リ ​墨​ ^ ~ 墨​ ~ ~ ： 一 ​ 一​"ュ​^.!' ^ ^ - : : な​リ​ リ​ 丁(^ 柳​^ "畑​.，说​"リー​ 丁 ) 屮 ， ^* ) ^ * ( リ​。ね​鶴​ ^ || ^： - . 【 ^ * ^ ^ 】 * ^ ^ ^ * ^ | ― | ^ ― ^ リ​ -- 拿" (^(^^(^ ) 刚​ iv 麟 ​ &丫 ​ * . -. * ^ ^ ^ * ^ ― x ^ v ――， x ^ ———響 ​ ) ^醫删—醫.墨墨—墨— ^x^ ，—響—醫​響―". # v v 一―"― 〜―…――― , , ― * ) x 一 ​ x ―― ^ ―" x x v ^ ― x ^ v ^ . *^ ^ v ^ ^ ， ^ )?i ) ^ ― ― ― x れ​^ 墨 ​ | … | ( | 墨 ​リ めリ 響 ​ ^ ― ぉ ( 墨 ​ - ^ ， | v . ^ ^ x^ * ― ^ …… ^) &お​――一— x 議​ iv x ) * 「磁​ x * * ^ ^ ^… ^ ^ x( . * ^ ― x … ^ … * * ― ^ ^ v ( , ― —墨-拳 ​ ^*^...^^.. ^ ^ ― ― (！^^—―——響 ​ ^ ―――― , お， x * * * お​^^ ， v ^ / 一 ​^ ^( |x/^^^ ―拳" ―， ^ , v ) ―響墨​墨 ​ * * ( 一 ​ ―― )^^―― ―― ^* ―― ^ * v ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ( ？ ^ ^x 赠 ​ x . . . . . . . . ひ ​ * * "， "：i ：ぷ​ ~ ~^ ，i ，， "一 ​i i i ^け^ i i i i 墨 ​^ i 一 ​醫​ 墨 ​i 墨 ​i 鬆 ​ 醫​ 巧​ ^ ： 墨 ​i ， ^ i ；ん ​ 一 ​~^^^ ^ i 二-一 ​一 ​^^^ ^ v ^ ^ ^ ~ ^ iii 醫​墨 ​ . . . . v お​一 ​一 ​ i ^ ^ 一 ​ ： ： ^ お ​ 墨​ 'i 十 ​ ~ i v 一 ​一 ​ リ^ 』 ^ i 醫​墨 ​i i i i 醫 ​| ^ 删​ . お​ & 醫​ ^ ^ぬ​ "巧 ​ ^ ~ ^ 醫醫​醫​ 一 ​i i i i i i お ​ ？ ， - 柳​^ ^ "ゆ" * ^ び^リ​ 丁 ^ 丁 )( ^-] . ^ x リ​卯""リ​^ ^ ^(^^ - . 【 - ^ ^ * リ - お​ 一 ​ v一- ^ ――― x iv ^ は​^ * v x . ――――――…―――― | )^ ^ —————————————―———墨-一​響​響— ^ ^ 一 ​一​一​―一​一​一​一​一 ​一…… x —墨——拳​墨​響...—.….― ^ v ( ———通—.—.拳——————響醫醫​—墨—瓣響拳 ​ # ) | ( ―――――――――響―――――響​響删醫​―醫―墨​―響拳拳 ​^ ―...響―"..響.墨墨​響​墨​響​墨-墨-響​墨​令―響 ​ . . . v ^ , v ^ ―― # ^ * - ^ ^墨… ； | ^ ^ v ！' ま || 墨 ​ . お​ 事​ . ) ^ * ^ ^ * * * ―― ^！^!^鬭， iv * * . . * * ^ ^ ^' ^ , * ) , … ) ― ^ —一 ​ ^ ^… ^ ――― , v ―― x x * ) ^ ― ^ * ― * ―― ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ . . . . . . . . . . i ~ ，.. ~ お​i 一 ​^"は； ~^ ^ ^ ~ ^ ^ ； ：：は​~ ~ ^ 一​墨​一 ​ ^ "お​ ^ ぬ-~ i ^ ^ ^^^ i お​？： ひ" ： ： ^ i vi ， - ^ iv ？ お ​一 ​ぽ​i i i i ^^ ^ \ ^ i 二 ​ ^ ^ i | 一 ​一​ひけ； - : x ^ |||ニ ​ i i | - - i x 墨​ . 墨​ ^ ^ ：化 ​息​i i i 一 ​ i i i ， - v i る ​i i i i i i 一 ​ ， ^ i : . ^ 一 ​ 一 ​ ii 一 ​^ . ^ i る​ ト ​ & ひ？" ？ ； ii iはは​は； = お ​； ^ 醫​ i ^ ^ i 國​ぶ ​一 ​"？！"つ ​一 ​ 翔 - タ ​ ： i i i iほ ​お" お​墨​ 墨​ 響​ 一 ​一お​一​十​^ ：^^ ： '一一 ​ii 醫​ ^. ^ ^醫​ i ， ぬ 一 ​ - i i し ​ 一 ​一 ​一 ​^ 柳​"眠​ ^ - 丁 ) ^ . x (^ リ​ ^ \^鹏​^ 门​！^加，&ぉ鹏， *^ ^ ( ^ 【 / ) ^ ( ^^； & ^v x ？ ~ ^ ！^ ^ ^，' ^v iv ( ^ ^ *お"", 。(！ )* ^" 】 【 ( ^ ^ ^ x || # は​幕​ ， | 厂 ​ ^ ~ x * お​ - ^ ^ ^ 一… x 一 ​ "！&^ 脚 ​ . — * * 辦 ​ ^ *( v ^ ) ) ^* ^ (！^^ ^ x ^ 墨" x x ，―- け​v ^ 一 ​ v お​ x ^ ^ , v ^ ―― ( x！) ^ ！| れ​ x x 響— ^ ^ v 一 ​ ^墨—一 ​ ^ ― ― "薩​釀" ^- ^ — ^ * iv | | ― | ， お​ 一 ​ * i ， ^ ― ^ ^ ^ ——墨-響​删墨墨​—一—一—屬 ​ x 議​ iv * | ^ ^ ^ v ― ( ^^ ^ ― 墨 ​ . . * * * * ！" v ( , v * * お​^ ( ， v ^ 一 ​ ^ ii ， ， リ ^ \ ？ ！ ― "メ ​ . ： . . . . . . . . ，" ，" ― ―^ 卜， 、 ^ ― 十 ​ 十 ​ 十 ​ 十 ​ ― ― . . 力 ​ . . | . . . . . な麵​丁 ^ ^ ^ に​"眠​训" - ^ ^ ^か​， ^ ^ ^ 化​^ ^勿 ​ . ，， . * iv iii 』お​" び​； き​ —お​ '"ヨ​か ​. 嚷 ​ 一​ " み​、~ ，ゥ​"一 ​ほ​ゆ​引​ま​ぉ​ ^ ？? ―ぺ ​. ？ . ぬ は​ 〜 ， ^ ^ ―ト​^).曹​ト​―― ！さ​^ ，め​ ― ^ ト​ ^ ト​， 一 ​~ ミ​ぉ​' ，， 〜か​は​ん​お​ | . . . . . . 丁 ) ^ ， ) ) ^ ( ^ ( v ？ ^ ( リ​幽​鶴 ​ ^ ！*^,謂​^^± ^ 】 ) vi iv & iii * お​？ 说​v x , …—………一一… x け​ ) ( ^ ———一—~———墨​醫—響拳醫​響​響 ​ ――――――^ ^ ――――"^――~ v —響醫​響響響​墨醫—醫響響​-響醫​醫響響 ​ ^^ 響響​響響墨​響響響​―删醫​―墨~一-響令墨​墨​一— *^ —…—————…響……— . リ​ ， 墨 ​ * ； ^ リ​ )^ ^ 一 ​ ^ * ―― わ​ れ​ ) ^ .... ^ (^ ^ ――― , v * * * ^ v ^ ^ ， - v ― ^ ^ 着^^ 赠 ​ . ， ^ ぱ ​^^^^ . * ( v？ * ， —ま ​ 一 ​ 一 ​！ 一 ​ 十 ​ . 一 ​ . . . さ​ゆ​さ ​ 一 ​ . "力 ​，" . 一 ​ * 畅， 嘛 ​一 ​ \ 一 ​".ん​か​ -^( ^ ^ ^ ^ | | ？ ― ――― き〜麟 ​で​お​ ？が ​ お​ 醫​り？？ 卜 ​ ― ト&，卜 ​…，, ト​ | ^ ほ​ ひ​ズ ​""一​め​力 ​i . 、抓& ！ ！ ほ』 坊"一， . . メ ​ . . ~ . . . . . . (！麵​ 隨​ ^ ^ ^ ひ.， * ！" - 丁 ) - ト​. ^ ^ # ^^！!^, ( ^ ( x * ^ 忖​ひ​ リ​ ， | リ​ ね​vvi||| リ​恥​！^^ぉ​ ) ( ： 【 ^ "柳 ​ 議​ ，,^！*^')^! vぁ​，)!^)*!)―一​. ――― ... ， v 響​— 響​響​醫​響​醫​.. ^ ^ v ！?^*, ， ^ ^ . ， ^ ~ ， ii ― "賴​. * ^ ) v ) # | ^ * —墨 ​ x ^ ^ )^ ^ ――一 ​ * ^ ^ x ――一 ​ 嚇​)！"" ( - ( ^ vび​ * ( ( ^ ――― ^ . i^^^ x *, ^ ^ ！^ )))(*^ ^) ^ ^ 墨​墨​―墨一​.一​一​. ^ ()i* ^ ^ ( ^ ( —一 ​ v お​^融​")， i ( * ！)( ( ^ ――― ) v iii ^ ( ^ ) ^ ( /^ ， ^ ， * 一 ​ * ^ - ( ^ ^ ―" ―――――――――――― ― * ^ ――――――――， ^ v 朋​附​ ^ |^|^ ^ ―――――――― ) ^ ^ ^ ^ x ( ――――― ^ ^ ――――――――― ^ ^) 響​響​響​響​響​——響​——————————響​昏​昏​—響 ​ iii ^ ^ ^ i墨​-..響 ​ダ​〜- ( 赛​&ま​に ​ & ―〜 お ​ | ^さ​ ！ さ​ &も​抓​ マ​《わ​" ^ ^―' 《 : : き​iさ​-』 ニ​^)よき​ ^ す ​ ^ |~ v ― め​抓​^!"^ ~ふ​"^ ^ ^ (^ ^ ^ ^^ * & ii 一 ​ ；； マ​ー​^ 《"―^ * お​二 ​ ， ii 轉 ​ 一 ​ め​ . . '^^？^ " . . . . 翁 ​ 丁 ) ^ ) ^x^ ) ！ "。！ ^ リ​"れ​^ ー​ "！ ^ ^ | | | 。！^": 【 * ^ ^ * * & ) ^ *^ ^ ^ )^^(^^ ~ & — ( - ^ | * ？ * ^ ？ ( ( ( ^^(i........... ii i ^ ii) [議​ iv ！& * ^ * * . 一​. x ――― * ^ v ^ ―― リ​ . リ​ . 一 ​ * ^ け​ ^ ^― 》 墨​醫​響 ​ ^/ v (！ . *( x * * 細​| 墨 ​ | … 争​ お​ 一 ​| ^ 墨 ​ 墨 ​ * ^ 墨 ​ 墨 ​^ 墨 ​ ^ —―――――――― ^ ――――――― x 議 iv x 賺​* * ^ . . x ) ^ —響​. , ^ , * * * * * * ( x ^ *^ , v —響​… * ^ - * ^ ^x ^ が ​ 一 ​ iii ^ ^ ゆ ​ 、 . . . 十 ​ . . 』 . ^さ​;! さ ​ . . . . . 一​ さ​ ： ^| 〜？ ； "；^"お ​ ^ ^ さ​ さ​ ニ​^ ^ ^ ^ ^み​一​力​"一​一 ​ め​か​一​一​&x十​"（！！。 i & 十 ​さ ​ . . . . . . ，ー​〜旳​ &^カー​一 ​ . . . . . び​藝​ !^( ゑ​關​^ ^ ^！^., ^ * - ^^ (！^ /^一​八​『 ^ じ​ 了​ 八​(：丁​ 八​一​ ) ( — "。「に​ 。。卬​口 ​ iiは​v 八​― 了^ &ー ​ ^了 ^ 為​一​ ？し^ 八​ー​ ^) ' ド​ 八​ー​ ^ 饧​づ​円​ お ​^一​ 了^ ^ ^^丁​ し​ぽ​八​~ 丁​八​了 ​ 了 ​ ^し​^ 八​ ゑ​一​ ^ ゑ​一​ ^ ^ /^一​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「^ ゑ​一​ 丁 ​(^^(： 丁​ ^ ぐ​ * ^ 「 の​ ， 「 お​& ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ づ​ ^ 「 - ^ われ​: 「 ほ​^ミ​^#^) ( 卜​ 「 「 ^ ^ ^ ( ！ ホ​ x ^ x 口​「。リ​は​ 。 ""ほ​" ザ​。「 ^ * ^ * 仃​ な​ 「 |^ ^# i卜​ 丫 ​ 「 づ​ づ​ ^ ^ 树​れ​卜​「 ^) ^ 卜​ 「 ， 「 れ​ ， れ​ リ​ ， x ^ づ​は​ 门​丁​「 な​ ^ 「 乂​ ^ , ^( , 「"：ぉ​*！".〉 丁​「 「 「 ( ) ^ ^ ^ ゲ​ ! x (^ ^^ |^ ^ ^ x || ： \ ^ \^ ^ ！ ( ^ ~ ^ホ​ ^ザ​ 「リ​ほ​ぁ​は​ づ​ ^ ~ ^ ^ ^ ( ( 「 * ザ​xv ^(% 「 ザ​ - ^ ^币​i门​ 「i币​^ ， 丁​ * ^ ^ ^ 「 & ^ ( ま​" ^ - ぉ​ ^ ( ^ ^ ( ホ​ * ^ 「 & ^ ^ ^ ( 「 ^ づ​ 「 ^ (^乂​*&が​ ^ i。 ， 「 ^ れ​ 「门​： ( 〜"ゆ​辨​ ゲ ​ ( ！ 卩 ​ 「に​^ | ^ # . ! ^ ^ ^ "！^ ^ じ​ 巾​口 ​ 「 iiは​ソ​"）. * れ​ ね​卜​ リ​ ^ ( ザ​ 「 ^ ^ ！！^ひひ​^は​ れ​ - ほ​" だ​幻​. 卿​ ^ だ​,！！ホ​^ づ​"| ( ^ & 。ザ​ ( "柳​^ ^ 仃​ "； ^ & 「 ^欲​あ​ ， け​。 ；八​め​ ，， ^ ； 「, ^ ； "け​ね​ ， 「| づ​，^ ^ ( -^ \^ 「 ^： ； viづ ​ ^に​ ， ~ は​卜​ ^ || お​ 「 ) , れ​ &卜​ リ​ ( * ^ ^ ^ ！. ？：^ | ： # ^ 「 ， ^ ^ ，"柳 ​お​^ ソ​， ^ 卜​ ( ， め​ 「 ^ 「 ( ( ^ - 「 リ​ 「 , - &ザ​ 「ホ​ 将​iホ​ 「 「 ii ( iiii卜​ 「 ほ​ も​^ 叵​ ^门​(！， け​ ^ iii ^ 。「巾​ ^ ^ ^ & ii ^口​ け​& ソ​^ ^ ホ​ ^- ！ ザ​ 丫 ​ リ​ 八​， ^ ^ ^ ^ vほ​ ) ^ ( ホ​。 口口​「 口​" ^ ^ 「 「 ^ は​. ザ​ 「 仃​ 「 ^ ^ リ​ ^ 「 ^ け​, x ( ぉ​「 ^ "卜​れ​ぱ​は​"： ^ な​ 「 口​ は​ ^ ^ ^ ( - ^ ^ ) ^ ザ​ ： ^ ； ^ ) v ^ ^ ホ​。^ 口​ け​〜 ^ 「， ^ | | ^ ^ 「 ( x 口​ は​〜^ ^ ^ 「 口​ ^ 「 - ^ ^ 「 ； 「 ： ^ ^^ "「"抓​ ほ​^ ^ 口​ 「ぉ​マ​れ​ * リ​「 ^ ，vi， ^ ^「 ^ け ​ ( ^ 乂 ​ ^ 乂​ 「の​ 门​i ひ​ (& 「 ^ ^ ^ヒ​ゲ​ ^は​& ( x の​ ？ & x ^ ^ ，"れ​ix， . ^ ， ，し​ づ​ 门​ ^ i门​i ^x リ​の​ 「づ​ ^^ 「 卜​ ( ^., ひ​ . ほ​，"。"ひ​ i卜​ 口 ​ 「 . )，丁​「 门​"阳​ 「 |埘​ v， ^ ^ ^ ま​v x ^) ザ​。「 めき​ ^ ^ 丫​。/^, ！^. 丫​.^丄​， ^ ^， 「 || リ​ : ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 事​ づ ​ ) 「 ) ^ 「 ： ^ 「 . ； 鳴​ 「 ^ ^ . ^ 「 ( ^/ ザ​ 「^ ^ づ​ & 巾​ 矿​ ^ ； 口​が​ 「 ! & 「 「 口​ は​ &iiザザ​ix ， ^ 仃​ |^"'"お​ は​ 「 乂​れ​^！' ^) ^ ^ 「 ^ 「^ ^ が​口 ​ "^！ "^v i^% ザリ​ & ほ​# 仃​ ^ ^づ​ 聊​ ^ ^ (^ ^\% 「 ほ​ ^ は​ づ​ズ​ 「口​ け​ ( ^ ^ ( ^ ^ - ^ 「 i「 ( ^ リ​ 门​ i卜​ ！# | ^ |||^ ^ ^ ^ ^ づ​ ザ​ づ​糾​は​卜​ リ​ 卜 ​ ザ​ ^ - ^ ^ 「 ^)出​iv， 「 ^ ^ リ​ ( ^^ づ ​^ ^ ^ | 口リ​ ^ ， ^ ^ 「 ^ ^ 丫 ​^ リ​ 「 ザ​ 「 ^ ^) ！ 牝​は​卜​ 仃​ お​.^ ~ ^ づ​ ， ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 ザ​ 「 . ^ 「 ^ ザ​ 「 ( ^ ザ​加​ 「 ^ 「 ) 「 | ^ - ザ ​ 「 ^ ^(^ ( 「 ^ ^ ^ 「 \ ) ^ ^ザ​ リ​「 ^ ^ づ​ ( ^ ^ れ​ 「 ^ ) ( ( ， リ​ぴ​ vv v ).山 ​ お​賴​ 「 ， 八​ ^" ^^ ( ( ^ x ^ ^ ザ​ & 仃​ ね​. ザ ​ 打​ は​ ^^ v ザ​ 「 ^ 「 v ^ ソ​^ ^) け​ 卜​ ^ ^ ^ ザ​づ​ ( ^ ^ ^ 「 ザ​ 「 「 ( れ​。リ​ 「 ^「 vヒ​ ^ ^ . 丁​卜​ 「 ( け​ね​ ザ​ ( ザ​ 「 # は​ 卜​ ( 「 ( . ^ ^ ^ ほ​仃​:は​ ザ​ 「 ( ザ​化​ リ​^ づ ​ i门​の​ ， ^ 口​「 ^ vづ​！リ​ほ​ね​ぱ​ 「 「^ ( し​ リ​ ； ， ^ ^ 「 ^ 〜 卜​ iii /^！ぉ​に​ ， ^ ^ ^ 门​ リ​ : ， ) ^ リ​！リ​ 门​な​ * 「 は​ づ ​ 「 ^ ホ​ 「糾​は​"化​ な​ リ​ 「 脚​ 「 ^ v ^ ^ザ​ 「 れ​ 「 ^ 「( ^ ^ ( ザ​^ ^ ( ^ー​ ^ x ix八​.一​八​「 ^ ^ ^ ひ​* リ​ リ​「 リ​.i门​ザ​ リ​「 (お​ 「乂​， づ​，^ リ​「し​リ​ リ​ づ​ ， づ​\^「 ^ほ​), ^ 「 「 「 「 れ​卜​ヒ​卜​ 「 ( ( ^ ， v リ​ 乂 ​ ^ ほ​"！。。 i卜リ​ 巾​ 「乂​^^ 卜​ ほ​丁​^ ？ け ​ ザ​丫​ 〜 ^ ？ 「に​ ^ ひ​ リ​门​iv リ​~ ，丁​卜​ ^ 卜​ ( 「 〜 「ソ​^^ # 门​づ ​ ^ ！^ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ザ​ 「 & ^ ぃ​「| . れ​八​ ^ iv口​ ザ​口​ 「 「 ^ & 「 | 「 — 「口​ 「 口​ づ​ づ​^ — づ​ ザ​i门​ ^ | ^^ ^： 「 ？ け​，づ​ 「 &^ ^ 「 ^ 。 〜け​ ^ v卜​ リ​ 口​ 口リ​ ゎ​ 。ザ ​ , 「動​「 ， 『^ 『 ( ^ 「卩​ 「 づ​口​ 「 门​ぼ​ づ​ ^ 「 口​ は​ ザ​ ^ 「 ^ ^ (^ 「 ^ ^ ！' ( リ​ づ​ 「 ^ ^ ザ​ ^ 「 口 ​ ^ ^ (：は​iお​， リ​ま​， ^ ^ x リ​ ， ^ ^ ^ ザ​ ^ x ^ ： 「 リ​ 卜​ ^ に​ ) 丫​ 「に​ ^ ^ 化​ ！乂 ​ れ​ ほ​ づ​ ( ^ ^ ^ 丫 ​ 「に​ づ​^ふ ​丁 ​ ^ ^ ビ​づ ​ ^ ^リ​ 糾​丫​ 「に​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 リ​ 卜​ ^ ^ 丫​ ル​ 「 「 ( 加わ​ 「（：レリ​^^ (^じ​り​、) ^ 卩​リ​卬​ ；お​ 「 リ​ゅ​ ん​ に​ 「 ^ リ​ リ​ れ ​ ^ ^ x i门​^^ ^ i门​ ^ 「 ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^门 ^* ^( ^：け​ 「づ​^\^). ^ ) ザ​ 「 ^ ( け​，じ​ 门​门​ (^ (^ ^ ^ 「 ^) は ​iii ^ ， ^ ^ &^ ^ ザ​ 「 ^リザ​ x ^ x ^ ^ ザ​ 「 \^ ^ ^ ^ に​ ^， ^化​ リ​ 「 ( ( づ​ 「i卜​ ^ \ ？ ^ ^ 卜​ 「 ^ ^ 「 ザ ​ ^ 〜 x じ​ 乂​糾​は​卜​i卜​ ^ ^ ^ ザ​ 「 ^ * ^ ^ ： ii ^ ザ​ 「 ^け​。ゼ​ ^^ ^円​ 八​ ^ ， ， 门​づ​ ~ ， * じ​ 门​ リ​ リ​「 リ​^ 门​ づ ​ ^ - ザ​ 「 ^ づ​^ ^( 门​ 「 糾​は​卜​ リ​i 「口 ​ 「 ii卬​は​ ， ， ^ ^ ザ​ ^ リ​ ^ ^ ザ​ 卜 ​ ^ ^ ゲ​ ？^ ^ ^ ^ ~ づ​が​ ノ​ ゎ​ 门​づ​ ！: ~ ， ^ ^ 〜 「 ^ ( v "(リ​に​^ "リ​ ！ ゆ​。""づ​が​ ノ​ i。 i"ほ​「 口​ は​， "は​卜​ ^ ^ ， , 「 「 * 卜​ 〜 ， ^ は​ ！ 「 x ^ "は​ii ^ * ； i卜​ ) 「 ひ​【 リ​巾​巾​ 「 づ​ ^ ザ​ ^ 「 卩​ 「 シ​丁 ​ ^ 「 じ​ 门​ (^ リ​ ，が​ ， ^^ぉ​ョ​じ​(！リ​ れ​ ， ， ^ ^ - ^^ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^」 「 ソ​， 丫​ 「に​，？ v^ ！ # ^^ ^ & 门​づ​，ソ​ 卜 ​の​ 门​ ， \^ ！ii 丁​ 「 ( は​ づ ​ザ​ 「 门​ リ​ ， 〜リ​ 卜​ リ​ ^ ^ ( ( ！ ^&： "化​ ！" 众​"暴 ​ ？ ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ : ん​i 化​ 「 ( ： ^ ) ( 「 ： れ​は​卜​ ， 「 ^ ザ​ ^ 「巾​抑​.， .も​咖 ​^ * (：は​v ザ​ , 「巾​ ^ , リ​^ "！ ) が​ ( 「 ，..， , ^ ^ ^ 〜は​卜​ ^ 「 ^ ^ 「 门​は​ づ​匕​v ^ ^「 ザ​ * .八​ii ^ ^ ^ ザ​ 「 ^ ^ ！ ホ​ & ^) は​ 「 ， ！" リ​ リ​じ​ 卩​ ： v 「 |^ - i卜​ 门​ リ​iリ​」リ​づ​！&が​ ほ​仃ね​ 丁​卜​ は​v ！" リ​ リ​， x ^ 弁​は​ii v リ​ リ​，ほ​ ^ ^ 门​ づ​ 「 卩​！^^&的​. 丁​/^ ^ 丁 ​ ？ し​ぽ​/^i 丁​八丁 ​ 丁​に​/^し​八​ 八​ ザ​ れ​ ^ 门​ 「 ( ザ​ の​ ひ​ 口​ は​ 「 ザ​ 「 ^ ( ^ ^ * 「糾​は​* ^) ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 卜​； 卜​づ​ 「 ザ​ ^ ！' 〜は​卜​め​" ( ( 仃​。口​。 れ​。 ^ x 「 は​^ミ​^) ^x ^ ( 门​づ​ 「づ​，づ​ リ​ 口​ づ​ザ​ 「リ​ ^ 「 ^ は​ ： i卜​ 口​「 ( リ​(：ぉ​。*！， ^ ほ​， ^ ^ づ​ ( 仃​ 口​ 「 ， 丁​^ ^ ^^ 「 ^ ^ ^づ​ ザ​^ づ ​ヒ​丫​ 卜​ ^ ザ​^ ^ ^ づ​ リ​^ ， ^ "ヒ​ 口リ​ 卜​ づ ​ 「づ​ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ド​ づ​ 「 ^ ^ づ​ ！"づ​^ - ^ ^ ^ ^「 ， ^ ^ ^ ^卜​ 「巾​ 「 ^「 "は​ ^ 「 , ^ ( 「 ： リ​づ ​ 「 ^： ^ &i , i门​^ は​ な​.八​ ^ ^巾​ 丫 ​ ほ​ ( "ゆ​ ^ ^ 卜​ リ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ホ​ 「 . 丁 ​ ^ v ^ ； 巾​リ​ ^ リ​ ^ - ザ​ ぉ​ リ​ ザ​じ​ 门​リ​ ^ 门​仃​ ^〜リ​ ほ​ ^ ^ づ​ 「づ​ 「 「づ​ 巾​ ひ​ 口​ は​ ^, ^ ， ^ ( ^) づ​ ソ​，リ​「^ 门 ​口​ | リ​ 门​， ^ 口​ ( 「 れ​ホ​， ^ 糾​ ( づ​， ^ /^ 「 ^ ( ザ ​ 〜 「 ^ 「ホ​ 傳​卜​ ^ ^ 了​は​ & ^ ^ ^ 卜​ リ​ ひ​ 了​* ) ザ​ お​ ^、 ^(^ リ​?） き​ (v 巾​ ， 〜 ^ ) ザ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ 门​ ， 「 ^ ^* 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ ザ​i卜​ ^ ^^ れ​は​卜​ ^ x ( ザ​リ​ リ​ リ​^ 、 ~，丫​.， ^ ^ ^ 「 (：は​v， ( ~ は​卜​ 纖​, * 「 ： ： ザ​^ ： ^ 「 「 ， \^ ^ ， 「「 ， ^ 门​. ほ​ ~ ぼ​ま​ ザ​ ^ ^* ( ^ ^ 口 ​ ( ^ ^ リ​门​は​ ^ ^ ^ | v匕​ リ​ づ​ 「 ， ^ ^ ！, 糾​卜​ 「 化​ 「 「 \^^ v^ v^(^ ^ - ( 乂​化​ リ​「 リ​ ^ホ​ ぬ​ ， づ​ ^ づ​^ 「 「 ( 仃​ (：は​！". ^ ^ 门​づ​ 「づ​ 「づ​ ； 门​ ^ ^ 卬​ 「 | ； ヒ​ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ i卜​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^/ ^^ 」 「ソ​ ， . 丁​卜​ ^ 八​ 「 - ( ザ​ 「 ゎ​ ^ 巾​口​「ほ​ (！) 「 づ​ ザ​ づ​ 」 リ​ 「丫​ ， . x ^) ザ​ 「 门​ 「 ^； ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 リ​は​ 丫​づ​リ​「 ( ^ ) ザ​ ^ れ​ の​ リ​ ^ け​| ぉ​ ^ ^ ^ ( 乂 ​ (^ ； づ​( ) 「。"口 ​。ザ ​ 门​ 糾​ - づ​ ザ​；* づ​ 卜​ ザ​ ^* 门​ 糾​ づ​ 「 ^ 糾​ 「 口​"卜​ づ​ 」 门​リ​ 〜 ， . ^ づ​ リ​ ^ ^ リ​ ザ​「。！！） 门​ リ​ # i卜​ ^ ^ 「づ​ ^ 口​が​！ づ ​ね​ ^) ^ x ！门​ 」 リ​ 「乂​ ， ， ( ^ "。お​""，^ ^ ( iii ^ ザ​ 「 ^ ^^ "出​ ^ vi ^ ( 丁​ リ​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ！ ^ れ​は​卜​i卜​ が​ 八​ 门​づ​ 「づ​ づ ​^ ^ ^ v 「 口​口​ づ​，^ ^ 「 ^ ！「 ^ ^( ザ​^ ^ ^ リ​づ​^ 卜ト​ ， ぷ​， ， 八​口​ロ​ ^ 乂 ​ .- ^ ^ ( x^ ザ​ ) ( ？ リ​し​八丁 ​ \ ^ ^ 丁 ​ 丁 ​ ( ^ ( ^ ^ , ^ ^ づ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 れ​卜​ ^ リ​ リ​门​は​.丁​* ^ ， 「 〃； 「 ぉ​ 「 ^ ！^" ^ 乂​づ​门​ ^ リ​巾​ヒ​ 「 ザ​^ 「 门​ ^ ^ ^ ( v ^ じ​^ | 「 ザ​卜​ - * づ​ ( 「卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​ 「 し​〕ド​ 「ザリ​ 「 ザ​ リ​ ， i卜​ 卜​ リ​ リ​ は​づ​ わ​ 卜 ​ ^: 卜​i口​ リ​ ト​ 「 丁​卜​ ^ ( 「 か​i口​ お ​^ 「 ^\^ 什​ &^ ^ リ​ ゎ​ 门​ ， "卜​； ^ ^ & ^ づ​ 卩​ 「 ^ は​ ， 。 乂 ​^ 矿 ザ​「 ， リ​ - 卜​ 口​ 「 ^ ^ 「 口​ ^ ^ 「 ^ ( ^ ザ​「 | | ん​| ^|^( ^^ * ？じ​ - - ， ？ - ^ づ​？ - - け​ | ^ リ​ ^ 「v "が​ザ​"お​ ， ， ( ^ ^ ( 「- 口​ 「 门​ * * - ^ づ​ ^ れ​ 〃卜​ じ​ * ^ に​ ， * ( 「 「 ザ​ ^ ^ 「 门​^ ^ ^ の​ ^ 「 「 门​ づ​， 门​づ​^ ^ ( ^ ザ​化​ リ​ 卩​リ​ ゎ​ ほ ​ii 卜​ 「 ^ 口​ 「 门​！ ほ​ ^ じ​ - \ ソ​ づ​リ​は​ゎ​ リ​ 卜​ づ​の​ 巾​ヒ​ 「 ( \^ ^ ： ^ ^ 〃^ リ​づ​ に​"丁​脚​ ^^ ザ卜​ リ​ づ​ 「 「 づ​ ゎ​门​ "ほ​卜​ づ​： ^ i〜卜​ リ​ づ​ 「 づ​ ザ​ の​ 乂 ​^ リ​ ^ づ​ に​八​ザ​ の​ 乂 ​^ ^ ( ^ ii ^ * ^ 「 が​门​ ^ ^ に​〜 「 が​「 门​ 「 「卜​ 「ヒ​乂​ヒ​ば​ 卜​, 巾​ 「「i^(] , 「 づ​ 口​ に​丁​^ 卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​ 「 ぉ​ | 「 门​ i门​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 ( ^ 「卜​ 「 「 ザ​ 巾​ 丫 ​ x ^ 「^ ザ​ の​ 乂​ゎ​ リ​ ^ づ​ 「 ： 卜​ づ​ 「 リ​ 门​ ( v ^\ 「 ^ ^ | ~^ - 卬​ 「「 づ​ づ​ ^ ^ ^ ( ゎ​ リ​ 卜​ づ​ に ​丁​^ほ​ 「乂​は​- ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ の​ 「「 ^ ^ 「 i门​ ^ - ^巾​ 「「 ， ^ ( —八​ ，づ​ リ​ ^ 「， 口 ​(：！^ぱ​， 矿 ​ づ​ 口​ ( ^ ^ ザ​ ^ 卜​ づ​ 「「 - 「^ ザ​ ^ (：卜​iiづ​ 「の​ 「は​ 丁​卜​ 「乂 ​ x ^ - ^ ^ 门​づづ​ ^^ 「シ​ 门​， \^ 〃 脚​门​〃 ^ ~ ^ 「 づづ​ 卜​ ^ ^ ^ ^「 门​づ​ づ​ 口​ づ​（：门​ づ​「 ， ^ ^ リ​ ^ づ​ 「れ​卜​ 「 ^ ( v 「 「- 「 ^ づ​ 「 ソ​ 「 ザ​ ノ​ 闩​ ほ​(が​" ^ "か​ 门​ ！ ^ ( v ^ * ^( ( ^ ( ^ 「 口​ 「 门​ x ^ ^ ( ザ​ ^ ^ 卜​ づ​ り​じ​门​づ​ 「 ザ ​ i门​ ^ づ​，「 「づ​ ザ ​ 「！ リ​ ， \^卜​ 「 「 づ​ ^ リ​ づ​ 「ヒソ​がけ​卜​，の​ 「「 ， 「 が ​ ^| 「 | リ​ —八​门​乂​ 「 ( * * * づ​ 「 乂​が​は​卜​，の​ 「「 ， 「 ^ に ​ け​ | 「 ぉ​ぷ​', 〃 ( リ​ ，〃 ！," 〃 「 卜​ 「 「 ほ​ ！" "(^！^门​ビ​ ). ~ 「 | ^ —八​门​ソ​口​ 「 门​ ^ ^ - ^ ( 「 づ​ ^ ^ ^ づ​ 「ヒ​乂 ​^の​ 「「； ， 「 づ​ 口​ ； 门​. 巾​ 「 ， 「づ​ 「 ， ^ け​ 「 ， 「 ( ， ^ - 卩​| ソ​ ，改​ 「づ​ ， 门​づ​ザ​ 「（：卜​ づ​「 门​ 「 ^ ( ^ ^ i门​ ( 「乂​， リ​门​ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ "门​「 ( づ​i门​づ​:viづ​リ​ &( ) 卜​ リ​& ~ 卜​。 お​ ^ 「ま​ii 「 リ​ は​) 卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​巾​ ^ ^ 「 ^卜​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「は​） ^ ^ 「 リ​?） リ​ 「 「 ^ ^ 。ザ​ . (/^ ^ 〜 ^ ザ​ 卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​ 「 门​づ​ 「^ 「 卜​ 「卩​ 「 ^ * ^ 卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​^ 「 ^ * 卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​ 「- 乂​ヒ​ 「 び ​ 「ぉ​ 口​ 门​.八​ii ^ ^ ^ 卜​ リ​ - 卜​ づ​^^ 「 ( め​ 卜​ リ​ * づ​ 「 「 「 「づ​ づ​ ^ ヒ​ 「 ザ​^ほ​ ！ 卜​ 「 ザ​ の​！〜.)^〃冚​ 「「 づ​" リ口 ​ ね​ ザ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ ^ 「 リ​の​ 「 づ​ の​ 〜 「 ザ​ ^ 卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​.リ​ ^ リ​ 卜​ づ​ - ザ​ 出​ ， ^ ^ ^ 乂 ​ 口​ づ​ ザ​ 「 リ​ ザリ​ 「 | 口​ 「 门​ ^ ^ ~ 门​ 丁​卜​ の​ リ​ 〃^ 「 ( 「 ^^！^" ( ^ ^^ iiリ​^)匕​ 「 ^ 「 ザ​ の​ 乂 ​ 巾​ヒ​ 「 ザ​^ ( ( 「ザ​ の​ 乂 ​(！ぬ​！！口​ け​ は ​(八​ii ^ ^ ~ 门​ ^ * ^ 「 け​ 乂​ 卜​ リ​「 リ​ ザ​i卜​ ~ ^ 门​ ^ 「 リ口 ​ リ​ け​ 「 ，ジ​ ^ 「 「ぉ​ ザ​が​「 「 叩 ​ は​ 「 「 「 ほ​ ( ： ザ​ ( -^ "れ​づ​ 「 「 に​ ^ (^vれ​ & ^ ^ ザ​ 门​リ​^ 「 ゎ​ 门​ ザ​ "( 「 i師​"" ， 丁 ​ ！"iは​" 。 「 「出​ ザ​ ^ ！' ^ ザ​ v ^ ^ 「 ^ ザ​ ^ iiリ​ 「 ザ​^ ^ i门​ 卜​ が​ ， は​リ​ 门​ i门​ リ​づ​ 卜​ ， ：卜​ ほ​，卜​ 口​は​ ， 「〜 「^ ザ​ 「 ^ | 卜​乂​ に​ 乂 ​ 「 v ^ ^ ^ ； ^ ^ ^ 「 \^ 「づ​ ザ​ 「 ^ が​ し​ 匕​ 「 || 「， 「 ^^ ( ^ ； ^ ザ​ 「 リ​ 巾​ ひ​ [！ 「 ； リ​「 门​ ， 抑​！ - ， づ​ 卜​ ^ ザ​ 「 卜​ ^ ^ ^ ； ^ ； づ​ ！' ^ ；门​^は​リ​" ， 「一​丁​卜​ は​ 「乂 ​ ^ ^ ^ i门​ 「 リ​| |リ​ 「 \^卜​ 「 ！ ！ ^！ ^ ^ づ ​ ^ ^ 卜​ リ​ ， 巾​リ​ ，ザ​ 「 づ ​ お​「巾​糾​ 「に​ 「 ，づ​ 「 は​ ， v 「 「！ ^ づ​ 卜​ 「 リ​ れ​ 「 「 ^ ( 〜 ^ ド​ 「 リ​^) リ​ は​ 「 iザ​ ^ ！ 「 「の​ 「 ^ 「 「 - i卜​ ^ 「 iiな​ づ​ ザ ​i卜​ 「 ； 「 ii 「 ？ リ​ 「 | づ​^ 卜​ 「 * リ​门​は​.？ ^ 「 ( i门​ ( ザ​ ^ 「「 门​ の​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ， 。化​ ！"〃 「 叩​ |リ​ は​ 「 「 ^ ^ 门​リ​ に​「 わ​ 门​ 卜​め​ 口​ 口 ​ ^ .丁​卜​ ^ ^ 「 「 ^ 巾​ は​ 「丫​ヒ​^「"(：に​ ， 卜​ | ， ( 「 は​ 「 ， 「 ： 「 「は​v づ​む​ 「 ；ひ ​ ； ^ ^ 「 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ 「^ ザ​^ ^ ( ^ ^ リ​ リ​ 「 ( | 〜^ 「 ； 丈​ ザ​ザ​^ ^ ^ | リ​ 「 「 ； づ​^ - ^ ( i门​^ #《 口​^ リ​ 乞​ ^「巾​v 卜​ け​ 「&，「 「 わ​ ， . ズ ​了​卜​ ^ 乂​糾​ 「 づ​ ^ づ​ザ​「 の ​ ^ 「 リ​ ， ^ 化​ ^ ^ ザ​ が​「 ， 丁​^ ^ ^ \^ 「 づ​ 「~ づ什​ 巾 ​ 门​ 效​ 「 卩​リ​ な​ 门​ ， ^ ^ 〜 ^ ^ ザ​ 门​ ， ^ - x ^ ^ 口 ​ ( ザ​ 「 「 「 リ​が​ 「 リ​づ​ぉ​ ^ ヒ​ ザ​ ^ 「 ( 「 ド​ 「 "お​i。。 ザ​(卜​ ^ づ​ リ​ x ， ^ ^ 口​ 门​づ​ix "じ​ひ​の​- ^ 「 ヒ​ \^ ^^( づ​ - ？ ザ​ 「 ； 「 リ口​ ノ​ * ^ ザ​「 づ​^ ^ & リ​「 リ​「 ザ​ (^ ザ​iづ​ け​； か ​ - ( ^ ^ ；は​^ ^ v | 「ゃ​リ​ ： ：^： お​ザ​； ほ​！ 。 ザ​ ^。(：に​. ^ ^ ^ - ザ​。「 & ；。。 「 ^「 リ​ ^ ほ​-，づ​ 门​iば​； - (^,れ​ づ​ お​^ ^ & "け​《ほ​iiけ​；"" 。 ヒ​乂​^ ^) (^ 「^れ​ ^ 「 ^は​卜 ​ ゅ​め​ ソ​ ぉ​ ^〜-i门​ 卜​ほ​「 口​ 「ん​ 廳​" 「 ( 「 づ​ザ​ 「卜​ リ​ ； "が​",^ ~ - ^^ ( ix .- ^ 乂​口​ 门​ ザ​ | | 卜​ 「 「 ぉ​は ​ づ​ ， づ​お​ ^ ^ ^ 「 ザ​ ゎ​ 卜​ づ​ \ ド​ 「口​ 「 门​ ^ ( ^ 口​「 ソ​ づ​ 「 ( 门​ i卜​ 卩​リ​ 门​， ！卜​ 「 ザ​ 口​ 「 が​ 卜​ 「 ^ &リ​ ； ^ 糾​ リ​ 「， \ 「 口​ ( 门​ ^ ^\ ^ザ​ 「 卩​ 「 门​ 「， ゎ​ ザ​；「は​「 「 ( 「 ^ ^ 卜​ ？ 「 门​^ ( 了​* ； i& ^ ^ ザ​ / 门​ リ​ ( 「 づ​リ​「 〜卜​に​卜​ ^ 「 ャ ​^ が​「 门​ ザ​ ^ 「 ^ づ​. 丁​卜​ 「乂 ​"〜卜​は​ 〃 リ​づ​ 卩​ 「 门​ 押​卜​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 /ん​ ， ^ ^ 「 ^ \ (：は​おけ​v ^ ^ ^ i门​ ザ​^ ^ ^ 「 ( ^ 「 ( ^ |リ​ 门​ ！「 リ​ 「 「 ^ (^ | 「の​ ， は​ ； ，し​ * ， 「 ^ ； ん​i门​ ^) ^口​ 「 门​ ^ \ \ (：は​ぉ​ほ​v ^ ^ (v ザ​i卜​ ( ^ 「 ヒリ​ の​ 「に​ づ​，， ^ 「，， づ​^ 「 ^ ^^ | ？リ​ 「 に​ ， お​ x ， 「 ^ん​じ​ 门​れ​ 「 ^^ ^ i门 ​ ^ 「" 「 「\^ i门​ ^ # ^ ザ​ 卩​ 「 门​ れ​ 「 - (^ ^ ^ "^^！^" 「乂​. 丁​* 「乂 ​" i^^i^" ( ^ ^ 「 ^ ^ i卜​ 汁​「 ^ 「 ~ 「 ， ^ ^ 「 门​ 〜！" \ \ ぬ​"け​v * ^ (v ザ​ * ^ ii 「 ^ (* ^ ^ リ​ ゎ​ 门​ げ​ 「 ^ は​ づ​ 「 ^ 」 ヒ​ 门​， ^ ？ 门​，ル​ i门​づ​ほ​门​， は​； ， 门​. 「v "八​^ 「！ | ^ ， ，ぉ​ト ​の​ ， ( 八​ ) 〃 (^^ 「 ^ お​"ザ​ ^ ( ^ リホ​ ザ ​ ) 口​ け​ じ​「 「 ， ぉ​ は​ ， \ 「 卩​ は​(卜​ 巾​ ^ ザ​ ^ ^ 「 「 ^ * ザ​ ^ ひ​ ) 「 「 ^ リ​(：卜​ 仃​ じ​ 门​ づ​； 门​ ， 「「 (^ 八​卬​ 「 づ​； ， 「 口​ 卜 ​^ 「 ( ^ 「 (：ほお​ づ​ ^ * ( 丁​卜​ 「乂​##^ ？ ^ x 「" ；。 ？ ， づ​ ， ^ ^ 「 ゃ​ 「 门​ リ​ ゎ​ ， ^ ^ 「 门​ ^ ；门​づ​； づ​ ^ ！「 「 じ​^ ， ^ ^ ^」 口​ ，八​ ！ 门 ​に​ 「 门​，\^ 巾​ ， - ^ ：： # 门​， 「 ^ 丁 ​ ザ​ 「 ^ づ​？ ^ ほ​ づ​ 「ノ​ ^ ^ ： 暑​" vザ​「 ^ "口 ​ " "i"！ は​ 卜​ れ​门​！门​ & ？ ， x ^ ^ i卜​ 「 リ​^ iほ​ づ​ ヒ​ リ​ お​^ | 「 门​ ( で​化​" ^ 门​づ​？ ！！| ^ づ​ に​〃丁​ゎ​ - * ^ 卜​ ！"八​ ； づ​？ ； ！ & づ​ 「〃 ^ ( ^ ^ ^ 口​「 リ​ づ​ づ​れ​「は​ ，わ ​ 「( ザ​ リホ​^\ づ​？ ！？ づ​ 「 「 じ​ じ​ (^ ， . ^ ^ ド​ に​ 门​ . ^ ^！) ！ ^ 「 づ​ 「化​ 〃 ド​ - 「乂​，？ ^ \^ \ v ^ ^ ^ ザ​ ^ ^ 「 ^ ^「 ザ​ 卜​ 门​ 门​ - iiな​ づ​ 匕​ リ​ ぉ​ぷ​.， ^ ( ^ ^ ゆ​ 「 ^ ( ^v^ ^ v x 〜口 ​ ， 门​ 「 ザリ​ ( ( ^ 」 | 门​ 八​卬​ 糾​ 「 ^ ( ^ ( ； 「 ザ​ ^ ^ ^ 门 ， 化​. ほ​「 ^〜 ^ ^ ザ​ 「 の​ ゅ​ 「 ザ​ 卜​ リ​ ， 卜​ づ​， 〜 「 〜 ^ ^ i卜​ ^ ( リ​ 「ョ​じじ​。*^；门​ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ 「 「 ザ​ ^ 「卜​ じ​ ^ づ​ の​ 「 ( 「リ​ ザ​^ - ザ ​卜​ 卜​ づ​「 川口​.け​「 〜 ^ ザ​ 「 乂​ 门​ | ^ * リ​ * づ ​ x ^ ^ \ ( 口 ​ 乂​ しれ​ 「 ザ ​ 卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​ 「 i门​ 口​「 リ​！ リ& 乂​口​「 ( 卜​ 卜​ づ​^ お​ 门​ ^， 丁​卜​； ^「 ^ 「 ほ​ リ​ 「 ザ​ ^ ^ 「 卩​「 ^ - ^ 八​| 口​ づ​ix ，"八​ 「 v ザ​ ノ​# ^！^^^)(；^ ^ 口 ​ ( - ？^ \ ザ​ 「^ 「 リ口​，一 ​丁​卜​ 「 巾​ 乂​お​づけ​ザ​ 「 门​ 「 卩​ 「 ^/ ^ ( お​ザ​ 「 「 「 リ​^^ ^ ^ 「 ^ ^x ( ^ ^ ？ ^「 ^ ？ ， ？ ， ( "ゆ​^ 门​づ​ ^ ^x わ​ ^ ？ ^「 ^ ？ ^ ^ 「 リ​ 卜​ )， ^ ^ ^ ホ​ 「 リ​は​ ザ​ 巾​が​；门​ ^ 「 乂​， ^ ( ； 「「 に​ ^ ( ^: づ​は​ ^ 「 ん​ 〜口​ 「ザ​ 「巾​ づ​ 化​ 〜口 ​ り​リ​ リ​ 门​ ^ ，(「 「 x^) き ​ ザ​ の​卩​ 门​ リ​ ^ は​v 门​ ( 「「 「， 八​口口​ &x ， "/^处 ​「 v ザ​化​ ゾ​ ） ， リ​「 お​ ^ ^ 卩​「 ！ ，ホ​,「 ^ i门​ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( 「 x ^ 「 ん​ れ​ 门​づ​ づ​は​化​ 口​ "- ザ​ ^ ^ ^「 ^ ^ リ​ ^^ 八​づづ​は​ ザザ​ れ​ 「 ( ^「 - 「 ( ^ 「 「！ ( 「 ^ ^( 「 口​ ， 丁​卜​ ( ザ​ ！卜​ 「 \^ 「^リ​ 「 リ​ 门​ゎ​ 乂​ 乂​「 ほ​ 「 叩​ づれ​ 「 ゅ​ヒ​ 「 ， ^ 「 〜 . ^ ^* 化​ 〃 ^ 「〃 「 じ​ じ​ 「乂​ ^ ザ ​^ 「 ^ ^ ^ホ​ 「 。 ^ や​ x ( リ​ ！ ^ 「 卜​け​ づ​ &( ^ 「 「 ^ ^( リ​「 「 i门​ 门​ ， 门​リ​ | 「 ザ ​^ - &ゆ​卜​ 「 ^ づ​^ 〃 ^ ド​，「 ^ ^ リ​口​卩​ ( \^「は​ 门​ ひ​^ ； じ​ 门​ づ​ ( ，？ 卜​，し​ ： ^ ？ リ​ 「 ， 「」 ^ ；^ ^〜卜​ (^ れ​づ​ヒ​ づ​ ^ ^ v ザ​ ^ ^ ； 「 「 . 「リ​「 「 「 ， ^ 「 门​ ^ " (^" 「 口​ 「 づ​ ^ ^ | し​ ゎ​ ， ゎ​ し​ ^ # ^ 「 ^ ^ 卜​ 「 づ​？ ^ ( ^ 「" v糾​卜​ヒ​卜​， 「 ^ * ( ^ ^\ 门​づ​ド​ け​ヒ​ ^ ！' ( ^ ( ， リ ​」 ， ^ ， 「 ( ， ^ . リ​ 「 ^ ；「 ^ 门​づ​？ ほ​门​づ​ 「 | 卩​リ​に​ん​ & 门​〜 ザ​「 山​ 卜​ ^ ^ リ​ ； ， 什​ i卜​ ？ ！ リ​ ゎ​ 门​ ， ザ​ 「卬​ ； ^ v ( ^ 卜​ ， 化​ ^ ザ​ホ​ ^ ： ^ ^ 门​づ​ づ​は​俯​「 ポ​门​ 「 乂 ​ ^ ^ づ​「 ゎ​ 「リ​ 「； ^， ^ -^ 「 门​ 「 リ​ リ​ 乂​ 「 ザ​ 「 ヒ​ リ​「び ​ザ​ 「 | ^ づ​ ザ​ 「 「 じ ​ 化​ ザ​づ​ 「 リ​ 门​ ザ​ 「 リ​ は​ リ​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ， リ ​ ^リ​ ， ！'ザ​ x リ​ ， ^ ^ ^ . ( ^ 「 卜​ ^ ^ づ ​？ づ​ 「 口​ 卩​リ​ ； ， ^ 巾​口​， ザ​ リ​「 「 ^ (vづ​ リ​ ね​ ( ^ ^づ​ ) 糾​は​ ^) x ^ ^)^ リ​ 「； ； は​v ^ ^ ^ ) ^ (v ^ 也​ "— け​ザ​ 「 ^ ( リ​ ^ ( ヒ​乂 ​「 「 〜 ^ ^ ^ | vザ​ 「 ^ 「 「 リ​？ .ド​ 「 ， 「 リ​ ^ 「 ザ​ ^ '！ ^ 口​ 巧​ 门​ 「 口​ け​ づ​ホ​ げ ​ - づけ​ザ​ 「 ソ​ ^ リ​ ^ ： ^ ； * ^ ザ​ザ​ 「 - 卜​ リ​匕​ ； ^ i卜​ リ​门​ づ​^^^^！(；^ 「 ^ "讽​门​は​ ，， ？ ( リ​ お​ づ​ 卜​ " ^^ , . . ，〃 矿 ​で​ ) ！"" 「 ^ ( |め​ ^ "^！i ^ 「" ^ ^ ？リ​ ^ に ​^巾​リ​(：卜​ - ！' 「 ( ザ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i门​ 化​ i门​ 「 - ^ 「 ^ 卜​ ほ​ - ^ り​リ​ む​ げ​ ^ ^^ 「." | ， ^ ^ 〜卜​ 巾​ 「 ( づ​化​ " \^^v 「 「丫 ​ づれ​「 口​ 卜​づ ​ ^ ^ x ，ゾ​ 门​ リ​ ！ ^\し​ . ^ 「 「 (^ ザ​ づ​ "〜卜​は​ ノ ​i。 ， ^ 口​ 「 れ​ 「 「 (^ ザ​ リ​i「 ， ( ^ ^ 「" ！^. お​ 「 リ​は​ ザ​ ん​ ( 「 ！""i ^ ( ^ け​ザ​ 「 「 ^) ヒ​乂 ​ ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ ザ​ * ( ^ 。「ゆ​。^ ^) ( ^ ( ，， ホ​ ド​ 「 ^ リ​ 〜 ^ ^ * ゆ​ 「ホ​ ^ ^ - ) ^ix .- ^ x^ 门​ ゎ​ ザ​ ) ^ ^ ^ ^ |^ * & ^ ^^ 巾​口 ​ ^ - ^ ^ ザ​ 「仂​ ^ ^ ^ ^ & * * —丁​卜​ 「 ^ vヒ​ づけ​ザ​ 「 ^ 「 口​ 「 ^ ^ ( 门​ * 「 ；门​卩​ 卩​リ​ ^ -( 「じ​ ""： | ^ ， ？ ( ^ づ ​ ^ ^ リ​ ； ひ​ ヒ​ ド​ ， ？ . iiズ​, - - ^ づけ​ザ​ 「 じ​ ^ * 矿​ "は​ ^( ii リ​ 「 ； v， - 口 ​ 「「 「， づ​ 「 x ^ づ​は ​口​「 づ​リ​「 ザ​ 「化​ 口 ​ 门​ 卜​/(" 卩​ ヒ ​ ^ ( 门​i卜​ ( リ​ リ​ ほ​ ， (ト​ 矿​ x( ( ザ​ ^ ( リ​ 「卜 ​ ^v づ​ ^ ( 「「 「， /^口​- ) づ​ix ， #^ 「 v ザ​ 卜​ ノリ​i门​- 「 门​ 〜 リ​ ！ づ​ じ​ 卜​ ち ​ 卜​ ザザ​ (^ ザ​ 卜​ 「 x^ ^ ^ ^ 「 「 ！^ 〜は​ づ​， ^ - ^ ^ リ​ ^ 「 リ​ リ​ 〜^ ^「 - 「 リ​「 ザ​ 「づ​ 门​ 卜​ ^ ^ ^ ^x 化​ ザ​づ​； 仃​ リ​- 「 ^ ^ v 「 ^ ^ ^) . .， リ​ ^ ， 「ザ​ x 钫​ ， ^ ， 化​.)，化​ ^ )^ ザ​ほ​リ​「 伤​ 〜づ​ リ​ ！ 。づ​&^。リ​ づ​ リ​ づ​^ ^ * x ザ​ ^ ^ ^ リ​ 「； 匕​ "化​ホ​ ^ ^：| ^ ^は​ii — づ​ ^ 「 が​ 「 づ​ 「 じ​ ソ​ ^ ^) - )^は​卜​ ^ ザ ​ ザ​ リ​ 「 ^ ！' ；门​ ^ 〜， リ​ 「 ^「 リ​ 巾​ ホ​ リ​ ， 「 リ​ 「 ザ​ * ( 口リ​ 门​, 「 x ^ ^ づ​ ！ ， づ​ ^ v x 「 ^ ^| ヒ​乂 ​ ^ リ​「 リ​糾​は​卜​ ^ ザ​ づ​ ^ 卜​ ^ 「 リ​^^， ^ ザ​ザ​ は​ 卩​「 ^ ^ 门​ 乂​| | 门​， ( け， 「 ^ 「 卜​ 门​リ​ | 「 - ( リ​ 「 .ん​ ，ホ​ ^ リ​门​づ​ リ​「 リ​は​ づ​ - ザ​ ^ リ​iリ​ii& 〜 の​- 「 ザ​( 「 门​ ( 门​i。 「； わ​^ 「 ( ^ ぉ​「 ^ . ホ​ ^ ^ 「 ；门 ​^ ^ ^ ；^ ^ ^ づ​ 门​ザ​「 ^ | i门​じ​ リ​づ​ づ​ ^ - ^ ザ​ ^ 〃~ ， ( 门​！ 卜​/ ほ​口​ 〃 ホ​ ^「 「v i卜​ リ​ ゎ​ ， (丁​^ 「「 卩​ づ​ 门​ ^ 「 ( 化​ リ​ . & ， ^ 〃 ひ​ 「 リ​^) ^ 「！ 门​ \^ づ​ づ​ リ​ 「 ^) づ​ お​巾​； ( は​「卩​「 づ​^ ；ザリけ​卜​ 「冚​ 「 ， ^ づ​ 门​ "！^ x^ ，^卬​ ^ 〃 〃じ​^； 〃 ^ 「 ^ ^ i卜​ ^ 「 ね​ |リ​ . 门​ホ​ リ​ ， * リ​ ( 门​ほ​* 「 ^ ( づ​ ザ​ 门​ 乂​ & ^ 「 ^ 口 ​ ザ​ ^ ^ ( ； ^ ， ( ^ ^ 「 れ​ リ​ わ​ れ​ に​ ^ ザ​ リ​ 「乂​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ii『 ii 丁​卜​ づ​ ^ 门​「 の​ れ​ 「 ^ -^ ^ザ​「 闬​ 门​ れ​ 「 ^ ( ， ， ^ . ？ 「 「 じ​ け​； づ​ ^ ^ ii 卜​ 乂 ​「 ( ひ​ づ​ れ​ づ​ 「 | 「 (^ 「 v ^ ^ ド​ 「じ​ 「乂​ ， ， 门​づ​ ^ ^ ザ​ ^ ^ リ​ 「 (^ ^ づ​ ザ​ 门​ づ​ iiじ​「 「乂 ​ ^ ^ ( 「 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ ！, x * ^ ^ ( 卜​ 卜​ ^) づ​i口​ 「 づ​ 「 & iii 「 づ​ 「ヒ​じ​ 门​ (^ ， 口 ​ 乂​ 「 ん​ ， 「 i卜​「 卜 ​ リ​ 「 ^ 「 卩​ 「 づ​ ^け​ 卜​ ^ 「 づ​は​ ^ ^ ^〜 「 「 ^ づ ​ ザ​ 「 「 リ​ 「 卬​ 「乂 ​ (^ ，卜​iゆ​ (^ ， 「 . ^ (^ 门 ​糾​ 「 ヒ​ 「 ^ 「 づ​ 「 づ​ リ​「 「乂 ​ ^ ii i卜​ ^ ^ ^ i门​- ^「 i门​ 「 ( ^ ザ​は​ ( 「 - リ​i ^け​ 门​〜 じ​ 「 糾​ ^ (^！リ​づ​「 i门​ づ​ ( 「 ( 「 「 〜 「 「 ( ^ ^ ； 「 「乂 ​& 「 づ​ 「 「加​ 叩​「 卩 ​ビ​| ぱ​ 「乂 ​ (^ ， づ​ ぉ​门​ づ卜​ 「 ， ( 「 づ​ i卜​「 リ​ 卜​ ， 门​づ​ ^ ^ i门​じ​ リ​づ​ 「 づ​ め​「 ゅ​ . i 门​ 「 卜​ * づ​ ザ​： ^ 门​乂 ​ ^ れ​卜​に​ii じ​ ひ​ づ​ 门​づ​ ^ 口​「 ^ 「；〜^ ， ね​お​, 「ド​ ( 。， リ​ 「门​ が​ v~ 丫​ 「 ( 口 ​ ( 了​卜​ づ​ 乂​ 「 ザ​ ^ 口 ​ づ ​〜 「 づ​ 「~ づ​ 「 巾​ 门​ 糾​ 「 )リ​ . ？ 「 ^ づ​リ​ ゎ​ 门​^ 「 v ザ​ 「 ほ​门​ ^ 乂​ ^ 「 门 ​リ​门​ 「 づ​ づ​ 〜 「 「 ^ 「 ( 「 ^ | | 「 乂​； リ^ ^ ^ 「 づ​ 门​ 「 リ​， 「八​ 「！ ^ 乂​ ^ i？ ^ 「 ^ 「「 门​ぉ​v づ​ 门​ 「 （^づ​ ？ ザ​i门​； ^ |！ ^ ^ ^ 「 づ​ - づ​ づ​(は​ ^ し​^ 「 卜​ ^ ヒリ​ づ ​ * ^ ^ ^) ^ ^ ^ | 「 ん​ リ​ 「 づ​ 「 乂​ に ​け​ ^ ^ 「 \ れ​ 门​づ​ ( リ​ ^ ^お​ 卜​ 乂 ​ 门​ | ，リ​ - ^ (^曰​ し​化​ 「 ^ - 「リ​は​ づ​ ^ 「^ 「 づ​ (おか​ ゆ​ ，， 乂​咖​&)， 「 ^ (^ ^ ^ 「 づ​リ​ 〃 ！ ~ リ​づ​ 「 "卜​。 巾​; づ​ザ​ リ​「v抑​" ザ​* ゅ​ ^) 〜 化​ 油​ ^ 卩​ づ​ 「 「 ソ​ 「 ザ​ | . \ ^ ^ ^円​ ザ​ ；け​卜 ​丁​ゎ​ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ザ ​\^ 「 づ​ 「~ づ​ザ​「 巾​ \^ 「 づ​ . 丁​卜​ 「乂 ​〃~ わ​リ​ 〃 ^ 口​ 「 ^ リ​ ！ づ​ 化​ ， リ​ は​ 「 *v 「 ザ ​ 卜​ リ​iiは​ づ​ . ^ ；门​り​リ​^ づ​ * - 「v ^ リ​^ 「 ザ​( 「 ^^ 〜 「 「 「 ^ ^は​卜​ ^^ 「 「 ？ 「 づ​ け​； づ ​ ^ 「 ^ け​； づ​ "ザ​。"^ 「に​ ^ ^ ^ 「 「 ^ 「^ 「 「 「 ザ​匕​ 「 卜​. づ​- ^ 「 ； ひ​リ​は​ づ​ 「 口​ 「 が​ ザ ​ ^^ 卜​ 巾​ 卜​ ド​ リ​ リ​ ザ ​「 ( ^ ザ​ 卜​ 「 卜​「 卜​ 「 卜​ ^ ザ​* | は​ し​け ​^ ^ || 卜​"か​ ，， 丁​卜​ 「 卬​ 丫 ​^ ( ^ づけ​ザ​ 「 じ​ - ^ * づ​ ！ ^ 「 ( は​ 门​ ~は​丫 ​ 门​づ​^ 口​ ザ​卜​ 门​づ​ ； 「 ^ ^ ^ 卜​ リ口​口 ​ ^ 「丫​闩​ 口​ け​ ， ^^ ^ ^ ( ) ^ だ​ ， ^ ^ ^
 づ​〃。"ぷ​/"^ひ​ 广​ ひ​ 〃"/び​，？ぼ​ - ， 八​ 乂 ​ 卜​ ザ​お​" 「 「お​"は​ ザ​ ^ 「「 「 「「 ^ れ​ 「 ^ 「 ザ​ ^ - 「 ( 「れ ​ . ( ^ \ 八​ヒ​iiは​丫​ ( ^ ！！が​は​卜 ​丁​卜​ づ​ 门​ リ​ ( ^ ^ ^ ( に​^ ( ^ ！ づ​ 「~ ザ​「 巾​ ( ^ ^ リ​ わ​ 门​ ， ^ (：. ？ 「 ^ 「 | づ​ づ​ ^ ^ &^ ^ ^ ^ 「 に​ 「 口​ 「 ^ 乂​ 口​ に​ ^ 卜​\^ ！ ^ 乂​ ^ ^ ^ & ^ ((^^&"。( ) .し​ 门​ リ​^ 〜 「 * リ​ ^ ) ^ ^ ザ​ リ​的​然​. ^ (v i。 ^ ^ ^ ^ "お​^ ^( ザザ​ リ​「 「； ：〃ソ​ 「乂 ​^( / に​"お​ "が​し​" 「"^！ に​" 丁​^ リ​ ； ^ 「 ^ ( じ​「 ^ x ^ ^ モ​ が​ほ​" リ​ 糾​ 「 (：リ​ひ​ 丫 ​ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ( づ​ ( ( 门​ ^ リ​"ね​ 「 ^ 「 ^^ お​は​ ^ ^ は​丫 ​^ i；巾​は​ 丄​丁 ​ リ​ わ​ れ​ 「 ： ^ づ​ づ​ 「卬​ 门​ ^ ^ 申​ れ​ ^ 「 * ^ リ​ ， 「 〜卜​ ゎ​ 「 口​ 「 门​^ ザ​ リ​ 门​ ！ ^ ~ ^ ；& 门​ ^ ^ 卜​ 「 ^ 「 口 ​丁​卜​ 「 ザ​ 「 ， ^ ^^ 「 ( け ^ ( ( ^ ^ 「 ^ ( ^ v 口​ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ づ​ ^ ソ ​ 乂​卜​ リ​ 巾​ 「 ザ​iリ​ ^ ^ ^ ，ヒ​が​； * - ^| ix .- ^ 门​づ​ x^ ザ​ ) ( ^ 「 &^ ？ 「 乂​ づ​iザ​丁 ​ 「 じ​ - ^ ^ づ​ ね​！门​ ^ 「 ( 「 门​ リ​ 口​ ^ づ​ ； v ^ 口​ に ​& ( ^ づ​ の​ 「づ​ ^ ！ ふ​"^ ^ 厂​/ ^) ！ 坨​〃"た​ ザ​ 矿​(？。レ​ ； - ！ ) ( ひ​"/な​ ( さ​ "ゴ​ 广​ゴ​臉​び​。"。〃ね​" ( ( x お​ ， ？ じ​ - ， 「 卩​ 「お​ づ​ ( * リ​^^) 门​ 「乂​闩​ 卩​ 「 ，ム​づ​\^ : ^/ ) ^ ザ​ ひ​' ん​^ ) ^ ^ ― ^ ^ ^ ^ 八​〜& ^ づけ​ザ​ 「 门​ 「 「 リ​は​ ザ​vv\v\^v 「「 「 ^ 「「 ^ づ​ れ​ 「 ^ 「 ザ​ ^ - づ​^ - 「 口​ 「お​. 丁​卜​ 门^ ひv ^ づ​ 「~ づ​什​ 化​ ^ 「 リ​ リ​ . 丁​卜​ リ​ 「 ( づ​ わ​「 ( ^ 门​- 「 リ​ ； 「乂​(时​ゎ​门​ヒ​は​v)^ ^ ( づ​ じ​ 门​门​； じ​ 门​ リ​ ， 丁​^ リ​ ！ 门 ​^ づ​ "け​- ( "お​ザ​ 。 ^ ^) - (「 ( 门​づ​ ( ( 〜 「 「 リ​ 「 ^ 化​ け​ 门​ \^ 「 し​八​ ひ​「 「 ^ 「 门​ 门​ は​v 「 リ​口​， ( ， 「 * ^ ！门​^ ^ ^ 「 v ^ ^ 「 「 「 &れ​ 「 匕​ 「门 ​ ザ​ ぉ​ 「 「「 リ​ 卜​ リ​ は​ づ​お​" 丁​卜​ ， ^ 「 & 「 卩​ け​ づ​ 卜​ ！「 ^ 「 リ​^ 「 「づ​ ザ​ ^ 门​リ​ 匕​ 「 ザ​ ^- 「 リ​ づ​ 「 卬​ 卜​ 「 リ​门​仃​乂​ 「ゆ​门​.ドリ​は​卜​ 「の​ 「 ， 「 ^ ^ 「v リ​ ゎ​ 门​「 ザ​ (^ ^ 卜​ ヒ ​ 「 リ​口​ ^ ^ ^ ( づ​ 门​iiザ​ づ​ 门​づ ​ 「 乂 ​ ^ づ​ 「 ( * ^ ( 「 ^ ^ 卩​ 「 门​卜​ づ​れ​は​卜​ ^ は​ じ​| 「 * 门​ ^ ( ( ). 八​^(^^「ソ​ 「 「 ( 「 「- ^ x ；ザ​ 「 ， ^ 「 「 口​ 「ゎ​ ^ け​ゎ​リ​ほ​に​ ^ v ザ​ 乂​「 ， ^ ^ づけ​お​)" 门​ ^ 卜​ 「 ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ 「 ^ 「 ^ - ^ 「 「 づ​ ^ 「 ザ​ ^ ^； ^ 丫​， リ​门​ 「乂 ​ ザ​ ( ^ ^ ^ 「 「 ザ​^ 「 门​ 「 口​ 「 ^ 化​ |「 仃​乂​ヒ乂&^^じ​は​ぃ​*^ ^ リ​ ( 「 ( ^ ^^ ， 卜​「 ， 「 「 门​じ​ 「ソ​ - . ^ 「 ^ 〜 「 (^ づ​^ ^ ^ | 「 じ​ づ​リ​「 ^ ^ ^ザ​ 「 ^ ザ​ 门​ - づ​ リ​ - 门​じ​ 「乂 ​ 「 リ口​ 「 口​ は​ づ​，i门 ​ づ​ は​ ， 仃​； - 门​ 「乂 ​ ^ ^ ^ iづ​ け​ づ​ 乂 ​ ^ ^ ( ^ ！' 糾​ 「 (^ づ​ ^ 乂 ​^ 「 「 「 づ​ ^ v リ​「 リ ​ 「^ ( 口​「 「 ホ​ . 「 リ​！' | 〜 「 づ​ づ ​ 「^ 门​〜 ^ ザ​；「 ^ ^ ^ 「 「叩​ は​ づ​. 卩​リ​ ^ づ​ ^ &, ^ ( ^ ( - づ​ ^ づ​ れ​ 「 ( ^ づ​ づ​ ^ ^ ^ 卜​ 「 「 リ​が​，"「 ^！ 「 ^ ^ |！ "(！iゆ​ 门​ ひ​v 「 リ口​ リ​(：卜​ "？。 ゆ​- は​ ほ​门​."八​| 「 门​^ 「 口​ は​ づ​ - 门​" 门​じ​ 仃​ソ​，ザ​ 「 x ( ， ( ( ： ^ ^ "^！^^* ^ 「 「 ！^" 门​づ​ ( ^〃は​ け​ づ​ 化​" リ​^ ノ​ 八​ザ​ れ​「 卩​ ザ ​ ^ ( ， リ​^「 (^ - づ​； )樹​ 「 「 ^ 矿​ "口 ​ づ​,仂​リ​ ， 〜 「 づ​ づ​ ^ね​ヒリ​ づ​ ( ひ​v， づづ​は​； ，^ ！' 「 | 「ゎ​门​ | ^！ ザ​ ひ​ & ^ ，， 「/！ 醫​ リ​ 「！ 〃 れ​ 「 リ​ づ​ (し​ リ​〃い​ 「巾​ 门​"i八​ ぬ​， ~ ( リ​ * 〃ド​ 響​八​^ 「 〃 「 "は​ リ​ 门​圍​八​" 「； 〃 〜 「 づ​ ヒリ​、 づ​ ( 门​ 「乂 ​(に​ ，， 。き​" に ​^ ( ザ​， 八​の​ 「；^ リ​ づ​ i卜​ ^ "八​ 门​ ？ ^ ！." 「 ザ​ - 「 リ​( ^ 「 ( 「 乂 ​ づ​糾​ 「 ^ ^ 「v 〃^ な​「v 口​ け​； 丄​" 「v 「 ( ^ 巾​！ ， ^ ^ 「 ^ リ​ づ​ #^ 「 ~ | は​ ^！" づ​ * づ​ 「 ^ れ​ 「 づ​ 「~ づ​ザ​「 巾​ 门​ れ​ 「 リ​ 门​づ​ . ^ 八​| 「 ， ， ！ ^ ( ザ​「 づ​ 门​ ソ​ 「 ) ザ​ 「 リ​ わ​ 门​.丁​卜​ ^ 矿 ​ ^ 「 ^ れ​ 「 ^； i门​ (^ザ​丁​ 「 门​ ^ ^* 化​ お ​ 「 ザ​の​ リ​ づ​リ​「 れ​ 乂​ 「 ， ； 「 门​ i门​^ 卜​ リ​ ^ ^ づ​ 卜​ づ​^ v づ​ヒリ​「；门​ ヅ​ に ​が​「| づ​ ： 乂​i卜​ ザ​ 门​リ​ ^ づ​「れ​じ​「门​ 卜​ 「 「 ；づ​ ^： ， 卜​ 「^ ^ 糾​ 「 ^ ^ ( ^ 卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​ づ​ 「 「 ^ の​ リ​ ， 「 「 「 ， ^ リ​ 「 ザ​^ ^ ^ ザ​ 「 リ​ 乂 ​ 「 づ​げ​ザ​ 「 ^ 八 ​ii门​づ​ 「 ^ 门​" 「 ザ​^ ^ づ​ ザ ​巾​。鄉​. 「 づ​ 「 ^ ^ x ^ -^ ^ ザ​ ^ ザ​ の​口 ​ ( ( ( ix - 丁​^ 「 - ザ​ 「 ，ザ​； リ​「 ほ​ヒリ​ ^ 门​ (^ レ​ ^ ( vづけ​ザ​ 「ザ​「 甲​ * "- づ​ i卜​ ザリ​ 巾​口​お​.ド​ 「 x ^( ， ^ 门​じ​の​ヒ​^*" ザ口​ 「 门​ 乂​ 「 づ​ づ​ リ​ 「ザ​「 の​^ (^ 匕​リ​ ^ v门​ ^ れ​は​卜​ 卜​ 「 ^ 乂 ​ 丁​卜​ づ​ づ​ほ​ ヒ​ は​v リ​ れ​ 「 づ​ 「 リ​ ^ ！「 ^ 〜 「 i。 リ​ . ？ 「 「 iづ​ ザ​ づ​ 卜​"！。。 〜 「に​(！ほめ​ivけ ​ | 丫​卜​ づ​ ( れ​ゎ​ヒ​ゎ​卜​ ^ ^ 「 「 ^ ^ づ​^ * ^ ^ ^ ( づ​ 「 の​ リ​门​i ザ​〜 「^ * v リ​iづづ​ ^.ド​ 「 ^ ( v 「 ザ​リ​ii卜​ 「 け​ ^ "！)！^— リ​ づ​ザ​「 脚​ 「に​； 〃 「卩​「 リ​ ( ( i 「 ^ 「^ '" 丁​^ は​「 """は​ (^ 〃 「 ザ​ 「 ) ^ | 卜​乂​ は​ ^ づ​iわ ​丁​ 巾​卩​ 「 「丫​卜​ は​卜​口​「 卬​ 「 ~ ( ( 卜​"は​卜​ ？ 「 「 づ​ ( ^ は​ づ​ ^ に​ づ​ 「 の​ リ​iii れ​ 「に​ 卜​ 乂 ​ リ​iづづ​ iザ​れ​ 「 「 「 は​ づ​i门​ ^ ( づ​ ザ​| ヒ​ ^ ^ i卜​ 丫 ​^ 「 れ​ 「 ( 「 i卜​ 乂 ​^ 「 リ​ ( れ​ 「に​ ^リ - ^ ？ ^ 「 づ​ 门​iけ​ づ​ 卜​，vi。。 口​リ​ iiじ ​仃​ 门​ が​は​ 门​^ ^け​ ^ v * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ぉ​ な​ づ​ 「 巾​ 「 ^ づ​^ ^ ^ ^ ii^ ^ 「 ^ ^ あ​ ザ​ 「 卜​ 巾​ リ​ ん​ ， 「 门​ ， リ​ 糾​ 乂​ ， 「 卜​ 「ザ​ 「巾​ ^ 「 &^ 「 . ド​ 「 か​((^^"阳​门​ 丁​卜​ ^ ^ づ​「 リ​ 「匕​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ザ​「 「 | リ​ 丁​卜​ リ​〜| 「 ん​ づ​「 门​ リ​ 「ヒ​ 「 ^ 门​ ！ な​ ザ​ け​卜​ ^ ^ ^ ^ リ​ 「 ^ ^ 乂​ 〜^ ^ リ​ v 卜​ は​ ソ​ ザ​ 「ヒ​；け​卜​) 「〜卜​ ^ 糾​は​卜​^ に ​ x リ​づ​ ( 「 「？* づな​出​ヒ​ 「 卜​ ^ 乂 ​ ^ ^ * 口​-(：卜​iiづ​「 ，ザ​ れ​ 「（：卜​； - づ​「 门​， 「 ^) ( | 卜​" づ​ ( づ​. 円​ れ​ "に ​丁​卜​ ^ 口 ​ ザ​^ 「に​^ ^ 「^ ^ 什​ れ​ 「 リ​ わ​ る​,^ ^ ^ に​ づ​ ザ​口​ 「 门​ 〜^ ( リ ​ ； ^ 卜​ 乂​卜​ づ​〜 ^ づ​ 乂​ ^* づ​リ​「i门​ i卜​ 「 ザ​ 「 ^ ^( ^ 「 ^ ^ ザ​「 ザ​ 「 〜 にし​ 「 ^ ( ザ​ 「 "。「！^*^ り​丫​ 「 ^ 「； . ^ ^^"^^「？ ザ​ ^ ^「卬​ぉ​？ ^ ^ れ​卜​ ^ 「 ^ 「に​づ​リ​「i门​ ^ 「 ザ​' 「 れ​ に​ ザ​〜 「^ 「 ザ​ 「 ^ - ^^ ^ix .- ^ ( ズ​| 门​ ザ​ リヒ​) は​ ^ ！ ^ ザ​^ 「に​ 「 丁​^ ^ ザ​"。ほ​ 〜 「 おん​" ザ​「 闬​ ^ ！' . 丁​卜​ 门​ザ​ 「- ^ ザ​れ​ 「に​ 「 「 ザ​ 「 ^ ^ | ^ ( ^ ^ i门​づ​リ​な​「乂​ づ ​ ( ( 丁​卜​ づ​ ザ​ 门​ わ​ 门​ ザ​ ^ ( ザ​脚​ ^ 「 「！ ^ ^ 门 ^ 「 卩​ 「 ^ ザ​。 〜 ： ？'" 快​^ ( ^ 「に​ 「 ~^「 \^ ^ づ​ v〜。「！^" 「 ^ 糾​卜​ ^ 「に​ザ​ 「 口​「~ ^^ザ​。「^ ^ ， ^！" 。 ， \^, 口​ 乂​づ​门​に​i门​づ​， 「 ^ 「 「 〜口 ​ ソ​ ザ​ 门​乂 ​「 づ​ 「 し​ # / ( リ​ 「 巾​ 门​ リ​门​は​， ^ ザ ​ 卜​ ^は​ん​は​乂 ​ ザ​卩​ は​ | 「さ​紫​门​〜. - ^ v ^ ^ ^ ( — け​- ^ 口​ ソ​ づ ​# 「 ^「 「 ^ 「お​ザ​ 「 ？「 は​ 「 ザ​ & ^ ^ リ​ん​！！じ​。「口​ 「 ( リ​ - ，卩​「 ザ​ ； 门​， 「ひ​ぉ​ 「 ^^ ( 「 ^ ^「巾​. し​ョ​^ 「 x ^ x iii ，れ​ づ​ ヒ​ 「ザ​ 「じ​ リ​ ^ づ​ 「；リ​ づ​ザ​「 巾​ &^ ！ リ​ .？ 「 乂​ 「 づ​ づ​ リ​ 「 「 ( ^ ( "！ ！"ザ​ x 〃 ii め​ 乂​〜 「に​ づ​| ^ 门​v ^ ^ ^ v^ ， 「^ 树​は​卜​ ^ (：「は​ ザ​ 「糾​ ^ ^ 「に​ づ​ 门 ​ ^ ^ ^ ザ​ ( ^^ ^^ i门 ​ - ^ぉ​ 。傲 ​^ ( ( - ^ 乂​ 「 \ ^ リ​ 「 \ \^ 〜 「に​ ^ 「の​ 「 ^ ( ！ 「^ ^ * 卜​ '！ - づ​ - ぬお​ づ​ \^ - リ​ おけ​； づ​ ""。！^ぉ​ ノ​ * ( れ​ に​ れ​ 「に​ づ​ ^ ^ 门​リ​の​ 「 ザ​^ ^ づ​リ​「i门​ ： ^ ^ ^ 「 乂​ 「 づ​ 门​づ ​ リ​ 「 \ 门​乂​〜 「に​ザ​ 「 口​ 乂​ 「 ？「 ザ​は​ - ( ( ^ ^ 口​ づ​"加​；。。 「 口​ づ ​ ^は​^マ​り​ 「 ^ ( づ​れ​ ^ リ​ | 丫 ​ ザザ​ ！' ！ ^ リ​ ， 「 樹​ 「 ^ づ​リ​iv 卜​ 八​「 づ​ド​ 「 ， ^ 「 乂​ 「 づ​ づ​ リ​ 「〜卜​ 「 - 的​は​ づ​ ^ iほ​ 乂 ​^ ^〜 「 ^ づ​ ^ 「 ^ ' 门​ リ​「 * ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ 〜 ^ 脚​ ^ づ​ 「 け​ づ​ "リ&リ​ リ​乂 ​^ ^ ( ^ - ；" ^ 「 ^^ 「 口​ 「 づ ​& 卜​ 乂 ​ 乂​^ ( ^ 「 「 ||： ^ 〃リ​ リ​ 乂 ​^ ^ ( 口​ け​- ^ ) ^ -^ ^ れ​ ひ​ ( づ​ リ​ 「 ^^ 卜​ づ​ 「^ 「 ^ ^ ザ​ 啤​ー​陛​" ： ~ ^ 〜は​卜​ ^) (： 「は​ 「ほ​づ​ 「お​ ^ 匕​ | れ​ 「 ^ ^ ""は​卜​ 口​， 乂​， 〃 丁​卜​ づ​ ^ ^ ザリ​门​ 〜 乂​〜 门​ ： 「 ^ リ​^* 「 ^ ^ づ​リ​り​ ^^ ^ ^ - ソ​ び ​ づ​ ^ リ​ ！" \ ^ 「 ^ リ​i 口​ 门​ ^ ( ザ​ ！"〜 「に​ ^ ^ひ​〜ぉ​す​ 「 け ​ リ​ ^ 「卩​「 ザ​ ！卩​！" | 「 ほ​丫​。"む​。" ) ヒ​. x (^ ( 「 v 〜 ^ ！ ^ i卜​ ^ 「 〜 「^ づ​， x ザ​ に​ ゎ​ リ​「； 「 乂 ​^ ^ ザ​ ！" ^ 「 「 じ​ ~ づ​ 门​丫 ​^ 「 「乂​； 「 ^ ^ ^ 口​ 〜 ん​ づ​リ​iv ( 八​「 づ​ド​ x ， づ ​リ​ ， 「 ^ リ​ ， 丁​卜​ づ​ ^ 糾​ 「 づ​ 「ん​ づ ​む​ 巾​ 〜 「 づ​ ， i门​ザ​ ！" わ​ 门​ の​ 门​ 乂 ​ ^ 「 ^ ^ i门​ ( ^ 乂​ 「 〜 「 |リ​ づ ​ザ​「 卬​^ ！' 丫​ 「 \ ( リ​ に ​"丁​。"i (!^^" め​ ^「 リ​卬​ ザ ​ ^ 巾​ リ​门​ぉ​「 口​ 「 づ​ 口​ 「 ソ​ザ​ 「 れ​ づ​ ^ ； ザ​ 「〜 け​- ^ ^^ ^ ； ！" 「巾​ け​- - ^ v^ ^ ^ ； 门​ 「 ，づ​iv！づ​ 门​づ​, 「 乂​ け​乂​， 「 「 ^ ； - リ​「は​v 「 「 づ​ ；「 の​ ^ ； | リ​ iiじ​ ^ 「れ​ け​ ； ( ^ 「 ^(：。の​ ，了​^ ザ​ほ​リ​「 「 卩​「 i卜​ x リ​ ザ​ 「 ^ づ​「 リ​ほ​^丫 ​ ) ザ​ 「 づ​ づ​ ：わ​' ザ​ 「 | 「 门​ ^ x ， リ​「は​v， 门​づ​卩​リ​「(^^ぉ​&， リ​门​ ^リ​ ，巾​ ^ 「 づ​ づ​リ​は​； ， ^\^ 「 「乂 ​ ^ ^ ^ 化​ v 「门​ 门​ ^ ^ ( ザ​。「 ^ ^^ | 「ザ​ 「〜 づ​ の​が​ 乂​ 乂 ​ ^ ^「 ^^ 「 乂​ ！" . ii リ​づ​ 糾​ ， 「ソ​，| 丫 ​^ 八​「の​ づ ​ド​ 「 ， ^ お​ ， 口​ ，が​ 「 口​ ソ​~ の​ ， ^ ^ 门​リ​ ！ "^ひ​门​- ザ​ け​- 巾​口 ​ 乂​巾​ \^^ v ^" づ​ ザ​； づ​ 乂 ​ ^ ^ ( 「 「 - ( ^ ^ x 「 ~ づ ​ザ​「 ^ リ​ 门​ ，口​「 ザ​ 「口​「ほ​ ， 「 | は​ 「 ^ 巾​iii^^ ^ 化​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 卜​ほ​ 「卜​ 「 糾​ii ^^ リ​ 下​ 「巾​ け​- )( v巾​ | ^ ## づ​ ザ​；门​ づ​ ^ の​ 乂 ​ ！ ^ 「 「 ) 门​リ​ ( ^ x^ 「 墨 ​ ~ づ​ザ​「 巾​ 卜​ ( 「 ザ​ ザ​ 「巾​ 乂 ​ ^ ^ 「 ^ 「 れ​ x リ​门​ ， れ​门​ し​「 「， 「 * 「 ^「 口​？) 「.〃曰​ 「 - 门​ ！" ザ​ ( ^ ヒ​「 ヒ​ ^ ザ ​^ 「 「丫 ​ づ​ ^ ザ​「 巾​ 「 づ​ザ​ 「 け​- 口 ​ 丫​卬​ "翁​！!"「 ， ，リ​ づ​ 门​「 ソ​ は​v， ！"门​ 「 ## i门​お​リ​^ れ​ 「 ^ ^ 「 # v ( ザ​！" ^^ ( & 「 ^ x 「 卜​ | 「 乂​ は​ ， 「 巾​「 ( ザ​^「 ( は​v 卜​ づ​「 ； 口 ​ ザ​「 ) 「づ​ 「 「 ^ 「 ."ミ​ひじ​^( vれ​ "！ 〃 - ^ リ​「は​v ( ； ( づ​ '- ぃ​リ​ 「ジ​ ザ​ 门​づ​ ) 矿​"* ^ x ^ 「 | 乂​の​ 门​ ^ ^ ヒ​乂 ​ ^* ^は​v ^づ​^ か​ 仃​ お​ 门​，| 「 「 づ​ - づ​リ​ ^ 门​ ザ​ 「の​ づ​ぉ​ ^ ( 「 - 「 づ​「 れ​「 ^ ！ リ​「 门​ ^ ( ザ​「 卜​ リ​'ミ​. リ​ 「门​ 门​i "お​ づ​ヒ​ 「 〃 「 ； - 「 ( 「 ね​な​リ​づ​ぉ​."？\ ^ "！*"。"" 「 ^ 糾​ け​ 「 - ^ (！) "口​| 〜 「乂 ​ リ​「は​乂 ​ ^ ^ v の​ づ​ 乂​ド​ づ​ 「 し​ ， 「 \^ け​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 づ​| 丫​ 「 \ リ​ り​， づ​， 「づ​！ ，( ) づ​^ ザ​ の​卜 ​ ^は​卜​^ ^) ^ (：卜​卩​づ​「 〜 ^ | 〉 @^~ 「 . ^ 「 ^ ^ & 「 個 ​ リ​ づ​ザ​ 「 * 卩​ 「 卜​ 「 ^ づ​ヒ​ 「 レ​ づ​ 「 口​ v卬​ ^ 「 x リ​づ​ づ​ザ​「 ^ ^ ^ "！ ザ​「 巾​ 化​ 「 x 〃 ( リ​门​ の​口 ​ ソ​巾​ 巾​| 门​ 门​， リ​ は​ ， 口 ​ 乂​の​ ， 口​リ​ : 「^ v が​ ！ ， の​ 乂​ 「（：卜​i『づ​ リ​口​口​ け​，脚​ ^- v^# ^ ^ # | 「 に​？ 乂​巾​ 什​ 加​ ^ づ​ - ザリ​^ ^ ザ​「 巾​ リ​は​ 「 ！ リ​「 ， 仃​ リ​ゎ​ 「 ！^ ^ ^む​ 「乂​ザ​ の​！〜 ^ ，门​ ， i门​ ^ ^ づ​ ^ ！ ^ ^ ^ 「 ( ) 化​" ^ 「ん​ . ^ ( 什​ 巾​ * ザ​ ^^ リ​「 ^ 「 ^ ^ ： ) v 「 ( ^ づ​什​ 巾​ ザ​口​「 ( は​v (リ​门​| お​ ^ ^ ^ づ​ 化​ ^ ザ ​ ^が​ ^ は​v)；お​v ！ ^ "！ ^ ！"ザ​「 巾​ザ​ づ​ 巾​が​， ^ 卜​ リ​ 门​ リ​ ^ ， 「 ， ^ ^ v 「 # 仃​； リ​^ ザ​ 「卩​ ， めか​ * ！ ^づ​ 口​ は​ ； ^ v 「「 ^ ^； x 「 ザ​じ​ づ​ ； x ^ ザ ​^ v ^ 「 ~ ~ 门​ ^ ^ ^ ( ；^れ​ づ​iリ​^ 口​う​リ​^ - お​" ， ^ 〜"帕​", 卜​ 「 iv口​ ザ​ リ​巾​口​- リ​^ 「 口​". 众​ ^ リ​ 卜​i卜​ ^ リ​ 「 ^ 门​づ​ 「 ， ^ ^ 「 ^ ^ ほ ザ​口​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ x ザ ​^ ^ ^ 门​づ​ ^ ) "ザ​" ^ ^ ザ​ - |^^： ， 糾​ リ​ 「， i卜​ ^ ^ ザ​の​ 卜​ リ​ 卜​ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ づ​リ​「 ^ i门 ​^「 . - ^ ) ix .- ザ​i门​は​ ^ x^ ザ​ リ​^^(^ 「 (^ ^ ( づ​， ：「は​ 「； 「 卩​卩​" づ​ 卜​ ^ vi リ口​ 门​ ， ^ ( ^ ( 「 i门​じ​ リ​づ​ づ​|| 化​ ^ れ​リ​ 「乂 ​ x ( ^ ^ ( ， .リ​ 门​ ，じ​ リ​ ， 门​づ​ ( x 「 - 〔iリ​づ​ぉ​ vけ​ v 「 ( ^ * リ​ リ​ 口 ​ じ​ ザ​「 づ​ ， ゾ​ 。 「 ；门​じ​ リ​づ​ づ​，| 「 - viづ​ づめ​ ？ 「 ^ ^ザ​ 「 ^ ^ ^ 糾​卜​ 「 ホ​ ソ​ ( ( \^ ^ ^ 门​づ​ 「ゲ​ ， ね​は​ 「乂​， 「 ； ( 「 「 x リ​づ​ づ​ザ​！" の ​ ^ ； リ​ 「乂​， ^ |||^ ^は​卜​ ， ^ -^ (^ ^ ^ ^ お​" 「 「 乂​ ^) ^ヒ​ "ゆ​ づ​ ， 「 ( ^ 〜 「 ！ 仃​ - お​ ( 《 「 . 丁 ​ け​ ザ​i卜​ ^ は​づ​ ザ​i门​ 由​"「 リ​げ​ ) * リ​ (^ 「( )づけ​ じ​ 「 (^！ ^) に​ (^ ザ​ (^ \^ 〜 ^は​ づ​. 卩​ 「 . i卜​ ^ に​は​ゅ​ 。お​。"は​ ^ むv ^ づ​「 ( ( づ​， ( づ​^！^ ^ 判​お​ ~ 卩​リレ​ づ​ ザ​ 卜​ リ​ 门​ リ​门​は​ ， i门 ​ ^^ # ， ^ リ​ 「 「 ^ ^ ソ​ザ​；リ​ 「 ^ 口​ 「 リ​ 「 - づ​ ( ^ づ​ ザ​お​卜​ 卜​ づ​ 「 ^ xix 「 iii 「 ^ ^ 卩​ 「 门​ ^ 「 门​ づ​ 「 づ​ ^ ( 匕​ ^ 「 リ​ リ​ 「 「 . 糾​ リ​ 「， 「 ^ ！^' "お​ ^ ^ 门​づ​， ^ り​リ​ け​ 「 リ口​； づ​〜 「 リ口 ​ ザ​ 「巾​ 「 | 「 リ​ 「 づ​ 化​ ^ リ​ 卜​ づ​ 「 「 乂​ 「の​ 「 リ​门​「 づ​| 「 鹏​「 ^ 「 ^ 「 リ​| リ​ 「 「シ​丁​* リ​ ， ^ リ​ け​ 「 ^ ば​； づ​ 「 リ​口 ​ リ​ ひ​ 「 糾​ リ​ づ​ヒ​ り​ ；ザ​ づ​ ^ リ​门​は​ . ，リ​ じ​ ^ "。巾​ 〜 「 (：。リ​ づ​ & リ​ ；门​ 「 「 ， れ​ 「 i门​- リ​づ​ づ​ め​，^ & ^ 卩​「 リ​；づ​ (ト​ 乂 ​^ 「 ^ ^ザ​ 「 （^(：リ​( ( ^ * ^卜​ 「 i卜​ ソ​ ^ 丫​ ^ ^ ^ れ​ リ​ ^ 「 ^ リ​ 「 口​ ひ​ 「 ii"は​ ( v"「ィ​。リ​。づ​^ リ​"门​ リ​ ； . .， リ口​； づ​リ​门​は​ 口​iリ​ リ​ 。 「 门​ 。づ​，づ​お​「が​ 「ィ​ ( ^ ^ ( ( 门​づ​ づ​ザ​ 「 & ( ^ づ​リ​ 门​ リ​iiは​ 卜​ づ​ 「 巾​ 「 「乂 ​ 「 「 )^ リ​づ​ づ​ ) リ​ ザ ​i卜​ づけ​ザ​； ザ​ 「 (！" i卜​ ；「 （：！！ミ​！^じ​(^！^ジヒ&. リ​ ザ​ ^ ^ リ​わ​门​ め​リ​ 「ソ​，^ 械​リ​ 「， 「 ^ ザ​ 「 ^ 「 口​「 门​ づ​ /叩​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ 门​(：乂 ​ ^ 「 『 | ^ ^ &—^卜​ リ​い​门​ リ​ は ​ ^ "！ づ​i！は​ リ​ リ​ ^ ザ​「 ；づ​ 门​ ザ​ ゎ​ | 「 门​ 「 リ卩 ​ ザ​？ 「 ^ は​ * ^ ザ ​ リ​ 「 わ​ ， ！"け​^ 。(：じ​リ​^^^( ！' 门​ ソ ​ | 「 「； 乂 ​ ^ ； . ^ れ​ 乂 ​ リ​ じ​ - ； 门​. ^ ^ 「 门​ v ^ ^ じん​ ( ^ ザ​ * リ​ * リ​ ^ ほ​リ​ リ​ ^ ザ​ ( \^卜​ 「 ， "门​" リ​ ，八​ リ​ 卜​ づ​ "(！ 「 ^ ( v 卜​ リ​ ；门​ リ​ は ​ ；「リ​ リ​ 口 ​ じ​ 「 ( 门 ​ ( ザ​づ​ ザ​ # 匕​乂​づ​ ザ​i门​ ゎ​ ， ^ ザ​ ^^ ^ ^ ^ リ​ は​ ^ ザ卜​ リ​ . | 「 わ​门​ ^ ( ^ ^ ( ザ​ * 。" ^リ​ は​ ， ( の​ 乂​ ^ づけ​ザ​ 「 门​じ​ i门​ ( リ​门​ 「 リ​は​ ( ザ​「 卬​卩​「 ； 口​「 - づ​リ​「 リ​ づ​ 《 ^ | リ​ ゎ​ づ ​ ^ ^( づ​ ね​. \^ 卜​。" 「 \ 时​( ^ — ( ^ & ( ザ​ 「 ^ &は​ ヒ​ づ​ 化​ ^ ^^ ^ ^ザ​ 「 ^ づ​ 「 门​づ​「 ザ​ 「 ^ 乂​ 「 ザ​ ^ ^ (^ ， け​ 卜​ ^ 「の​ リ​ づ​^ ^ ^ ^ 「 ん​ リ​ 乂​ づ​， ^ ソ​ 「 ザ​ 卜​ リ​ 〜 「 口​ 「 づ​，け ​ ^ リ​ 卜​ づ​ 「 ^ リ​ づ​订​ 巾​ | 「ト ​ ^ 「 ヒ​ ヒリ​け​づ​； ， 卜​ 乂​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^〜 リ​ づ​ ^ | 「 门​i 「 巾​ 门​i ^ (^^。「は​づ​.丁 ​[！ ( ^ ^ 乂​ 「 ^ ( 「 ( ^ ^ * 卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​ 「 丁​卜​ 乂​ ！" iii^ ^ 卜​ リ​ ^ づ​ ！"巾​ リ​ 门​ 「 乂​ ^ & 乂​ 「 ^ ソ​ 「 卜​ 「 ^ ^ ザホ​ 卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​ リ​ づ​， ^ ^ ^ ；门​ * 巾​ ) 「は​v ザ​ 卜​ リ​ ^ づ​"。^ ) ^ わ​の​ ， ゾ​ 门​i ^ リ​门​iね​一​^卜​ リ​ ^ リ​ん​i リ​ け​ ^ は​ ；^ ザ​ リ​^ 「 门​，リ​门​ ( 。(：じ​リ​ ！' |乂​ 巾​| 「 「 〜 ( ； 〜 口​ - 「 「 乂 ​。(：じ​リ口​； づ​ ^ ^ ザ​ リ​卬​ 「 - 「 ^ ^が​「 \^卜​ リ​ リ​ リ​ 「 ( ii ^ ^ 「 ほ​ ^ ( リ​ 门​i ， 、〜 リ​门​は​ v射​ ( 「 - わ​ づ​ リ​ 门​ ^ ( & ii 仃​iiひ ​ ^ 「 * ^ | ホ​ ^ 乂​- 「 「 〜 ^ 〜 ^ づ​ 「 「 ( 门​づ​ザ​れ​ リ​ ヒ​ ザ​ 「 「 . \^ リ​ は​ 「 リ​づ​ づ​！《 「 ( ホ​ ， . .，化​ 「 ，，〜 リ​ ， ^ ^ ^ づ​ズ​ 「づ​ 「 门​ 「 口​「 ぴ ​！^ れ​は​「； 「ザ​「 の​ # 「 i！ ^ 「 口​ は​~ v ( | * ^ 「 ホ​ じ​ ^ 化​ ^ ^ ； ^ ^ 「 ( ^ ^ x ( ^^ ^ 「 リ​ 「は​「 |门​ リ​ づ​ ( 「 ^ ザ​ ！" 「 ( ( リ​「卩​ ， リ​(：卜​ 「 「 ザ​丁​に​ ， 「^ ^ 「 ^ づ​ザ​ 「 ^ 「 ^^( || 「 ； リ​ 门​ 「乂​， ！^ョ​じん​门​ 「ソ​， 「 リ​け​リ​「 卩​「 づ ​了​vが​ ゾ​ は​一​ゾ​ ^ リ​ ；门​ ； 「 ^ ^ i门​ 「 口​ 「 は​卜​ 「 #^ づ​^^ 「 「乂​〃 「 ，\ 卜 ​「 ( ." ^ ！"リ​门​は​ 「 ；门​ づ​ づ​ザ​ 「 じ​リ卩​ vづ​リ​「 ( ^ ^ ！ め​ 乂​ に ​ ( ( 「 ^ ( ( ザ​ 「 「 じ​「 ゎ​ 门​ リ​ ， ^ づ​^じ​ ゎ​门​ ^ ^ ； ザ​ザ​ づ​ リ​ じ​ 「 i门​ ^ リ​^*^ 「ザ​ ！" の​〜 「 口​ 「 「 & \^ね​ 「 ^ v^门​ 「 ( は​ ； 门​づ​リ​ リ​门​は​ 卜​ づ​ザ​ 「 「( 「 门​づ ​ 「 ， "^ほ​^め​ひ​"リ​ は​ リ​ じ​ 门​i リ​ は​ 卜​ づ​ザ​ 「。(：じ​リ​| 门​(：乂​匕​v巾​も​「 ^ ヒ​ 「 ^ ( ^ づ​ ( ザ​ 「 〜 「^づ​リ​「れ​ * じ​「 口 ​ ， ， 丫​ 卜​「 リ​iiづ​"リ​ じ​ 卜​ リ​ ( リ​门​は​ 「 リ​ ； 「れ​ 门​づ​ ^ザ​ 「 ^( v 门​ソ​ゎ​^ ザ​ ^ 乂​ に​八​リ​ は ​ 「 け 「 ^^ ^ リ​ リ​ 丫 ​ ：リ ​ 丫​ 「 「 リ​门​ じ​ ；づ​ 「 づ​ 乂​ 「ィ​ リ​门​づ​.^リ​ん​iリ​ づ​ 门​〜 v ^^ ^ * ^ 「 ^ ソ​ 「ィ​ じ ​乂​ ね​ —丫​ 「ィ​ リ​门​( リ​ じ​ 门​ リ​ は​ 「 ^ ^ ( ^ 卜​ 「リ​ 门​ v リ​ ザ​ \^ ： ド​ 矿​ 〜，乂​ 门​i 丫​ 「ィ​ リ​ づ​リ​门​iお ​ ザザ​ 「 ^ "^ v 门​ 乂​ノ​， ^ ^^ ( 门 ^ ^ (^ ^ ^ ^ け​ v！づ​リ​ リ​ は​ 「 ^ 「 ^ 〃「 「 广​ 厂​ぼ​"た​v 乂​ 「ィ​ リ​iiづ​ ( 忖​ 「 づ​〃「 「「 门​す​， づ​リ​ リ​ は​ ^ 「 ( は​卜​ 「ザ​ 「「 门​ 「ザ​ 「 . は​ ^ 广​《ひ​/ゴ​， \^ は ​ れ​ ^^ ^ け​ 门​乂 ​^ v 「 ^ ) 口​ づ​ 「 ^ ^ ( ヒリ​ 化​ ^『 「 * の​ リ​ づ​ ザ​ ^ ^ リ​巾​ 「 ， 「け​ リ​门​は​卜​ 「 - ^ づね​リ​ * ^ れ​门​ 「 ^ 乂​ リ​ づ​|| ， 乂​ 卜​「 リ​ リ​ け​ ( お​" づ​ 「 づ​， \^ ^口​ ゲノ​ ^ ^ザ​ 「 . 丁​ゎ​ ^ ザ​リ​ じ​ 乂​ 「ィ​ リ​ ^リ​ は​ ^ 「 * づ​ザ​ 「 \^ ^ づ​ 「 卜​ ！" - 众​| 口​ ^ .- ^ x^) ザ​ ^ ) ( - リ​ 「 リ​ 卜​ リ​i ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ ( 「 - ^ ~ ^ 「 & ^ ^ "^！ " ザ​ 「 リ​ ノ​ ^ ^ 「 「リ​ づ ​ 乂​i卜​ ；「 れ​ 「 ( 卜​ 巾​ ^ vザ​ ^ ； ほ​ 「ソ​， ( ^ - ^ ^ ^卜​ 卬​ ソ​^ ^ ^ 〃 に​% ホ​ に​^ ^ ii v ソ​ 「 「 づ​ ザ​ 乂​ ^ ！| ( ^ ^ ^ リ​ ，は​： 卜​ 「リ​ ビ​#丁​卜​i！ - 「^ ^^ ( 卜​ づ​ザ​ 「 ひ​ - ^ ザ​ ^ ^ 卜​ づ​ザ​ 「 ^ v ^ ^ ( 「 「) 门​は​ 「， 门​づ​ ( ザ​ 「 ( 「 「 ザ ​ ^ 〜门​ に ​ 「( ^i-リ口 ​ — 「づ​ づ​-リ​卩​ & 「 ザ​ 「 リ​ ひ​リ​（^リ​！^& ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^^ ^ 「 「 じ​ リ​ 「 づ​匕​v \^ づ​， し​ 「 ！ ； に​ ！' ( 口​「 び​ 卜​ 门​ ゎ​ 「， 「 リ​ 「乂 ​ ^( ^ リ​ づ​| ， ^ - れ​「リリ​「 「 ( 巾​リ​け​卜​リ​ は​な​「リ​ リ​「 巾​外​お ​ 「づ​ づ​リ​^) ^ 〜 乂​，比​ ^) 「 | ^ ^ ザ​ に​ 「づ​ づ​-リ​| リ​门​は​ 「 门​〜 ^ ^ ！ 「 は​ i。め​ 〃 ^ 「リ​ ビ​， ^^ 「 ( ザ​ソ​ 〜一​丁​^ ( ( ^ 「 ( ザ​v^^ ^v 「 ザ​ 「 ^ ^ ザ ​ ^ (！门​卬​ ( )ザ​「 卜​ ^ * 。(：仁​リ​口​ 门​ リ​ 什​ ^ リ​ は​ 卜​ ^ ザ​ ！' 丁​^ づ​ ， ^ 「 ， 「 ， づ​ 卩​「 リ​ づ​ ( 「 「 ザ​ ^ ^ ザ​ リ​ は​ 「 ( リ​ む ​「 「 れ​ 乂 ​ 「リ​は​ づ​リ​ は​ ^ (^ 卜​ リ​ 门​ ^ ^^ ^ づ​ 「 わ​ v^^^门^v リ​ 化​づ​！ ^ ^ ~ 仃​リ​ わ​ 门​^ 巾​が​ づ​.「 「 「 v 门​リ​ 「 づ​ 「 「 づ​リ​门​は​ ， ^ わ​巾​ 「 卩​ 「 づ​ ！' ^ づ​ リ​ 「 「 巾​ 「 ^「 ^ (：。巾​口 ​ づ​， 丁 ​ 「 —八​^ リ​ 门​ リ​门​は​ 〃 糾​ 「 ； づ​ け​ ^ ^ ^ 「（：。'。〜*!^「 v ： ホ​ リ​ は​， リ​ iザ​は​i，卬​ は​ づ​ 「 ザリ​ 乂 ​^ ^ザ​ に​八​ii 卜​ 「 ( 「 ^ ^ 〃「 「 （^(：リ口​ づ​," - ( "门​は​ 「 ^ ，。「 か​ リ口​お​づ​^ ^ ^ 乂​の​ 门​ ^ 「 . ( 七​ ， 「 し​ | ^ ( ^ * ^ ^ ^ 卜​ リ​ ^ リ​iiは​ 「 ； ： リ​づ​ づ​. ^ ( 「- ( ^ 口​ ぉ​「 卜​ じ​ 卜​ づ​ 「ヒリ​ ！ ^v ^ 「&, 「 ^ 「 ， 「づ​ 「 ， 口​ ひ​门​ 「 ， 「 ， 〜 「づ​ ，ザ​ 「(：ん​！づ​「 ， づ​「 ^ - ^ v ^ 「 * ^ ^ |リ​ け​ 「 ザ ​ ^ 卜​ づ​ に​ づ​ 门 ​〃口​ 「 i门 ​ ) は​ * ^ i卜​ 门​リ​^ ヒ​ 「 ザ​ ( ^； ^ホ​ ^ ；！| 门​リ​ ^ 「 ザ ​^ づ​ほ​门​ ザ​ 「 ^ 「 「 「 リ​门​づ​ ( ( ^ 门​ 「 ^ ^ - ^ . |门​ ^ ^x ( &ザ​。「口​ 「 | 「卜​ リ​ 门​ "！ は​ れ​门​ リ​の​ 「 リ​ づ​ ^ ^ ^( ザ ​ * ^ ( ，ザ​ 「 乂​ が​ ， ^ 「v 〃 口​ 「 门​ 〃 「 ( ； は​「リ​ 「 门​ れ​ ザ​「 ( . リ​？ . が​「 门​ ― ^ — ^ 〃「 〃 「 iii 「^！ ザ​ 「 ザ​ リ​ 门​ リ​门​は​ 糾​は​卜​ ( ！ リ​巾​ ^ 「 ザ​「 の​ ， 丁​卜​ ザ​ ^ ( ^ リ​卬​ 「 ザ​^ ( ^ リ​ づ​ザ​ 「 ( ^( 「 「 * リ​ は​ v ；门​じ​ リ​づ​ iiま​ 「 ，づれ​i门​ 「 ， ^はじ​ ~ ， づ​- 「 ， ^ ( 「 ：「 ゎ​ 门​「 ， ~ ^ づ​^「(：^^& リ​ ザ​ 「ソ​ 「-「 リ​ ， づ​ づ​ に​ 「 ^ x リ​づ​ づ​ ！" ^ ( 「ix！ iiの​ ^は​ * ，匕​ 卜​「 の​ ， ^) (^^じ​！！ ，* ほ​，卜​ け​- 「 ， は​v 「 ^ ，リ​ ザ​； ； づ​ れ​ じ​ 「 ^ ^ 厂​ ^ 「 ii门​れ​门​ ^ づ​ リ​ づ​ザ​ 「 - .八​^ ^ ^ふ​v；づ​ づ​「 卩​ 「 「 门​ 乂​は​ホ​ 「 口​ け​ト ​ ！ ザ​ 「 . ^ ( ザ​ 「 「 「 「 ) づ​ * 门​ 「 な​ 门​^ . ( じ​ 口​リ​ゎ​门​ ^ ザ​ 「 「 ， ^ ^^ 「 リ​ づ​ * ^ ： ザ​ ( ； 「リ​ ホ​ ，ザ​。*" x ^( ， ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ 〃 ひ​ れ​ 「リ​ 「 れ​ . . 「 巾​i ^ 「 v "ド​ 「 门​ ( 「 「 〜〃 づ​ 「 リ​ づ​ リ​ ( ( ヒソ​づ​~ (^ ^ ^ ザ​^！' ^ ( ^ じ​ は​ 乂​ * 门​ 匕​ 「 ザ​ 门 ​め​ リ​ は​.丁​卜​ わ​ リ​「 * ^ 「 ザ​ し​ホ​ ， ザ​ 「 ， * ^ ^ ザ​ ^( ^ ^ リ​ 门​ め​ ( 「 ゎ​ ザ​| 「 ^ 「 ぉ​「 ，一​丁​^ 门​リ​ 「 ザ​ ) づ​「 の​ 门 ​ ^ は​ 「 の​ 〜ザ​ 「 ( ^ ソ​ 门​ ザ​ ( づ​ザ​ 「 * ^ 口​リ​^ 「 「リ​ づ​ザ​ 「 ( - i门​ ， リ​ リ​ 「 ^ ， リ​ ( リ​ ^ じ​ づ​； ザ​「 |リ​ 乂​， 「 「 . ^ ヒ​ 「 ^ づ​， じ​ づ ​^ (vザ​ 「 ^ 「 ( 「 ， リ​ 门​ * リ​ 卜 ​ づ​ ( ザ​ 「 口​i门​ ， リ​じ​卜​ ^ 「 ^け​卜​ ザ​ ^^ , 「 ^ 「 ( づ​)"八​ リ​iiは​ ) ^ ^ 「 出​， ^ -「 ザ​わ​ひ​ ^：乂 ​ ( け ， (^ ( ^ お​ザ​ は​ ， 卜​ "门​ 门​ ヒ​ づ​「 . ( """一​八​リ​^!は​卜​ ^ ^ に​は​ ^ ^ ( は​^ ザ​| ^ ^ ： (！) ^ ；门​に​ま卜​口​；口​ づ ​^ 「, | 「 门​ 「 ： ^ リ​ ， づ​ ^ 「 ザ​" 「"。に​八​ii ( ^ お​(：出​. "リ​ ヒ​ i门​^ ひ​リ​じ​ リ​「 . 丁​卜​ 乂​ ^ ヒ​ ^ 「 「 ^ ^ レ​ け​ ヒ​ に​ ( ^ 「 じ​ 门​ づ​ 「 づ​ ^ vi 「 「じ​ に​ リ​ ， ^ヒ​ 匕​ 乂 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 ザ​「； 「 に ​丫​ 「 ひ​リ​は​ リ​ は​—丫​ 「 ひ​リ​(：！リ​「 x ( 「 ザ​ 「 〜 ^ ^ ^ れ​「 仃​リ​ ， ^ ii〜 「 〜 づ​ | ^， づづ​ づ​ ， 「 ^ 门v 「^ づ​.「 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ 「仃​ リ​ 「， ^ ザ​ は​"「 ド​ ^ ^ 乂​ 「 ^ ( ^ 乂​ 「 x は​.丁 ​ れ​ リ​「 * ^ ^ ^ 「 ( 「i 「 i卜​ 门​リ​巾​ヒ​ 「 ザリ​ は​ ii ^ ^「 じ​iは​^ ^ - ^ ( ^ ( ^ 「 ^ づ​ x ( ) ザ ​ リ​^ 「 | 门​. リ​「 —八​ 仃​リ​ぴ​リ​「 ^~ 「 匕​リ​； ^ は​ 「卜​ ^ ( づ​ 「 卩​ 「 づ​む​ 巾 ​ 仃​リ​ リ​「 ヒソ​^^ ^ 〜 * x ( ザ​「 の​ 「 リ​ づ​ 「 ザ​. ^ づ​ 「 ， ザ​ ^ リ​ 「 ^リ​ は​ ( 「リリ​は​， ^ .ヒ​ ^ ( ( ( ( リ​ じ​ ， ^ 「 リ​丁​卜​ 「 ^「 门​ づ​ザ​ 「 门​リ​ 「 ザ​^ リ​ 门​ リ​ は​ ひ​リ​は​リ​「 ザ​ ( : わ​ づ​ づ ​ ， ザ​ 「 ^ iiリ​^ 「 ザ​「 ！づ​ | リ​ シ​ (^ ^ 出​ リ​は​ ^ ^ 「れ​ き​ 「 リ​ は​ ヒ​ ぉ​ト ​ ( は​, 门​ ，リ​ ， . ^ ^ ド​ (^ ^ — * 「v "仁​ ， ^ 口​ リ​门​ ザ​ 「 x ^ リ​ 〃 ザリ​门​は​ ^ ^ ^ リ​ ^ づ​ \ ？ ^ れ​ し​ ザ​iリ​ 卜​ ； ， づ​ ^ リ​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ( * ^ ザ​ 「 ^ x ( ^ ザ​ ^ ^^ ホ​ リ​门​は​.， し​ じ​^ 门​ ^ ^ 口​iリ​のか​门​ が ​ x リ​ ~ リ​ 〃 (^ め​ 〜^ (！ 「 ( ^ ^ 口​iリ​^ め​ ^ ) 卩​「 ^ ^ リ​ん​ ， 「 リ​ づ​匕​v ホ​"卜​ リ​ ^ づ​； ^ じ​ ホ​ お​仁​ は​ 「 ^ ； | | ザ​ ^ き​ ^ ^ ^ 口​iリ​巾​^ ^ ( ？^ ；ー​ ^^！!^^ .- ^ ( 乂​口​ 门​ ！ 门​ ザ​ リ​(^ ^ - ^ ^ v ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 は​ — ， ゎ​ 「 糾​ 「 & 口​ 「 リ​ リ​ 卜​ ^ づ​ づ​| ^ ^〜 し​ ( 「 卜​ 糾​ 「， づ​ れ​リ​ 卜​ .ド​ 「 ， ^ 「 は​ 〜 「 ^& ^ ( リ​ 门​ 口​iリ​卬​ ザ​i门 ​ ^づ​は​； ， ^ ！ ( 门​ リ​ ^ リリ​ は​「 ^ 「 i卜​ 门​ ^ * 仃 ​ま​ . ホ​^^ ^ | ヒ​ 卜​「 巾​ 「 巾​れ​は​^ ザ​iリ​ ^ .ヒ​ ^^リ​ 「 か​ ^ し​ づ​ 〜 ゎ​ ( 口​i口​ づ​卜​ ( ^糾​ は​「ザ​ に​ ^ x ^ ^ ( ザ​ ( ^ リ​ は​. (八​ ^ 卜​ - ) ^ ^ ~ わ​ 门​门​ ；「 づ​ け​vホ​ ^^ ^ ^ リ​ ^ 糾​ し​i卜​ - ^ ^ ^ 糾​ 口口 ​ ； づづ​リ​「； 化​ 口​「 じ​- ザ​ づ​ づ​は​ ^ ) 出​ ^ 口 ​ 「 x づ ​ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ) ザ​ 「 ^ 乂​- ( ^ リ​ ^ 卜​ 卜​ リ​ ( づ​， 八​卜​ け​- ) の​卜​ ザ​ リ​ 卜​ ( 广​ リ​匕​ 「 卜​ 糾​ 「ザ​ 「 x ^ リ​ ， 卜​ リ​ ^ 丁 ​ は​； ザ​ 「 口 ​ ^！' .丁​卜​ 卩​リ​卞​巾​リ​ ix ( i卜​ ^ リ​巾​ ( ( ザ​卯​ 「一​！" リ​ ； リ​ は​ 巾​ 乂 ​「 墨 ​ ^ i卜​ ！" 〜 「 リ​ リ​^ 「 ザ ​ リ​「 ，八​ 。印​ 。リ​ x リ​叩​〜吗 ​^ 「 x 「〜 「 リ​"は​ ^ "？ii v 「 口​「~ はじ​ の​口​ v' 丁​" ^ ^〜 乂 ​^ ^^ ^ 乂 ​ じ​は​v， リ​ ソ​， \^ 「づ​； ひ​れ​ 「 ^ 口​ 门​乂​， じ​.， 「は ​巾​ ソ​ ^( 什​ 巾​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ 「 「 ~ リ​ 门​ ^ ほ​口​ ，一​(" リ​ 「 は​^ 「 ^ ^ | れ​ 「， ( ^ ね​ ^ 「 ( ， 「ホ​ 乂​ふ​ | ^ 乂 ​ 卜​ 「 ^ ^ ？リヒ​ ヒ​ 糾​ 「 闬​ ソ​ ( ヒソ​ リ​ 「 门​i匕​ づ​ソ ​ 「 ソ​ 口​「~ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ が​ な​，^ ( ^ ( ( 「 ( 门​ ； 卜​ヒ​ 「卜​ ^ | に​ ， 「 ( お​ け​ づ​ ^ れ​ 「 ， ^^ ( ( ^ ^ リ​ 口​ — リ​ ；门​ リ​ん​ ( ； ^？ ザ​卜​ ゎ​门​ リ​ゅ​" 门​ 出​ げ​| 「； 「乂 ​ リ​ x ザ​卜​ . 丁​卜​ ^ ~ 「ほ​ ザ​ 「 iv口​ づ​ 「 ：( ) ^ 「 卜​ 询​ 「 v ^；( ) 门​ひ​ 糾​ 「の​- 「 化​「 ^ ^ づ​リ​ひ​ ^ ；门​づ​~ づ​リ​ 「 の​ ；( ) 门​ ひ​ヒ​ 口​リ​巾​口​； | | ホ​ 「 x ( - | ^ リ​ は​ ^ ^ 「 ？ 「 リ​れ​ づ​|| ホ​ り​。 「 ，糾​ ほ​, &. 「ヒ​ ヒ​ 「づ​ ， づ​ 「 口​ 「 ザ ​ ザ​ ^ ^ ( ； づ​| ( ！' ^ ザ​ 「，れ​ し​ 「^ ^ iii 「 ； 「 ^ * 「 れ​は​卜​ザ​ リ​ 「 リ​ 门​ ^ 匕​リ​「 ， )\ 「 ^ 「 ；门​ 口​ 「 匕​ 「 ^ ^ 「 れ​は​ゎ​ リ​ ザ​iリ​ 「リ​ ^ リ​「门 ​ ， ， 「に​ 「 ； 门​づ​^！' ^ # ， 「 ( け 「 ^ ^ 「 门​乂 ​に​ づ​ ： 口​； ^ ^じ​口 ​ づ​〜 リ​ づ​. ？ リ​ 门​ \^^ ^ リ​ づ​ ^ ^ リ​；口​ 「 ^ リ​ づ​， ^ に​门​づ​ ザ ​ ( ^^ リ​ づ​ヒ​乂 ​^ | 「 ん​ ~ ( 门​な​ ^ 「 ^ 匕​ ^ ^ ^ (^ ^ ^ ザ​ 「 ) "！ は​. 口​ョ​ほ​ リ​は​丫​れ​は​卜​ ^ ^ ^ ^ — 门 ， 「 ^ ^ れ​ 「 i门​ リ​づ​ づ​ ( 「 ザ​ ^ ， 〃ル​ - |「ザリ​「 ： ，， ( i门​リ​ 「 の​^ ；| ^ ^ 糾​ 「 ^ ^ iiiホ​ ^ 〃 リ​！は​-；门​ ^ リ​门​は​ ノ​ ^ ^ ( リ​ ^ ^ ， ま​卜​ ，口​リ​"卩​." ^ ^ ^ | ~~^ ^ | ： づ​ - ！ ( ホ​ ^ ザ​ ほ​^ 「 ザ​「 「 ， じ​门​ .は​づ​ ( ^ v ^ 「 ^ ^ザ​ ， 「 糾​ 「 ^ ^ 「 ^ 「 ザ​「； 「 ！ リ​门​は​； ^~ ザ​ し​iiづ​ ^ 卜​ ^リ​^ 「 丫​な​ ^ 门​ ( ^ # ^ |厂- ^ 门​じ​ 「 ザ​ |门 ( ^ リ​iiづれ​ ， リ​(：卜​ v ^ v ( ^ i门​ 卜​ ^| ^ * ( ^ 巾​ 丫​卜​ リ​ 都​ ！ 乂​ ， 「化​ 巾​ 乂 ​ リ​ 「 乂​ は​巾​ ， ^ 口​「 リ​ づれ​ 「 「- ^ ザ​ 「 「 リ​卩​ ザ​ | ！' ！ ~八​ 乂​な​ 〜は​卜 ​i门​づ​iv；づ​リ​ 「 ^ i& 仃​ が​ ^ - ザ​ 「 の ​「 ザ​ 「 门​リ​ | 「 ザ​^ ^ 糾​は​^ v (* i^( リ​ ^ ( ザ​ 「 ^ ザ​i卜​ 「 ザ​ ^ 卜​ リ​ * づ​. - な​リ​づ​ づ​： ： は^ 「 口​ 门​ 「 「 ， ^ ( ^ひ​リ​(：に​ ， 巾​ 口​ 门​ ひ​リ​(：に​ ザ ​ -^ ^ ^ 「 ， れ​ れ​ 门​ ， ^ v 「 ， ^ x ヒ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ザ​ 「 ( リ​ * リ​ ゎ​ づ ​^ 「 . 「 「 づ​ 「 づ​ザ​ 「 ^ 「 「 ； ^ づ​ リ​ 「 に​ 口​ \ ； 门​づ​^ ^^ 门​vリ​ 门​ ひ​ (^ 。ザ​ - ( ^ 「 「 & ( け​^ ( じ​ づ​ザ​ 「 | リ​「口 ​ ， 巾​ づ​ 「 ； ^ ^ 「 ^ リ​ x ザ​| \^ 「 ザ​ 「 ^ ザ​^^(^；("^「乂​； 门​づ​リ​ 门​づ​仃​リ​仁​!^に​ 卜​ リ​ リ​ づ​ ^ ザ​ ！"匕​リ​ 卩​リ​「口​ 「 x ( ^ 丁​" ( ^ほ 「 ^ 「 ザ ​v ^ ( ( 「 v v ^ 「 * iiリ​ 「 丁​卜​ ( 〜 リ​ が ​じ​ | 「 は​v ^ ^ ^ 八​ - ^ ^ ( - . 门​ 乂 ​づ​ リ​^ 「 ザ​^ ^ ^ (^ リ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ ( 「 「 リ​' | 「 丫 ​ ( ヒ​乂 ​ ^ "お​ ザホ​ ^ ^ れ​ 「 丄​丁​ x ， （^(^リ口​ ， 「 「 ^ 仃​リ​じ​に​ 〜 「 じ​ リ​ ( 门​ ， i卜​ づ​ ^ ( リ​ リ^ x け​^ ( ^ 卜​ ザ​ 「リ​ ザ ​ ^ づ​^ ( - ^ x ( ^ ^(：に​リ ​ 「 「 「仃​じ​(：!^. ^ づ​ れ​ 「 匕​- ね​ づ​iii ^ リ​巾​ぉ​「 ザ​^ リ​ - 卜​。|づ​ ま​iiリ​ vひじ​ に​ ザ​ - ( ~ \^ 「 ， ^ ( 卜​ 巾​ ザ​ 「リ​ ^ 「 ザ​ * ( ^ 口​卜​ 门​ - リ​门​は​一​^リ​！！は​ & ^ ^ 卜​抑​— ゆ​" け​ ( - ほ ​ ^^ 门​i卜​ ^ リ​ 「 「 ，リ​门​は​ れ​^ 「 ゎ​ 「 口​ (^ リ​ 口 ​ ^ ^ ( ^ ヒリ​；ぱ​；门​ 匕​リ​ i门​ 「 口​ づ​ ^ ~ 门​ リ​ 「 「 「 リ​ け​ づ ​ 「 ^ ^ ^ 了 ​ か ​^ ^ ^ - ， ^ ^ ( リ​ ヒ​iiは​v ^ ~ ^ -口​ 「 . ^卜​ リ​ 门​ リ​门​は​"お​ ^ 卜​ リ​ 门​ は​ 口​卜​ iザ ​ ) 卜​ 卜​ づ​ ( ^ ^ ii リ​ づ​ づ​，れ​ 「は​糾​ 「リ​iiは​， ， ^ 「 づ​ 门​ ， 「 「 づ​ヒ​乂 ​ に ​^ & ^ ( ド​ 「 ，ザ​ 「 卜​ リ​ 门​ リ​门​は ​ ヒ​ ^ ^ v ^^ | ^ ^ づ​ ^ 门​ ！づ​ 「 卩​ づ​- 、 ^ (^リ​ け​ 「 ， 「リ​ 翁​ リ​,"ザ​ 「 リ​ —"リ​ 出​^ &" 「 リ​ ^リ​门​づ​ 「 「 门​ | ゆ​ ザ​「 ひ ソ​ 巾​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ，， れ​ づ​，( 门​^, し​？ 〃 「 ( |门 ( ^ ^ 「 「 ザ​ 「 x ^ ^ ^^ ^( ^' "！"^ . ^ 门​ ， 。." (^ ザリ​ ，ヒ​ 「 ， ， ， | 门​づ​ 化​ 「 ^ |リ​^ ， 丁​卜​ 「乂 ​" (^" ；门​じ​ しづ​ 乂​ 卜​ 「ザ​ ^ ^ ^^ ^ 巾​， づ​ ， ^「 ^ づ​ ザ​口​ 化​ii ^お​\^づ​リ​ ， ^ ^ リ​ 卜​ 「i门​ 『 「 &^ v"リ​，一​ぬ​ リ​ お​「 ^) づ​ぼ​ ^ 〜 ( ^ ^ 卜​ 口​「 ひ​v ^ づ ​ - 八​口​ロ​ づ​ix .- ^ x^ ザ​ ^^ ( ！ ！ | |ル​ 」 づ​ ザ​ 「，け​ii ^ ザ​ 「 . ソ​ リ​ づ​ 卩​「 门​ づ​ザ​ 「 (^^ 〜门​ 「- ^^リ​が​ づ​ 卜​ リ​ リ​ は​ ， ^ * 「 ^ ^ ^- ^ ^ -ザ​ 〜； 丫 ​卜​ リ​ ^ ！' れ​は​^ リ​ x ^ ^^ 「 ^ ^ ザ​- ^ ^ ^「 口​ 「 乂​， ^ ( * ， ひ​ 「 ， 门​ ， 「リ​ ( リ​ リ​ 「 づ​ ， づ​ \^ '- ^( ^门​ - づ​ ； ！リ​ リ​iiは​ 阳​リ​は​卜​ザ​ の​ 丫 ​ リ​； づ​- 「 x (^ む​ ^ リ​ リ​ .ゾ​ リ​ ^ ヒ​ ( ^ザ​ 「 ^ ^- ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^& ( リ​ は​ ，匕​リ​ 卜​ 「 x リ​づ​ づ​む​ ^ 化​ ^ リ​ リ​ * 「 | 「 \ づ​ 「 v 「 「 じ​ ^ づ​ ^ 「 * づ​「 づづ​ リ​ に​け​ ^ 巾​ ふ​ ザ​ ^化​ 「v "し​ ホ​ , ； ：| ^ ^ 〃 ， —. け​化​ ^ ( ザ​ ；门​化​ * 「v 〃 ， 「の​ 「 ，〃 は​ ^ ^ 〃 ， 十​ゾ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^^ ^ 丁​ゎ​ づ​ 「 卩​「 门​ づ​ザ​ 「 ## ^ ^ ^ 〜 「- ^^リ​か​ づ​〃卜​ リ​ ；门​ リ​ お​.丁​卜​ 、口 ​ じ​ば​ づ​ ゎ​ リ​ ；门​ リ​门​は​ ；！！ぉ​リ​づ​ ^ -^ ^ ^ リ​ ！' れ​は​卜​ ？ ^ | ： ^ v ^ ^ ザザヒ​ i卜​ 「 口​丁​卜​ づ​ x リ​づ​ れ​ 「- ( づ​ (^ ^ ~ リ​ 门​ リ​门​ な​, ^ 卜​ 巾​ ん​ 「 リ​ 「 ，ヒ​ ぉ​， ぉ​， 「 リ​ 门​ ^ リ​ リ​ 「 ！づ​ 门​ ， ^ ^ 「- ^( ^ ^ ^ ^リ​门​ i。 ( -^ v づ​ . 口​ 「 ^ お​打​ト ​ ^ 「 ^ ^ ザ​ 「 ( "^！^) 「 〃 づ​ 「リ​门​iな​"！^ "も ​ づ​." ( ( の​ 门​ホ​ 乂 ​ ^ 「 「 ホ​ リ​巾​ ザ​卩​ 乂​^ ぉ​丁​ 「 は​ ， ^ ^ i「リ​ ， 「 ；卬​| 「づ​ お​ ホ​ ( 「 ( けv； 「 お​ x ；ザ​げ​ 门​( 卜​ 「づ​i门​ リ​「 ^： * 卩​「 卩​ 「 も​リ​ぉ​ は​！ ^^(：ひ​；ひひ​， ， づ​^ ； ^ザリ​ ほ ​( ， ^ 「 ，〜 づ​， ^ . ^ ^ ザ​ に​ づ​の​ ホ​iv 柳​ 「 「 「 づ​ づ​ ホ​ 「 ^ 「. - ii& ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ 卜​〜 糾​。 「じ​ な​ ^ 「 ^ ザ ​ — & ( ^巾​ 化​ 乂 ​^ i& x^ ( x 门​ ザ ​^ ^ v卜​ リ​ 卜​ づ​ ^ は​ - 卜​ づ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ . 丁​^ ^ 「 ^「 づ​ザ​ 「 巾​ \^ ^ ^ リ​ は​ ザ​ 「 ( づ ​"。は​卜​，v れ​ 「 〜 ( リ​ づ​；^ リ​ ， ^ ( 「 ザ​ ^ x ^ ザ​ ^ れ​ 卜​ リ口​； リ​门​は​ ， x ^ ^ ^( ^ 「 リザ​ 「 "门​は ​ づ​\^ 「 リ​ づ​ づ​ ^ 「 \^ 门​ 』 に​iiん​な​ リ​卩​ づ​ 乂 ​^ ^ ^ ( 「 ？ 「 づ​ ^ 「 ^| ！ 化​ 仁​ 「ソ​，"^！ (^の​^扣​ノ ​、レ ​の​ 卜​iv ^ 「 ( ， 「 仃​ は​ づ ​ザ​ し​「 「づ​ お​ ザ​ 乂 ​^ '！ ^ リ​iiiは​| ん ​ 「 「^ * v ^ 门​ ： リ​づ​ ， 丁​卜​ ( & 「 「 ヒリ​ ザ​ 「"&口​ 卜 ​れ​ づ​ - ？)^^" ^ リ​も​门​ リ​门​は​ ^ ^ ^( ^ - ( 卜​ リ​ ；门​ じ​门​は​ x ^ -^ ^ ^ ^ 「巾​ 「 ぷ​ ( ^ ^ れ​ 「 ^ ( 「(？' ^ 「 vザ​ 「 卜​ リ​ ！ リ​门​は ​ 门​(^ 「 づ​ づ​ x づ​ ^ 「 口​ づ​ザ​ 「 ^^は​ リ​门​；な​ 「ザ​ 「 ^ 口​「 ， ^ ^ 「 口 ​ け ​口​「 门​ぉ​づ​ ^ ^ 「 「 门​ ，"は​卜​。" v - 丫 ​「 ^ ^ ^ ( ザ​ 「 ~ 「 「 「 「 リ​iiづ​ ^ 「 &^ ^ に​） ^ ^； 「 ， は​ 「 卩​ 「 づ​ "！^ &^ 「 ビ​ 「 x ^づ​. 「 お​ ^~ に ^ 「 「 リ​， ( ザ​ 「リ​ ^ け​； ^「き​ 仿​卜​ 口​お​" ^ ^ リ​门​は​ ^^ ^ ^ 「 门 ​ ^( ^ & x ( イ​ ^ ソ ​卜​ リ​ 「師​「 ひ​ ， 丁​卜​ 〜 づ​「 ^ 〃 「 「 〃 ！ ^ 「 「 が​リ​ 卜​ 〜 リ​ 「 ^ * ^ ザリ​iiiは​； (^^(^「；(：は​v， ， づ​〜 り​ づ​ザリ​ ( ； ， ^に​ 「 ， \^ づ​， . ii ^ 「 ^ ザ​ 「 ^ ^ 「 「( 「^ ザ​ 「 ^ 「 ( 「 乂​ | i门​ ^ ^ 「 ( ( ^ ^ ^ 「 ( ^ ^ 「 リ​け​ リ​ ^门​ ？「 ^( ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ ^ i门​ リ​ ； 门​ ザ​リ​iiiは​ ^ ん​ 口​ け​ ザ​^ 「 口​ 乂​巾​ 门​ . 丁​ゎ​ わ​^ づ ​ ザ​れ​ に​ 门​づん​ 「 「 卩​ は​ ( 乂​ 「 乂​ヒ​ ^ 「 リ​ 「は​づ​ ホ​|ソ ​ 「 i门​ 卜​ ^ ^^ ^ [^。(：^&. 「リ​ ； ^ ^ \^は​卜​ リ​i ^ ザ ​ ^ 「 「 ^ ( 「 〜 ， ^ 「 ビ​ ヒリ​ . ： 「 が​パ ​^「 ( x ^ ザ​ 「 「 「 「 ( ^ ホ​ づ​ 「， x 甲​ づ​ 门​ ！ 「 ， ： 「 ？ 「 づ ​お​"^！ 卜​「 〃 「 x^ づ​ ( 。""！ 丫 ​&。お​^ ？ 「 ザ​ x — ^ 巾​ 卜​|丫 ​ 「 「 乂​| 「 づ​ | 「じ​ ザ ​巾​ 化​〜 ^ リ​ 卜​ づ​ ^ ひ​ ね​ 卜​ リ ​ ( 门​ づ​~ づ​ づ​^ . 口​ x ^「 ！ ^ザ​ 「 ^ (^^^「'(^(：リ​卩​ぉ​づ​リ​ は​ ザ​ 「 ^卜​^卜​ 「 「 门 ^ ( ( ； 卜​リ​ ， * む 「 ザ​ x ^ ザ​ ！ ^ ) ( は​ ，了​卜​ ^ ^ ^ 口リ​ づ​ ^~ 「 ！ 〜ザ​ 「 ^ づ​^ 「 じ​ づ​ づ​ ホ​ 「 ^ ( リ​ に​リ​iiは​ ザ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ほ​^ ^ ^ ( ひ ​(："づ​ヒ​乂 ​^ * ( 「 ^ 「 ^ 「 ( ^ お​ - 。「乂​， "！^ 口リ​^." - ^^^^(！^ .- 矿 iiii 矿 ( ^^ 矿 ( ii * リ​ リ​xxし​ し​^じ​ ド​ & ^^ ^ ， - ^ づ​「 「 じ​一​. じ​「 ^ ザ​^ x^ ソ​ ほ​. .. - ？ 八​〜 乂 ​ 卜​ — ？ 「 ( ^ — ？ 「 ド​「 巾​丁 ​ ( じ​ リ​ 乂 ​， ， ， ， — ^ ^) 「！ ^ ^ じ​一​ じ​は​； ザ​「 「 ； ロ​じ​ リ​ ひ​ . . ， - ^丁​；\ し​し​^(：丁 ​ & ( - ^ ？^ ^ …， - リ​ じ​八​し​ド​し​众​じ​ 「 ^ ^ ^ "は​" ^ 「 ) ^ 化​ ザ​け​ リ​ぶ​. . ^ ^ 「& リ​巾​ 「 づ​ 化​ ^ ^ & ザ​* 「 「"リ​& 口​ ザ​"！ぬれ​"," ^ ^ 门​ 「 ソ​ 「リ​ づ​ ^ 〜卜​ 「 「 ^ 门^ & ^ の​ ザ​i卜​ 丁​^ ^ ！' v化​ お​^ 化​ 卩​ 「 、 「 ^ 「リ​ 门​ 「 づ​ ， ^ リ​ ！ ( 「 ^ ザ​じ​ ， 〜 リ​ 「， ^ リ​ ザ​ づ​iザザ​ 「 ザ​ - ^ ^ ^ ( 「 づ​リ​ ^ ^ 印​ わ​ ！じ​ ， は​卜​ リ​ 卜​ 卜​ 「 ^ ^ ( ( ^ ^ ^ ザ​ 「 ザ​ 、リ​ 「 ， 丁 ​ ( ^ ザ​ ^ ( ^ | ^ 「 は​ づ​ ^^ ( ^^ ザ ​「 ；づ​ 门​じ​ 「リ​ ザ​ 「 「ね​ じ​ ！ 「 ザ ​ 「 口 ​ ザ​ ' ^ ^ v ( 口​ 「 ，ドリ​「 卜​ 「の​ 「 ， ^ ： ^ 巾​ ^ 口​ 〜 「 〜 v ^ ^ ^ ザ​i卜​ ^ v (^卩​「； "' ^ ^ "は​"。"i リ​ リ​ ^ 「 づ​ じ​ ，卜​ \^ リ​ 「，〜 「 ^「 ( ？ 「 ^ ^ 「 ザ​ 卜​ 八​「の​ づ​「 x ^ 巾​| は​ 「乂 ​ ( 〜 「 ( & | リ​ 「乂 ​ 门​ リ​ ， 「 づ​ 门​ ^ 「 ^ ^ 卜​ ^ づ​；^ - ザ​ 卜​ 八​「巾​ づ​「 「 ^ 门​ 〜 は​ 「乂 ​ ( ^ 「 ^ ^ 「 ^ 丁 ​ ^ 「 ^ ^ 化​ 乂​〜 「 リ​； ， 「 ； ソ​^ ^ 八​「 。 「 に​ ^ ^ 〜 「 ^ ^ れ​卜​ 「 ^ v ^ 「 ~ 门​ し​ リ​ v (に​え​，ホ​ 八​「^ づ​ド​ 「じ​ 口​ 「 门​ 「 ^ 「比​じ​ョ​^。*！， ^ ^ ^ に ​^ ~ リソ​ ^ ^〜 ひ​「i リ​ づ​ ^ 巾​リ​ん​ 口​ は​v i卜​ 化​ 卩​ 「 门​ ザ​ ^ ^ リ​丫 ​( ^ ^ ゎ​ 巾​ 「 ， x ^ ザ​ 「 * 卩​ ^ ^〜 「 ^^ ^ * 「 ^ 「 じ​ 门​ リ​ v 八​ ^ づ​ ^ . リ​ ^ 「- * 「づ​^ 口​！ 乂​ づ​ 卜​や​ \^ 「 づ​ ， わ​ づ​ ^ ^ 卩​ 「 ザ​ ^ リ​ 「 ( ， づ​ ( ^/^ ( ^ 化​ 「 * 「 ^ ( - 「卬​ リ​ 「 も​门​巾 ​i门​ ^ ( ^ れ​は​"ザ​ れ​ 「 ( , 门​ リ​ ？ 「 ^ ^ ^ ゎ​レ​ ， i卜​ じ​「 \^ 〜 「 は^ 匕​ 「^ ^ ^！^. i门 ​^ ^ ゆ​は​卜​ ， 巾​ 「 リ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ， ^ リ​ ^ 〜^ ^ ^ ^ v ^ づ​ 「 づ​ ^ ^！|~ ザ​ ^ ^ 口​ は​ ザ​化​ ほ​ ^ ^ 〜 「 ひ​；づ​ ^ リ​丫 ​^ ^ 〜 「 ^ ^ 门​ヒ​ 口​ は​乂​， ^ ( ^ の​ 卩​ 「 づ​ ( 「 ^ ^ ^ 「 じ​ リ​ v ^ 「 シ ​ ^ 乂 ​^ リ​「 リ​ 《 ^ ^ リ​ ヒ​ ( は​v ；门​^ ^ 卜​ ^ - ^ ( 卜​ ^ ^ 「が​ 「 〜 v ホ​" ^ ^ ひ​ リ​ づ ​匕​乂​リ​ リソ​ ^ ^ 巾​ 卩​ 「し​^ れ​ 「 口 ​ v& v ( 「 ( ^ ^/^ ^ ^ 「 * ？ 门​ リ​ v # ^ 「 じ​ づ​ i卜​ - は​v门​ 卬​ 化​ ~ リ​乂​、卜​ パ ​i；". 「 ^ ザ​ ^ - ^ \ ^ ^ ^ 口​ 「 〜 「 づ ​ 「 ^ ザ​ ) ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 リ​ ゎ​^ ！( & 「 ^ ^ 〜门​ 卜​ | 「 「 ^ ( ザリ​ぷ​.ザ​ 巾​ 「 ^ ^ ほ ​ x ^ ぉ​ 「は​ ^ ^づ​の​ ； ひ​ - # ^ ^ ザ​じ​ 巾​ に​ ， i！ 卜​ ん​口 ​^ ^* ^ リ​， ， 口​ は​ じ​ 门​ リ​ ん​化​ ひ​ 〜^ リ​- ^ 「 ^ ^ ザ​ ^ ？ は​.ii i卜​ ^ ^脚​ 匕​ は​卜​ づ​ 卩​ は​ (^ ^ x ( ^ "び​ ( 「：， 脚​纖​"" ザ​i卜​ ( ( ^ ^ び​ 〜^ 门​リ​巾​ づ​ ^ ^ け​ ザ​^ ( け​ ^ ^ 〜 & ( ^ ( ^ 「 ( )ホ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ iザ​ 卩​ は​ ザ​ ^ リ​な​iづ​ ^ ( * ザ ​ . .ザ​ほ​ リ​ | ^ ^ 〜 「 ^ リ​， ， 「「は​ 「 \^ 「 じ​ リ​ ^ ( ザリ​ お​ ザ​ ぃ​门​ ザ​。"！ 。ザ​ 糊​「 リ​卬​ ^ ^ ^ ^讲​ 丫 ​ &:^ な​リ​づ​ 门​ 〜 「 ^ ( &「 卜 ​^ ザ​ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ i卜​ ^ ^ 「 ^ ( れ​* 「 ^ ^ リ​ . ！" 〜 リ​ に​ ^ (^ ^ * ^ ^ ( リ​ ^ 「 ^ ^ * 「 ( 「 ^ 〜 ， ^ ^ ^ ザ​ 门​な​は​リ​ゎ​ ， ^ 「づ​ 门​ 「| 乂 ​ リ​ i卜​ 「 ザ​ 「 门​ づ​ 「 ヒ​ ( 「 ザ ​ ， ^ 「 リ​门​ づ​ 「 づ​ ( ザ​i门​ 「 〜卜​ 「 卜​ れ​ わ​iリ​ゎ​ ^ づ​. ？ ^ i门​ ^ - ！' 〜 「づ​ ( 「 i, ^ 「 は​乂​， ' ザ​ ( れ​ 「 ( ゎ​ 「 口 ​ じ​ ザ​「 づ​ ；け​ ^ v ( リ​ リ​ ^ ザ​「 づ​ 门​ ， ^ ソ ​〜 「 リ​ ^ 卜​ ^ 卩​ に ​^ 「 ^^ v ？「 丁​ゎ​ ほ ​ (^ ^ 丫 ​ 「 ^ ，巾​ ほ​， ^ ^ ^ ザ​^「(：卜​ . .〜 「 「 リ​ な​ 。 ザ​iii ^ ザ​ ，。「 ^ ザ ​i卜​ ！「 ！" リ​ i门​ザ​ 「巾​ 匕​ に​ i卜​ ば ​^ ^ けれ​づ​比​ づ​ ^ ！ ^ ^ 「 ( 卜​ 巾​ i卜​ リ​ . ^ の​ 「 ^^「 ^卜​れ​ ^ザ​ 「口​ 「 リ​ は​ ^^ 「 ぱ​ じ​ ， ^ ザ​ に​^^ - ^ ^ ^ リ​か​ ぉ ​ づ​リ​ ^ ' ^ リ​； の​ ； 「 「 ；「 「 ^ ^ 「「ほ​ひ​丁​ 「 ^ 口​ ^ひ​ リ​ x ( . ^ 口​ 「 ^ ソ​む​ * ！' 口 ​ ザ​「 ぱ​ ^ ヒ​ づ ​ザ​「 巾​ ！^ 「の​ ヒ​ 「 ザ​ ^ げ​ザ​ | ； ， 「 づ​ ^ ^ ゆ​匕​ 「 ， け​ ^ ^ & ^ ^ ^ x^ ( - 八​口​^ づ​ほ​ .- ^ 门​リ​ 「 ^ ？「 ^「 ^ 「 ^/ v ^ ^ ^ 〜^ ^ 「 ( ザ​ ^ 门​リ​ 「 ， ； ザ​ 「 わ​ 门​ ( ^ リ​ ， 卜​ づ​^ ^ザ​「 卬​门​ ほ​卜​ヒ​ 『 ， ^ ( ^ ^「 〜 ^ 。 ||^ ^ ^ 「 け 《 「卩​ 「 〜卜​ 「 - ^ は​ づ​ザ​ 「 ) ^ ^ ^^ ^ vむ​ |「リ​ リ​ 「 づ​ じ​ ^ ^ 〜 「 「 口​ 「 づ​ 卜​ほ​リ​ リ​ 「 ぱ​ 乂 ​ ' . 八​ ^) 「 \^ ^ ^ の​ お​ &,"。ゆ​。" ， | || # ^ ^ .. ^ ^ ザ​^^ ， . ( ^ 「 の​ 「 ^ ゎ​ 「 门​れ​ 「 门 「 づ​ ザ​ ^ 「 〜^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ 。 ： づ​. ^ ^ 八​匕​ ^ ^ 「 〜 ^ 〜 「 リ​ 「 ザ​ 「 x ^ ^ ^ 「！ (！^ ^ 八​*"巾​ づ​ド​ x ， ^ 「^ ^ ^ | ， リ​づ​v；门​ 门 ​丁 ​ 「 门​リ​门​ リ​ 「 は​； ， . - ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ザ​ 门​ソ​ に​ ) 「 ザ​じ​ リ​巾​ ホ​ ホ​ 「 * づ​，八​^ 「ヒ​ 门​ ^^ 〜 「 卬​卩​ 「 「 〜 「 ^ リ​ わ​ ， ^ ひ ^ ， ( ^ ^ れ​ 「 リ​门​ ^ 卜​ け​リ​ リ​ 「 ほ​ i。 ^ ii门​ ( ( ^ ^ 『 (「 ( ザザ​。「 。 「 ^ リ​；门​ げ ​ 「 ぱ​ ( ^ 「 ^ i门 ​ ) ( ^ 乂​，出​- ^ * 〜 「に​门​ ^ 「 リ​ ^ ^ 匕​ 乂​， ^^门​ぉ​ひ​乂​， ゎ​ ， ^^ ^ (( 「v, 「 & ( づ​ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ & 乂​， ^#糾​ 「 リ​づ​ づ​ ^ リ​の​ 「 ， ^ 卬​ 巾​ 「 i卜​ 「 ^ 〜は​ii ^ 闩​ \^ リ​ 「， ザザ​ 「 ； 门​ リ​门​ り​ ^ 「 「 ^ 「ひ​ リ​ れ​ ^ リ​ は​ づ​ 「 ^ ^ ^「 ^ ザ​ 巾​ ソ​， ^ 「 リ​の​ ^ 丁​^ x し​し​ ：丁 ​ ^ 丁​卜​ リ​ \^ ^ ^ ^^(^^「"乂 ​i卜​「 リ​ ^ け​- リ​^ 「 ^ リ​ ト ​ ！' 〜 づ​ リ​ 「 づ​ヒ​乂​口​ 「门​ 「 v 「v ^ ^ リ​门​は​ リ​ 「 づ​ 乂​ ザ​ 「 乂​，众​口​「リ​ ， . 丁​^ リ ​づ​ づ​ x -v 门​ザ​ 「巾​ 瞧​ 门 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 门​ ^ ！^. ^) ( ' 门​ リ​ リ​ 「 ザ​ ^) リ​ ゎ​ 「 づ​し​つ​ ひ​リ​(：わ​ 门​ リ​ぱ​ れ​ 「 リ​ リ​ 「 リ​ . 丁​^ リ​ リ​ ！「 ^ リ​ リ​ i门​门​ 「「 む​リ​ ^ す 「 ザ​ リ​iiは​ づ​ ， は​ 卜​ 「じ​ 门​ 门​； ^ ^^「(^门​( ザ​ ^ ^ ^ | * ゎ​ ^ | | 「れ​ 「 リ​ づ​ づ​卬​ ^ ^ リ​ 门​ ；「 门​じ​ 门​ リ​ 丫​，八​^)口​「 乂​卜 ​^ v x ザ​^ ^ ^ ^ 「 リ​「 づ​化​ |「ザ​ ^ . ^ ^ ( ^ づ​；づ​ ？ ( ^ ザ​ 「卬​ ^ v ^ ^ 「 v；？は​ づ​^ 门​ リ​^ ， . ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 リ​「 ザ​ ^ ( 「 门​ザ​ 「 ^ ^ x ^ ^ ( (^^ 「 〜 ^ ( ( ヒ​乂​は​ ゆ​ 「， iザ​ ~ 「乂​，ヒソ​ 口​ 「 门​ リ​^は​， ^ ホ​ ^ ： ； ザ​ 「巾​ | 门​. i门​ ^ 「 ！ ！门​ ^ v ^ 「 ^ ひ​ め​ 「 お​（：。リ​^ ^ ^ 卩​ 「 ザ​ ( 卩​ ^じ​- ，ホ​ 卜​ 卜​ づ​ 「 〜 「 (リ​ づ ​ ||| ^ か​ ^ (* ^ゎ​ づ ​は​ ( リ​ は​ づ​ヒ​ソ​ 门​ の​ 「 に​ ~ 口​ づ​リ​ 川​ づ​ザ​ れ​ 「 ^^ ( ( ^ ^ / ^ リ​「；门​ ^ リ​闲​ 「 ！" vほ​は​.v リ​ は​ 〜 「 リ​の​ 「 ヒ​乂 ​ 「 vほ​は​ ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ リ​门​は​ ^ じ​ リ​ ひ​v 「 - ^ 门​ ザ​^ リ​ 「 ！ ザ​^ 门​ リ​ ！ 门​ ；「 ： 卜​ 「ト​ザ​ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 ザ​^ | | ， わ​ ^ ^ ^ リ​ ^ 「 门​ イ​ 「巾​（^リ​ 门​ 「 ； ^ リ​ ^ リ​^ 「 ザ ​ リ​ わ​ 门​&.^ 巾​卩​ii门​ 口​「 ， ^ 「 \^ リ​ づ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ リ​ な​^ ^ 〜 「 ！' ^ ホ​ ^ ザ​ 「巾​^ ^ ~^ ( 口 ​「 ^ 「 口 ​ 丫​ づ​.「 「巾​ ザ​ ^ ^^ リ​ 「丫 ​ 乂 ​^ リ​ は​ ^ i i 口​ x 门​ ) ^ ^ ^ ザ​ 「 ( ^ 门​ 「 ； は​；" - ^「 ^ ^ づ​ || 「 ^||づ​~ ；^ ^ リ​ ザ​ れ​ 「 ^ , ト ​は​ 门​ ， リ​ 〜 卜​ 「 ^ リ​ ；门​ リ​门​は​ 口​ 「響 ​ ^ ^化​ ^ ^ ^ 「 ) ^ 「 ^ 。ザ​ ^( ^ 巾​ 「 ぉ​ ^) り​リ​ ゎ​ 门​ 「 〜 「 ( ザ​ 「 ^ 门​リ​^ 「 む​ 门​ ザ​ 「 门​ 「 ^ は​ 「 ^ ^ ^リ​ ~ 「 は ​^ 口​は​ ，卩​「 ， は​ 「乂 ​； : ， 门​i卩​ ， ^ ^ 「 ホ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( (( \ ^( 乂​卜​ リ​り​门​ リ​ 门​ 圍​ づづ​は​ ^ 「 ^ 「 门​ リ​ ； 门​ 「 ， ^ ( 巾​ 「丫 ​ ^ ザ​ 「八​巾​ 「卜 ​ ( 门 〜 (^ ^ * ^ ザ​ 「ゅ​ ！" づ​ 「 门​^ ^ ^/ づ​ * ^ ^ ^ 「 ザ ​ ^ ^ ( x^i^i^i リ​「匕​ は​ づ​ 「 ) ザ​ 「 ^ ほ​ づ​ ^ ^ ^ 「 (^ ，卬​ ， 「八​ リ​i ^ ^ に ​丁​卜​ リ​ ( 「 〜 「 ( 「 ^ 「 「 化​ ザ​。「 ^ ^ じ​ リ​ ， 丁​卜​ 乂​做​「 ( ^ ^ 口​「 お​ づ​ ！' v 匕​v ^ ^ ( ^ ザ​ 「 ( じ​ 巾​( リ​ 「（ド​ に​）.ド​ 「巾​ れ ​ め​ リ​ わ​ 「 ， ^ ！ ザ​ 「の​ 墨 ​ 叩​ づ​〜化​ 「 ^) 。づ​ は​ ^ 乂 ​^ リ​ 「 「糾​ ^ ^ ^ ^ れ​ リ​iづ​ ，，「 づ​ ゾ ​ - ザ​「 巾​ ^ 「 ^ ^ ザ​i卜​ リ​ 「 ^ 「 门​ ザ​ 「「ぉ​ 卩​リ​ 「 口​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^「 ' 丁​卜​ 巾​卩​リ​ 「 ^) \ リ​づ​ i门​ 「/！ i门​づ​iv；づ​じ​ 门​づ​ お​「 ^ ( 口​「 门​ 〜 おけ​。冊​"！" ^ .ド​ 「 "口 ​ x づ​ ， - ザ​ 「の​ ， づ​口​ づ​ ザ​ ^ ザ​ |^ ^ 卜​ リ​ 化​ ( 化​ 卜​ け​ザ​ し​^ 巾​；ひ​ ザ​iiは​ づ​， "「 ( " 乂​「 じ​， づ​ 「 ザ​ 「「 づ ​ ^ ( ^ ^) ザ​ 「リ​ わ​ ， ^ * ^ ( づ​ ， ^ ザ​ 「の​( 「 &ョ​の​口​ぉ​)^ - れ​ 「 口​「 づ ​ 「 リ​ 卜​^ ^ ( 门 ^ 「 ^ |リ​ 「 り​リ​ 「 づ​ 「 口​ ( (^ 口​「 リ​ ^ ^「 「 v^に​卜​ | ^ 「 づ​ ソ​「 & リ​「 づ​ 「 ^ ( 「门​リ​^ 矿​ じ​ ^ * ^「 ^ ！^ ^ 「 づ​ づ​ x ^ リ​ - 「 ， ^ザ​ 「 ^ ^ が​ づ​， ^ ザ​ ( ^ 「 巾​ヒ​「 ザ​ii巾​ づ​， づ​ ^ ザ​； ( 〜 ，，「 ！ ヒ​乂​「 じ​ ( 仃​ 门​ - ザ​ 「「 づ​ 巾​ 「 ( ^ ( 「巾​ ^ ザ​「 巾​ ^ 卩​リ​ ； ；「 糾​ ( 「 ^ ^ リ​「 リ​ (：。〜口リ​ 「 ^ 「 リ​ 卜​ リ​〜 「 ザ​ ( ^~ ( ( ^^ 化​ ^「 ^リ​は​ ザ​ ^ ( ^ 〜 「 ^リ​ 「 ^) む​ 〜^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^け​ ^ ^ 「 ^ 口​リ​& ^ 「 口​「 ^ 「 づ​ ^ "；门​ ^^ ( ^ ^ リ​ 「 〜 ？「 パ​ヒ​ ， 八​卬​ 「 ^ ( ( ( ^ 「！^ ザ​i* づ​ ^ 「 ぉ​ 门​ ？「 「 ^む​ 化​ リ​ ザ ​？ ^ リ​ 门​ 门​づ​ - .リ​ 。ひ​"/口​も ​ - . - 八​口​口​ 门​ .-/^ - ^ ザ​ 卜​ ^ ほ​ ， ！！^！！^じ​わ​ ， "- 「 「 ， 丁​卜​ ^ リ​| ゎ​ ザ​ ^( ( ^ ！ - ( i卜​ リ​ 「 ザ​ ^ ^^ づ​ホ​ & ( 「「 に​ ) 门​づ​ 「づ​ 「「 「 ザ​ リ​ひ​ 乂 ​ )^ ( ！ リ​「 ホ​ リ​ 「は​^。门​ 化​ 卜 ​ ( ザ​「 ホ​ ^ ( ^ 门​づ​ホ​ 巾​ リ​「 ザ​ホ​ ^ ~ れ​は​卜​^ ^ ^ ザ​「 の​ ^^^^^「 巾​| 翁​ 叩​「 x^ お​ 抑​ 「 「 ま​ ( 巾​口 ​ . 丁​卜​ ^ ^ ( ( ^ ^^ 「「 「口​ 「 は ​ ) ザ​ 门​ 「リ​ ^ iii ^ ^ 口​「 「；^ づ​ ^ ^ ^ ホ​ ( / ( ホ​ リ​ 「 「 は​ ザ ​ 卩​ ぉ​ ヒ​ 巾​口 ​ . 丁​卜​ ^ ( ザ ​ ( な​ づ​ 「づ​ ぽ​ 「 门​づ​ ~ ( i门​ ひ​ ザ​ 「^ づ​ ^ 「 ( '！ 什​ 卬​ ^ ( 卩​「 づ​"「 ， ^ ^ ^| づ​ づ​ ^ - ^ ( 「 ^ ( ^ ^ ( 「「 に​ ^ 巾​- 口​ 「「 「 ^ 「 ^ ( ^！ ^!] ^ ^ ^ ^ v x ^ づ​（：ひ​！！！( は​ヌ ​ ( 「 づ​ 门​づ​口​「 づ​ ね​.「 「 x 巾​口 ​ ， ( 「 ( づ​iii门​ ， ^ \^ ^ 「 ^ ； ( 「 v ，门​ 「 づ​リ​ 「「 「 i卜​ 八​卬​ 「 づ​ ； づづ​^仁​リ​ぉ​； ザ ​ ^ 「 ： ザ​ ^ ^ び​ 「 ^ ( ， じ​ (「 ザ​リ ​？ ； 仨​「！" ド​ ！ ^ 口​ づ​ほ​， ^ ( 「「 「巾​ 乂​ ザザ​ ： i卜​ づ​ ^ 糾​ 乂​ 圍​に​ひ​ 「 ^ 「 ； ひ​ づ​ づ ​「 づ​ 〜 乂​"出​ ^ リ​ 卜​ | ； は​v 。ザ ​ 卜​ づ​ ( 卜​ リ​ づ​(ゎ​ 「 ザ​ 「 ザ​づ ​ ^ づ​ 「^ 「「 に​曰​「「 「 ^ i门​ ||「 ^ ^ ^ ( づ​じ​ 巾​卩​ じ​ リ​ づ​ ね ​ づ​ ^ づ​ 「 「 「 x 口 ​ ， i！ 「 ^) づ​ 门​ v ^ ( 「- 「 ^ 「 卜​ げ​！ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ( ザ​^ ^ ( 「 ^ ^ 乂 ​ じ​ は​ 「ソ​^ に​ 俯​づ​ \^ 「づ​ ( 柳​「 「！ ^ 「 「 《 (^ づ​ ホ​ づ​ 「づ​ 「「 に ​ ^ ザ​ づ​ x び​ 丁 ​。 ！ x - ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ i门​i卜​ 口​口​ 门​づ​ix ^ ；门​ザ​ ゎ​ 门​门​ お​「v (^ i卜​ ( 「づ​ - ' ザ​ "口 ​ ( ^ ( i门 ​ ( ほ​「 口 ​ 「 门​ 「づ​ 「 口​ け​ 「巾​ ^ ヒリ​ | ，は​ & ^ 「v ^ 〜 i卜​ じ​ づ​|リ​ づ​ づ​ 「づ​ 「「 「ザ​ 「 ^ ^ ト ​ (^ 「！ ^ ~ 门​ ^ 「 ， ^ \^ ^ づ​「 リ​iiリ​门​ 「 ( 「 ^^ ^ ( ザ​口​ 「 门​ ，ザ​ の​； ； ， 「 卜​ リ​ 出​ け​ ) ^ ^ ^ 卜​门​ゅ​リ​ ； * づ​巾​ 门​ ザ​ 「ザ​ 「 卜​ 卩​ は​！に​じ​ほ​* ^* 「 ^ 「i は​ 巾​ ， ^ ； づ​ ^ ^ 「 ザ​^ 「 ^ リ​ は​ ^ 「 ^ i卜​ ^「 ザ​ ^ 口 ​ ， ^ ！). 丁​卜​ づ​ リ​ ^ ！' 「 ザ​ は​ ^ ^ ザ​ ^ リ​ ^^ ^ ^ 口​| 乂 ​「 ( ( ( 「 じ​ づ​リ​「 リ​ づ ​ザ​。「i卜​ に ( 卜​ x x ( ね​ づ​ 「づ ​ びび​ ザ​ わ​^ ，ザ​ 糾​ ^ ^ ^ "： ョ​. ^ リ​ づ​；リ​な​ づ​ づ​ 「づ ​ び​ 「ザ​「 ^ 「 ( 「ザ​「 巾 ​ ^ ザ​ ^ ^ ) ^お​ 《 「ホ​ 闹​ づ​ ( 「 ^ ^ ~ ， 「 が​び​ 將​ 乂​， は​「 づ​ ^ |~ ^^ 「 ^ ^ ^ 乂​ 「 ^ ^ ( ： ( ホ​ ^ 「 「卜​ | リ​ は​#^ ^ ^ ^) ^ザ​ が​「 ザ​ 「 * 「 ，リ​ ^ 口​ 「 「 ^ ，ザ​ か​「 ザ​ 「 ^ 「& ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 「！ 。づ​^ 卜​ - ザ​；が​ぼ​ザ​ 「 ^ ^ぉ​门​ ( に​ ( ^ ザ​ 「ザ​ 「 ^ ^ - - ( ( ， リ​ '- ^ ~ . ^ 门​「 〜 门​ ^ 化​ 「 ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ ( \^！ ^ ^ * 乂​ リ​ 「 〜。「(（わか​vリ​iii口​〜ホ​ リ​ づ​|"れ​ づ ​な​ づ​ 「づ​ 「「 「 乂 ​iが​xザ​ (^ に​iザ​お ​ ^ 「 「 ^ ^ - リ​ ^* - ザ​ に ​^ v ( ^ ザ​ 「の​リ​ ぉ​ ( ^ ) 八​ づ​ ， ^ リ​ づ​)リ​ ふ ​ 「づ​ 「「 「 ザ​ 「 ^ ^ 「 ザリ​ ひ ​ ^ ( ほ​ 「 ^^「(： ( ( 「 ^ 「 ， 丁​卜​ & ^ ザ​ 「 晰​ソ​ほ​「 ^ ^ 「 巾​ 。 。ね​， ^ 「 卜​ ザ​ ^ 「 ^^ ^ 卜​ 乂 ​ ^ 「 ^ 丁​^ わ​の​ づ​ ( ^ ！ ^ 「 ， v 「 ^ ^ | ^ ( ( ^ リ​ 「 乂​， づ​ ^ ^ ^ づ​ 「づ​ 「「 「 ザ​ 「 ( 「 リ​ 「ゲ​ づ​ 「づ​ び​ 「 ^^「 ( 「 ， 「 「 ( ^ 口​ x 门​ i卜​ 「 ^ 「 「 「 ， ^ リ门 - iじ​^^ づ​ 「づ​ び​ 「 ^ 「 ) 〃 「 ^ 乾​^ ( ^ ^ i卜​ & ^ 「 "は​"i。 。ザ​お​ & ザ​ ^ 「 ，リ​ (^ は^ づ​ 「 び​ ！" . け​ザ​—丁​卜​ 门​づ​ 「づ​ 「「 「 ~ ^ ( ( ザ​「 ^ ^ 「 づ​ 「 ゾ ​ ^) ( ^ 「 ^ ^ & ^( ^ i门​ v ^ ( 卜​ & ^ 「 「「 「 け​管​ 「 ， * 「 リ​ づ​ ^^ づ​げ​ 「 乂 ​ ^ ^ ^ 卜​「 ( ( ： iト​ 「づ​ ザザ​ 「 ^ 爪​- ^ ( ^ ^ ^^ ( - v じ​ ， i门​ ( 「づ​ 「「 「 ^ ^ )^ ^ ^ ヒ​^ x ^ ^ ^ ^ ( 「 ザ​) ^ ：の​ ， ^ ^「 ^ 「 ( ( 「( 「「 「 ^^( 「 xi- ^ ^ ^ |リ​ 「 ザ​ホ​ リ​巾​ ザ​！ ^ ！ づ​ リ​ づ​リ​ 门​づ​ 「づ ​ - - 闪​ 「 ^； ^ ，ザ​ 「 づ​ 「づ ​ ^ 「 乂 ​ ^ ( ^ x ^ v： い​に​ 〜"^ド ​丁​卜​ の​ ホ​ ^，卜​ れ​れ​ 「，^ ^ ^ ~- ( ( ( v 「 ^i ^^ ) * づ​- 「づ​ 「「 「け​ ^ ^ ^ ( 卜​ ^ 丫 ​^ ^^ ^ (^ ^ 「「 ^ 「け​ ( ^ ) ^ ^ 「 ん​ 卜​ 丫 ​ (^ ^ (^ i^iv (〜) 「「 づ​. ^ ^ ^ ^ v じ​ づ​ザ​ 「^ づけ​ザ​ 「 ^ ( 「 巾​ り​ ^ ^ む​ ^ 「お ​ ^ ^ ^ ( 。 | 「 ひ​ 乂​，丁​卜​ づ​ 「づ​ 「「 「《 「 ^ づ​ ^ ^ の​口 ​ ね​ づ​む​ ^ ^口​「 | 「 「 お​ ザ​ホ​ほ ​^ ^ に ​ ， ザ​^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「(！ ( v ^ 「 ^ け​- 「 ^ ザ​ 「 ^ —丁​卜​ づ​ び​ に​ ザ​ ^ (^が​门​づ​ じ​| 门​ * リ​ 「 * x^( ^ ^ ^ ^ お​ づ​， ^ ザ​i卜​ が​ ， ^ & ^ ^ ^ ^ リ​& ザ​^ ^ ( ^^ ^ ^ ( ^ 口​「 ^^「 リ​化​づ​. ^ ^「 x ^ ホ​ ね​ づ​ 「づ ​ 「「 「 ザ​ ^ ^ 卬​ 乂 ​^ ( ザ​ リ​ 糾​ ： ^| ホ​ v 「i ^ ^ホ​ ^ (「！^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ； 〜リ​は​i口​〜 ( &リ​ リ​ vザ​~ づ​ "(！ ^ 口​「 ^リ​ 乂​ 卜​ ザ​ ( ^ ^ ^ x ( ； ^ め​ ^ 「 - 八​ロ​| 门​づ​ほ​ .-/^ - v ザ​^ * 「( ( じ​ リ​ ^ v り​ ^~ & xィ​ - ^) ^ 「 '门​ 「 リ口​ ， 「^ ( 〜 「 ザ​ \^ ： i一​丁​丫​口​ ザ​ リ​ 卜​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 门 /力​"。"《ズ​"タ​ひ​"/な​ル​/め​ ^ ^ ^かな​/? 額​ ^ ( ^ ひ​"お​ - 门​ す ​i 口​ 「 ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ 口​ 「 ^ ( リ​ は ​ 「卬​ 「 ^ 「 门​ ii /^は​。" /わ​〃。"タ​/"タ​ひ​〃/お​^/は​" ド​ ^ / 乂​^ * 糊​ ^ ^ - ^ リ​れ​ぉ​ り​ ^ 「 ^ リ ^「 じ​ ^ 「 ^ 「 ^ 「 门​^ ^ //？ 〃 お​に ​〃。"；/"タ ​ 「 ^ ' ^ 「 & ^ iii「 ^ 「 「 ^ 「 门​ リ​门​は ​ ^ 「& & 门 ^ ^ ^ ^( ^ ね​ —！" リ​ 卜​ ぉ​ズ ​ ^ ^ ^ ！「 ~ * リ​ ^ づ​ 「 || ^ 口​ 卜 ​ iii 「 ( け 「 ， ね​ iii-八​ ズ​ スズ​闩​ (^/ ( 「！ 山 ​ ^ ^酷​/お​ 户​ な​ / 。ザ​^ / ^ 。「ゆ​" ^ vお​" ザ​ 乂​ 「 ザ​ 乂​ 「 ザ​ぉ​ 乂​ 「 ザ​ ソ​ 「 ザ​ ソ​ぉ​" ザ​ 乂​ 「 ザ​ 乂​ 「 ザ​ 「 づ​ 「 ^ ^ - ^ ( 「 「 リ口​ /^な​。〃 \ ^ ^ / / / 。〃タ​//？ ^ 门​づ​ x ~ 「 「 ( ^ ^i( /？お​ メ ​ ' ^ 乂 ​ ^ 「！ 「 「 リ​卩​ ^ な​ョ​"，^ ^ な​/ "お​^ - 化​乂​-ミ​！^门​；ホ​ 「 れ ​ ^ 「 リ​| ^ / ^ / / ^ / メ ​ 「^ ^ ^ 「 /^は​^ x 卩​ ん​ ^ 「！ 。「| 「 叩​ ホ​ 矿​ x ^( ^ ^ ^ ^ は^ わ​。レ​ メ ​ - . x 口 ​ ん​ 卜​ 「； 「 い​口​ ^ ^ ^^ 「 ， ^ 《；^ ( | 「 じ​ づ​リ​「 〜 ^ ^ ^ り​ 「 「 「づ​ れ​ ； 卜​(.丁​卜​； 〜 ^ ^ ^^[' x ( ^ ^ 「 ザ​ ^ ( 「 ( 口​ 「 ザ​ 「 ゎ​ 卩​ ， ^ x 口 ​ ( ) 口​*" ， じ​ づ​ 「 ^ | iザ​ ^^ 「v, ^ 「 リ口​ iii 。ザ​化​ き​ ( 口​「 ^ x ) づ​ - 门​ 「づ​ 「 * 匕​リ​は​v 。ザ​ ^ 「 【 - ^ ( 卩​「 じ​ ( リ​「 ， ^ 「 ^ 《げ​ ^ ， 门​乂 ​ 「 リ​口 ​ ^ ふ​ ^ ^ 「は​ 「； ^ ^ 「 ( ^ ^ ^ ( ^ 「 ^ 「 ザ​ 卜​ ^ 卩​ リ​ * 门​は​， ソ ​帐​ほ​卜​お​づ​ ^ じ​ リ​ 〜 ^ ^ 「 ( & づ​〜は​^ ( 「 「 リ​ ^ ) 「 ( ひ丁​ づ​ 卜 ​ ( | ひ​ 「门​.八​ i卜​ 卜​；「づ​ # 卜​ 〃 卜​ ド​ 「 じ​ ^ 「v ^ ( ( ^ ^は​卜 ​ ^ "\^\^^\x^" 「 「乂 ​ ヒ​ ^ ヒ​ リ​ ( ひ​ は​「； ^ ( ^ 「 ^ ！' (卜​ リ​の​- に​ ^ - 「 iii ^ ^ * ザ​ | 出​ は​ ぉ​れ​ ゆ​" リ​门​づ​ 「〜 ^ ^ ザ​「 づ​ リ​ ) ^ リ​ づ​ 「 ( ^ ^ ね​ リ​ ， ^ ！ 「 ， ^ v \') ザ​ * ^ ^ 口​， - リ​ 卜​ リ​^ ザ​^ ( ^ ^^ ザ​ 「 じ​| ^ ^ 「 〜 ^ ^ 「 ^ゎ​ i 「 リ​卩​.丁 ​ ^ * ^ ^ ^ 卩​ 「 ！ 「 リ​卩​^ ^ の​リ​iゎ​卩​ ； づ​ ソ​^ i 「 リ​卩​！' ( ( 「 づ​リ​ づ​|リ​ づ ​れ​ ； 卜​む​i。 ( に​^ ね​ i づ​)リ​ づ ​^ ^ ^ 「 づ​|リ​ ( づ​ 乂​め​ 「 ！ ザ​ ^ ^ ( ^ リ​巾​ ザ​ ^ & i ^ ^^ ザ​ 「 巾​卩​ ^ 「 ^ ii 「 叩​.ド​ 门​ 乂​， ^ ii ^ * 〜 「 づ​ リ​;^ づ​ iii匕​v ^ 「 ； ザ​ ^ ^^( ^ 化​ ( ザ​ ^ ( ii ^ ^ 丁​ 「 巾​卩​ 卩​ 「 ^ iii 「叫​卩​.丁​ゎ​ i卜​「 ザ​ づ​， 】リ​ れ​ 「 口​ 「ザ​ 「 づ​ \^ (^ は​^ほ​リ​。！！幻​ 「づ​ 「が​リ​ 门​ 匕​ リ​ ， 丁​卜​ 〜 ^ づ​ザ​「 ^ ^は​ 「 - ザ​ 「 ( iiiれ​ 「 ^ i卜​ ^ ( ？ 「 门​「 じ​ 「づ​ ， ！" \^ リ​ し​ \^ ) ( 「 リ​ づ​； ザ​ 「 ヒリ​ づ ​ \ 丫​れ​卜​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 门​ ( 「 ！" x ^ ( ，け​^ ザ​； 〜 ！ ^ ザ​ に​ ^ 卩​ 「 卩​さけ​に​リ​ ョ​「 「 じ​ ゆ​ . ， ^ - ^ ザ​ * ^ ^ 「 ^ 「 リ​^) ^ 「 v v^)\)/ ( ^ ^ ^ ザ​ づ​ 卜​ ' ザ​ リ​「ィ​け​^ 「 ^ ^ 〜 ^^ ザ​ . 口​ \^ ^ れ​ 「 づ​ 「ん​ づ​ザ​ 「 リ​ ゎ​ 卜​ ^ ^ 「 ^ (^ x ^ づ​ は​ ^ ， 丁​^ れ​ 卜​ ^ 「 ( v づ​)リ​ 门​ ゎ​ 〜 ^ ^ 「^ リ​ 「 が​「 门​ ^ 「 ^ ， 「 ( v化​ 「 じ​か​「 ザ​ ^ ョ​ ^ ^ 「 づ​ 「 わ​ ) ^ リ​「 ^ * リ​ ザ​ ゎ​ ^ ^ づ ​ ^ ( ^ ^ ^( ； ^^ ^ ) ^ 「 ， ！"^ ^ 「 づ​リ​「 ザ​ 「 ^ リ​ は​ ^ 门​ゎ​ 丫 ​^ ^ ザ​ 「 ( 「 丁 ​ | 「づけ​ザ​ 「 ^ "お​ ^ ^ ^) ( ^ リ​门​は​「 「 じ​ づ​リ​「 ^ づ​ 门​ ^ ( ^ ^ v ^ ^ 「 ( ^ 口​「 づ​ 「 ^ づ​ 门​ 丁​卜​ ザ​ 「 ザ​ 「 ( ^ ^ リ​ - じ​ は​ ( | v ^ ^ ^ ( ^^ ( ^ ( づ​ ^ づ​ ^ ^ ( わ​ 〜 门^「 -^ - ^ ^ 「 ^^ /^ 「& 「 リ​ じ​ ゎ​ リ​ ~ リ​门​ ， ^「 「〇​リ​| 〜 「 "わ​" ( ^ ^ 「 「 ^ ザ​ 「 ^ リ​^ ^ 「 ^ ( ^ ： ^ ^ - ^ 画​丁​ i 一​丁​乂​ ザ​ - ^ ^ ^き​は​ 门​ ひ​〃/'な​购​ゎ​ ^ 〜 iv (^な​/, 鶴​ひ​〃ゴ​/^/?リ​れ​お​ 口​ 「 & ^ じ​ は ​ ^ 「 ^ リ​ 口​ 「 ^ リ​ け ​ - ^^ ( ix .-/^ 『 v ザ​ 卜​ ( - - & ^ ^ 卜​ リ​ 「卬​ 「 「 リ​ 门​ "おれ​ ひ​",な​謂​化​ ~ ^\ ^ に​/な​/?。"？ 糊​ひ​〃^"リ​お​ ( ^ ^ リ​门​は ​ ^ 「 リ​ 卜​ 「 ^ 「 口​ 「 リ​门​は ​ 〃 (^ 「 - ^ ひれ​/な ​ ^ 「 ^ ( 口​ 「 门​ 门​^ き​ リ​ゅ​ 「卬​ 「 ^ 「 i门​^ リ​ 门​ リ​门​は ​ —丁​ リ​「 / 门​づ​ 「！ 出 ​ ザ​！" ( リ​ 卜​ づ​ 「ズ​\ リ​ 「 - - - - - 動​ に ​^ /^ ^ ザ​ / ^ / / 〃タ​'" 〈わ​。"お​/リ ​レ​ /说​ ザ​お​。" , , , , , , , , 。 , , , ， 十 ​ 化​ ！" 则​ 「 「 叩​ ^ ^ リ​ リ​ — ( ^卜​ 「！ 「 「 じ​^^ ル​な​"，^ ^ な​/ "ゴ​ 广​^ ^ ) リ​ リ​ — 卩​ ！ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ (^^「ぉ​め​ 厂​ほ​ / ) * ^ リ​ リ​ —&口​ | ^ ！ ^ 「； 「 叩​ 巾​ リ​ リ​ — ^) * 「 「 「 叩​ i ^ は ​ ^ 尸​ な​ / ザ​ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ /* - - - - - 。 ^ 化​ 「 「 /^な​ / "。す​ / / / / 〃タ​/" 「 「 「 申​ ^ ^ 「 门​ - ( ヒ​ 「； ね ​ 「 「 ん​な​"，尸​お​/ ,た​な​/ "ゴ​ 广​ ^ 「 门​i一​ | ^ ^ 「 「 叩​ 。 ^ ^〃ヒ​ ； メ ​ 「& ^/^ 「^ ^ ( ^ & 「 — | 门​お​卜​ ^ 「 「 叩​ ぉ​厂​^ (/"。/"お出​ ぼ​お​。 (/なお​ぬ​ゎ​ ぱ​ノ ​^ ^ ( 「 れ ​ ^ 「 口​ ひ​ 歸​訓​丁​ じ​广​ "/？ レ​お​ "す​ v 门( / / ？ ， 「 (^ ^な​ "さ ​丁 ​ ^ ^ 「 (^ ( ^ ^ 口​「 - づ​リ​「 「 ，ぼ​ の​ ザ​^ ！门​ ；门​& - 卩​ii门​ ^ v 卜​ \^ ^ づ​卜​抑​ 「 ぬ​は​ づ ​iザ​ホ​ ^ ^ 卜​ づ​ """お​ づ​ ^ 「 ^ 「 卩​ ) ザ​ 「 ^ ？ ^ づ​i卜​ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ i门​づ​ 卩​ づ​ 乂 ​ 卜​丁​卜​ ^ ( ^ れ​ 门​づ​- 「 「「 「 づ​ ^ 口​ ；ヒ​ ザ​^ 〜 づ​ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ( ^ ^ れ​ ||づ​* リ​ 「 ^ づ​む​ ^( ^ ^ ( (リ​门​ づ​|リ​ ^ ^ ^ v-^ ^ ： ザ​ ^ || ^ ^「(^^づ​リ​「 ^ 化​ ザ​「 ^ ザ​ ！" ^ ^ 卩​ 「ん​ 糾​；ホ​ ^ ^ - ザ​！ リ​「 ザ​ 「 ^ ( - づ​^ リ​ づ​： ^ ^ ^^「 ^ ^ ^i「 ^ じ​ \ 丁​ し​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^^ \ ^ ヒ​ リ​ ， ) || 「「 「 口​「 匕​ 卜​ 口 ​ づ​ ^| | ~ づ​ . i， ザ​ ^ ( ^き​ 「「 「 ( i门​ 「 づ​リ​ * ヒ​ &\ ^ リ​ 门​は​v ザ​^ ^ ^ 「 ^「 ^ v リ​ 「 i卜​ "卜​i。卜​れ​ リ​ づ​「 リ​は ​口​" 「 〜ザ​「 卬​& | ||^ ^ ： ； ； ， ( ^^ ^ ^ ^ ~ ^ ( ) 「「 「ザ​「 门​ 口​ 「 ； 门​ 「 づ​ 口 ​ 乂​ ^ ^ ^ リ​「 リ​ ザ​ ^ じ​ ^ ( ^ - ひ​ x ザ​ 卜​ 「「 「づ​リ​「；门​ ^ 门​^卩​「 ^ 卩​ 「 ゎ​ ， 丁​ゎ​ 「！^ ^ 「 ザ​ 门​ ( ( ；门​ 「「 「 づ ​ ^ 「 ^ ^ i门​ は​リ​ づ​ザ​。「 ^ ザホ​ ， 「「 「 「 づ​ 「 づ​ヒ​ れ​， ^ ^ ^ 口​「 「 巾​ ，卜​ れ​ リ​ 「，れ​ ( ( リ​口​ 门​^ ^ ^ ^ (^ ^ 「 ^ ^ '！' ( リ​ づ​リ​「i门​ ^ . 丁​ 卜​ x 卩​ ！ヒ​ ， ^ 卜​ ザザ​ ザ ​ ^ ^「(^「ョ​^！& ^ * 门​i ザ​ 「「 「 「 ^ ！が​" れ​ 「 卜​ 「 ^^ ^ v ( リ​ ^ ^ リ​ 「 — は​ ^ ザ​ 「 卜​ リ​ 「 「 ^ & ！「 ^ ^ヒ​乂​ 卜​ 门​ リ&.丁​^！ リ​ixi 「^ v 「 ザ​| ^ ^ ^ ii门​は​ ひ​ ~ (！" ； ； i卜​ づ​ リ​ 「 x 门​ ，リ​ 卩​「 「 巾​ ゎ​ ^ 「 ^ x ( づ​ ザ​ * ( ^ 口​巾​ x ^ 丁​卜​ ？ ^/ 「 ^ 〜 づ​巾​— づ​「 ( づ​ リ​ リ​ は​ ふ ​づ​「 ^ * ^ 「 ！。 ，リ​ づ​ リ​ 卜 ​ ， 「づ​ が​ヒ​ づ​i门​ . 拿​ ^ 口リ​ix卜​ づ​ ^^ x ^ ，ほ​ 〜 ^ \ づ​（：。*"*^!^^。 乂 ​ ^~ 口 ​ ザ​ ^ づ​「 ^ ^ ザ​ホ​ ^ リ​门​は​ づ​リ​「 口​「 v & 口​ 「 ゎ​ 國 ​ ^ 「 x (：卜​ ^ 〜 口​ 「 づ​ 「 - ^ ^ ( :^ ^ ザ​ ( ^ ^ ( 「 ；门​ づ​ 「 ， ( ( |； ザ​口​ 「 ， ^ かん​ ド​ ^ づ​ ，〜 「 ^ ^ ^ 卜​ ， 卜​ づ​「 「 ： . ？ 「 卬​ (^ づ​ 化​ 「 れ​ 「 ^ ^ ザ​ け​ れ​ づ​リ口 ​ づ​ づづ​ づ​ ザ​化​ ソ​^ ザ​ 口 ​ ^ 卬​ づ​. - ^^ ix .-^ 「 ^ ザ​ ( お​(iiリ​ ^ れ​ リ​ ( ^ 「- の​^！ぉ​.け​ ^ 门​"の​ 「 ザ​ ^ (^ ^ x ^ ^ # i卜​ ^ 「 〜门​，ホ​ ^ 「「 「 ^ ^ ^ # 「 じ​ 「| 乂 ​「 v^ vv ^ .け​は​^ ザ​ リ​ づ​i卜​ 「「 ^ ^ 行​ づ​ 巾​ ぉ​卩​リ​ ！ 门​ ！「 &， 什​ i阳​口​「 口​ 「^ び​ ザ​ ^ 门​ ，ザ​「 ザ​ リ​ i v ^ ^ 匕​v ^ ザ​ ^ (^ ^ |リ​ ， ii 「 ^ 「ザ​！" 卜​ 「 丫​？ ザ​の​ 卜​i门​ じ​「 , 卜​ |リ​ | 门​门​ 「 \^ 「 「 卩​「 丁​* x ザ​ ザ​ 「 ， iiii ^ 门​づ​ ^ 「 「 ^ ^ 〜 iii ^ 匕​ ^ ^ リ​「 リ ​^ ： ？ - 门 ^ ^ 肅​ ， む​'。" ^ ^ ； ？じ​ - に​^ ^ / ゴ​ / ^/ ^ ( ^/ ； - - ^# ^ 「 ^ ； ^ ^ ^ ^ x ； ^ 。 ~ ， ( ^ 〃 ひ​ / ？タ ​ひ​ョ​/"おお​/"なむ​な​. 丁​卜​ 门 | 糾​ 卜​ 鹏​i卜​ ^ 「 ^ 「 & 卜​； 「 口​ 「 ^ - ^* 「 ^ 「ほお​ ザ​ 「 ^ x 「 ^ ザ​ 口​ 「 v リ​门​；お​i门​お​リ​^づ​ * 柳​「 リ​ は​ ( ， \^ ^ ^じ​。リ​ iv： 「 . 八​!^!!^ ，一​八​ば​"!^ ゲ​。ザ​^ & ^リ​ (^ ( x &^ 矿​ 會​ * ( ( ビ​|す​ ( ) す​ ( / ) ^ ^) ^ /广​ 「 ^す​ 卞​ 卞​ & i& 「 「す​^^^ #卞^ ^ ^ ^( 「「 「 ： ! * *^ ？ | 「 き​厂​す​^ ^^ ) ゾ​ |リ​き​，, ^ ^ ( ^ ( ^ リ​ ( x ( す​ す​^ 卞​^^^，「(！ ^「 ^， # (；い​\| ？ (，"^ リ​議​ ) 矛​ - み ​v議​ す​ ) す​ \ ^ ！' ^言​ ^ 丁​れ​きす​ 卞​る​i リ​ 卞​ ザ​^ ^ ) す​ 攀​ ^ iザ​すれ​き​ す​|| ！ き​( す​ す​ | i & 「 れ​ 「 卞き广​ す​ ， ！"す​^ す​ す​ ^ 卞​ ザ​^ ！] 卞 ； 卞^ 「秦​ i爭 ​ ^きき​&す​ * ^( す​ す​ i ^ ；？ ^ ~ ^ ^ i ？ ) ，リ​门​ (^ ( ! i ( i#( 曰​ぴ​ *iii？ * 门​ ？ 门​ね​， * リ​ ( ド​ x ？ 「ひ​ す​ ？ ひ​(！すき​ ひ ​ し​， . し​ . . . . . . . . . . , . . * . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . * . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . * . . . . * . . . |# , . . . . ； . . ん​， 乃 ​ . . . い ​ . . . . . . / ？ ^ ^ ^^ ( / 「 & ザ​^ * ^ 卞​ ^ * ，！ す​ 書​卞​ ， ^^ ^ '！( ^ ^ ) ^ ゲ​ ( す​ リ​iきす​ ^ ^ ( ^( ^「 ^ ， & ゆ​），\|百​ぃ​ 冊​さ​） 嘛​ ザ​ 卞​ すき​づ​^^「こ​賴​卞​ 毒 ​，塵​ す​， す​ ^ ^「 * ^* ^ ， i 抑​。…. ，… ^ - ^ & ^ 墨 ​ ^ ， ぁ​&か ​ ひ​ ひ ​ i i *^ ぬ​ 墨 ​墨​一 ​ iii -^ * 墨​i 一 ​i i *^ 一 ​一 ​i一 ​琴​~ ~ i 一 ​i i冊​i -^ ^ 一 ​i i i i 一 ​一 ​i ^ & . 冊​一​ 響​i醫 ​ 一​一 ​|||| 一​一 ​ 一 ​ii 一​一 ​ - 丁 ) り​. ^x ^ ？ ， 门​ョ​ x リ​^ ^ ^！!^!^： 幽 ​ ^ ^ ね ​ ^ ^ * ^ . 新​—. ^一​. 加​ . 〜 ー ​i ^ ー ​ 加​ - . 丁​〜 - . ぱ​ . ，…響 ​ ^ . -… ^ . ―― * . ―一​. ^ . ^ ― ， . ？ ， ^ . ？一 ​ ^ . ？… . ―i \ . 一 ​會​ . - 加​ . ――― 加​ . ……― 加​ - . ^ …一 ​ ――――――― ……―^一​一 ​ 墨 ​ 墨 ​加 ​ ^ . ， ま​ . 一 ​〖 -墨​― — — iv &i ^ ^ i^ ^ ^ | ^― お​ . ―……――――― 丁​吻​ は​ ― 加​ . 一 ​ ^ . ― ^ ^ . ， 加​ . ， 丁​加​ . ― ま​ 墨​… 丫​加​ . ， ^ . - ^ . ― x . 響 ​ ^ . ― 加​ . ~ ^ . 一 ​ 加​ . ― ^ . ， ^ . - ^ . ― ^ . - ^ . 個 ​ ( ^ . 響 ​i . ， 见 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ / ^ ^^^ ^ ^^ .^ ^ ^ ぶま​综​ぉ​洁​桀​^^如​お​^笾​ ^^^|装​ ：ま​造​：^忍​斑​^ ^^^^^^ )^ ^ : ^'お​" ^ ^ -^^ ^.^^- -^^ ^ "お​^^i鼓​| ぱ​畑​^^ ^ ^ 眾​ぉ​||盈​忍​^^^お​^^i ^ つ​i i i -^ ^ ん​ ^ ^ ひ​ ^ ^ ^ ~ ^ i ^^ ^ . 墨​. ~ ^ i 墨​ 醫​i 墨​ i な​ ^ ん ​ ん ​， ん​ | i i つ ​ ^ ^ ム​ん ​ . ！/^.^ . ん​ん​ん​ 乃 ​い​.^&ん​? れ​^"ぬ​ が​ お​^ ぬ​ ぬ​" 'お​"が​ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ 冊​ . 冊​ *. . . . . 墨​& 醫​ 醫​ . ^ ~ ^ ^ & & . ひ​^ - "！! ^ "畑​.， ^ (！リ​ リ​ 丁(^ ^ ^) 门​(！は​ .-^ ^ ^ ( ！ * ( ^ ！^ ^ 丁​ ぽ​ 「 ( 剛​, .しほ​ ^ り​リ​ | 卩​ "，ホ​ ^ ト​ 卩​ 卩 ​ ^ リ​ぬ​ 〜 ^ 卜​ 「 丁​^ リ​「 卩​ ( ( ^ 「 ^ 「 「 リ​卩​ ^ 卩​ 「 〜，|| iト​ ザ​ 巧​ ^\^\ iれ​ ザ​ ^ ^ ) ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ホ​ほ​^ ^ ( 「 「 れ​ づ​，け​ ^ ^ ( 「 ~ 「「 は​ れ​ iお​ ^ ^ | x れ​ 《！^! ^^ 乂 ​ ( ( ^ ^ ^ ( 「\^ ii i 「 爪​ 「， ) 「づ​ し​ 「卩​ づ​抓​卩​^丫​".ド​「；门​ お​ ！ i卜​ ( 「 ^ づ​ ( ヒ​ii 乂​， ^ )^ ？ ^^ & リ​ぉ​^ ^^ ^i(iii^. 之​.^ ^ 卜​ ^れ​ ^ ^ 卩​ 「 「 ( * 卩​ ！ . 八​ ^ ^； ( 矿​ ^ づ​ ( づ​ ) ( ，お​卩​ ( ^ ( ( / 廳​に​只​ は​「 i：が​ 「 「# 「づ​i \^\^ ( ^ ^ ^ ( 卜​ | づ​ ( の​が​！^づ​ ！)"， ) 龜​「(！*に ​ ， ザ​iii i ぼ​i寒​， ，仂​ iv ， ^ 卩​ ひ​ 门​. 碌​.卩​iii ！^ ^ ^ 卜​ ^ ^は​卜​^ ^ ホ​ 卩​ ひ​ ^ ( が​は​ i！ v。リ​ ； め​， ^ ( (^！！^れ​"") 「 「ね​に​ほ​， ) ii！" 卩​「 ( ^ 巾​ ザ​ホ​ ^ |！| (^ ^ に​ ^( 「 リ​卩​. . | 「 ヒ​ほ​i卜​づ​ 丫 ​ i卜​ ^ 卩​「 仏​づ​ づね​が​訂​ で​"ザ​ 「 ^^^： ^ ！め​'八​ほ​ が​ 「〜 门​ 卜​ づ​丫​ 「 ザ​ ) け卜​， ^ ！iiiま​咖​ 卩​卩​「 卩​「 ^ | 「 「 ^x ！ ^ 巾​- ) ) ) れ​ ， ホ​ x )^ 卩​ 的​ ( ， \ 「 「声​「 ザ​ ) ^ ！ ^ ^ | ^ 乂​ 「 x . ， ii ^ 卩​ な​ 、 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^]i( ( ) ~ 将​「 ひ​^(！. .^ ^ ^ ほ​ ^ / x ) 「ゅ​ 「ii ^ 卩​ 「 iき​""お​ ほ​ に​ /ョ​^は​贫​ひ​れ​は​卜​ ザ​ホ​ ^ ( ^^^ ぉ​ ほ​，貼​ x^ ， ^ 「 ね​ 〜 化​. ^ 「^ x ( 门​ ひ​) * リ​！ ^ づ​ i卜​ ^ 「 リ​卩​，^ ( ， 「 ( ^ ^ ^ 卩​ 「 门​ /卩​ 「 门​ 卩​ 「 「 ^ ^ 「 ^ . ^ ^ き​" ！「 ( 「 ( ( 《 | ， | 纖​ゆ ​れ​ ( 。 ， 「^ 「 ^ ^ 糊​"" ( ( ( ( ザ​ 「 ( 「 ^ 「 ( 卜​ しん​ゅ​ ^ 「^ "ま ​%^\ | ^^ 「^ ^ほ​^^！^(^^ ( (^ ( ( 卩​「|| 「 丫​廿​丫​ ！ ， ^^ ， 「「 ( 〜 「 ( 「iii ^ 「 . ト​^ な​ 「 お​的​ 「 ( ^ ^れ​ ii ホ​ ) ^ ^ ( ザ​れ​ほ​卜​ii ii ^ ) x ト​ ， ^^は ​ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ 「 づ​， ^ 「 : ( ^ ^ 「 ^ ( ^ ！ ^ ( 「 卩​ 「 づ​ ( ^^ ( 「^ ：( ！^ ^ ( ^ ^^ ^ 卜​ ^ け​ 脚​れ​ ホ​ 「 ( ^ 卩​「 「 の​ ザ​ 「 リ​ 〜 ^ 「^^(^「讽​け​錄​ , め​ ^ ザ​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ii ^ ^ ( ^ ( 「「 卩​ づ​ 「 ^ ， ^ ^ ^ ^ ！ ^^ 时​" れ​*！^ づ​「 「づ​| な​ ザ​卜​ れ​ は​！ ^ ！ホ​ 「 ， ？ ^ ！ \^ ) ( ( れ​乂 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^/ ( 卜​も​れ​^ ^ ^ め​ ^ ^ ( / 丫 ​ ( & (^^ ^ ^， & ^ ！ 「 お​" 的​ 卩​巾​ が​| 印​)は​ ( れ​ ( ，め​ リ​ ( 棚 ​ ^ ^( ザ​ /れ​ ^ 「 づ​ . ^ 「 ( ^ ( ほ​ ^ ( (！)に​ゲ​敏​囊​「) ^け​ ^ 卩​ 「！ ^ ( iト​ 。一 ​ 「 づ​ 「 「 ^ ( ^ i门​ ) ( ^ 「け​ ^ ^ ^(！ ( ) ( ^卩​ お​ ゅ​ が​ゆ​ ^ ^ ^ "れ​. ^ * ？ ^叫​は​了​瞻​ 丁​れ​ ^ ^ ほ​ ^ ^ ^/ "さ​"な​ ( ^ x 「^ (^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 乂​ 「 ^ ) 。 " ( ( ( ( ^ ( x ^ ii 丫​ リ​謂れ​ れ​「 リ​ ^ ^ || ！ ^ 加​" 丫​ 「 ^ ， （；！^！^針​^ v。リ​ 时​ ^ 挑​ 「时​ ii ^ \ ^ ii ^ 丫​ii， ^ ) 翁​「| | ii x ! ^ リ​ i门​ホ​ x ； ( ^ ほ​ ^ 巾​ 「 管​乂​ 「( ^ れ​ づ​， ) ( ！ .ぬ​ほ​ ^ ^ ( ii ^ ) ザ​ ^ リ​ ^ ^ リ​ ^ \ \ | ^ ：|| 丫​ 「 ^ (！リ​ は​ ひ​. . ^ ^ ( 「 の​i ( ザ​ 「(^「(^鹏​，& ^ ^： 「 巾​ ， ^ 门​ 「 ， ( ^ ^ね​， 『 咖​,^ ) 「 ^ わ​ ( 「 加​i， ^ ^「 ， ^ ^ ^ ( は​卜​ ^ ， ( 卩​ 「^ ii巾​ ( ， ( ^ 「 巾​i， 「 が​ れ​ ^ | ^ ^ ( x ^ ^ 「 れ​ 「 ) ^ザ​ 「 . ^ 「 け​iト​ ^ け​析​ 「 ^ ( ^ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ * ^^ ^ほ​ 加​れ​に​ ^ 「 け​ ^ リ​ け​ ひ​ ^ ( ( ^ ( | ！^*)^. v詹​ほ​ ) ( ザ​ 「 ^ ii 丫 ​!！！り​！^丫​「 が​ほ​卩​き​ 怖​ 丫 ​ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ ) ) ザ​ソ​ 「卜​叫​俯​ひ​ほ​， ( ^ ( ^^"^ ザ​ ^ザ​ 「奴​^！！が​會​， 卩​ ひ​ ， ( ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 卩​ 卩​「^ ( づ​ 「 ^ ^ ^/ ^ 「 ^ 「 ^ ^ ( ^ ( ^ | は​ 「 「 「 は​れ​に​ ( x ^ ザ​ 「 〜^： リ​ ， ^ぐ​ ゴ​ 爪​か​か​仿​： ^ ^ ^ ト​ ^ ^ 「れ​ づ​~， 只​ 「 ^^ ( ^ (^^^， x ^ ^ 霧​^, ^ ^ v ^ ^ ほ​， .. 「 | ^ ^ 丄​丁​ト​ ) ^ ( ^ リ​れ​乂 ​ ！^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * リ​*)は​. ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ^)^ ^ ii ( ^ ^ ^ ( 什​ の​ ^ "れ​ ， 管​ 「 x — ， 「 れ​ 「 「ヒ​ 「め​ 卩​. ^ ^ ( ^ ^ iii ^ ^ 「 ^ 「 | 「 ザ​vほ​& ( ^卩​iわ​ ^ リ​ リ​ ^ 卜​ リ​ ， ！^ ( は​ii ， ( xiv め​眷​「 ^ ( 「 れ​ ( (^。卩​ 〜.け​^ ^ i！ ^ * x ^ ( 「詹​门​言​れ​， ^ は​^ ^ : ( ^ ザ​^ ^ ホ​ - 厶​ ^门​(！は​ .-^ ザ​ ^ ^ 门​i i门​ 「 わ​ ( リ​ viii ！「 ？ ^ ^ 「 ^ ^ 霸​.け​i卜​ 卩​ ひ​ ( ^ 卩​ 丫​ ， ^ は ​ 卩​「 れ​i 「 ほ​纖​| ， ) ^お​iiお​""， ^ ： し​ ひ​， 冊​" "^ ^ 卩 ​ ( ^ 化​「 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ( が ^ 「x^(^(^「乂 ​^ ゅ​ に ​ ，塞​，し​ ^ ) ^ 「 ( ！ ^ 脚​ 「に ​ . れ​ 「丫 ​^ ^ ^ ^ i卜​ 卩​ ひ​ 〜# 「に​ に​ ^化​「 卜​ ( に ​& iiれ​ ト​ リ​ひ​^ ^ ( ^ "ま​效​ぱ​ョ​！^〜,―ホ​ * ！れ​ ( ひ​ ( ^ ^ ^ ( ( の​ ^ ^| . ^ ^ vv i( ^ ホ​ 卩​^((^ \ \ ， ) 丫 ​ ^ ( ^ ザ​ 「 ^。「！^ 「 ほ​ゲ​ 付​^ | ヒ​し​ ^〜な​, ^ 「れ​ 「 「卩​「 ， | )^ ( ( ； ^ ^ ( け卜​ 「 卩​ 「 ひ​ 「 ( ^ ゲ​ 付​. .り​iiホ​ 丫​ 「vi， 「 ？ 「 卩​ 「 ( は​「お​ 卩​卩​「 卩​*^ ( リ​ ii む​。巾​ 丫 ​ ( x ^ 「 ^ ( | ^ ^れ​。""' ^ ( ^ な​， ^ \ ^ 化​ ，ホ​ ^卩​「 卩​「； 「 ザ​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ； 比​ 所​ ： ， 「 ) ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ザ​ 「 〜 卩​ 。 ( ^ 管​ 「ホ​ 卜​ 「卩​ ( ， ( 由​ め​ 「卩​ ひ​ ^ ( ( ザ​^ 纖​. ( ^ 卩​ 乂​， ^ ( ( 「 リ​^ の​ 门​iザ​ 「 ( ^^ ( 卩​ ソ​"！ ( ^ひ​ 「 x ！)^,『(^(！, ( ^ ^ ) ^ ^ザ​ 「柳​ほ​^ (^\ ). ( ^ ^ ||^ ^ ^ x "卩​^ !!*!)む​ ^ ^ ^！^^. i！ & x 丫​，脚​「は​ "し​ひ​お​" ) * ^ 帆 ​に​ ( ！ ^ x 「 (：が​卩​^ ： 卩​ 「 ゎ​( 欲​卩​ )汀​ ザ​ 「巾​.け​ザ​ 「 : ！ 门​ 丫​， ^ は ​"し​。！!" ^ ( . . ^ ( ： ^ ( ^( ^ ^ ( は( iれ​ 卩​ ひ​ 、 x (責​ 「 x の​卩 ​ ，什​ 巾​^ ( れ​。(^ ^ 「 ^^ 「 v め​ ， ^ ( ( む​ 巾​「 卩​「 卩​时​丫​. 瞻​. ( ^ 「 リ​「 ( * ) ^^ ( ^ ^ ( . ( ) i^(( ^ 「脚​ け​ 印​卩​ 丫​爪​抓​な​「 (^^ ( ザ​「 爪​ド​ ^ ^ に ​ ( ^ 「 . ( 卩​「レ​ ！ 押​ け​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ， ( ^( ^ 「「 ^ほ​「卩​ ソ​巾​ ， & ^ ^ 「 ^ ( x 「 わ​「 ， 「 ^^ ( ^ ^ ( ； ^ v^ ザ​iは​；&(^！^*^ ^ ) x ； ^ ( 「 x ( ( ； ^ ^ 樹​ け​ 「 卩​ 乂​巾​ ；「的​ 「 ひ​；リ​i！ ザ​「 ^ ^ ゆ ​ ^ ^ ^ ( ； ^( iii ) ) 〜 乂​の​ は​^ ^ ( ザ​「 ホ​ ザ ​卩​「 ^) v ^ ！ 山​：)，！ お​「 ^ ^山​れ​「 ほ​加​", . ，け​ ( ^「 ^ ( ^ ，ザ​iii ^ ^ 「リ​ け​ ( ^ ，れ​「は​ "し​ひ​お​" )^ - ^(^^(！^ ，一​「 ザ​ 口​ ^ れ​ * ^ x &^： ^ ？ リ​ お​ョ​ ^ 于​iii リ​ 行​ じ​ 门​ リ​ ド​ 「 ^隱​ ！ ^ 。。 ^ じ​ リ​ 乂 ​丁​リ​ ^ム​ 「！ ， ii 一​, * "〜^お​^ ^ ^ な​ 八​ ^ し ​丫​ 「 )^ 「 「 门​ザ​iづ​ 门​ぉ​ 乂 ​ ^ ^ リ​ 〜口 ​ 乂​ 「 リ​お​ ！ づ​ズ​ 「 ^^& ^ き​ 「 门​乂 ​^ ^ 乂​ リ​「 ^ ^ 门​iv れ​ 「 乂​ 「 づ​ 乂​。"' ^ ( ^ れ​， ，， ^ 「 ソ​ 「 〜 「 ^ ^ 丁​^ ^ 「 リ​ 「 ^ v。リ​ 〜 「 ^ ( ^ ザ​v。じ​に ​ ( ^ ( ？ 『 | 「 门​ づ​ & ^ ^ (ド​ 「 ^ * - ^ ( 的​ほ。！！ミ​)： ~ リ​ 丁​ ビ​ 八​リリ​じ​リ​ 丁 ​八​ ixし​ ^ 八​!^ し ​ ( ) ^ . 「 み​ ^ (^ づ​ ^^^ . 卩​「 ザ​ 「 巾​ 「 リ​ &| |^ v ^ ^ ^ (：リ​ 门​ 「 「 「「 「 リ​ & ^ 焱​ ( 什​。"^ ^ # 。ザ​ ) ，，， ^リ​霧​iザ​ 巾​ ^ 言​ ！*^. i暴​(^ ^ ^ ザ​ ^ ^ ^ 暴 ^ ^ ^ ~ ^ ^ ^ ^ ザ​i& ^ ^ ( ^\ ザ​ 「暴​^ リ​ わ​ リ​ ^ ^^ ^^\^% ^ v^「霧​^ v^秦​ii リ​「 ( ( 言​ ^ 〜^！ ^お ​^^ ^^ ^ ^ #に​^「 & ^ ( ( ( ^ * 拿​霧​ ^ ^ひ​ 柳​" ！^^. ^ ( 書​「卜​ * i暴​ ( ^^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ゅ​ひ​「扇​ひ​.^ 「 ^ x 〜は ​一​ 「 ^「リ​ ， 一 ​ 〜 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 暴 「 「^ き​ほ​ ^ ソ​则​ き​爪​. 丫​ リ​「暴​ ，\^ 「 ， ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ザ​に​。" ^ ^ \ ^ ^ 口​「 ^。 ^ "。"「き​ ^ ^ ^ ^ 廳​^! ^^ 「 | ， ^ 霧​. * & ( ね​づ​！！霧​寬​ひ​. 戸​ (^( に​ 暴​ 暴​i ^「 ) ( 「 ^き​ ^ ！^" "。"に​"ま​ 秦​" ， ^^ ^ ^( ^卜​ ^ 「^ ^リ​i疆​れ​ ( ^ リ​ め​ ^ 暴​ ね​か​ 伤​ 難​销​ * 闬​ 「き​ ^ ^^〜は​^ づ​〜 ，^ ^ 暴​ ^ ^^ ^ ^^( 廳​ザ​ 「暴​ ？ v ^i^が​"^れ​出​^ ^ ひ​ "き​ザ​ ^^ ^ ^ ！暑​忪​.iザ​^ ii ^ ^ ^\^ ^ ( i ^ v^ i^ ^^ 廳​ 攀​ 霧​!^ ^ ^ ！ vi，は​ゲ​ 仏 ​了​"" ？。" ^ v v「 ^) "實​ . ^ ^ ！ ， ^ ^ リ​「 リ​ ^ ^ ^ 『 「巾​ - 卩​ 矿​"^ 「 ゾ​ ^ ^ ' レ​ 〜 ザ​iii 丫​ 『 ^ 『| #^， リ​ x ^^( ^ ^ ^ ^ ( 丁​ん​ リ​ づ​ ^ ( 卜​ 口​ 乂 ​ 「 の​ 乂​ リ​ v卜​ ^ ， け​v。リ​ ( の​ 「 卜​ 口​， ^ ^ ！！| 丁​^ ( ^ 门​リ​の​& 「 * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ， ^ づづ​「 ^ ^ ^ ソ​ 「 リ​" ひ​^ ^ 「化​ ( れ ​。 ひ​i 匕​ 「 じ​ ^ ゆ​ 「 ホ​ 「ゅ​附​. ド​"i で​" 帥​ 〜，iほ​ ^ ： # ^^ v 〜「は​ ^ ^ ^ 「辨​「は​ = . 一 ​^ ( ^ ^ ^ 「& 「 口​「 ゾ​ づ​ づ​ザ​ 「 乂​ 「ソ​ れ​ お​". ^ ， ^ じ​ づ​ iザ​ 「 の​ 「 「 ^ ^ ^ & ^ (( づ​ ^ ^ 〜 v。リ​ ^ ^ ^^ | ザ​ 「 ^ ^ ^. ^ ^ 「 ^ リ​ わ​ ^ ^ 「 リ​ ^ら​. ^ ジ​ 「 门​ 〜 卜​ 门​づ​ .\ 口​ 「 ザ​口​ 《 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ 卜​ リミ​^ゎ​ひ​，づ​. じ​^^に​^ゲ​ じ​「 〜 「 ， 丁​^ 门​^ 乂​ リ​「 ^ ^ づ​ 口​^ 门​ じ​〜 「 "暴き​i ^ ^ ， 「の​ iリ​ づ​ 乂​，八​ 门​ ， 「 ( 「^ ^( v。リ​ リ​ ？^ ^ v i ( ； ^口 ​ ( ( ド​ ^暴​ 「！ ソ​ ^ ^ リ​ ) ( ^ 门​ . ！ ？ ^ ^ ^ ^ ||\^ ^ 「 ， な​リ​ゅ​^ ^ ゎ​ ひ​ ，^ ^ ^ ^ 「 ^し​ ^ 「 「 「づ​ 「 〜，门​ ^ ^ リ​づ​ 门​ほ​^ ほ​vお​「 ゅ​； ( ( . )^ 门​け​ ^ げ​ ^ ( ^ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ リ​ リ​ レ​ ^ ^ 「 リ​ 「 巾​ 「 り​!v ^ v || ^ (：ゎ​| づ​「 门​ 「ゅ​ ^^ ) ^ ^ # ？ ^ ^ ( ^ ^ ほ​ ^ 「 ^ )^ ほ​v ^ ^ ^ ^ vv i( ^ ^^ 〜^疆​ ( 秦​ * ) * ^ * 窗​^ 齊​機​霧​ ^) ^ リ​#霧​ 暴​v， ^^ # . 『脚​ト​ 脚​纖​霧 ​霧​，暴​^り​ v vほれ​: ^『秦​ 纏​ ) ^ ) * ^ し​は​i リ​ 口​ 「 门​ ^ vザ​「 の​ゎ​ 「 * ^^ ^ 「 ^ ， リ​づ​ ^ ( vミ ​ ^ ^ ( ^| ^ ^ . #^ v 「 ^^ リ​ リ​ リ​丫 ​ ほ​が​ ^ ^ ^ 《 卜​ 〜 に​^ ( ^^ #^ v 口​ 「 门​ \^ 乂 ​^ ^ ^ ^ ，门​ ( ( & ^ ^ ザ​ 「 ^) づ​ 「 门​ ^ は​ ，八​^ ^ 「 ^^ 「〜 山​ ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ じ​ ^ ^ ^ 「 ^ iザ​^ ^ 「 ^ ^ の​口​ 「 「| 乂 ​ づ​^ ^ ^ ： ， ^「 * リ​ 口​ ^ 「 リ​ ^ ^ ( # ^ づか​ ザ​v^リ​「リ​ リ​ ^ 口​ ， /^^(！^ ^ & ザ​^ ^ ^ i门​れ​「 お​ x ^ ^ ^ )^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ 出​一​出​ ^ ^ / //？ ^ / ^ . ^ . ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ * 康​, ^ ( ^ * ^ ^ / ^ vお​^ * ^ ^ ^ ―お​ 附​"ダ​""お​!^ ^ ^，優​ ^ ^ ^ ね​"^^^ ^ "秦​^ ^ )^ ) / 丫​ー​一 ​ ^^^ か​^ ^ ^# 敏​ ^ ^翁​ / & * * ^ ivお​, * ^/ &/^ 丫​" 一​ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^お​ / ^ ^ 严​".か​！^" / *^ ^か​^^冊 ​ 丫​"隱 ​ 丫​ . ， ^ ( ほ​ ^ v一 ​ ^ ^^ ^ ^ *^ ( /曲​！ ^ ^/ ^ & /( * ^ ！ ^^ * ^ i 一 ​ ^ ^ ^ | | ^ ( ) ^* ^ ^一​— x 仁​丫​" * ii一 ​；：： #！ | ； \ ヌ​—」 細​.一​れ ​ - . |藝 ​ i ； ！ ！ & ， ^ ^ v[)^ ^ ぉ​')^/"；&^^！)^) れ​化​ ^^i^ ^ix) ^ ^ ^ 丫​线​ゆ​"お​ ^ ， ( "比​ | 丫​阵​^i ^!^,ゆ​"卜​'^*^!^ 丫​线​ii| ^(^, ^ ^ ^^* x ( ^ ^ x^ ^ ^ 寒​!^ ！ ^ ゆ​ ^^ ^^^ ^ ― ^ (^^/^声​)翻 ​ ^ ^ ( ( ^ viii お​/ ^ ^ ^ x ( ^め ​'簿​) i ！ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ [！^.細​ ？ *^ * * — * ^ iv *^ ま​？ (^—^^^ *^ ^ * * ^ ？ き​^ ^ ( ？ 降​舉 ​ xxi "， 霊 ​i i ( | | ( | | ( ( ららら ​？?? i i i x ら​ららら ​？ ？ ？ ？ . ^ ( ^ ^||^ ， | "ま ​は​ ) お​一 ​は​^れ ​ ^ * ^ —お ​& ^( * * ^ *^ ) 画 ​ ( v ！^)^, ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ 丫​ 險 ​ * * ) ( ^ ゆ​ ^ ゆ​ (！^)'^ ゆ​| ^ | ^ ) ^(^ . 漏​^^ . ^バ ​ i i i ^ 午​午 ​ ら ​？ ？ ？ v ^ ^ * ^* 醒 ​ v^^, & * ^/^ * ) 一​ /^ な​ * v v ) /^ ― き​ ，& ( ^ ^ ^/ ( ほ​. ^ ( ！!^'^ ^ / ^ ( 她​ ^* ^が​^iお​醫 ​| 秦​* ^ ^ ^ほ​ ^ 画 ​# ^^ x * 秦​為​^ ^ ^ (^* * ^！)^ ^ * . . ( , ^ . , ( , ^ ( , . ( , . . . . ^ , , . . . . & 画 ​ . ) , . * . . , . . . . . ね​ . . ね​ , , , , ね​" . , , . . . ね​ . . ^ x ^ | | | | | | | | ( ( | | ^ ^ 埘​ト​^ ) 「^^ ^ ) ) ( ^* * ^ ( v *^ ^) ' ^ ^ (！!!^^!^! | ^ v *^ ^ v ^ 窗​肚​v i | 。！/^(^ v *^ ^, * v * ^ ^ ^ ( び​ ^ * ^ ( &ほ​暴​（！^&^！^^！^ぉ ​ ^ #^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 一 ​ ^ ^ | ^ * ^？ ^ ^ ^ ^ *^ ^ ^^ ^ 「 ^ | ^^ ^^ 画​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^】 - ^ ) ix .-^ 。， ^ x は​i门​れ​ * (^ x x ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ひ​お​ ^ xi霧​.^ ^ 寶​" ( ！" ！ | ^^ ？ ^ *^ ^ 晰​ ^ 参​ * ^ ^ ^ ， v ^ # **^^^ v ね​ 画 ​ . ^* (！"れ​| * ^ ( ) ま ​ ^ ( ( v x お ​ . || ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ | ！!!!^? ^ & ^/ )^ 臂​. ^ ^ 甲​，v ^ ^け​おけ​, ， す​"画 ​ ら​ららら ​ ^ 午​午​午​午 ​ ^ 参​"れ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^ * ， ^ * ！/!^ . ^む​".i(^^ ^^ ^, * ( ま​. | x ( iii^ v ^ お ​ v一 ​漏​ * ^ * ( ^ ( お​^ ( ||^？ ^ ) (^ (^^(*ixx)^i ^ ^^ ^ 午​午​午​午 ​ / ^ / v ^ * ^ 浓​., * が​ * ^ ^ ^ ^ (^ v ^ ^"ゆ​^ (！^^" ^ ^ ゑ​"她​"ね​ ""お ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ * 。為​ ^ ^お​ ね​ ！^ぉ ​ ^ iv 為​！)!^^ね​ ね​ (^ね ​ ^が​^^()^ iv v ^ ね​巾​き​^ 梟​ ) ^ ^ vi, ^ ^ ^ (！/^)将​ 抽 ​ ^ v *^ ^ ( ^ば​は​^赠​メ ​^ ^ ^神​""^^ ， — ^ //； x ^ 丫​" ^ ^ 脉​ ^一 ​ 纏​（：れ​v ^^^^ , ^ ^ ^ね​ ^ ^ ？一 ​"ゆ​ ^ i x ^ ^ ？ ， ^ * ？ ix * ？ i ^* ！^^, . ^ * * * * * * * ^ ^ ^ * ( ^ (び​^ 》 ^ ね​ . ( . ) 議​ ( . ^ ^ ^ x ( ，"晌​^ ^ ^^ 'に​, 'ま​幽​ ^ ^？ ^ ぉ​^^ ^ * ？ ^ ^ ^抑​〜,^ ^， |^ ，瓶​)？ ほ​ ^ ^ ^ * * 暴​ x ) ^ 〜 ^ ^な​/^^v "お​ク​, ^/！!^ & * ^ v ^ ，^！ * ( 窗​が​^ ，ぉ​「 ^「^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( 《 ^ *^* ^ ^ ^ ) ^ * ( ' ^ リ​ &《お​^ 吻​ ^ x ^^ "， ^ ^ * * ^ 丫​"， ^ ^ ^( )^ 丫​れ​ ^^^！!* ^ 丫​"， v x^ ^ ^ * ( ^ ， * * * 暴​"(！ ^ ？ )^お​^ * * 画 ​ ^！((!)')^*^ (^ * ^ . ^ * ず​ - * ひ​| # ^ ^ * 脚​ ^ 滅 ​ ^ ^^v & 暴​. ) * ほ​ * * ^ * ( ) ( 一​辨 ​― ― ^拟​^(^！^ ^： ( , x び ​^ * ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^画 ​ * ^ ^ な​# ^ * * ( * 「 ^ ^ ： ^ (^ ( ^ ( 一​辨 ​ &: ( ^加​ぃ​び ​ ^ * . ^ ， ^謹 ​ ら​？ ら​？ i ^ ^ i ^ 一​午​ ら​ 一 ​ &? 一 ​ ^' ^ ら​？ 一 ​ ビ​ + ら​ &? ^ 一 ​ ^ &? ii】 ョ​び ​ ョ​一​！ ：ー​… ぉ​ 】 『 — 八​ロロ​ &x .-^ & : ザ​ ^ x ^ ( リ​ れ​： 门​ ：矿​ ？ ^ 請​ ^ . ^ * ( ^ | ^ ^ ^* ？ ^ ^ x^ ( ""/ぬ​ ^ * ^ ^ 、お​ ^ ^ 'お​^ x^ ^ *^ // * 城​，* ^ 「 ザ​が​ ゆ​。 ""(ひ​;v ？ ^ "な​ ，。！/^！, ： . iiめ​/! * / ？ i 。 ！奶​ゆ​^ *#ii #一 ​||出​ほ​ ^ i ！^！！！は​*ほ​ ^ * * # ^ は​ * ？ 丫​ &, ^ ( ^ ( "。， ( 隱​ *^ り​「 づ​ 八​ 「に​ 门​^ ^ ^ . ^ * ) ^ * リ​ は​ ^ は​ * ，"ダ​？ ( ( | ； ね​ ii ^ ？ ^ ( ( ii 一​ 丫​ リ​ ， ^ & ) ( ^^ ( ^ 一 ​ . ^ * ほ​iト​ほ​ * * ？ "脚​ * ほ​^ ^ |^，れ​？ リ​"^ ^ * 國 ​ .齊​^ ，ほ​ * ^^ %^^%%v| ば​""饰​," x ^ ： [—胁​,「"^， ^ #！, ^/^！^), ""^^ゆ​,ひ​ゆ​,/"/お​，ノ ​ ^/細​，"お​^iv， "^^！,〜/か​，ひれ​/"/^,レ​卵​,"""，怖​., . ) ( / ^ ^ * ^ ^ ^ // ^ . ^ ^^* * vほ​ ？ - ^ 財​れ​^ マ​",^ ^ ^ ― ^ ； ^ | 。^ ^ ！ x^ 厂​. .は​ ) ^ * ，！ ， は​） ( ^：…— 一​一​———^ ——…一​一 ​卩​） ^， ：――――…―—一​…— 《 》 * ^(^^！^,"(れ​り​"！ ^ ^ / 丁​ぽ​ / ^ ^ き ​ . 一​"ホ​"^ ？ ^ ) ^ ^ 一 ​^ / "め​^^ * ^ - ( ^ v * ^ ― . ^ (れ​"^^ ； ^ ^ ほ​ * ^ - 丫​ ^ 丫 ​ ^ な​寶​ ^は​ | 「 丫 ​ &,^ (^ ^ 丫​ ， ^ ) ^ ^ *「巾​ ( ド​ x iお​リ​ ||| ？ 丫​" ^ — / ゆ​ ！). ^ * ^ ^ ( * * ^ ― リ​れ​ v 「 ^ ( ^ "申​， - ^* 》 ド​ ^き​ひ​ —」"iダ​ ^ x ^ ^ り​"" -/ ^ ) ^ ii ^ ^ ^ -陶​， 》 國​ 神​ 辨​vi ^/^〃タ​/ -/^ ^ ^は​/め ​ ^ お ​ ^ ！)" (^ほ​ ^* ^ * ^ ， ， "脚​ — — ？ 丫​ & — ^ 〃 ^ ^ ^ながめ​/! ^ — ^ ^ ^ 國​ ^ v ゴ​" ^ ^， 《 ) / /^^/^ ^ゴ​" ^ * x お​ ^ ひ​, ^ * *^ ^ ！^!?//グ​^(^//^ v ^ ？， #~ ^ ！" ^^ * ^ ", ^ おか ​/"れ​^ ^厂​ ^* ^ゾ ​ *^ . ^ 糊​ ，ゎ​ ！" ^ ) ほ​ ^ ^ ^ ** ^^―^ ((！裏​"^ ^) &# ^ "グ​ *^ 汗​;ま​ ^ * / * ^ x ^ * ^ ^ ^^ i ， ^ ョ​"れ​ほ​|^ ^* ^ ^ ^^ . ^ ^^ (^^^^！/^(― ^ (^/^ な​ 身​/ ？， / ^ ^ ^"れ​ ^ . ^% ！!)ほ​ * ^ ^ ** i ^^ * に​ ^ ^ ( ^ ( ^ ト​ ，ほ​" ( 看​" ^ ^ 一​一​， i ( ( 一 ​ * ( * * * i ^ . ^ ^ほ​^ ^ | | ^ ，が​ま​& ^^ / 一 ​^ * ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^ お​" ？ / / ^^* ^ ， ^ ^^ vぬ​^vi咖​化​ ^ ^ v .が​^な​ *^ ^ ^ ^ &^ ^^ 一 ​，"(霧​ ほ​ )^* * ^「！^ ! ^ * * * 小 ​ *^* ？ ^ 矿 ^ 矿 ​抑​ポ​"翁​？ ^百​…~(？^ —饬​)(〜 ^ 丫​" || ) * * ^ ( ^ ^出​-が​が​ぉ​れ​《 * * 丫​" れ​iiiii^i ^(x ^^(^() ^ . リ​iiか ​i * ， i ， * ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^) ， ^ ^ ! ^ ""ゆ​ * — — ^ ば​め​な​^ * ^ ^ # # x^ ^ ^！!^/ / ^ ダ​おお​^ ： ^ x * 了 ​ 薩 ​ ^ v， * ^ v ，^ ^ ^ ( ( ^ ^ ^ x ^ ^ ii ^ &^ ^ v i^ ^| (] ^ 一 ​ば​頃​, ^ ^ ^ ^ * ？お​ ， . 隱 ​ i i i i i i 午 ​午 ​ 午​午 ​午 ​ ら ​ら ​らら ​らら ​？ ？ ？ ？ ？ ？ ら​ ^- ，|^ 、\ i一 ​'午​ ら​ 一​午​ &- - ^^(！^ .-^ ^ ザ​ お​(^。(！。'^ ^ ： ( - ^ ^ ^ | * ^ — . ！^は​ *^* * ^ ― ( ^ ) ― ^ ^ * ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^： ( ( ⑩^ * iii咏​秦​"に​\^ ^ iii i * ？ 薩​ お​ ^^ "'"や​ お​.^^^ ^ 一 ​ ，寶​x出​ほ​^ ) * * ^ *^ ^ 暴​| ) * * — — ？ 丫​银​" 丫​ ^ ^ (i i , ^x は​^ (！)&败​. ^ 广​ 丫​" ^ - *^ わ​.^ i|i() | * & | * — ？ ^ ， ^ x ^ ^ & ^ 誦 ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ iii れ​ ' x く​/" ^ ^ ，^ * (？！は​ * * ^^！. * ，，昨​ ^ ^ ね​は​ ^ "勿 ​ ^ ^^； ^ ^ xき​^ ^ ^ ^ ^ / ^ ^ ゆ​,^ ^ #お​ \ ^ ^ が​^ ^ ^ ^ ゆ​v ^ /^* お​i ^ 挺​,^ ^ * ^ ^ ^ ^械​""/！ ； ， ""(^ . ^ ！ 霣​| ^ ^ ^ ^ ^？か​/ ^ * ^ /^ おか​^ ^ 「ぐ​ ^ ^， *^* ， ^ ^ ^ ^ひめ​" ^^ ^^ ， ^ * ( ^ ， & * * ^窗​x ほ​？ ^x ^ ^れ​/ひ​ ^ i ^ ^^， | ^ 。一​《 ^"，ね​",(！)/)!!^!^, 一​一 ​"ま​'^(^^^！^ち​ ^ ^ ^( ケ​ ^ x ^*^ ：尺​""""""が​,^^ ^^ ^^ ^ ^ ， ヒ​.^^ ま​" ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ お​" ^ ？ 《酽​""翻​一​,:ん​お​'",ひ​"，"/"ぐ​""""お​化​ ，""〜"巧 ​""お​』 ^/ 〜，ザ​/?(！.. *^ ^^が​vザ​ ！"〗 ^ ， * れ​啦​门​―(^iii ^%^^^^ "ひ​お​.^ & ほ​ひ​. ？ ^ 卩​ ^「 * ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ( ( ^ ^ ^ ) ^ ^ ^^ ^ 《"か​,"か​,'"ヅ ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ x わ​"， ！'，，加​― * ^ ) ) ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^ ^ \^ ^山​ ^ (^ ^ *き​卬​iiゲ​ き​「^ ( ~ \」 xし​" ひ​"ダ​",（は​"），（！"翻​， * iv i ^ v*. お​"| i * * ？ 丫​ | ^ — ^ ， . 糊​ ' ^* ( * iiiほ​ * * ^ ^ iii ^/ ？ "岭​, ^. ) れ​^ ^ . ^ ^ * ず​ ^ まほ​ )^ * * ^ ^ | | ( * * ？ ひ ​ i * ，(冊​.，， % ^― ^ ―ヌ​^^-^ ^ —二​！^!^) 拿 ​ 画​ 丫​"如​， i ^ (お​,），^ ""り​ * ポ​ ^ ( ^* ("お​）， "れ​が​"お​"^！^!^')^ 丫​""^ | ^ 「 * * ^「 リ​ ゅ​ ， ^細​ ^ 《 國​ 丫​" 麵​ ^ i 一​『^/^ * 醫​ ^ メ ​ ~ ^^ 窗​ ほ​ * ^ * ^ | ？ 為​""お​"，" 脚​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ，；"わ​ / / メ ​！ ^ ――――――墨​—響 ​ ^ ^ ま​" ,^. " /i i ^. ^ i i i i i ョ ​に ​ キ ​つ​- 午 ​午 ​ ち ​ラ ​ ら ​& ら ​& ら ​？ ？ ？ マ ​、：) つ ​ ：二​: . i i i i i i i i -午 ​午 ​午 ​午​午 ​や ​つ​- & ら ​らら ​ら ​ら ​？ ？ ？ ？ ？ ？ ^午 ​i i ？ ？ . ？ ^ iii , 《け​義​ 力​.^ 窗​ ，"！ * 窗​"お​,^ ^ ( ^ ^ *^ ^ ^ | ^ ， ||^ ^ iii 一 ​^ ^ x ^が​", ^ ^ * ^^ x ^ / ；"ム​ ！ * お​^ ^ ^ / ： (, x ^ ^ ^？ ^，がき​ * ^^ ^ x * め​ほ​ * '！ ^ 亀​(x、 # ^ * — ゲ​"ね​"メ ​ ，お​ ^* - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 的​ぉ​は ​ .環​"ほ​ひ​， ^塞​， ，， ，お​ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^/ *^ ^x ^ ^似​化 ​ 丫​"如​ お​. ！ i i i i iii i ！ ？- ！ 午​^ や ​午​！ 午​午​千 ​ - ！ &ら ​& ら​！ らら​ & ？ ？ ？ ？ ！ ？?? ！ ！ ま ​ ^ 』 午​ ら​ . リ​ ^ i i一 ​ x i i 午​ ら​ i 午​ ら​ ^ -^ 一​ど​ + ら​ - + ら​？ * - i 午​ 午​ ら​ 為 ​ 午​ ら​ ^ i- ら ​ ら ​ - 八​口​が​！！ョ​ほ​「一​？" ) ^ ^〇​ 口​リ​ 「 丁​ 口​ ？「 「 ^ 口​「i门​iザ​ 「 ，口​「 口​ 口​リ​ ゎ​ 门​づ​ リ​ は​ ( づ​ * ^ 「 ^ ^ 「 ) づ ​ 门​（：。"口 ​ 《 リ​门​( 「 \^ ザ​ 「 ( ！| リ​「匕​ ほ​ づ​ 门​づ ​ ( は^ | 「 ，ザ​ 「 ^ ^ ザ​ , 「门​ 「 ^ づ ​ザ​ 「 (^ i门​ ！ ^ ^じ​ 门​ 「 ：( ( ^ * ^ ^ 「 リ​ ^「 リ​；づ​ ^ ^ ザ​ ' ^) - ザ​ 國​|^「 れ​ ゎ​ 门​づ​ ( リ​づ​ 「 口​ 「 ザ​ 「 【 门​^ 「づ​ 「 卩​〇​ は​ 门​ ！ に​ 「 ( ^ 八​)， ^ )^ 匕​ じ​に​ づ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^， ^ ' ( ' ザ​ 「 ^ ( は ​ ^ に​？ ^ ^ 〜 ^ ^ 「 リ​ ぱ​ ^ ^ &. i。 ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ( ( ( ( ( ^~ ^ リ​ 「 ^( 口​ パ​ じ​リ​ 「 卩​ 「 「 v ； ^ リ​.ュ ​ ^ ^ 「乂​， ^ ^ 卜​ - ，じ​ 丁​「 び​ — わ​&！！ぴ​《 ！" ^ 《 ^ 口 ​ ( リ​ ゎ​ 门​ 门​づ​^ ( ！门​な​リ​づ​ づ​ ( ^ 「 ^！' ^ ^ザ​ 「 门​ リ​ 「 ^ ^ 國​； ^ 「 「 ( ( 「 ， ゎ​ ^？ ^ x 口 ​ x 「 じ​づ​ ， ^ ( ( 「 口​「 ほ​^ヒ​乂​ ( ( 「 ま​ザ​ 「 「 ^ * 口 ​ け​ ( 「 ザ​口 ​ 「 门​ ^ 「 リ​ ^ ( 「 リ口​. 丁​^ 「 「 口​ 「 ザ​ 「 ^ ^ ( ^ ザ​ 「 ^ ザ​^ ^ づ ​？リ​ 「 \^^ ^ ^ リ​ 仃​ (^ 「 リ​"ぱ​ \^ 八​ ， 门​ ^づ​は​； 门​， ( * ^ | * ( 「 门​づ​ ^ 门​リ​ 「 ザ​ 「 ^ ^/ ^ 「 リ​ リ​ ヒ​ 〜 リ​國​ミ​. リ​^ 「乂​， ^ ^ 门​；门​づ​ 乂​ ^ ^ 门​づ​ ^^ ^ 「！ ホ​ 。ね​ 门​じ​〜 「 ザ​ 「 v 「 ， - ， リ​ ^ひ​ 「 ぴ​ り​ ま​ザ​ ^ リ​ 「 *^ ^ ^ ひ。. 卩​ は​ 门​ ( ^^ -^ 「 ^「 ( ( ^ ( ^ わ​ 门​ 门​づ​ ^ ( i -^ リ​门​i ^ 巾​口​に​| 卩​リ​ ^ 「 ^ ( & * ， 「 じ​ ， ^ ， ，づ​； & は​乂​， v ^ ^ ^ヒ​！！が​ほ​^, | ^ 「ザ​ x ， ^ ^ リ​ は​ づ​ゎ​ リ​ れ​ じ​^^！^じ​！^に​ほ​ゎ​じ​& ^ リ​ じ​ ， ザ​^「^(^じ​「 ， づ​「 "！ . 丁​^ ！ か​。"门​ザ​ 「 卜​ ！。 。ゆ ​i门​ 「 「仂​ 「 ^ ( ： ， ^ 众​ ， リ​ わ​ ， リ​门​？v リ​ぉ​ん​ | ^ ^ ^ 「 ！ ^ 「 卜 ​口​"「 リ​ ^ ， 门​づ​ ^ ~ 「 づ ​ ^ 「 ( ザ​ 「 ( ( ， ^ 「 ザ​ リ​ ， ( ^ ^\^ . i'门​ '！ づ​ i门​リリ​づ​ リ​.; ， 圆​巾​ 「も ​ "！ - ， 「 ^ ザ​化​ 卜​じ​ 「 — iト​ 「 | 「 卩​「 卩​ ' リ​ ^ ^ ^) づ​ 「 「 ^ 「 ザ​ ^ ^ じ​ 门​- 「 ， 丁​卜​ 「 口 ​ 「 ザ​ 「 ^； 仃​ (^ づ​ ホ​ . 门​ 「 ( 「 ； リ​ づ​ザ​ 厂​ ザ​ 卜​ ^ 「 じ​ リ​*" 匕​； ， ？ - - ，& リ​ ； ^ ^ ザ ​ | | . ^ ( リ​"门​ ^ ^ 「- —丁​卜​! 「 ( け( 「 | 「 ん​ ^ は ^ 门​ ^( ^ ^ ホ​ 门​ リ​ ， 门​ ^ ~ ^ ^ づ​卜​ リ​^^ 「 ^^ 「； (ヒ​ ^ ^ \^ ザ​ 「 ^ リ​ん​ づ​ 〜 ， ( ^ ザ​じ​ リ​^ ^ ， ^ 八​、 ザ​ ^ ！ | 「 「 i门​卜​ 门​ . 丁 ​ づ​ 「 ヒ​ づ​ ^ ^ ^ ザ​i卜​ ザリ​ii リ​ 口 ​ . 丁​卜​ 口 ​ ， ^ ^ 「 口​「 门​な​ ^) リ​ . 口 ​ x ザ​ | リ​ わ​ ， 〜 づ​ リ​ 卩​ づ​ 卩​「 リ​ づ​ リ​ 〜は​卜​ 门​は​ほ​ づ​ (：！！ョ​！^じ​は​「 ( ザ​ ^ ^ ( (^ づ​卜​ リ​ ；门​ リ​ は​ ザ​ 「 i卜​ ^ 「 「 ^ ^v^ ^ ^ ^ ザ​^。(：ほ​翁​， ^ ^ ^ ~ & ひ​ 「 は​ 「 れ​ "一 ​ 「 ( ^ 口​「 (^ 门​ ( ^ ( 「 ^ (^^ ^ ( ； ^ 「 ザ​ホ​ 卩​ 口リ​ づ​リ​に​ む​ 门​，の​ 「 门​， 「 ザ​ ほ​， ま​ ゎ​ リ&| (^ぼ​化​「"わ​ リホ​ 「リ​じ​ リ​「 ^ - の​ ，の​ け​ ， 门​づ​ 「 「 . 丁​卜​ ザ​ 口 ​ 卩​ 「ヒ​ リ​门​づ ​「 ( 「 门​づ​ ^ 「 ( け​ザ​ 「 ^さじ​(") 门​づ​化​ 「 ザ​じ​ 訓​ ほ​.^ 「 口​ 「 ^ ヒ​ ザ​ 「 卜​ リ​ は​ づ ​ ( & ^^ ^ ^ 「 口​ 「 ？ 「 ^ ( ^ 卜​ リ​ 门​ ^* 「 ^ 「i"；^ ザ​ 「 .は​ 「 ^ ^ 「 「 ， 门​づ​^ ザ​ , v ^ 「 ；门​" ^ ( ( 「 ^ ザ​ に​ザ​ じ​「 「 じ​ 「 ^ ； ^； ^^ 「 门​づ​ ， &に​i巾​ ， づ​八​ "む​ 门​づ​^ ( ？ \^ ほほ​^ぉ​) ^ ザ​。「 ^ 「 ザ​ ( ^ 「！ ^ ( 口​ - ，\^ | ， ^ ^ ^ ザ​ || ？ 口 ​ わ​ -丁​ん​ リ​ リ​ 卩​「 ザ​ 门​ 口​ 口​じ​ 门​ 门​づ​ ( ^ ^ ~ ^ゎ​ 「 ^^ 「； ^；^ .は​ ザ ​「 ( 「な​ザ​ 「 ( ザ​ リ​ \^^门​ ：ホ​ リ​づ​ ， ( ザ​ *i ， ^ ^) ザ​ ( | ^ ？リ​ 「 ^ づ ​i卜​ リ​^「 — リョ​卬​，化​ \^「 い ​ ^ ザ​！^ リ​ は​ づ​八​^ の​ ， づ​ ~ 「 ^ 「门​^ 「； 门​ づ​ ^ ^ づ​ 「 ザ​ ^ 丁​「リ​ ^ ^ ^ ？ ^ ^ づ​ ， 丁​ゎ​ リ​ リ​^ ザ​ リ​「じ​ 口 ​ 「 ザ​ 「 じ​ 「 . * ( 「 ん​, ， づ​ ^ ( - 八​ 门​づ​ 卩​「 ^ ^ ^ ^ 卩​i ^ -^ リ​门​！ &. 门​づ​^i^ 「 じ​ づ​ 口​「 む〜 づ​ ^^) れ​ザ​ 「巾​ ^ ， x ^ ザ​ 「 ^ v ^ 八​「 ^ 「 づ​ ^「 ( ( 《 丁​卜​ ( リ​ 门​ ^ 「 は^ ；门 ​^^ ( 「 ^ ^ vづ​iザ​ザ​ 「む​ ( ^ 「 ( ^ 「 ； 「 ( * ？("iじ​ ，^ 「 ゥ​ 「 匕​ じ​ リ​ ^ 「「 ( 〜 「 ^ ^ ザ​ 「 - - ザ​ リ​门​づ​ ザ​ 「化​ ？ - ^ 「 ^ 「 ^「 ； リ​ . 卩​ 「 ， 门​づ​ ^ ソ​「 じ​ 门​づ​ ^) ^ 「 ザ​ 「 「 ^ 卩​ ゎ​わ​ づ​ リ​^！ぉ​に ​ 「 リ​ ^ 口​ ) ^ 门​ 「 リ​^， 丁​卜​ リ​.り​.^ v 「 ( ひ​ 「 ザ​ 「ホ​ リ​ は​ づ​& ， 「 が​ ん ​づ​ リ​ほ​； ！" ， ^ づ​ ( ^ ^ リ​ に​！'ii ^ 「 ^ お​ 「 口​ 「 ^ ^ ^ お​ ！ ザ​じ​ リ​巾​ ， ？リ​ 「 ； ^ 卜​ リ​ ' ナ​门​ 八​「 ^ ザ​。「i卜​ ( 「 リ​ リ​ | 「 ( リ​ づ​ リ​ 门​ ， ( ザ​ 「 ^ ザ​ ^ 「 「 リ​ づ​ ( 「 口​ 口​ 「匕​ リ​ づ​「 口​ 「 (：卜​ 口​ 「 八​， ， 门​。 ？ - 卜​ 卩​ 「/^， ^ 「 ザ ​^ ( —^ 口 ​ 口リ​ ； じ​ リ​门​な​ 「 ^ ^ ザ​ 「 ( ザ​ 〜；门​ 「 「 ^ ^ リ​ん​ 门​な​： . リ​ ゎ​ ，じ​ リ​门​す​乂 ​ リ​ ^ リ​ ， ； ^ 「 「 ^ づ​^ づ ​ づ​ ^ 。 口 ​ ， ^ ^ ， ；づ​ づ​ ( 「 (ミ​じ​ ^\、)， ^/ 八​ ， 门​づ​リ​「匕​ ほ​ づ​ 「 ， ( 卩リ​ ； 门​ ( ^ ii「！ 门​づ​「じ​「 「 づ​ じ​ ， ^ 门​ソ​ ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ^ ザ​「 の​^^ v 门​ じ​ ， ば​ - ， (^！华​"' ， 「 ^ ( ^ ^ ^ ~^ リ​ 卜​ づ ​「 门​ * ( ， # 「 ， ^ ^ ^ 乂​， ^ ^ 「は​ ^ 「 か​ 〜 ザ​ 「ホ​ ^ 「 「ホ​ 「 リ​ リ​ ： ， リ​ ゎ​ v づ​「リ​「 「 卜 ​^ ！,(：。リ​が​v リ​ x ん​ふ​ 门​ ， ^ , 「 「 ^ # じ​ 八​ ， 八​口​口​ 乂 ​~ ？ ^|| ； 卩​リ​ 「丁​ 口​ ？「 「 れ​は​^卩​ リ​ 门​ ザ​ ^ 「の​ 「 ^ ザ​ ^ づ​^ 「 口​「 门​な​づ​ ザ​ 「 「 リ口 ​ ザ​ ^ 八​ ^^ ^ ^ ( ^ ( ""卜 ​ ( ザ​ ホ​ ； ； * ヒ​ ~ - ，ゾ​ "の​ ， ^ ( ( ？ - ^ リ​ リ​^ ザ​ 「 卩​ 「 ^！ ~ ^ ( ( 卜​ ^ ^ - ザ​ 「 卜​ 〜 「 ぉ​「 づ​v 一​「。口​ 「ぉ​ ， ^^ (：卜​ 「 「 ！ ^ ^ 「 口​「 口​ 「 乂​， 门​づ​ れ​门​ に​ ^ - ( 「 ^ ^ ( リ​〜 ソ​ ^ づ​リ​ づ​ ^ 卩​ ザ​ . 「 卩​「 づ​丁​ 「 ^ リ​门​は​ づ​ づ ​「 . づ​ ( 「 | 「 づ​ヒソ ​ ^ ^ ( ^ ^？ ^ ^ 「 - - - ， リ​卩​卩​ ね​「v ゅ​"ト ​ ^ 「 口​ 「 口​「 x ！ ( 化​ ^ ^ ザ​^ 「 ^ ^~ 「！ ザ​卜​ リ​ ；门​ リ​ は​ ザ​ ^ づ​ 「 ザ​じ​ リ​巾​ ； ， ( ( ^ . リ​ リ​ | 门​^ ザ​ 「 门​ 口​ は​ ？ ^ ^ ^ リ​ ゎ​ 门​ ( ^ ^ か ​| け​ — ^ 「 口​ 「 卩​「 * 「 リ​は​ ザ​ x ^ リ​ リ​ 门​卩​「 「 巾​ 门​- づ​ (^ づ​ ^ 「 口​ ザ​ ゎ​ リ&.丁​卜​！ 口​「 「 巾​「 ^ ^ ^ ( ザ​ リ​巾​ 「 ！ 门 ​ ( は​v ザ​^ 。 「 ^ 「ほお​". - ， ^ ^ 「 | 「 -丁​卜​ 「 - ^ ^ 卩​「 门​！ ^ ^^ ^ リ​ 「 ^ 「 ^ 门​づ​^ ^ ( ^ ザ​ ^ じ​ 门​ リシ​丁​* 「 门 ^^ ： ？ - # ビ​ ^ ( - ^ 「 口​ 「 リ​ 「 ^^( ^ [^。(^づ​リ​「 ， ~ "ゆ​v，""ほ​""i ？「 づ​リ​(：( ， ^ ( づ​"，, リ​ x ，リ​ に​ ほ​ ， ( ^ リ​ ， ( ザ​ ！ . 门​づ ​ ) そ​。『 门​ づ​ 「 ^) 「な​ ^ 口​ ザ​"".丁​卜​ ！ リ​ づ​ 门​ ~ ザザ​ 「巾​ づ​ づ​| 口​ 「 (円​ -八​， ( . ^ v 「 (^！*!^. ^ ^ ； 「ソ​一​丁​ん​ 「 は​ ^ づ​ ^^ ザ​ ^ 门​ リ​ ，む​ ^ 「！ 口 ​ ^ 门​ ^「 リ​ ^ 化​ ^ ^ ザ​づ​ 门​づ​ リ​ リ​ | 门​ ザ​「 リ​は​ ，は​ づ​ お​ づ​ふ​ ザ​ リ​ リ​ - づ​伤​ げ​ ( 口​「 リ​ ^ リ​ ， ？ ' ，八​ ^ ヒ​ \^\ x ザ​i门​- ^ (^ づ​ひじ​じ​リ口 ​ ； -丁​卜​； 「 ( ^ ^ づ​ リ​ | 卩​ づ​^ - - vザ​ 「リ​ ^ ^ 「 ( 卜​ ^ ^ ^ ザ​^ (れ​^じ​ ひ​乂​) 门​づ​^ ザ​〜 「に​(^(：リ​| わ​ ^卜​ヒ​卜​ 「 ( 门​づ​ ( 丁​ゎ​ れ​ x | | 「 乂​ ^ ソ​ , ^ 「v づ ​ , ( ^ iは​ i门​ ^) 「 に ​ - ， ：！ ^ お​ ザ​ き ​ii* づ​ ^( — ^ 「 口​ 「 づ​ ザ​ ( 國​ト​づ​" 仃​ ^ ( 。 ぉ​ け​卜 ​ 乂​ の​ づ​ | づ​ザ​ 「 卜​ ひ​门​ ぞ​& ( じ​ ^ 门​.は​^^ ^ | づ​ リ​ ( リ​ 卜​ は​リ​ ^ ザ ​ ^ 门​づ​ ひ​v 门​づ​ ^ ( ^ 「 ホ​ ^ v i ^ ^^ ( 「 〜 ^ ^ づ​ 乂​， i'卜​ ^( ( ^ 「 ~ ！ め​ ^ 门​^ x 仁​ ゎ​ 门​ ^ .八​ * 卩​ ， ^ i门​( リ​ ひ​v ^ 「 ザ​ お​ホ​ づ​ 「づ​i门​づ​リ​ ひ​； ^ (ミ​！じ​). ？ じ​ - ， （ 「 卩​* ヒ​ ( ^ ^ ひ​( 卜​ —丁​ん​ 「 卩​ は​ ^ ^ * ^ 「 は​づ​ ^ ^^ (^ ザ​ 「 ，じ​ リ​门​iv，门​ 「 ^ (^リ​ほ​；。门​ 卩​ ， 「 ； 门​，( リ​ ， じ​ ^\， ^ 八​， 八​ 「ヒ​ i门​ふ​ 「 (^ ， ^八​ に​ ^ (^ vii ザ​ 「め​；ホホ​ リ​「 リ​ リ​ づづ​ ザ​「 门​ 卜​ . じ​ \； ^リ​丁​ 丁​^？ ( 丁​ ^) ^ づづ​は​； 门​ ^ 卩​「 门​ ^ 门​づ​"ヒ​*^. "ホ​ 「 口​ は​ ， 「 リ​は​ ザ​ ^ リ​ 「 口​「 リ​ づ​ づ​ | リ​ に​ ^) 化​ ザ​ 「卬​ ザ​ リ​^ ^ね​口​ わ​ ( 丁​「 &). ^ づ​ 卩​「 ( (^ ゎ​ リ​ 匕​ づ​ ^ づ ​ ( 「 リ​ づ​ ( れ​は​卜​ 「 ( 「 | づ​ ^ "ゆ​ヒ​づ​ 卜​ ！ 「 ^ 「 口​「 リ​ づ​ iii卩​「 门​ づ​ 门​づ ​^ ^ ^ ^ 「 卩​ 「 ，[卜​ ド​づ​ 「 ^ リ​ 卩​ 巾​；门​ . 丁​^ ^ ^ ) ^^「 「 ^ な​"^ 「 ^v i。 ^ ^ - 丁​^ 「 - ザ​ リ​ 丁​ド​ づ​ \^， 门​づ​ ^ ザ​ 「 ^ ； ^ ( づ​ 口​「 づ​^ 「 ， 丁​ド​ づ​ ^ づぬ​ づ​ 丁​ド​ ， ， ^ ^ づ​ .リ​ ホ​ 問​"(： ぐ​ リ​ づ​\^^ 「 ザ​ 「 ^ | ^ が​ - v；づ​ づ​ザ​ 「 「 ^^* 「 ， づ​ ^ ひ​" 「 ザ​ ( ^ ザ​^ ^ | 化​ ( ザ​ ^ ザ ​曰​ ザ​ ^ 丁​「、 「 v ( ザ ​ 〜 「 「 ( 〜卜​ヒ​卜​| 「 ん​づ​ づけ​ザ​ 「 づ​ 「 丁 ​ 「 口​卜​ヒ​ \ )\ づ​， ^ ， ！" / ^ じ​「 ~ に​ - .「 「 ^ ザ​ ^ ザ​； i卜​ 「 ほ​ 口​ 「 口​ 「 が​ ザ​ 「 れ​ ， ^ 「 ザ​じ​ リ​〜ヒ​； ， ^ ？リ​ 「 ( ( 川​ ( 丁​ド​〗 づ​ 丁​「 「 ( 卩​「 ^リ​じ​ づ​ザ​ 「い​リ​ ^ ，ホ​ vほ​が​门 ​ ( ^ ザ​^ リ​。は​" は​ ，八​巾​ "。も​ 门​づ​ ~ 「^ 「 ^ り​' ， づ​ づ​ ^ 「 の​ 门​づ​ 「 ザ​ ( 丁​「リ​ 丁​ 「「'は​ \ ^ ？ & づ​ ， ！ ( 「 リ​ ^v ？ ^ づ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ) ^ ^) ザ​ 「 ^ ^ 「 ^ . ^ 「 ^ づ​ 「；^v ザ​ * ^、 ^ ^ ^ ^ 〜 「 ^ 〜 ザ​ じ​ づ​ ) ^ ^ ^( ^ ^ ( 川​ 门​づ​； ？("iじ​ - ，ひ​ な​ "/ゴ​え ​ ？ 一​丁​ん​ 丁​「 「 山​づ​ (：。卬​卩​ぉ​！^で​。リ​门​ 卩​ 卩​リ​ ^ ( ^ リ​ ！门​ . 「 リ​巾​^ 「は​ づ​ザ​ 「お​リ​。は​ ( ， ^ #づ​^ ； 门​ ， ， 八​ ， ^ ^ ，リ​「ヒ​ は​ づ​ 「 ， ^ 门​ 「 i ( i ひ​に​な​， リ​门​ゎ​ ，じ​ リ​*"^乂 ​ リ​匕​づん​； 门​ ， 口 ​ ， リ​ れ​ お​， リ​ 「 づ​ 「 仁​ぉ ​ 门 ^ ^ 「 ， ^ ^ ^ づ ​ ( ^ 「 じ​口​ i门​ ^ ^ 「 丁​!^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ ^ ；门​ ^ ？(" - ， ？ - - 忙​ 巾​？ 《 リ​门​化​ ( ^ - ^ 「 ( ^ ， 丁​ド​ —丁​卜​ほ​ 丁​ド​ , ！ ザ ​づ​ ね​ づ​ ^^ - 口​。— 。 づ ​ ^ ^ 「 「 ^ づ ​ザ​ 「 * 「 门​づ​ ^ ^ 「ゆ​门​ ^ ( 卩​「 ^ ^ ^ 「 國​ ^ 「 リ​巾​ 「； ( ザ​ 「 卜​ リ​iiは​ 。 ， 「 ； ， づ​ リ​ | ， お​ ， じ​ 八​ &，&八​ ，リ​「 - ( 「 ， ^ じ​ほ​ ， ^ ザ​ , 「巾​ 「 ^ # ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 「 〜 - ， づ​^ ^ ~ ん​ ""鄉​ .丁​卜​ づ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ [^ v \- \^\ \ ^^ v)\), ？ - づ​^ - ^ 「 は​ ， 丁​？ —丁​卜​； 丁​「 ： , & ザ ​^ ( リ​ 「； リ​ ^ ^ ( 门​づ​^ ) ( & ^ ^ 丁​卜​ 「 リ​ 「 づ​ 「 ホ​ 卬​ び​ ， x ^ に​ ， ^ ( ^ i卜​ ^ ^ 化​ ？ - ^( 〜口 ​ )「 口​ 「 シ ​「~ /^^^！!^^ド​.一​？リヒ​ ^ じ​ 口​リ​ 「 丁​ 口​ ？ ^ ^ 丁​「 一​丁​卜​； 丁 ​「 卜​ 「 卩​门​ヒ ​ ^ 「^ 「 i ^ ヒリ​ ヒ​ 门​リ​^ 「 ザ​^ i& 「 「 ( ( ^「 x ^ ^ iv . .：)，下​ 口​「 リ​ づ​ ^ ( じ​ リ​ 「 vii"(じ​ 乂​ ザ​ ^ ^ ( | ( づ ​ (^ ^ ^ | ^ ^ ザ​ ^ ^ ( リヒ​) x ザ​i卜​ 「 「 - ^ づ​ザ​ 「 「 ， &口 ​ 门​ ^ 门​ ， 仃​ソ​ 「 リ​ ( 「 リ​ 卬​ 「ほ​ づ​ザ​ 「 「 ；^ 「 ホ​ * ^ | 丁​「 ， x ( ^ づ​ ザ​ 「 口 ​ 「 ^ ^ * \^は​卜​ ，& 「 ^ 「 ！ 卜​お​. | づ​ ^ ^ ^ * ？ - (ほ​〜口​ぉ​)，？ - ^ ^^ じ​ - - 「 口​ 「 丁​？ —丁​ト​ 丁​「 ^ リ​ 「 , & x リ​ 「； リ​ ^ ^ ！ 门​づ ​卜​ リ​ ；门​ ( ( 〜^ づ​^^ ^ ^ ^ ( ^ ！ ^ ザ​ 「 ^/ /^ ，じ​ リ​"； ， ) ザ​ . 「 の​。「 ^ ^じ​ ひ​ . ^ ) 「 ( ^ ^か​「 ( ( &^ 「 れ​.丁​ "^づ​ れ​じ​ リ​ ^ ^ ^ ^ ？ - - ^ - - 「 卩​ ， -じ​ 口​リ​ 「丁​ 口​ 「 ド​.し​. - ，？ 卩​リ​ ； - ひ ​ 「^ ？ ^ し​ れ​（？.し​.） - ， i卜​ リ​「 ( 「 ソ​；づ​ ^ ( ^ ； ザ​ 「 ( ^ 「 ( 卩​ け​ 山​ ^/「 ^ii ^「i^^i门​ ， 卜​ ザリ​ づ​ -^- ^ ^ & .は ​ ^ ( ( ^ ( ^ 「 ^ ^ ^ 「！ . 丁​卜​ づ​ ね​ 「 づ​ 「 * ^ リ​ ザ ​ 「 口 ​ 乂 ​ ( ^ ( ： ほ​ ， リ​ ； ん ​ v ^^ ^ i加​ 「口​。「 づ​口​ ， ひ​ ， ( ^ ^ ^ 「 じ​ i门 ​ヒ​ に​ づ​ 「 ， ^ ^ 「 (！；""は​ ^ ^ 「 ， 「 「 卩​ 「わ​ 卩​ - ^ リ​ リ​ 「乂 ​口​「 「 の​ ^ ^ 卩​「 ひ​！！じ​お​i门​ ，リ​ 门​ゆ​は​ii ^ リ​「 リ​，^ づ​ 「 ^ ^~ ザ​ 「 わ​ ^^ ： \^ 「八​「 ^ ^| づ​ iv！八​ 「 一​丁​卜​^ 「 卩​卜​ヒ​「 ザ​ 「 【 乂​ひ​ じ​ ザ​ ド​ ^ ^ ^ ザ​ 「 ^ 「 リ​；「 〜 「 ； ザ ​ 「 ^^ ^ ( 门​^ 「 ， ( ^ * ^ じ​ リ​门​ 「「 门​ づ卜​i 「 ix^v | \^ザ​「 (卜​ ^ づ​ \^ ^ ^ 「 リ口 ​ ^ リ​巾​ 「 (； * 「 リ​ じ​ 门​づ ​ リ​ づ​ ^ ^ 丁​卜​ ザ​ 「 「づ​ ザ​ 「 ，じ​ じ​ ， ^ ^^ # ^ | ひ​ ： ， 门​ 「 ！ 门​（^ジ​「；じ​ ；门​ ^^ ^ ^ 「 ， 门​づ​ ^ ^ ( i。 ( づ​ 「 ， ^ ^ 「 「づ​ 卜​ れ​ 卜​ ^ x ( ヒ​乂​わ​リ​ 「 「 リ​| ，卩​ ( リ​ わ​ ザ​ ^ 「 ゆ​门​， 门​リ​^ 「 ザ​ヒ​ リ​ ；门​ じ​ は​ ， ^ * じ​ づ​ ， リ​^ ね​ 「 ザ​^ ||| づ​ おれ​ 化​ 「は​ 吼 ​iv！八​ ！" — 丁​ん​ ザ​； i卜​ れ​は​卜​ホ​ は​リ​( ( じ​ 「づ​； ザ​ 「 「 ( 门​ ^ ^ | 门​ひ​(^づ​) ^ ^ 「 じ​ 「 リ​^ 门​^ ^x ほ​ ^ ^ 门​じ​^ ^ 「 「 ， ^ ^^ ^ / ( 口 ​ ^) ^ 口 ​^ ^ (な​^^/!)("日 ​一​丁​卜​ 川​ 「 ( リ​ 「 「 「 ゎ​ ^ 仃​ 卩​ は​ ( ^ ( 「； ， i门​仁​ リ​づ​； づづ​「 「 门​づ​ ド​ # ^ ^ 「 乂 ​ リ​ 「 卜​ リ​「 ん​ づ​卩​ 「 ！ 门​ ザ​&(^&八​ &. ^/ ^^ザ​； 「 ( ^ 「 口​^ & ^ づづ​「 . ^ ( 「 リ​ ^ ^^# ^ - ^ 「 ( | ~^ - 巾​に​「 づ​ ね​ ( ^) 「 卩​リ​ 「ほ​ づ​ ^ ^ ^ ( ~ づ​^ ^ (^ 「 ^ 「； i^ ^ ^ ^ ザ ​ ^^ ^ 门​ リ​ 「 「づ​&.i卜​ ザ​ 〜 「 づづ​「 ， ^ 「 口卜​ヒ​ ^ ^ リザザ​ (^ ( ^ 「 づ​ 「 ザ​ づ​ ゎ​ | v， * ^ 「 ^ 「 ^ ^ x ^ ^ ^ 口 ​ ，化​ 八​ 〜口 ​ ( ( x ザ​ ^ 「 & ^ ^ "。は​ ， づ​^ し​ ( ^ ^ |^ 「^ 门 ( 「 门​づ​ リ​ は​ . ( づ​の​ 「 (^/ 八​ ^ ほ​ 卜 ​ ( 「巾​ 「 ザ​ ^ ."に​*"。. ^ || ( ^ ( リ​ 「 ^ 「 ( 「 (：リ​ 巾​ づ​ ^ ； . /^^ ( —丁​卜​^ ！ ( 口​「 ' リ​ づ​ ^ ^ & づ​ "ゆ​ ^ ( ( /^^リョ​门​仁​^ ^^ 门​( ^ 「^ ^ ^ わ​ ^ 匕​リ​ほ​わ​ ， づ​ 卩​ づ​ ^ づ​ ^ ^* 卜​ 「 \^は​^ 乂​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^ 匕​v ノ ​丁 ​ ^ ^ ^ 「 「 ( 乂 ​ ん​「 じ​ ， 门​づ​ 口​ ゆ​ ！ ！"' 化​ づ​ 「 口​「 リ​ づ​ づ​ザ​ ！" ザ​ 「 ^/ 八​ ， づ​ザ​ 「 ^/i ^ れ​は​ii ^( ザ​ , 「の​ひ​)^. iv！八​お ​^ ( じ​ 「乂 ​ づ​ ザ​； 「 「 「 乂​〜"ほ​卜​ づ​ づ​ 门​仁​ リ​。 パ​ ザ ​ ^ 「「 ^ づ​ 门​ 「 ^ け \^ ^ 「 ^ ~ ) ^ ( ザ​ 「 に​ |^ |國 ​じ​ リ​ 「 (？闩​じ​ しん​ リ​ お ​卩​リ​ x づ​ 卩​ 「 〜ザ​「 山​^ v^ v(. づ​； 仃​ (^ 「 x - ^ 「 口​「 ^ . ザ​ ゎ​ じ​ ^ 卩​じ​は​「 ^「 づ​ x 「 リ​ || 匕​ 门​v^\')^v v\^\^\^. 丁​「 ^ ヒ​「 ザ​ (^ 「 ； づ​ザ​ 「 じ​^ ^ 「八​「 门​づ​， 「 i卜​ リ​。は​ ( 丁​" ： ^^ ： ？ ^ ^ ^ - ザ​「 丁​「 「 | 「 门​ づ​ ん​ 「《 「 ザ​ 「 ^ 丁​「 「 | じ​ リ​ ！ づ​ 「；^ づ​| 「 ん​ リ​ ん ​ x ( 『「 ^ ^ じ​「 ザ​ (^ - む​ 丁​「 「 | 「 门​ づ​iii 「ザ​ ザ​ 「 ^ & i下​ 「 ゆ​ヒ ​已​し​. - ！^；ひひ​ザ​ヒ​卜​^—丁​卜​ ^ ザ​「 ^ にし​. - ^ ( ^ ^ザ​； 「 ？** ^ ) ザ​ 「の​ 一​ | 「 门​ づ​ 门​i ま ​？ 丁​^ ^ ^ ？ ？ リ​ぶ​. 八​ 丁丁 ​ 「 ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^- ― れ​" 一​！^ハレ ​ぃ​ リ​ 「帥​ ？ 「 ^ 他​め​;邮​加​, ^ ^ ，け​vザ​ 「^ ^ リ​ ， x ザ​八​閒​お​^ 门​ 门​ ^ 口​ け​^ ^ に​ ， 。ズ​ 八​「 ) 。 vに​出さ​ report of special committee on buildings and grounds ann arbor, michigan march , to the board of education of the school district of ann arbor: your committee, during the past months, has carefully studied the problems of the schools, has secured expert advice and is now ready to report to you regarding the most serious needs of the schools and to submit tentative plans which will satisfactorily meet our present difficulties and partially provide for the future. we have now, march, , an educational institution with teach- ers and pupils, of whom are in the graded schools and in the high school. there is in the graded schools a total en- rollment of , exclusive of the eighth grades and the high school liuilding, or an average of in each room in each grade building of the city. in , when there were available ten less rooms than now, there was an enrollment of , or per room, while in after eberbach school was built enrollment had been increased to , still an average of per room. in other words, the build- ing of eberbach school just met the increase in school population and did not relieve the congestion or give us any available room for growth and conditions are steadily growing worse; in spite of the four-room increase made in at bach school the aver- age per room is higher than ever. in some.buildings many first grade children have been allowed to attend school only one half-day session of each day. unless more room is provided soon many more children will have to fol- low this undesirable practice. in the high school all possible space has been utilized for school room purposes. the following table of high school enrollment will serve to show the changes during the past six years: enrollment central year high school eighth grade total - - - - - r - — — eberbach school the eberbach school, on wells street and forest, as built is part of a ten-room building. the final unit should be built at once. it will be noted by reference to the table that this district has had sixty percent of the total increase in school census of the city of ann arbor, during the past ten years. the present build- ing is the most crowded in the city, the average number of pupils per teacher being more than forty. shortly after the beginning of the current school year, the board of education found it possible to provide temporarily for one additional grade by building a partition across the upper cor- ridor. this improvised room should be considered only a tem- porary expedient because it was impossible to provide more toilet facilities and the room is in no way connected with the ventilating system. no children of this densely populated district, whose grades are above the sixth, are allowed to attend eberbach school, which makes it necessary for many quite small children to walk a considerable distance to the perry and tappan schools. kindergartens in not more than one or two buildings can it be said that the ann arbor school system has pure kindergartens and where we do have a real kindergarten the room is not more than one-half the size it ought to be for more modern kindergarten work. the kindergarten is no longer considered a mere adjunct to the public school. it is neither a frill nor a fad. the kindergarten has come to stay. school life, a publication of the united states department of education, sanctions the statement, "the kinder- garten is the best introduction to school. it is the best institution for the transition of children from the home to the public educa- tional institution that we have so far found." kindergarten training and kindergarten experience are essen- tial to the development of the children who are to become citizens of a democracy like ours. here can be inculcated an appreciation of the rights of others and a respect for authority better than can be done anywhere else. kindergarten training has its influence in all subsequent education and development of the individual. it is the most democratic of all our educational institutions. ann arbor should have at least seven pure kindergartens which child- ren of ages four and five should be allowed to attend, as in other cities in michigan. this would prove to be a good financial in- vestment because it is commonly accepted that there is less retar- — — gymnasiums and playgrounds the american people are attaching more importance to the preservation of health and the development of sound bodies than ever before. the last two legislatures of michigan enacted laws which make mandatory the incorporation of physical education in our courses of study. every child has an inalienable right to physical, as well as mental, development. it should be the purpose of the board to encourage all branches of athletic activities to the end not only that every child may have the opportunity of participating in some game and thus learn how to adjust and adapt himself to his classmates, but also that his individual physical needs may be met. it is as natural for a growing human being to play as it is for an animal and it is unnatural not to play. play is essential to growth. the adult who cannot retain a position long because of a bad dis- position probably never had much opportunity to play with his or her schoolmates. "the boy without a playground becomes the man without a job." ann arbor's grade schools should have gymnasiums and larger playgrounds. there is very little chance for grade pupils to use the high school gymnasium and here too we are confronted with the problem of buildings. each grade school ultimately should have a gymnasium of its own. our building plan would not be complete if it did not provide for the purchase of more land adjoining, or near, our present properties. land in this city will never be cheaper and it is almost certain to cost much more in the near future. additions to facilities to permit greater efficiency and flexibility of school work. the schools must be operated for the benefit of all the child- ren; both the brilliant and the slow, plodding child must be cared for. to operate to the best advantage children should be ad- mitted to the schools at the beginning of each semester. these considerations have more than justified the rooms at perry school. they make all the more insistant the demands of mack and eberbach schools and they justify the addition of several more rooms at jones school to meet immediate needs. each building should have at least one class room available for use as a fresh air room, which has become a permanent feature in the schools of many cities. — — in every room visited the location of the lamps is bad. the lighting scheme seems fo be a sort of standard wiring layout with but little consideration of the purpose of placing the maximum of light on the pupils' work with a minimum directed at the pupils' faces. there are four lamps in each room, two toward the front, two toward the back, the two rows being "bunched" in most cases. the effect is that, in the rear third of each room, all the light comes from in front of the pupil—glares into his eyes. even in the front seats the light from the two forward lamps comes from in front of the pupil. in writing the hand throws a shadow onto the paper. this shadow should never cover the characters being written. the light should come from the left as well as from the rear of the writer. obviously, the pupils on the left sides of these school rooms are subjected to light from the right and from the front. all the present lamps should be moved well toward the rear of the room and the rows should be moved latterally so that the right-hand lamps will be on the room's main axis, the left hand row being located at the cornice. the present glassware should be thrown away and the lamps equipped with steel reflectors to throw the light forward, downward and to the right. a still bet- ter way would be to use a larger number of smaller lamps simi- larly located and similarly equipped with reflectors—this would prevent dark spots which are almost inevitable with the lighting concentrated in a few large units. the natural lighting from the windows is about what might be expected in ancient buildings and can be remedied in only one way, by means of proper design at the time of rebuilding.' in the tappan school alone are the windows properly placed either to give light from the left or to avoid light from square in front of the pupils and in the tappan school alone are the glass areas large. in the other two buildings there are rooms such as the southwest rooms in the mack school and all four south rooms in the jones school where it is impossible to so locate the seats that the pupils will not be staring into the light. in all three buildings windows on the sides of the rooms are located so near the front as to be quite unavoidably in the range of vision of the children. one teacher in the jones school has wisely closed off the front window in her room. the serious difficulty in having a strong light within the range of vision is that the pupil of the eye contracts so as to protect the sensitive retina against such abuse thereby closing the shutters of the eye when the eye should be fully open in order to do the con- — — some minor improvements might be made in the toilet rooms, as, for example, the placing of an automatic closing attachment upon the doors of the boys' toilet room, and the improvement of the drainage from the urinal. upon the whole, however, the sanitary conditions of the building are bad simply because of the antiquated and makeshift character of the toilet rooms and their equipment and their bad arrangement with reference to the rest of the building. these things cannot be changed materially ex- cept through fundamental changes in the building. the building is equipped with drinking fountains of fairly good type, though some of these have their control valves set so tightly that the children are able to put their mouths down over the metal work of the fountain and draw the water through it, in- stead of merely catching the fountain flow in the air without touching the metal parts to the lips, as it should be done. a little better adjustment of the control valves will correct this de- fect. it should be said in this connection that this building from top to bottom appears to receive the most painstaking and careful attention from the janitor in charge. this man has an unusually difficult job to do in keeping the building clean and dustless, and he does it well. the jones school this school building is in somewhat better condition than the mack school, and so. far as floors are concerned, these being mostly of maple and in good condition. the place is not kept as clean as the mack school, however, and there are plenty of un- used corners of the basement as well as other areas that are being made a catch-all for dirt and trash and rubbish of every descrip- tion. the two toilet rooms in this building are relatively new, hav- ing been built only a few years ago to replace the old outside toilet house which formerly stood on the play ground west of the building. these inside toilet rooms are in the basement, and communication with them from the corridors above is afforded by adequate stairways. the floors of the toilet rooms are good, and walls and ceilings are painted a light color. the ventilation of the rooms is not as good as it should be, however, and the humid- ity at times must be oppressive. these inside toilet rooms are a very great improvement over the former outside comfort stations, but in arrangement and character they are far below what a good modern school house should have. — — there appears to be a sufficient number of drinking fountains, and these are fairly well distributed over the building. these fountains are of a very poor type, however. some of them ap- pear to be incapable of being satisfactorily adjusted, and are wasteful of water. tappan school this school building has suffered so many changes and has been remodeled so many times that it appears impossible to get any further improvement out of it. in the main, the floors are fairly good, excepting in certain places where the cracks are wide and the floor level is not even. there is a relatively large amount of space occupied by badly connected halls and corridors. the stairways are fairly wide and have easy treads, but one or two are very dark, particularly those leading into the basement. the, building appears to be kept only tolerably clean by the janitor in charge, but it must be recognized that he has an exceedingly diffi- cult job on his hands. both toilet rooms are in the basement, and both are intoler- ably bad. the boys' closet fixtures are grouped together in a room altogether too small for the purpose, in addition to being dark and poorly ventilated. the lack of a suitable urinal in this toilet room is unfortunate, to say the least. the girls' toilet room is dark and the floor is rough and hard to keep clean. it has practically no ventilation whatever. both these rooms must be excessively bad in warm weather or when overheated in the winter season. the school is equipped with drinking fountains, fairly well scattered over the building, but these are of a poor type and several of them are out of order. a little attention to these de- vices would be very desirable, particularly as the warm season is approaching when they will be more in demand than at present. in general, the sanitary conditions at this school are far below what should be looked upon as tolerable or permissible in any city school. i do not see any way of securing any large measure of improvement, with the building as it is. obviously the thing that is needed here the most, as at the mack school and the jones school, is a new and modern building, with well arranged and up-to-date equipment for lighting, ventilation, interior communi- cation, water supply, plumbing, heating, cleaning and other ne- cessary service. respectfully submitted, w. c. hoad. — — ^ , al i, i to^^jl^ i ?efa. st. andrew's church and chapel press of the new era printing compani lancaster. pa. prefatory note. when the eve of st. andrew's day, , was chosen to commemorate the seventy- fifth anniversary of the founding of st. andrew's church, ann arbor, the present writer was asked to read a paper on the origin and subsequent history of the parish. the following account grew out of what was prepared for that occasion. the right reverend george d. gillespie, bishop of western michigan, had already prepared the way. on november , at the last service in the old church building pre- vious to moving into the present edifice, bishop gillespie, then rector of the parish, delivered a historical sermon in which he presented, with considerable fulness of de- tail, all that he could gather relating to the subject. his address was subsequently printed in the reports of the pioneer and historical society of the state of mich- igan, volume ix, pp. - . aside iii ann arbor, michigan. v sociable in harris hall, which was printed in the ann arbor argus in the issues of , , june, . aside from the studies of bishop gil- lespie, miss corselius, and the reminiscences of some of the older parishioners, the chief sources of information are the parish reg- isters, the reports of the various rectors to the annual diocesan convention, and, above all, the vestry books. unfortunately, the two former do not reach back further than , and no trace can be found of any vestry records earlier than . the manual and annals of the diocese of mich- igan, compiled by bishop gillespie while secretary to the convention, and published in , contains a history of the diocese by the reverend benjamin h. paddock, afterward bishop of massachusetts, and a list of the rectors of st. andrew's, together with a brief chronology of events by the reverend professor george p. williams. a series of delightful reminiscences by the honorable c. c. trowbridge, containing much valuable information on the begin- vi st. andrew's church nings and early history of the diocese, was published in the reports of the michigan pioneer society, vol. ill, pp. - , under the title of "the episcopal church in michigan." for recent events the scrap book of hobart guild has proved useful. deeming it impracticable to cite specific references for every statement in the fol- lowing work, the author takes this occasion to state that he has been dependent, in vary- ing degrees, on each and all of the author- ities mentioned. for the earlier part he has been obliged to draw very freely at times on bishop gillespie, and if in places he seems to repeat what has already been so well done, his excuse is that it seemed necessary in the interests of completeness and unity, and desirable from the fact that the bishop's paper is published in a form not generally accessible to the members of the parish. the author, moreover, real- izes that his account will appear bare, im- .personal, and lacking in local color. but this is inevitable in the case of one who is comparatively a newcomer in the commu- arm arbor, michigan. vii nity, deprived of all the advantages of an- cestral connections and ancestral traditions in the field which he has been prevailed upon to enter. but as his work loses thus in vividness, he trusts that it may gain somewhat in impartiality and sense of per- spective; and, at least, the local records, so far as they are extant, have been faith- fully studied. the fact that some of them have per- ished should be an urgent reminder of the necessity of seeking to preserve memorials of the past, which increase in value with each passing year. local history in eng- land and on the continent has long been studied by trained and learned investiga- tors with steadily growing interest, and much matter of vast genealogical and insti- tutional importance has been in this way brought to light. our country is rela- tively so new and its local centers are so widely distributed and so infinitely great in number, that rarely will a single one, by itself alone, compare in significance with any in the old world. nevertheless, each viii st. andrew's church plays a part, if only a minor one, in the great drama of american history; and, therefore, the importance of preserving local records and putting together local annals cannot be too much insisted upon. it is to be hoped that the present study, humble as it is, may be an incitement to some parishes, hitherto negligent in their duty, to repair the fault before it is too late. in conclusion the author wishes to state his obligations to the many old residents of ann arbor and parishioners of st. an- drew's who have so generously assisted him; to miss corselius for many suggestions and additions, notably for the complete list of wardens, vestrymen, secretaries, and treasurers in appendix ii; to colonel dean and professor george w. patterson, for their kindness in reading proof; and, most particularly, to the rector, by whose ener- getic and efficient cooperation his task has been immeasurably lightened. arthur lyon cross. ann arbor, april, . contents. chapter j. page. the beginnings of the parish and the building of the first church chapter ii. the middle period, - chapter iii. the advent of dr. gillespie and the new church, - chapter iv. later years, the chapel, the new rectory, and harris hall, - appendices. i. rectors of st. andrew's church, - ii. wardens and vestrymen of st. an- drew's church iii. an act to incorporate the wardens and vestrymen of st. andrew's church of ann arbor iv. by-laws of st. andrew's church of ann arbor v. list of subscribers to the building of the present st. andrew's church vi. memorials in st. andrew's church vii. endowment funds of st. andrew's church viii. lectures delivered on the baldwin and slocum foundations index ix illustrations. page. st. andrew's church and chapel frontispiece. rev. john p. bausman rev. samuel marks rev. francis h. cuming i the old st. andrew's church rev. charles c. taylor rev. george p. williams rev. david f. lumsden s rev. george d. gillespie rev. wyllys hall st. andrew's church and rectory rev. samuel earp harris hall interior of st. andrew's church xi st. andrew's church trowbridge, "next to his bishop, . . . gratefully recognized as the father of his diocese," has touched somewhat on the early period in his genial history of the church in michigan, and the reverend dr. rufus w. clark, who has been investigat- ing the subject for some years, has recently published the results of his findings in his i annals of st. paul's church, detroit. a few facts, however, may be of interest in the present connection. the society for the propagation of the gospel sent the earliest missionaries into the field. in and , the rev. philip toosey and the rev. george mitchel came to detroit and, as dr. clark tells us, "formed the first organization of christian people worshipping in english west of the ohio." but nearly forty years had yet to elapse before a permanent church was established under a settled min- ister. during the interval there are traces of the occasional presence of a chaplain at the garrison at detroit, while the rev. richard pollard, missionary for the so- arm arbor, michigan. ciety at sandwich, on the canadian side of the detroit river, sometimes crossed to the american side in order to hold services and to perform other spiritual functions. as a rule, however, the offices of baptism, mar- riage and burial were perforce undertaken by the garrison commander. for a time, before the outbreak of the war of , some earnest church people in detroit seem to have provided for church services under a lay reader, and, in , they joined with the methodists and pres- byterians in a corporation formed under the name of " the first protestant society of the city of detroit," an organization that became strong enough by to build a small wooden church. the epis- copalians, who remained in this society till july, , employed a preacher of their own in , the rev. alanson welton. but this young man, a pupil of bishop hobart, from western new york, lived only three months after assuming his new charge, and it was not till three years after that a permanent pastor was secured. in st. andrew's church july, , mainly through the efforts of bishop hobart, the home and foreign missionary society sent the reverend rich- ard f. cadle to take up the work. in no- vember of this same year he organized st. paul's, detroit, the oldest episcopal parish in the present state of michigan. it was to this indefatigable missionary that st. andrew's, ann arbor, owes its origin. he is said to have visited the little village as early as or ; but it was not till or that the mission church was founded. unfortunately, the precise date is a matter of uncertainty. bishop gillespie, on the authority of gen- eral clark, fixes it in the spring of , while the washtenaw county history and the reverend george p. williams place it as early as the autumn of . a mo- tion of mr. jewett, entered in the vestry book, august, , establishes the fact that the by-laws were adopted april, , so that the formal organization of the parish must have been at least as early as this date. the name selected for the ann arbor, michigan. church might indicate that some prelimi- nary form of meeting may have been held on st. andrew's day of the previous au- tumn. among those present and taking part in the organization, whatever the date may have been, were: elisha belcher, ed- ward clark, andrew cornish, samuel denton, marcus lane and henry rumsey. legend has it that the name st. andrew's was suggested by general clark from the christian name of mr. cornish; but the likelihood is at least questionable. in , a plan seems to have been on foot to establish as missionary in this newly organized field a person selected by the members of the church as soon as he should be ordained. bishop gillespie has sug- gested that the person they had in mind was one merchant huxton, generally de- scribed as a candidate for orders, who read the service for some months in the early days. at length miss corselius has been able to throw some light on this rather shadowy personage. his name was hux- , ford. he was a harvard graduate, who st. andrew's church came out here in to visit his brother- in-law, captain goodrich. becoming much interested in the church, he frequently read service in the goodrich tavern. however, he never took clerical orders, and after- wards became a physician. apparently the project of getting a regular clergyman came to nothing for the moment, since miss lucy ann clark, though the service was read by a lay reader, had to be married by a justice of the peace, while miss corselius's father and mother were married by mr. gregory, a clergyman who happened to be visiting his brother at dexter. in , the reverend mr. bury, who succeeded mr. cadle at detroit, re- ports visiting ann arbor and preaching to a congregation of fifty in a brick building which he calls the "academy." this same year the first regular services began to be held by the reverend silas w. freeman, missionary to ann arbor, dexter and ypsi- lanti. he labored in the neighborhood for about three years, and appears to have de- voted himself to the work with much zeal. ann arbor, michigan. the names of the members of the con- gregation in these early years may not be without interest. so far as it has been pos- sible to collect them they are: mrs. hannah clark, her son edward clark, mrs. james kingsley, dr. philip brigham, william a. fletcher, henry rumsey, edward munday, matthew f. gregory, george w. jewett, george miles, robert s. wilson, andrew cornish, w. g. tuttle, gideon wilcoxson, zenas nash, charles tull, william g. brown, olney hawkins, david cleveland, samuel denton, e. piatt, a. piatt, elisha belcher, marcus lane, nathaniel noble. it is only from , when the earliest ex- tant parish records begin, that the list of communicants is complete and reliable. on the th april, , five years after the organization of the parish, the legislative council of the territory of michigan passed an "act to incorporate the wardens and vestrymen of st. andrew's church, ann | arbor." the act, printed in full in ap- pendix iii., names henry rumsey and william g. tuttle as wardens, and james st. andrew's church kingsley, a. bennet, philip brigham, am- brose bunnell," with their associates, as vestrymen. meantime, the diocese of michigan had been organized. the beginnings were slow and uncertain. mr. cadle, who came to detroit in , was, it would seem, for five years the only episcopal clergyman in the peninsula. but the church in this region was fortunate in arousing the interest of bishop hobart, who undertook the long and arduous journey from new york to detroit, in , to lay the cornerstone of st. paul's, and, in august of the follow- ing year, was zealous and courageous enough to come again to consecrate the edifice. by , after three or four more parishes had been founded, a sufficient num- ber of clergy were brought together to hold a convention. this body drew up a diocesan constitution at st. paul's, detroit, th september: in the following month, on application to the general convention, the organization was recognized, and mich- igan was added to the dioceses of the prot- ann arbor, michigan. estant episcopal church in the united states. on april, , the standing com- j mittee held its first meeting. after setting its house in order by taking measures "to clear the church from a prevailing charge of collusion with the heresy of universal- ism," it proceeded to put the diocese under the charge of bishop mcllvaine of ohio. at the first annual diocesan convention, held at monroe, may, , the bishop pre- sented a graphic account of the only visi- tation he ever made. arriving in detroit on the nineteenth of april, he started on his rounds two days later; but the expo- sure of the journey, culminating in the overturning of his carriage on his return from troy, brought on an attack of fever and ague which forced him to go back to ohio without even visiting dexter, ypsi- lanti, or ann arbor. the records of the monroe convention furnish a striking illustration of the small beginnings of the church in michigan. beside the bishop in charge, only three st. andrew's church clergymen were present: the reverend ad- dison searle, of st. paul's, detroit, who had been instituted by bishop mcllvaine on the twentieth of the preceding april; the reverend w. n. lyster, of st. peter's, tecumseh; and the reverend john o'brien, of trinity church, monroe. the rev- erend richard f. cadle, of the episcopal mission at green bay, and the reverend silas w. freeman, late of st. james' (now named st. luke's), ypsilanti, were called but did not answer to their names. reverend john o'brien notes in his re- port that he has spent some sundays in ann arbor, and the reverend mr. lyster states that since may, , he has visited the village four times, baptized six infants and one adult, and also administered the holy communion. the lay delegates from ann arbor at this convention were: george w. jewett, henry rumsey and charles w. tull, with william j. brown and philip brigham as alternates. apparently the first two gentlemen named were present. the next annual convention met at i rev. john p. bausman st. andrew's church $ has been subscribed, and the delight- ful hope was entertained that before this period the work would have been consider- ably advanced. this hope has not been realized, and "when the headstone shall be brought forth with shoutings, grace, grace unto it, is altogether uncertain." a sun- day school has been established; but owing to a variety of circumstances is not flourish- ing. the number of communicants at his arrival in august was fifteen, since then he has added five, making a total of twenty. in addition he has celebrated three bap- tisms, three marriages, and conducted seven funerals. the great business of this convention of was to choose a bishop. the four clergymen present, together with the lay delegates from the six parishes, at first fixed upon the reverend henry j. white- house of. rochester, new york, who was duly elected. he having declined in a letter dated july, a special convention met on the twenty-fifth of november at st. paul's, detroit. owing to one removal st. andrew's church mends the parish for its zeal in under- taking to construct a "neat and commo- dious" church edifice, which he states will be ready in the spring for consecration. as a matter of fact, however, this desir- able event did not take place for more than two years. the bishop held his services in the sunday school room in the basement, and, although he notes that the parish has suffered for want of a settled pastor, he had a reasonably large congregation, especially in the afternoon. things were beginning to look up owing to the assiduity of the new rector, rev. samuel marks, who, ac- companying the bishop from philadelphia, had entered upon his duties early in sep- tember. according to a letter from which bishop gillespie cites, mr. marks found, on his arrival, that the church was but just enclosed, and " the basement was filled with shavings and boards, and brickbats "; but "these were cleared away, and a floor laid, and you would have smiled at the primitive- ness of my pulpit." extracts from his two reports should be quoted for the light rev. samuel marks ann arbor, michigan. they throw on the conditions of the time and the character of the man. in that of october, , he says: "at ann arbor i found sixteen communicants; five have been added since i came. i cannot close my re- port without the remark that i have reason to bless god for having led me by his prov- idence into this new and rapidly increasing diocese. too often the minister of the gospel is left to grapple with poverty, and to groan under the care of an increasing family. here, to the praise of our parish- ioners be it spoken, these fears are removed, and those complaints silenced. nothing has been left undone by the people of my parish and others to raise my spirits and to spur me on to the faithful performance of my duty. these remarks are not made with a view to flatter, but to encourage the laborer to sow in hope and the laity to con- tinue in well-doing." in his report for the following year he says: "until we could procure the base- ment story of the church, we were subjected to much inconvenience, and somewhat re- st. andrew's church tarded in our progress. i found but few attached to the church from enlightened belief that the ministry, doctrine and dis- cipline were according to the scriptures and apostolic times. in fact, my prospect was dim and my congregation few in num- ber. my head hung down and my heart was discouraged. honor to the sacred name of god, the prospects of my parish have brightened, the house is full, and my person is well sustained. i can truly say that the lines have fallen to me in pleasant places. it was expected that our church would be consecrated at this convention, but owing to adverse circumstances it must be delayed to the middle of november next. the room of our edifice will accommodate about three hundred, and for neatness we think will not be exceeded by any in our vil- lage. it gives me great pleasure to say that between the members of our own church and other societies there exists the kindest of feeling. it is with pleasure i add that, connected with the church is a sunday schoool well indoctrinated. com- rev. francis h. cuming ann arbor, michigan. municants, twenty-six; marriages, six; fu- nerals, eleven." in this patient and hopeful pastor resigned. going from ann arbor to clinton, he removed three or four years later to huron, ohio, to assume the rectorate of christ church, where on the humble salary of $ a year he served for over a quarter of a century. he was one of the most welcome visitors at the conse- cration of the present church edifice in . mr. marks was succeeded by the rev- erend francis h. cuming. arriving in october, he was instituted, november, , by bishop mccoskry on the same day that the new church was consecrated. from mr. cuming's report to the board which commissioned him, bishop gillespie has reprinted the following extracts, which sketch a vivid picture of the new rector's first impressions: "the congregation is a highly respectable one. as to size, it bears a fair proportion to others in villages of the same class with that in which this would be ranked. myself and family have been treated with much kindness by the inhabi- st. andrew's church tants of the village generally. the village is healthy and beautifully situated, inhab- ited by an enterprising and intelligent peo- ple and is fast rising into consequence." he reports the number of communicants as about fifty-four, which, if correct, marks a relatively striking increase within two years. in his annual address to the convention, held - june, , the bishop, in alluding to the recent consecration, states that the congregation have sold the pews subject to an annual rent, and have given up the "miserable system heretofore pursued of relying upon subscriptions. . . . this," he continues, "is the only proper plan, and tends to make the pastor independent and his labors profitable. nothing has given me more anxiety, in reference to the success of the church at various points, than the wretched plan of supporting the pastor by subscriptions. it trammels him in the performance of his duty, and puts it in the power of the ungodly completely to defeat his ministrations. i never consider the arm arbor, michigan. church as established where this system pre- vails." the same address contains an in- teresting reference to the infant university: "and here i would beg to notice," says the bishop, "the praiseworthy efforts of the regents of our state university. in every instance, i believe, they have ap- pointed professedly religious men to take charge of the branches of the university, and also have provided that every day's duties shall be commenced with prayer and reading a portion of the holy scriptures." at last, after a period of uncertain wan- derings, the congregation of st. andrew's was settled in a permanent home. the various places of worship before the church was finally built cannot be fixed with cer- tainty: at least the accounts are somewhat conflicting, and no means of satisfactory verification are open to the present writer. without attempting to reconcile the seem- ing discrepancies, it may perhaps be well to state, as they are given, the different accounts of the journeyings of the congre- gation. st. andrew's church the ground now belonging to st. an- drew's formed originally a part of a quar- ter section purchased of the united states by john allen, in . from time to time he disposed of various portions to different persons. among them was george cor- selius, who, in , conveyed an acre to st. andrew's, giving a warranty deed recorded on the day of conveyance. seven years later the church purchased of john allen and william s. maynard another strip, south of the acre already owned. this lat- ter strip had six rods frontage on division street and, joining mr. maynard's land on the south, ran east twenty-six and two- thirds rods. the present church and chapel are in this strip, while the rectory stands on the site of the old church, on the piece originally purchased. the michigan whig for april, , contains the following interesting adver- tisement concerning the building materials for st. andrew's: "the estimate of timber having been made, this is to give notice that any person who may be desirous of furnish- st. andrew's church known liberality of st. paul's church in detroit, and they take this method, through their pastor, the rev. mr. bausman, to declare their wants, in the hope that their expectations will not be disappointed. feb- ruary, ." the paper contains a list of twenty-four names, whose total subscrip- tion aggregates $ , headed by general c. c. trowbridge with $ . general trowbridge, it is interesting to note, was the first to respond to bishop gillespie's appeal for subscriptions from detroit toward students' pews for the new church over thirty years later. the $ , from ann arbor plus the $ from outside corresponds roughly with the $ , men- tioned by mr. bausman in his report to the convention of already alluded to. an interesting description of the old church as it appeared about the middle of the century may be found in a letter, quoted by miss corselius, from mrs. fennel (formerly miss jessie clark), of linden, california. standing at some elevation from the street, it was approached by a ann arbor, michigan. flight of twenty steps. the edifice was surmounted by a belfry, later provided with a bell, which was procured mainly through the kindness of volney chapin and judge kingsley, who went security for the requisite amount—$ . by ac- tion of the vestry, november, , and january, , these two gentlemen were given the subscriptions and pew rents in addition till they were reimbursed. during the period of building, the base- ment, as we have seen, was used for ser- vices; but subsequently it was let to one mr. branigan for a school. mr. bran- igan, a queer irishman, according to col- onel dean, one of his pupils, performed the duties of janitor by way of rent. it was only after the lapse of some years that the church was adorned with white paint and green blinds. the interior arrangements were as old-fashioned and primitive as one would expect. there was a high pulpit and reading desk, each provided with black cushions decorated with yellow cord and tassels. pulpit and desk were lighted by ann arbor, michigan. plan for warming the church, with full dis- cretionary power." this, too, seems to have proved inadequate, for, in , a con- tract was awarded to dudley and holmes to put in a furnace for $ . this same year the present organ was built by f. g. merritt, of detroit, at a cost of $ , . there was no font until one was provided by the sunday school after the advent of bishop gillespie. mrs. kingsley gave the first white linen cloth for the communion table, and from the rector's report of we learn that "the ladies of the parish have, by most untiring exertions, succeeded in raising money enough, principally by means of the needle, to procure a handsome communion set." he adds that " probably there are not to-day six communion sets in the diocese." the vestry room was in a small building to the left of the church. many years ago it was merged into the kitchen of the wil- coxson house, and has since been torn down. the church was lowered and extended in , and still further enlarged and im- st. andrew's church proved in . after the present edifice was built, the old church continued to be used as a chapel till . at that time the front, with the little room over the ves- tibule, added at the time of the second alter- ation, was sold to mr. stahler, who tore it down and removed the heavy timbers to his farm. the rear now forms a part of mr. ross's carpenter shop on the opposite side of the street. such was the old church and its appointments, a description of which has led us beyond the chronological limits set for this chapter. chapter ii. the middle period, - . ihe five years of mr. cuming's rec- torate, to return from this digres- sion, were marked by a steady and encouraging growth in temporal and spir- itual concerns, a growth interrupted by only two vicissitudes. in , miss cor- selius states that st. andrew's was sold on a mortgage, the sheriff's foreclosure being for $ . , and that mr. volney chapin and judge kingsley advanced the money to pay the debt. since the vestry records do not reach back that far, and since there is a gap in the annual reports from to , we have but scanty evidence for the financial condition of this period. how- ever serious the situation may have been, it passed the critical stage in , for mr. cuming reports that the temporal affairs are in a much better condition than they have ever been; that a debt of $ , has st. andrew's church been liquidated by the efforts of the parish alone; and that a parsonage costing $ is nearly finished; while $ has been con- tributed for benevolent purposes. he hopes that there has been a corresponding im- provement in spiritual things. "our ser- vices have been well attended, and with marked seriousness on the part of the con- gregation generally." he has conducted missionary services in many taverns and villages in the state, though st. luke's, ypsilanti, until recently under his charge, now has a rector. the bishop's statements in his annual address are equally encouraging: " it gives me much pleasure to state," he says, "that this church, also, has been entirely relieved from debt, and has disposed of its pews in such a manner as to secure for its pastor a competent support. in addition to this i record with the greatest pleasure that the parish have nearly completed a beautiful parsonage house for their rector. as might naturally be expected, i am also per- mitted to notice the prosperous condition ann arbor, michigan. of this parish in a spiritual point of view. their rector, the reverend mr. cuming, has indeed been 'instant in season and out of season,' and the happy state of his parish must prove that god will not long permit faithfulness to go unrewarded, how- ever severe may be the trials which for a time he laid upon his servants." evidently the double strain of building a church and a parsonage one after the other had been successfully met. it was during this same year that the church was partially destroyed by fire, but the loss was more than made up by the lib- erality of the congregation, generously as- sisted by friends in the east, whom mr. cuming succeeded in interesting. "at the time of my visitation," said the bishop in his address of , "it was entirely repaired and such improvements made as to rank it among the most beautiful edifices in the west." among other changes, the old organ, not the present one, was rebuilt, and the pulpit and desk were moved to give room for four more pews. the rector, ann arbor, michigan. $ [$ ?]; charles tull, lumber, $ ; w. m. sinclair, goods or lumber, $ ; james orr, $ ; l. stillson, goods, notes, or store pay, $ ; j. wallon, store pay or cash, $ ; eben wells, note or store pay, $ ; willard parker, glass, $ ; john branigan, labor, $ ; sam. baldry, labor, $ ; wm. g. tuttle, work, $ ; h. good- speed, store pay, $ ; d. cleaveland, work, $ ; g. w. jewett, work or store pay, $ ; robert clark, goods or note, $ ; e. mundy, lime or note, $ ; j. h. lund, lumber, $ ; e. r. everest, shoes, $ ; dan. w. kellogg, $ ; j. c. mundy, lum- ber, $ ; w. f. brown, store pay, $ ; john s. reade, store pay, $ ; shepherd, glazing, $ ; thomas butler, lumber, $ ; david page, lumber, $ ; w. w. green, work, $ ." the total pledged by these thirty-three subscribers was $ . the last considerable improvement during mr. cuming's term was a fence around the church lot, for which $ was collected in - . apparently still further changes on the church were contemplated, for at a st. andrew's church vestry meeting of april, , on the motion of g. w. jewett, it was "resolved, that the rector be authorized to extend the present limits of the church edifice: provided, he does not thereby involve the corporation in any expense, and provided further, that if any surplus means are ac- quired in consequence of the extension, they shall be placed in the hands of the treasurer for the general uses of the society." for the time, however, the project seems to have come to nothing. in this year, apparently for the first time, the diocesan convention met in ann arbor, with g. w. jewett, g. p. williams, and j. h. lund as delegates. in spite of the generally favorable esti- mation in which he seems to have been held, mr. cuming was unable to escape opposi- tion altogether. at a meeting of the vestry, held july, , a paper, signed by george miles and other pew-holders, was submitted in which they stated it as their opinion "that the welfare of the said church will not be promoted by the contin- uance as rector of the present incumbent." ann arbor, michigan. since no reasons were given, the vestry asked that they be furnished before july. at the same meeting the rector was asked for his accounts as collector of assessments, none having been rendered for several years. on the thirty-first of july, miles and six others presented a document formulating the reasons for their previous action. whatever they may have been, for they are not recorded, the board decided by an overwhelming vote of to that they were insufficient. at this meeting mr. cuming submitted a report of his accounts, and a committee was appointed to audit them. by a resolution of the board made december, , the rector had been given by way of salary all the pew rents under $ . the audit, recorded au- gust, disclosed the fact that he had $ . still due him, which he not only relinquished but paid some contingent expenses besides. whether the attack on him, successfully as it had been met, determined mr. cuming to seek another charge, is uncertain. at any rate, september, , he announced his resignation in the following letter: st. andrew's church to the wardens and vestrymen of st. andrew's church, ann arbor. gentlemen: having received an invitation to the rectorship of st. mark's church, grand rapids, under circumstances which induce me to believe it is the will of provi- dence i ought not to decline it, i herewith very respectfully tender my resignation of the rectorship of st. andrew's church, ann arbor, to take effect at the expiration of the present year of my engagement with the parish. with my fervent prayer that in all their deliberations and acts the members of the corporation, with which i have now been associated for nearly five years, may be guided by wisdom from above, and that the parish may enjoy peace and prosperity, i am, gentlemen, your affectionate friend and pastor, f. h. cuming. while deeming it their duty to assent, the vestry recorded their attachment to him and their appreciation of his services in this resolution: "whereas, the reverend f. h. cuming has, by his zeal and his efforts since his connection with our parish, been eminently ann arbor, michigan. successful in the promotion of its prosper- ity, devoting his time, his talents and his substance to that object—possessing as he does the strong attachment of very many of his parishioners, who feel a deep interest in his and his very interesting family's wel- fare, we deeply regret that any reasons exist in his mind which are deemed of suffi- cient weight and importance to determine him to resign the situation he has so use- fully occupied, and the duties which he has so faithfully discharged." at the same time, an address to mr. cum- ing, in the form of a letter, was approved by the board, who voted to present him with a certified copy of the resolution quoted above, together with the letter. the letter, too long to quote, may be found in full in the vestry book. it recalls in detail what he had accomplished during his five years of service, in freeing the church from debt, securing a parsonage, raising money to repair the losses of the fire, in adding to the numbers, and in deepening the spiritual life of the congregation. altogether, it pays a glowing tribute to his achievements both in temporal and religious things. the ann arbor, michigan. ing the year was entitled to vote. rates of payment were correspondingly small. the organist was allowed $ for her services; in , george bailey and his son were en- gaged as sexton and organ-blower at a salary of $ for both. when, on april, , it was resolved to invite the reverend w. n. lyster to assume the rec- torate, he was offered "a salary of not less than $ per annum with the use of the parsonage." on his declining, the rev- erend charles c. taylor, of rhode island, was called on the same terms, and entered upon his duties july. harris, how- ever, whose lease did not expire till the fol- lowing october, refused to leave the par- sonage. in consequence, a house on ann street was hired of leo ward for three months at $ . a week, and on the seventh of august mr. taylor's salary was fixed at $ for the ensuing year, exclusive of the parsonage. mr. taylor was twice rector of st. an- drew's, the period of his first encumbency extending to . in his first report he ann arbor, michigan. faith; and while the billows of disorganiza- tion have swelled high and dashed angrily around, the lamb of god, that taketh away the sins of the world, hath granted us his peace." mr. taylor, who was noted in the community as a man of learning, was ap- parently equally strong in his orthodoxy; for we find him making the following entry in his parish register, february, : "baptized, at the house of her mother, . . . a young woman sick with consumption. she had been educated in the errors of the bap- tists." even as late as , under mr. gillespie, a lady belonging to a well known family was removed and was declared " lia- ble to suspension for heresy (unitarian- ism)." mr. taylor's reports are steadily en- couraging. in , he states that, besides paying in advance most of the current ex- penses of the year, the parish has raised $ for additional land to improve the church; $ for a well at the rectory; $ for improvements on the edifice and organ. in addition they have begun building a new st. andrew's church fence about the church, at a cost probably of $ , and have raised $ for missionary and other religious purposes. they have recently adopted the plan of weekly collec- tions in the sunday school. it is encour- aging to learn that the "church building is quite too small to accommodate all who apply for pews," and still more pleasant to hear that the congregation are "of one spirit and of one mind, striving together for the faith of the gospel." in the course of the parochial year — , about $ was raised for improve- ments, and the rector in describing the con- dition of his charge again employs the favorite figure of "dew" as contrasted with "outpourings " of divine grace. he calls attention to the fact that "the num- ber of families connected with the parish has increased during the year past, and the demand for more and better accommoda- tions for the comfort and convenience of those who wish to attend our services, is every day becoming more urgent." he takes occasion to express his thankfulness ann arbor, michigan. to individuals of his parish " for many acts of liberal and unexpected benefaction to himself and family," and states that "the prospects of the parish have never been more encouraging." year after year, however, money had to be raised for repairs and the need for better accommodations was urged in vain, not only by the rector, but by the bishop. in , it is recorded that the congregation had doubled in the last four years, and in the following year the rector ventured to assert that it could be redoubled in a short time, if additional sittings could be obtained. during the years , , , , there is a blank in the minutes of the vestry, so that we have practically nothing to supplement mr. taylor's annual reports to the conven- tion. in the spring of , he notes that "during the past year the parish has suf- fered severely from the prevalence of an unusual, alarming and fatal disease. some of our most efficient members have been re- moved from the church militant and their st. andrew's church spirits enrolled with the just in the heav- enly paradise." possibly this may have been the cholera. from the absence of any further mention of the subject in the annual reports the epidemic seems to have spent itself in this year; but as late as we find this record in the parish register: "died, a young man by the name of hall, supposed by his friends to have had the cholera—was buried before light the same night he died—a sermon was preached ap- propriate to the occasion on sunday, au- gust ." in this year the records in the vestry book are resumed, and under date of april we find the following entry: "resolved, that rev. c. c. taylor be and is hereby authorized and requested by this board to visit the eastern states, at any time convenient to himself, for the purpose of a parochial school in this parish, pro- vided the same meet with the approval of the bishop, and subject to such arrange- ments as may be agreed upon between the miss corselius states that it was an epidemic of fever, something like meningitis. the great cholera epidemic was, of course, in . ann arbor, michigan. parish and the convention of the state, relative to the change thereof into a dio- cesan school." apparently this interest- ing project came to nothing. although in this year the rector looks forward to a time not far distant when they can apply some money to the building of a new church, the financial situation seems to have become, for the moment, acute. in the spring of , he was obliged to report that a debt has for sometime past been accumulating and at present amounts to $ or $ , " and has, at last, assumed such a form that it can no longer be neglected without great peril to the pros- perity of the parish." however, there is a unanimous resolve that the next year it shall be fully paid. one favorable indi- cation is that the congregation is prompt in paying the rector's salary, at this time $ . during the previous year the par- sonage had been sold to mr. ladd, and the payment, amply secured or invested, was to be held in readiness for a new building when needed. the reasons given for the st. andrew's church sale were, that the house was in need of repairs, that it was not conveniently lo- cated, and that it was not occupied by the rector. within the year the congregation was more than ordinarily diminished by re- movals. one was "repelled and the names of two others erased for a neglect of all public duties of religion. it is probable that, by another year, five or more other names will, for the same cause, be stricken from the list of communicants." curiously enough, in spite of the urgent debt the rector remarks: "the current income of the parish, available and reliable (i have been informed) has never been so great as at present." on the tenth of november, , mr. taylor resigned the rectorship of st. an- drew's to assume the presidency of st. mark's school, grand rapids, and the office of missionary in kent county. he seems to have been very much attached to his ann arbor congregation and to have made the change more to meet the wishes ! > i i rev. david f. lumsden ann arbor, michigan. \ removal to kalamazoo. he must have been a man of great versatility, uniting the oc- cupations of preacher, scholar and farmer. unfortunately the present writer has not had the advantage of examining the dis- course delivered at his burial by the rev- erend d. t. grinnell, in which his character and work were described. the statistics of his pastorate at ann arbor, given in his final report to the convention, are: mar- riages, ; burials, ; confirmations, ; baptisms, , of which were adults and infants; contributions for religious and benevolent purposes, aside from those for the payment of the debt, salaries and incidental expenses, $ , . after a vacancy of nearly a year, during which the reverend a. s. hollister sup- plied part of the time, the reverend david s. lumsden, of connecticut, was called, and entered upon his duties march, , although according to the vestry minutes he preached his first sermon march. originally offered $ a year, with $ for transporting himself and family to the st. andrew's church have been three hundred persons connected with the university, and it is sad to think that the church has made no provision for their instruction in holy things." for some reason or another the project of rebuilding was given up, and, april, , the vestry passed a resolution em- powering the building committee to make plans and contracts for additions to the existing church. possibly the extra ex- penses of the year may have influenced the decision. on the twenty-fourth of march the rec- tor's salary was increased to $ , june the specifications for the new organ, en- tered in detail in the vestry book under that date, were received, and september the contract for new furnaces was awarded. besides the putting in of the new organ and furnaces, the church was let down two feet and enlarged, and the lot was fenced in. as to the cost the rector states in a report to the convention in : "i cannot state what our expenses have been, since our bills are not yet settled; but our liabilities seem ann arbor, michigan. to be between $ , and $ , , the organ and furniture included." of this the ladies furnished nearly $ for the organ and $ for lamps. ranging beyond these business details, the rector indulges in another of his flights of pessimistic elo- quence. "but," he says, "the spiritual condition of a church is the momentous object for the pastor. . . . the harvest indeed is white, as the promise is abundant, but the return is meagre save in the depart- ment of death." a subscription list dated march, , containing a sketch of the projected improvements is worth quoting at some length. "the undersigned being desirous," it says, "of repairing the edifice in the city of ann arbor, known as st. andrew's church, letting down the same two feet or more, building a large addition thereto, and fencing the lot, hereby agree to pay to the wardens and vestrymen of st. andrew's church at ann arbor the sums set opposite their respective names, on instalments, as the same may be needed and called for by reso- ann arbor, michigan. ing under him, and that, if the same are not paid punctually, all the right, title and in- terest acquired by such purchaser and cer- tificate may be declared forfeited, the occu- pant turned out the possession, and the seat again sold by the vestrymen for the benefit of the church, provided, that, if any owner of a seat shall give the use of the same to the church for a year or from year to year, he shall not be liable for any such taxes or assessments during the year or years the use of the same shall be given to the church. the subscriptions shall be recorded in the record of the society, in order to be preserved as a matter of evi- dence and as an agreement between the church of the one part and the subscribers respectively of the other part. estimated expenses, three thousand dollars, $ , ." then follow thirty-three names whose total subscriptions amount to $ . they are: e. c. seaman (in case the branch form of addition be adopted $ , other- wise $ ), $ ; c. h. millen, $ ; v. chapin, $ ; wm. l. loomis, $ ; l. r. [bachan?], $ ; a. h. lund, $ ; a. f. schmidt, $ ; h. rumsey, $ ; h. i. beakes, $ ; wm. finley, $ ; e. welles, st. andrew's church $ ; a. b. wood, $ ; c. thornton, $ ; i. s. pierson, $ ; t. w. root, $ ; j. n. gott, $ ; james kingsley, $ ; geo. danforth, $ ; c. h. vandon, $ ; thos. edwards, $ ; wm. m. sinclair, $ ; robt. j. barry, $ ; mrs. sophia page, $ ; dr. palmer, $ ; wm. d. briggs, $ ; c. chapin, $ ; b. lichner, $ ; j. c. mcmaster, $ ; h. s. friese, $ ; e. r. tremain, $ ; dr. douglas, $ ; h. w. welles, $ ; professor fasquelle, $ . at a meeting of the vestry on january, , twenty-two pews were sold, ten at $ each; four at $ ; seven at $ , and one at $ . bishop gillespie, in discussing the advis- ability of enlarging or rebuilding at this time, regards it as extremely fortunate for the parish that the former policy was adopted. owing to the difficulty of raising money and owing to the inferior style of architecture then prevailing, it would have been impossible to secure an edifice equal to the present one. in the vestry book for april, , there is a list of ann arbor, michigan. pews assessed with the amounts on each. numbers to , - , - , - are rated at $ each; , , , , , at $ ; , , , , at $ ; , , , , , , , at $ ; , , , at $ ; , at $ ; , , , , , , , , at $ ; , , , at $ ; , , , at $ ; , at $ ; , , , at $ . it was further or- dered that those not already taken be sold at auction, the highest bidders to be given the choice of seats and the remainder to be rented at the assessed annual value. the improvements seem to have been a heavy strain on the resources of the parish, as appears from the following entry, july, : " st. andrew's church of ann arbor being embarrassed with numerous debts, amounting in the aggregate to more than $ , and about four hundred and thirty dollars over and above the present available assets of the church, we, the un- dersigned members of the congregation, for the purpose of relieving the church of its most pressing debts and embarrassments, st. andrew's church severally promise and agree to pay the treasurer of said church the several sums set opposite our names respectively, on con- dition that the sum of $ at least shall be subscribed by responsible persons; and these subscriptions shall not take effect and be payable until such sum or more shall be subscribed." the twenty-seven appended subscriptions range from $ to $ each. on the same day on which this proposition is recorded, the vestry issued a printed circular, to "respectfully call the atten- tion of the members of the congregation to the financial condition of the church, and the necessity of making provision for the payment of its debts." among the items of indebtedness specified, there was due mr. wagner, the former sexton, $ ; mr. toms, the present sexton, $ ; the rector for one quarter's salary and the un- paid balance of another's, $ . ; due the diocese, $ , for three years' assessments, , , , less $ paid in june, . the remainder of the $ is owing for lumber, glass and other materials used ann arbor, michigan. in the repair of the church. the resources to meet these obligations are about $ , chiefly unpaid pew rents. the remainder of the circular is quoted in order to show what urgent language the vestry had to make use of even in those days. "in addition to the above," they say, "mr. jordan has a claim against the church of over $ , which is now in suit, and on which he may or may not recover judgment. "the sundry collections have been tri- fling in amount, quite too small to pay for fuel, lights, the services of the organ boy, insurance and other incidental ex- penses, and the diocesan assessments, which amount in the aggregate to over two hun- dred dollars per year. "the annual assessment of the diocese is to defray the annual expenses of the con- vention, to pay the traveling expenses of the bishop, etc., etc.; and we submit to the good sense of the congregation if it is cred- itable to allow such expenses to remain un- paid, and to accumulate from year to year. the present sexton is a poor man, and so was the former one, and yet their salaries for nearly two years are in arrears and ann arbor, michigan. few more devoted members who began the subscription; for, in , the rector re- ports: "we have paid all our indebtedness for the new church, so that we are now free of debt." during the course of the ensuing year the arrears in the assessment was paid to the convention. in view of the brighter financial pros- pects various new projects were under- taken. on the seventh of april, , $ , insurance was put upon the church and $ , on the organ. at the same meeting, a committee was appointed to take into consideration the expediency of erect- ing a parsonage on the church grounds. three weeks later, it was resolved to build, and to raise a sum not exceeding $ , by a mortgage on the lot and church, if necessary. the interest, it is curious to note, was not to exceed per cent. the undertaking never got very far; for, may, the rector sent a letter to the board requesting that the whole matter be dropped in consideration of the opposition of certain persons in whose friendship and r ann arbor, michigan. seven, and although the finances were at a low ebb, he reported: "the prospects of this parish were never brighter; . . . the time is not far distant when this must, from the nature of the case, became a strong point in the diocese. young men come here from all parts of the union, and many go away with the prejudice removed (with which they come) against the church." perhaps he was anticipating the extraor- dinary increase of the next year when sixty- five persons were confirmed. the bishop was obliged to come twice, and notes that on his first visit, march, , "many persons were prevented from attending the service, as the crowd was so great that the church edifice was not sufficient for their accommodation." owing to the number of students to be cared for, he expresses the opinion, often heard before and since, that it should concern the whole diocese to pro- vide increased accommodations. but, al- though the church continued to increase steadily, the record for this year was ab- normal, a local manifestation of a revival ann arbor, michigan. ; increase of communicants from to . no data exist from which the amount of contributions can be accurately determined. the bishop says, apropos of mr. lumsden's removal: " since my visita- tion the rector, after seven years of labor- ious and active duties, has resigned the church of this parish. to him we are indebted for the neat church edifice, and the many evidences of taste in and around the building, and i hope also, for the addi- tion of many to the fold of christ. if he leaves the diocese, i hope he will find a large field of usefulness in which his labors will be appreciated and blessed." t chapter iii. the advent of de. gillespie and the new church. - . the reverend george d. gillespie took charge of the parish oc- tober, . in the interval be- tween the rectorates, we have one parochial report from mr. j. m. wheeler, then senior warden, but it contains nothing worthy of note except the fact that the church had been painted inside and out, at a cost of $ . bishop gillespie, with becoming modesty, says very little of his own long and important rectorate. ex- tending over a period of nearly fourteen years, it is, with the exception of mr. tat- lock's, the longest in the history of the parish. to be sure, his historical address was delivered in , in the middle of his term; but it was not published till , over ten years after he had left ann arbor, to become bishop of western michigan. he rev. george d. gillespie ann arbor, michigan. does, however, mention a few of the changes in which he had a hand. the great achieve- ment of his term was the building of the present church edifice. aside from that, we learn that the old building was twice enlarged between and ; these im- provements involved an expenditure of about $ , and consisted in removing the organ from between the doors, improving the chancel and building the porch. new chancel chairs were purchased at a cost of $ . , the sunday school raised $ . for a font, furnaces costing $ were put in, and in a floating debt of $ was paid. the details of the bishop's rectorate are chiefly to be gathered from the minutes of the vestry book, from various newspaper cuttings, from printed circulars, and from the annual reports to the convention. mr. gillespie was rector at palmyra, new york, when the call to ann arbor came au- gust, , at a salary of $ , . on the second of september he wrote the following letter to mr. millen, which is quoted for the st. andrew's church light which it throws on the character of the man who was to serve st. andrew's so long and faithfully. "yours of august ," he says, "reached me thirtieth, via syracuse. in reply to the resolutions of the wardens and vestry- men of st. andrew's church, ann arbor, inviting me to the rectorship, i was grat- ified with the confidence implied in making a unanimous call without personal ac- quaintance. "i deem it, however, due to the parish and myself that i should not give an an- swer until i have visited the parish and conf erred with the vestry. i propose, there- fore, to visit you this week and remain over next tuesday. my present plans will bring me to ann arbor on friday." the visit was mutually satisfactory, and, after his return to palmyra, mr. gillespie accepted the charge in a letter which is transcribed in full from the vestry minutes. "after earnest consideration, and acting i trust under divine direction, i have deter- mined to accept the call tendered me to the charge as rector of the parish under your care. in accepting your call, i am severing ann arbor, michigan. very tender ties and relinquishing a posi- tion which i have held with happiness and blessing. "my motive in assuming the charge of your parish is, through the blessing of god, of bringing the parish to favorable comparison with the size of the population and to the position the church should hold in regard to the educational institution of your city. i need scarcely remind you how much depends upon 'unity of spirit and bond of peace,' with the healthy coop- eration of the parishioners. "my relatives residing in new york city, it will be necessary for me to be absent for a month during the summer. . . . "allow me to suggest the propriety of the vestry discharging any parish indebt- edness, to give the better opportunity for future exertions." acting on this recommendation, a three- year note was executed, april, , for $ at per cent., in order to pay the existing indebtedness! having already touched on the various undertakings of this period it may be well to treat some of them at more length. october, , it was reported that $ . ann arbor, michigan. ments is about five hundred dollars; it is rare that so much in the way of utility and appearance are secured at so small an ex- penditure." at the annual easter meeting, the rec- tor's salary was increased from $ to $ , and, at the same time, the assessment on pews was raised. the reasons for the latter step were the growth of contingent expenses, and the fact that the pew rents of st. andrew's were as low if not lower than those of any church in the city. the annual assessments on the pews at this time ranged from $ to $ ; but about one third were assessed at the maximum figure, and only a very few were under $ . at about this time, also, we learn from the by-laws that the qualifications for voting were made higher than ever before. hence- forth they were: any male person over years of age and a stated attendant on church services who, for six months preced- ing the election, had owned or rented a pew or slip or half of one and paid all assess- ments, or any such person who has contrib- ann arbor, michigan. mined to appoint a committee to see if they could not sell the land south of the church for not less than $ . but on the sixth of march, when the question was submitted to the congregation, is was lost by a vote of to . accordingly, the new edifice was built on the original lot south of the old church. after deciding upon a site, efforts were at once made to raise money for building, and by june, , as we learn from an itemized list in the vestry book, $ , had been subscribed. having estimated that a church such as they desired would cost $ , , it was decided to build only the nave for the present, at a cost of $ , . the subscriptions were to be pay- able in six, fifteen, and twenty-four months, respectively. on the second of july, the vestry definitely resolved to lay the founda- tion during the summer or fall, provided that assurances could be secured from the architect and responsible builders that a nave of suitable accommodations could be built for $ , . meantime, the rector st. andrew's church having received a call, $ , . additional was subscribed on condition that he with- draw his resignation. at the same meeting at which this proposition was announced, the finances were put under the charge of mr. j. m. wheeler. the rector, dr. douglas, messrs. wheeler, c. h. millen, and d. h. henning were made a building committee, and it was resolved to accept the plans and specifications of g. w. lloyd, of detroit. a scheme for the collection of subscriptions was arranged as follows: per cent. of each was to be paid on no- vember, ; per cent. on april, ; per cent. on july, ; per cent. on october, , and the balance on july, . building was soon begun, and the corner- stone was laid on monday, june, , at . p. m. in the absence of the bishop, who had gone to the western part of the state, after the annual convention at kala- mazoo, the rector officiated. a clipping from the american churchman, pasted in the vestry book, gives a full description of st. andrew's church the university of michigan for ; ann arbor papers; detroit papers, with the proceedings of the late convention, a brief historical notice of ann arbor prepared by mr. edward clark; a parcel of coins and specimens of fractional currency; and a prayer book. on concluding the services proper to laying the cornerstone with singing gloria in excelsis, the congregation returned to the church, where addresses were delivered by reverend b. h. paddock, of christ church, detroit; reverend t. c. pitkin, st. paul's, detroit; and reverend j. j. mccook, st. john's, detroit. services were closed with hymn , from hymns ancient and modern, and prayer by rev- erend g. e. peters, st. peter's, detroit. the church and scaffolding about the stone were decorated with flowers. the stone was given by the sunday school, and a small block of marble was inserted above it in- scribed with the verse luke, viii., , as the rector said, " in token that we here erect a church as for ourselves, for our children, ann arbor, michigan. and to be a sign and token, so long as these walls shall stand, that st. andrew's church is for the instruction, the worship, the edifi- cation of children, and that all its ministra- tions and privileges are for all ages, for all sorts and conditions of men, without any difference or inequality." at the time of the laying of the corner- stone, the subscriptions had reached $ ,- , of which $ , . had been paid in. in his annual report for june, , the rector announces that the new church will be ready in a few months. the entire cost, by this time swelled to $ , , had been provided for, and, moreover, practically the whole amount had been raised in the parish, although three detroit churches, christ's church, st. john's, and st. paul's, contrib- uted, $ , $ , and $ , respectively, for student pews, to be rent free. the church was finally consecrated novem- ber, , by bishop mccoskry, whose cer- tificate to that effect may be found pasted in the pages of the vestry book. st. andrew's church the following account of the ceremony is quoted from a contemporary paper: the consecration services of the new church were held on wednesday morning, november th. the clergy entered in procession, preceded by the bishops of michigan and illinois, and followed by the vestry, repeating the appointed psalm. the instrument of donation was read by the senior warden, mr. j. m. wheeler, the sentence of consecration by the rector. after the consecration services, morning prayer was conducted by the rev. t. c. pitkin, d.d., the rev. j. t. magrath, the rev. john a. wilson, the rev. g. p. schetky, d.d., and the rev. samuel marks, a rector more than thirty years since. the bishop of michigan read the antecom- munion service, the bishop of illinois read- ing the epistle. the sermon was preached by bishop whitehouse—"and the house was filled with the odor of the ointment." it was a discourse of remarkable depth of thought, most happily expressed, bringing out the great doctrine of the indwelling of god triune in the house of his worship and in the hearts of believers. after the sermon, the offertory sentences were read by rev. a. bush. the com- ann arbor, michigan. munion service was read by the bishop of michigan, who was assisted by the bishop of illinois, dean armstrong, and others of the clergy, in the distribution of the ele- ments to a large number of communicants. the musical portions of the service were rendered by a choir at the organ, with clergymen in the chancel, and children in the gallery. the psalter and te deum ("rose of sharon") were sung antiphonally. in the antecommunion service, hymn —addi- tional hymns—was sung after the offer- tory. flowers were placed in the font, and a floral cross on the altar. the following clergymen, besides those mentioned, were present, about half of whom were seated in the chancel: rev. j. h. rylance, d.d., of chicago; rev. j. w. brown, of philadelphia; rev. mr. armstrong, rural dean, of lambton, c. w.; rev. doctors fitch, of detroit, foster, of kalamazoo, tustin, of grand rapids, williams, of ann arbor; rev. messrs. bancroft, of hastings, beckwith, of big rapids, barker, of paw paw, frisbie, of niles, fleetwood, of adrian, hunter, a. m. lewis, a. c. lewis, web- ster, and worthington, of detroit, huson, st. andrew's church of jonesville, james, of tecumseh, leech, of saginaw city, gillespie, and lovejoy, of ann arbor, moffett, of marshall, prich- ard, of grand haven, spalding, of dexter, smythe, of hudson, tillinghast, of east saginaw, g. w. wilson, of port huron. after the services, a collation was had, at the house of professor douglas, for the clergy and vestry, with guests from abroad. this generous hospitality was followed with impromptu speeches by the bishops of michigan and illinois, dean armstrong, rev. s. marks, dr. rylance, and governor baldwin. in the evening, the rector's house was open to receive the congregation and guests, clerical and lay. the semi-annual missionary meeting opened on wednesday evening, with a dis- course of rare power and eloquence by dr. rylance, of chicago. on thursday morning, the clergy, by in- vitation, attended the chapel services of the university. remarks were made by bishop mccoskry and dr. pitkin. at the church, an informal missionary meeting was held, and resumed at o'clock. at o'clock the children were assembled and addressed by the rev. messrs. fleet- wood, schetky and magrath. ann arbor, michigan. the meeting closed with an evening ser- vice, at which addresses were delivered by the rev. messrs. worthington, pitkin, armstrong, tustin, the bishop and the rector. thus closed a series of services of rare interest to the members of st. andrew's parish. the same paper furnishes an excellent description of the new church: the style is early english. the mate- rial is selected field boulders, split and laid in courses, each course varying from ten to fourteen inches, according to height. these are generally granite, and beauti- fully varied in hue. no material offers a finer wall. sandstone is used about the doors and for the coping. for the window openings the boulders are beveled. the outside measurements are x feet, the buttresses projecting two feet beyond the walls. the front has a broad, double-leaved door, highly finished, with tracery work over it, within a deeply grooved and mould- ed stone arch. above the door is a tall, triplet, lancet window separated by narrow piers. the pointed gable is surmounted by a stone greek cross. this stands at the . st. andrew's church height of feet. beneath this is a quatre- foil window with blinds. on each side of the door is a small lancet window for light in the vestibule. the aisle walls, feet inches high, are broken by a north and south entrance of two-leaved doors, and twelve windows on each side, in couplets. four of them are in a low gable, and are designed for me- morials. on the east end, a permanent arch is filled in with brick, with a view to the future erection of a chancel. a similar arrangement is made for a future organ chamber. the roof is laid in diamonds, of different colored slate, surmounted with an ornamen- tal ridge. the interior consists of a nave and aisles. the clear story, of wood, is supported on columns, painted and sanded, six on each side, and has in each bay four quatre-foil windows, two feet in diameter. instead of a chancel proper, the eastern bay is thus used. the organ chamber and the robing- room are separated by ornamental screens, that for the organ being open work. there is a small gallery over the ves- tibule. the number of pews (without the gal- lery), including open and choir seats, is ann arbor, michigan. . these are of different lengths and with plated numbers. the edifice will seat about . the ceilings are frescoed in panels. the walls are tinted a french gray. over the chancel arch is the following sentence: "mine house shall be called a house of prayer for all people." under the arch is an illuminated greek cross. the stained glass, furnished by fried- ricks, of brooklyn, n. y., is in geometric figures. over the altar is a triplet, with a figure of st. andrew in the center light, and the sheaf of wheat and bunch of grapes, with other emblems, in each side opening. at present only two memorial windows have been put in, the designs for which were furnished by mr. d. m. dewey, of rochester, n. y. the gas fixtures are a corona, blue and gilt, on each column, with nine jets in groups of three, and lilies in the chancel. the desk, pulpit, altar, chancel rail, and all the wood work, combine butternut and walnut, the former prevailing. the wood work is simply oiled. the rafters are pine, stained and oiled. the carpets, purchased of mr. j. c. ringwalt, of cincinnati, are green and black; and the cushions, furnished by the st. andrew's church cincinnati elastic sponge company, are green terry. the architect is mr. gordon w. lloyd, of detroit, who is doing so much for church architecture in the west. the work has been under the general direction of professor s. h. douglas, chairman of the building committee, who has freely given his time and experience. mr. james morwick, carpenter and joiner, has had immediate charge since the foun- dation was laid, and to his careful super- vision, honorable dealing, and strict econ- omy, the vestry bears cheerful testimony. the whole cost has been about $ , . this includes all furniture, except the organ, font, chancel chairs, and one fur- nace, taken from the former edifice. of this sum, all, but $ , on furniture, has been paid, or secured by reliable subscrip- tions. the sunday school has provided the chancel furniture, front doors and cor- nerstone; the ladies' society has provided the carpets. the pews are not sold, but leased and rented. st. andrew's church, ann arbor, was organized in . the first edifice was consecrated november , . this building having been enlarged, a consecra- ann arbor, michigan. tion service took place may , . the old church will be retained as a chapel and sunday school room. the final report of the building commit- tee was submitted april, , and may be found in the vestry book under that date. its main features were embodied by the rector in his annual report to the con- vention for this year. the entire cost of the church, including furniture, interest and insurance, was $ , . . the col- lections from all sources, including the pledge of the ladies, amounted to $ ,- . . during the course of construc- tion, it had been found necessary to raise a temporary loan of $ , , but at the time of this report the indebtedness, not provided for by the ladies or reliable sub- scriptions, had been reduced to $ . the ladies, who had undertaken to furnish the carpets and cushions, costing $ . , had already paid $ . . the sunday school had expended $ . , mainly on the chancel. except an organ concert, which yielded $ . , the whole sum had st. andrew's church been raised by direct donations, and all but $ , including the subscriptions from detroit for students' pews, had been subscribed within the parish. a list of subscribers contained in the report of the building committee, which was made to the congregation under date of december, , will be found in appendix v.; in a few cases the amount subscribed had not been fully paid at the time of the report. of the pews which, as has been re- marked, were leased, not sold, were oc- cupied and yielded $ . expenses were constantly increasing; among other things, the rector's salary had been increased to $ , and the deficit at easter was $ . the old church was retained temporarily as a chapel. the total value of the church property at this time is estimated by the rector at $ , . in the midst of striking evidences of growth on the material side, we get some indications from mr. gillespie that the spiritual condition of his charge were not so satisfactory to him; for in his annual st. andrew's church attendance. in he notes: " the par- ish has already experienced much of the benefit anticipated in the erection of this edifice. the attendance of students and strangers has greatly increased, the even- ing congregation often exceeding the ca- pacity of the former building." six free pews were especially available for students. the financial situation steadily improved; in , a subscription of $ , "in the form of four notes, payable annually with interest," was made to meet the indebted- ness incurred at the time of the consecra- tion, increased by interest and loss on sub- scriptions, by cost of further improvements, and by a small floating debt. by this time the ladies had reduced their debt to $ . on the creation of the new diocese of western michigan december, , the rector of st. andrew's was chosen bishop, and the congregation lost the services of one who had worked with them to such pur- pose for nearly fourteen years. his letter of resignation, dated february, , omitted here for lack of space, is copied in chapter iv. latee yeaes; the chapel, the new rectory, and harris hall. - . fter the resignation of dr. gilles- pie the parish was served for a time by various clergymen, among them reverend messrs. james large, rob- ert wood, and g. a. whitney. april, , dr. palmer moved that a call be ex- tended to the reverend wyllys hall, of piqua, ohio. for the moment the matter was laid on the table, but on the tenth of april it was taken up again, and a com- pensation of $ was decided upon, with four weeks vacation each year. two weeks later the board agreed to raise the salary to $ , and to assume the expense of moving mr. hall's family from piqua. he sent his formal acceptance june, , and remained in charge of st. an- drew's till his resignation, november, . ann arbor, michigan. the two most notable events of mr. hall's eight years' rectorate were the build- ing of the present chapel and rectory, and the consecration, september, , of samuel s. harris as bishop of michigan. his accession, while an incalculable source of strength to the diocese as a whole and to each individual church within it, was particularly so to this parish. bishop harris recognized its possibilities from the first; as evidence of this we shall soon have occasion to follow his efforts leading to the establishment of the hobart guild and the baldwin and slocum lecture foundations. first, however, it will be necessary to de- scribe the building of the chapel and rec- tory. in , the rector could announce that a remaining balance of $ due for building the church had been paid by pri- vate subscription, and two years later, in , that st. andrew's, after a long period of hitherto fruitless endeavor, had at last succeeded in discharging its entire indebtedness. the way was now clear for the new chapel. st. andrew's church up to this time the old church had been used for the purpose. the first notice we have of the proposed new building is au- gust, , when mr. rogers, chairman of the committee having the matter in charge, made a report, and the sketch of a plan drawn up by lloyd was exhibited and ex- plained. thereupon, on the motion of mr. wheeler, the plan was adopted provis- ionally, with a modification changing the door in the porch from south to west, and on condition that the estimated cost be within the sum contemplated. some months later the matter was brought before the whole parish. at a meeting held march, , it was "resolved, as the sense of this meeting, that the erection of a new chapel has become a necessity and that the vestry make a vigorous effort in behalf of that enterprise." two weeks later the rector reported that the money accumulated in his hands for the chapel fund was $ j in cash, and a bond and mortgage, dated may, , for $ , with interest at per cent., executed by john w. gott and pay- ann arbor, michigan. able two years from date. it was directed that the funds be placed in the hands of the committee for new improvements and erections. messrs. richmond, millen, frieze, h. w. rogers, and p. r. b. de pont were appointed a committee to prepare plans and to present the project of building. subsequently, september, the rector and mr. j. m. wheeler were added to the com- mittee. it is noted in the records that, "on the evening of the above meeting, an alarm of fire, a lurid and threatening conflagration, had a somewhat 'perturbat- ing' effect on the meeting." on the september, the cornerstone of the chapel was laid with appropriate cere- monies. the bishop, unable to be present, sent a letter of congratulation, as did also the bishop of western michigan. the ser- vices were conducted by the rector, the reverend john a. wilson, d.d., of ypsi- lanti, the reverend james h. mcgoffin, of dexter, and the reverend c. m. stanley, of the diocese of indiana. the ceremony was under the auspices of the little builders' st. andrew's church the donor by selling the property and ap- plying the proceeds toward building a rec- tory on the church lot. on the sixth of the following may, a committee, consisting of messrs. bach, dunn, and pond, ap- pointed to appraise the property, esti- mated $ as a fair cash value. the committee in charge of the chapel building was at this time given supervision over the rectory as well. at a meeting of the vestry, september, , it was resolved to sell the property to john h. nickels (it was later discovered that his name had been spelled nickles and a new deed was made out) for $ , payable in three annual instalments, secured by a bond and mort- gage on his house and shop adjoining. this bond and mortgage was sold to mr. h. w. rogers at par. meantime, the first stone of the rectory was laid, september, , by mr. c. h. richmond, in the pres- ence of mr. rogers. the rectory having been in due time completed, it was reported at a meeting held july, , that it had been rented ann arbor, michigan. to mr. and mrs. dawson, with the inter- esting condition that the rooms were not to be sublet to students. at the annual parochial meeting, march, , a state- ment was furnished of the expenses in- curred in building the chapel and rectory and in improving the lighting and heating of the church. from this report it appears that something over $ , had been ex- pended for these various purposes since the work was first taken in hand in . all but a few hundred dollars of this money was expended on the two new buildings. the largest single contribution was the $ from the mundy estate. the re- mainder, aside from a small accumulated fund, was furnished by individual subscrip- tions and by the ladies' aid society. apparently the heating was still unsat- isfactory; for, on the twelfth of april, a committee was appointed to consider the project of heating the church by steam. on the twenty-eighth of may, this com- mittee reported that the project would cost $ . thereupon, it was moved that a ann arbor, michigan. and parish a satisfactory change." the proviso, however, was not carried out; for, december, we find the vestry accepting the offer of dr. pitkin to fill the vacancy at $ a sunday. mr. hall's life and work in st. andrew's are still held in affec- tionate remembrance by many of those who were his parishioners. they testify to his effectiveness as a preacher, and to his warmheartedness and sympathy as a pas- tor. the statistics of mr. hall's ministry cannot be given in complete form, since there is no itemized report for and no confirmations given for . with these omissions the record at the time of his last report, in , is as follows: baptisms, in- fants, , adults, , total, ; confirma- tions, ; marriages, ; burials, . the number of communicants had increased from to . the report for the parochial year - was made by dr. pitkin. according to his report, there were, during the interval, fourteen bap- tisms, of which two were adults and twelve infants, fourteen confirmations, fourteen st. andrew's church marriages, and five burials. owing to losses and to the fact that thirty-nine on mr. hall's list could not be accounted for, the number of communicants shows a decrease from to . the following valua- tions are put on the church property in this report: church, $ , ; chapel, $ ; rectory, $ ; total, $ , ; insurance on property, $ , ; title in wardens and vestrymen; condition of prop- erty good; debt $ . since the new rector did not assume charge till the second sun- day in july, , the report for - is again by dr. pitkin. the sta- tistics show very little growth. the num- ber of communicants remains at ; there were only five baptisms, all infants, one marriage, and three burials. it is inter- esting to notice, among the gifts of this year, $ for a guild. during a vacancy of over a year and a half, various efforts were made to get a settled pastor. june, , the vestry extended a call to the reverend ethelbert talbot, of warsaw, missouri, now bishop ann arbor, michigan. of central pennsylvania. the terms offered were very liberal, $ annually, the free use of the rectory, which mr. hall had not enjoyed, and a pledge of the standing committee of the diocese of $ annually "so long as such pledge shall continue." mr. talbot having refused, the vestry were obliged to search further afield. it is in- teresting to note that, in a sermon which mr. talbot preached during a visit to ann arbor, he chose for his text: "art thou he that should come or do we look for another." sptember, , dr. palmer, called upon to give a report of investigations he had made in regard to several persons whose names had been sent him with a view to filling the rectorship of st. andrew's, "gave a very favorable report of reverend dr. greer, of providence." on his recommen- dation, a unanimous call was extended. dr. greer, attracted by the possibilities of the field in a university town, seems to have seriously considered the offer, but finally declined. he later went to st. bartholo- mew's, new york city, and has recently st. andrew's church been elected bishop coadj utor of new york. next an attempt was made to get the rev- erend h. p. nichols, of new haven, con- necticut; and this failing, the reverend samuel earp, ph.d., of washington, penn- sylvania, was called in may, . he sent his acceptance june, and, as has already been stated, entered on his duties in july. during dr. earp's rectorate, a project was completed, the preliminary steps of which may be traced back to mr. hall's time. as early as october, , we find the following minute entered in the ves- try book: "whereas the vestry are fully in favor of the early construction of a guild hall or of some suitable place for the social gathering of the parish, yet, as our present interest bearing indebtedness is fully $ , resolved, that we do not think it advisable to increase the same by further loans, but that any mode of reach- ing this desirable object without subtract- ing from the parish resources will receive our hearty concurrence." although the rev. samuel earp ann arbor, michigan. subject was, doubtless, under discussion from this time on, no further reference to it is made in the records till january, , when a meeting was held to appoint a committee to confer with the ladies' so- ciety, on the project of putting up a build- ing on the church property for social pur- poses, and "permission was granted the ladies to erect such a building, provided it did not present too great difficulties in the matter of insurance, appearance, and posi- tion." on the twelfth of may, dr. palmer, for the special committee appointed january, reported that the plans and spec- ifications for the new guild had been ob- tained, and that the ladies proposed to pro- ceed with the work. on the third of au- gust, the vestry agreed to contribute $ for a lot, on a site to be chosen by a com- mittee agreed upon by the bishop and ves- try, provided that $ be raised outside before january, . on the thirty- first of december, the vestry, in conference with the bishop and governor baldwin, of detroit, agreed to purchase the sperry st. andrew's church property on the northwest corner of state and huron streets for $ , the bishop to furnish $ and the vestry the balance. conditions of time for raising the specified amount were waived. february, , dr. douglas, mr. richmond, and mr. treadwell were appointed a committee for building. the larger range which the project had assumed was due to the right reverend samuel s. harris, bishop of michigan since september, . in his annual ad- dress before the diocesan convention in june, , he reported that a little less than a year ago "his long meditated plans for a church hall and lectureship at the university of michigan took definite shape," and that he had laid them "before a judicious friend, a churchman of de- troit," who promised him a "generous sub- scription." later, he had gone to ann arbor and submitted his plans to the rector and vestry, who were already considering the plan of erecting a building for paro- chial purposes. as a result of the con- ann arbor, michigan. ferences already noted, it was resolved to build a church hall, the vestry agreeing to pay $ . thereupon, the bishop pre- pared the following statement of the details of what was proposed to be done, and had it privately circulated as an appeal for subscriptions: the proposed church hall and lec- tureships at the university of michigan. the importance of bringing all prac- ticable christian influences to bear upon the great body of students who are an- nually assembled at the university of michigan, is generally recognized. more than twelve hundred young men, who, in the nature of things, will soon occupy posi- tions of responsibility in all parts of our country, resort thither year after year to pursue the studies which are to train and equip them for the work of their lives. the time so employed is the season during which their opinions are formed, their char- acters are fixed, and the quality of their religious and moral convictions is deter- mined. most of such students are sepa- rated from the influence of their homes, and ann arbor, michigan. ill to prosecute the church's work at the uni- versity of michigan. . it is proposed to erect a building or hall near the university, to be used for the guild meetings, and other parochial gatherings of st. andrew's parish, where the students and church people of the city of ann arbor may meet together under the refining and elevating influence of the church's social life. in this hall there shall be cheerful parlors, a well-equipped read- ing room, and a lecture room, where the lectures hereinafter mentioned may be given and other meetings may be held. the parish of st. andrew's has provided a suitable site on one of the principal thor- oughfares near the university. the cost of erecting such a building and providing an income for the heating, lighting and care of it, will be about $ , . . it is proposed to endow a lecture- ship similar to the bampton lectureship in england, or the bohlen lectureship in philadelphia, for the establishment and de- fense of christian truth; the lectures on such foundation to be delivered annually at ann arbor by a learned clergyman or other communicant of the protestant episcopal church, to be chosen as hereinafter pro- vided; such lectures to be not less than six st. andrew's church nor more than eight in number, and to be published in book form before the income of the fund shall be available. properly to endow these lectures, not less than $ , will be required. . it is proposed to endow a regular course of twenty lectures on biblical lit- erature and learning, to be given in con- secutive weeks, one in each week, during the session of the university. for the endowment of these lectures,$ , should be provided. . it is proposed to endow a regular course of twenty lectures on divinity and christian evidences, to be given in consecu- tive weeks, one in each week, during the ses- sion of the university. for the endow- ment of these lectures, $ , should be provided. the object of establishing the two lec- tureships last named will be to provide, for all the students who may be willing to avail themselves of them, what a state uni- versity cannot supply, namely, a complete course of instruction in sacred learning, and in the philosophy of right thinking and right living, without which no educa- tion can be justly considered complete. in order to do this, these regular lectures will be offered as a complementary course to the ann arbor, michigan. students of the university, free of cost, and will be given at such hours in the even- ing as will not interfere with their other studies. . the plan for the selection of lectur- ers and the general administration of the work will be as follows: it is proposed to organize a society to be composed of the students, in all the classes and departments of the university, who may be members of or attached to the protestant episcopal church, of which society the bishop of the diocese, the rector, wardens and vestry- men of st. andrew's parish, and all the professors of the university who are com- municants of the protestant episcopal church shall be members ex officio. to this body shall be entrusted the care and management of the reading room and lec- ture room of the hall, and of all the ex- ercises and employments carried on therein. the same society, moreover, shall annually elect each of the lecturers hereinbefore men- tioned, upon the nomination of the bishop of the diocese. furthermore, it shall be understood that the lectures hereinbefore mentioned shall be delivered under the aus- pices of said society, whose duty it shall be to promote attendance upon them, and in all practicable ways to aid in increasing st. andrew's church their effectiveness and extending their in- fluence. from the above outline it will be seen that the sum of $ , will be required to equip and carry forward this great enter- prise. of that amount a well known lay- man of the diocese has, with characteristic liberality, subscribed the sum of $ , , on the condition that the sum of $ , be secured. the foregoing statement is intended to be sent to a few churchmen within and without the diocese of michigan, who are known to be interested in the church's work; and i do most earnestly beg those into whose hands it may come, to consider well what is here proposed, and to give to this important undertaking the assistance of their gifts and their prayers. samuel s. harris, bishop of michigan. he subsequently submitted this plan to the standing committee of the diocese, as his council of advice, when the following action was taken: detroit, november , . at a meeting of the standing committee of the diocese of michigan, held this day, the following was adopted: ann arbor, michigan. the standing committee, having had laid before them the plan proposed by the bishop for establishing, at ann arbor, a suitable building and the endowment of lectureships on subjects relating to relig- ious education and christian knowledge, ex- press their cordial approval of the scheme, and their belief that it will, if carried out, be of very great service in furthering the interests of religion in the university and the extension of christian culture; and they earnestly recommend the project to the support of liberal persons everywhere, as one which will not only advance the in- terests of the church and its ministry, but will also exercise a very extended influence on students from all parts of the country. rufus w. clark, jr., president. james v. campbell, secretary. the bishop then goes on to describe the progress of his plan at ann arbor. the rector had organized the proposed society of students, and the first meeting had been held in october. it chose the name of " the hobart guild of the university of michi- gan," and adopted a constitution and by- laws under which the bishops of michigan st. andrew's church and western michigan were recognized as visitors. "since that time," continues bishop harris, "the number of students who have become active members of the guild has increased to more than two hun- dred. nor is this numerical increase the only or even the chief sign of encouragement. the members have entered most heartily and intelligently into the spirit of the enterprise and have already demonstrated, by their interest and enthusiasm, both the need and the mission of such a society." he reports, further, that plans have been prepared and adopted for the "erection of a commodious building on the proposed site, in which am- ple provision is made for all the purposes contemplated," the students' part of the building consisting of parlors, reading room, library, and lecture room, with bowl- ing alley and gymnasium in the basement, to be kept open, heated and lighted, at all times, while that portion of the building appropriated to the ladies of the parish for social and parochial purposes is to be subject to their control and accessible by st. andrew's church by mrs. w. h. powers, of philadelphia, and one of $ by alexander brown, esq., of the same city, which sums, it is hoped, may enable us to have partial courses of lectures on biblical literature and learn- ing, and on christian evidences, during the ensuing university year. "with the erection of this hall, and the establishment of these lectureships at the university of michigan, a movement will be begun which will deserve to engage our profoundest interest. it is no part of my purpose to compare this enterprise with the so-called church colleges of the coun- try ; nor will it, in any sense, be in competi- tion with them. what god in his provi- dence has called us to do, is to establish christian teaching in the midst of a great secular university and to bring the in- fluence of the church to bear, in the most practical way, upon the great body of stu- dents who are assembled there. the wis- dom of doing this under the auspices and by the aid of the students themselves will com- mend itself to all who know anything of student life. as fast as the young and ardent minds of the enlisted students shall be kindled by the enthusiasm of this gener- ous movement, they will lend to it the im- pulse of their courage and hope. inspired ann arbor, michigan. by its beneficent purposes, they will make those purposes their own, and, being blessed themselves, they will be influential in ex- tending the blessing to others. the result cannot fail to be not only beneficial to the whole body of students, but honorable and helpful to the university. we are grat- ified, but not surprised, therefore, that we should be met at the outset not only by the enthusiastic cooperation of large numbers of the students, but by the cordial sym- pathy and good will of the president and professors. encouraged by these signs and tokens of god's blessing, we look for- ward, without misgiving, to a career of usefulness, at ann arbor, which shall serve the cause of sound learning, promote the well being of the body politic, extend the influence of religion, and glorify the name of our blessed master. in this way we hope to bring the influence of christianity directly to bear upon the minds and hearts of the students, through channels to which such minds and hearts are open, and at a time when that influence is most needed, and may be most potent in shaping their after lives. just in proportion as we shall see these hopes realized, we shall see chris- tianity resuming its old place of honor and power when men are trained to think; st. andrew's church and religion redeemed from the reproach of fanaticism on the one hand, and of monkishness on the other, to which it has, whether justly or unjustly, been exposed in these last days, by the withdrawal of so many of its teachers from the seats of secu- lar learning and culture. to be permitted to witness the beginning of this great work is the joy of my episcopate; and i ask you, dear brethren, to unite with me in invoking for it the favor and blessing of him for whose honor and in whose service it has been projected." from the address of the next year we learn that during the months of october, november, and december, , the first series of lectures on the baldwin founda- tion were given by the bishop of western new york. during the interval between that time and the following june, special lectures were also given by the honorable j. v. campbell, professor moses coit ty- ler, professor h. s. frieze, and president james b. angell. the hall and the lot upon which it stands were conveyed by deed of trust to the wardens and vestrymen of st. andrew's parish. the funds for the ann arbor, michigan. lectureship and for the maintenance of the hall were placed under the management of a board of trustees consisting of the follow- ing gentlemen: mr. h. p. baldwin, mr. )o( v henry a. hayden, dr. a. b. palmer, mr. sidney d. miller, and mr. h. p. baldwin, jf ,—- \ nd. mr. baldwin acted as treasurer. the immediate care and management of the hall, and of all exercises and employments held in it, were, subject to proper conditions, entrusted to an executive committee of the guild, consisting of five ex-officio and five student members, under the presidency of the rector. the list of subscriptions for the enter- prise is given by governor h. p. baldwin, as treasurer, in his first report in . $ , . were contributed from detroit, $ from jackson, and $ from ann arbor. the total contribution f rom mich- igan was $ , . . over $ was subscribed from philadelphia: mrs. ann m. powers, $ ; alexander brown, $ ; the misses blanchard, $ ; and george w. childs, $ . nearly $ st. andrew's church came from new york, mr. j. pierpont morgan contributing $ . , and the reverend (now bishop) alexander mackay- smith, $ . chicago furnished some- what over $ . the total receipts from all sources at the date of this report were $ , . . of this money, approximately $ , was spent for building and fur- nishing hobart hall. mr. baldwin's con- tribution of $ , was invested for his lectureship; mrs. power's contribution was also invested; and $ was reserved for a library fund. the treasurer estimated that, in order to defray the cost of heating, lighting, and water tax, to provide for a librarian and janitor, and to meet other absolutely necessary expenses, a fund of $ , to $ , would be needed. toward this, however, $ , was already secured, the subscribers agreeing to pay six per cent. on the sums severally sub- scribed until the principal should be paid. hobart hall was formally opened tues- day evening, april, , and handed over to hobart guild. in , $ , ann arbor, michigan. for the endowment of the lectureship on the evidences of christianity was received from mrs. elliott t. slocum, of detroit. mr. baldwin's, it will be remembered, was for the establishment and defense of christian truth. for the present it was determined to give the baldwin and slocum lectures biennially, in alternation. since the third lectureship planned for by bishop harris has never been endowed, that prac- tice has continued ever since. one change was introduced two years ago, when each lecture in each series came to be given by a different lecturer. the various series on the respective foundations will be found in appendix vhi. another considerable gift has been the ransom e. wood memorial fund of $ , , presented by miss lor- raine t. wood, of dresden, germany, the income of which is to be applied to the salary of the curator of harris hall. finally, in this connection should be noted the catharine b. davis bequest of $ , , approximately, the income of which is avail- able for the general expenses of harris st. andrew's church hall. on the twenty-first of august, , bishop harris, who had been the life and soul of the project we have been considering at such length, died in london, england. it is not too much to say that his death was an irreparable loss, both to the diocese of mich- igan and to the whole church as well. as a deserved testimony to his achievements in what was doubtless his most cherished undertaking, the name of hobart hall was subsequently changed to that of harris hall. meantime, on the thirteenth of july, , the reverend samuel earp, for rea- sons that made it imperatively necessary, suddenly tendered his resignation to take effect on the tenth of the ensuing novem- ber; but on the twenty-seventh of july he decided to change the date to the first of august. aside from glaring financial ir- regularities, he seems to have been a faithful and efficient pastor and a man of personal charm. he did much for the furtherance of the new guild, and the church made ma- terial advance under his ministrations. his harris hall ann arbor, michigan. members of the parish, who are held in loving remembrance. during the past summer other memorials have been added, and the whole interior has been renewed and beautified, under the direction of mr. edward j. n. stent. of these improve- ments and decorations, the following is a description: the ceilings and walls of the nave and aisles have been colored with rich and harmonious tints of terra cotta and orange yellow, accentuated at salient points by borders of elaborate ornamen- tation and patterns in which various sacred monograms and symbols take prominent parts. the window openings and door- heads are outlined by delicate vines painted in old ivory tints upon the terra-cotta ground, and the aisle walls are enriched by a broad band of decorative ornament, rising fully three feet above the wainscot. the arch at the entrance to the chancel is profusely decorated with bright colors and gilding; quaint designs are painted over and about it, and in richness of effect it makes a fitting frame for the more elabo- rate treatment of the chancel. the woodwork of the ceilings and clere- story in the body of the church has been tinted to look like antique oak. the pews and wainscot have been stained darker, ann arbor, michigan. this whole work, including the reredos and relievo, is a memorial to the distinguished metaphysician and man of god, the late professor george s. morris. the chancel walls are colored a rich crimson ground, ornamented with patterns in gold leaf; and a deep frieze border bearing a scriptural text is carried along the side walls from end to end. a rich band of decoration forms a dado finish over the new oak wainscot, which has been added with the other improve- ments, and which forms an admirable foun- dation for the brilliant coloring above. the east window formerly presented a somewhat bare and disproportionate ap- pearance. this has been entirely obviated by carrying a broad molded enrichment entirely around the sides and arched head of the window opening, projecting some- what over the jamb, thus forming a shadow, and relieving the plainness of the splay. this enrichment, which has a deep cove or- namented with square paterae, or ball flowers, is brought below the level of the window, and then across the rear wall of the chancel, from the reredos, on both sides, to the side walls, thus forming a "string course." rising from the ends of the lowermost st. andrew's church pace of the three paces leading to the altar are two very handsome brass standards, nine feet high and supporting twenty-seven gas jets each. these are a memorial to the late charles h. richmond, for many years a vestryman and warden of the parish. upon the completion of the work above described, the chancel was duly consecrated by the bishop of the diocese, the right rev- erend thomas frederick davies, d.d., ll.d., on the third sunday after the epiphany, january, ; and a ser- mon appropriate to the occasion was deliv- ered by the bishop of western michigan, the right reverend george de normandie gillespie, d.d., who, as we have seen, was the prime mover in the building of the church at the time of his rectorship. a tower was still lacking, and may, , the vestry accepted the proposal of mrs. love m. palmer to leave $ , in her will for that purpose. shortly after her death, which occurred march, , the bequest having been previously in- creased to $ , , the work was under- taken, and was finished in november, , i o i o r i ann arbor, michigan. thus bringing to external completion a structure begun nearly forty years before. the following description of the tower is taken from the churchman, of march, : the new tower of st. andrew's church, ann arbor, which was formally opened at the recent celebration of the church's sev- enty-fifth anniversary, is a gift by will of the late mrs. love m. palmer, in memory of her husband, alonzo benjamin palmer, m.d., ll.d., for many years a communi- cant of the parish and a distinguished member of the medical faculty in the uni- versity of michigan. the structure is, like the church, of greyish field stone, and early english in style; it stands over eighty feet high, and is topped by battle- ments and conical pinnacles. in an attached turret on the front of the tower are stairs for reaching the second story and the bel- fry. the first story is open to the air, and its walls are pierced from front and rear by two simple, well-proportioned arches. with its solid grace, the tower adds to the large, low church just the culmination and decision which it has always needed. the statistics of mr. tatlock's ministry for the fifteen years, to , are as ann arbor, michigan. for endowments , . for new erections and im- provements , . $ , . balance on hand, (being, for the most part, funds for a new organ).. , . $ , . present value of property: church building, $ , ; chapel, $ , ; rec- tory, $ , ; harris hall, $ , ; other property, $ , ; total, $ , . one scheme introduced by the rector, un- fortunately, in spite of its obvious merits, proved financially unworkable: this was the free pew system, adopted february, , by a vote of to , with two non- committal. after a trial of nearly seven years, it was found necessary to return again to the renting system in october, . such is a record of the history of st. andrew's church from its beginning to its seventy-fifth anniversary, november, . the annals afford little that is pic- turesque or striking, but they bear witness to a steady spiritual and material growth teeming with promise for the future. appendix i. rectors of st. andrew's church. - . rev. silas w. freeman. - . rev. john p. bausman. - . rev. samuel marks. - . rev. francis h. cumino. - . rev. charles c. taylor. - . rev. george p. williams (officiating). - . rev. charles c. taylor. - . rev. george p. williams (officiating). - . rev. david f. lumsden. - . rev. george d. gillespie. - . rev. wyllys hall. - . rev. samuel eabp. . rev. henry tatlock. curates: - , rev. willjam galpin; - , rev. william o. waters; - , rev. robert a. holland, jr.; - , rev. edward m. duff; - , rev. robert m. beach; - , rev. henry p. horton; - , rev. william h. alli- son; - , rev. frederick pitts; - , rev. harry c. robinson. st. andrew's church clark, m. gunn, j. h. lund, william loomis, j. f. grisson, r. s. wilson, j. t. halsted. secretary: m. gunn. treasurer: caleb clark. . same as . . wardens: john a. welles, e. t. williams. vestrymen: . f. grisson, caleb clark, m. howard, william loomis, james piatt, l. fasquelle, s. c. hall, c. h. millen. secretary: james piatt . wardens: john a. welles, william g. tuttle. vestrymen: e. t. williams, l. fasquelle, william l. loomis, r. s. wilson, j. h. lund, c. h. millen, c. h. van cleve, j. f. grisson. sec- retary: j. f. grisson. treasurer: . f. grisson. . wardens: john a. welles, e. t. wil- liams. vestrymen: l. fasquelle, c. van cleve, m. gunn, a. f. smith, j. h. lund, c. clark, c. h. millen, william l. loomis. secretary: e. t. williams. treasurer: a. f. smith. . wardens: john a. welles, e. t. williams. vestrymen: william l. loomis, caleb clark, c. h. millen, m. gunn, a. f. smith, l. fasquelle, c. h. van cleve, floris finley. secretary: e. t. wil- liams. treasurer: a. f. smith. . wardens: john a. welles, c. h. millen. vestrymen: william l. loomis, l. fasquelle, william finley, floris s. finley, h. bower, j. h. lund, v. chapin, geo. danforth. secretary: c. h. millen. treasurer: h. bower. . wardens: c. h. millen, f. s. finley. vestrymen: v. chapin, e. r. tremaine, j. h. lund, geo. danforth, e. wells, wm. finley, a. b. wood, wm. l. loomis. secretary: e. r. tremaine. treasurer: e. r. tremaine. ann arbor, michigan. . wardens: dr. b. ticknor, c. h. millen. vestrymen: william l. loomis, geo. danforth, dr. e. wells, j. h. lund, v. chapin, a. b. wood, c. h. van cleve, william finley. secretary: a. b. wood. treasurer: a. b. wood. . wardens: dr. b. ticknor, chauncey h. millen. vestrymen: volney chapin, dr. e. wells, john n. gott, dr. samuel grisson, c. h. van cleve, charles a. chapin, wm. l. loomis. sec- retary: john n. gott. treasurer: john n. gott. . wardens: b. ticknor, e. henriques. vestrymen: e. c. seaman, j. h. lund, volney chapin, h. s. frieze, dr. samuel grisson, dr. e. wells. secretary: dr. s. grisson. treasurer: dr. s. grisson. . wardens: dr. b. ticknor, e. henriques. vestrymen: e. wells, j. m. wheeler, j. f. miller, c. h. millen, e. c. seaman, h. s. frieze, dr. s. grisson, volney chapin. secretary: dr. s. gris- son. treasurer: e. henriques. . wardens: c. h. millen, j. m. wheeler. vestrymen: j. f. miller, h. bower, h. s. frieze, v. chapin, c. h. van cleve, dr. douglas, william anderson, dr. e. wells. secretary: c. h. van cleve. treasurer: j. f. miller. . wardens: j. m. wheeler, william an- derson. vestrymen: volney chapin, c. h. van cleve, s. grisson, john n. gott, f. harris, george sutton, e. c. seaman, t. f. saunders. secretary: c. h. van cleve. treasurer: william anderson. . wardens: j. m. wheeler, william ander- son. vestrymen: v. chapin, c. h. millen, dr. e. wells, george sutton, a. b. wood, j. f. miller, st. andrew's church they and their successors shall have full power and authority to give, grant, sell, lease, demise and dis- pose of the said real and personal estate, or any part thereof at their will and pleasure; and that they and their successors shall have power and authority from time to time to make, constitute, ordain and establish such by-laws, ordinances and regulations, as they shall judge proper, for fixing the times and places of the meetings of said cor- poration, and for regulating all the affairs and business of said corporation: provided such by-laws, ordinances and regula- tions shall not be repugnant to the constitution and laws of the united states, or the laws of this ter- ritory. approved april , . ann arbor, michigan. warden to take charge of and safely keep the communion plate and linen and to provide the elements required at each celebration of that sac- rament. article vii. of removals from office. section- . by vote of a majority present at any regular meeting the board may remove either sec- retary and treasurer and appoint their successors. article viii. of assessments and renting of slips. section . the assessments made at the first meeting of the board in each year shall remain un- changed during the year except by vote of three fifths of the whole board. sec. . at any time after the assessment is made the secretary and treasurer unless the board otherwise direct shall proceed to rent the pews and slips of the church at not less than the as- sessed value of such portion of the slip or pew as may be rented, and when the applicant shall have subscribed the agreement required by article viii section t of these by-laws the right of occupancy shall vest in him subject to terms of such agreement. providing that not less than a whole slip or pew shall be rented while any half slip or pew is undisposed of. sec . all assessments of pews or slips shall be payable quarterly. for the first quarter on the fifteenth day of june for the second on the fifteenth day of september, for the third on the fifteenth day of december and for the last quarter t appendix v. list of subscribers to the building of the present st. andrew's church. subscriptions in the parish. abel, mrs., $ . avery, mrs., s.oo baer, c, . balcom, h., . beakes, h. j., . beal, r. a., . belden, mrs., . bliss, e. j., . buchoz, l. r., . bunting, w., . cash, . champlin, dr.," . chapin, c. a., . chapin, v., estate, . chase, a. w., . chipman, mrs., . clark, e., . clark, mrs., . clark, misses m. and c, . clark, miss robie, . clark, miss rosina, . clements, jas., . cole, a. j., . cole, n. b., . corselius, mrs., . appendix vii. list of endowment funds of st. andrew's church. seaman fund, $ , founded by bequest of ezra c. seaman, who died july, ; income to be used for literature for the sunday school. chambers fund, $ , founded by bequest of mrs. mary chambers, who died july, ; in- come to be used for the support of the church. henning fund, $ , founded by gift of david henning, in ; income to be used for christmas festival of sunday school and county house, one half for each. mr. henning died april, . henriques fund, $ , founded by bequest of rebecca henriques, who died september, ; income to be used for the support of the church. rogers fund, $ , founded by bequest of mrs. kezia adams rogers, who died february, ; income to be used for the support of the church. wheeler fund, $ , in memory of john m. wheeler, who died march, ; founded by his family; income to be used for the poor of the parish. treadwell fund, $ , founded by bequest of edward treadwell, who died january, ; income to be used for the support of the church. palmer fund, $ , founded by bequest of mrs. love m. palmer, who died march, ; income to be used for the support of the church. st. andrew's church d.d., rector of st. george's church, st. louis, mo. - . baldwin. "conscience." rt. rev. nel- son s. rulison, d.d., bishop coadju- tor of central pennsylvania. - . slocum. "the life." rt. rev. thomas f. gailor, d.d., bishop coadjutor of tennessee. - . baldwin. "christ's temptation and ours." rt. rev. a. c. a. hall, d.d., bishop of vermont. - . slocum. "the manifestation of the risen jesus." rt. rev. william cros- well doane, d.d., ll.d., d.c.l., bishop of albany. - . baldwin. "the state and the church." rev. william prall, ph.d., s.t.d., rector of st. john's church, detroit, mich. - . slocum. "the paraclete." rev. wil- liam clark, ll.d., d.c.l., professor of philosophy in trinity college, to- ronto. - . baldwin. "aspects of revelation." rt. rev. chauncey bunce brewster, d.d., bishop of connecticut. - . slocum. "the eternal law." rt. rev. john philip dumoulin, d.d., d.c.l., bishop of niagara. - . baldwin. sermons. . rt. rev. frederick burgess, d.d., bishop of long is- land. rt. rev. thomas f. gailor, d.d., bishop of tennessee. ann arbor, michigan. rev. charles e. woodcock, rector of st. john's church, detroit, mich. rev. william s. rainsford, d.d., rector of st. george's church, new york city. rev. william d. maxon, d.d., rector of christ's church, detroit, mich. - . slocum. sermons. rt. rev. alexander mackay-smith, d.d., bishop coadju- tor of pennsylvania. rev. james s. stone, d.d., rector of st. james' church, chicago, . rev. frank dumoulin, rector of st. peter's church, chicago, . rev. george hodges, d.d., dean of the episcopal theological school, cam- bridge, mass. rev. henry s. nash, d.d., professor in the episcopal theological school, cambridge, mass. note.—all the lectures have been published ex- cepting those for - , and those for - . the series of sermons for - has also been published and that for - is in press. index. baldwin lectureship, foundation of, . bausman, rev. john p., report of, as rector, . branigan, mr., sexton and schoolmaster, , . brown, alexander, gift of, to harris hall, . bury, rev. richard, officiating in ann arbor, . cadle, rev. r. f., officiating in ann arbor, . chancel, building of, seq.; consecration of, . chapel, building of, seq. choir, vested, introduction of, . corselius, miss cornelia e., historical account of parish by, iv. church edifice, first, building of, seq., seq.; description of, seq.; partial destruction of, by fire, ; enlargement of, seq. church edifice, second, building of, seq.; laying cornerstone of, seq.; consecration of, seq.; description of, seq.; renovation of interior of, seq. communion set, . cuming, rev. francis h., institution of, as rector, ; rectorship of, seq.; resignation of, seq. davis, catherine b., bequest of, to harris hall, . diocese of michigan, organization of, ; first con- vention of, ; first meeting of standing commit- tee of, . earp, rev. samnel, rectorship of, seq.; resig- nation of, . freeman, rev. silas w., missionary to ann arbor, dexter, and ypsilanti, . / / . abi ax i ^its i>i '■ v j^i t ^%a^jkkhftl^ '.j .__.m- i .. . ■ ftnll..—t_r«-h—m-_j—i the eternity of character. ret. a. c. george, d. d. "he that is udjust, let him be unjust still : and he which is filthy, let him be filthy still : and he that is righteous, let him be righteous still: and he that is holy, let him be holy still."—rev. xxii, . "my lord cardinal," said anne of austria, to richelieu, who ex- ercised for a long time a cruel and despotic power, "god does not pay at the end of every week, but at the last he pays." this is an assertion of the doctrine that god governs the world. he governs it in detail, that is, fully, comprehensively, abso- lutely. no human act escapes him. no thought or desire or secret purpose evades the glance of his searching eye. it is a necessity of the moral government of god, that every sin should be noticed in some way, either pardoned or punished. and though this is not a world of retribution, and though injustice and oppression often seem to prosper and triumph, yet in the end god pays. and what is more, and more to the purpose of our text, he pays in kind. these scriptures establish our point: "say ye to the right- eous, that it shall be well with him; for they shall eat the fruit of their doings. woe unto the wicked! it shall be ill with him ; for the re- ward of his hands shall be given him." "his own iniquity shall take the wicked himself, and he shall be holden with the cords of his sins." "the backslider in heart shall be filled with his own ways"—the most terrible malediction which could be pronounced on him—" and a good man shall be satisfied from himself" —that is, with the consciousness of his own rectitude. the lord, moreover, says of such as have hated knowledge and de- spised reproof, and would none of his counsel, "therefore shall they eat of the fruit of their own way, and be filled with their own devices; for the turning away of the simple shall slay them, and the prosperity of fools shall destroy them." "evil men and seducers," in the very nature of things, "wax worse and worse, deceiving and being de- ceived." our characters constantly tend to fixedness. they harden by life's processes. the current of our na- tures grows stronger with advancing years. it becomes, finally, difficult, if not impossible, to change its course, except god's miraculous grace shall interpose. the scrip- tures teach us this same truth: "can the ethiopian change his skin or the leopard his spots? then may ye also do good that are accustomed to do evil." and yet this is a remedial dispen- sation. god interposes graciously and constantly in behalf of men. a miraculous mercy overflows from the divine heart to sinners. there are gentle interpositions which come like the dew, or the sunshine, or the summer rain; and there are mighty manifestations of god which shake us like tempests, or earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions. our characters by these ministrations are trans- formed and revolutionized. some- times the transformation is gradual like the breaking of the morning, the advance of spring, or the melt- ing of icebergs in tropic seas. sometimes it is sudden, as if men had been lifted at once to a higher plane of being, to move henceforth through a grander sphere. an earthquake in southern seas is said to have brought an island of dia- monds to the surface ; so by the convulsion of conversion the lessons of childhood, the virtues excited by the decipline of years, the inner graces of the spirit, are brought to view, and men marvel at the mirac- ulous change. we see the same law working in society. the supreme government of the world is on the side of the right. the duke of weimar, said of the tyranny of the first napo- leon in germany, "it is unjust, and therefore it cannot last." and, in the long run, the criticism is correct. feudalism, depotism, slavery, ag- gressive wars, every species of wrong and outrage, disappear before the onward march of the gospel. the general principle of the divine administration is expressed in these words: "he looketh upon men, and if any say, i have sinned and perverted that whioh was right, and it profited me not, he will deliver his soul from going into the pit, and his life shall see the light." the word and providence and spirit of god are a trinity of mighty agencies to turn man back from destruction. the truth of god, morever, acts as a transforming leaven in society, and the end of christ's reign is to set judgment in the earth. but this text contemplates a period when these remedial agencies will cease; when probation will end; when retribution, unmixed with mercy, will begin. then the saviour will be no longer a saviour. his atoning sacrifice will be no longer prevalent. his intercessions will close. "he will no longer act as high priest over the house of god. he will leave the mediatorial throne, and offer no more prayers for sinful man. then the holy spirit will cease its gracious offices, and con- vince no more of sin, righteousness, and judgment. then the providence of god will no more mean, as always now, salvation. we shall then come to a fixed, unalterable, and eternal state. the unjust and filthy will remain unjust and filthy for- ever ; the righteous and holy will remain righteous and holy forever. this will be the punishment—the reward; they will forever remain what they are. it does not need the mist of dark- ness, the quenchless flame, the com- panionship of devils, to make a hell for a filthy and unjust soul. like milton's outcast archangel, such a soul might say, "which way shall i fly? which way i fly is hell; myself am hell." filled with these unguents and colors, and the pencils they used with them, as well as various sorts of combs and hair pins ; of the latter there is a very pretty set in the museum at boulak—single pronged wooden pins with jackal heads, stuck into a cush- ion in the form of a turtle, which was evidently one of the favorite dressing table ornaments belonging to the deceased lady. all these little essentials of the toilet were placed in the tombs by the loving hands of friends and re- lations for the use of that spiritual body, which they believed required all the adornment the lady had loved upon earth. notwithstanding the elaborate care lavished by the egyptian lady on her personal adornment, she adopted a simplicity of dress suita- ble to the climate in which she lived. except for the wig, the head was usually uncovered, with sometimes a colored band tied round it. the queens often wore the vulture head- dress, but this was more as an official ornament than as a covering. in common life also the women both of high and low degree, went barefoot, though they had sandals to wear when they were in full dress. these sandals were made of papyrus, or palm fibre, or of leather; they had straps to pass around the foot and between the toes, and in some a piece of the sole was turned up and lent over the toes to protect them; n later times some of the leather landals had sides to them, which iauses them very much to resemble nodern shoes.— the woman's world 'or august a liule too smart. i heard the other day of a clerk in dry goods store who was smart nd quick, a splendid manager and that. he had an exalted opinion f himself, and frequently made imself disagreeable by remarking o his associates that the concern ould not possiblyget along without im. this came to the ears of the senior partner, and the old gentleman called the clerk into the private office and said: "mr. jenkins, you have been very efficient, and we appreci ate your services; but i hear that you have repeatedly asserted that if you were to die the concern couldn't possibly survive it, and this has wor- ried both myself and partner very much; for you, like all men, are lia- ble to die very unexpectedly. we have therefore concluded to experi- ment while we are in health, and see if the concern will survive your ab- sence. you will therefore consider yourself dead for one year, and we will make an effort to so consider you for that length of time."— globe- democrat. the moral law. dr. adam clarke thus speaks of scripture: to say that christ's per- sonal righteousness is imputed to every true believer is not scriptural; to say that he has fulfilled all right- eousness for us, or in our stead, if by this is meant the fulfillment of all moral duties, is neither scriptural nor true; that he has died in our stead is a great, glorious and scrip- tural truth; that there is no redemp- tion but through his blood is asserted beyond all contradiction in the ora- cles of god. but there are a multi- tude of duties which the moral law requires, which christ never fulfilled in our stead, and never could. he has fulfilled none of these duties for us, but he furnishes grace to every true believer to fulfill them to god's glory, the edification of his neighbor, and his own eternal profit. the sal- vation which we receive from god's free mercy, through christ, binds us to live in a strict conformity to the moral law; that law which prescribes our manners, and the spirit by which they should be regulated, and in which they should be performed. wise and otherwise. johnny's complaint. our preacher says—an' course he's right— it's very wrong to tell a fib, (so mother's taught me ever since she rocked me in my little crib), that's why i can't just understand why in his sermons he will run along like sixty when he's said, "but one word more and i have done.' when first i heard him say those words they made me glad, for i, you see, was tired, for half hour sermons seem enough for little folks like me; but gracious ! i was quite surprised to find he'd only just begun, when pausing for a breath, he said, 'but one word more and i have done." i wonder what he'd think if i should say, when at his home i'd sup, just one plum more and i have done," then eat his wife's preserves all up? i guess he'd ask me what i meant, i'd have to say i was in fun, just like he must be when he says, "but one word more and i have done." — wade whipple, in richmond dispatch. they were discussing art matters. "have you ever been done in oil, mr. smith?" "oh, yes," he re- plied.—"who was the artist ?—" he wasn't an artist—he was a broker." —puck. ardent lover — " dearest, i love you only promise that you will be my—" small boy under the wipdow —"game's called, fellers!" excited lover, at window—" say, bub, what's the score?" we are in hot haste to set the world right and to order all affairs; the lord hath the leisure of con- scious power and unerring wisdom, and it will be well for us to learn to wait.— c. h. spurgeon. a southkbn california doctor, bitten by the real estate craze, is said to have put the following directions on a prescription:—" take one-third down, and the remainder in one and two years, secured by a mortgage." angbr swallowed up by pity.— "john, john, there's a burglar in the house! i hear him at the cup- board! "—"where you put that pie?" —" yes. o, john, where are you going ?"—" i'm going down to res- cue him." general mention. for jesus won tbe world through shame, and beckons thee his road. —fabtr. why tun i not a christian? . is it because i am afraid of ridi- cule and what others may say of me? "whosoever shall be ashamed of me and of my words, of him shall the son of man be ashamed." . is it because- of the inconsis- tencies of professing christians? "every man shall give an account of himself to god." . is it because i am not willing to give up all to christ ?" what shall it profit a man if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul?" . is it because i am afraid that i shall not be accepted? "him that cometh unto me i will in no wise cast out." . is it because i fear i am too great a sinner ?" the blood of jesus christ cleanseth from all sin." church literature. the importance of pure church literature cannot be overestimated. every family is made wiser and happier into which a pure literature finds its way; and the boy and girl of the household grow up into man- hood and womanhood "rooted and grounded" in the faith of their fathers and mothers through the in- fluence of sound church literature. if there be spirituality in the church it will find its way into the family that takes its literature. the mem- bers of that family will be regular attendants at church, and will take an interest in the advancement of pure and undefiled religion in the world. circulate your church liter- ature, and crowd out and keep out of the home the pernicious literature of the day. keep the numbers of this paper on file and thereby secure for yourself a complete history of your church and its work. the value of this is apparent. we know persons who have files of their local church papers running back seven years, which contains valuable infor- mation that, if lost, could not be re- placed. lis depths. little boats always totter about on the surface of the water, going all ways, as it happens, and over- turning in a breath, while the great ship sinks deeply and more deeply in and goes steadily on. the cause of its steadiness is its depth. so abiding in the great truths of god gives steadfastness of motion to the soul. under all the pressure of error and unbelief and false doc- trines, it is "immovable, abounding in the work of the lord." it is not "tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive." it is a great thing to take the truth and hold to it. it is a great thing to know error and let it alone. holding on to the funda- mentals of truth, and seeking god's help, the soul is sure to come into the light. everything by turns and nothing long, what growth, what progress can be hoped for ?—dr. goodell. god tells us to bear our burdens every day, and when we look back we shall see that the difficulties that appeared to frown upon us as we faced them, at last smiled upon us. the united states leads all the rest of the world in its telegraphic business, as well as in many other things. she has nearly , miles of wire, stretching all over the continent, like the lines of a spider's web. france comes next, with less than one-third that number of miles; germany follows third, and great britain fourth. but the rates are much cheaper in the last country than anywhere else in the world, consequently the number of mes- sages sent stands next to those trans- mitted in the united states. have you any idea how many that may be? no less than , , in our own country, and about , , in great britain! these are the figures for . the telephone is used scarcely at all in europe, but the record in our country for the same year was , , messages. think what a number of "helios!" the following beautiful illustra- tion is used by dr. guthrie to show the saints' appreciation of the fact that heaven was won or obtained for them by christ, and not by their own merits or exploits: "won by other arms than theirs, it presents the strongest imaginable contrast to the spectacle seen in england's pal- ace on that day when the king de- manded of his assembled nobles by what title they held their lands. 'what title?' at the rash question a hundred swords leaped from their scabbards. advancing on the alarmed monarch, 'by these,' tbey replied, ' we won, and by these we will keep them!' howdifferent the scene which heaven presents! all eyes are fixed on jesus: every look is love; gratitude glows in every bosom, and swells in every song. now with golden harps they sound the savior's praises; and now de- scending from their thrones to do him homage, they cast their crowns in one glittering heap at the feet which were nailed on calvary." christian courage. workman of god ! o lose not heart, but learn what god is like; and ii. darkest battle-field thou shalt know where to strike. thrice blessed is he to whom is given the instinct that can tell that god if on the field, when he is most invisible. blessed, too, is he who can divine where real right doth he, and dares to take the side that seems wrong to man's blindfold eye. then learn to scorn tbe praise of men, and learn to lose with god; use of the presbyterian church, one square west of our own, has been kindly granted. the christian women of all our ann arbor churches will doubtless be much in- terested in these missionary meet- ings. the time of holding the conven- tion is, of course, an unfavorable one for us in ann arbor in the matter of entertainment. it is hoped that our members will prac- tice all possible self denial in order to entertain as many as practicable; and we shall welcome from the homes of others than our own members a continuance of the reci- procity usual among our churches in ann arbor when any one of them is entertaining a representa- tive body of its denomination. all who can etertain either for meals or lodging or for both, and all who may be willing to bear the expense of one or more guests at boarding places to be selected by themselves or by the committee, will be given an opportunity to make the arrange- ment. if any one willing so to provide, is not called upon, a postal card sent to prof. ii. n. chute, chairman of the committee on en- tertainment, will be gratefully re- ceived and the arrangement made. recent additions to the mem- bership. by .letter.—mrs. zellars, miss eliza cady, miss louise cady, miss agnes cady, mrs. hess, miss maud hess, frank hess, mr. hanford, mrs. hanford, mrs. harriet goble miss grace goble. by baptism.—mrs. mary dow- degan, miss lizzie dowdegan, miss nettie hurd. the students. we try to remember that students do not form a distinct zoological species but are human beings. in- deed we consider the students as young gentlemen and ladies whose distinguishing characteristic from other young gentlemen and ladies is simply the fortunate fact that they are able to give their princi- pal energies for the present to the work of self culture. they are here in large numbers because of the far-famed facilities of ann ar- bor for the furtherance of the work of education. it is our belief that the religious work most helpful to the student will be in general that work which would be most helpful to the ordin- ary human being. the church services should not be a continua- tion of the lecture-room method, to which the student is accustomed throughout the week. the preacher who aims over the heads of his ord- inary hearers for the sake of hitting students or college professors is likely to hit nobody. this pulpit will hold ever before it the warn- ing example of the preacher, told of by mr. spurgeon, who preached as though the injunction were not "feed my lambs," but "feed my giraffes." accordingly we invite students not to a lecture-room nor to a par- lor; but to the "living-room" of our church home. we wish them to feel at home in the family and ac- cordingly shall not try perpetually to make "company" of them. let them understand that they have the privileges of the home. in many cases they will find it advisable to bring their church letters with them, and to devote a reasonable amount of their time to church ac- tivity. such a course is demon- strably helpful to most students both in their studies and in their religious life. we shall endeavor to provide a living, working, consecrated church which will aim to do the best pos- sible work for ann arbor, develop ing the field to the utmost. we believe that in so doing, and by the pulpit enforcement of fundamental gospel truth the students of ann arbor will, at the same time, best be reached. the experience of mr. moody at oxford and cambridge has proved that students can be better reached by the gospel even in a faulty literary setting, than by any substitute for the gos- pel, however faultless the literary style. at the same time it is ex- pected that much care will be given in our church activity to maintain the intellectual dignity as well as the simplicity of the gospel. special religious interest. a gradually increasing interest in the services of our church and the attendance upon our meetings, has had an encouraging develop- ment. the meetings of sunday, september th, and of the week preceding, were of so promising a character as to lead the pastor to appoint an inquiry meeting for monday evening, the th. it was not known what results would fol- low, but we were gratified to find fifteen persons present that even- ing, and desiring religious conver- sation with the pastor. two of the fifteen were young christians who had been walking in the dark. several others had been for some time hoping in christ, but had never made the open pro- fession of their faith; still others were earnestly inquiring the way to christ. seven of these had the important matter so thoroughly decided that they wished to go forward without delay in baptism. these seven were examined by the advisory committee and recom- mended to present themselves to the church. one of the seven cases was of special interest. it was that of a student who completed his high school course here last year, and outers the university this fall. he went home this summer expect- ing to be baptized and unite with the home church, but found his church pastorless on his return. not to be thwarted in his noble purpose, he returned to ann arbor before the beginning of the uni- versity year in order to have some extra studies preparatory to his course, and also in order to make public profession of christ in bap- tism before he entered his extended course of study. his clear, manly testimony and action constitute a cheering evidence of the through ness of his conviction. james e. harkins, ann arbor savings buk, d. f. schairer, manufacturer and dealer in pine and staple hardware, stove, tin and sheet irou ware ann arbor, mich, dry goods. pumps and furnaces. capital, $ , . surplus, $ , . assets, $ , . work of all kinds promptly attended to. east huron st., • am arbor, mich. south main street, a general banking business transacted. exchange on all the principal cities bought and sold. ann arbor, - michigan. mayer & overbeck, huxzel & co.. dealers in ann arbor, mich. groceries three per cent. intoreat is allowed on deposit* in the savings department. steam, hot water, ventilation, plumbing crockery and glassware. christian mack, president. w. w. wines, vice president. water supply, drying, drainage and sanitary work. south ail!) st., - ask arbob, mich. chas. e. hiscock, cashier. dealers in all kinds of plumbers' and steam bnpplles. o for first-clas o j. haller, eberbach & son's di ess good watchmaker and jeweler pharmacy. flavoring extracts a specialty trimmings, south main street, ann arror, - - michigan. south main street. carpets, mats, etc. call on ann arbor democrat, the two sams, wines & worden, emma e. bower, edited by one price no. south main street. opera house block. clothiers. oscar o. sorg, pianos, organs, jacob laubengayer, dealer in all dealer in painters' supplies and the fresh and salt meats, house decorating and sign painting a specialty. "stain da rd" sausages of all kinds. south main street. sewing machine eotaet shuttle tallow, lard, etc. telephone . no. south main st., ann arbor, mich. eisele's marble and granite works. ann arbor steam planing mill, luick brothers, imported and american gbaxites, largest stock! marble monuments, lowest prices! manufacturers and dealers in lumber, sash, doors, blinds. door and window frames, casings, base, bond, crown, circular and irregular mould- ings, stair rail brackets, and all kinds of finish for joiners. bracket, scroll and fancy sawing. and all kinds of cemetery work. estimates cheerfully furnished. no. a. south fourth street. shop cor. of detroit and catherine sts. john rauneardner. alvin wilsey. cor. of north and fifth sts., abb arbor. g. luick. e. luick. gh collhsts, i tstjr^. tce. mrs. l. n. fitch, stone lime, water lime, cement dealer in james r. bach, dealer in caldaed pinter, plastering hair, brick, huron street. human hair goods. and all kinds of wood and coal. opfice, no. east huron st. washington street. college laundry. h. kitredge, g. f. stein, liveiy, hack and baggage line. ho. west ann street. dealer in miss c. kapp, (in the rear of edward duffy's grocery store.) fresh and salt meats, orders for trains, parties, weddings, funerals, etc., promptly attended to. bolognas, etc. e. huron st., ann arbor, mich. east liberty street. telephone no. . ann arbor, mich. e. a. calkins & son, trade with mrs. a. otto, dealer jn cash grocer, millinery south state street, ann arbor, mich. - st-a-te street. cheapest place in the city. of all kinds and styles, cheapest place in town. fourth street, • ann arbor, mich. lewis, u,e photographer, can now be found at a south main • street. cabinet photos only # . per doz. call and examine work. v young people. live it down. has your life a bitter sorrow live it down. think about a bright to morrow, live it down. you will find it never pays just to sit, wet-eyed and gaze on the ^rave of vanished days; live it down. is disgrace your galling burden t live it down. you can win a brave heart's guerdon; live it down. make your life so free of blame, that the lustre of your fame shall hide all the olden shame; live it down. has your heart a secret trouble? live it down. useless griefs will make it double, live it down. do not water it with tears— do not feed it with your fears— do not nurse it through the years— live it down. have you mads some awful error t live it down. do not hide your face in terror; live it down. look the world square in the eyes; oo ahead like one who tries to be honored, e're he dies; live it down. saved by his wife's letters. a story was told not long since in a denver court of how a wife's let- ters and a child's picture saved a man's life. the narrator said: on a hot day in july, , a herdsman was moving his cattle to a new ranche further north, near helena, texas, and passing down the banks of a stream other cattle that were grazing in the valley be- came mixed with his herd, and some of them failed to be separated. the next day about noon a band of about a dozen mounted texan rangers overtook the herdsman and demanded their cattle, which they said were stolen. it was before the day of law and court houses in texas, and one had better kill five men than steal a mult worth five dollars, and the herds man knew it. he tried to explain, but they told him to cut it short. he offered to turn over all the cattle not his own, but they laughed at the proposition, and hinted that they usually confiscated the whole herd, and left the thief hanging on a tree as a warning to others in like cases. the poor fellow was completely overcome. they consulted apart for a few moments, and then told him if he had any explanations to make, or business to do, they would illow him ten minutes to do so and defen himself. he turned to the rough faces and commenced: "how many of you have wives?" two or three- nodded. "how many of you have chil- iren?" they nodded again. "then i know who i am talking to, and you'll hear me," and he con- tinued: "i never stole any cattle. i have lived in these parts over three years [ came from new hampshire. i failed in the fall of , during the panic. "i have been saving. i have no home here; my family remain east, for i go from place to place. these clothes i wear are rough, and i am a hard looking customer, but this is a hard country. days seem like months to me, and months like years. "married men, you know that. but for the letters from home," here he pulled out a handful of well-worn envelopes and letters from his wife, "i should get discouraged. "i have paid part of my debts. here are the receipts," and he un- folded the letters of acknowledg- ment. "i expected to sell out and go home in november. "here is the testament my good mother gaye me, here is my little girl's picture;" and he kissed it tenderly, and continued: "now, men, if you have decided to kill me for what i am innocent of, send these home, and send as muoh as you can from the cattle when i'm dead. can't you send half the value? my family will need it." "hold on now, stop right thar," said a rough ranger. "now, i say boys," he continued " i say, let him go. give us your hand, old boy; that picture and them letters did the business. you can go free, but you're lucky, mind ye." "we'll do more than that," said a man with a big heart, in a texan garb, and carrying the customary brace of pistols in his belt, "let's buy his cattle here and let him go." they did, and when the money was paid over, and the man about to start, he was too weak to stand. the long strain of hopes and fears, being away from home under such trying circumstances, the sudden de- liverance from death, had combined to render him helpless as a child. he sank to the ground completely overcome. an hour later, however, he left on horseback for the nearest staging route, and as they shook hands and bade him good-by they looked the happiest band of men i ever saw.— youth's companion. those who wilfully or negligently absent themselves from the lord's house, fall short of the following necessary christian duties: ( ) social prayer. ( ) hymning praise. ( ) gaining knowledge of god. ( ) admonishing and encouraging one another. ( ) speaking often, one to another". ( ) stirring up one another unto love and good works. ( ) en- couraging the preacher of the word in his endeavor to build up the best of all causes. the tongue blessing god without the heart is but a tinkling cymbal; the heart blessing god without the tongue is sweet, but still mnsio; both in concert make that harmony which fills and delights heaven and earth. we need an inspired churoh as well as an inspired bible; inspired men in the pew as well as in pulpit. all men have peculiarities, bat they are worse in some men than in others. is the home. gossips and scandal-mongers. the gossip and the scandal-monger have been execrated from the be- ginning of time. in the crudest forms of organized society the gos- sip was singled out as an object for contumelious remarks. we' find here and there in the bible these references. as far back as leviticus there is this injunction: "thou ihalt not go up and down as a tale- bearer among the people." solomon wrote: "the words of a tale-bearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly." there are other passages to the same intent. the old latin writer juvenal wrote: "there is a lust in man no charm can tame of loudly publishing our neighbor's shame; on eagle's wings immortal scandals fly, while virtuous actions are but born and die. byron in one of his poems has a pertinent allusion to this subject. he says: "in fact, there is nothing makes me so much grieve as that abominable tittle-tattle, which is the cud eschewed by human cattle." but, granting that the gossip and the scandal-monger have their uses with some of the other pestilential vermin of the universe, in each one what a sacrifice of honor and respect and dignity do we see! it is a brutal act to mock the shortcomings of others. it is heartless and wicked to spread the report of misdoing when it is just as much the weakness of one to err as the other. there is no infallibility in this world, and with thii truth in one's mind, how is it possible that one should make of himself a judge of the conduct of others? to be a woman gossip ia bad enough, but a male gossip has no right to exist and to enjoy the pleasures of this life. a man should be in better business. we can partly overlook the sin of soandal- mongering in the weaker sex because with a great many women time hangs heavily upon their hands, and it is certainly very true that "an idle brain is the devil's own work- j shop." society is to blame for this listlessness on the part of many wo- men and their consequent mischiev- ous acts. if it were the fashion to work in place of dawdling and loll- ing, there would be less time to de- vote to our neighbor's business and his or her sins of omission and com-' mission, and surely the results would be more beneficial and healthy to the individual as well as to society. be merciful. where there is one woman with jourage enough to sustain her in the hour of tribulation and with res- olution sufficient to live down a stain upon her reputation and its attend- ing consequences, there are a dozen who give up in despair. a man sur- vives the effects of a tale-bearer's words better than a woman, but even in the case of a man, especially a man of fine sensibilities, the tongue of a gossip is venomous and stings with wasp-like severity. few wom- en there are that can arm themselves against this poison. they bear the punishment so long as they live. do you say that they deserve some penalty that will last with their lives, that will cause them to lose friends, social caste and serenity of mind? then think how easy it is make a mistake; how much loftier a trait of the mind it is to forgive than to censure. is it not the mis- sion of human kind to bring joy and light to hours that are gloomy and darksome? is it not the mission of men and women to assuage the grief of the afflicted and to make the cross light instead of heavy? o! ye that ipare not where mistakes have been made, think of this: if you are with- out sin cast the first stone! if you are not without fault why do you censure? the world is too uncharitable. tom hood's lines— alas for the rarity of christian charity under the sun) echo and re-echo throughout the civilized world. we should culti- vate charity; charity for the short- comings, for the misdeeds of others. what does st. paul say of charity? this: "though i speak with the tongues of men and of angles, and have not charity, i am become as sounding brass, or a tinkling cymbal. * * * and though i bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though i give my body to be burnt, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing. charity suffereth long and*is kind; charity envieth not; charity vaunteth not itself, is not puffed up, doth not behave itself unseemly, seeketh not her own, is not easily provoked, thinketh not evil; rejoiceth not in iniquity, but rejoiceth in the truth; beareth all things, believeth all things, hopeth all things, endureth all things." these words have the ring of the true metal about them. charity is another word for mercy. as we ex- pect to be judged when we are ar- raigned for error so should we judge others. "sweet mercy is nobility's tiue badge," writes shakspheare. in other words, that man is the noblest who is most merciful. mercy is a grand quality of the human soul. shakspeare in his "merchant of venice" puts this exquisite senti- ment in the mouth of portia: "the quality of mercy is not strained, it droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven upon the place beneath; it is twice blest; it blesseth him that gives and him that takes; 'tis mightiest in the mightiest; it be- comes the throned monarch better than his crown." never forget to be merciful where there is error; for "with what measure ye mete it shall be measured to you again."—master geoffrey. one man's charity for another's fault's is sometimes a cloak for his own. riches are never out of style; poverty is never in. koch & henne, furniture, carpets, oil cloths and draperies. ordered work and repairing a specialty. undertaking promptly attended to. noi. and south main st., ann arbor, - - mich. the student's bookstore, state street, carry the largest stock of books and bibles of all kinds, and offer them at new york prices. ladles' fine stationery a specialty. sheehan & co., proprietors. barter shop—hot or coli baths call at the old stand over the postofflce, which has changed hands, and has been renewed throughout. call and see me, and i will guaran- tee satisfaction. respectfully, jerome freeman. p. s. ladies bath rooms entirely separate from the barber shop. cousins & hall florists. choice cut flowers and floral designs a specialty. south university avenue. telephone . miss buell, fashionable dressmaker orders for dress and cloak making will be taken at no. sonth main st., first floor. subscribe for the courier, and get home news. one dollar per year. miss j. cannon, millinery no. opera house block, ann arbor, - michigan. for artistic portraits call at the studio of i. m. long & co., & pont office block, ami abbob, mich. portraits in india ink with a french crayon finish a [specialty. fred. henne, teas, coffees and spices a specialty. no. s south main st., ann abbob. walter toop, the state street baker and confectioner, south main street. ceo. l. moore, dealer in staple am fancy groceries no. south state st., ann arror, - michigan. zina p. king, attorney and counselor particular attention given to the law of real property and collections. main st. soutb, ann arror. william herz, hodse, sign, fresco painter and decorator. paper hadging, glazing and calclmining. no. w. washington st., ann abbor. j. q. a. sessions, real estate! insurance office, no. north main street. houses fob sale ob to bent. particular attentlo to carriage and bus loads. ; fur ladies to drive. & n. th st., e. side of court house, ann arbor. mich. c. eberbach, realer in general and builders' hardware, furnaces. mantles, house furnishing goods, stoves, agricultural implements, guns, iron, glass, cut- lery, pumps, kubbor and leather beltiag. manufacturer of tin, sheet iron and copperware- & main stbeet. change hats with a. l. noble. bring the boys to a. l. noble's. buy a suit yourself of a. l. noble made from strong muslin, with fine linen bosom, and nicely laundried, only cents, at -a.. l. itoblb's, sign of the red star, clothier and hatter. the ann arbor baptist. vol. . ann arbor, october, . no. . first baptist church op ann arbor. mich. church directory. rev. a. . cabman, - - - pastor. no. thompson street. deacons. paul snauble, w. h. dorrance, v. m. spalding, j. b. cady, w. h. freeman, c. m. stark. trustees. the deacons add prof. w. w. beman, prof. j. g. pattengill, h. b. dodsley. treasurer. prof. w. w. beman. no. s. fifth street. clerk. prof. j. f. eastwood; assistant clerk, w. h. dorrance, jr. sunday school. superintendent, c. m. stark; assistant super- intendent, dr. u. w. lacea; secretary and trea- surer, prof. h. n. chute; assistant secretary and treasurer, alvln h. dodsley; librarians, w. h. dorrance, jr., john dowdegan; chorister, j. r. sage; organist, miss jennie bird. senior bible class, prof. v. m. spalding, teach- er; students' clasp. prof. w. w. beman, teach- er; normal class, mrs. dr. stevens, teacher. students classes, professors beman and dem- mon; h. . class, prof. j. w. pattengill. committees and societies. music committee-dr. o. w. green, prof. h. n. chute, w. h. freeman. ladles' aid society—mrs. prof. beman, prest. ladies' missionary society—miss h. m. spald- ing, president. young people's society—mr. grant, president. committee on assignment of pews—h. n. chute, h. b. dodsley, u. w. green. finance committee—prof. w. w. beman, paul snauble. prof. v. m. spalding. advisory committee on membership and disci- pline^—the pastor and deacons. schedule of benevolent contributions. econd sunday in june subscription for min- ister's home, payable first sunday in july. second sunday in september, subscriptions for state missions, payable first sunday in october. second sunday in november, subscription for borne missions, payable second sunday in de- cember. second sunday in january, subscription for foreign missions, payable second sunday in february. second sunduy in march, subscriptions for min- isterial education, payable second sunday in april. last sunday in each month, collection for ex- penses of the sunday school. plan of finance. a definite weekly or monthly contribution from every member. pews not rented, but assigned to contributors by lot. a number of the best pews reserved for strangers and students. regular services. preaching services—sunday, at : a. m. and : p. k. sunday school—at noon. young people's meeting—sunday at : p. m. general prayer meeting—wednesday, at : p. m. covenant meeting— wednesday evening preced- ing firstsunday of each month. the lord's supper—first sunday of each month. ladles missionary society—second friday of each month, p. m. the pastor will gladly receive at his home or visit at their homes those wishing counsel upon religious matters, or those in trouble or affliction, or strangers, whether members of the church or not. his mornings are reserved for study; his afternoons and evenings usually devoted to call- ing or to the meeting of appointments at his members received during sep- tember. mrs. emily mains, s. twelfth street, by letter. mr. elmer mains, s. twelfth street, by letter. miss eva mains, s. twelfth street, by letter. miss jennett case, maynard and williams streets, by letter. mrs. katet. moore,unity block, on experience. miss mary e. moore, unity blocl by letter. miss genevieve storms, broadway, by baptism. sadie storms, bowery, by baptism. mr. w. e. tichenor, university, by baptism. miss nina doty, thayer and ann streets, by baptism. miss emma morgan, s. state street, by baptism. miss nellie hurd, s. thayer street, by baptism. perry goble, north street, by baptism. our prayer meeting*. at : o'clock every sunday evening our young people's meet- ing is held. it has large opportu- nity for good, and we wish it to be a very prosperous meeting during the coming year. this constitutes the most convenient time for the students of the university and high school to attend a prayer meeting which will not conflict with any of the meetings of their christian association, and it brings students and other young people into chris- tian acquaintance. the meetings have been maintained all summer this year, and the influx of new | material with the beginning of the school and university work this fall gives great added interest. it is desirable that all of our young people attend and participate in these meetings. the wednesday evening prayer meeting, however, must not be considered as an old people's prayer meeting for which the young have no responsibility; it is the general prayer meeting for all of the church membership, and the youngest lad in the church as well as the oldest member; the most illiterate member as well as our most learned university pro- fessors, have the full privilege and duty of the wednesday evening prayer meeting for their very own. welcome is also extended to all who wish to attend this meeting to do so. our young people's society, which has the conduct of the sun- day evening prayer meeting, desires to enroll in its membership all of our young people. it affords to those residing temporarily among us for the purpose of study an op- portunity to have a definite connec- tion with church work, although their membership may be held else- where. please be careful to inform the pastor of any cases of sickness in your own family or in that of others of our congregation. he cannot be sure of knowing of the matter otherwise. it is always in place for you to send word to your pas- tor when sickness or trouble keeps you from the services of the church. such word will serve the double purpose of excusing your absence and notifying the pastor of the matter. (additional local on page .) ■ tho world of beauty. by the late edwin h. kevin, d.d. i have read of ft world of beauty. where there is no gloomy night, where love is the main spring of duly, and god the fountain of light. and i long to be there! i have read of the flowing river, that bursts from beneath the throne, and the beautiful trees that ever are found on i s banks alone. and long to be there! i have read of the myriad choir, of the angels uarning there. of their h dy lovo that burns like flro, and the sinning robes they wear. and i long to be there! i have rend of the sanctified throng, that passul fiom the earth to heaven, aid llure unite in the loudest song of prni'c for llnir sins forgiven. and i long to be there! i have read of their freedom from in, and suffering and sorrow too. and the peace and joy they feel within, as their tiscn lord they view. and i long to be there! i long to rise to that world of light. and to brcitlic its balmy air, i long to walk with the lamb in white, and shout with the angels there. , i long to bo there! a suggestion from dennis. "when dennis mentioned the mat- ter for the first time. i was almost indignant. we were sitting at the fireside one evening—he had been reading the paper, and i was almost dozing over a dull book—when he looked up quite suddenly and said: "i have been thinking, clara, that you and i should begin giving sys- tematically." "giving systematically to what?" i asked in genuine surprise, and en- deavored to look widc-awako and interested. "why, to tho church and mis- sions and so on," exclaimed dennis. "give what?" i asked again, set- ting my lips a trifle firmer, and mak- ing it just as hard for poor dennis as i could. "money, of course," ho answered. "you know what i mean, dear. sup- pose wo keep a tithe box. at pres- ent wo really give nothing worth speaking of. wo mean to, bnt when sabbath comes there is no small change in the house, or we neglect to take it. then wo have not felt able to pay for sittings in the church, and it is beginning to seem easier to tay away than to ask the ushers for seats every time. if we had tho tithe money, things would be very different with us, i imagine." "whatever aro you thinking of, denni! ," said i, "to talk so soberly of giving, when you know that we have not nearly enough to live on as it is? it is more of a problem every day, with our income, to make ends meet. to bo sure, one tenth is small enoagh to be ridiculous; we would not care to have anyone know bow small; but we could never do without it, that is certain." i looked meaningly around the plain little room, with its modest, lonely looking furniture, and re- minded dennis of the rent which was overdue, and the many things which wo both needed. i even quoted scripture to the effect that if any one provide not for his own he is worse than an infidel; and, being fairly started, soon talked both him and myself into a very dissatisfied frame of mind. it all ended in den- nis saying: "oh, well! no doubt, as you say, what is impossible is im- possible, and that ends it. but i do wish we wero able to give some- thing." tho matter was not again referred to between us, but it came again and again to my mind. it seemed quite out of my power to forget it; for i was conscious that the responsibility of the final decision being mine, the guilt, if guilt there were, was mine, too. but dennis did not have his salary raised, and expenses increased rather than lessened, economize as i would. it was still true that there was frequently no money for the sabbath collections, regular or special; and we attended services less and less frequently, feeling sure our acquaintances remarked our having no sitting in our own church. in this state of affairs a serious illness came to me; and, as i needed constant care, dennis, who was very busy in tho office, proposed that we end for a young girl whom we had become interested in, as a child, in the orphan's home. i knew she had experience in attend- ing tho sick, and rather unwillingly consented. maggie was a capable, well trained girl, and made herself very necessary to me from tho first day. sho had a peculiarly gentle and pleasing voice, and i loved to hear it so well that, during my con- valescence, i kept her talking on one pretex or another most of the time. in this spirit, i asked her rather languidly one day what she kept in a little pasteboard box i had several times noticed in her hands. "this is my tithe box," said mag- gie, turning her honest blue eyes full upon me. "i was just counting tho money over to seo how much i have for the missions next sabbath." "why, child," said i, "come hero and sit by me; i wanttotalk to you. do you mean to tell me you give a tenth to the lord?" the girl was rather surprised at my vehemence; but she answered simply: "why, yes ma'am. i'm very sorry it is so little i can give, having only my earnings. some- times i think it would be nearer right if i, whose whole is such a trifle, should give one-fifth. thero is so much need of money, you know. it is different with rich peo- : plo; one-tenth of their money is a great deal, and so much good can be accomplished with it." i winoed under maggie's ingenious argument—such decided inversion of mine; but she, sweet child, all un- i concious of my thought", went on | to tell mo of the good matron at the home, who had taught her, as a little j child, that she had a father in | ueaven ready to be more to her than the father and mother she had lost. sho told us," said maggie, "that when jesus left tho earth, after his resurrection, he put tho missionary work he had begun do- ing for three years—and, £or that matter, all his life, the matron said —in our bands to do for him; and he said plainly that every, one of us who love ilira should show it by •what wo do of the work lie loved. if we cannot preach or teach or give up all our time to him here or over the seas, we can at least give part of our money to ilim. she liked to give a tenth, beoause that was god's own plan for the people ho loved; and so must be the division of one's money which pleases him best. 'it is his right,' the dear matron said one day, 'to have a tenth of our all; and after that if we spare more, we can call it a gift., she gave us a tithe-box, and tho very first money i earned, all my own, i put a tenth in it. since then i always have a little to give to the lord's work, though it grieves mo that it is often only a few cents, when hundreds of dollars are needed. cut i remem- ber the matron's saying that it is wicked to fret about that; we must pray the more for bis blessings on the little." "but how do you manage to live, maggie? do you have anything left for yourself?" "oh, yes! i earn money by work- ing in different ways—sewing, and helping sick ladies like you; and what is left after i count out the tenth seems to go so far in buying what i need that i always have enough." "so your matson thonght that everyone should give a tenth to the lord, maggie?" "no. ma'am," was the quiet "ans- wer. "she did not say we ought to; she did not think of it in that way. but she said that, like the other plans the good lord has made for our every-day living, it is really all to make us good and happy. we are glad when wo once begin to give in that way, and in tho nine- tenths which we keep are blessed of him with tho one he accepts; so it is lifted above being ordinary money, and docs us far more good." my mind was busy with these sweet words long after maggie had left me; and the question came: if she can give out of her pitiful poverty, what is my excuse? yep, i saw clearly now. i had been all in tho wrong, and a stumbling-block to my husband. so, in the evening, as we sat cosily by tho fire again, both happy in my returning strength, i said to dennis: "i have learned a lesson which makes my illness a blessing, doar. shall i tell you of it?" and i told him of maggie's ministering to my soul, as well as to my body, and showed him a little box on which was written "tithes." dennis did not speak at first, but a glad look hono in his eyes, and he clasped my hand very tenderly. "tho lord's hand is in this, clara," he said at last. "wo will pledge a tithe of all god ever gives us over this little box, won't we?" the first bit of money went inside the lid that very night, and a new content came into both our hearts. any day has an added pleasure when dennis and i sit tije by side to count out the tenth and put it safely away. there is no more trouble about money for missions. we soon found that we could afford a modest scat in tho church, and straightway felt at home there as never before. it would be a half truth to say we never miss that money. it has brought us a blessing. though we arc not rich, and probably never will be, wo are content, which is far bet- ter, and need to fret about matters no more. "o dennis," i said the other day, "how well worth heed- ing this suggestion of yours has proved!"—[interior. not every soul can extend its influence right and left, but every soul can extend its progress upward. "it's a small piece of ground," said a householder of his building lot, "but i own all the way up."—[san- day school times. when the battle of corioli was being won through tho stimulus given to the soldiers by tho impas- sioned vigor of caius marcius they mourned to see their leader covered with wounds and blood. they begged h:m to retire to the camp, but with characteristic bravery ho exclaimed: 'it is not for conquer- ors to be tired!" and joined them in prosecuting tho victory to its bril- liant end. such language might well become the christian warrior. ho is tempted to lie down and rest before tho conquest is complete and tho triumph thoroughly achieved; but his conquests should but stir him with holy zeal and fire him with a sublime courage, that ho may be faithful unto death, and then receivo a crown of life. geocge marsh, who was mar- tyred in the rein of queen mary, in a letter to some friends at manches- ter, wrote: "the servants of god cannot at any time coino and stand befoie god, that is, lead a godly lifo and walk innocently before god, but satan cometh also among them, that is, he daily accuseth, findcth fault, vexeth, persecutcth, and troub- leth the godly; for it is tho nature and property of the devil always to hurt, and do mischief, unless he be forbidden of god; but unless gjd doth permit him he can do nothing at all, not so much as enter into a filthy hog." a christian tradesman bethought him that he had never spoken to a certain regular customer about his soul, though tho man had called at his shop for years. he determined to plead earnestly with him next time he came in his way. then teas no next lime; his customer died suddenly, so that ho caw him no more. pill, brief or long, my granted span of life with love to hec and man; strike when thou wilt the hour of rest, but let my last days bo my best. — mittier. randall leafier in fine millinery, art goods and photography, east huron st. henry richards, r»* —dealer in— hard wood lumber, «coal,^ hard and soft wood. no. detroit street. o for firstc dress goods, trimmings, carpets, mats, etc. call on wines & wordkn. no. south main street. call on coodyear <fc st. james, when in need of anything in the dry m.ik popular goods at popular prices. south main street. stark & gartee, painters and decorators. in arbor savings bait ann arbor, mich, capital stock, $ , . surplus, $ , assets, $ , . a general banking business transacted. exchange on all tbe principal cities bought and sold. tbree per cent. interest is allowed on deposits in tbe savings department. christian mack, president. w. w. wines, vice president. cha . e. hi c ck, cashier. a : t t : e : n : d the ann arbor short hand school sure! j. haller, watchmaker and jeweler south main street, ann arbor, - . michigan. h ij t zel & co., ann arbor, mich. steam, hot water, ventilation, plumbing water supply, drying, drainage and sanitary work. dealers in all kinds of plumbers' and steam soppliei. eberbach & son's pharmacy. flavoring extracts a specialty south main street. dr.c. e. fitzgerald, e. washington st. office hours: to a. m. to p. m. dealers in painters' supplies. cor liberty an fourth sts. john baumgartner ■ (successor to eisele's) j marble land i granite! works. imported and american granites, marble monu- ments and all kinds of cemer*ry work. estimates cheerfully furnished- shop cor. detroit and catherine streets. **"lt on receipt of cents we will send _ _ prepaid to any address, superfine c ii fy bristol cards (or for c), with i y°ur name printed exactly like steel faf u u i photoengraving worth at least $ . i in any printing office. write name and address plainly. remit by postal note or order. address, cbubch and school publishing co., detroit, mich. j. t. jacobs & co. are happy! business never was better. their mammoth store is just like a bee hive. the old saying comes up, "sell cheap and people will buy." low prices, good goods and fair dealing catch the buyers. many words do not go for much. people are looking for the place to save money. j. t. jacobs & co., head- quarters for clothing, hats, caps, gloves, mittens, gent's furnishings. c. f. burkhardt, wholesale and retail manufacturer of harness, collars, saddlesi bridles. also dealer in trunks, valises, shawl straps, whips, blankets, brushes, etc. no. east huron st. cmlkins' pharmacy state st. mrs. mabel keith, especially invites the ladies of ann arbor to visit her new store at no. s. state st., and see call and see what a complete stock means. bo south state street. schuhe & muehlig, hardware, stoves and housefurnishing goods. pltjmbina, steam and hot water heating. south main st. students! don't forged the old • home * laundry, n . vj ann street, where you can get your collars, cuff's and shirts done up in the latest style. goods called for and delivered free of chai ge. m. j. martin, pdoprietor. photogbaphs. lewis, tne photographer, can now be found at south main •tree!. cabinet photos only $ . par dos. gall and examine work. outline lessons for church classes. arranged by rev. . u. a vans, b. d. second sebies.-seyen lessons on the new testament. first lesson. i-hooks and writers ok tub new testa- ment. . analysis of tlie nets testament. the books of the new testament are arranged according to their character and not in the order written. there are ( ) five historical books, ( ) twenty one epistles, ( ) one pro- phetical book. the first class is divided into (a) four gospel books, (b) the acts of the apostles. the second class is divided into (a) fourteen pauline epistles, and (b) seven general epistles. (let the names of the books be learned in their order.) . explanation of names, etc. the gos- pel books and the general epistles—circular letters—take the names of their writers; the pauline epistles, the names of the churches and persons addressed; and the acts and revelation, the names of their subjects. nine of the pauline epistles are addressed to churches; they are arranged in the order of the importance of the cities in which the churches were located. four are addressed to individuals. hebrews, though classified with the pauline epistles, in accordance with the general usage, is a treatise rather than a letter, written to show the superiority of christianity over juda- ism. its authorship is unknown, though it probably had the sanction of paul. . writers. ( ) matthew or levi, a cus- tom officer, afterward an apostle, born at capernaum, wrote the gospel for the jews. ( ) john mark born at jeru- salem, a companion of paul, after- ward of peter, wrote the gospel under peter's direction for the komans. ( ) luke, the only gentile writer of the new testa- ment, born at antioch, a physician and the companion and * amanuensis of paul, wrote the gospel under paul's direction for the greeks; he also wrote the acts to show how christianity ceased to be jewish and became *cosmopolitical. ( ) john, a fisherman, afterward an apostle, born at bethsaida (fishville), wrote the gospel for chris- tians, also three epistles in which the prin- cipal theme is christian love, and revela- tion, which foretells in highly figurative language the triumph of christianity. ( ) paul or saul, born at tarsus, by trade a tent-maker, afterward the apostle to the gentiles, wrote thirteen epistles, his princi- pal theme being christian faith. ( ) peter, simon, a fisherman and an apostle, born at bethsaida, wrote two epistles, his principal theme being christian endurance. ( ) the '' brothers of our lord" james and jude or judas, born at nazareth, each wrote an epistle, james on christian morality, and jude warnings against false doctrine. ii-tiie beatitudes. . the sermon on the mount may be called our lord's inaugural address. in it he gives a summary of the principles of the gospel dispensation. he sets forth the essential characteristics of the christian religion, distinguishes it from judaism and gives warnings against its main hinder- ances. . christian characteristics are set forth in nine particulars. they are the successive steps to a christian character as well as permanent traits. they are: conscious spiritual need, sorrow on account of need, a receptive heart, a longing after righteous- ness, a merciful disposition, purity of heart, peace making, endurance of persecu- tion, endurance of reproach. . christian blessedness which is in- separable from christian character is not; of a worldly nature. it consists in having christ as our sovereign, in being righteous, in seeing — knowing — god, n being called the children of god and other bless- ings of like character. iii-daily readings, matt i-vii. memory verses, matt. v: iii-ix. second lesson. i-the four-fold gospel. . the gospel matter. there was a gos- pel, that is a gospel matter, before the gos- pel books were written. the words and deeds of christ were treasured in the mem- ories of the apostles and were the staple of their preaching, which was often in one another's hearing. thus the * oral gospel came to have great sameness of expression. . the memoirs. the early christians called the gospel-books * memoirs. two, matthew and john, were written by apostles; and two, mark and luke, with apostolic sanction. before they were written many unauthorized accounts, more or less fragmentary, appeared (mark : ), but they were all short lived. the •synoptics matthew, mark and luke are * transcripts of the oral gospel, which ex- plains their verbal * identities; the fourth is supplementary and is made up of personal * reminiscences. . ihe need of four. christ came at the conflux of three civilizations, jewish, roman and greek. these races and civil- izations were everywhere, each had helped to bring in the "fullness of time" (gal. : ), and each needed a different presenta- tion of the gospel. hence the gospel-books are unlike in design and method as well as in style; they cannot be combined into one continuous and symmetrical whole. . jewish civilization. the jew had done a preparatory work by spreading everywhere * monotheistic ideas. his civilization and history were religious. he was a man of the old testament. christ must be presented to him as the messiah of prophecy, and appeal must be made to the jewish scriptures. matthew wrote for the jews. . roman civilization. the roman had prepared a universal empire for the spread of the gospel. his was a civiliza- tion of power. roman history was a history of conquest and law. the roman was a man of action. christ must be pre- sented to him as the universal conqueror and king, and the account must be short and graphic. mark wrote for the romans. . greek civilization. the greek had prepared an elect language for the gospel literature. his was a civilization of letters. greek history was a history of culture. the greek was a man of taste and reason. christ must be presented to him as the ideal man, and the account must be scholarly. luke wrote for the greeks. ; . christian civilization. through these three missionary gospels a new civilization arose, the christian. the christian was a man of faith and spiritual discernment. christ must be presented to him as the light and life of men and the spiritual aspect of the gospel must be prominent. john wrote for christians. -introduction to matthew. . design. papias in the first century and irenaeus in the second, testify that matthew wrote the gospel in hebrew for the jews. jerome says he saw the original hebrew and transcribed it. . plan. the central thought is that jesus is the promised messiah and it givas the unfolding of his kingdom. it traces his genealogy to david and abraham. it is based on the old testament, using fre- quently the formula, "as it was written." it omits all explanations of jewish customs and topography. . the author. matthew was a repre- sentative jew. he knew the people and their messianic expectations, and was well acquainted with the old testament. he was adapted to write the gospel for the jews. hi-daily readings, matt. viii-xtv. mem- ory verses, matt. v: - . third lesson. i-the making of the new testament— periods of writing. . the pauline period, - a. d. dur- ing paul's second missionary tour, while he was at corinth in , he wrote the first book of the new testament, i thess.; the next year at the same place he wrote ii thess. during his third tour in he wrote at ephesus, i cor., and a little later at pmlippi, ii cor. during his first im- prisonment at rome he wrote col., phile., eph. and phili. james was written about the same time at jerusalem. . the general period, - a. d. matt, was written at jerusalem, mark at rome, luke and acts in greece, i pet. and h pet. at babylon, hebrew and jude all in or . i tim. in macedonia in , titus at ephesus in , and ii tim. at rome in . it is not known where heb. and jude were written. matt, in its hebrew form was probably written earlier. . the johannean period, - a. d. the epistles of john were written at ephesus in the earlier part of the period. rev. at patmos, or , and john at ephesus . time and manner of reception. . tlie writings of the apostles were dis- tinguished from the first from all others and after the death of the apostles were eagerly sought for. when a church be- came convinced that a book was written by an apostle or with apostolic sanction, it was immediately given a] place in the * canon. . the * homologoumena, consisting of the four memoirs, acts, thirteen pauline epistles, i john and i peter, seven-eighths of all, were thus received without con- troversy as soon as known. . tlie * antilegomcna, consisting of heb., jas., ii pet., ii john, iii john, jude and rev., were gradually received as the evidence of their apostolic origin be- came known. ■ . the delay in their acceptance is easily led by the spirit. iiow does he lead us? i reply, by acting upon and asserting his su- premacy within every faculty of our nature. he captivates our imagi- nation, setting before our minds a high and godlike ideal, the very con- templation of which awakes a holy enthusiasm within our souls. he enlightens our understandings giv- ing us to know more and more of the mystery of his will. he warms our affection by such manifestations of the love of god as must necessar- ily awaken a response, even within our cold hearts. he binds us in the chains of our holy friendship to the eternal god, establishing a blessed intercourse and fellowship between the human sonl and its lord; and thus, through our imagination, our understanding, our affections, he wields our will as the instrument of his own good pleasure—wields it in happy obedience surrendered to his control. led of the spirit! now does ne lead us? very delicately,very gent- ly, a step at a time, not laying be- fore us the map of our future lives, but indicating what can be done at the moment; and as he gives the light, he assures us of the power: "i will guide thee by mine eye." o brethren, if we would bo led by him, how jealous need we to be of any thing which in any way inter- feres with our intercourse with him! how jealous of any object which draws aside our gaze from him! surely it is only as it becomes the habit of cur life to look into his face, that we can be guided by his eye! and it is just here that we fail. we let a cold- ness arise in our intercourse; we grieve that gentle, sensitive spirit by our indifference; then, as wo lose the light of his eye, wo begin to look about for some substitute for our heavenly guide, and by and by wo put the bit and the bridle of the law into oar mouth, and offer our- selves to be dragged hither and thither, oven while wo might still hear his voice whisper in our ear, "be ye not like unto horse and mule, ichich have no understanding, avhose mouth must bo held^ with bit and bridle." o, my dear brethren, if you desire to grow in grace, yield an eager and ready ear to the slightest suggestion of the spirit's mind and will. thus shall you understand more and more lfully what st. john meant when ho saij to his disciples, "ye have an unction from the holy one, and ye know all things." now does he lead us? certainly by the "word." as the word is his sword in attacking the human heart, so the word is his lamp in guiding our steps. without tho spirit the word is but "tho letter thatkilleth;" but when we put the bible into his hand, and ask him to open the sealed book, what treasures do wo discover there. should we not read our bibles to better purpose if wo made it a rule never to open them without first confessing our inability to dis- cover the truth, even when god has revealed it? casting ourselves in simple faith on the divine illumina- tor, that in the study of the word; and by tho word thus studied, we may be led of tho spirit of god. how docs he lead us? by wit- nessing to the character of christ, he does not speak of himself, but he takes things to christ and shows them to us. we may have a senti- mental admiration for jesus without being the subjects of tho spirit'.s teaching, but wo only know him personally as the divine spirit re- veals him to us. then it is that the soul, captivated by the beauty of her lord, breathes forth her earnest de- sire, " draw me, i will run after thee," and thus it is that, beholding his glory, wc are changed into the same image, from glory unto glory, as by the spirit of god. what wonder that the holy spirit should lead us in tho steps of christ, when wo consider that it was ho who led the christ himself! it was by the spirit that christ was led into the wilderness to bo tempted of the devil, and by tho same spirit that he was led in that last fatal journey when ho set his face steadfastly to go up to jerusalem; and it was hy tho eternal spirit that he offered himself for human sin. surely, brethren, ho who led christ so well may be trusted to lead us where christ is gone.—]tho rev. w. ii. aitken. an old sea captain was riding in the cars, and a young man sat down by hia side. he said, "young man, where are you going?" "i am going to philadelphia to live." "nave you any letters of intro- duction?" "yes," said the young man, and he pulled some of them out. "well," said the old sea captain, "have you a church certificate?" "o yes," said the young man. "i did not suppose you desired to look at that." "yes," said the sea captain, "i want to look at that. as soon as you reach philadelphia, present that to some christian church. i am an old sailor, and i have been np and down in tho world, and it is my rule, as on as i get into port, to fasten my ship fore and aft to the wharf, although it may cost a little wharfage, rather than have my «bip out in tho stream, floating hither and thither with tho tide."—[leaves of light. in all that wc do wo have a right to consider the effect it will havo upon our characters, or upon the up- building and development of our higher natures. no man is required to do what will belittle him. all preaching starts from '-"christ crucified" and returns to that. it - no narrow theme, but a swivel gnu that may bo swung in any direction and directed to every practical issue of life. / sam. small before his refor- mation. as told by himself. i married a lovable woman; bat i disregarded the love and devotion of that precious wife. i went on and on, unheeding her council, disre- garding her prayers, and from day to day getting grosser and grosser in my appetites, and getting more brutal in my insensibility to her pleadings and her prayers. and when children came to bless my home, even the sight of them in their little cradles, unconscious in the first moments of their life, and with the smiles -of god drawing responsive smiles from them — i found it impossible for me to know that i was doing that which would sooner or later bring shame and deg- radation upon those innocent babies; and as they grew from year to year, their voices came and they prattled about me, it was only at dis- tant intervals that i began to re- gard the future that was stretch- ing far off in the distance before them, and which i must make either one of peace and pleasure or one of dispair and wretchedness. and year after year i went on in this course of sin and wickedness, and the light of my home went out. the love of my wife gave way, but the process of murder of affection could not last forever; and i saw at last, it seemedjto me, that she had returned from the sepulcher in which she had laid it away in its tear-be- dewed cerements forever. i could see that the love and affection of my children was turning from me daily ( seemingly by intuition. they saw i was not he who was appointed to be their father in the manifestations of fatherhood that i made to them. i could know, and know with a treble emphasis, that drove unutterable horrors into ray soul, but it seemed only to drive me further and fur- ther into despair, that they would at my coining flee from my presence far away into the darkest and re- motest parts of the house, for fear of the consequences of meeting their father, i had friends, friends in position, friends high in authority, friends who were true and steadfast to me; but they, too, were unable to paint to me any picture that would allure me from the one i was painting with my own hand in the horrible colors of hell itself. they would point to me a goal 'that my bleared and confused vision would not see. they would endeavor to lift me up on planes of hope and sensibilities of ambition that i had ceased to be sensible of, as being worthy of achievement. they would endeav- or to control my appetite, and find it as useless as to bind with a cotten-woven string the raging lion of the arid and tempest-swept des- ert. i had at times my lucid inter- vals when there would come memo- ries of mother's prayer, of father's counsel, of wife's tears and of chil- dren's mute and helpless look, and i. would say to myself, "i will sum- mon to my aid all the powers of my soul and monhood, and i will put under foot this monster of hideous mein that is dragging me down into degradation, into social ruin, and taking fast hold upon my soul, and which sooner or later will drag it a trophy into hell. i would summon all my powers only to find that i was weaker than a babe in the arms of so strong a passion as i had awakened. i would go to physicians and ask them in the name of my family and future to do something for me, if indeed there has been found medi- cine on earth to minister to a mind diseased and an appetite debauched, and they would exhaust their knowl- edge and their skill, and hundreds and thousands of dollars did i spend in the endeavor to reinforce will, manhood, and my own powers of repression, but all in vain. there were antidotes that were published abroad in the world, and with the use of which cures are guaranteed, but all, all in vain. i spent dollars and thousands of dol- lars, and hours and days of time, ai^d i purchased advertised efficient and warranted cures for drunkenness, and i was as faithful in the applica- tion of them as ever human being was, but all in vain! vainl! vain!!! there was no medicament in them to my aroused passion and appetite. i went so far that my wife, under the laws then existing in georgia, had written, by the judge of the court in which i was official short- hand reporter, a legal notice, couched in the language of the law, and had the notice served upon every dealer in liquors in the city of atlanta, warning them, under the penalty of the law, not to let me have their damning fluid over their counters, and yet, outlaws as they were, disregarding my interest, dis- regarding my wife's pleading and the tears of my children, and disre- garding the very laws of the land, they still continued to supply me with the horrible draught for which my inmost nature seemed craving with insanity. they even employed attendants and detectives who followed me as i went about on my business in the streets of my city, and they fol- lowed me with the purpose, and were employed for the purpose, of keeping the men who would not keep the law themselves, from fur- nishing me with whiskey, and yet i in conjunction with them, was able to hoodwink and defy detectives and law. further and further, deeper and deeper, i was sinking; i was get- ting hopeless for business; hope- less for social standing; hopeless for all temporal interests of this world; hopeless for eternity; and in the very madness of my disordered brain, and in my very soul, there seemed at times no avenue of escape at all from the self-imposed bond- age, except through insanity on one hand or through suicide on the other. i saw that my wife and children had given up all hope: that they did not know, from day to day how i would come home to them. they had seen me brought there, day after day, time after time, insensible and unable to recognize them from the influence of this deadly and poisonous drug. they had seen me when i was brought in and laid on ray bed covered with blood, and it seemed as though my days were in- deed numbered, and that i would soon fall in the midst of my iniquity. they had seen me when i was brought home with the wounds of the knife and pistol on my body, and they had heard the rumors from the streets and dives of the dangers with which i had been constantly surrounded of late. to them it seemed as though there was no avenue, no loophole of escape for me from a terrible death. there was not a sign of hope or spirit beaming out from their beautiful faces. they knew not, from day to day, whether i would live to greet them another day. they ljnew not whether, if my life was prolonged, they would be able to procure the very necessities of life from day to day. they knew not at what hour the very shelter that shielded them from the storm and from the heat would be removed from over their heads, and they removed from under its shelter. there were visions of uncertainty, of the sheriff to dis- possess, of the heartless landlord to distrain for rent, of the creditor to to come and take all. there was no future ahead of them except a future of impenetrable gloom, through which seemed to come nothing but warnings of deeper woe and agonies yet to come! there is no safe investment save that which is made in the bank of which god holds the key.—talmage. stonewall jackson. at the time of the second battle of bull run the whole southern country was quivering with excite- ment, the telegraph wires being down, and the people being anxious to learn the result of the battle which they knew had just been fought. there was, of course, the greatest excitement at lexington, va., the home of stonewall jack- son, since it was known that he was engaged in the battle, and intelli- gence of the result had not yet been received. but there was a letter at the post-office addressed in general jackson's own handwriting to his pastor, the rev. dr. white. the good minister took out the letter, the people thronged around him, and putting him on a dry-goods box, in- sisted that he should read this letter which had come fresh from the battle-field. with trembling hands he tore it open and when he could sufficiently control his feelings, read somewhat as follows: "my dear pastor: remember- ing that to-day is the occasion for taking up the annual collection for foreign missions, i beg leave to en- close my contribution for that object. i remain yours, "t. j. jackson." tbe smile 'era up committee. we have recently heard of the above named committee for church work. we think the name origin- ated with a bright man, in the good old state of connecticut, to which we are indebted for so many bright and useful things. the smile 'em up committee! the very name indi- cates its duties. it stands at the door of the church, or vestry, and sees every one who steps within. here comes an awkward lout who will wriggle into the back seat, and wriggle out again before the bene- diction is pronounced, if he is allowed to do so, unless the smile 'em up committee frustrates his intention, and, almost before he knows it, escorts him up nearer the desk, where the pastor and deacon greatheart can speak a kind word to him before he goes home. and here comes the inevitable young man and "his best girl," as he calls her. the smile em up committee knows well enough what they have come to church for, and resolves to thwart their plans of desecrating the house of god; they take them in hand, so to speak, with a winning smile that cannot be re- sisted, and show them a seat where a wild flirtation is out of the ques- tion. here comes sour mrs. acidity, who thinks she is not appreciated, and has no' attention shown her. even she relaxes when the kindly face of the smile 'em up committee appears, and the accompanying hand beckons her up to the best seat in the church, and gives her a hymn- book, open at the right place. the smile 'em up committee has a large mission in the sunday school, to see that no stray waif enters into the vestibule without having an invitation to enter and join some class. and then, outside the church door what a boundless field for the offices of this committee! in the byways and hedges, on the busy city street, with printed or verbal invitation to hear the gospel always ready. we may not think this name entirely dignified, and may choose some other, but, by all means, under some name or other, in every church, let us have a smile 'em up committee. rest, and be silent i for, faithfully lis- tening, patiently waiting, thine eye shall be- hold pearls in the waters of quietness glisten- ing. treasures of promise that he shall up- hold. rest, and be silent for jesus is here. calming and stilling each ripple of fear. —f. r. hartrgal. it is a degrading thing to enjoy husks till there is no man to give them. it is a base thing to resolve to give to god as little as possible, and not to serve him till you must. —[f, w.^robinson. dinah muloeu craik. wherever the english tongue is spoken and loved, and wherever saxon womanhood is honored—there the name of mrs. craik is also hon- ored and loved; for she truly stands a type of the "ever womanly." dinah maria muloch was born at stoke-on trent, staffordshire, eng- land, in . her father was a clergyman of the established church and died when she was quite young. her mother soon followed him, leaving to dinah the care and sup- port of her two younger brothers- always ready with her pen, she now used it as a means of support and succeeded well. her earliest books —as also many of her latest—were written for children and youth. her first novel, " the ogilvies," was published in , and its popularity gave her a fair start in the literary life. she wrote incessantly, pro- ducing book after book—each one seeming to give her a little firmer hold upon the minds of her readers —until , when "john halifax, gentleman," her most popular work appeared. she always wrote with a strong purpose in view—as not cnly "john halifax"—but also such books as "a life for a life," "the woman's kingdom," and "a brave lady," will attest. she took much interest in travel, especially in her irish journey of , which is the subject of her book, "an unknown country." as a poet mrs. craik won a last- ing though rather a humble place. her most ple&sing lyrics are "roth- esay bay," "by alma river," "douglas, tender aud true," "plighted," "the unfinished book," and "philip, my king," which was written for her god-son, who after- ward became known as "the blind poet," philip bourke marston. in her literary efforts received for her an annual pension of £t . "critics say that she was not a poet in the true sense »f the word; that her novels were not written in accordance with artistic rules; that her limitations are more apparent than her excellencies; that she is too narrow, and confines herself too closely to one class of readers to be truly an artist." but what if critics do say these things? emerson, our own poet and philosopher, has said, "the true question to ask re- specting books is, '■has it helped any human soul?'" ask this question respecting "a life for a life," "john halifax, gentleman," or those sweet verses, "by the alma river," "all saint's day," and a whole host of men and women, who through them have grown nobler and purer, will rise up to witness to the good they have done, and to call her blessed who wrote them. what matter if she is not amenable to all the rules of art, she could put into living words the wail of a broken heart, "do you know all, up in heaven, douglas, douglas, tender and true?" she could tell the wonder- ful story of "a man's love and a woman's," more tenderly, more purely than any other english writer; she could show to thoughtless girl* and scoffing men the divinity of love, the beauty of sacrifice, the grandeur of true living. in she was married to george lillie craik, the younger, a member of the publishing house of mac- millan & co. the home they built for themselves is said to have been one of the most charming about lon- don, across "the lovely kentish meadows" at shortlands, ten miles southeast of london. outside the house toward the garden, was a lit- tle recess called "dorothy's parlor," where mrs. craik was fond of taking her work or her writing on a sum- mer's day. it was named for the little daughter they had adopted years before and who was the sun- shine of the house up to the time of her foster mother's death. within the recess was the latin motto "deus haec otia fecit" (god made this rest), which mrs. craik once said, she selected as the motto she would wish to build into a home of her own, should it ever be given to her to make one. in the house there was one charming room that served for library, music room, and parlor, filled with books and choice pictures, but chiefly beautiful because of the presence of its mistress, as she brought her work basket out for a quiet talk with her friends. over the mantel of the dining room was the motto, "east or west, home is best," which pleasantly gave the spirit in which mrs. craik lived in her home, for she used to say that home-keeping was more to her than story-writing, and she often got only one hour a week for her pen. mrs. craik died october , . some one has said that her passing away was like the falling asleep in death of john halifax, or like the the translation into the heavenlies of ursula, his wife. her only desire was to live long enough to witness the marriage of her adopted daugh- ter. when this could not be, she murmured: "no matter, no matter," a fitting remark from the lips of one who had once penned these words, "whether we see it or not, all is well" the sunday after her death, in the church she had attended at shortlands, mr. wolley, in his ser- mon, introduced this stanza from one of her poems: "and when i lie in the green kirkyard, with the mold upon my breast; say not that she did well—or ill. only, 'she did her best.'" j. e. m. a beautiful feature of the order of king's daughters is the "prayer of consecration" which each king's daughter offers every morning upon rising: "take me, lord, and use me to-day as thou wilt. whatever work thou hast for me to do, give it into my hands. if there are those thou wouldst have me to help in any way, send them to me. take my time and use it as thou wilt. let me be a vessel close to thy hand and meet for thy service, to be employed only for thee, and for ministry to others 'in his name.'" topics of the times. stanley. with what a glad thrill christen dom read, for a verity, of stanley's safety and his return out of the dark continent. he seems glad also that his labors for a time are over, for lv says: "i feel like a laborer of a sat- urday evening returning home with his week's work done, his week's wages in his pocket, and glad lhat to-morrow is the sabbath." here art- some of the experiences of which he writes to the new york herald: "this has certainly been the most extraordinary expedition i have ever led into africa. a veritable divin ity seems to have hedged us while we journeyed. i say it with all rev- erence. it has impelled us whither it would, effected its own will, but nevertheless guided and protected us. what can you make of this, for instance? on aug. , , all the officers of the rear column are united at yambuya. they have my letter of instructions before them, but instead of preparing for the morrow's march, to follow our track, they decide to wait at yambuya, which decision initiates the most aw- ful season any commuuity of men ever endured in africa or elsewhere. the results are that three-quarters of their force die of slow poison. their commander is murdered, and the second officer dies soon after of sickness and grief. another officer is wasted to a skeleton and obliged to return home. a fourth is sept to wander aimlessly up arid down the congo, and the surveyor is found in such a fearful pest-hole that we dart- not describe its horrors. "on the same date, miles away, the officer of the day leads men of the advanced column into the bush, loses the path and all con- sciousness of his whereabouts, and every step he takes only leads him further astray. his people become frantic, his white companions, vexed and irritated by the senee of the evil around them, cannot devise any expedient to relieve him. they are surrounrled by cannibals, and poison- tipped arrows thin their numbers. "meantime, i, in command of the river column, am anxiously searching up and down the river in four differ- ent directions; through forests my men are seeking for them but not until the sixth day are we successful in finding them. "taking the same month and the same date in , a year latter, on aug. th, i listened horror-struck to the tale of the last surviving officer of the rear column at banalya and am told of nothing but death and disaster, disaster and death, death and disaster. i see nothing but horrible forms of men smitten with disease, bloated, disfigured an i scarred, while the scene in the camp, infamous for the murder of poor barttelot barely four weeks before, is simply sickening. "on the same day, miles west of this camp, jameson, worn out with fatigue, sickness and sorrow, breathes his last. "on the next day, aug. , miles east, emiu pasha and my of- ficer jephson, ar^ suddenly surround- ed by infuriated rebels, who menace them with loaded rifles and instant death, but fortunately they relent and only make them prisoners to be delivered to the mihdists. "having s wed b >nney out of the jaws of death we arrive a second time at albt-rt nyanza to find emin pasha and jephson prisoners in daily expectation of their doom. "jephson's own letters, will describe his anxiety. not until both were in my camp and the egyptian fugi- tives under our protection did i be- gin to see that i was only carrying out a higher plan than mine. my own designs were constantly frus- trated by unhappy circumstances, i endeavored to steer my course as lirect as possible, but there was an un iccountable influence at the helm. i gave as much goodwill to my duties as the strictest honor would compel. my faith tint the purity »f my motive deserved success was firm, but i have been o mscious that the issues of every effort were in other hands. "not one officer who wns with me will forget the mis- ries he endurt-d. yet every one that started from his home destined to march with the advance column and share its won* derful adventures is here today sound and well. "this is not due to me. lieut. stairs was pierced with a poisoned arrow like others, but oth-rs died and he lives. the poisoned tip came out from undtr his heart months after he was pierced. jeph- son was four months a prisoner with guards with loaded rifles around him. that they did not murder him is not due to me. "these officers have had to wade through as many as seventeen streams and broad expanses of mud and swamp in a day. they have en- dured a sun that scorched whatever it touched. a multitude of impedi- ments have ruffled their tempers and harrassed their hours. they have been maddened with the agonies of tierce fevers. they have lived for months in an atmosphere that medi- cal authority declared to be deadley. they have faced dangers every day and their diet has been all through what legal serfs would have declared to be infamous and abominable, and yet they live. "this is not due to me any more than the courage with which they have borne all that was imposed upon them by their surroundings, or the cheery energy which they bestowed to their work, or the hope- ful voices which rang in the ears of a deafening multitude of blacks and urged the poor souls on to their goal. "the vulgar will call this luck, unbelievers will call it chance, but deep down in each heart remains the fei-ling that, of a verity, there are more things in heaven and earth than are dreamed of in common philosophy. the home. a httle wt of patience often makes the sunshine come; and a little bit of lnve makes a very happy home; a little bit of hope makes a rainy day look gay; a little bit of charity makes glad a weary way. our fireside. d. h. craik, it may be under palace roof, princely and wide; no pomp foregone, no pleasure lost, bo wi-h denied; but if in tn aih the diamond's flash sweet, kind eyis hide; a p'easant place, a happy place, is our fireside. it may be 'twixt four lowly walls, no show, no pride; where s< rrows oftimes enter in, but ne'er abide. yet if the sits i cside the hearth, h« lp, comfor.t. guide. a blessed place, a heavenly place, is our fin side bindiug off. "the expression is a domestic one. it is connected with knitting needles and crochet hooks, which are being vigorously plied just now for the cbristmas season. when the young lady who has crocheted a beautiful afghan with which to surprise some of ber male friends on that morning bas made one of its stripes of the requisite length, her work is not completed till she has ''bound it off." it is an application of the hook on the last row, which prevents it from ravelling out. without it, a little tension on the end of the yarn would pull out the labor of weeks. the process is a suggestive one. "it is worth while in life to bind things off, to take those stitches which shall secure to us permanently the fruit of previous labor. a good deal of onr work is constantly un- ravelling for want of this process. it is so in intellectual culture. hours and weeks may be spent in the ac- quisition ot a language; but the habit of reading or speaking is not kept up, and in a comparatively short time it ravels out. the woman who gives up her music on marrying, when perhaps she has most need of it, finds her facility soon unravelling at a rapid rate. in intellectual ac- quisitions, we cannot, unfortunately, lake a few stitches at the end of our studies, and be sure that henceforth they will be permanently ours. the method of 'binding off,' so far as the memory is concerned, is repeti tion and review. a few minutes each day may thus preserve to us some possession of memory or facil- ity or power which is worth retain- ing. it is equally true with moral effort. to 'bind off" is simply to clinch the nail, to furnish a holdfast, to drive home a conviction, to settle a cause upon a solid foundation, to embody a principle in an institution where it may have permanent value. how many men are there who spend years in the acquisition of money, and then, at their death, let their fortune ravel out, frittered away among a lot of quarrelling heirs, when they might have 'bound off' and retained forever the moral and beneficent value of that fortune by generously investing it in some noble enterprise! such a gift, when bound on earth, is bound in heaven. be sure you engage in some work which is worth doing, and that you seek to prtserve those results which are worth preserving. every man and woman has this opportunity to lay up treasures which shall not fade."- the christian register. courtesy at home. it i* rohert browning who says: "ah, the little more, and how much it is! and the little less, and what worlds away." ptrhaps a careful consideration of the following would help us to the "little more:" "probably nineteen-twentieths of the happiness yon will ever have you will get at home. the independence that comt s to a man when his work is over, and he feels that he has run out of the storm into the quiet har- bor of home, where he can rest in peace with his family, is something real. it does not make much differ- ence whether you own the house, or have one little room in that house, you can make that little room a home to you. you can people it with such moods, you can turn to it with such sweet fancies, that it will be fairly luminous with their pres- ence, and will be to you the very perfection of a home. against this home none of you should ever trans- gress. you should always treat each other with courtesy. it is often not so difficult to love a person as it is to be courteous to him. courtesy is of greater value and a more royal grace than some people seem to think. if you will but be courteous to each other, you will soon learn to love each other more wisely, pro- foundly, not to say lastingly, than you ever did before."—selected. "a german, whose sense of sound was exceedingly acute, was passing by a church a day or two after he had landed in this country, and the sound of music caused him to enter, though he had no knowledge of our language. the music proved to be a piece of nasal psalmody, sung in the most discordant fashion, and the sensitive german would fain have covered khis ears. as this was scarcely civil, and might appear like insanity, his next impulse was to rush into the open air and leave the hated sound behind him. "but this i feared to do," said he, "lest offense might be given. i resolved to en- dure the torment with the best for- titude i could assume, when lo! i distinguished amid the din the clear, soft voice of a woman singing in perfect tune. she made no effort to drown the voices of her compan- ions, neither was she disturbed by their noisy discord, but patiently and sweetly she sang in full, rich tones; one after another yielded to the gentle influence, and before the tune was finished all was in perfect har- mony." it is in this way a quiet and pure life brings other lives un- der its gentle sway. it uses no word of protest against-prevailing discord, but sings on its own sweet songs of obedience and faith and joy until others feela nd thrill with its power." outline lessons. for church clauses. arranged bt rev. j. h. avann, b. d. third series.—seven lessons on bible translations. first lesson. i-tti tory of the text. language of the old testament. the old testament was written in hebrew ex- cept about three-fif'hq of daniel and one- third of ezra, which was written in chal- dee. hebrew was the language of the jews before the babylonish captivity. after their return they used the chaldee and this was the language of palestine at the time of christ. chaldee is very simi- lar to hebrew, both belong to the semitic family of languages and they are very simple in their construction. . language of the new testament. the new testament was written in greek, ex- cept matthew, which was first written in hebrew. the greek belongs to the asyran family of which latin and the languages of modern europe are also members. it is the richest, the most precise and the most philosophical of human tongues. . ike original manuscripts. the original writings were upon *papvrus. they were in large capital letters, without chapters, verses, punctuation or spaces between words. the hebrew and chaldee were also without vowels. these auto- graph copies have long since perished. the oldest "manuscripts that have reached us are upon *vellum. . copying the scriptures. the jews held their sacred books in awful reverenre. copying tbem was a religious work. the copyist was required to bathe his whole body before beginning and to put on a pre- scribed costume. every letter was made separately and the slightest mistake would cause the destruction of the whole copy. . the masoretic text. the old testa- ment manuscripts remained in their simple consonant form until about five hundred years after christ, when learned jews, called "masoretes, introduced the vowels we have no hebrew manuscripts except copies of those that paised under their hands. the oldest now extant were made about a thousand years ago. . cursive manuscripts. cursive hand- writing, that is, the use of small letters with only occasionally a capital, came gradually into use in the ninth century. punctuation, accent and separation of words were introduced about the same time. manuscripts written in capitals are called unci ils and those written in small letters cursives, . chapters and verses. the division of both the old testament and the new testament into chapters was made by cardinal hugo carensis. in , for the sske of a concordance he was prenaring. the old testament was divided into verses by rabbi mordecai nathan, in . the verses in the new testament were made by robert stephanus. a printer, in , while riding on horseback from lyons to paris. ii-introduction to i thes al nian . . the church at thessalonica. paul, in company with silas, timothy and luke,, visited thessalonica while on his second missionary tour. many "proselytes ac- cepted the gospel. this excited the < nvy of the jews and an angry mob drove him from the city. . occasion of the epistle. deeply con- cerned for the converts, paul sent timothy back to learn their state, and passing on to athens and thence to corinth, he there anxiously awaited his coming. timothy came in a few months and reported perse- cutions heroically endured. paul then wrote to them his first epistle. . contents of the epistle. the epistle consists of a glowing account of their his- tory since receiving the gospel, earnest ex- hortation to sanctification and consolation from the second coming of christ. daily readings, acts xv-xvii, i tjiebs. i-iv. mkmoky verses, review. second lesson. i-the great manuscripts. three manuscripts of the new testa- ment on account of their great age are worthy of particular study. . ihe vatican manuscript. this was written in the first half of the fourth cen- tury, that is, within years of the death of the last apostle, and hence is over , years old. it contains the new testament complete as far as heb. ix: , an i origin- ally included all of the septuagint (see the next lesson). the letters were carefully retraced in the eighth century, but the original lines can still be seen. the manu- script was placed in the vatican library at rome in the fifteenth century-, but nothing is known of its previous history. it has been zealously guarded by the papal authorities and not until quite recently has it been accessible to scholars. it was pub- lished in *fac simile in , under the auspices of the pope. . ihe sinaiiic manuscript. this is about the same age as the vatican manu- script. it contains all the new testa- ment complete, and also the epistle of barnabas and a part of hermas, to- gether with the greater part of the septua- gint. prof. tischendorf traveling under the patronage of the czar of russia, while stopping at the monastery of st catherine at mount sinai, in , noticed some leaves of vellum set aside for lighting a fire. he detected at once their great an- tiquity and found upon examination that they contained a part of the septuagint. these leaves he retained and soon after published. the great manuscript of which they formed a part was discovered by the professor in the same monastery in . at his request it was presented to his patron, alexander ii, and is now in the imperial library at st. peteisberg. afac simile was published in . . the alexandrian manuscript. this belongs to the first part of tne fifth century. it is bound in four volumes the first three containing the septuagint and the fourth the new testament complete and the epistle of clement. it was presented to charles i in by cyril lucar, patri- arch of constantinople. cyril brought the manuscript from alexandria when he was transferred from that *see to constan- tinople. nothing is known of its previous history. it is now in the british museum where it was placed at the formation of that library in . this was the first great uncial that was critically examined by scholars. it was published fac simile in . ii-introddctiqm to ii the alonran . . lime and place. paul's second let- ter to the thessalonions was written a few months after the first while paul, silas and timothy were still at corinth and like the first it was sent in the name of them all. . occasion. the vivid description of the glorious appearing of christ to judge the world in the first epistle made a deep impression and a rumor was started that another letter had been received declaring the advent was at hand . contents. the thessalonians are praised for their firmness in persecution, assured of justice at the coming of christ which however is noi at hand. idlers are charged to become industrious. iii-daily readings, i the . v, ii the . i-iii, acts xviii, i cor. i-ii. mem- ory verses, itheb . v: - . third lesson. i-varioub readings. . * integrity of the manuscripts. there was great demand for the new testament in the first centuries and copies were rapidly multiplied and widely spread. any general mutilation or corruption of the text was impossible. over , manu- scripts of the new testament, complete and incomplete, are known to scholars and they are in better condition than any other ancient writings. . minor differences. without a series of miracles mistakes in copying were sure to rise. the total number of variations is very great. the majority of them, how- ever, are of no importance; being varia- tions in spelling or the use of different words of like meaning. comparison will in nearly every case make clear the original reading. . omissions. sometimes the copyist in looking up would see the last word that be had written in a different line and thus be led to omit a number of words; or he might think faster than he wrote and thus make omissions. . interpolations. transcribers often wrote comments, pious ejaculations and liturgical formulas on the margin of the manuscript. these were sometimes in- advertently copied into the text by a sub- sequent copyist. the doxology of the lord's prayer. matt, vi: , is not found in either of the great uncials. it is borrowed from solomon's prayer at the dedication of the temple, i chron. xxix: , and prob- ably crept into later manuscript in this way. . attempted corrections. sometimes transcribers attempted to correct the manu- script they were copying. meeting a rare word or an obscure expression they would conclude that some earlier copyist had made a mistake, and they would attempt to restore the original reading. . rule* of criticism. textual criti- cism is a great science. the following are recognized as general rules, to each of which there are exceptions: ( ) the older the manuscript the higher its authority. ( ) of two forms the shorter is probably correct ( ) an unusual, obscure or un- grammatical construction is more likely to ran dai i leafier in fine millinery, art goods and peotography, nmln l^rtl.!-! uuuuui »u ba t huron st henry richard , hard wood™ lumber* •hard and soft wood. no. detroit street. for first-class o dress goods, trimmings, carpets, mats, etc. call on wines & worden, ho. so south main street. call on goodyear a st. jame , when in need of anything ia the dry hoods line. popular goods at popular price*. south main street. stark & gartee, painters and decorators. dealers in painters' supplies. cor. liberty and fourth sts. ■ john batjmgaetnee, (successor to eiaele's) marble land* granite *wokrs. imported and american granites, marble monu- ments and all kinds of ceme'ery work. estimates cheerfully furnished. shop cor. detroit and catherine streets —for— :dry goods:- -am cloaks —go to— the leading dry goods house of washtenaw co., that of abel. sc. co. photographs. ill arbor shims bank, oundtuilin do you expect to learn short- onun mai! u handt are you already study- young reporter? are you a teacher of shorthand? ann arbor, mich, if so, send for one honored valuable sug- gestions to shonthand students. capital stock, f , surplus, $ assets, $ , . a new book; pp; bound in cloth; arranged for all systems. recommended by teachers. mailed to any address, $ . address, s. a.. a general banking business transacted. eichange on all the principal cities bought and sold. ann arbor, mich. hutzel, & co.. three per cent. interest is allowed on deposits in the savings ann arbor, mich. steam, hot water, ventilation, plumbing department. water supply, drying, drainage and christian mack, president w. w. wines, vice-president. sanitary work. dealers in all kinds of plumbers' and steam supplies. j. haller, watchmaker and jeweler chas. e. hiscock, cashier. eberbach & son's south main street, ann arbor, - - michigan. pharmacy. flavoring extracts a specialty ix south main stbbrt. c. f.burkhardt, dr.c. e. fitzgerald, wholesale and retail manufacturer of e. washington st. harness, collars, saddlesi bridels. also dealer in office hours: to a. m., to p. m. trunks, valises, shawl straps, whips, blankets, brushes, etc. j. t. jacobs & co. no. east huron st. are happy! business never was better. their mammoth store is just like a bee hive. the old saying comes up, "sell oheap and people will buy." low prices, good goods and fair dealing catch the buyers. many words do not go for much. people are looking lor the place to save money. j. t. jacobs & co., head- quarters for clothing, hats, caps, gloves, mittens, gent's furnishing. chlkins' pharmacy state st. mrs. mabel keith, especially invites the ladles of ann arbor to visit her new store at no. . state st., and see henry murphy, call and see what a complete stock means. s tith state street. schuhe & muehlig, groceries, etc., ss n. main street, dealer in hardware, will bill stoves and housefurnishing goods. cheap -.-for -.-cash. steam and riot water heating. south main st. f. stofflet, students! —aoent foli— dont forget the detroit journal and tribune, chicago, toledo and cin- cinnati papers. old •home •laundry, n . k ann street, where you can get your collars, cuffs and shirts done up in the latest style. goods called for and delivered tree of chai ge. n. main st.. opera house block. m. j. martin, propsisto*. dr. w.w.nichols, martin haller, dentist, furniture over ann arbor savings bank. upholster i painless extraction of teeth, bs . main street and w. liberty street lewis, tne raotooblpreb, photos only st.oo can now be fennd at t> call ana edward bellamy. edward bellamy was born in chi- copee falls, mass., march , ; was educated at union college, but was not graduated; was admitted to practice law in ; for several years was assistant editor of the springfield, mass., union; was also editorial writer on new york even- ing post and founder of springfield daily news; is now a contributor to various magazines. his published works are "six to one, a nantucket idyl," ( ), "dr. heidenhoff's process," ( ), "miss ludington's sifter," ( ), and "looking back- ward," ( ). he says that when he began writing his "looking back- ward," he had no idea of attempting a serious contribution to the move- ment of social reform. the idea was of a mere literary fantasy, a fairy tale of social felicity. origin- ally the date of the story was a. d., and the romance was of an ideal world, instead of, as finally, a nation. after many recastings, the btory became the vehicle of a defi- nite scheme of industrial reorganiz- ation, the scheme having worked it- self out in the mind of mr. bellamy while he was trying to fashion his fairy romance. the queen isabella association of chicago has issued an address to the women of the world announc- ing that harriet hosmer, the sculptor, has been engaged to exe- cute a statute of isabella of castile, to be unveiled at the coming world's fair. eliza allen starr, it is also stated, has written a sketch of the famous castilian queen, the pro ceeds of the sale of which are to be devoted to the building of an isa- bella pavillion at the fair, wherever held. "be not simply good, be good for some thing."—th or eau. "a stone that will fit in the wall will not be left in the way."—old proverb. wise and otherwise. "what b-e-a-u-tiful peaches!" said an old lady, as she stopped at a stall in the market, and admired a basket of early peaches. they were covered with pink gauze, and looked very tempting. the old lady bought the peaches and took them home. the next day she appeared at the stall and showed the stall-keeper a small piece of pink det. "do you keep that kind of veiling for sale?'' she asked. the stall-keeper told her that he did not. "well," she said, "when i got them peaches home they were small and sour and green; and i thought, if i could get some of that stuff that made them look so pretty and plump in the basket, i'd wear it myhelf. if it would improve me as much as it did the peaches, folks would think i'd found the elijah of life." herb are a few bits of informa- tion gathered in our own schools and those of sister cities: the temple on the capitoline hill in rome was dedicated to three deities, jupiter, minerva and don juan. greece after the death of codrus, was left in a state of arnica. king alfred escaped from his enemies in the guise of a pheasant (probably an effectual disguise). the king of france arraigned the knights templar on a charge of sacrilege and immortality. dido, a queen of phoenicia, went to carthage and bought as much land as could be enclosed in a bull's eye! the other day at church a gentle- man with a very pink, bald head, having only a slight fringe of hair about it, sat in front of a little four year-old. it was a new and deeply interesting sight and on her return home she said, "mamma, what do think! i saw a man with his head all bare/ there were only just a few hairs around it—they were saying: "ring around the rosy, bottle full of posy, hush, hush, hush, hush we've all tumbled down." "longevity? i should say long- evity did run in the family," said mrs. spriggins. "why, john was six foot two, bill was six foot four, and george he had more longevity than any man i ever see. he was six foot seven if he was a foot."— [harper's bazaar. a boston lady went to call on a friend the other day. she was met by the mother of her friend, a zeal- ous believer in faith-cure, who said apologetically, but cheerfully: "my daughter has a belief in a boil, and can't come down." teacher (in a chicago school,) "we hear a great deal about the world's fair in . now can any boy tell me what that is to com- memorate?" boy, (promptly,) "the discovery of chicago." a touching obituary notice was that published in an eastern paper, which began by suggesting comfort to the bereaved family with the tender question, "is there no barn in guilford?" almost as peculiar was the re- port of a ministers's meeting in which one of the ministers moved that a fund be established "for the benefit of deceased indignant min- isters!" a little three-year-old came run- ning in from the field exclaiming, "i saw a pansy and was going to pick it, and it was a butterfly and it flied away." man with an only son, "what kind of scholars do you turn out at this institution?" principal, "those who won't study."—[new haven news. teacher, "name some of the most important things existing to- day which wrrr unknown on" htin- | dred years ago." tommy, "us." missions. goes down in de gloomerin' meadows, whar de long night rain begin; so be le's down de ba's ob de sbeepfol', callin' sof " come in! come in!" call in' sof "come in! come in!" den np t'ro de gloomerin' meadows, t'ro de col' night rain an' win', an' up t'ro de gloomerin' rain paf' whar de sleet fall piercin' tbin, de po' los' sheep of the shespfol' dey all comes gadderin' in; de po' los' sheep ob de sbeepfol' dey all comes gadderin' in. —the century. wi were greatly interested not long since in hearing hdw one american gentleman had lowered "de ba's ob de sheepfol'." that gentleman was gen. s. c. arm- strong of virginia, principal of the hamilton normal and agricultural institute, who has been making a tour of the northern states with gome of the students of the insti- tute. from their reports we cull the following items: "the hampton normal and agricultural institute stands on the shores of hampton creek, a little below the town of of hampton, va., two and a half miles from fort monroe, on an estate of one hundred and fifty acres, once known as little scot- land,' and during the war known as camp hamilton," where many thou- sands of sick and wounded union soldiers were cared for. the first slaves bronght to america were landed a few miles off on the james river; here the earliest english civilization on^ this continent was established, and here it first came into contact with the indian race. during the war, hampton, va., was regarded by the freed men as a a city of refuge. here they were first set free, and here the first school for the freedmen was estab- lished among them. hampton in- stitute was op-ned with fifteen scholars in april, , on a manual labor basis, under she auspices of the american missionary associa- tion. in june, , however, the institute received a charter from the general assembly of virginia, and thus became an independent cor- poration. it is devoted still to christian education, but is conducted in the interest of no sect. its ob- ject is to train teachers of the negro and indian races by an edu- cation of the head, hand and heart, that shall make them industrious and self-reliant christian workers. in hampton's twelve workshops and on her farms, both indians and negroes are taught carpentry, black- smithing, wheel-wrighting. harness making, painting, printing, shoe- making, tailoring, wood and iron work generally, and various house- hold industries. the school now numbers scholars, of whom are indians. last year the colored students earned $ , . in the different industries, which very nearly paid the expenses for board and clothing. the board and cloth- ing of indians at $ apiece per annum is given by the govern- ment, the other thirteen indian pupils are on charity. tuition to all pupils is provided by gifts. each scholar's tuition being about $ per annum. the school is open the entire year with an attendance of about boarders in the summer. the "work students" labor on wages ten hours a day, and for eleven months of their first year, study from to o'clock at night; then enter the normal, or three years' english course, aud study four days each week, working two. j. e. m. in the discussion now rife re- specting missionary methods there is a growing emphasis laid upon the potent influence which emanates from the lives of good, true men and women, living as missionaries among the heathen. it is not the mere preaching of the gospel which is winning the world to jesus, but also the embodiment of that gospel iu action and character. true as this is universa'ly, it is more and more apparent in the foreign field, especially in those where there are instructions to the preaching of the gospel. in corea, for instance, where our missionaries have had an entrance only since , and where to-day not.all restrictions are yet re- moved, much reliance is placed upon these silent forces. a missionary writes from there recently: "we are not preaching or teaching chris- tianity except by an example which we hope may be worthy of the christian name." such leaven as this will in time permeate all heathendom.—[congregationalism secretary strong of the evan- gelical alliance, at its recent annual meeting said: "all the needs of civilization center in those of our cities where two-thirds of our immi- grants settle, where the spirit of caste is stronger and where, there- fore, the antidote of applied chris- tianity is most necessary. i do not believe there is a city in the land that has not enough good men and women to save it. men of old said, "here am i, send me;' to-day it is, 'here is my check, lord, send some one else,' and too often the check is at last withheld." menny people spend their time trieing to find the hole whare sin got into the world; if two men brake through the ice in a mill pond, they had better hunt for some good hole tew get out, rather than get into a long argument about the hole they cum to fall in.—[josh billings. de massa ob de sheepfold. by . p. mclean- de massa of de sheepfol' d*t guard de sheepfol' bin, look out in de gloomerin' meadows, whar de long night rain begin; so he call to de hirelin' shepa'd, "is my sheep, is dey all come in?" oh! den says de hirelin's shepa'd, "dar's some, dey's black an' thin, an' some, dey's po ol' wedda's, but de res' dey's all brung in, but de res' dey's all brung in." den de massa ob de sheepfol' dat irnwrh the aheenfol' hin_ young people. a rare kind of gold. by bertha a. zedi winkler. "do stir yourself, betby, and get the school in order. i hear the lady herself will be there to see the child- ren, and select a likely girl from the neighborhood to assist miss light- heart in. her charge of them. no doubt many will present themselves as 'likely.' a little salary in connec- tion with the honor of being a teach- er will be a great consideration with many a poor family. it would with ours, i know. and i wish, betsy boggs, you would stir, and be a lit- tle more self-asserting. you are big enough to be seen, i'm sure, and might be doing something better than handling brooms and dust- brushes,—and helping these young, mischievous boys at the school out of scrapes, or into them for all i know. they are after you, anyway, as if they had gold to pick off'n you." so far was this from being the case, however, that the janitress of the charity school laughed at her own remark, and betsy, her bound girl, hurried off with a keener sense tban ever of her hard lot, and the absence of attraction from her homely and scantily-clad person. the most important figure in her little world was the philanthropic lady who had started and maintained a sort of sewing and industrial school for teaching the small boys and girls of that indigent neighborhood the ways of usefulness, and of keeping out of the slums. she had only seen her twice; but her benign face and generous acts were an ever accom- panying influence in betsy's life, and were reflected in her own help- ful sympathy for the children. what was an unusual thing for betsy, she was absent when the jan- itress opened the school for the child- ren, and great was their consterna- tion at this discovery; for on this special oocasion they had depended more than ever upon betsy's putting the finishing touches to their toilets as they entered, and giving them the ones for correct behavior, and answers to questions the great lady was in the habit of putting to them. now, without betsy at the door, they filed in most reluctant and for- lorn-looking. one little fellow had his cap on crooked, another forgot to take it off inside, a third had his shoe-strings loose, a fourth had a lot of dirty strings and gimcracks dang- ling from his pockets, some had soiled faces and some soiled hands, for whom betsy's floor-rag might have done hasty service, and all looked more or less at a loss' how to use their wits should the lady on the platform address them. she had arrived with a number of persons interested in the work. some solicitous parents were also there to watch proceedings, and among them stood a number of young girls as anxious candidates for the office of assistant teacher, when betsy ap- peared, breathless and flushed, at the half-open door, and beckoned to one of the children. at sight of her there was a stir and murmur of "betsy, betsy," throughout the school, which changed^ into wide-eyed surprise as the girl she had called moved up the aisle and handed the lady a huge bouquet of wild flowers. "thank you, my dear. this is very beautiful and thoughtful of you and your school-mates. it must have taken you quite a while to col- lect so many," said the lady, touched by their artless way of showing regard. "it—it's from betsy boggs," re- plied the girl confusedly, but with a sturdy determination to put the credit where it belonged. "she does just such things to us when we are sick, and i—i hope you are not sick," she added, with a vague notion that she must say something suitable and proper. the old folks laughed, but the lit- tle ones thought it was just the right thing to say, and wished they could do half as well should their turn come to speak to the lady, who, concluding that betsy was one of them, scanned the numerous faces as if she would single out and encour- age the backward girl into showing herself, while all the time betsy was safely screened outside the door, tremulous and flushed with delight. she longed so much to take the lady's hand, and be spoken to by her. in fact, a secret wish had crept into her heart for that position as teacher, that she might be associated with her in the same work. but not for worlds would she have stood in competion with girls so much better known, and perhaps worthier, than she. poor betsey, the sweeper, dreamed a delirious dream, she knew. but, somehow, that gentle voice in there always brought it. and she opened the door again slightly, that she might not miss a sound of her voice. "well, my little friends, your teacher tells me that you are often unruly, and not so apt at learning what she would have you. now, perhaps you do not always under- stand her, or she doesn't quite un- derstand you at least; i will believe no worse of you. so i am going to give you some one you all know and like, and who is at the same time capable and helpful to you in every way. to do this, i want you to help me select your f uture teacher, and, when she is selected, to follow her instructions in every particular. will you promise?" "yes, ma'am," came promptly from the whole school at this sudden awakening of individual interest. "then every bright boy and girl will answer my questions." of course, every one there wanted to be considered bright, and, antici- pating some weighty conundrums, there was a sudden recollection of the ever-helpful betsy, accompanied with longing looks toward the door. but she was safely screened from ii koch & henne, £ furniture, i carpets, oil cloths gg and draperies, fl § ordered work and repairing a specialty. undertaking promptly attended to. " ( " ■ hoa. and south main st., ann arbor, mich. sb o|=> the student's bookstore, subscribe for the courier, and get home nsrierws. one dollar per year. ^iuiam arnold, a. teufel, number south mela btreel, manufacturer of and dealerjn harness, saddles, collars, bridles, whips, halters, brushes, combs, etc. repairing done neatly and cheaply. all work war- ranted. also dealers in uncle sam's harne s;oil. e carry the largest stock of books and bibles of all kinds, and offer them at new york prices. ladles' fine stationery a specialty. sheehan & co., proprietors. watchmaker & jeweler south main st. « barter slop-hot or coll baths o. m. martin, fci© •era sb call at the old stand over the postofflce, which has changed hands, and has been renewed throughout. call and bee me, and i will guaran- tee satisfaction. respectfully, jerome freeman. p. .—ladles' bath rooms entirely from the barber shop. wuklbgtoi it. laltttm car. rirti aid lilwrtj u. telephone connection. undertaker. calls attended to night or day. we make this our special business. call and see us before purchasing. all the best grades* k. b. mall, huron st. brown's drug store is the best place to obtain anything is the way of drugs medicines and toilet articles. voorheis & dietas, merchant * tailors, state street. special values -in- oyercoatsiunderwear at a. l. noble's, sign of the red star. ^ office—cor. ann and ann sta, dean m.tyler, physician. h p <j a — for — fine shoes, best quality, low prices, doty feiner pl hsg chll at bennett's bazaar first-class goods, lowest prices, just the place to save money. remember, ann street. c. eberbach, general and builders' hardware, furnace,, mantlet, house furnishing goods, stores, agricultural implements, onus, iron, gliua, cut- lery, pumps, rubber and leather belting. manufacturer of tta, sheet iron and ( * math i city laundry, oldest and one of the most reliable laundries in michigan. work called for and de- livered free of charge. no. fourth st., east of court home. m. m. seabolt, proprietor. fine photographs i all styles and sizes. st work in the city guaranteed at reasonable prices, at kelly's. gallery, huron street. o. -w- vogel, uulb a oaoioa m, salt mi ttod meats no. ann street, an* arbor, - michigan. j. a. polhemu , livery stable, the best aud most extensive in t e city. hack and 'bus lute to all trains. the only line running to night trains. orders for parties, etc.. a specialty. particular attention to the traveling public. cor. main and catherine sta. this space belongs to henry neuhoff. his ad. will appear next issue. and the infinite; it is the life spring of religions enthusiasm, the vital energy, not of fanaticism only, bat of zeal. —blackwood. "providence" is a better word than "chance." —churchman's magazine. we often secretly take great credit to ourselves for our shrewd penetration in some matters, but we should be better able to take the right clue into our hands if we had trained ourselves to the more compre- hensive grasp of things, which his- tory can teach us; in fact we must go to books to learn men aright. —churchman's magazine. the capacity for friendship of a high order implies an unusual power of admiring and respecting, of esti- mating a character by its great points to the exclusion of small crit icisms. a fervent admiration quickens the powers of expression, and thus raises the estimate. every true friendship makes a man more alive to what is good in himself, and gives him confidence. —blackwood. choice thoughts. between us and hell or heaven there is only life, which is the most fragile thing in the world. —pascal. that is enjoying happiness, to see without envy the happiness of others and with satisfaction the common happiness. —bossuet. to die is to begin to live; it is to end an old, stale, weary work, and to commence a newer and a better. —beaumont and fletcher. calumny, the vile and insolent sceptre, sits upon the noblest graves. —heine. the man worthy to be heard is he who uses words for thought only, and thought for truth and virtue alone. —fenelon. let age, not envy, draw wrinkles on thy cheeks; be content to be envied, but envy not. —sir t. browne. jealously has something base and cowardly in it; and is a secret con- fession which we make to ourselves of our mediocrity. —massilon. they who are wise for the world and the flesh, are most defective in true and heavenly wisdom. —thomas a' kempis. the fewer our wants the more nearly we resemble the gods. —socrates. for all our works a recompense is sure; tis sweet to think on what 'twas hard t'endure. —herrick. who will conquer is already very near victory. —rotrou. there is nothing that more be- trays a base, ungenerous disposition, than the giving of secret stabs to a man's reputation. —addison. if sin is so fatal, and hell is and must be so rigorous, awful, yet in repentance too is man purified ; re- pentance is the grand christian act. —carlyle. it is easy in the world to live after the world's opinion; it is easy in solitude to live after our own; but the great man is he who in the midst of the crowd keeps with per- fect sweetness the independence of solitude. —emerson. we all of us complain of the shortness of time, and yet have much more than we know what to do with. we are always complain- ing our days are few, and acting as though there would be no end of them. —seneca. wish not ever to seem wise ; and. if ever thou sbalt find thyself ac- counted to be somebody, then mis- trust thyself. —epictetus. self culture. there are three things, three weapons savs the archbishop of canterbury, necessary to people in setting to work to cultivate them- selves by means of a library. the first is to have a supply of books, the second is attention and the third is to look out upon the great world and see how the phenomena de^ scribed in books correspond with the phenomena they see going on out- side. unless they do these things they will neither understand the world in which they live, nor the books themselves. he recommends such people always to have one study, one thing they really work at, and each man must make up his mind for himself what it shall be. if they take history they ought to fix upon a certain period and study it thoroughly. ancestry. philosophy does not look into ped- igrees; she did not adopt plato as noble; but she made him such. —seneca. they that on glorious ancestors charge, produce their debt instead of their dis charge. —young. the man who has got nothing to boast of but his illustrious ancestors is like a potato, the only good thing belonging to him is under ground. —sir thomas overbury. what can ennoble sots, or slaves or cow- ards? alas not all the blood of all the howards. —pope. let high birth triumph! what can be more great? nothing—but merit in a low estate. —young. the contented heart is never out of heart. contentment is a golden shield, that doth beat back discour- agements. contentment is the great under-prop; it is like the beam which bears whatever weight is laid npon it. —watson. changes in the lord's prayer. its evolution through the centuries in the mat- ter of language. the following will exhibit in our vernacular, speci- mens of the lord's prayer at different periods: a. d. . fader ure in heune, halewede beoth thi neune, cu- men thi kuneriche, thi wote beoth idon in heune and in erthe. ure eueryche dawe breid gif vus thilk dawe. and vorzef ure deltes, as vi vorzef en ure bet- toures, and lede vus nouzt into temptation, bote deliueri vus of evel. amen. a. d. . fader oure in hevene. halewd be thi name. come thi kingdom. thi wille be don as in heven and erthe oure ectie dayes bred geve us to-day. and forgeve us our dettes, as we forgeven our dettoures. and lede us not into temptation. bote delyvere us of yvel. amen. "a. d. . oure fadir that art in heunes halowid by thy name thi kingdom come to, be thi wille done in erthe as in heune, give to us this day our breed, onir other sub- staunee, forgeue to vs our dettis, as we forgeuen to our dettouris, lede us not into temptacioun, but delyuer us from yuel. amen. a. d. . father our that art in heavens, hallowed be thy name ;thy kingdom come to us; thy wille be done in earth as in heaven ; oure every days bred give us to day; and forgive us oure tresspasses, as we forgive them that trespass against us; and lead us not into temptatioun, but deliver us from all evil sin, amen. a. d. . o oure father which art in heven, hallowed be thy name. let thy kingdom come. thy wille be ful- filled as well in erth as yt in heven. geve vs this daye oure dayly breede. and forgeve vs our tress- passes, even as we forgeve oure tresspassers. and leade vs not into temptacion; but delyver vs from evell. for thine is the kyndgedome and the power and the glory for ever. amen. a d. . our father, which art in heaven, sanctified be thy name. let thy kingdom come. thy will be done as in heauen, in earth also, (jive us to-day our sup- ersubstantial bread. and forgive us our dettes, as we also forgive our detters. and leads vs not into temtation. but deliver us from evil. amen. a. d. . our father which art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. thy kingdome come. thy will be done even in the earth as it is in heaven. give us this day our dayly bread. and forgive us our debts, as we also forgive our debtors. and lead us not into' temptation but deliver us from evil ; for thine is the kingdome and the power and the glory for ever. amen. a. d. . our father which art in heaven. hallowed be thy name. thy kingdom come. thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven. give us this day our daily bread. and forgive us our debts as we forgive our debi- tors. and lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil ; for thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory for ever. auien. truth and life. christ's true martyrs do not die, but live.— timing. it is impossible that those who love god with their whole heart can undervalue the church, so strong are her evidences.—pascal, • those who are walking with god need not fear death and the grave, for the gate will swing inward, and they will still walk with ilim.—rev. f. t. buy- ley. prayer is the key which god hath put into our hands to put us into communication with the unseen world. we have everything with it; without it we have nothing.—monod. the soul of man is like a kindled brand ; so long as the air breathes on it, it will retain to the last its gen- ial warmth and crimson glow ; but let the air stagnate around it, and, flake on flake, the white ashes will gather over it, aud the fire will die away within it, and under those ashes it will be left black and charred, a cold and useless log. what the breath of the wind is to the glowing brand, the prayer is to the soul. let the man or the woman lead a prayerless life, and all the light and the fire and the glow, all the wisdom and generosity and love, will die away from it, because these are the result of spiritual grace from above.—farrar. the true heaven is a state of the soul. it is inward goodness. it is christ formed within. it is the love of god in the heart going out into the life and character.—james freeman clarke. some funny epitaphs. on an accomplished paris)) officer, at cray ford, kent :— here lieth the body of peter isnki.i, ( years clerk of this parish). he lived respected as a pious and. mirthful man, and died on his way to church to assist at a wedding on the st day of march, , aged years. the inhabitants of crayford have raised this stone to his cheerful memory, and as a tribnte to his long and faithful services. the life of this clerk was just threescore and ten nearly half of which time he had sung out a men. in his youth he was married, like other young men, but his wife died one day, so he chanted amen. a second he took—she deputed ; what then? lie married and buried a third with amen thus his joys and hit sorrows were trebled; but then his voice was'dcep b<n> , and he sung out amen. on the horn he could blow as well as most men, so his horn was exalted in blowing amen. but he lost all his wind after threescore and ten, and here with three wives he wait's till again the trumpet sh ill arouse him to sing-out amen. * * * # from a lombstoue in ireland :— here lies the body of john mound, lost at sea and never found. * * * * from a cemetery near cincinnati :— here lies , who came to this city and died' for the benefit of hi* health. * • * * the following is from a tombstone in oxford, new it impshire :— to all my friends bid adieu; a more sudden death you never knew: as i was leading the old mare to drink, (she kicked and killed me quicker'n a wink. the elefunt. teacher said we must all write" on the elefunt, and we musent ask our fokes wh:it to say. there is two kinds of elefnuts. white ones and dirty white ones. one you pray to an one you don't. le ist weays teacher s iid there was sacred ones, and them in the circus aint that kind. i know, for they eat peanuts, and miss .spears says its vulgar to eat peanuts. so they ain't sacred. when aunt kate came here last summer pa said he had a white elefunt on his hands. i asked her where it was and she got mad an went home. my! but i remember now going to the barn with pa! it seems as if a boy couldent say what old folks say very well. elefunts are big, and when crawled under the tent to see one he rapped with his trunk. the door man said it was a judgment, but it seemed to me as if it was the elefunt, i can't write write any more. * * * * a fai.se flag aloft means a rotten keel bi low. publish your own monthly local church paper it will bring = gimkitl'al goop*— by its monthly visits a pastor can make known his wishes to every member of the church. by its regular visits those who are indifferent to the appointments of the church may be reminded of their obligations. gocial, <ioni>. this plan of a church paper will enable ibe pastor of any church to increase his power, enlarge his sphere of influence and ad- equately reach all classes of the community in which the church exists, and in which he pros- ecutes his ministry. • ^™ ™ ^™ ^ financial, poop..bmdilti the profit which iiti'y be d" rived from a subscription price which you m y charge for your paper, the direct benefit resulting to a church having the enterprise to publish a paper devoted solely to its interests is beyond computation. « ^» ^™ if i: vi,ax js to furnish a neatly printed paper of magazine form, for your church each month, so cheaply as to bo entirely within your reach! you to furnish copy for local inat- trr. von can give your paper whatever name you choose, and your name will appear as edi- tor, and your town as the place of publica- tion. for full particulars, send stamp.* «v — church & school pub. co., detroit, mich. ^_f^^op^rjhppapers we publish. for full particulars apply chukch and school publishing co., detroit, mich. the effects of coffee. medical opinions on the dangers of the use of coffee have not been lacking. but its long as both men and women will insist on depending upon the stimulating effect to carry them through daily duties, it is not untimely to reiterate such admoni- tions as are contained in the following taken from "a berlin physician has been investigating the effects of coffee on working people near essen. many of them consumed over a pound of coffee in a week; and some men drank considerably more, besides beer and wine. the leading symptoms were profound depression of spirits, and frequent headaches, with insomnia. strong coffee would relieve this, but it would soon return, the muscles becoming weak and trembling, and the hands trembling when at rest. the heart's action was rapid and irregular, and dyspepsia was also present. the face became sallow, the hands and feet cold, and an expression of dread and agony settled over the countenance. acute inflammations were liable to appear. melancholy and hysteria were present in all cases. to be bold against the enemy is common to the brutes, but the prerogative of a man is to be bold against himself. to conquer our own fancies, and our own lasts, and our ambition, in the sacred name of duty—this it is to be truly brave and truly strang; for he who cannot rule himself, how can he rule his crew or his fortunes ?—c. kiiujsley. a hood rkply.—"what an insignificant "little thing you are!" said a puddle by the w .yside to a raindrop, as it splashed into it one morning. "per- il ips so," slid the raindrop, "but i reflect as much of the sky as i have room for, and the bosom of the proudest lake can say no more!" helpful hints. a recent advertisement contained the following: "if the gentleman who keeps the shoe shop with the read head will return the umbrella of a young lady with whalebone ribs and an iron handle to the slateroofed grocers shop, he will hear of something to his advantage, as the same is the gift of a de- ci > o ceased mother now no more with the name engraved upon it."—exchange. at a scotch fair a farmer was trying to engage a lad to assist on the farm, but would not finish the bargain until he brought a character from the last place, so he said, "run and get it, and meat nu at the cross at four o'clock." the youth was up to time, and the farmer said, ''well, have you got your character with you?" "na," replied the youth, ''but i've got yours, and i'm no' comhr." —exchange. an absent-minded german professor was one day observed walking down the street with one foot continually in the gutter, the other on the pave- ment. a pupil, meeting him, saluted him with: "good evening, herr professor. how are you <" "i was very well, i thought," answered the pro- fessor, "but now i don't know what's the matter with me. for the last half-hour i have been limp- ing." for bible study. helpful for pastor hklpful for superintendent. ........ helpful for teachers hklpful for scholirs a helpful, useful and valuable book to all lovers of the bible the qrflnb old book. after twenty or thirty years of a religious life, its glories seemed so much more full than when its verses and chapters and books were first read, one need never expect to pick up the bible and under- stand the whole truth at a single reading. they were to hear, read, mark and inwardly digest the scriptures before they might even adequately under- stand them."—dr. taylor. tastely bound, including memorandum, cents. send postal or express order or cent stamp. h. leonard wilton. publisher. detroit, m/oh. counting the jewels. the king of one of the asiatic countries—so reports a recent writer—causes all the royal jewels to be displayed before him twice a year, that he may handle them, count them, add gloat over their splendor. a certain portion of them belong, as is the case in most monarchies, not to the king person- ally, but to the crown. he cannot sell them, nor give them away, a fact which may be supposed to lessen materially his enjoyment in handling them. a christian woman who died lately at a great age, and who had carried to the last days of her life a happy heart and a singularly gay temper, thus explained the mystery of her unfailing cheerfulness: "i was taught by my mother when a child to reckon each morning before i rose the blessings god had given me with which to begin the day. i was not simply to say, "'when all thy mercies, o my god, my rising soul surveys, transported with the view, i'm lost, in wonder, love, and praise,' but i was to count the mercies one by one, from the neat and serviceable shoes that covered my cold feet to the sunlight shining on the hill-tops. my school friends, my play, my fun, my mother's kiss, the baby sister in her cradle—all these i learned to consider separately, and of every one to say, ' he gave it to me.' "this practice taught me the habit of thankful- ness. it kept my heart nearer to him, kept it light and happy. these everyday blessings were not to me mere matters of course, but special, loving touches from his paternal hand. no pain or sorrow could outweigh them." we all have a store of richer jewels than the heathen king; and, unlike the crown regalia, these jewels are our own, given to us by our father. how many of us mutter over, as the day begins, some perfunctory words of thanks which mean noth- ing? how many number their mercies, tasting the delight and joy of each, and out of glad hearts thank- ing the giver? and how many quite forget to think either of them or of him? it is not the deed we do, though the deed be never so fair, but the love that the dear lord looketh for, hiddcn'with holy care in the heart of the deed so fair.—christina rossetti. we cannot always be sure when we are the most useful. it is not the acreage you sow, it is the mul- tiplication which god gives the seed, which makes up the harvest. you have less to do with being suc- cessful than with being faithful. your main comfort is that in your labor you are not alone; for god, the eternal one, who guides the marches of the stars, is with you.—c. h. spurgeon. thoughts on bank. rank is a great beautifier.—bulwer. it is better to sacrifice rank than liberty.—ypsi- lanti. rank and riches are chains of gold, but still they are chains.—ruffini. the preposterous distinctions of rank render civil- ization a curse.—joanna webb. to be vain of one's rank or place is to disclose that one is below it.—stanislaus. birth, rank, and fortune, are not incompatible with genius and taste.—goethe. rank may confer influence, but it will not neces- sarily produce virtue.—l. murray. rank may give a man a high position, but it cannot make him a gentleman.—s. purchas. the worship of title and rank is one of the weak points of the english character.—eliza cook. whenever men of rank are ill-disposed their evil dispositions stain that rank.—pliny. . , he who weds a wife of higher rank and nobler blood sinks into nothing, lost in her superior splendor. —euripides. there are no persons more solicitous about the preservation of rank than those who have no rank at all.—shenstone. rightly do those teach who admonish us that we should be the more humble in proportion to our high rank.—cicero. it is not rank or dignity of position that makes men ; true rank is that excellence of character that shows itself in actions of probity and virtue.—jas. ellis. "god knew the best." if wc push bjar the gates of life, and stand within, and all god's workings see, wc could interpret all this doubt and strife, and for each mystery could find a key. but not to-day. then be content poor heart! god's plans, like lilies pure and white, unfold*. we must not tear the close-shut leaves apart, time will reveal the calyxes of gold, and if, through patient toil we reach the land where tired feet, with saudals loose, may rest, when we shall clearly know and understand, i think that we will say, "god kne w the best." —m. r. smith. so many little faults we find. we see them; for not blind is love. we see them; but if you and i perhaps remember them some by and by they will not be faults then—grave faults—to you and me, but just odd ways, mistakes, or even less, remembrances to bless. days change so many things,—yes, hours,— we see so differently in sun and showers. mistaken words to night may be so cheri hed by to-morrow's light, we may be patient for we know there's such a little way to go. the clouds have a silver lining, don't forget; and though he's hidden, still the sun is shining; courage! idstead of tears and vain repining. just bide a wee, and dinna fret. —from "the beautiful gate." st. paul at the tomb of virgil. by thk bkv. tryon edwards, d. d. puteoli, now pozzuoli, was the most sheltered part of the bay of naples, and the principal port of southern italy. it was once a place of great resort on account of its mineral springs, and noted also as the landing-place of the egyptian grain-ships which brought to rome their cargoes of wheat, the arrival of which was always an occasion of great inter- est, as described by seneca and suetonius. from one of these grain ships, in the year a. d. , there disembarked a troop of prisoners whom the procurator of judea had sent to rome under the charge of a centurion of the augustan cohort or band. among them, under guard and in chains, was the apostle paul, who, in his right as a roman citizen, had appealed from festus to the em- peror at rome, whither he was now going, attended by luke and arutarchus, hid loving disciples and friends. allowed as he was by the centurion, he remained for seven days at puteoli, where he was warmly received by the christians of the place, as afterwards he was met at the "market of appius" and the "three taverns" by the delegation of disciples from the imperial city. while delayed at puteoli, if we may believe an exceedingly touching and beautiful tradition, paul went up to the tomb of virgil, who was buried there, and wept at the thought that the great poet had died without the knowledge of christ. dean stanley, in his wellknown sermon on "christian missions," after showing how christianity seeks to make men purer and nobler and better, alludes to paul's deep sympathy with this aim, and then remarks: "it was a fine touch in the ancient latin hymn which described how, when the apostle landed at puteoli, he turned aside to the hill pausilipo, to shed a tear over the tomb of virgil, and thought how much he might have made of that noble soul if he had found him still on earth." he then quotes the hymn, which is as follows: "ad maronls mausoleum ductus, fudit, super eum pise vocem lacrymae; quantum, dixit, te fecissem, si te vivum invenissem, poetarum maximet" the condensed phraseology of the lines, which reminds one of some of the most concise and strik- ing of the odes of horace, scarce admits of a literal translation of its impressive and touching thought. but a free paraphase may, to the english reader, give some idea of the original:— "on his way to nero's court, when delayed a time in port, at the tomb where virgil slept, paul in thoughtful sadness wept; wept, that he of world-wide fame, should have died ere jesus came! in his musings unexpressed, this the thought that swelled his breast: 'oh! that i had found thee living, in the light the cross is giving; could have seen thee, from above taught to know a saviour's love; then, with love to christ supreme, thine had been a nobler theme, and tby harp, in loftiest lays, down the ages rolled his praise!' thoughtful and sad, paul from the hill went down, to rome, to prison, to a heavenly crown!" —christian age. industry.—an hour's industry will do more to beget cheerfulness, suppress evil humor, and retrieve your affairs, than a month's moaning. union young people's service. sunday evening, jan. , the first of a series of union meetings, under the direction of the young people's societies of the presbyterian, con- gregational, m. e., and baptist churches, was held at the m. e. church. a vast audience was in attend- ance, and a number of interesting, brief addresses, were made by representatives of the different socie- ties. exchange of service. lie pea ting the arrangement of last year for mutual assistance in special meetings, the pastor of this church went to zanesville, o., to aid his brother, rev. j. c. carman, in special meetings, following the week of prayer, the latter supplying the ann arbor baptist pulpit, january . we are to have the assistance of the zanesville pastor whenever the interest warrants special meet- ings. church notes. ernest conrad is in business in brooklyn, n. y. miss mat estev has been seriously ill of pneu- monia. mrs. lois j. wright is with her son in albion this winter. miss genevieve storms is now mrs. n. p. jacobs, of chicago. miss louise cady is teaching at crystal falls, in the upper peninsula. mrs. goodyear's sister, miss st. james, of de- troit, has been visiting her again. an unusually large subscription was taken for foreign missions, sunday morning, jan. . did you help? dr. haskell has had a marked improvement in his physical condition, and is able to be about the house again. mrs. e. r chapin and son of durand, visited ann arbor last month, to the great pleasure of their many friends. our young people's society has now a reading room open in the church parlors on sunday after- noons. misses carrie britten, martha tenney, and lena austin, spent the holiday vacation from teach- ing, with their families in ann arbor. the pastor delivered two lectures last montk before the theological seminary at rochester, n. y., on the subject of "new testament preoedent." deacon a. tucker and brother h. b. dodsley, who are compelled by business to be away dnring a large part of the year are at home for the winter. the arrears in church expenses have not yet been brought up. have you paid up your subscription to date? have you subscribed all that you possibly oould? professor knowlton, dean of the law depart- ment, has suffered severely from rheumatism and double work, the latter a frequent ailment with our busy professional men. mr. john hodge, son of deacon hodge, with his wife, spent two or three weeks at ann arbor, this month, on a visit from omaha, neb. mr. hodg« rendered admirable assistance in our service of song on two sabbath mornings. oh, for more sympathy with the natural world, and then we should always take a lesson from the most fleeting circumstances, as when a storm came down upon england, charles wesley sat in a room watching it through an open window, frightened by lightening and thunder, a little bird flew in and nestled in the bosom of the soared poet, and as he stroked it and felt the wild beating of his heart, he turned to his desk and wrote that hymn which will be while the world lasts: jesus, lover of my soul, let me to thy bosom fly, while the billows dear me roll, while the tempest still is nigh. heaven's decrees. god never would send you the darkness, if he felt you could bear the light; but you would not cling to his guiding hand. if the way were always bright; and you would not care to walk by faith could you always walk by sight. what is a good book? agood book is one that interests you. one in which the bright rather than the dark side of life is shown. one that makes you feel how mean are the small vices of life and how despicable are the great sins. one that glorifies virtue in woman and honor in man. one in which the good are rewarded and the wicked are made to suffer—suffering by the by, that may be of the conscience—or in a more material way, a reward given either on earth or promised for the future. one which convinces you that this world is filled with good men and good women. one that breathes forth the goodness of a creator, and rebpecis his all-governing laws. one that makes you feel that you are meeting real people—people who elevate your thoughts as you associate with them. a good book is one that you remember with pleasure, that when the dull hours come you can think of with interest and feel that there are people with whom you have a most interesting acquaintance, who are yet only characters of the imagination. a good book is one that tells in good english, the story it has to; sees no necessity for using for- eign words, and does not quote from the arabic or the sanscrit, as if the author had written it with an encyclopaedia britannica beside him. a good book is one that we want when weary of the people of the world; that we can read out loud and discuss; that we can hand to our daughters that it may give them pleasure, and which will only be a bteppinir-stone on the road of taste, not only to better and nobler books, but to better and nobler lives. that is a good book—and, my friends, there are hundreds of them.—ladies' home journal. beading. two things are necessary in perusing the mental labors of others, namely, not to read too much, and to pay great attention to the nature of what you do read. many people peruse books for the express and avowed purpose of consuming time; and this class of readers forms, by far, the majority of what are termed the "reading public." others again read with the laudable anxiety of being made wiser; and when this object is not attained, the disappointment may generally be attributed either to the habit of reading too much or of paying insufficient attention to what falls under their notice. blackby. our imagined jo vs. to lose a joy that has formed the subject of our dreams, to renounce a whole future, is anguish more aoute than that caused by the destruction of happi- ness, however great, that has been actually enjoyed; for is not hope better than recollection? the reflec- tions which suddenly arise out of such a ruin are like a shoreless sea; we may, for a time, swim upon it* bosom, but in the end our love must drown and perish. and it is a fearful death; for the feelings are the brightest portion of our existence. this partial death produces in certain organization*, whether they be strong or delicate, fearful havoc, the offspring of disenchantment, of defeated hope and cheated passion. balzac. the future life. there is something truly grand in the spectacle- of a man in the enjoyment of health, prosperity, and reputation, looking forward, nevertheless, to a future life with hope and thankfulness. far more admira- ble, however, is the spectacle of him who feels thie- hope and thankfulness, not by reason of dissatisfac- tion with the world, but by reason of its ministry to him of wisdom and delight. "the fact," says a great and original writer, "that the sky is brighter than the earth, is not a precious truth unless the earth itself be first understood." despise the earth, or slander it, fix your eyes on its gloom, and forget its- loveliness, and we do not thank you for your languid or despairing perception of brightness in heaven. but rise up actively on the earth, learn what there is in it, know its color and form, and the full measure and make of it, and when, after that, you say, "heaven is bright," it will be a precious truth, but not till then. lbo grin don. that which is best in our hearts, never comes forth from them.—larmartine. destiny. strange that destiny should of^en come thus, creeping like a child to our very doors; we hardly notice it, or send it away with a laugh; it comes so- naturally, so simply, so accidentally, as it were, that we recognize it not. we cannot believe that the baby intruder is in reality the king of our fortune?, the ruler of our lives. but so it is continually; and since it is, it must be right. mrs. craik. sloth makes all things difficult, but industry all easy, and he that iiseth late, must trot all day, and shall scarce overtake his business at night; while laz- iness travels so slowly that poverty soon overtakes- him.—" poor richard." f emi?i,ems of the apostles. the artists of early times, having no knowledge of the features of the apostles, used some signs to designate them which might always be recognized. for this purpose frequently a symbol of the holy man's martyrdom was used. the emblem of st. peter, a large key or keys, is readily explained as referring to the words of christ to peter (matt, xvi: ), "and i will give unto thee the keys of the kingdom of heaven." a book is also used in some portraits of st. peter, but with probably no more significance than to indicate his calling as a teacher of the holy word. the emblem of st. paul was a sword and a book, the latter to indicate his calling as a teacher, the former to remind the beholder that he was beheaded with the sword. that of st. andrew was a cross like the letter x, because he was crucified on one of this shape; that of st. james the great, a sword, in token of bis beheading, or somtimes a pilgrim's staff, as he was a great traveler, and is thought to have journeyed all over southern europe. st. john is mostly represented in mediaeval pictures with a cap and a winged serpent flying out of it, st. bartholo- mew with a knife, st. philip with a long staff whose ■upper end forms a cross, st. thomas with a laver, st. matthew with a hatchet, st. mathias with a battle -ax, st. simon with a saw, and st. jude with a club. how men salute in foreign coun- tries. it is common in arabia to put oheek to cheek. the hindoo falls in the dust before his superior. the chinaman dismounts when a great man goes <by. a japanese removes his sandals, crosses his hands, and cries out "spare me!" the burmese pretend to smell of a person's face, pronounce it sweet, and then ask for a "smell." the australian natives practice the singular cus- tom, when meeting, of sticking out their tongues at ■each other. a striking salutation of the south sea island is to fling a jar of water over the head of a friend. the arabs hug and kiss each other, making simul- taneously a host of inquiries about each other's health and prospects. the turk crosses his hands upon his breast and makes a profound obeisance, thus manifesting his regard without coming into personal contact with the object. thk care of the fatherless is in the hands of god. —zanoni. a "poor richard" says. a word to the wise is enough. god helps them that help themselves. sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor wears, while the used key is always bright. dost thou love life? then do not squander time, for that is the stuff life is made of. the sleeping fox catches no poultry. if time be of all things the most precious, wast ing time must be the greatest of prodigality. lost time is never found again; and what we call time enough always proves little enough. drive thy business, let not that drive thee. early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. he that hath a trade, hath an estate; and he that hath a calling, hath an office of profit and honor. at the workingman's house hunger looks in, but dares not enter. industry pays debts, while despair increaseth them. diligence is the mother of good luck, and god gives all things to industry. one to-day is worth two to-morrows. never leave that till to-morrow which you can do to-day. employ thy time well if thou meanest to gain leisure. thrbb removes is as bad as a fire. keep thy shop, and thy shop will keep thee. if thou would have your business done, go; if not, send. the indies have not made spain rich, because her out-goes are greater than her in-comes. many a little makes a mickle. always taking out of the meat-tub, and never putting id, soon comes to the bottom. "can't help it." my dear," said mrs. barney to her little johnny, "why are you bo careless about your lessons? your teacher tells me they are almost always imperfect." "mamma, i can't help it," was johnny's reply, in a cross, impatient tone. "you mustn't speak to me in that way," answered his mother reprovingly. "well, i can't help it! i'm sick of hearing about the old lessons." "can't help it? ah, little johnny, do you know that can't-help-it is a monster worse than any you ever read about in your books of fairies and giants?" "what do you mean?" asked johnny, at once interested. "i mean that if you let cau't-help it have his own way, everything beautiful in your life will be spoiled. can't-help-it grows stronger and fiercer every time you yield to him, and by and-by he will be stronger than you are." "but he isn't a monster that i can see." "no; you cannot see your soul, and you cannot see the enemies that try to hurt your soul; neither can you see your soul's true friends." "what are my soul's friends?" "i-will-help-it is one of them, and a strong, good friend too." johnny's attention was aroused by the idea of a monster prowling around his soul, and as he had a good deal of imagination the picture he made of him in his mind was not at all pleasant. so after think- ing a long time very seriously, he went to his mother's side, and said, "mamma, i will try to keep off the old, ugly giant; but what shall i do if he pitches right into me?" "call i-will-help-it to drive him off. he i a good giant, and is far stronger than the bad one; but you must remember that the good giant will wait for you to call him, while the bad one comes of his own ac- cord." "that isn't fair," said jphnny. "isn't it?" replied his mother, smiling. "well, if it isn't fair we must make it fair. wait till i-can't- help-it is so beaten that he doesn't dare show his head, and then see." johnny ran away with a face expressive of great determination. he had a hard lesson to learn in mental arithmetic, and he said to himself that he would show old can't help-it what a boy could do when he really tried. he was sadly tempted to be idle. some boys were coasting near by, aud he wanted to watch them ; the kitten was frisking about with a ball of yarn, and he wanted to play with her; he felt just like making pictures on the blank leaves of his book; but he thought of the giant, and said, "i will! i will!" and went on studying with all his might. he learned his lesson perfectly his teacher praised him; his mother was pleased; and he felt he had gained one victory over old can't-help- it.—children's treasury. what are eyelids fob? i will tell you a good proverb—i hope you will always remember it—god has given us eyelids as well as eyes. do you understand it? what are eye- lids for? not to see. your eyes are to see with. your eyelids are not to see with. remember there are a great many things in life—bad things—and god has given us eyelids that we may not see them, as well as eyes to look at the good things. use your eyelids. do not see the bad things. do not see them. a mother, who lives a few miles from boston, was singing "i know that my redeemer liveth." when she came to the words "hear the summons,child come home !" her little phillip, two years old, looked up and asked: "where's the summons child been, mamma; has she been to boston?" "mamma, mamma," sobbed a little three-year old girl, running into the house, much offended, "i wish you'd whip the old hen. she won't let me see the chickies. she dest lifted up her dess, and they all run right under."—exchange. labor is the parent of all the lasting wonders of this world, whether in verse or stone, whether in poe- try or pyramids. he that would be sure to have his business well done, must either do it himself, or see to the doing of it. a helping word is often like a switch on a rail- road track—but one inch between wreck and pros- perity. wickedness consists in the very hesitation about an act, even though it be not perpetrated. it is easy to assume a habit, but when you try to cast it off it will take skin and all. learning passes for wisdom with those persons who want both. the best teachers of humanity are the lives of great men. the ann a^bor baptist. vol. . ann arbor, mich., march, . first baptist church, -of- ann arbor, mich, church directory. rev. a. s. carman, no. east washington street. pastor. deacons. j. b. cady, paul snauble, w f. bird, c m. stark, e. hodge, a. tucker. trustees. the deacons, w. w. bemao, h. n. chute, wm. goodyear. treasurer. w. w. be man, no. s. fifth street; john dowdigan, ass't treasurer. clere. w. h. dorrance, jr., no. . ingalls street. sunday school officers. superintendent, c. m. stark: ass't superintendent, a. tucker; secretary and treasurer, h. n. chute; ass't secretary ant treasurer, wm. gooilyear; librarians. e e. mains, j. p. bird; chorister, j. r. sage; pianist, miss jennie bird. societies and committees. committee on membership and discipline—pastor, deacons, sunday school superintendent, dr. haskell. finance committee—messrs. bern in, snauble, chute. committee on sittings—messrs. w. ii. dorrauce.sr., dodsley, goodyear. commmittee on music—the trustees. ushers—messrs. snauble, feiner, chute, dodsley, goodyear, dowdigan. ladi s' foreign mission society—mrs. carman, president; mrs. sollis, secretary. ladies' home mis ion society—mrs. stevens, president; mrs. doig, secretary. ladies' society—mrs. nowland, president; mrs. goodyear, secretary. young people's society—h. a macy, president. temple builders—miss helen woodin, president; miss mona tucker, secretary. schedule of benevolent contributions. second =unday in june—subscriptions for ministers' home. payable first sunday in july. second sunday in september—subscriptions for state missions. payable first sunday in october. second sunday in november—subscriptions for home missions. payable second sunday in december. second sunday in january—subscriptions for for. ign missions. payable second sunday in february. second sunday in mar h—subscriptions for ministerial education. payable second sunday in april. last sunday in each month—collection for expenses of the suuday school. plan of finance a definite weekly or monthly contribution from every member. pews not rented, but assigned to contributors by lot. a number of the best pews reserved for strangers and students. regular services. preaching service—sunday at : a. m. and : p. m. snnday school—at noon. five student classes. young girls' meeting—tuesday, p. m. young christians' band for bible study—monday, p. u. general prayer meeting—wednesday, : p. m. covenant meeting—wednesday evening preceding first sunday of each mouth. the lord s supper—first sunday of each month. ladies' missionary society—friday, p. m, trustees' meeting-following the covenant meeting. the pastor will gladly receive at his home, or visit at their homes, those wishing counsel upon religious matters, or those in trouble or affl ction, or strangers, whe her members of the church or not. his morniugs are reserved for study ; his aflei noons and evenings usu- ally devoted to calling, or to the meeting of appointments at his home. ocr special meetings. the religious interest noted in the february num- ber of our paper increased and widened, until on sunday, march st, at the communion service, when at the recommendation of the pastor and deacons expression was asked in writing of the feel- ing of the church, a general and enthusiastic approval was given and personal pledges "covering all expenses were made with a view to the holding of special evangelistic services. .' for the first week neighborhood prayer meetings were held in every section of the city, aud in addi- tion class prayer meetings, an inquiry meeting, a children's meeting, and the regular prayer meeting. to the church thus prepared, the pastor's brother, rev. john c. carman of zanesville, o , came tues- day evening, march th, reciprocating the assistance given to the zanesville church in january, by the pastor of this church. the services sunday and monday evening had been of deep interest and had developed a number of oases of inquiry, and every evening thereafter, saw a deepening and enlarging of this interest. meetings were held each evening, beginning with a song service at . a direct and impressive sermon by the visiting pastor followed the song service, and then for an indefinite time both pastors and the members engaged in inquiry work. the meetings were all, with the exception of the saturday evening and sunday services, held in the lecture room of the church, which is admirably adapted for personal work. the inquiry room was filled evening after evening, and very many made decision for christ. one of the most noteworthy meetings was that held with the sunday school at the close of the lesson on the th. very many made profession of recent coming to christ, and nearly all of the remaining expressed, with unmistakeable sincerity, a desire to become christians. it is unwise to begin counting too soon, but a score of converts have already, (march st) expressed to the pastor their desire to profess christ, seven of whom were received for baptism, friday evening the th, and very many seem ready to follow. (continued on paqb .) for ocr new members, many are interested now to know what is expected of them as members of our church. for their sakes we reprint our church covenant which is a statement of the obligations of church membership as we understand them. in a few words also the purpose and work of our church and its members may be summed up as follows: . attendance—regular attendance upon the services of the church is expected except where sick- ness or some equally valid-excuse exists. each mem- ber should thus consider the preaching services, the sunday school and the weekly prayer meeting a regular engagement. . sufpobt—each member should have some part in the church's woik, and should, not wait to be elected to some office before beginning work, but should find something to do. then, each member should have a share in bearing the expenses of the church, and in the church's missionary contributions. if only a very little can be given the member should never be ashamed to give that little, and thus to form the habit of giving, and should increase the amount as god shall increase his ability. thus, for the good of the individual member and for the good of the church, each one should have an active part in its work. the covenant. having been led as we believe by the spirit of god, to receive the lord jesus christ as our savior, and on the profession of our faith having been baptised in the name of the father, and of the son, and of the holy spirit, we do now in the presence of god, angels, and this assembly, most solemnly and joyfully enter into covenant as one body in christ. we engage, therefore, by the aid of the holy spirit to walk together in christian love; to strive for the advancement of this church in knowledge, holiness, and comfort; to promote its prosperity and spirituality; to sustain its worship, ordinances, discipline, and doctrines; to contribute cheerfully and regularly to the support of the ministry, the relief of the poor, and the spread of the gospel throughout all nations. we also engage to maintain family and secret devotion ; to religiously educate our children ; to seek the salvation of our kindred and acquaintances; to walk circumspectly in the world; to be just in our dealings, faithful in our engagements, and exemplary in our deportment; to avoid all tattling, backbiting, and excessive anger; to abstain from the sale and use of intoxicating drinks as a beverage; and to be zealous to advance the kingdom of our savior. we further engage to watch over one another in brotherly love; to remember each other in prayer; to aid each other in sickness and distress; to culti- vate christian sympathy in feeling and courtesy in speeoh; to be slow to take offence but always ready for reconciliation, and (mindful of the rule of our savior) to secure it without delay. we moreover engage that when we remove from this place we will as soon as possible unite with some other church where we can carry out the spirit of this covenant and the principles of god's word. our special meetings. (continued from page .) rev. j. c. carman took his departure thursday evening, the th, after the service. his admirable work will not be forgotten by our church. three meetings at the church, and neighborhood meetings on two other evenings were appointed for the week beginning march d, and it is confidently expected that the interest will continue and have further development. annual church meeting. the annual meeting of the church for the hearing of reports, the election of officers, and the transaction of other busness, will be held on monday evening, april th, . it is desired that all members of the church attend and participate in the important work of this meeting. our accounts with the treasurer. the church treasurer has prepared a statement of account for each subscriber, showing how fully he has paid up the amount of his subscription to march st. it is hoped that all arrearages in subscriptions will be paid np before the annual meeting, and that some who have not contributed will do so, as there is a prospect of a deficit at the end of the year. the talk and the hilarity of the table are a snare. men of social charm use their gift to their own un- doing and to the injury" of others. the meeting- place of boon companions is to many the vestibule of ruin. even where sociality is not permitted to de- generate into temptation, the conversation of the table is too often allowed to lapse into triviality and stupidity; and the meetings of friends, which might give intellectual stimulus and kind, noble purpose, become a weariness and satisfy nobody. it is a rare gift to be able to lift conversation out of the ditch, and lead it to manly and profitable themes.—rev. rhys harries. experience and criticism. ye, whose hour-glass shifts its tranquil sands in the unmixed silence of a student's cell; ye, whose untempted hearts have never toss'd upon the dark and stormy tides, where life gives battle to the elements, and man wrestles with man for some slight plank, whose weight will bear but one, while round the desperate wretch the hungry billows roar, and the fierce fate, like some huge monster, dim, seen thro' the surf, waits him who drops; ye safe and formal men, who write the deeds, and with unfeverish hand, weigh in nice scales the motives of the great, ye cannot know what ye have never tried i history preserves only the fleshless bones of what we are,—without the colorings and humanities that clothe our errors, the anatomists of schools can make our memory hideous. —lytton (richelieu). oems rich and rare. thought is one of god's greatest gifts; let us consecrate it to him and to his glory.—audio. o, be men of purpose! the world needs such men. one aim his glory! make the noble resolu- tion, i wili, live a life of purpose.—dean vaughan. the true heroes are those the world never hears of, and never will hear of; the blessed household martyrs who offer unto god the sacrifice not of death's one pang, but of life's long, patient endur- ance. resistance to evil, even in the desert solitude, is a new starting-point of life. christ's thought is reflected, it is reproduced, in the thought of the true christian. rousseau observes "that the inventor of chris- tianity would not have been less remarkable than its subject" but if jesus christ is lord of the christian's thought, he is also lord of his affections. beauty it is which provokes love, and christ is the highest moral beauty. heaven will be an endless excelsior !—audio.' were all books reduced to their quintessence, many a bulky author would make his appearance in a penny paper. there would be scarcely any such thing in nature as a folio: the works of an age would be contained on a few shelves; not to mention mil- lions of volumes that would be utterly annihilated.— addison. truth. it is disgraceful to the immortal understanding of man to be governed by sounds, and to be the slave of that speech which was given to do him service. it is beneath the loftiness of his faculties to take his notions of truth from the little hamlet in which he was bred, or from the fashions of thought which pre- vail in his hour of life : for truth dwells not on the danube, or the seine, or the thames ; she is not this thing to-day, and to-morrow another but she is of all places, and all times the same, in every change and in every chance—as firm as the pillars of the earth, and as beautiful as its fabric. add to the power of discovering truth, the desire of using it for the promotion of human happiness, and you have the great end and object of our existence. this is the immaculate model of excellence that every human being should fix in the chambers of his heart—which he should place before his mind's eye from the rising to the setting of the sun—to strengthen his under- standing, that he may direct his benevolence, and to exhibit to the world the most beautiful spectacle the world can behold, of consummate virtue guided by consummate talent, reason, and judgment.—sydney smith. describing scenery. in attempting to paint scenery by words, you are conscious of the imperfection of language, which, be- ing a creation of the mind, is by no means of so easy use, skillfully and accurately, in delineating form as in conveying thought. it is easier to tell how nature affects the heart and mind, than to describe nature worthily; and the passages in our favorite poets which go down deepest into the heart, and are kept as odorous gums, or bits of musk, about our common thoughts, are those which express, not the features so much as the voice of nature, and the feelings awakened by it, and the answering tones from the harp of immortality within our own souls. it is much easier for the imagination to create a fine pic- ture, than for the mind to draw a real picture with power of imagination; for the soul works more feel- ingly and intensely in the ideal, than the actual tenses report ideally in the actual. "a poet," says coler- idge, "ought not to pick nature's pocket: let him borrow, and so borrow as to repay by the very act of borrowing. examine nature accurately, but write from recollection : and trust more to your imagina- tion than to your memory."—dr. cheever. god is the only rest for the soul. everything is too much or too little, god alone has the measure of our souls.—laeordaire. .* koch & henne, furniture, carpets, oil cloths and draperies. •rdered work and repairing a specialty. undertaking promptly attended to. and south main street. the students' bookstore state street, carry the largest slock of books and bibles of all-kinds, and offer them at new york prices. ladies' fine stationery a specialty. : : :: sheehan & co., propr«. charles speller & co., > s. state street, a good assortment of gentle- men's furnishings always in stock. shirts, ties, gloves, umbrellas, baseball and tennis goods. c. e. godfrey, truck and storage. telephone . office, n. th avenue. - - patronize - - bassett bros.' pharmacy, state st. prescriptions a specialty. bicycles adopted by the u. s. goveraeut. the famous warwick. solid or cushioned, tired wheels. all sizes, all styles, all prices. send or call for cata- logue at i i w. washington street. m. staebleb, agent. heinzmann & laubengayer, w. washington st. elevator foot washington st. sealers in the choicest brands ok also feed, baled hay, wood and straw. • cousins & hall, growers of all kinds of house and bedding plants. cut flowers and floral de- signs a specialty. green- houses, cor. s university ave. and twelfth st. telephone connection. j. c. clinton, merchant tailor. duffy block, opposite ll poetofflce. doxy a. feimer : : for: fine shoes, best quality, low pkices. the argus. the cheapest semi-weekly • in the state. newsiest paper in the city. try it. fine photographs. all styles and sizes. pictures taken by electricity in the evening. keller's, huron st. ferguson*** fine carriages &road cart* all work waurantkd. the independent. an undenominational religious weekly. published in new york city. by far the greatest publi- cation of its kind. subscriptions can begin at any time. regular rates, $ . per year; to new subscribers, $ . . d. e. carman, agent, e. washington st. ^ mrs. m. m. tuttle, millinery, s. main st. just received spring stock. agent old staten island dye works. (j. tbekbach, general & builders' hardware furnaces, mantles. house furnishing goods stores, agricultural implements, guns, iron, glass, cutlery, pumps, rubber and leather belting, ■uufutgrcr of tin, knot iron and copp«r»«r«. and main street. wm. biggs, contractor and builder cor. . university ave and church t. john moore, proprietor city drug store, e. huron st. cook's hotel block. prescriptions accurately compounded. toilet articles, perfumery, fancy goods, etc. now! wait not till^the leaves are scattered ere you seek the woodland's gloom, • wait not till the rose is shattered ere you gather its perfume. wait not till the house is emptied ere you call and knock for peace; wait not till the heart's exempted from its cares, and welcomes cease. speak your word of loving kindness ere the ears are shut and barred; look with love before death's blindness hath that glance of duty marred. do all deeds humane and tender now some darkened life to cheer; flowers but mock the tardy sender when too late laid on the bier. maxim. gaze not on beauty too much, lest it blast thee; nor too long, lest it blind thee; nor too near, lest it burn thee; if thou like it, it deceives thee; if thou love it, it disturbs thee; if thou lust after it, it destroys thee; if virtue accompany it, it is the heart's paradise; if vice associate it, it is the soul's purgatory; it is the wise man's boon-fire, and the fool's furnace.—qnarles. literature. "what do we not owe to the pen and printing press?" literature may be regarded as a noble interpreter between naturally opposing spheres of life, and as sanctifying and elevating the past. it brings before our notice instances of noble self-denial- and asserts the dignity of mankind, demonstrating often that rank is but the guinea stamp, and proving, by examples from life, everything is possible to per- severance and self-reliance, allied with caution, pru- dence and self-control. it takes and keeps alive within us a full-hearted interest in the main currents of life and opinion, a ready sympathy for all that is strong and genuine in individual character, and a willingness to serve the weak and suffering, and to make it evident to those who, because of their ele- vated position, are not en rapport with the baser conditions amid which they live, that their true in- terest is bound up in the elevation of all—at least, to a level where intelligent obedience to law is possible for them. such an interest as this is one of the main elements of literature, and should be of everyone, according to his power, to awaken and to sustain. the drama and novels also have their value, espe- cially to business men, who have to stifle their sym- pathy during the day, in drawing attention to the sufferings of others and making ub grieve; even if it be fictitious distress, it must humanise, soften and purify the soul.—piatt. the power and art of memory. let the reader consider seriously what he would give at any moment to have the power of arresting the fairest scenes, those which so often rise before him only to vanish; to stay the cloud in its fading, the jeaf in its trembling, and the shadows in their changing; to bid the fitful foam be fixed upon the river, and the ripples b.e everlasting upon the lake; and then to bear away with him no darkness or feeble sun-stain (though even that is beautiful), but a counterfeit which should seem no counterfeit—the true and perfect image of life indeed. or rather (for the full majesty of such a power is not thus suffi- ciently expressed), let him consider that it would be in effect nothing less than a capacity of transporting himself at any moment into any scene—a gift as great as can be possessed by a disembodied spirit; and suppose, also, this necromancy embracing not only the present but the past, and enabling us seem- ingly to enter into the very bodily presence of men long since gathered to the dust; to behold them in act as they lived, but with greater privilege than ever was granted to the companions of those transient acts of life—to see them fastened at our will in the gesture and expression of an instant, and stayed on the eve of some great deed, in immortality of burn- ing purpose. conceive, so far as is possible, such power as this, and then say whether the art which conferred it is to be spoken lightly of, or whether we should not rather reverence, as half-divine, a gift which should go so far as to raise us into the rank, and invest us with the felicities, of angels.—john raskin. to arrive at perfection, a man should have very sincere friends, or inveterate enemies; because he would be made sensible of his good or ill conduct, either by the censure of the one, or the admonitions of the others.—diogenes. would you hurt a man keenest, strike at his self- love; would you hurt a woman worst, aim at her affections.—lewis wallace. if the young man knew, if the old man could, there is nothing but would be done.—italian proverb. when faith grows weak, all virtues are weakened; when faith is lost, all virtues are lost.—st. signorl if thou wouldst be borne with, bear with others. —fuller. we increase our wealth by lessening our desires. bk slow to promise and quick to perform. mymn classics. "jesus, lover of sit soul." this hymn is acknowledged to be the most gen- erally accepted and beloved of all christian hymns. it is said that one day, in the year , charles wesley was sitting at his desk in his room, when a little bird pursued by a hawk flew into the room, and took refuge in his bosom. the poet took up his pen, and wrote these immortal verses. henry ward beecher, when speaking of his father's love for this hymn, once said: "i would rather have written that hymn of wesley's, 'jesus, lover of my soul,' than to have the fame of all the kings that ever ruled on the earth. it is more glor- ious. it has more pdwer in it. i would rather be the author of that hymn than hold the wealth of the richest man in new york. he will die. he is dead* and does not know it. he will piss, after a little while, out of men's thoughts. what will there be to say of him? what will he have done that will stop trouble, or encourage hope? his money will go to his heirs. in three or four generations, everything comes to the ground again for redistribution. but that hymn will go on singing till the last trump brings forth from every land the children of god, and then it will mount up on some lip to the very presence of god." some one has compiled a list of eminent men who were known to repeat this hymn when dying. theo- logians and scholars of every creed are on this list. dr. herrick johnson gives an incident of his hos- pital work during the war. he came upon a drum- mer-boy who was wounded unto death. "what can i do for you, my brave fellow?" "sing ' jesus, lover of my soul.'" a wounded soldier lying near took up the words, and began to sing them ; while the drummer-boy, too weak to sing, repeated them as his dying prayer, and while they were on his lips, his soul took its flight to the bosom of jesus. in the winter of , a christian worker in new york visited bellevue hospital. he was urged by the attendants to see an english sailor in one of the wards, who was near death and unable to speak. the good man leaned over his bed, and softly repeated this hymn in his dull ear. there was no sign that the dying man heard the blessed words, and the visitor went away. about midnight, however, the sailor aroused, and with a clear voice said,— "jesus, lover of my soul, let me to thy bosom fly;" and continued until he had repeated the entire hymn. he then added other verses of hymns, and suddenly died. "who can tell," says duffield, "how great a bridge had been thrown by those familiar words across the gulf of memory, and how great a comfort they may have brought to his dying hour?" a lady in norwich, england, went to hear a fam- ous preacher at the tabernacle. she was in great distress of mind, and had determined to attend divine service once more; and she intended, if she obtained no peace, then to drown herself. the first hymn that the preacher announced was, "jesus, lover of my soul," which so startled her, and suited her con- dition, that she supposed that "he had made this hymn for her sake," for she was sure some one had informed him of her state of mind. as a result of this experience, she was hopefully converted. one beautiful evening in the summer of , a party of northern tourists formed part of a large company gathered on the deck of an excursion steamer sailing down the historic potomac. a gentle- man who has since gained a national reputation as a singing evangelist, had been delighting the party with his happy rendering of familiar hymns, the last bting that petition so dear to every christian heart, "jesus, lover of my soul." the singer gave the first two verses with such feeling and emphasis as thrilled every heart. a hush had fallen upon the listeners, which was not broken till a gentleman made his way from the outskirts of the crowd to the side of the singer, and said,— "keg your pardon, stranger; but were you actively engaged during the late war?" "yes, sir," the man of song replied, "i fought under gen. grant." "i did my fighting on the other side," continued the first speaker, "and am quite sure i was very near you, one bright night, eighteen years ago this very month. it was much such a night as this. if i am not mistaken, you were on guard duty. we of the south had sharp business on hand, and you were one of the enemy. i was selected by the commander, because i had a reputation as a 'sure shot,' to creep near your post of duty. the shadows hid me. my weapon was in my hand. as you paced back and forth, you were humming the tune of the hymn you have just sung. i raised my gun, and aimed it at your heart. then out upon the air rang the words,— 'cover my defenceless head with the shadow of thy wing.' your prayer was answered. i couldn't fire after that, and there was no attack made upon your camp that night. i felt sure, when i heard you sing this even- ing, that you were the man whose life i was spared from taking." the singer grasped the hand of the southerner, and said with much emotion: a happy new ye alt to you. ahappy new year! oh. sach may it be! joyously, surely, and fully for thee! fear not and faint not, but be of good cheer, and trustfully enter thy happy new year. happy, so happy! thy father shall guide,' protect thee, preserve thee, and always provide! onward and upward along the right way lovingly leading thee day by day. happy, so happy! thy savior shall be ever more precious and present with thee! happy, so happy! his spirit thy guest, filling with glory the place of his rest. happy, so happy. though shadows around may gather and darken, they flee at the sound of the glorious voice lhat saith, "be of good cheer!" then joyously enter thy happy new year. —frances ridley havergal. the golden ointment. a fairy toet. little lily was playing one fine summer evening in the garden of her mother's cottage. at the end of the garden grew a beautiful apple tree, under the shade of which was placed a seat made of roots of trees. this seat was raised so high, by being put on top of a daisy covered mound, that anyone who sat on it could look over the trim hawthorn hedge and see what was passing on the high road. here sat lily busy with her doll. she had dressed it in a spotted muslin skirt, a blue silk bodice, and a straw hat with pink ribbons, and a white lace veil, all of which she had cut out and shaped and sewed and trimmed herself, for she was a very active, neat- handed little thing. she showed the doll everything that could be seen, pointed out the wind-mill and the steeple of the church and the blue hills in the distance. then she told it a long story about a fairy who lived in the inside of a walnut shell, and used to frighten people out of their wits by buzzing in their ears like a wasp. she then laid dolly across her knees and told her to go to sleep, and sang her a lullaby. this is what she sang:— "naughty baby, go to sleep, little eyes must no more peep; soundly rest, my dear wee thing, and a pleasant song i'll sing. look no more at these blue skies, darling dolly, close your eyes; quiet he and soundly sleep, while a careful watch i keep. now, while lily was hushing her doll with this bong, what should she see coming driving along the road but the queen's own carriage. in front of it rode two mea all decked out in purple coats, blazing with gold lace, with cocked hats on their heads, and long white feathers. they rode on great horses with silver- mounted saddles, and had swords dangling at their sides, which kept up a tremendous clattering. behind these royal servants came the carriage, drawn by four horses with jingling harness, and driven by a fat, red faced old coachman in a yellow wig and three cornered hat. in the carriage sat the queen, leaning back on a crimson velvet cushion, and all covered with gold and diamonds. two ladies were with her, as grand as pea- cocks, and one or two lords beside the carriage, with their noses up in the air, and far too high and mighty to look at the ground. behind the coach stood a pair of long footmen in red, like a couple of hollyhocks, and then two other fellows came bumping away on horseback. there was a famous prancing and rumb- ling as they all swept past, and they left huge clouds of dust behind them. now little lily stopped her song and forgot all about her doll, in staring with all her eyes at the queen, and the horses and all the grand folks. when they had passed she did not sing again; in fact, she was no longer in a humor for singing. she was busy thinking how much she would like to be a queen, and ride about in carriages, and live in a grand palace, and have plenty of servants. the foolish little thing got down from her seat and went dreamily along the garden walk, her head hanging down and her finger in her mouth. the poor, forgotten doll had tumbled down, and was lying with its head on the ground and its feet in a gooseberry bush; but lily never saw it—she was quite miserable, thinking about the queen, and wishing she were one. now, as she was so occupied, suddenly a fairy stood before her. she looked like a very little, old grandmother, and had a funny, puckered face and a long nose. she was dressed in a black silk dress, and had a white cap on her head. '•my dear child," cried the little old thing, "what makes you look so glum? what on earth's the matter with you?" lily looked up at the voice, and then stood silent, for she did not like to tell what she had been thinking about ''you were singing as merry as a lark a little while ago, weren't you?" said the fairy. "yes," replied lily. "and you stopped after the queen passed?" "yes," answered lily again. "and the reason is, because you have been wishing you were a queen, and had a much grander house and pkogkess. the friends of prohibition have obtained some sig- nal victories from the supreme court of the united states, in a series of decisions of the utmost importance, by which the application of prohibitory laws to the manufacture and sale of liquors has been thoroughly established as a principle in no wise in conflict with the constitution of the united states. it will be worth while at this time to recall these decis- ions. . license by the united states to carry on the wholesale liquor business in any state does not give power to carry on such business in violation- of the laws of the state. . a state may pass laws prohibiting the retail of intoxicants without a license, and providing restrictions in the granting of such a license. . restrictive and prohibitory state legislation is not contrary to the fourteenth amendment. . companies for the manufacture and sale of liquors have no greater rights than individuals possess, and are not exempt from restrictive or prohibitory state legislation. . state prohibitory laws, as police regulations, are not repugnant to the constitution of the united states. . brewers or distillers may not claim compensa- tion for property because it has diminished in value by reason of state prohibitory legislation. . states have the full right of prohibiting the manufacture of intoxicants, whether for home use or for exportation to other states. . states, under the wilson act, may deal with liquors imported from other states precisely as though they were not so imported but produced at home. these decisions constitute a wall of strength to the cause of prohibition. they are principles enunciated by the highest court of the land, and will stand as long as the constitution, of which they are the inter- pretation, shall stand.—the independent. which ide he is on. rev. b. f. mills, the evangelist, who recently con- ducted a successful revival at elgin, ., took occasion at one of his meetings to refer to the liquor question as follows: '' i would like to give a little sermon on temper- ance, and i would like to make it so plain that every- body could understand. sometimes a person will in- sult me by asking which side of the temperance or pro- hibition question i am on i which side am i on? well, you go to the drunkards and thieves, and^ burg- lars and gamblers, and saloon keepers and makers of the accursed stuff, and find out which side they are, and then put me down on the other side. as you go down to that wretched hovel, where that poor woman, worse than widowed, sits with her worse than orphaned babe at her breast, her heart's blood dripping away drop by drop, put your ear down close to her heart, and hear which side she is on, and then put me down on her side. why is it that these accursed saloons exist in elgin today? because men worship the god that tavors hades. sup- pose a man should come here today and take one of your fairest and brightest children, and by making a few passes over it convert it into an idiot, the whole community would be after him. millions of dollars would not induce you to license him to do such a thing if he could do it in ten minutes, and it is only a ques- tion of five years, or possibly ten or twenty, and you will allow him to do that very thing, and for only a paltry few hundred dollars. the little maid for me. i know a little maiden, whom i always see arrayed in silks and ribbons, but she is a spoiled and petted little elf, for she never helps her mother nor her sisternor her brother; but, forgetting all around 'ier, lives entirely for herself. so she simpers and she sighs, and she mopes and she cries, and knows not where the happy hours flee. now let me tell you privately, my darling little friends, she is as miserable as miserable can be, and i fear she's not the little maid for me. but i know another maiden, whom i've often seen'arrayed in silks and ribbons, but not always; she's a prudent little elf; and she always helps her mother and her sister and her brother, and lives for all around her, quite regardless of herself. so she laughs and she sings, and the hours on happy wings shower gladness around her pathway as they flee. now, need i tell you privately, my darling little friends, she's as happy as a little maid can be? this is surely just the little maid forme. —harper's young people. golden are those who, being born philosophers, will only be content with truth exactly considered; silver are those who, politicians by nature, are content with opinion and probability.—tasso. why are we made proud and puffed up by the wisdom of this life which is so similar to darkness, when in that other—the true life, though called by mortals death—our wisdom will resemble the purest light ?—tasso. good in the locket—better in the soul. ayoung girl, loved by all who knew her, on ac- count of her rare sweetness of disposition and lovable character, always wore about her neck a little - locket which nobody was allowed to open. none of her companions ever knew what was in it, until one day, when she was down with a serious illness, one of them was granted permission to open it. she did so and saw engraved there: "whom having not seen i love." that was the secret of her beautiful life. the love of christ in her heart had developed in her char- acter "the image of the saviour." "in the midst op life we are in death." this sentence, in our burial service, is supposed to be from the bible. it is derived from a latin anti- phon, said to have been composed by notker, a monk of st. gall, in , while watching some workmen building a bridge at martinsbrucke, in peril of their lives. it forms the ground work of luther's antiphon de morte. brethren in christ, to holier things the simple type apply; our qod himself a temple builds, eternal, and on high, of ransomed souls; their zion there, that world of light and bliss; their lebanon, the plaoe of toil, of previous moulding, this! lord, chisel, chasten, polish us, each blemish wash away; cleanse us with purifying blood, in spotless robes array; and thus, thine image on us stamped, transport us to that shore, where not a stroke is ever felt, for none is needed more. —the shadow of the rock. joined to christ in mystic union, we thy members, thou our head, sealed by deep and true communion, risen with thee, who once wert dead— saviour, we would humbly claim all the power of this thy name. make thy members every hour for thy blessed service meet, earnest tongues and arms of power, skillful hands and hastening feet, ever ready to fulfill all thy word and all thy will. —f. r. havergal pray for whom thou lovest; thou wilt never have any comfort of his friendship for whom thou dost not pray. yes. pray for whom thou lovest; if uncounted wealth were thine,— the treasures of the boundless deep, the riches of the mine,— thou couldst not to thy cherished friends a gift so deep impart, as the earnest benedictions of a deeply loving heart. —the changed cross. truth and life. to be selfish is to be ignoble.—haweis. there is nothing in which men more deceive them- selves than in what they call zeal. —addison. a man who is not ashamed of himself need not be ashamed of his early condition.—daniel webster. it is safer to be silent than to reveal one's secret to any one, and telling him not to mention it.—saadi. a man's strength in this life is often greater from some single word, remembered and cherished, than in arms and armor.—h. w. beecher. the true aim of the highest education is to give character rather than knowledge, to train men to be rather than to know.—mark hopkins. it is not work that kills men; it is worry. work is healthful; you can hardly put more upon a man than he can bear. worry is rust upon the blade.—henry ward beecher. the nearer our savior drew to his glory, the more humility he expressed. his followers were first his servants, and he their master; then his disciples and he their teacher; soon afterwards they were his friends, and he theirs; straightway after his resurrec- tion and entrance into an immortal condition, the)' were his brethren; and, lastly, they were incorporated into him and made partakers of his glory. — bishop hall, . there are men who cannot know of a need in all the world without its taking the shape of a personal appeal to them. they must go and do this thing. there are such men who seem to have a sort of mag- netic attraction for all wrongs and pains. all griev- ances and woes fly to them to be righted and consoled. they attract need. they cannot sleep at troas but the soul of macedonia finds them out, and comes across, and begs them, "come and help us." we must all be thankful to know that there are such men among us, however little we may feel that we are such men ourselves; nay, however little we may want to be such men.—phillips brooks. the j. t. jacobs co. and main street, in their mammoth double store, nave the best goods for the least money. everything in the line of clothing, hats and caps. great cut in overcoats. rentschler, photographer cor. main and huron street*. state street. goodyear & st. james. dry goods and notions. popular goods at popular prices. s. main street.; dean sc co., south main street. prepared coffee, ji cts. per lb.; prime roasted rio coffee, ots. per lb.; very best roasted rio coffee, cts. per lb.: best roasted maricabo coffee, & cts. per lb.; best roasted java coffee, cts. per lb.; best roasted mocha, cts. per lb. we have the latest machinery for clean- ing and roasting coffee. eberbach & son, pharmacists. toilst powd rs, toiletine. bloom of roses. drygoods, cloaks, draperies, carpets, fancy goods, wholesale and retail. largest stock in washtenaw county. ivl&otc c schmidt. painters and decorators. dealers in painters' supplies. e_ washington street. for men's furnishing goods go to ghas. speller & co., £ . state street. ann arbor savings bank, ann arbor, mich. capital stock, $ , . surplus, $ , . assets, $ , . a general banking business transacted. exchange on all the principal cities bought and sold. dtd pcilt interest is allowed on deposits in the savings rln ocr i. department. christian mack, pres. w. d. harriman, vice-pres. chas. e. hiscock, cashier. grasshopper legs. hard to fit. take a twenty-four, i do. remember all the measurements, 'most twenty- four breast, fourteen collar; twenty nine long, twen— say, there, dick, let that bat alone, tell you! yes, mother, i'm going in a minute—didn't i tell you so (impatiently)?—soon's i settle sue, here, for nabbing my ear." "what are you laughing at. uncle harry?" 'oh, nothing much! just thought what a chance it was for the recording angel to take your measure— that's all." jimmy went on about his errand, and when he got back it was high bed time and a little past; so after the usual amount of teasing to wait just another game, and grumbling at the injustice of sending a boy to bed before it was dark, when all the other boys in the town could sit up until ten, he stumbled up the stairs in a very bad humor. he got out of his clothes, but how, no one but a boy in a bad humor and a hurry to have it over can tell. how he was to get into such a tangled criss- cross muss the nest morning was another puzzle. "blessings on the man that invented sleep!" would have been a very appropriate motto to tack on jim- my's bed that night; for, embraced in its arms, he soon forgot dick s felonious intentions on his bat, the pending settlement with sue of the "nabbing" case, and the ill-humor of the last moments, aroused by his sense of ill-treatment, and was living again the proud moments in the merchant tailor's room, where the soft, handsome folds of the "pin-check" goods were being admired, and the hum of the tailor's voice, as he said, '' open your vest, please; now lift your arms, so; stand straight, please: fourteen, twenty-four, that will do," etc., rang in his ears. presently it became indistinct and confused. then it began to ring out again with new distinctness: "stand straight, please. humph! very much shrunken calves, these. one, two,—only two errands for mother today, and a good deal of growling over those. open the vest, please. thirteen breast meas- ure. small heart inside; cold and selfish; wants every- thing for himself. some boys, with generous hearts, measure twenty-five. stand straight, please! nino- teen high; good deal of baby yet; whines and pouts like one. a boy with sense and manliness enough to take things reasonably ought to measure thirty." by this time jimmy was tumbling and rolling at a precious rate. great beads of sweat stood on hi« brow, and something suspiciously like groans broke from his lips. "pretty crooked, shriveled specimen this! hard to make his robe look decent at all got in by the skin of his teeth." you would have thought jimmy was trying to put himself through a knot hole, he shrank into so small a ball in one corner of the bed. "cut a sorry figure before the throne. if he'd only thought as much of how his spirit grew as having a «ell shaped bod—" a long, low, gurgling sound came from under the bed-clothes, which were gripped tight in both jimmy's fists. tiptoe, tiptoe came footsteps down the hal>, and a light gleamed along the wall and shone into jimmy's face. "oh, how it shines! let me go away—away back, please, mr. recording angel! i'm so un—" "jimmy, jimmy! wake up! what's the matter, boy?" "oh! mr. an— why, uncle harry! i'm so glad! —i guess i've been dreaming; but tell you it was mighty natural. don't go vet!" ''but what about the recording angel?" ''why, don't you know what you said last night about—about—" "taking your measure, eh? as good as smith's?" '•no; but i mean to make it so, uncle hany."— reformed church messenger. our menagerie. we have a whole menagerie at our home i declare. for yonder comes a little chap as hungry as a bear; and t have heard the youngster say. when on an errand sent, "i'm just as tired as a dog," and doggedly he went. it is but seldom that he cries, i'm willing to confess, and seldom would you care to hear his signa's of distress; for like the "mighty monarch'' who in forests love to reign, this autocrat of ours will roar with all his might and main. as sly as any fox is he when mischief is about; as innocent as any lamb when you would find him out; aad when correction's rod. perchance, you'd have the urchin feel. he wriggles out of wisdom's way as slippery as an eel. but there are days when order reigns supreme within the house; no doors are banged: the child appears as quiet as a mouse; till of a sudden through the bars of silence he will bolt, and scamper up and down the street like any other colt. we never know just how or when occurs the change we see; now he is slower than a snail, and then a busy bee. but when a whole menagerie we're anxions to enjoy. we open wide the outer door, and introduce that boy. —exchange. look abovk. ip, in a hurrying tide of strife, the weary, toiling march of life. some angry hand with passion rife, some cruel foe, deal on thy shrinking heart a blow— then smile ar.d look above, for god is love. or, harsher yet, if some dear lip should let the careless answer slip, in the dear heart its fierce tongue dip harsher than foe, and deal thy loving heart the blow— then smile and look above, for god is love. and if the world seems dark and drear, thou long'st to feel thy rest is near— lay down thy rube of doubt and fear, trust thou in god and be thy dark road bravely trod, smile thou and look above, for god is love. deeds better than words. every man feels instinctively that all the beautiful sentiments in the world weigh less than a single lovely action; and that while tenderness of feeling and susceptibility to generous emotions are accidents of life, permanent goodness is an achievement and a quality of the life. fine words, says one homely old proverb, butter no parsnips; and if the question be how to render those vegetables palatable, an ounce of butter would be worth more than all the orations of cicero. the only conclusion of a man's sincerity is that he gives himself for a principle. words, money, all things else, are comparatively easy to give away; but when a man makes a gift of his daily life and practice, it is plain that the truth, whatever it may be, has taken possession of him. from that sincerity his words gain the force and pertinency of deeds, and his money is no longer the pale drudge 'twixt man and man, but, by a beautiful magic, what erewhile bore the image and superscription of csesar seems now to bear the image and superscription of god. it is thus that there is a genius of goodness, for magnanimity, for self-sacrifice, as well as for creative art; and it is thus that, by a more refined sort of platonism, the infinite beauty dwells in and shapes to its own like- ness the soul which gives it body and individuality. — j. russell lowell. the life to be- life appears to me too short to be spent in ani- mosity or registering wrongs. we are, and must be, one and all. burdened with faults in this world; but the time will soon come when we shall put them off in putting off corruptible bodies; when debasement and sin will fall from us with this cumbrous frame of flesh, and only the spark will remain—the impalpable prin- ciple of life and thought, pure as when it left the creator to inspire the creature; whence it came it will return, perhaps to pass through gradations of glory, from the pale human soul to brighten to the seraph. it is a creed in which delight, to which i cling. it makes eternity a rest, a mighty home, not a terror and an abyss. besides, with this creed revenge never worries my heart, degradation never too deeply disgusts me, injustice never crushes me too low. i live in calm looking to the end. —charlotte bronte. books should be well chosen. there is a choice in books as in friends; and the mind sinks or rises to the level of its habitual society— is subdued, as shakspeare says of the dyer's hand, to what it works in. cato's advice, "consort with the good,'' is quite as true if we extend it to books; for they, too, insensibly give away their own nature to the mind that converses with them. they either beckon upward or drag down. and it is certainly true that the material of thought acts upon the thought itself. milton makes his fallen angels grow small to enter th infernal council room; but the soul, which god meant to be the spacious chamber where high thought and generous aspirations might commune together, shrinks and narrows itself to the measure of the meaner com- pany that is wont to gather there, hatching conspiracies against our better selves. we are apt to wonder at the scholership of the men of three centuries ago, and at a certain dignity of phrase that characterizes them. the}' were scholars because they did not read so many things as we. they had fewer books, but these were of the best. their speech was noble because they lunched with plutarch and supped with plato. we spend aj much time over print as they did; but instead of communing with the choice thoughts of choice spirits, we are willing to become mere sponges satu- rated from the stagnant goose-pond of village gossip. —j. russell lowell. the quality of pleasantness in human nature. mr. lowell somewhere relates that dr- holmes once called his attention to a line on an old tombstone, over a woman's grave, that read "she was pleasant," and quoting this in his address at the meeting in westminster abbey, in commemoration of dean stan- ley, he emphasized the all-embracing importance of this quality of pleasantness in human nature. and rightly. to have that temperament which makes one's personal presence an influence of sunny cheerful- ness and of happy serenity is a gift whose value exceeds that of any special and particular talent that art or literature can comprehend. the man who puts what he hath of poetry into verse and leaves none for his life is not the man who covets for a friend. ib thoughts from john ruskin. he art-gift is the result of the moral character of generations. floweks have a fixed power of enlivening or ani- mating the senses and heart. inordinate excitement and pomp of life make you enjoy coarse colors and affected forms. one person differs from another primarily, by fine- ness of nature, and secondly, by fineness of training. children should be taught to be gentle through entreatings of gentleness, and honorable trusts. good taste is an agreeing with the habitual sense which the most refined education gives to the whole mind. at youri own will you may see in a gutter in the street either tne refuse of the street or the image of the sky. the pictures of tintoret are the most precious articles in europe, being the best productions of human industry. children should laugh but not mock, and when they laugh it should not be at the weaknesses and the faults of others. the alternate suction and surrender of charybdis means the unreasonable spending of what is un- reasonably gathered. every right action and true thought sets the seal of its beauty on person and face; every foul thought its seal of distortion. nature intends that a provident person shall be richer than a spendthrift, and the utmost efforts of socialism cannot prevent it a consistently just and a consistently unjust person can be rightly distinguished at a glance, and if the qualities are continued by descent there arises a complete distinction of race. to receive pleasure from an evil thing is not to escape from, or alter the evil of it, but to be altered by it; to suffer from it to the utmost, having our own nature made evil also. neglect. from the very nature of salvation it is plain that the only thing necessary to make it of bo effect is neglect hence the bible could not fail to lay strong emphasis on a word so vital. it was not necessary for it to say how shall we escape if we trample upon the great salvation, or, doubt, or despise, or reject it. a man who has been poisoned need only neglect the antidote and he will die. it makes no difference whether he dashes it on the ground, or pours it out of the window, or sets it down by his bedside and stares at it all the time he is dying. he will die just the same, whether he destroy it in a passion, or coolly refused to have anything to do with it. and so as a matter of fact probably most deaths, spiritually, are gradual dissolutions of the last class rather than the rash suicides of the first.—drummond. many people have their own god; and he is much what the french may mean when they talk of le bon dieu—very indulgent, rather weak, near at hand when we want anything, but far away out of sight when we have a mind to do wrong. such a god is as much an idol as if he were an image of stone.—hare. the new theory that drunkenness is a disease is already quite generally believed to be true. whether or not it is true or false, there can be no question as to the good results to patients who have undergone treatment for drunkenness as a disease. as results are more valuable than opinions or arguments, it is idle, at present, to do more than seek for results. dr. james e. albee, of no. third avenue, de- troit, has, beyond any question, achieved wonderful triumphs in hu gold cure treatment of alcoholism and other disease generating habits. we speak thus emphatically, because those results in the person of over cured patients are available right here in detroit. there are men and women who are willing and seem to find pleasure in telling their stories of degradation, misery and ultimate release from the bondage of habit. dr. albee, who is medical direc- tor of the international gold cure co. of detroit, is also the discoverer of the treatment used by that company. he made the discovery after varied and extensive experiments upon himself—in fact he studied medicine with a view to discovering a cure for drunkenness, which, he was confident, was a disease, and his experiments covered all phases of habit-disease. that the treatment is reliable and permanent, is being verified daily at dr. albee's office, and all persons seeking relief in that direction are warmly welcomed. dr. albee is not a visionist and not a pretender. he makes no claims he is not able to verify, but he does predict that as his cure comes into more general use, it will do much toward working a revolution in the liquor traffic. snrely and most sincerely we trust his prophecy may prove correct. koch & henne, furniture, carpets, oil cloths and draperies. ordered work and repairing a specialty. undertaking promptly attended to. and s. main st. m. m. sehbolt, city laundry north. fourth avenue. the place to buy pictures, frames, art goods and millinery, and have your photograph made. e. f. mills <te co. four floors filled with * choice merchandise. elevator running feb. st. the one price store. the argus, the cheapest semi=weekly in the state. newsiest paper in the city. try it. o. eberbaoh, shuh & muehlig, hardware. steam and gas fitting, furnaces, mantels and grates. south main street. j. c. clinton, merchant tailor, duffy block, opp. the postoffice. you will find good coal of all kinds at e. b. hall's, w. huron st. stoves and furnaces. and s. main st., and washington st. e. a. clark, m. d., physician (| surgeon. office, hangsterfer block. hours, to a. in., to and to p. m. telephone . heinzmann & laubengayer, w. washington st., elevator foot of washington st. dealers in the choices! brads of flour. also feed, baled hay, wood and straw. jhe ann a^bor baptist. vol. iv. ann arbor, mich., february, . no. . first baptist church, ann arbor, mich. "church directory. rev. a. s. carman, pastor. no. east ann street. deacons. w. f. bird, . m. stark, e. hodge, a. tucker, v. m. spalding, j. mont- gomery. trustees. the deacons, h. n. chute, wm. goodyear, h. b. dodsley. treasurer. wm. goodyear, . main street. assistant treasurer, john dowdlgan. clerk. w h. dorrance, jr., '.' s. ingalls street. sunday school officers. superintendent. j. montgomery; assistant superintendent, a. tucaer: secretary and treasurer, verner snauble; assistant secretary and treasurer. jame bird; librarians, harry montgomery, frank hess, fred. dodsley; chorister, harry hodge; pianist. miss jennie bird. the new heating apparatus. our church edifice is a model of comfort, with its dew heating apparatus, the only difficulty being to moderate the heat sufficiently for mild winter days. bat it is easily controlled, and our church need never again be uncomfortable. may its spiritual effectiveness be as great. an interesting occasion. on sunday, jan. st, we were favored with the presence of the lay members of a committee appoint- ed by the baptist state convention in the interest ot baptist students at state institutions. these gentle- men were: messrs. d. a. waterman, esq., auditor of the michigan central ra'lway, and a. j. fox, esq , both of detroit, and h. b. latourette, esq., of fenton. the committee inspected the work being done for the students by our own and by other churches, and in the evening gave capital addresses expressive of their interest in the work of giving every needful advantage to our students. religious interest. contrary to all expectations we were deprived of the use of our church edifice for three sundays in january, a sore disappointment to our anxiety for special religious work, following the week of prayer. but immediately on the resumption of the services special religious interest began to develop, and a number of cases of inquiry and conversion appeared. by neighborhood prayer meetings and special visita- tion the work was being prosecuted with great encouragement up to the time of the pastor's prostra- tion by illness. the members of our ohurch should see that the results are not lost because of the tem- porary disability of a leader. the pastor's illness. the pastor was at last compelled to succumb to the all-conquering grippe, and has had an unusually severe attack. it is a severe disappointment to him and to the church to have this loss of pastoral activ- ity following the exclusion from our church home for so great a part of last month. pulpit supplies. rev. e. adams, father of prof. h. c. adams, very acceptably filled the pulpit sunday morning, feb. th. in the evening our young people's union oonducted the service, which was of much in- terest. sunday morning, feb. st, prof. j. mont- gomery conducted the service in the interest of our annual offering for foreign missions, and mr. h. p. crego, a member of our church and of the univer- sity, gave a personal account of the reasons which impel him to choose the foreign mission field. the associational b. y. p. u. rally. the baptist young people's union of washtenaw association, met on friday evening, feb. th, with, the large and enthusiastic band of young people of the first baptist church of ypsilanti. nine dele- gates represented our society, all of whom came back with fresh zeal for the new movement. after an in- formal meeting in which stirring reports were given from the various local unions, the address of the evening was delivered by dr. f. l. wilkins of chi- cago, the national secretary. in his inspiring way he told of the formation of the union, its necessity, the need of denominational training and the great field of baptist history. "ask what thou wilt," but, o, remember this,— we ask and have not, for we ask amiss when, weak in faith, we only half believe that what we ask we really shall receive. —w. f. sherwin. god in the affairs of men. simpson elt. "the fool has said in his heart, 'there is no god.'" this is the phi- losophy of atheism in a nutshell. no man ever said in his reason, or intellect, "there is no god." it is born of the heart or the affectional natnre. atheism is heart-disease, and it is most fatal! why do men try to sweep god from the universe? it grows out of the evil desires of the heart. a wick- ed man scans his past life of sin and ungodliness and shudders at the thought that there is a just god pre- siding over the destinies of men. he knows full well that if there is a god there will be a judgment; if there is a judgment, man will be held ac- countable for his deeds; if accounta- ble, he is responsible; if responsible, he will be punished for his sins. now to escape the thought of punishment, he must get rid of responsibility. to rid himself of responsibility, he must ignore accountability. to ignore ac- countability, he must destroy the thought of a judgment. to obliter- ate the thought, of a judgment, he must eliminate god from the uni- verse! do you see? in short, he wishes that there may be no god, and the wish becomes the father to the thought. now i believe i have laid the axe at the root of this atheistic tree. the atheist wants to own allegiance to no power higher than himself. he wants to be a power unto himself. he is restive of all control. he wants to do as he pleases, whether he pleases to do right or not. he is "pussunal liberty" gone to seed. the belief in god is the safety and sweetness of individual life. the believer reposes in the sweet faith that all things work together for his good. it smooths the furrows from the brow, it keeps the deeply written lines of care from the placid face, it soothes his sorrows, heals his wounds, it paints the rainbow of peace over the grave, and it leads him on in the hope of a glorious immortality and an eternal life beyond the tomb. it makes the star of hope to shine through the darkest night. it is the security of national life. "the wicked shall be turned into hell with all the nations that forget god." this lesson tins been indellibly writ- ten in the history of nations past. when andrew jackson lay dying he pointed to the bible and said, "that is the rock upon which this republic is founded." it is true. geo. r. wendling has said, "de- stroy the god idea and you take away the only power by which you can control the masses." that is also true. god is the balance wheel of the nations. without him the ma- chinery will run away with itself. witness the french revolution and the reign of terror. god dethroned, reason enthroned, national prosperity entombed. canton, mo., nov. , ' . gentleness. gentleness of voice. gentleness of hand. gentleness of foot. we all admire it, though we may not have it. the rough mountain bluff, the great scarred headland, loves to look down into the calm lake at its feet; the stormiest winter loves to merge into ,the sunshiny spring, and the most impulsive and precipitate na- ture must be attracted by the gentle- ness of christ. the calmness of his look shamed boisterous gennesaret into placidity. how little of that gentleness you and i have! it is a tendency of out-door life to stroke our dispositions the wrong way. the thunder of the world's scorn sours the milk of human kindness. the treachery, the extortion, the ignoble- ness of mean men take the smooth- ness out of our nature, and we be- come suspicious, and hypercritical, and stuck all over with nettles, and frowns come to the brow, and harsh- ness to the voice, and bluutness to the manners. what an utter and almost universal lack of gentleness! — t. dewitt talmage, in the new york observer. jean iugelow is the latest name mentioned for the laureateship made va^ur,f by tennyson's death. anecdote of garrison. when william lloyd garrison be gan, at the age of twenty, to publisl the free press, he had, of course th usual amount of bad and indifferen poetry to read. all the local poel asters who thought they could mak verse, and would have been far mor worthily employed in making shoes deluged him with their halting con tributions. but one day the paper' drag-net brought up a pearl. thu mr. garrison tells the story: "going up stairs to my office, i ob served a letter lying near the door, opened it and found it contained a original piece of poetry for the fre press. "the ink was very pale, the hand writing very small, and having at tha time a horror of original newspape poetry, my first impulse was to tea it without reading it, since the chance of rejection were as ninety-nine t one. summoning up my resolutior however, i perused it, and was s gratified with it that i gave it a plac in my journal. "as i was anxious to find out th writer, my post-rider one day divulg ed the secret, saying that he ha brought the letter, and that it wa written by a quaker lad named whil tier, who was daily at work with ham mer and lapstone on the shoemaker bemch at east haverhill. "i lost no time in driving to see th youthful bard, who came into tf room with shrinking diffidence, blusl ing like a maiden and almost uuab to speak. i gave him some words t encouragement, but addressed m, self particularly to his parents, urgii them to grant him every possible f cility for the development of his r' markable genius. i "this was the beginning of a lif long friendship, founded on similar? of purpose and principles. — youth. companion. james h. carleton of haverhi mass., has purchased the birtlipla( of whittier and presented it to t city. it {'' christ's miracle of healing. our lord's miracles of healing be- ing signs of his gracious work as the savior from sin, it is comforting to see that they differ so much from those of modern pretenders to mir- aculous pqwer over disease. these show a natural preference for nervous disorders and other troubles easily reached through the influence of mind over body. he takes congenial blind- ness, palsy, and, above all, leprosy, and heals them all. in the east, leprosy .is the last of horrors, —hope- less as consumption or cancer with us, and passing far beyond both in its offense to the senses. as all diseases or physical disorder by natural ana- ogy stands for sin or spiritual disor- der, leprosy symbolized the utter- most power of evil over the human spirit. it was deadly, hopeless, in- fectious. but the lord healed it again amd again, sometimes in single cases, sometimes in groups of lepers, as the symbol of the truth that sin can not get so far as to be beyond his saving power. "he is able to save to the uttermost." so when our con- sciousness of the deadliness and the foulness of sin casts down our hopes let us remember we have a leperclean- sing savior, and that the cleansing of the leper was no harder to him than the cures which seems of less difficulty or moment.—s. s. times. king humbert and wife, of ii whose silver wedding is near at announce that no gifts will be acce ed, but that they will be pleased have the occasion used for gifts charitable institutions. henry m. stanley is at work uj an article on africa and the sli trade, to be published during coming year in one of ourmagazir the article will seek to bring slave trade down to its present stat dr. alexander werkele, the n president of hungary, is a perf giant in breadth and stnture. hf rhore than a head taller than the erage man, and is as erect as indian. he is only forty-four ye old. his father was an overseer the estate of hungary. best grades of hard and soft - coal - % m. staebler's," phone. no. west washington st. go to the lew england to-sprts granite and marble co., third door east of postoffice, ann street, for first class (q) cemetery work. prices reasonable. material the best. workmanship guaranteed. : : : : :: e. v. hangsterfer caterer. for proprietor of hangsterfer ice co. telephone . parties b anquets weddings etc-, k. washington st. does your lamp smoke? ^\ do the wicks crust? does it emit an offensive odor? ■ iuse our red star oil, and it will not do ■ any of these things. dean & co. s. main st. physician. office, p. o. block, cor. ann and main streets. barber shop-hot or cold baths call at the old stand over the postoffice, which has changed hands and has been rewewed througbt. call and see me. and i will guarantee satisfaction respectlfully. jerome freeman. p. s.—ladles' bath booms entirely separate from the barber shop. new and second-hand goods bought and so w. h. dakin, n. main street, ann arbor. stark & gartee painters ^ dsaorator dealers in painters' supplies. east washington street. c. bbbrbach, -»« (zsrisral harvlwars,; stouss an< rurnagss. and s. main and washington sts. vescelius v. commett has opened the green stable onco more, trying to succeed wit livery, feed and sale stable. call and see us. cor. th ave. and washington stn phahmacists ladies' use our specialties. concentrated flavoring extracts. high tost bicarbonate of soda. !) per cent cream of tar place vour subscriptions for daily and weekly papers with f. stoffler, newsdealer, opera house news depot, n. main street. shorthand and typewriting every young lady and gentleman should learn shorthand and \i j j typewriting. any one with only ordinary ability can master the art ^ j' in from four to six months and command a salary of from § to § per month. graduates assisted to good paying positions. write for full particulars to the stenographic institute, - - - ann arbor, mich. . h. s. weaver fashionable /t)illinery i:t kant aim, ann arbor. mlcli all goods kept in stock in their season a. schuh & muehlig, hardware, fltj-^zbis^gr i steam and gas fitting', furnaces, mantels and grates. south main street. j. hflller s. main st- the cheapest weekly in the state newsiest paper in the city. try it. palage bakery ? kant washington street. everything first olass »y 'rogers & marchant. m. m. tuttlr, ® ice cream and confectionery s. state street. ladies' «~o gent - §f~\oes mis e ' »~o children's state street j. r. bowdish & go. south state street. /ill find c /^l- of all kinds at e. b. hall's, - w. huron st. m. m. seabolt. north fourth avenue. the place to buy pictures. frames, prt (joods and (tviiinery have your photograph made. / goodyear & st. james, dry goods &r\£ dotions popular goods at popular prices. south main st. is hard to find, but we manufacture one that cannot in- jure either the teeth or gums. price cents. try it. • calkins' pharmacy. rnn iaqp savings lank, ann arbor.: mich. capital stock, $ , . surplus, $ , . assets, $ , , .; a genera] banking business transacted. exchanges on all .tlio principal cities nought and sold. per gent i,lterf,t ullowil on deposits in the flyings depart- christian mack, pres. w. d. harriivt.an, vice pres. chas. e. hiscock.cashier. m. j. fritz. asst. cashier. the anffflrbor baptist. vol. . ann arbor, michigan, april, . no. first baptist chureh, of ann arbor, michr chukvh kihkctoity. bev. a. s. carman, - - pastor no. east ann street. deacons and trustees. one year—j. montgomery, a. b. stevens. two years—. . b. (lady, p. bnauble. three years—r. c. davis. w. h. beman. trustees. one year—h. b. dodsley. two years—r. hunter. three years—h. n. chute. treasuhbk. wm. goodyear, s. main street. clerk. j. l. marklej-. packard si. treasurer of benevolence. paul snauble, s. division st. sunday school officers. superintendent, j montgomery; assistant super- intendent. h. n. chute; secretary and treas- urer, h. n. chute; chorister. mrs. w. w. beman; pianist, margaret knowlton. a beautiful service. the service on easter sunday morning, april nd, will long be re- membered. it began with the bap- tism of nine young candidates and included a brief sermon, three appro- priate anthems, and the giving of the hand of fellowship to [new members, the lord's supper following. a large congregation was present and the day was one of great joy. tuesday evening, april th, an illustrated lecture will be given at the church by rev. f. a. holtzhausen, on luther, wesley and spurgeon. an admission fee of ten cents will be charged and the whole proceeds will go to the building fund of the baptist church at hancock in the upper pe- ninsula. the annual meeting. on monday evening, april rd, a good attendance gathered for the an- nual meeting. reports were given from the various officers and organi- zations showing a busy and profitable year's work. the election of officers took place and throughout the entire meeting of two hours and a half the utmost harmony prevailed. brethren r. c. davis and w. w. beman were elected trustees and deacons for three years, h. n. chute, trustee for the same period, and a. b. stevens trus- tee and deacon for one year to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of bro. spaulding who goes abroad for all of next year. bro. j. l. markley was elected clerk. the full list of officers may be seen from the direc- tory. the pastor's report. the year has been unusually free from interruption by sickness or oth- erwise. but one death has taken place, that of mrs. nettie walker in canada. services have been held every sunday throughout the year. special religious interest has been manifested at different times, and twenty-three have been baptised. the church list has been pruned of excres- cences, and the list is now in good condition. the pastor has called up- on all of the church families, and up- on all baptist students whose names could be ascertained, and has made many other calls upon the sick, upon religious inquiries, and upon strang- ers. a large amount of work in the state connected with the general work of the denomination has also fallen to him, as usual. the deficit. a deficit of about § is reporl by the treasurer, at the close of year. it has been necessary for t church to enlarge its expenses certain directions and increased si scriptions should be made by c members. a special offering to me the deficit will probably be necessai but a little effort on the part of will easily accomplish the task. clerk's report—membership. additions. by baptism by letter on experience. total,! diminutions. by death by letter and certificate.. by exclusion total, increase reported one year ago present membership, be "having done all, stand.' we shall not be always in the fi but we must be always on the wa and when we have struck every bl and won every victory in our po"!i then we are not invited to sit dowj some cool retreat and rest upon laurels, but "having done all, stad says god. when the old city of pq peii was dug out after having for eighteen centuries buried, a tinel was found still standing at post, his skeleton fingers graspj his sword and his bony feet plats firmly on the pavement. he had t] to run before the black smoke choked him or the black ashes buried him, but having done all stood. faithful unto death, faithful in death. and that is.a mon in effigy for us all. we at\ endure hardness, to stand, thoj blackened with the smoke of detj tion and riddled through and thrdj with ridicule—and having done to stand.—a. j. gordon, d. d. i snowflakes. ut of the bosom of the air, out of the cloud-folds of her garment shaken, ver the woodlands brown and bare, over the harvest-fields forsaken, silent and soft and slow descends the snow. ven as our cloudy fancies take suddenly shape in some divine expres- sion, ven as the troubled heart doth make in the white countenance confession, the troubled sky reveals the grief it feels. his is the poem of the air, slowly in silent syllables recorded; uis is the secret of despair, long in its cloudy bosom hoarded, now whispered and revealed to wood and field. —longfellow. "not a business woman." the spectator's maiden aunt has issed some seventy-five summers in igle blessedness, and yet she thinks e understands the men better be- use her judgment is not blinded by ve. it is a source of amusement to e nieces and nephews of the old r&x to hear her declare that it is the sence of love that has made her «on clear, when as they know by ppy experience that she has a :yally loving nature that enfolds even .'i erring ones. when, however, she ris her critical cap, they deem it ^ . to give earnest heed, just as we > told to pay attention to what is ) d of us by friends or enemies in the at of passion, or that we are to re- ■ -ruber that many a true word is -jken in jest. one of the gravest •usations that this maiden aunt ngs against the sterner sex is that . cctlya woman finds them in the mg and does not acquiesce in all •ir doings she is declared unbusi- •slike, and, if she does not believe t louble-dealing, she has no idea of /iness tact, finance, diplomacy, or '' -itcvor name may happen to be -en to "every man for himself and "i for us all." she bases her ac- ntion largely upon the following > erience. mr. smith, a church-member and a most respectable-looking man, brought for her inspection one day in her younger days a remarkably fine- looking animal as candidate for the im- portant position of family horse. her father was ill in bed, the mother never meddled in such matters, and it devolved upon the eldest daughter to settle upon the buying. the ani- mal was a beauty, and arched his head and pranced in a way to con- quer the most obdurate feminine heart as he walked up and down for inspection. how was she to be sure that all was right? she felt herself helpless indeed. just then the hired man stepped up and whispered in her ear, "miss ruth, that horse will go lame in a few days. ask mr smith to show you his hind feet, and tell him they are tender." mr. smith was just then in the distance leading the horse, the latter prancing and tossing his head in the most approved style. upon his return my aunt re- quested to see the mooted hind feet. they were, of course, raised for her inspection, and, as she surveyed them with an air between that of a horse jockey and a veterinary surgeon, she exclaimed, "why, mr. smith, he's got tender feet!" the would-be sales- man looked at her in breathless as- tonishment for a moment, then ex- claimed, with the most disgusted air imaginable, "why, ruth miller, the trouble with you is you're no business women!"—christian union. home amusements. an ingenious person who is much with children invented a little game for them which she called "the ma- rionettes." this game will call for the help of good-natured elder sisters, perhaps, but, after the children have tried it once or twice under her guid- ance, they can very easily play it themselves. let the sister tell some well-known story, "little red riding hood," "puss in boots," "dick whit- tington," or any other of the dear old tales or fairy stories will do. take the distressing story of "red riding hood," for instance, and let one of the children take the part of the grand- mother, a rollicking, sturdy child should play the wolf, and a third should be little red riding hood herself; then, as the sister slowly tells the story, let each of the children act his part in pantomime, adapting the language, to suit the different dispo- sitions of the children. red riding hood can have a cape or shawl (pre- ferably red) draped around her arm,, after having said good-bye to her anx- ious mother. as the story goes on the wolf should appear, got up as fier- cely as the means at hand will permit and the final catastrophe can be made as terrific as possible. "cinderella" will lend itself to this sort of treat- ment excellently; and, as it affords an opportunity for all the children to take part as guests at the famous ball, will make a most interesting play when there are a number of children to be amused. with a little tact and pa- tience, anyone who has charge of the children can keep them contented and entertained for hours at a time. a child's imagination can invest even the most commonplace things and events with romance and reality. a paper cap and the yard measure will turn the fretful little lad into a proud soldier-boy. an apron fastened on securely will make a fine train for the princess. the fairies can be supplied with wings of newspaper, or a e-carf or veil pinned at the neck and fastened at the wrist. a whellbarrow or box will make the most elegant coach in the young people's eyes. of course, some children are very much easier to amuse than others. the delicate, nervous child has neither the strength nor the inclination to enter into his stronger brothers' sports. 'god our father." this is the last and completest sfinition of god. it is the christian ea of god. if we ask the sages of itiquity who god is, they have no in- lligent answer—only a ruler some- here iu the universe. modern phi- sophy simply replies, he is the pow- • that makes for righteousness, atural science says, he is the first ^eat cause. pantheism answers that od is nature. heathenism points to >ds many. agnosticism has no iswer. the seers of the old testa- ient picture him as an holy king iated upon a throne of justice. but the gospel includes in its an- aev all that can be true in any of lese and also reveals him as a per- inal interest in the humblest man, ) whom all men may come, not only s a creator and law-giver and judge, ut as a father. it reveals god not only to the reason ud the conscience, but to the heart, nd is a picture not only of the char- ctor of god teaching us that god is j us what we are to our children — nly in a larger and fuller sense, as e is greater than we are,—but also avealing the-soul's relation to god one of filial love and affectionate mst. this conception of god was ot born of human philosophy or poe. :y, but is the special revelation made j the world in jesus christ, and out- ide of the gospel is not to be found. the idea of the fatherhood of god bpresents him in the analogy of hu- lan fatherhood as the author of our eing, the supplier of our wants, the efender of our lives, the law-giver ir our souls, our teacher in eternal hings, our refuge in human weak- est, our final home in the soul's [estinies.—dr. smith baker. it is expected that a solid christian endeavor special train will be run roin the pacific coast to the mon- tval convention. three cars will prob- bly go from california and one each rora oregon and washington. the ast must look to her laurels or the /est will outstrip her in endeavor ntornriso. two kinds of sorrow. who that has ever observed care- fully the faces that meet him on the crowded city street, or any .public thoroughfare, lias failed to notice the large proportion of sad, discontented and unhappy faces among the passing throngs. every shade and degree of unhappiness, perplexity, sorrow and distress, can be noted during the shortest walkalong any city thorough- fare. among them, however, will al- ways be found two types of faces that reveal clearly the characters of which they are the indices. they are fnces that are equally marked by lines that indicate deep suffering, and yet they convey to the beholder a totally dif- ferent impression. underneath the deep impress of sorrow one shows patience, serenity, peace, resignation, benignity; the other shows discon- tent, rebellion, envy, often hatred and malevolence. one has an expression that tells of sorrow and suffering pa- tiently borne by a spirit that seeks relief in fleeing to the highest for refuge and strength and consolation; the other tells of sorrow rebelled against, of disappointments that have soured the spirit, of losses that have warped and embittered the nature. the one is the sorrow that leads to god and to life, the other is "the sor- row of the world thatworketh death." theologians and philosophers are equally baffled in their attempted ex- planation of the necessity and uses of sorrow. never this side the veil can mortal expect to be able to "justify the ways of god to man;" but as to the effect of sorrow upon human character there can be no ground for dispute or question. some natures are elevated, purified and en- nobled by sorrow; others are shriv- elled, warped and embittered. in some, sorrow arouses and deepens the sympathies, broadens the charity, and softens and purifies the whole nature. all the graces of the spirit seem to take deep and abiding root in the heart just softened, and as some of the most wonderful and beautiful flowers burst into full bloom only in the night, so do these graces bloom and dispense their fragrance in the darkness of affliction, convincing us that, as in the case of the night bloom- ing plants, some wonderful divine im- pulse is behind these manifestations, the result of some secret communica- tion of the divine power and life. on the other hand it is equally ap- parent that "the sorrow of this world worketh death." all those sorrows that come from the disappointment of worldly ambitions, from inability or unwillingness to exercise self-denial or to submit patiently to the inevita- ble crosses of life, from failure to curb the temper and the tongue, from envy and strife and self-seeking, from crushed vanity and unattainable worldly desires, all these constitute the sorrow of the world. it finds no alleviation in anything that the gos- pel has to offer; it knows nothing of the comfort that the resigned and sub- missive heart receives from the divine comforter. it has none of the sup- porting, inspiring, strengthening ele- ments that the christian heartlone can know. and so we see that\sor- row, according as it is receivedvis either "a saviour of life unto life, o* death unto death."—the interior. ^ "to live for christ is far better than cursing the bonds of railroad, or the stock of a bank, or listeniug to- the hum of the wheels of the mill. a single shake of the telegraph wire may unsettle a man, and make a rainy day for him and a heavy heart. it is well worth while for a man to have before him as a dream a fine country seat, a garden, quietness, a splendid position in the city; but if that is all he has got, what little satisfaction it will be to him when he comes to that time when he will go upstairs and say, 'i am not very well to-day; i guess i won't go to the offce;' and the next day, 'perhaps you had better go for a doctor.' he lies with his face to the wall; and all the great stores he has built, all the great activities that have felt the touch of his fingers, fade out of his eyes, and he thinks of the other shore, and of what treasures he has laid up beyond the stars. i tell you, then, young men, we want something more than the things of the present life. "what a splendid picture that is of mr. gladstone going into the little church and reading the lessons! is he less great because he believes in god and because ho witnesses for his name? "i think the greatest wreck of all in this world is the loss of a young man. when he goes down, the world is poorer than for anything else that could be lost."—john wanamaker. / shorthand f\nd tyfbwritinc every young lady and gentleman should learn shorthand an typewriting. any one with only ordinary ability can master the al in from four to six months and command a salary of from $ to $ld per month. graduates assisted to good paying positions. write f< full particulars to the stenographic institute, - - ann arbor, mick mrs. h. s. weaver millinery opj< ning, march , , . will open with a full line of millinery ladies' toilet articles, ladieai fine muslin underwear. g-ive zmzie gjljljl,. for schuh & muehlig, haedwaee, pltjmbi stg steam and gas fitting', furnaces, mantels and grates. flotjth main street. j. rttller s. maim st ann arbor mich. things musical call upon south main stroot, palagr bakrry t.&ttt washington street. everything first class rogers & marchanl m. m. tuttle, ice cream and confectioner s. state street. ladies' »md gents' ^jf""! o e misses* and childref state street j. r. bowdish & go. south state stret. . - . u a u g a ;i e. b. hall's, - w. huron st. you will fl all ds at m. m. seabolt, north fourth avenue. the place to buy pictures, f-"ame - frt (i°°d and fflillinery and have your photograph made. goodyear & st. james, dry goods arid dotion? popular goods at popular prices south main st. is hard to find, but we manufacture one that cannot in- jure either the teeth or gums. price cente. try it. alkins' phar may. ^ i iiiiiiuiiwii iwiiiiwiw ann arbor s^v^qs banl,' ann arbor. mich. capital stock, $ , . urplus, $ ,oti assets, $ ,cco, . a general banking business transacted. exchanges on all the prin<kj cities bought and sold. per cent intt*rest's allowed on deposits in the savliij.;s dcu christian mack. pres. w. o. harriman, vice pr'■ chas.e. hiscock, cashier. m. j. fritz. asst. cash: — the passion for perfection. "the love of the world." beauty out of ugliness. ihe essential of philistinism is self- sfaction—the belief that one has best there is, and that he has all he b(ls. this is a faith held by muny eellent people, who are, nevertheless emies of the light, of progress, and, a way, of truth; who above all, fail achieve the highest and noblest ds. for the mood of progress is the )od of discontent, of feeling that one not what he ought to be, that one s not the best to be had, and that of e excellent things which he does ■ssess he does not possess enough. ie satisfied man is always an infer- r man. the superior man i always ^satisfied; his goal and his achieve- ents are before him. no matter lat they may have been in the past, >r how greatly the world may have >pored him, his real life always lies advance. the passion for perfec- >n is the sign of the noblest kind of aracter, and it is this possession bich breeds what has been called liviue discontent." it _is not rest- ssness nor rebellion, but the feeling jit ono must always be doing and *ing better. this is the feeling of ;e great artists; no achievement tisfies. there is always the intense ;sire to do something still better; id it is this desire and the steady jalization of it, rather thau any r«c- »nition or reward, which gives life s zest and its interest. after shake- wire has written his thirty-four lays, he is still unsatisfied, because ? feels that he has but inadequately [pressed his thought, and that there •e depths in his nature which he has it sounded, as there are depths into hich his plummet has sunk but a ttle way. the man is greater than is work, and the passion for perfec- on stamps his work, supreme as it , with an element of inadequacy, i) great artist was ever yet satisfied ith what he had done. if he were itisfiod he would not bo a great artist, t is the dissatisfaction which indi- ates the presence of the larger —christian union. there lies on our table, from the century company, a little book with the above title, which is so naively spiritual, so charmingly unconven- tional, so delightfully audacious, that we should like to lay it on the tfibles of all our readers as a new year's gift. love not the world, neither the things that are in the world! why not? all that is in the world is not of the father! why not? rather, says our author, love the world and the things that are in the world; love the world of nature — earth and sky and sea, gardens and flowers and fruit; love the world of man, his thoughts, his feelings, his "books, his music, his amusements; and love them more and more. the glory of the world passeth away! truly. but the dandelions are not less beautiful, nor less to be anticipated before they come, nor less to be enjoyed while they are here, be- cause they remain so short a while. this world is a good world, and a beautiful world, goodin youth, better in old age; good in joy, better in sor- row; good in solitude, better in society, and best of all to him who sees god in this world, bringing good out of evil and making the world his own. not to flee from the world, not to live discontentedly in the world, not to shut one's eyes to the glory and one's heart to the joy of the world, not to think that this is the devil's world, but to know that it is god's world, and the beauty is god's and the joy is god's and the life is god's; and through the joy and the beauty and the life to see god, and draw nearer to god, and prepare others to see him and draw nearer to him, and so pre- pare one's self and others for a still greater beauty and still deeper joy in that which the infinate love has in store for us: this message, borrowed from this little book, we repeat as our new year's homily to our readers.— christian union. a lady, who in her girlhood was discouraged by her lack of beauty, but lived to become a leader of soci- ety, with a host of sincere and loving friends, told the following story of the incident which give her hope and inspired her to usefulness: "if i have been able to accomplish anything in life, it is due to the words spoken to me in the right season, when i was a child, by an old'teacher. i was the only homely, awkward girl in a class of exceptionally pretty ones, and, being also dull at my books, became hte butt of the school. i fell into a morose, despairing state, gave up study, withdrew into myself, and grew daily more bitter and vindictive. one day the french teacher, a gray haired old women, with keen eyes and a kind smile, found me crying. "what is the matter, my child?" she asked. 'oh, madame i am ugly!' i sobbed out. she soothed me but did not contradict me. presently, she took me to her room, and after amusing me for some time, said, 'i have a present for you,' handing me a scaly, coarse lump covered with earth. 'it is round and brown as you. 'ugly,' did you say? very well. we will i call it by your name, then. it is you! now, you shall plant it, and water it, and give it sun for a week or two.' i planted it and watched it carefully; the green leaves came first, and at las^ the golden japanese lily, the first i had even seen. madame came to share my delight. 'ah,' she said, significantly, who would believe so much beauty and fragrance were shut up in that little, rough, ugly thing? but it took heart when it came into the sun.' it was the first time that it ever occurred to me, that in spite of my ugly face, i, too, might be able to win friends, and to make myself be- loved in the world."—the christian herald. :i rrntsghlblr photographer corner main and huron sts 'blake sells the b»st picture frames iu *> the city for the least money. w. huron st. j. a. polhemus jivery hack and hale stable ra'.ea reaa<>! able. we \ ake a special effort to p ease. give me a call. il'orth of post office. mcture frames made to order. furniture beparled and rennisbed p: w. g. dieterle dealer in fine and low-priced furniture, parlor suits, bedroom suits, easy chairs. n . special attention given to undertaking. j« . main street, ... ann arbor, michigan. •" est grades of hard and soft - coal - m. staebler's, i'hone. no. . west washington st. o to the '-k england wjflnto tee anil marble co. j third door east of postoffice, ann street, for first class ( cemetery work. prices reasonable. material the best. ' workmanship guaranteed. p. v. hangsterfer caterer. »i - a ■ v-roprietorof hangsterfer ice co. telephone . parties b anquets weddings etc-, k. washington *»*-. does your lamp smoke? do the wicks crust? f does it emit an offensive odor? ■ iuse our red star oil, and it will not do h any of these things. sean & co. s. main st. .'■i dean m, vyler, central plan r mill manufacturer;rtid dealer in sash. doors, blinds and mouldings. detroit street. ann arbor, mich. s! jr. dlzhrk! m. d., physician and surgeon, office. hangsterff.r block. telephone . hours.!) to a. in., to and to p m. first-class done at home, or will go out by the day. ella stark, n. div. st. • . \ physigian. "office, p. o. b >ck, cor. ann and main strests. john baumgartner \ successor to eisele's marble and gran tw works. '-.imported and american granites, marble monuments and all kinds of • cemetery work. estimates cheerfully furnished. ,.lhop cor detroit and catherine sts. f" place your .subscriptions for da ly and weekly papers with stoffleu, newsdealer, opera ilouse news depot, n. main street. new and second-hand goods bought and sold w. h. dakin, n. main street, ann arbor. stark & gartee painters ^ d@aorar.ors dealers in painters* supplies. east washi gt<>n street. c. bbbrbach, (zsn^ral hardware, stouss and rurnagss. and s. main and washington sts. vescelius & commett has opened the green stable once more, trying to succeed with a livery, feed and sale stable. call and see us. cor. th ave. and washington street pharmacists ladies' use our specialties. concentrated flavoring extracts high test bicarbonate of soda. !) per cent cream of tartar. cousins & hall growers of fill kinds of house and bedding plants. cut flowers and floral designs a specialty. all orders by mail or telegraph will receive prompt attention telephone connections, - ann arror. mice j things musical ll upon soutli main street, palage bakery eawt washington street. everything first class ^ "roger & marchant m. m. tuttle, ® ice cream and confectionery s. state street. b * >mo gents' ^ <f~l^)e^} misses' .no children' state steeet r. bowdish & go- south state stret. goodyear & st. james, ry goods aq^ dotions popular goods at popular prices south main st. the bristles won't iome out of our tooth brushes. if they do we will replace the brush. calkins pharmacy. schuh & muehli steam and gas fitting, furnaces, mantels and grates| south main street. j. halle s. mais you will find of all kinds at goal e. b. hall's, - w. huron st. m. m. seabolt, north fourth avenue. randall's the place to buy pictures, frames, prt qoods and (t\i!lir;ery and to have your photograph made. >hortttf\nd f\nd typewriting every young lady and gentleman should learn shorthand and typewriting. any one with only ordinary ability can master the art in from four to six months and command a salary of from $ to §( per month. graduates assisted to good paying positions. write for full particulars to he stenographic institute, ann arbor, mich lost. . may mount, of new orleans, rmed a keeley help club which isting the sympathy of many nent people in that city. among irkers we notice the name of e. l. saxon, who at a recent lg recited the following beauti- ginal poem which describes an nt in her young motherhood, while sitting with her baby in ms an aged man tottered and side her gate:— lost. ) the world, and its old sweet ways in its wilds of woe and sin; sef ul thoughts of his sober days, s drowned in the revel's din. ield and pity! none else can save poor lost wretch from a drunkard's ;rave. s: he is drunk; but i pity him so, he is friendless, and poor, and old; warm; the rain will not chill, i mow- re the same if freezing cold. a lying prone and helpless there, beating rain on his long, thin hair. it his foul and bloated lips, is hands—so shameful and sad to ee— t the little white foot on my knee; iw that a mother, tender and true, i the lost one's life when a baby, oo. :ers twine in my darling's hair, e the summer rain falls soft and till; it the poor old wanderer there, weep, despite my will; i for the mother who bared her ■reast, ii that form to its childish rest. the ringers were as tender as mine toyed, like mine, with his golden air, was golden, i see the shine faded splendor there, lere is the hand and dear white reaet, soothed him once to his infant st? ttle eyes, so blue and deep, ittie hands, so plump and fair— e close the one to a dreamless leep, 'old the others, where *ver shall move on earth again; see them with such shameful stain. a of earth, when we rear our sons such loving and tender pride, tie we know where their feet will ray. i paths of the world so wide! nerciful hand that holds a screen t the baby days and life's closing one. the sun of the years. the art of making friends, like the art of making money, is a common gift distributed by the fairies with liberality to the children of men. but the art of keeping friends, like the art of keeping money, is a very rare gift. to keep friends is a fine art. to be able to hold the ideal while perceiving the humanity of a friend; to be patient with the mistakes of to-d«y because of the wisdom of yesterday, which forecasts wisdom for to-morrow; to tolerate moods; to sink one's very love out of eight for a moment rather than have it shocked or disturbed by sur- face conditions, requires rare self-con- trol. yet the one who possesses the art of keeping friends does all this. the cause of the severance of friend- ship is sometimes so superficial as to be childish. the action of the mo- ment often obliterates, even when it contradicts, the knowledge of years. impatience and selfishness are respon- sible for much of the loss of happiness that necessarily results were friendly relations have been disturbed. too often there is a surface appear- ance of intimacy, where a foundation is lacking to justify this appearance. words of endearment are too often counterfeit coins. a nature of integ- rity is very apt to lose faith when once confidence has been shaken, and the result is that from observing de- ceitful attitudes in the circle about him, one begins to doubt the integrity of those whom he holds dear. friendship is a dear and precious gift—the one that most ministers to life; without it life is barren. two conditions are necessary for its pre- servation—truth and faith. very of- ten a little forbearance would preserve that which is often held too lightly. said a wise woman one morning, dis- cussing the cloud no larger than a man's hand that had arisen between herself and her friend, "i tell you the trouble is that the doing of one wrong thing often wipes out the record of the ninety-and-nine right ones. that is the difference between god and man. what we should do is, not to draw our conclusions from the one act, but from the knowledge of years. that would not only be righteous but natural." it is not the sudden freak of nature that scientists accept as nat- ural ; they draw their conclusions from governing jaws; and so it is with hu- man beings—all move in obtdience to the law of their being, and that which arouses the antagonism of the moment is not the result of those laws, but the result of a sudden disturbance which a little patience would enable us to understand and often forget.— christian union. men long for riches as they long for food. they crave love, they crave fame, they crave power, they crave knowledge, they crave silver and gold; and they live and die with their cravings unsatisfied. many a man who lias given his life to the pursuit of material wealth has died in want. this is the story of the alchemists of old, who devoted themselves to a search for the secret of turning all things to gold. there was one gab- riel plattes, for example, who gave long years to this study, and wrote a book on the subjeet, more than two centuries ago. he told how he had at last succeeded in making pure gold; but before he could avail himself of his discovery, he "dropped down dead in the london streets for want of food." there is a longing that shall be satisfied, but it is not for gold. "blessed are they that hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled."-s. s. times. church sickness must be consider- ed as one of the religious diseases of our time. it means that a large number of people have ecclesiapho- bia. the bitterness which marks the alienation from our churches may be seen in the expressions of scornful criticism and reproach indulged in by socialistic and labor reform lead- ers. such sentiments are pretty sure to secure a full measure of applause. and this simply means that the church is not fulfilling its duties to- ward that class of society in which it first originated. equally manifest is the indifference about church-going in a different straum of society. locomoter ataxia takes possession on sunday of men whose legs are perfectly usable every other day in the week. indeed, on sundays they are available for a picnic, but will not walk toward church. we see no cure for it all except a new revival in the church itself—an attempt, with t urning conviction, to proclaim to the world that christianity relates to the life that now is, that it is vital and essential to the redemption of human society. the church need stand none the less for the great eternal things it has stood for; but there are eternal things this side of the grave as well as on the other, and justice, righteousness, and love are some of them.-christian register. rrntsghlrr photographer oojtner main and huron st . m. w. blake sells the best picture frames in the city for the least money. w. hun st. j. a. polhemus livery hack and sale stable rates reasonable. we make a special effort to p'ease. give me a call. north of post office. picture frames made to order. furniture repaired and refinlsbed w. g. dieteble dealer in fine and low-priced furniture, parlor suits, bedroom suits, easy chairs special attention given to undertaking. s. main street, - - - ann aebok, michigan. best grades of hard and soft - coal - g m. staebler"s.- phone. no. . west washington st. 'hakmagists ladies' use our specialties. concentrated flavoring extracts. high tent bicarbonate of soda. !) per cent cream of tartar. e. v. hangsterfer caterer. parties banquets weddings etc-, e. washington st. for proprietor of hangsterfer ce co. telephone , does your lamp smoke? f\ do the wicks crust? v does it emit an offensive odor? f ■ use our red star oil, § and it will not do ■ any of these things. dean & co. s. main st. offi p. o. physician. k, cor. ann and main streets. john baumgartner successor to eisele's marble and granitb works. imported and american granites, marble monuments and all kinds of cemetery work. estimates cheerfully furnished. shop cot detroit and catherine sts. g&rtral- planing mill manufacturer and dealer in sash, doors, blinds and mouldings. detroit street, ann arbor. mich. r. dllhrk, m. d., physician and surgeon, office, hangsterfer block. telephone . hours. to a. m., to and to p.m. subscribe for wh& .hdd hrror rsgis?sr ^he people's baoer, only . per year. stark & gartee painters dsaorators dealers in painters' supplies. east washington street. c. bbbrbach, ■>n general hardware, » stoiiss an< rurnagss. and s. main and washington sts. the register publishing co., fids pridvidg, liow pridss sdtirs shvisrhotiod. office cor. huron and th ave' . cousins & hall growers of all kinds of house and bedding plants. cut flowers and floral designs a specialty. all orders by mail or telegraph will receive prompt attention telephone connections, - ann ardor, mich ann arbor/mich. capital stock, $ , . surplus, $ , . assets, $ , , . a general banking business transacted. exchanges on all the prindptj cities bought and sold. per gent t"feres,; *** allowed on i>opo it in the savings dep* *- chrstian mack. pres. w. d. harriman, vice chas.e. hiscock.cashibr. m. j. fritz. asst. the master's voice. the waves were weary, and they went to sleep, the winds were hushed, the starlight hushed — the furrowed face of all the mighty deep. 'the billows, yester eve so dark and wild, wave strangely now— a calm upon their brow— like that which rests upon a cradled child. ) the sky was bright, and every single star, . with gleaming face, was in its place, x\.nd looked upon the sea—so fair and far. j and all was still—still as a temple dim— when low and faint, as mourner's plaint, died the last note of vesper hymn. >i -a bark slept on the sea, and in the bark :t slept mary's son— the only one— whose face is light where all, all else is dark. i his brow was heavenward turned, his face was fair, he dreamed of me. ~ on that still sea— {the stars he made gleamed through his hair. and lo! a moan moved o'er the mighty deep. ; the sky grew- dark! the little bark "felt all the waves awaking from their _ sleep. "••e winds wailed wild, and wilder billows - beat; the bark was tossed: shall all be lost? but mary's son slept on, serene and di sweet. che tempest raged in all its mighty wrath, — the winds howled on, "* all hope seemed gone, _j vnd dnrker waves surged round the bark's lone path. y\m sleeper woke! he gazed upon the deep— ,n he whispered: "peace! l , \ winds—wild waves, cease! je still!" the tempest fled—the ocean — f*(l asleep. \ —vonahoe's magazine. the magic of a face. one is sometimes tempted to be- lieve that personal beauty must be the one supreme blessiug, so many are the nostrums advertised, so al- luring and numerous are invitations to try this, that, or the other infalli- ble preparation warranted to restore a faded complexion, to remove facial blemishes, or to defy time's effacing fiugers. "beauty is its own excuse for being," but does the desire to possess beauty excuse these specific modes of obtaining it? and is it really obtainable by any such devices? the longing for outward loveliness must be innate, for at every period of the world means have been sought to make or mar the visage in accordance with crude or artistic ideas of at- tractiveness. in that cruel interview where my lord hamlet uses harshest words to the artless ophelia, he says: "i have heard of your paintings too, well enough. god has given you one face, and you make yourselves an- other." a gentle quakeress, guile- less of plagiarism, once modified this accusation in a way that robbed it of all malice and made it a wise and helpful thought. to a young niece who was bewailing her own lack of beauty she said, tenderly, "the good lord gave thee plain features, but he left it to thee to make thine own ex- pression." the girl took her lesson and learned it thoroughly, and now that the graces of her amiable char- acter illumine her face, none ever think of it as plain. her great wealth —and riches too often serve as a cloak for unloveliness of mind or person— is entirely lost sight of in the afflu- ence of noble womanly qualities, while her cultivated intellect and affection- ate disposition give to her face that charm which is lacking in features. faultily faultless, icily regular, splen- didly dull." bishop levering, when asked how t came about that the moravians were i o noted for their seif-denial and ac- n-ity in missions, replied, "when . ga converts join the church, we try 'j get them to realize that they are ., .uing a great missionary society." —missionary review. ... the scottish mission to lepers in ndia is extending the work to china ■find japan, and changes its title ac- —ordingly to mission to lepers in in- ia and the east. several medical lissionaries, some of whom have een doing general medical mission- xnry work for some time, are now to 'ork directly for lepers under the section of this society. hindoos show their piety in build- ing hospitals for mosquitos, snakes and scorpions, but allow their wives and mothers to die a dog's death when attacked by disease, rather than ex- pose them to the touch or even the gaze of a physician. — missionary review. sickening accounts come of deso- lating slave-raiding in the region lying to the north of lake nyassa. arabs are the accursed actors, and their plan is to surround a village by night, place a warrior at each door, order the inmates out, spear the men and boys, and capture the women. of the latter, were taken in a sin- gle village.—missionary review. the golden rule tells of a society of christian endeavor among the police of new york city. its mem- bership at present is about twenty- five, fifteen of the number being ac- tive members. one of the ablest native preachers in the foochow conference, though offered $ a month to enter the con- sular service, refused, preferring to continue preaching with but a month.—missionary review. a proposition is being agitated to celebrate the nineteen hundredth year of the birth of christ by an in- ternational congress at jerusalem. the pope is to be asked for his co- operation in enlisting influential mem- bers of his church. russia seems determined to quench the light of the gospel. the new law for the suppression of stundists pro- vides that their children be baptized in the greek church, and be placed under orthodox clerical guardians. the graves of stundists are to be kept apart from the orthodox, and the passports of these christians are to be so marked as to show the sect to which they belong. the third decennial conference in india, which closed the old year and opened the new, opened in bombay december th, last. between six and seven hundred missionaries, rep- resenting more than thirty societies, were present they were from the borders of thibet, the wilds of brit- ish bhutan, from the jungles of san- thalia, berars, sauthern, central, and northern incia. — missionary re- view. speaking of education in india, rev. james johnston says in the mis- sionary review, that among the ,- , men of that country, only one in nine can read and write, and of the , , women, barely . the census gives , natives who can read and write in english. for the training of the young, the public and private institutions number , , and the pupils, , , . as a result of the russian perse- cutions of the jews, it is reported that , of them have joined the greek church, and are kept apart from their former co-religionists, lest they apostatize. the missionary re- view speaks of a moscow merchant who has become godfather to such converts. he proposed to remember in his will every one who should cer- tify to having received the sacrament once a year, and only two have thus far reported themselves. j j- the commercial and stenographk institute of ann arbor, - - michigan, is as thoroughly equipped as any school in tl west for giving- complete courses in all commerci branches, shorthand and typewriting. attend this school and you will get all you ps for. there is no better place in the country to attef school than at this great educational center. tuition rates reasonable. living expenses kn write for large circulars containing full particular commercial and stenographic institut ann arbor, michigan. tired mothers. a little fellow leans upon your knee, your tired knee that has so much to bear; \ child's dear eyes are looking lovingly from underneath a thatch of tangled hair. ['erhaps you do not heed (he velvet toucli of warm, moist fingers holding yours so tight; v'ou do not prize this blessing over much; you are always too tired to pray tonight. jut it is blessedness. a year ago i did not see it as i do today. kve are so dull and thankless, and too slow to catch the sunshine till it slips away. vnd now it seems surpassing strange to me that while i wore the badge of mother- hood, did not kiss more oft and tenderly i the little child that brought me only i good. ;\.nd if. some night when you sit down to rest, . you miss this elbow from your tired knee, f his restless, curling head from off your breast, this lisping tongue that chatters con- stantly; "f from your own the dimpled hands have slipped, and ne"er will nestle in your palm again; z the white feet into the grave have _ tripped, ; i could not blame you for your heart- ache then. svonder that mothers ever fret _ at their children clinging at their gown, r that the footprints, when the days are wet. are ever black enough to make them frown. i could find a little muddy boot, 'or cap or jacket on my chamber floor; d i could kiss a rosy, restless foot, and hear it patter in my house once _ more; ^ i could mend a broken cart today, to-morrow make a kite—to reach the "*. aky- lere is no woman in god's world could ] say <he was more blissfully content than i. ah! the dainty pillow next my own js\iever rumpled by a shining head; "v suuging birtlling from its nest is tlown, •theifittle boy i used to kiss is deadl —nellie burns, in western plowman. scintillations of science. i(p*k>me weeds produce a surprising rinbev of seeds. a single plant of \.rslane has been known to produce ^ , the thistle , , and the jl jtain , seeds in a single sea- • one of the lost arts has been re- . .rered in the nature of a cosmetic flich was used by the egyptian — ncesses and ladies of rank nearly years ago. it brightens the , > , imparting to the iris a golden sen. the stuff was found on the doe of a princess mummy and ana- •• ed. pine oil and pine cones are now be- ing imported from norway to be sold as disinfectants against a possible cholera scare this summer. the cone is placed in the mouth of a sort of lamp, and the latter contains the oil. a wick communicates with the cone, and this is sufficiently porous to per- mit the odor of the oil to escape. pine oil is much used in italy as a disinfectant in cases of roman fever. its penetrating odor is unpleasant to most persons, though some learn to like it. during the last few years prof. barnard of the lick observatory has been engaged in photographing in de- tail the milky way. when the plates are finished, which will not be for three years, it is expected that the facts revealed by them will revolu- tionize the old conceptions of this re- markable phenomenon. the text books declare that the milky way probably contains , , suns; but prof. barnard estimates that the camera will record the presence of at least , , , with the certainty that there must be a still larger num- ber which are not visible. christ's friendships. christ had tender human friend- ships. he loved that little home at bethany. christ was not opposed to common sense. he was the soul of it; he did not make wild and fruitless charges upon society; he did not throw himself at the face of the hier- archy , he fell in with existing insti- tutions. he was no stoic; he loved the joys and felt the ills of life . he was no suicide ; he did not exhaust his' strength fruitlessly, nor give him- self up to martydom till he knew his time had come . he was a whole man, walking in all the breadth of human life, and the glory of his life was this: that wdierever he went, whether at the synagogue, or at a wedding, or dinner, or fishing party, or a storm at sea, or at the custom-house steps, he there upheld, with a glorious decision and dignity and grace, god's own humanity — the genuine, heavenly thing, as it is where it is rooted in god, pure as a lily, and strong as a cedar of lebanon . and wherever across the pathway of this divine manhood there stood up to oppose its influence any worldly sham, and dev- il's lie, any beguiling temptation, any form of false humanity, he accepted the gage of battle at once, with all its consequences. he showed his colors and pointed both by words and deeds to the god who was overhead. for the love of god and humanity he bore his cross and that is what we are to do. o, it is not the world that we are to have! christ did not hate the world. god does not. how could he when he gave his son for it? no! it is the world, in false relations, stand- ing in its own light. it is not earthly pleasure, but earthly pleasure di- vorced from heavenly good ; it is the creature usurping the place of the creator, turned into a shadow instead of a divine token.— rev. j. h. deni- son, d. d. the intelligence which comes to us from turkey indicates that the intol- erable oppression of christians by the turkish authorities continues to grow more severe. our readers recall the imprisonment of g. n. shishmanian, as well as others who are of our own brethren. this seems to be only a part of a general purpose to perse- cute the armenian race and at the same time to assail the mission schools which have been established among them. last spring there were riots, mission buiidings were burned, armenians were assaulted and driven from their homes. the turks have been compelled by our government to indemnify the missionaries for the buildings burned, but there seems to be no relief for the poor armenians who are only citizens of turkey. at marsovan and csesarea in asia minor, on the most trivial charges, and on fictitious testimony, seventeen persons have been condemned to death, six to fifteen years' imprisonment, eighteen totermsof imprisonmentvarying from seven to ten years, and fifteen acquit- ted. among those condemed to death are the two professors, thoumayan and kayayian, of anatolia college; and one of the six condemned to the longest term of imprisonment is the pastor of the protestant church at gemerek, not far from csesarea. this is serious business. those who know the men declare their faith in them, and deny absolutely that they have been in any way guilty. the papers on which the prosecution relied are affirmed by the prisoners to be abso- lute forgeries, and those acquainted with turkish courts of justice know perfectly well what a farc° they are in any case where moslem is pitted against christian. there seems to be no way of relief, unless the turkish government is intimidated by the vig- orous protests of the foreign powers. some one, whose identity isa.secret, has made rev. fr. h. a. adams, of the church of the redeemer in v new york, the recipient of a life incohie of $ , a year. - forgiveness. austria and turkey were fighting, and the chances of war for a time fa- vored the turks. an austrian gen- eral of high rank fell into the hands of the turkish leader. he was closely confined, treated with gross indignity, and even subjected to torture. one dark night the turkish stronghold was surprised by the austrians, and in a few hours the turkish leader found himself in the same dungeon in which he had so cruelly confined the austrian general. in the morning the heavy tramp of the guard was heard by the turk. his thought was, "i am to be led out to execution." he hastily drank a few drops of poison which he had concealed upon his person. the door swung open, and his jailer told the bewildered prisoner that he was free. "too late! too late! " exclaimed the turkish leader. i die, but i die a christian, not a mussulman. i never knew what forgiveness meant before." it is every christian's duty to show the world that christ's teachings rule our lives, and that we are ready to forgive even as we have been forgiven. to be remembered in the house. it is better to be silent than to say unwise or unkind things. do not boast of birth, wealth, in- fluential frieuds or bodily prowess. remember that a servant is a man or woman, and will appreciate treat- ment as such. a compliment, to be appreciated by any sensible person, must be prompted by sincerity. never urge another to do anything against his desire, unless there is danger before him. never enter an appartment occu- pied by another person, except the common rooms of a dwelling, without knocking. do not constantly refer to expe- riences or honorable positions which may have been enjoyed. always give preference to elders, visitors, those of superior position, and those who are weak or ill. do not forget a kind word to each member of the family on parting at night, or a pleasaut greeting on meet- ing in the morning. donot deprecate the gift which you give nor laud immoderately that which is received. in each case it is the sentiment which prompts the of- fering that is vastly more precious than what ib offered. a comprehensive, tiny volume. a complete translation of dante's "divine comedy" was exhibited at the paris exhibition of , the vol- ume being so tiny that it measured less than half an inch square. it comprised , verses and was con- tained in pages. signing with the cross. signing with the cross was first practiced by christians to distinguish themselves from the pagans. in an- cient times kings and nobles used the sign of the cross, whether they could write or not, as a symbol that the per- son making it pledged himself by his christian faith to the truth of the matter to which he affixed it.—de- troit free press. christ is risen! faith is our foun- dation, hope is our anchor, death our harbor, christ our pilot, and heaven our home—and we are safe.—bishop taylor. "it is my deep conviction, and i say it again and again, that if the church of christ were what she ought to be, twenty years would not pass till the story of the cross should be uttered in the ears of every living man."—dying words of simon h. calhoun. mission work in north africa is rapidly increasing. eleven years ago there were no protestant missions there. the north africa mission now has seventy-six missionaries, mostly women, scattered from the atlantic to the borders of asia. in algeria, however, the french government has shown decided opposition to the evangelical work, by serving a notice on the missionaries to leave that country. the effort seems to be di- rected against both swedish and english missionaries. while the completion of the congo railway is looked forward to with the deepest interest by the missionaries of that region, as an aid to transpor- tation of men and supplies, they feel the greatest apprehension as to the result upon the liquor traffic. on the line as far as built, the ravages of fire water are described as already fear- ful. "it does sometimes seem so hopeless to work amoug a people like this!" exclaims a writer in regions beyond; and he adds that the na- tives about him are completely de- based and besotted by drink. it is ouly because "all things are possible with god" that he has courage. the close relation existing betwei cleanliness and godliness appea afresh up in alaska, where in t| schools "pencils, papers, pictun hardbread, combs and soap have bei given as prizes for punctuality ai diligence."—missionary review. "we are a hundred years behii the opportunity that god has ma for us in india. if we should douk our missionary force in india to-mc row, we would not be able to gath the ripe fruit that is waiting for there."—dr. g. f. pentecost. the wife of rev. j. g. paton, t missionary to the new hebrides, on wrote home that the wonderful trari figuration of a new hebridean sa age, even in the expression of : face, after he has become a chnstii is worth laboring a lifetime to w ness—selected. a buddist priest in japan, coi paring his faith with christian^ emphasizes the peculiar strength the latter in the words: "the pe sonality of christ is the magnei power of christianity." it would well for every christian preacher keep this ever in mind.—oospel all lands. "i will place no value on anythii i have or may possess, except in i lation to the kingdom of christ, anything i have will advance the i terests of that kingdom, it shall given or kept, as by keeping or gi ing it i shall most promote the glo: of him to whom i owe all my hopt both for time and eternity. m grace be given me to adhere to this —early resolve of david livin stone. it was the saying of voltaire th christianity would not survive t nineteenth century. but what h the nineteenth ce*.tury not done f christianity? it has sent the gosj: anew into all the world. it has gat ered in the islands of the south ai shaken the mighty pagan faiths india, china and japan! it h stirred up its missionaries from t far west to preach the old faith egypt and in palestine, and whe the disciples first received the chr tian name! it has devoted its noble children to face death for christ the depths of africa, which voltai never heard of, and has even e. ployed the press in ferney that h printed his own works—and it m be this very prophesy—against t the gospel, to publish in new tongi the oracles of god.—dr. cairns, i g&ctrali planing mill manufacturer ami dealer in sash, doors, blinds and mouldings. detroit street. ann arbor, mich. s. r. dllhrk, m. d., physician and surgeon, office, hangsterfer block. telephone . hours,!! to a. m., to and to p.m. subscribe for thg hdd hri r rsgisvsr ^he pesole's baoer, only $ . per year. stark & gartee painters ^ d@aorar.ors dealers in painters' supplies. east washington street. c. bbbrbach, ^ (zsnsral hardware, *- stoiiss and fnrnacgs. and s. main and washington sts. the register publishing co., rids pr dvidg, iaow prk s @dtir@ sotisfh mod. j office cor. huron and th ave's. i cousins & hall | growers of all kinds of i ihouse and bedding plants. cut flowers and floral designs a specialty. all orders by mail or telegraph will receive prompt attention \ telephone connections, - ann arbor, mioh ann arbor. mich. capital stock, $ , . surplus, $ , . * assets, $ , , . \ general banking business transacted. exchanges on all the principal cities bought and sold. ^ per gent 'nterest's a"oweu on deposits in the savings depart- ut »n mack. prcs. w. d. harriman. vice phej ":k.cashier. m. j. fritz. asst. cas^ia hrntsghler photographer corner main and huron sts. m. w. blake sells the best picture frames in the city for the least money. w. huron st. j. a. polhrmus livery hack and sale steele rates reasonable. we make a special effort to please. give me a call. north of post office. picture frames made to order. furniture repaired and reflnished w. g. dieteiile dealer in fine and low-priced furniture, parlor suits, bedroom suits, easy chairs special attention given to undertaking. s. main street, - - - ann akbok, michigan. best grades of hard and soft - coal - » m. staebler's,' «- phone. no. . \ west washington st. pharmacists ladies' use our specialties. concentrated flavoring extracts. high test bicarbonate of soda. per cent cream of tartar. e. v. hangsterfer ^ parties caterer. banquets weddings etc-, k. wa»liii>kton st. for proprietor of hangsterfer ce co. telephone . does your lamp smoke? f% do the wicks crust? j does it emit an offensive odor? ff | use our red star oil, | and it will not do ■ any of these things. dean & co. s. main st. doari m, vylsr, physician. office, p. o. block, cor. ann and main str john baumgartner successor to elselo's marble and granite works. imported and american granites, marble monuments and all klndsot cemetery work. estimates cheerfully furnished. shop cor. detroit and catherine sts. x university of michigan loiillidnihulll \ arh, eid win ſº iiie | | ſ sºmmiſm; = hºſ. imºtºwtttttttttt - - : º e hid lillº - - ------- - º ºn tº º _ tiii -- tulla the gift of mrs. albert stanley --- | | | | | | | iiiilliulliluliullmullunullinulliluliulliluliullilullilullilill ann arbor tales -------------- ■**…………--•---- --~ ±***aeae→→→→→→→→→-----============--- *-*** º/ n a. - * -- $ -ºº: - º *w-w sºs. - - º > l -- º ----- -* * - -- *:: -- - º º:: * * , lºº º - - * º: º - copyright, , by george w. jacobs & co. published movember, . —ſº ſº º, alcáz • ? stz. c. ºf *-ſ - / ( & cº. eº. to m parents contents the making of a man the kidnapping the champions the case of catherwood the door—a nocturne . a modern mercury . the day of the game the old professor pace i i i o - the making of a man the making of a man florence affected low candle-lights, glowing through softly tinted shades, of pale-green, blue, old-rose, pink; for such low lights set each coiled tress of her golden hair a-dancing—and florence knew this. the hangings in the little round room where she received her guests were deeper than the shades, and the tapestry of the semi-circular win- dow-seat was red. it was in the arc of this that florence was wont to sit—the star amidst her sat- ellites. it was one's privilege to smoke in the little room, and somehow the odor of the burned tobacco did not get into the draperies; nor filter through the portières into the hall beyond; and the air of the boudoir was always cool and fresh and sweet. monday, tuesday, wednesday—every night— and sunday most of all—there were loungers on that window-seat, their faces half in shadow. it was hard at such times to take one's eyes off florence, sitting in the arc, the soft light of old-rose moving across her cheek, creeping around her ann arbor tales white throat, leaping in her twisted hair, quivering in her blue, soft eyes. when she smiled, one thought in verse—if one were that sort—or, perhaps, muttered, “gad!” shiveringly under the breath. well may you—or l—shake our heads now and smile, albeit a bit sadly; but then it was different. we have learned much, too much perhaps, and the once keen edge of joy is dulled. but then we were young. youth was our inheritance and we spent it, flung it away, you say, as we knelt before the shrine of beauty set up in a little round room where low lights glimmered among deep shaded draperies. we realized that it was a serious matter—a deadly serious matter; just as did a score or more of our fellows on the campus in whose hearts, as well, flared the flame of the fine young love that we were feeling in our own. for you—and l—loved florence. dear little room! dearest, dearest florence! many are the men who never learned; in whose hearts your image is enshrined to-night. and few are they who ever learned and really knew you, dear. some few thought they did and called you a “college widow,” because they could remember a the making of a man certain tall, dark-browed senior who danced ten times with you at the jay hop of ' . others were convinced through them; but these were mostly freshmen upon whom you had not sought to work your magic. how far wrong they were! yet even you, florence, i am thinking, were wont, at least in blue moments, to take yourself at the scant valuation these few saw fit to place upon you. but in the end you, even, saw and understood. i am glad, my dear, that i may tell the story. and if those who read it here shall call it fiction, you, and jim, and i, at least, shall know it for the truth. and then, when i have done, and you have put aside the book, to hide your eyes from him who holds you fonder far than you can know, remember, dear, the glory of it and be glad. it was june. the rain had been plentiful and the green things of earth rioted joyously in their silent life. in the trees were many birds that sang all day long, and in the night the moon was pale and the shadows were ghostly and the air was sweet with roses that hung in pink profusion from the trellis. ann arbor tales the grass was soft beneath the quick, light tread of the lads; and the laughter of the summer-time was in the eyes of all the maids. many the gay straw-rides to the lake; frequent and long the walks through leafy lanes, down which the ſootfalls echoed; sweet the vigils on the broad stone steps distributed about the campus with so much regard for youthful lovers. too warm for dancing; too languorous for study, that june was made only for swains and sweet- hearts. at least jack houston thought as much, and cast- ing an eye about the town it chanced to fall upon fair florence. older than he by half-a-dozen years— older still in the experience of her art—her blue eyes captured him, the sheen of her soft hair, coiled high upon her head, dazzled him; and the night of the day they met he forgot—quite forgot—that half-a- dozen boon companions awaited him in a dingy, hot room down-town, among whom he was to have been the ruling spirit—a party of vain mis- guided youths of his own class, any one of whom he could drink under the table at a sitting, and nearly all of whom he had. the next night, however, he was of the party and led the roistering and drank longer, harder than the rest, until—in the little hours of the new day— the making of a man sodden, unsteady, he found his way to his room, where he flung himself heavily upon his bed to sleep until the noonday sun mercifully cast a beam across his heavy eyes and wakened him. this life he had led for two years and now his face had lines; his eyes lacked lustre; his hand trembled when he rolled his cigarettes, but his brain was keener, his intelligence subtler, than ever. the wick of his mental lamp was submerged in alcohol and the light it gave seemed brighter for it. there were those who shook their heads when his name was mentioned; while others only laughed and called it the way of youth unrestrained. there was only one who seemed to see the end —crowley—houston's room-mate, nearest pal—as unlike him as white is unlike black, and therefore, perhaps, more fondly loving. it was because he loved him as he did that crowley saw—saw the end as clearly as he saw the printed page before his eyes, and shuddered at the sight. he saw a bril- liant mind dethroned; a splendid body ruined; a father killed with grief—and seeing, thus, he was glad that houston's mother had passed away while he was yet a little, brown-eyed, red-cheeked boy. his misgivings heavy upon his heart, he spoke of them to florence. at first, her eyes glinted a cold harsh light, but as he talked on and on, fervently, ann arbor tales passionately, that light went out, and another came that burned brighter, as he cried: “oh, can't something be done? something " they walked on a way in silence, and then she said, quietly, as was her manner, always: “do you think i could help ?” he seized her hand and she looked up into his eyes, smiling. “oh, if you could!” he cried; and then: “would you try p” but before she could answer he flung down her hand saying: “but no, you couldn't; what was i thinking of . " they were walking by the river to the east, where, on the right, the hill rose sheer—a tangle of vivid green—from the heart of which a spring leapt and tinkled over smooth, white pebbles, to lose it- self again in the earth below, bubbling noisily. at his expression, or, more at the tone he em- ployed in its utterance, she shrank from him, and then, regardless of her steps, sped half-way up the hill, beside the spring course. there she flung her- self upon a mossy plot, face down. - - crowley called to her from the road, but she did not answer; he went to her, and stooping touched her shoulder. her whole body, prone before him, quivered. she was crying. he talked to her a long time, there in the wood- º . the making of a man land, silence about them save for the calls of the birds. she turned her wet eyes upon his face. “oh, to think every one doubts me !” she mur- mured. “you laughed at me when i asked you if i could help—you think i'm only a toy-like girl— a sort of great cat to be fondled always.” she seized a stick, broke it impetuously across her knee and rose before him. “i will help!” she cried, “i will—and you'll see what i'll do!” afterward—long afterward—he remembered her, as she was that moment—her golden hair tum- bling upon her shoulders; her eyes blazing, her glorious figure erect, her white hands clenched at her sides. so it was crowley—jim crowley the penitent, yet the sceptical—who brought them together, just as it was crowley who waited, who counted the days, who watched. ii from the walk he saw them on the tennis courts one evening a week later. unobserved he watched their movements; the girl's lithe, graceful; houston's, strong, manly. he was serving and crowley noted the swift sweep of o ann arbor tales his white arm, bare almost to the shoulder, and was thrilled. florence had slipped the links in her sleeves and rolled her cuffs back to dimpled elbows and her forearms were brown from much golf. crowley approached the players after a moment and they joined him at the end of the net. the flush on the girl's face gave her beauty a radiance that he could not recall ever having noticed before. usually florence was marbly calm. houston was warm, glowing. “gad, you're a fine pair; i've been watching you,” crowley blurted. the girl shot him one swift glance, then her lips parted over her strong, white, even teeth, as she laughed. “aren't we?” she cried gaily—“just splen- did —” and made a playful lunge at him with the raguet. “venus and adonis playing tennis, eh?” crow- ley said. “oh, cut it out,” houston exclaimed. “they didn't play tennis, did they?" florence asked. “he ought to know,” houston put in, “he's working for that rome scholarship—but he'll never get it any more than i shall the athens. p > “they used to play hand ball—the gods did—" the making of a man crowley explained professorily. “and in a court, too. i suppose your tennis is merely a survival of that old greek game.” the three sat at the edge of the court while crowley discoursed learnedly upon the pastimes of the ancient greeks. the deep throated bells in the library tower rang out the hour of eight across the maples and the amateur lecturer rose lazily. “do you want to go down town, jack p” he asked indifferently. had houston known how breathlessly crowley hung upon his answer he would not have taken so long to make it. as it was he glanced up at his room-mate and across at florence whose eyes met his with a look of inquiry. he looked away then and crowley glanced at the girl, and in her eyes he seemed to see a challenge. “he’s not going down town,” she said, quite definitely, though still smiling; “he's going home with me.” crowley shrugged his shoulders. “are you, jack?” he asked. “she says so,” was the light reply. “well, as i'm not invited i guess i had better be moseying along.” “oh, you can come if you want to,” florence said naively. ann arbor tales “oh, ho; if i want to well i guess not!” crowley exclaimed and moved away, calling over his shoulder: “good-night to you—venus and adonis.” “isn't he a good sort p” florence asked as the youth's tall figure disappeared around the corner of the red museum. “ripping!” houston replied emphatically, “only i wish he weren't such an old dryasdust. . . .” he carried the raguets under his arm with his coat wrapped about them. at the door of her home he started to put on his coat. “you needn't,” she said, perceiving his intent— “leave it off; it will be cooler. shall we go in p” she took the coat and flung it over a chair in the hall and led the way into the little round room. “don’t light up,” he said—she was feeling along the top of the teak-wood rack for matches—“don’t you think this is nicer p” in the shadow, and half-turned from him as it was, he could not see her face nor the smile that swept across it as he spoke. he flung himself on the seat between the two windows, and she sank upon a low, old-fashioned stool before him, her elbows on her knees, her chin in her two slim hands. they talked commonplaces for a space, and gradually silence fell upon them. the making of a man after a while he fumbled for his tobacco and little book of cigarette papers. divining the purpose of his search she glanced over her shoulder and asked archly in a half- whisper: “wouldn't you rather have a made one p” she rose before he could reply, and took down from the rack across the corner a japanese jar into the depths of which she plunged her hand. she held out to him a half-dozen of the little white tubes. selecting one he lighted it. puffing contentedly: “doesn't your mother mind p” he asked. she shook her head and sat on the circular seat beside him. “she's not here,” she added. “there's a social at the church; she's there. py “oh,” he muttered. while he smoked, she looked out the window into the silent street now almost dark. afterward she watched him blow thin, writhing rings; lean- ing toward him, supporting herself on one hand, pressed hard against the cushion. “why don't you smoke p” he ventured after a few moments, emboldened by the deepening shadows in the little room. “i’ve a mind to,” she said in a half whisper. ann arbor tales he crossed the room straightway and dove his own hand into the jar and held out a cigarette to her. “i’ll get a match,” he said. “don’t,” she cried, “let me light it from yours.” they leaned toward each other on the window- seat until their faces were very close and the fire of his cigarette touched the tip of hers. across the frail white bridge and through the pale cloud that rose, their eyes met and his gazed deep into hers, the depths of which he could not fathom. then they drew back their heads with one accord and his hand fell upon hers where it lay on the cushion. nor did she withdraw her hand even as his closed over it. the contact sent his blood tingling to his heart; he leaned nearer her. their eyes, as now and then they saw in the little light the glowing coals of their cigarettes gave, did not waver. he ceased smoking, and so did she. his cigarette dropped from his nerveless fingers. quickly he flung an arm about her and drew her toward him, holding her close, breathlessly. the perfume of her hair got into his brain, and deadened all but the consciousness of her nearness. she did not resist his impulse, but lay calm in his arms, her face up- turned, her eyes melting, gazing into his. “dearest,” he murmured—“dearest—dearest —” | the making of a man “kiss me—kiss me—jack.” the whisper was like the faint moving of young leaves in the forest. he bent his head. . . . their lips met. he saw the lids fall over her fathomless eyes like a curtain, and night became radiant day that instant love was born. suddenly he drew his arms away, rose and strode nervously into the hallway, leaving her in a crouch- ing attitude upon the seat. she waited eagerly, voiceless. she perceived his figure between the portières and heard him say: “i’m sorry—perhaps i must ask you to forgive me—i know i've been a fool—i shall go now —” she glided toward him with a silent, undulating movement. he felt irresistibly impelled to meet her. afterward he recalled how he had struggled that moment; had fought; had lost. - he felt her cool, soft arms against his cheeks. “don’t go,-jack,” she whispered. he raised his hands and seized her wrists as though to fling her from him. “why?” he muttered hoarsely. “because,”—her face was hidden against his shoulder and her voice was faint—“because—l don't want you to.” she flung back her head then and he looked ann arbor tales down into her face, and kissed her. he kissed her many times, upon the forehead, lips and eyes, while she clung to him, murmuring fondly. he wrenched himself from her close embrace, at last, and rushing into the hallway, snatched his coat from the chair where she had flung it. standing passively where he had left her, flor- ence heard the outer door slam, followed by his swift tread upon the walk and the click as the gate latched. . . . then there was silence. for a long time she stood there, one hand clutch- ing the back of a quaint, old-fashioned chair. a shudder passed over her. she went to the window and looked out, but in the darkness of the street she could see nothing but the vague outlines of the houses across the way and a blot where the lilac- bush was in the yard. sinking upon the seat she proceeded to uncoil her heavy hair, braiding it deftly over her shoulder. gathering up her combs from the cushion, she went into the hallway and pressed the button regulating the lights. in the white glow she re- garded her face in the mirror over the fireplace shelf and smiled back faintly at the reflection. as she turned to the stairway she perceived a white card lying on the floor. she picked it up and turned it over in her hand. it was a little the making of a man photograph of a young, sweet-faced girl and writ- ten across the margin at the bottom she read—the writing ordinary—“to jack, from susie." she turned and stared an instant at the vestibule door. then she mounted the stairs, slowly. her mother's voice from the hallway below awakened her. “i’m here, dear,” she called back. “i went to bed—i was so tired.” iii there is this to be said of jack houston: when- ever he took liquor—which was often—he took it like a man. none of the alley-door for him; through the front door, as sturdy and frank as a crusader or not at all—that was his way. let a faculty man be coming toward him half a block distant, there was no hesitation; not a waver. he —if such were the circumstance—would nod and pass directly beyond the double swinging screens, and not give the incident another thought. nor were bottles ever delivered to his room in boxes marked “candles.” indeed the outward signs were that he took pride in the bravado with which he carried on the business; for there on the boxes were the stenciled labels—plain enough to be read distinctly across the street—“perth whiskey.” but ann arbor tales it was not that he had a pride in what certain of his fellows were wont to call his “independence.” it was simply that he drank—drank when he chose; paid for what he drank; and drank it like a man—a southern man, honorably. the real trouble was not that he saw fit and cared to drink, or what he drank; but that he drank so much. and he was in love now; reveling in a multitude of agreeable sensations, which, perhaps, he had not even dreamed himself destined ever to ex- perience in such fulness. analyzing his emotions he marveled at the condition he discovered. he set himself apart and regarded the other jack houston critically. he denied his heart's impeach- ment; the other jack sneered and called him a fool. he laughed; the other jack said, or seemed to say: “laugh away; but it's a serious business all the same.” he flaunted; the other adhered to the original charge. in the end he stood before that other jack and held out his hand, as it were, and —like a man—confessed. and it devolved upon him forthwith to celebrate the discovery of a car- diac ailment he had not experienced before as he was experiencing it now. so, with barbaric, almost beautiful, recklessness, he got drunk; thoroughly, creditably drunk. the next morning, heavy-headed, thick-tongued, the making of a man he shifted his eyes sheepishly about the room, while crowley, from the high ground of his own invincible virtue, talked down to him roundly. he did not interrupt the steady flow of maledic- tion in which his immaculate room-mate seemed determined to engulf him; but when the lecture was ended, he looked up, steadily, and said: “never mind, old top, it's the last; on the square it is.” as he had a perfect right to do under the circumstances, crowley shrugged his shoulders, and looked out the window into the green of a maple. “all right, old top,” houston driveled on pathet- ically—“mebbe i've said it before; but this time i mean it—see if i don't.” and he reached across the table for a bottle of bitters. he poured half a small glass with shaking hands. over the edge of the drink he perceived the sneer on crowley's face. he set the glass and bottle on the chiffonier care- fully. “confound you! don't you believe me, you white-ribbon parson!” he cried. crowley smiled broadly. houston seized the glass. “there!” he ex- claimed—“now do you believe me?—not even a bracer!” and he flung glass and liquor into the waste-paper basket. o ann arbor tales crowley laughed aloud at that, and went down- stairs, and houston, as he finished dressing, heard him talking to the landlady's collie on the front porch. for that afternoon—it being saturday—he had planned a boating trip, with a picnic supper, down the river. the care-taker at the boathouse helped him tote the canoe around the dam, while flor- ence, her face shaded by the blue parasol she carried, stood on the bank by the railway. her hamper was stowed away securely, and while the man held fast to the frail craft, houston lifted her fairly from the ground and set her, fluffy and cool, in the bow where he had arranged the cushions. to the attendant music of many little cries of half fright, the canoe, at one sweep of the paddle, shot into midstream. the river was unusually high; the spring rains had been frequent and plentiful, and now the water ran flush with the green banks on either side. past the ivy-hung station they drifted with the current. florence sat silent among the cushions watching the rhythmic, graceful sweep of the paddle, strongly, evenly manipulated by her flannel-clad gondolier. it was an occasion for unvoiced enjoyment. on the left rose the hills—threaded by the winding, white boulevard—thick with greenery, through the making of a man which now and then were to be caught glimpses of the hermitage—poised obliquely on the hillside, a sheer declivity falling from its broad canopied piazza. skirting the bank, the passage of the canoe wrought havoc among the birds, and they flew to and fro across the stream, or, hopping nerv- ously from branch to branch, screamed their dis- pleasure at the rude invasion of their domestic quiet. florence removed her rings, and, dropping her hand over the low rail, let it trail through the dark- green water, alive with the shivering reflections of the bank verdure. the boat glided beneath the old wooden bridge at the boulevard beginning, and two small boys. who were fishing from the weather-stained struc- ture forgot their lines to watch the passage of the silent craft. further on, the current ran more swiftly and jack ceased paddling, relaxed, steered merely. they talked of many things in the stillness. now and then they were moved to outbursts of sentiment occasioned by the beauty of the hills and the little surprises of charm that nature, at each curve of the wandering stream, brought into view. overhead, feathery clouds, almost opalescent, floated in a turquoise sky; and the breeze that was wafted across the hills kissed cool their faces. ann arbor tales florence drew in her dripping hand and dried it on her handkerchief. the sun was obscured and she closed the blue parasol. finally she said: “jack—jack dear—why did you do it?” she did not lift her eyes as she spoke, but, rather, regarded the tip of her parasol, pressed against the toe of one little patent-leather slipper. “what?” he asked calmly; so calmly that she could not tell whether he were dissembling igno- rance of her meaning. “you understand,” she said—“last night—” “how do you know p” he exclaimed suddenly; but before she could reply he added, gently, “i’m sorry—i'm dead sorry!” she was moved to lift her eyes by the note of contrition in his voice. her lips parted the least bit over her teeth and she smiled. “how—how could you, dear p” she went on; “after—after—that night. i've been thinking about it all day. i didn't mean to mention it at first—but —but—i couldn't help it. you don't really like to do such things; do you, jack? there, i know you don't. it's just what they call—spirits—i sup- pose—” he laughed aloud, and his laugh was echoed back across the river. “yes,” he cried, gleefully —“that's it—spirits!” ann arbor tales they had reached the point where they had planned to spread their picnic supper. he drove the canoe into the soft earth of the sloping bank and steadied it with the paddle while she, gathering up her fluffy skirts, stepped out. he dragged the boat upon the bank and handed her the hamper. they climbed up to a shelf of rock over the edge of which a spring sent whirling to the road below a glistening rope of water. they set the basket in the cool shade, at the edge of the shelf, and de- scending again followed the road along the stream. the air was filled with the sounds of joyous nature. the world was glad and gay; glad for the tall, strong youth in flannels who strode beside a yel- low-haired girl; and gay for the girl. in the evening they waited on “their rock,” as she called it, until twilight rose and the birds became quiet and the wild life about was still. over the shoulder of the hill across the river the moon rose, round, high, white, to light a gleaming path along the stream. paddling back, houston displayed his skill, for it was no child's work against the current. she watched him; the strong, even movements of his arms, as he fairly bent the paddle blade before his steady strokes. rounding a bend the lights of the town twinkled into view. the making of a man “we're nearly home,” he called, and the words came quick and short from the effort he had made. “and you're tired,” she murmured. “no, not tired,” he replied—“i only wish it were longer —” “but we can come again—before you go home." “florence—i don't want to go, now.” he hesi- tated a moment. “i might make the governor be- lieve that the summer school would materially benefit his son,” he added. she laughed at the mockery in his voice. “i’m afraid i should be your only professor,” she said. “i would hope so,” he replied. “no, dear,” she said, seriously, “don’t this summer—next, perhaps.” “will you write me then—often ?” he asked. “how often ?” “don't you suppose you could—l sha'n't say every day—but every other day p” “yes.” and his heart leaped in his breast at the tone she employed. “i love you,” he whispered. “oh, how i love you!” “and you will keep your promise p” she smiled back at him. “yes.” the making of a man in another week he was gone. he came back to her after many weeks and although she did not ask, he told her he had kept his promise. iv during the winter that followed, houston's con- stant attention to florence was generally accepted at its face-value. that they were engaged few of their intimates doubted; and among the faculty members of their acquaintance there were many smiles and sidewise glances. at a forty club dance one night mrs. longpré, a chaperon, said to mrs. clifford, another, lowering her lorgnette through which, for some moments she had stared, rather impertinently, as was her custom, at jack and florence, “i find that couple quite interesting.” “why, pray ?” mrs. clifford asked, roused suddenly from the doze into which she had lapsed, due to ennui that she made no effort to conceal. “that mr. houston seems a very nice young man,” observed the worthy dame, patronizingly, and as though speaking to herself, “but what he can see in that girl is beyond me.” mrs. clifford squinted. she refused to add to her generally aged and wrinkled appearance by wear- ing spectacles. ann arbor tales “isn't she a proper person p” she asked. mrs. clifford had a proper daughter—a very proper daughter—who at that precise moment was sitting prim and solitary on the lowest step of the gallery stairs. “well,” mrs. longpré observed, significantly, “there have been stories. of course one is quite prepared to hear stories and whether they are true or not one never knows,” she added, defensively. “but the girl's mother allows her to have her own way more than i should, if she were my daughter. she is old enough to be his aunt, besides, and al- ways has half-a-dozen young men dancing attend- ance upon her.” “i suppose it's just another college engagement that will end when he graduates,” mrs. clifford ventured. “is the girl in college at all p” she in- quired with a smothered yawn. mrs. longpré smiled. “hardly,” she replied, drily. “if she had continued—for she started i am told—she would have graduated quite seven years ago.” there was a tart venom in the last speech. “you don't say,” mused mrs. clifford who was new to ann arbor, her husband, the professor, having been called from a little ohio college to fill the chair of norwegian literature. and she imme- diately lapsed into another doze from which she did i the making of a man not emerge—being quite stout, and pleasantly stu- pid—until the orchestra overhead began the last dance—“home, sweet home.” mrs. longpré's point-of-view as regarded jack and florence was that of nearly all the faculty women who knew them. indeed, there was but one among them, the jolly little wife of the as- sistant professor of physics—who did not know much and did not feign more—who championed them. and her support was little more than a mere exclamation at the girl's beauty, now and then at a “reception,” or a wide-eyed admiration, feelingly expressed, of houston's charming manners and exquisitely maintained poise. if florence in the slightest measure realized how she—for what her judges were pleased to call her latest “affair"—was held by those judges she did not express her knowledge even by a sign. as for houston, he saw precisely how the companionship was regarded by the small people among whom decency required him to mingle, and the knowledge irritated his nerves. - “the fools!” he exclaimed to florence one day, “don’t they think a fellow can really care for a girl —ever!” she laughed and told him not to mind, and he was satisfied. the making of a man fell down straight off the bat. i'd like to win it; that's sure enough. it would be fine. i like to work, too; but it's too late now.” he sighed. “but there,” he exclaimed, turning to her with a smile, “what's the use of crying over spilt milk?” she was still serious. “don’t be silly,” she reproved. “why don't you go on with it now p can't you, dear p please. oh, how i'd love to see you win it; and you can if you'll only try!” she clasped her hands eagerly and leaned in front of him. “do you suppose i could p” he asked, with some show of earnestness. “of course you could!” she cried. “do try, jack, dear; please do; for my sake.” the shade was deep where they were, and he stopped the horse and they remained there a space. she planned for him gaily. “if i could only help you,” she murmured tenderly. “you can—by loving me,” he said. she looked away. “if i do take up the work to win,” he went on, “it’ll mean i can't come down so often. how would you like that p” he asked, playfully. “i shouldn't care.” then she added quickly, a little frightened by the look he gave her. “you ann arbor tales know, dear, i didn't mean that! i mean i could stand it—i could stand it for your sake.” “so we both might be happier in the end.” at his words she looked away again. “yes,” she repeated slowly—“so we both might be happier in the end. won't you try p” she asked eagerly, after the moment's silence that ensued. he did not answer her at once. then suddenly he flapped the reins upon the horse's back and touched the sleek animal with the whip. “gad! i will!” he exclaimed. and looking at her he saw a mist in her eyes, and that she had drawn her lower lip between her teeth, which were white upon it. moved by her emotion he asked, gently: “are you glad p” “oh, so glad!” she answered, and there was a tremor in her voice. “i know you'll win,” she went on after a moment. “i know, at least you'll make the effort, for you've promised me. you al- ways keep your promises to me, don't you, jack p” he laughed lightly. “i couldn't do otherwise,” he said. “i couldn’t if i tried.” he felt her hand upon his arm, and his heart at that moment filled to overflowing with love for her. the making of a man “crowley, you old parson, i'm going to win that athens scholarship or bust—or bust; do you understand!” he exploded, later in the day, before his room-mate. crowley looked up from the three open books on the table over which he was bent. “good for you!” he cried. “gad; you're more apt to win it now than i am the rome—the way the work is going.” “you’d better look to your laurels,” was the bantering reply. “you just note your little john- nie's smoke. if he doesn't make the rest of the bunch that's on the same scent look like thirty cents, a year from next june, he'll go jump off the dock; and upon you will devolve the cheerful duty of telegraphing papa!” and the next day he began. it was an herculean task that confronted him and he realized fully the labor necessary to its accom- plishment. he dove into the work with an enthu- siasm that augured well for the achievement of the end he had in view. he outlined a system; he drafted a schedule of diversion and recreation, which he promised himself he would adhere to. it permitted of meetings with florence on only two nights of the week. for a month he did not swerve a hair's breath from this plan of employ- ann arbor tales ment, but at the end of that period he sent her a brief note breaking an engagement to drive with her on the sunday following. he beseeched crowley to call upon her and explain, which crowley did, while houston, locked in his room, studied. during that call crowley suffered an embarrass- ment he had never before experienced in florence's presence. the john alden part he had been so summarily cast to act, he felt did not fit him. as for florence, she perceived his discomfort and sur- mising something of its cause adapted herself to the situation delicately. “do you think he'll win p” she asked eagerly after crowley had made the necessary explanations. “win!” he exclaimed. “he'll win or go clear daft, if he keeps on working like he's been doing the past three weeks. he's getting thinner, too,” he added—“actually getting thinner; hadn't you noticed p” and he laughed with her at the thought of houston wearing himself to a shadow over books of archeology. it was very absurd. understanding well that florence had had some hand in the change of houston's fortunes, he hesi- tated upon the point of asking her to tell him all about it. they had been very candid in the past. he recalled their walk by the river and the conver- the making of a man sation of that afternoon bearing upon jack's mis- deeds. but, for some reason that he could not, for his dulness, fathom now, he did hesitate. houston had never told him what was the precise relation between him and florence, and for him now, he thought, in the event of a secret engagement, per- haps, to seek to learn from her what that relation might be — it was too delicate, he concluded, altogether too delicate. “i do hope,” she said, “you won't let him get sick working so hard.” “oh, you needn't worry,” he replied, signifi- cantly, “i don't think there's any immediate danger.” after a moment she said, bluntly: “you haven't any real faith in him, even now, have you, jim p” he was a little startled by her question. had she, he asked himself, been sitting there reading his mind as though it were a show bill, printed in large type p he felt, for the moment, decidedly uncom- fortable. “you haven't, have you?” she repeated. “why, yes,” he replied, somewhat indefinitely. “why yes i have, too.” she shook her yellow head and smiled. “i’m afraid not,” she said quietly. and that instant crowley came nearer achieving ann arbor tales a complete understanding of houston's case than he was destined to again—until long after. he was glad to leave the little round room at the end of half an hour. for months jack and florence had made plans for the junior hop of his third year, but the first of february came and with it a realization to florence that her hopes were destined to be shattered. jack explained to her, as best he could, that the three days' respite from work after the first-semester ex- aminations could not be that for him. “i’m up to my eyes, dear,” he said—“besides i know you don't care much; you've been to a lot, and as for me i shouldn't care a snap to go over to the gym. and dance all night. i'm going through the exams. great. i know, dear, i've worked hard, but i must work harder. you understand, don't you?” of course she understood. hop p what was a hop to her p pouff that for them! the same always; a great bore, usually, after one has been to three or four. that was what she said to him, but deep in her heart she was disappointed; not keenly perhaps, but disappointed, nevertheless. through the last semester she saw him less fre- quently, even, than she had during the earlier part of the year. the making of a man “i've decided to stay over for summer-school, dear,” he said to her one afternoon in mid-june. she was quite joyful at the prospect. “we shall go on the river!” she cried. “we shall, shan't we ?” “of course,” he said, earnestly. but not once did they go. from week to week the excursion was postponed, always by houston, save once. then florence's mother was ill. he was quite prepared on that occasion and suffered some displeasure. “never mind, we'll go in the fall, when you come back,” florence said. in order that he might work during the scant vacation permitted him he carried to his southern home, in august, a case of books. “you'll write me, dear, often—awfully often, won't you?” he said to florence the night before he left. “of course,” she assured him. and she kept her promise though his letters were infrequent and brief during the interval. he met her in the little round room the first night he was back. he had carried away with him an impression of her in a soft, fluffy blue gown, but now it was autumn, and she was dressed differ- ently. when she came into the room, his senses ann arbor tales suffered a shock from which he did not immedi- ately recover. she seemed much older. he wondered if it might not be her costume. he could not recall ever before having seen her in gray. he caught himself, once or twice, regarding her curiously, somewhat critically, and marveled at the phenom- enon. she did not chide him for his neglect in not hav- ing written her oftener during the two months he had been away. he offered no excuses. it was as though, now, each had forgotten in the other's nearness. leaving her, he felt that, on the whole, he had got through the evening rather miserably. the weeks sped on fleet wings. he was deep in his work. he perceived that what, a year be- fore, had appeared but a remote chance of winning the coveted scholarship had now resolved itself into a certain possibility; even more, he considered, with a sense of pride—a probability. the campus saw little of him, the town scarcely a glimpse, save occasionally of a saturday evening when he walked to the post-office for his mail. on such evenings he usually stopped at florence's home on his way to his rooms. the conversation between them at these times was confined almost wholly to his work. all his efforts were concen- o ann arbor tales spring came. his winning was now a certainty. the u. of m. daily accepted his success as assured and dismissed the matter at once with all the cock- sureness of collegiate journalism. now, the hard work done, he could loaf. loaf | the prospect appalled him. loaf p he had for- gotten how! but florence should teach him all over again, he mused, and smiled. he went to his dressing-table and picked up her portrait given him two years before. across the margin at the bottom he read:—“to jack, from florence.” after a moment he put the photograph down and searched among the others that littered the table. a little look of puzzlement came into his eyes. he turned to the front window and gazed out across the maples, their leaves silvered by the moon- light. he stood there some moments watching the face of the night. then he turned back to his books, doggedly. “what's the use p” he muttered, sinking into the chair before his study table. v he realized fully the significance of the extreme to which his course had brought him. if he might the making of a man only talk to crowley; if he might only tell him everything, how like a cad he felt, what a cad he believed himself to be, he must sense a deep re- lief. but would crowley understand; could he understand p. he smiled at the thought the question prompted. poor old crowley—meister dryasdust—he under- stand a situation so delicate—so exquisitely deli- cate p it was absurd. houston laughed aloud; but the laughter died at once and was like ashes on his lips. he had not deceived florence; not wilfully; though perhaps in the end it was as though he had. but now the thought that he had not consoled him. still she had his promise. he had hers as well, to be sure, and in his present state of mind he only wished that she might be as willing as he to forget —he could not think, forgive. at the conjecture his pride suffered a shock. still, if it were only true—if there were even a remote possibility of truth in the circumstance he imagined—that she might have undergone a change; that she might have awakened; that she might have—drifted away. he was coldly analytical enough now, to turn back a year and hear himself, as he was then, being told by her that she had erred, had made a dreadful faux pas of the whole business. ann arbor tales a grim smile curved his lips as the situation pre- sented itself more clearly to his mind. he snapped away his cigarette impatiently. leaving his room an hour before he had felt cool- headed enough, but now he experienced a growing nervousness with each step he took. it was just such a day as the one on which they had canoed down the river and the promises had been ex- changed. would it not be well, perhaps, he con- sidered, to propose another little voyage, and, per- haps, on the very shelf of rock where they had spread their luncheon—a dainty luncheon it was, he remembered—tell her ? he put the thought away at once as absurdly theatrical. no, there was but one thing to do—to go to her, to go to her now, and, like a man, tell her. it would be over with in half an hour—no longer, surely, he thought—and then—how good the air would taste, how blue the sky would seem. he had not noticed where his steps were leading him, but now that a determination to act in the course left open to him had formed, set, and hard- ened in his mind, he lifted his eyes and looked about him. he was approaching a corner. it was a very fa- miliar corner. there on the left, ridiculously close to the sidewalk, was the brown house from the the making of a man lilac bush in the scant front yard of which he and florence had often, of an evening, stolen arm- fuls of the fragrant blossoms. a street car dragged along, its one flat wheel thumping, thumping, thumping, with a deadly sort of iteration. stand- ing there, he lighted another cigarette. when would he be here again, he mused. perhaps in five years he might come back to a class reunion. five years would bring many changes, many con- fusing changes. the lilac bush, for instance, might not be there in the front yard of the brown house. he recalled the changes the four years he had lived in ann arbor had brought to the vicinity of his fresh- man rooming-house. come to think of it, he could not even now, familiar as he was with the town, remember whether that house stood in ingalls or thayer streets. he could find the place, certainly; that is, he might locate it after a bit, but — “houston, you're a fool!” he upbraided himself aloud, unconsciously. then, flinging away his half-burned cigarette, he turned the corner and walked briskly down the street. the maid admitted him and he waited in the little round room. the shades were low and the place was filled with shadows, shadows that made the ann arbor tales close walls seem very far apart, and the teak wood bookcase quite remote. to satisfy himself of the illusion houston thrust one foot forward until it touched the lowest shelf. he settled back among the cushions on the circular seat, then, quite sat- isfied. he heard the soft, cool swish of skirts on the stairs and the next instant the portières parted and framed florence. in passing she had opened the outer door and the light, streaming about her, as for an instant she stood there, filled the little room with a soft, white glow that seemed to radiate from her. he did not move; gazed at her simply be- fore she glided silently to where he sat, and stoop- ing, kissed him. she held her cheek close to his an instant then drew away, and moving to the window raised one of the shades. her face was turned from him. “jove!” he muttered, “but you're beautiful, florence—in that—in that blue thing.” she turned, at his exclamation, and a little pale ghost of a smile hovered about her lips. she came to him and sat beside him and took one of his hands in both hers. “jack, what is it?” she asked, quietly. their eyes met as she spoke, and before his the making of a man could fall, she said: “tell me, tell me what it is—" it seemed to him, that instant, that he ceased to breathe. he fairly wrenched his eyes from hers. “flo" —it was not often of late that he called her by this name of his own invention—“flo, i—i —” “tell me,” she whispered, leaning toward him. “flo, it's all off.” he got up quickly and strode out into the hall- way, and back again. he stood beside the bookcase and looked at her, across the room, where she sat between the win- dows, the little smile, only, perhaps fainter now, still hovering about her lips. “i understand, dear,” she said simply. the relief her words carried to him filled him with as keen and as complete a joy as he had ever felt. “i knew you would,” he said; “i knew you would—you're so sensible about things.” the smile flickered an instant brighter as she replied, with a little pout, “oh, jack, never call a girl ‘sensible': it's as bad as calling her ‘nice,' and that's like throwing a stone at her.” he laughed, a little stridently. “come here, dear; sit here and tell me all about ann arbor tales it.” she made room for him beside her and held the cushions against the wall till he sank among them. “is it your father, dear; did you tell him " she asked quietly. “no, it isn't,” he blurted, frankly. “i wish to heaven it were.” “so it's you; just yourself; oh, jack!” how grateful he was for that little note of gay mockery in her voice she never knew. “can't you tell me all about it p” he did not answer at once. “then shall i tell you ?” she said. he glanced at her appealingly, but she was still smiling. “well—let's see,_where does it begin p oh, yes. there was once a boy came to college, and he fell in with other boys and had the best sort of time till he met an ogre—no, i mean an ogress—and after that he didn't have a good time at all —” he was smiling now, with her. “— and in some foolish way he began to think he liked the ogress—whom he shouldn't have liked —and she, well, she liked him too, and they be- came pals—regular pals—and one day he told her he loved her. he thought he did. he didn't really; but he was to learn that afterward. so they be- came engaged—this fine fellow and the ogress. the making of a man silly, wasn't it? silly of the fine fellow and silly of the ogress. and for a little while—no,”—she mused—“not a little while; quite a long while, they were happy; very, very happy. and all the time they were drifting closer and closer to the edge of a precipice over which they were sure to take a tumble one day. but before that day came the fine fellow woke up, for, you see, he'd only been dreaming all the time. and the ogress wasn't an ogress at all, but just a girl—a sensible girl. º - he glanced at her reprovingly. - just a sensible girl,” she went on, “who, when he told her it was all a dream, said it had been a happy, happy dream, but that perhaps the awakening had come just in time. perhaps it has, jack,” there was a note of seriousness in her voice now. “perhaps it has; who knows? we shall think so anyway; shan't we? it will make it easier. y - “yes, it will make it easier,” he muttered, all the light gone out of his eyes, the smile from his lips. “jack; you will tell me one thing, won't you, dear?” he looked up into her face wonderingly. “what is it?” he said. “was there another—another besides the ogress ann arbor tales who turned out to be the sensible girl? tell me, jack; it's all i want to know. i don't know why i should want to know even that; but i do. i guess a girl always does. perhaps it's because it usually tends either to light-up things or to make her still more miserable. i don't know which; only it's at such times that a girl wants either light or more misery. one seems to do as well as the other. tell me—was there, jack?” he met her eyes frankly, as he spoke. “why flo—i—you see—” he looked away. she settled back among the cushions. “flo, you wouldn't understand,” he managed to say. “you see, it's —” “but i know now,” she exclaimed—“and some- how it makes me feel better — ” “flo!” she perceived the reproof in his tone and added eagerly: “don't think i meant to mock you, dear; i didn't truly. i meant just what i said—and just that way. py presently he stood up before her and looked down into her face. “flo,”—he spoke earnestly, almost passionately —“flo, you're a girl in a million!” “there!” she cried gaily, “that's better than “sensible.’” the making of a man he smiled. “in a million,” he repeated as though to himself. “i can never, never forget you—” “oh, jack!” again the old note of playful raillery crept into her voice. “now you've gone back. of course you can't forget me; at least you mustn't, really you mustn't; it wouldn't be fair.” he took up his hat from the little table. “are you going?” she asked. “i'd better,” he said, simply. “and shan't i see you again? before he could reply she cried: “but i can see you graduate! i can see you get the athens scholar- ship; and i shall too. and oh, jack, when i read some day about you i shall be so glad—so glad i'll cry!” as she spoke he saw the thin mist that he remembered seeing once before, gather over her eyes again. he touched her lightly on the cheeks with the tips of his fingers, and, stooping kissed her forehead. “good-bye,” he said. she took his hand and pressed it. “good-bye—and the best luck in the world!” she cried. she heard the door close behind him. for a long time she did not move from among the cushions. finally she rose. from the top shelf of the teak * * the kidnapping the kidnapping i the glimpse to be caught of the outer world through the wide west entrance of the main building, as a scurrying undergraduate, now and then, leaned sidewise against the heavy door and pushed it back, was not cheering. there was snow upon the ground; snow that lay not white and glistening in a strong light, but smudged and indelicate beneath the low hanging smoke. at either side of the broad, rounded tar walk, now covered with ashen gray ice, paddy's plow had piled the snow in two rows. the maples were gaunt, skeleton-like, and the wind that cried in their branches was chill to the ear and to the cheek. when the thick door was flung back to permit the passage of a youth becomingly dressed for the season in loose trousers that, not infrequently, were rolled into high russet lace boots; closely buttoned coat, above the throat of which rose the blue tower of a sweater collar; or to allow the entrance of a ann arbor tales girl in tam-o'-shanter and furs, her few books hugged close to her breast, the various notices and handbills on the bulletin board at the left of the corridor fluttered, often to be torn from the clips and sent soaring down the hall. on the square marble-topped radiator in the middle of the floor opposite the door of the presi- dent's office sat kerwin. another youth was slouching beside him. kerwin knocked his heavy heels against the pipes of the heater and looked down at his loafing acquaintance with eyes that twinkled unceasingly. kerwin was not beautiful. he was round of face —all but his jaw; that was square. his hair was red and grew in divers “cow licks” that rendered brushing futile. on the backs of his hands, despite the season, were large, circular freckles. the frat. pin he wore on the breast of his blue sweater sug- gested certain of his characteristics with singular precision. it was a kite-shaped affair, bordered with tiny pearls and emeralds, alternating, and the greek letters across the middle were delta psi phi. not by the greek, however, were the owner's characteristics indicated—unless, of course, to ker- win himself—but by the symbols of the order the insignia of which it was and which consisted of a weird, staring, human eye—the “white" enamel, the kidnapping and the “pupil" emerald—, a flat lamp of the sort they are making in germany and digging up in pompeii, and a round, moon-face. the little freshman at the radiator had been eyeing the pin curiously for some minutes. “say,” he said finally, and kerwin looked down. “what p” “tell me the meaning of that eye.” the twinkle grew in kerwin's own. “that!” he exclaimed, burying his chin in the huge collar of the sweater and pulling out the garment like the cuticle of the elastic-skinned boy, the better to examine the badge. “oh, that is the all-seeing eye of the frat. it means that the fellow who wears our pin—it means that i am next, that i'm on—up to the game; that no hot air goes with me. see?” his eyes met the little independent freshman's squarely and soberly. “oh, does it,” the latter replied with interest. “then what does that thing mean p” with a chubby forefinger he indicated the lamp. “now, that's different,” kerwin continued, none the less grave. “that is symbolic of brilliancy. it indicates brilliancy of the highest order. yes, siree; a chap's got to be mighty brilliant to wear that!” ann arbor tales again their eyes met and the little independent's were alight with interest still. “and that p " it was the moon-face at the bottom of the pin that next came in for an ex- planation. the little fellow grinned back at it feelingly. “ah, that's the best of all,” kerwin exclaimed. it was quite as though he were telling a pretty fairy story to a child. “that denotes geniality, joviality, and—there's another ‘ality' in the list, but i've for- gotten it for the moment. you understand, though, don't you?” “oh, yes, i understand.” and then—this is hard to believe—what did that little freshman do but ask: “say, what do you think my chances are of ever wearing a pin like that ?” kerwin almost fell off the radiator. he had heard of freshmen as fresh as this one, but at the stories of such he had always smiled, regarding them as pleasant fictions. recovering, he realized that his duty was to disillusion the youth who awaited his reply, with a look of anxiety in his clear eyes. so — “very slim,” he replied, brutally, sliding off his marble perch. “very slim indeed! you see,” he added, buttoning his coat and measuring with his ann arbor tales waged a valiant fight. campus legend told them that for many years their class ancestors had seen victory wrested from them, once almost at the mo- ment of victory, so in caucus they decided that they had “stood it long enough.” “winning or not,” an enthusiastic speaker cried on that occasion, “we’ll show 'em a few things.” and show them a few things they did, but the things didn't count, in the wholly unexpected inci- dent that occurred, of a sudden, to cast them into confusion, panic, chaos. norse was their “man.” after the first ballot all was rosy for a little minute and then what did norse do but rise in his seat, and with a calm- ness that was appalling withdraw in kerwin's favor! it was a proceeding entirely unprecedented. the jaws of the fraternity men dropped. as for the independents they merely gazed at one another, blinking, their cheeks colorless. in the silence some one with a grain of reason left in working order moved that kerwin's election be made unanimous. the independents forgot to vote. there was not a solitary “nay.” it was the succeeding cheer that aroused the independents finally. they hissed; they wrangled; and a girl was seen quickly to draw away from a group near which she was standing, for a youth with eye- the kidnapping glasses and long hair had used a few words that were hardly delicate. as kerwin was rushed down the room to the rostrum he heard some one ask, with cutting sar- casm, “is norse looking for a bid from your frat.p.” kerwin took no note of the irony, replying, “he ought to have one.” as he stepped behind the chairman's table he turned suddenly, and brought his fist down hard, exclaiming: “by jovel i see now how it was!” “how p” a henchman at his elbow asked, eagerly. “why, i helped out norse in the entrance exam. in geometry. never occurred to me till this minute. he sat next me; told me in the hall geom. was what he was afraid of. i didn't pass him a pony but i gave him a couple of cues. i guess this is his way of repaying me. wait a second.” he broke through the crescent that had formed in front of the table. deserted by all his former champions who, with sneers and dire threats flung in his direction had left, norse still sat by a window at the back, bent over a copy of that day's issue of the u. of m. daily. kerwin went to him and held out his hand, which the other took, grinning. they talked in the kidnapping or you'll show up at the banquet with no hair or an iodine-face, if you even show up at all—" “don't you believe it!” kerwin exclaimed, with rare bravado. “norse said he'd help me if they get funny. he's a husky guy; did you get a good look at him, fellows p i'm not worrying about the inde- pendents any; it's the sophomores i'm going to keep my eyes on. i inferred from what norse said, there's something in the air. if he finds out what it is he'll put me next. we can depend on him, fellows. he's a regular crackerjack!” “well, don't be too sure of yourself,” was the significant warning that caused kerwin to exclaim: “rot! let 'em come—let 'em all come! don't you fellows lie awake nights worrying about little willie. he's old enough to sit up and take notice.” and the crescent in front of the table broke. it was gratitude simply that prompted kerwin to take norse to ypsilanti one evening during the week following and make him known to a miss myrtle green of the normal school. it was obvious to kerwin that norse's ignorance of girls was not due to any disinclination on his part to abolish that state. indeed he seemed to hunger for knowledge on the subject. as for miss green she seemed quite willing to instruct him. he became a regu- lar caller. the other girls learned to speak of him ann arbor tales as “myrtle's steady.” and myrtle seemed agreea- ble that he should continue just that. ii february promised to go out like a thousand lions. toward noon on the twenty-fourth it began to snow, listlessly, at first, but more thickly as night- fall approached. the next morning the townsfolk awoke to find their homes half buried in a white, downy mass as thick as the height of the fences. it was a morning of fine sport. old men and young turned out with a will to clean the walks of the city. it was hard work for strong hands manipulating broad wooden shovels, for so deep was the snow that after a few feeble attempts paddy, the plowman, was forced to give in and urge his plunging horse back to the stable. his plow was useless. the oldest resident experienced such pleasure as had not been his for many years. he reveled in vague recollections of the winter of when the snow—according to him—had fallen “a mite deeper,” and the farmers, living along the main highways, had been compelled to combine their genius and their strength in digging tunnels to the market! that day and the following were clear and crisp. the kidnapping every one wore green spectacles. cases of snow- blindness were numerous; and then, toward even- ing on the twenty-sixth, the mercury, which for thirty-six hours had hovered near the zero-point, began slowly to rise. at midnight a weak, half- hearted rain set in. the next noon, with that mischievousness in which the elements of our zone not infrequently indulge, a strong piercing wind, straight from the north, swept down the state. at seven o'clock that night the common thermometers registered five degrees below zero and a shimmer- ing crust of ice an inch thick lay upon the land. across the fields and over the fences the farmers drove, in heavy bob-sleds, into town. in the south- west corner of the state a new sect was born whose leaders proclaimed the dawn of the age of ice and beseeched the people to look to their souls, before the final congealment of all things. in town a season of gaiety ensued. numbers of art students proceeded to the open spots upon the campus, and, with hatchets, cut out of the crust gigantic caricatures of well-known instructors. with the zeal and yo-heave-ho of lumber-jacks they raised the figures upright supporting them with props, and the campus became, as if by magic, adorned with profile statues of professors! general as was the interest in the unique enter- ann arbor tales tainment a kind nature had provided, there were certain sophomores who, shunning the spectacle afforded by the decorated campus, sought the seclusion of a certain back-room down-town where they evolved a plan of hazing that promised to be entirely overlooked in the interest otherwise oc- casioned. thus far kerwin had not been molested and had begun to think that at least one banquet was to pass without a recurrence of those adventures which for years had made it notable among the events of the college year. “there's too much else to interest them,” he said to norse, one morning in the state street bill- iard hall. “if they were up to any stunts we'd have heard before this, with the banquet coming off day after to-morrow. it's all easy sailing, thanks to the ice.” norse, however, was not so certain. “you can't tell,” he said, with a significant wag of his head. “maybe this keeping-still now means action at the last minute. what do your own freshmen say p" “there's not one in the frat. who thinks they'll attempt anything,” kerwin replied. “and as for the sophomores, they say there's too much going on for them to waste time fooling with a dinky fresh- man toastmaster." the kidnapping norse's doubts were not, however, to be so easily dispelled. “you’d better keep an eye out,” he advised. “i’ll help you all i can. if i get next to anything i'll let you know.” but neither that day nor the day after did he hear a word that sounded in the least suspicious, but on friday he did; and thus wise: at noon he met kerwin again in the billiard hall. the toastmaster drew him to one side. “i’m fixed,” he whispered with a grin of satisfaction. “how p” norse asked. “got my dress suit hid.” “where, in the furnace p" “no; better'n that. you know that built-in closet in my room p yes. well, the top of it is lower than it seems to be from the front, and i've put my suit, and dress-shirt, and all, up there. such a simple way of hiding the stuff they'll never think of, if they get into the room while i'm away.” “anybody know about it?” “not a soul but you.” “good. it does look as if they were going to let you alone, but you can't be too careful the rest of the day. what are you going to do this after- noon p” kerwin was going to do many things; he was ann arbor tales going to be busier than a puppy with a bone, he “you see,” he explained, “i want the affair to go off as smooth as oil; and, by jove, it's going to, if i've got anything to say about it. what were you going to do?” norse had planned to go skating. “go on," kerwin urged, then perceiving that his friend hesitated, he added, slapping him sturdily on the back, “don’t you have any fear for me. go on. i wish i might go but i simply can't; and that's , there is to it.” “if you think it's safe, all right,” norse said. “safe!" kerwin exclaimed, flauntingly. “of course it's safe. go on!” so norse went. it was half-past five, and quite dark, when he clambered over the high iron fence at the michigan central station, and started to climb the slippery state street hill. the chimes, ringing out from the library tower in the crisp air, were clear and genuinely musical. for four hours he had skated over the flats above the pulp-mill. he noted mentally, now, that he would telephone myrtle in the morning and have her come over for the after- noon. skating alone is all very well for exercise, but not much in the way of pleasure, he considered. the kidnapping his skates, dangling from a strap over his shoulder, clinked, musically, as he picked his way with ex- ceeding caution along the icy pavement. a moon was due in an hour and the street-lamps were un- lighted. when he reached the top of the hill and saw ahead of him the street flooded with the golden glow of the store illuminations, he suddenly recalled the box of flash-light powder that he had, till now, forgotten. myrtle had expressed a desire for a picture of her room to send “back home,” and he had promised to take one. he would, he thought, secure a box at once and have done with it. he recalled having read in one of heenan's u. of m. daily advertisements that a full line of photographers' supplies was carried. he noticed several cameras and plate-holders in the window as he entered the store. it was the supper hour and the single salesman was busy with a customer at the rear. she was examining the stock of tissue paper. innumerable rolls lay before her on the table. taking advantage of her indecision, the salesman served norse, then returned to the girl who couldn't quite make up her mind whether she de- sired her lamp-shade to be pink or pale blue. on a table in front of the fireplace, across the store, stood several tall piles of a new and exceed- ingly popular magazine. norse lingered a moment ann arbor tales to read the announcement poster. thus engaged there fell upon his ear the sound of voices. uncon- sciously listening he made out a word now and then of what seemed an earnest conversation carried on in undertone. and then he heard mentioned a name that caused him to start and cast a quick glance to the rear of the store where the salesman was still busy with the girl who could not make up her mind. the speakers whom he could not see were on the other side of the piles of maga- zines, in front of the fireplace. norse craned for- ward, eagerly. he heard a throat cleared, and then these words, quite distinctly: “at seven o'clock, eh? ain't it funny he's not to be at his frat. house p” “no; not under the circumstances,” was the in- definite reply. “he doesn't suspect anything.” norse grinned with sardonic delight. “don’t you think it's a bloomin' long way to take him, billy p” “oh, i don't know,” was the reply. “it ain't over three miles.” every muscle in norse's body was tense, every nerve on edge. “i know,” he heard, “but it's so blasted cold. we don't want him to freeze on our hands.” “he won't. morton lugged an oil stove out there the kidnapping yesterday. we can get some blankets at the livery.” norse felt all hot, yet he shivered. “say.” he held his breath. “what p " he gripped the edge of the table. “do you think the place is really haunted p." could norse, that instant, have given way to the rare delight that overcame him, he would have flung his skates through the great plate-glass win- dow of the store in a very riot of joy. his eyes became all alight. he drew away noiselessly. as he slipped out of the store he was observed neither by the interested clerk nor by the two stocky young men to whose conversation he had listened with such rapt attention, and who, that instant, stepped from behind the counter into the aisle. before they reached the door he was speeding up state street, past tut's, past the congregational church, past the first ward school, past newberry hall, thoughtless of the icy pavement, and, appar- ently, of the fact that a slip might mean the failure of the plan he outlined as he ran. iii kerwin's fraternity house stood on a prominent o ann arbor tales corner three blocks above the book-store. norse rushed up the steps and inside without stopping to take breath. there was no one in the smoking- room; that is to say, no one but a high school pledgling, who sat in front of the fire, reading, and pledglings don't count. “is kerwin here p” norse gasped, leaning heav- ily against the door. the youth at the fire turned, nonchalantly, and removing a cigarette from between his lips, as calmly as though panting freshmen with obviously loaded minds were but ordinary phenomena, re- plied: “no. saw him going out just as i came in. said he wouldn't be back to dinner.” “where did he go?” “no idea.” the pledgling flecked the ash from his cigarette. “well, i'm going up to his room a minute,” norse cried, turning back into the hallway. “told you he isn't there!” the infant called after him; but norse did not seem to hear. he knew the location of kerwin's room from previous visits. now he found it deserted. he perceived all the appointments with one sweep of his eyes—the signs, the tennis-net draped between the front windows and sagging with photographs, the kidnapping the huge japanese umbrella dependent from the ceiling with many little favors and a multitude of dance cards dangling from the rim, the black-oak study-table, the swivel chair in front of it, the comedy club poster on the door, and the closet that projected rudely into the room. a hand-bag lay on the floor in a corner. norse did not pause to reflect, as, being the leading man in a stirring melodrama, he should have done. he acted without reflection, mechanically almost; but when he started back down the stairs, which he took in three leaps, he carried the hand-bag, stuffed, now, and fat. “what you got there p" the pledgling called as the figure passed the smoking-room. norse did not waste breath replying. the library clock was striking six as he issued into the street. he had the work of an hour to ac- complish in twenty-five minutes. some freshmen, under the circumstances, would have gritted their teeth and cursed. norse only gritted his teeth, for he was of another sort. up south university avenue to washtenaw he ran. there, on the northwest corner, was a huge stone, set, doubtless, to prevent delivery boys from running their wagons over the curbing. the wind had blown the snow clear of this stone and norse sank upon it, half ann arbor tales exhausted. he proceeded to fix his skates to the soles of his heavy shoes without waiting to regain his breath. he stood up to test the clamps. they gripped viciously. ahead lay the road, gleaming in the pale light. norse smiled. through the handles of the satchel he passed the skate strap and thrust his head through the loop, that the bag might swing against his back. he dug the point of one skate into the gritty crust, struck out with long, even strokes, and began a swift ascent of the scott hill on the middle road to ypsilanti. iv fifteen years ago there were four distinct and widely separated haunted houses in the vicinity of ann arbor. one, in west huron street, was for years pointed out to naughty children as the home of the original bogey man. on an occasion,-so the story goes—three seniors resolved to spend a night in the ticklish place for the purpose of de- termining scientifically the causes of the strange knockings and human groans that previous tenants had complained of. the results of their investiga- tions were never known. the seniors were never seen again! that is the tale. the circulation of it tended to make their abiding-place secure to the spirits for the kidnapping many years. but at last an owner braver than those before him, and fortified by innumerable ex- pressions of contempt in which a picturesque and virile profanity played a leading part, proceeded without more ado to raze the ancient structure to the ground. his action gave rise to a second story. it became generally understood that the spirits, their own home gone, joined forces with the ghostly occu- pants of the second haunted house in nightly carry- ings-on. then this house was rent asunder. thus it went until the time of this story when there remained but one authentic haunted house in town. its location added to the mystery supposed to surround it. it capped a bleak hill on the left of the so-called “middle road” to ypsilanti. behind it loomed a dense wood and to the right and left stretched dreary fields, deserted save by the gophers and chipmunks whose superstition seemed not to warrant their leaving the premises after establishing or disestablishing the presence of ghostly occupants in the bleak house on the hill. the place was consistently pointed out to stran- gers as the midnight carnival-ground of the devil and his imps, and it was further gravely averred that horses shied in passing after nightfall. such was the weird spot to which norse, inde- ann arbor tales pendent freshman, skated, one freezing night, on the crust of that famous winter, to save a friend from the hands of the enemy. at the bottom of the hill he stopped to recon- noitre. the blue-black of the heavens seemed strangely less dense above the house. now and then a weird shimmer passed back and forth across the ragged wall. no light shone anywhere. several of the windows gaped black, like open mouths, waiting to devour. others were boarded. up the path from the gate the door careened on one rotting hinge. in the summer this path was a shallow of tangled weeds, but now the crust lay level across it. norse advanced stealthily to the open door. the silence was thick. he removed his skates and tiptoed within. a breath of wind whistled through the warped clap-boards and the old house sighed. tumbling stairs led to the floor above. stooping, and feeling the steps ahead of him, he ascended. at the top of the flight he struck a match, shield- ing the flame with his curved palm. in the faint illumination he perceived the second story to con- sist of two connecting rooms of unequal size with the larger at the front. against the rear wall of the back room stood an old bin, at one time probably the kidnapping used for storing grain. in the corner of the front room was an oil stove; near it, a can. lighting another match norse deposited the satchel and his skates in the bin and tested the cover. the hinges did not creak and seemed firm. he looked at his watch. it was half-past seven. he went into the front room and crouching, peered through a crack between the boards of the window. as far as he could see in either direc- tion the road was deserted. a pale moon was rising behind black clouds. in all probability kerwin would be accompanied by two—possibly three—kidnappers. he would be bound, of course, and, more than likely, gagged. his guard would observe the greatest care. he would not be misused. norse ceased procrastinating. he realized that in one hour the representative freshmen would be gathering around the banquet board, spread in nickels hall on state street, away back in town. undetermined as to the means of accomplishment he was none the less conscious of the work that lay before him. it rested with him—with him, alone —to produce the toastmaster at the banquet, if not at its beginning, in time, at least, to announce the first toast. he heard a slight scraping noise outside and ann arbor tales crouching peered through the crack again. that instant the thin moon mounted the bank of clouds and cast a ghostly light upon the scene. a hack on runners had drawn up at the gate. the door was opened from within and two men alighted. one of them stood at the step while the other held a whispered conversation with the driver; then, with his companion, he helped a third man out of the carriage. the hack drew away at once, turned and started back in the direction of to wn. the young man at the window could not dis- tinguish the features of the two men supporting a third between them who seemed to be hobbled, for the brims of their hats were pulled low over their faces. save for the slight crunch as the trio ad- vanced toward the house there was no sound. norse tiptoed back into the smaller room. he held out his arms and his fingers touched the corner of the grain-bin. he heard footsteps that advanced, then stopped, on the floor below. he heard the crack of a match as it was struck. he lifted the cover of the bin carefully, threw one leg over the edge, felt the floor under his foot, drew the other leg after him, and sank, lowering the lid as he did so, like a trap-door. the bin was sufficiently large to permit of sitting the kidnapping with a certain degree of comfort. with his fingers he detected several cracks in the front wall. by twisting he could bring his eyes to the level of them. groping he touched the hand-bag with his right hand and drew it nearer. the next moment he heard the stairs creak. he held his breath as the trio entered the room in front. one of them carried a dark lantern and in the pale illumination it afforded, norse recognized kerwin's captors and smiled. kerwin was blindfolded. the gag he wore was a tightly twisted handkerchief drawn taut through his mouth and tied behind. his hands were tied at his back. the taller of the kidnappers carried two horse blankets over his arm, one of which he flung upon the floor beside the oil stove. his companion set the lantern in the corner and stoop- ing in front of the stove proceeded to light it. kerwin stood in the middle of the floor. the man who had spread the blanket came around in front of him and placing a hand on either shoulder pushed him back. bumping him into the wall he bore down upon him growling in a voice obviously as- sumed and grossly piratical: “sit there!” kerwin slumped upon the blanket. the stove lighted, the kidnappers squatted in front of it and one of them produced a pipe and pouch of tobacco. ann arbor tales striking a match he said: “well, how d'ye like the banquet p” kerwin shook his head. “let's take out that gag; he dassent yell,” pro- posed the second outlaw. “aw right. -- they untied the handkerchief. kerwin had worn it so long it was difficult at first for him to get his mouth back into its normal shape. for an instant his face resembled that of a gargoyle. “cold p” he was asked. “a little,” he replied. there was an utter ab- sence of rancor in his tone. the bandit nearest him drew the second blanket over his legs. “say, won't you fellows tie my hands in front of me. . . . i'm sittin' on 'em and they feel as though they were dead. -- “sure we will, turn over." he offered no resistance. “you sure you ain't cold p. . . . we don't want you to catch cold.” ." no, i'm not cold,” the captive replied. silence ensued which lasted some minutes. finally one of them ventured, glancing over his shoulder: “well, we ain't seen any ghosts yet, have we, billy?" the kidnapping “nope,” was the dogged reply. billy extended his leg and kicked kerwin on the ankle. “ever in a haunted house before ?” he asked. “not that i remember,” kerwin answered. “guess you'd remember if you had been,” sug- gested billy. “used to be one down in my town about six years ago. fellow murdered there once, they said. funniest things used to happen. a hand would open the doors in front of you. you could see the tracks of a man's bare-feet in the dust when you went up-stairs. p- - “aw, shut up, billy, cancha! ” his companion muttered edging near him. “what's the use talkin' such stuff?” “why, i was just tellin' you,” billy replied, de- fensively. “i never took any stock in the stories, but one day, a fellow by the name of thurber– hank thurber, regular dare-devil sort of chap— swore he'd spend the night in that house or die in the attempt. next morning he didn't show up. the town marshal went to find him. he found him all right. it was in one of the up-stairs' rooms, and there he sat in a busted chair, stone dead, with his fishy eyes staring at a hole in the wall. they got a bundle of old letters out of the hole. seems it was a sort of secret cupboard in the first place, and ann arbor tales had been plastered over. that wasn't all though; they found thurber's dog jammed into the fire- place of a room down-stairs, with his neck broken. - “good heavens! billy! billy! what was that!" the story-teller caught himself quickly and he and his companion turned frightened eyes upon each other. in that moment's stillness they noted that the wind had freshened. something creaked somewhere. billy clutched his companion's leg. “what was it?” his whisper rasped, “thought i heard something click. . . .” “sure p" “sure's i'm sittin' here. . . .” “where'd it seem to come from p. " “i dunno; thought it was—in there.” he indi- cated the little room behind with a jerk of his head, “aw, 'twasn't anything; old rusty nail snapped, probably, in the wind.” billy swaggered with a monstrous assumption of bravery. there was more silence for a moment, then billy went on: “i was just tellin' you bout that haunted house down home. ** “say, billy, shut up, cancha º i don't care a darn 'bout that haunted house, i'm -- “come off! you ain't really afraid of ghosts, are you?” the kidnapping “well, maybe i ain’t, but . . .” “what's the matter with you, anyway?" “never you mind, i —” he broke off suddenly and his face went ashy pale. “did you see that p” he cried. “did you see that! like a blue flame!” he got upon his feet unsteadily. his mouth was open; his eyes were staring. “why, what's the matter? you ain't drunk, are you? what did you see—?” “see / look / " billy wheeled like a flash. a light of dazzling brilliancy shone for an instant, and in the smaller room, through the doorway of which they gazed as though transfixed, floated a gossamer of unholy, blue smoke. then, before the instant became an aeon, they saw rise, as though from the very heart of the dazzle, the upper-half of a white, shrouded form. one arm waved sweepingly toward them. before the aeon died an unearthly screech rent the silence, followed by a scuffle and thug as both youths rushed down the stairs. they sped into the road and the deep shadows of the woods swal- lowed them. v blindfolded, kerwin had seen nothing, but the ann arbor tales dazzle had pierced the covering of his eyes and he had felt the light, and he had heard. his head was like thistle-down borne on the wings of a zephyr. he attempted to move, to call out. a deadly nausea overcame him. he realized that he was fainting. then, of a sudden, his melting senses took form again, as he heard a familiar voice cry: “kerwin, old chap! . . . by jove! we'll fool 'em yet, if you hurry!” and at that the handkerchief was torn from his eyes and he looked up blinking into the beaming countenance of norse. norse did not wait to explain. he cut the twine binding his friend's hands and flung down the satchel within the circle of the lantern light. “what are you looking at p” he asked, tersely, stooping to open the bag and noting kerwin's steady gaze fixed upon him. “for heaven's sake what have you got on /" “what . . . got . . .” and norse burst out laughing. “what have i got on p” he cried. “i’ve got on your dress-shirt — made me look more like a ghost.” he whipped the garment off. “and now you get into it just as quick as you can!" he added. the kidnapping for a brief moment a light of puzzlement lingered in kerwin's eyes. “here's the collar and tie.” norse handed them to him. “and here's your dress-suit— you see i overheard them talking it over — i looked for you — then i came out here — i'd a box of flash-light powder in my pocket— that's all. i thought it was all up when they heard the satchel click. you see i'd opened it to get out your shirt. i had to put a good deal of trust in provi- dence! -- “but norsey “never mind talking! hustle, man! hustle!" “i know, but in “there; there are your trousers. . . . freeze if it wasn't for that stove, eh? thoughtful of them, wasn't it? here's your vest! what's the matter? can't you button your collar p scott, man, you've got to hustle! touched her off just the right time, eh? worked themselves all up talking about that other haunted . . . here's your coat! say, you've got to hustle to make it; there's not over twenty minutes to spare! .” “but, norsey, it's no use. i can't get back to town in twenty minutes. why, it will take two hours, walking over that crust. pr “you’re not going to walk.-gad! here, let the kidnapping around here!” he exclaimed. “around here / great heavens, man! they're a million miles from here and runnin' yet if they're still alive and not scared to death. you ready ?" kerwin slung the satchelover his shoulder. “am i all right?” he asked. norse stepped back and regarded him curiously, a little smile playing around his mouth. kerwin's face was very grimy. it looked almost black in the shadow above the white shirt-bosom, and there were three or four unmistakable smudges on that. moreover it was a cold night for a man to skate three or four miles in evening clothes. “my! you look funny!” norse laughed. “but what's the difference p” he added. “come on. . . .” taking him by the arm he steadied him down the creaking stairs. “now you can go it like the wind, right up to the door of nickles,” he said at the gate. “are you ready ?” kerwin dug the toe of his right skate into the crust and crouched like an animal about to spring. “go!” for a moment his body was poised like a blot above the brow of the hill, then it disappeared. norse heard his name shouted. he ran forward and peered down. “what's up p” he called. ann arbor tales “nothing. i just wanted to say i'll suggest the toast “the kidnapping' and then you'll tell the whole tale. it'll make 'em look like a postage stamp. . . ." norse laughed. “why, i'm not going to your darn banquet,” he said. “not going! the idea! you are, too, going." “no, i'm not,” norse contended, “i’ve got some- thing else to do. * * “what?” “i’ve got to go over to ypsilanti and tell miss green i can't take that picture of her room till next week. i'm as near there now as i am home. . . .” before kerwin could call to him again he turned on his heel and walked away. fifty yards along he glanced back over his shoulder. what he saw caused a sort of mephisto- phelian grin to curve his lips. smoke, like a billowy veil in the moonlight, was rolling from the unboarded windows of the haunted house, and through the cracks he glimpsed the dance of flames. “the stove must have been kicked over in the shuffle,” he muttered, unctuously. a moment he stood there watching the growth of the fire, then, resolutely turning his face to the east, he moved on down the icy road. the champions the champions o lack, of confidence in the other, that evenly bal- anced the other's really splendid confidence in himself. when first nibs had expressed his intention of posting a challenge to billy shaw on the bulletin board in the main hall, jimmy had sniffed and sneered derisively. “what's the use making a jack of yourself p” he asked. “who's going to ?” nibs replied, tartly. “you are. he'll beat you by a rod,” was the cool retort. “don’t you believe it.” “well, i do.” “you needn't.” “all right; we'll see.” and jimmy did see, and it was a glorious sight— a splendid picture of a righteous triumph in which the best man won; to revel in the joy of victory a space, and then to meet, and join in combat, with a foeman vastly worthier of his steel. for, in spite of jimmy's discouragement—which could not have been that, really, and perhaps was not even meant for that—nibs posted the challenge. it was written in huge letters, that all who ran might read, and was made doubly conspicuous, by its poster style, among the score or more announce- o ann arbor tales ments of class-meetings, conferences, and graduate- events that fluttered with it on the board. nibs hung up the challenge one evening while the janitor's back was turned. he carried it into the corridor folded beneath his coat. satisfied that they were not observed, he drew it out and spread it upon the long, marble-topped radiator, and in- vited the criticism of jimmy, the which jimmy was not loth to utter. “big as a barn, eh?” he said, sniffing. “but i want him surely to see it,” the author of the broadside replied, tilting his head and viewing his work admiringly in the dim light of the slim chandelier above. “well, i'm still thinking you're a fool,—a blamed big fool.” “don’t you think he'll accept p” nibs asked eagerly, passing lightly over jimmy's expression of what appeared at least superficially to be a definite opinion. “of course he will, that's just it; he'll see it and he'll accept it, and he'll beat the life out of you,” was the discouraging rejoinder. “hurry, hang it up," he added, “i don't want to wait here all night." and jimmy slouched away in the direction of the great door. so the document challenging billy shaw to run the champions lo against nibs morey in state street, on the evening of october nineteenth, at seven o'clock, was forth- with tacked upon the board to the complete con- cealment of one bill announcing the publication of the palladium, and another displayed to notify the scornful that the dramatic club would—at an early date—repeat its marvelously successful and deli- cately artistic performance of “among the break- ers.” “there! i guess he'll take notice, now!” ex- claimed the joyous nibs, stepping back from the board, and gazing at the poster proudly. “and so will all the university,” replied jimmy, not, however, without a secret pride in the valor of his friend, after all; for billy shaw, the prospective opponent, had brought with him to ann arbor a country record for swift running that was not to be considered lightly, even by a sprinter of the attain- ments of nibs morey. all efforts to match the two had thus far failed. it was nibs' zeal, purely, though tempered, of course, by his fine conceit, that prompted the post- ing of the challenge now—a zeal to prove—perhaps to jimmy, more than to the others—his wisdom, and the justification of his own abundant confi- dence. and the challenge thus publicly offered achieved the end that nibs had hoped it might. o ann arbor tales there is record in undergraduate history of the excitement that prevailed upon the campus the day after its publication. no one seemed to doubt billy shaw's acceptance of it. he would have to run now, or ever after hold his peace,—they said— an alternative not to the relish of a youth of his temperament. and he did accept the challenge, and he did run; and bets were made, and money was won and lost, all to the undying credit of alma mater, who looked on, smiling, proud of her sons in their glorious youth, their honor and their prowess. ii for a week, now, the gown had been speculating; placing its bets with the town eagerly, enthusiastic- ally, and many of those bets—sad to relate—were on the wrong side of the book, so far as nibs morey was concerned. when jimmy, learning the way of the wind, informed his friend of the odds against him, with all the coldness of a perfect enmity, nibs experienced his first twinge of uneasiness. for the gown, loyal to its foreign upholder, billy—in the excess of its patriotism and without regard to pos- sible consequences such as unpaid laundry bills, and staved-off tailor accounts—had wagered against poor nibs, who, though he was of the gown, can- loé ann arbor tales of study, begged off from going “down town,” he had dressed himself in a thin undershirt, loose, full breeches and spiked shoes, and wrapped in a bath- robe and crouching in the shadow, had sought the solemn, ghostly cemetery, there to run among the white stones, glistening in the pale light, to his full heart's content. later, on those same nights, tired out, he had sneaked back to his room unobserved in the silent streets. no, jimmy did not know of this strenuous course of nibs' training. he knew his legs were wiry, elastic, to be sure; but how wiry, how elastic, he did not dream. and though deride him he did, in his cheerful confidence and self-as- surance, when, on the monday following their meet- ing in nat's low-ceiled bar-room, a particularly ven- turesome sophomore laid him a wager of five to three on billy, jimmy took the shorter end of the bet with amazing alacrity. during the week immediately preceding the day for which the race was set, interest in the event in- creased with the passage of the hours. posey's billiard-room on main street became the betting- green, where town met gown, and gown flung its challenges into the teeth of town, which town at first snarled at, but eventually bit into and clung to tenaciously. once, during the tempestuous seven days, nibs the champions encountered billy face to face. the latter was leav- ing the president's office; nibs was approaching the door. as their eyes met, a spark flashed between them, and their faces became hard and set. there were several loiterers in the corridor who witnessed the meeting, and one of these, “pinkey" bush—a law- yer in chicago now, never tires of recalling the in- cident. you have but to mention it to him to hear him say, with a brilliant twinkle in his eye: “gad! it was great! simply great! there they stood, face to face; nibsey, long, thin as a lath, glaring down at billy, who was shorter, but just as gaunt. their eyes gleamed like new shoe buttons, and their hands were clenched tight at their sides. a second p it seemed an age! they didn't speak; just drilled little wells in each other's eyes with their own—and it was over. the door of the president's office closed upon nibsey; the big west door rattled shut after billy. it was like a dissolving view—great, while it lasted, but soon ended. i thought every instant—and held my breath—that one of 'em would shoot out his fist and land it on the other's jaw. no reason, of course; but it wouldn't have surprised any of us who saw the meeting, if one or the other had.” two days before the race, the entire student body lo ann arbor tales became divided in its sympathy; wordy quarrels were hourly occurrences on the campus; nor were bodily assaults infrequent. the next day the excitement was as tense as the air before a cyclone. a million pounds of young animal spirits, the highest explosive known to sci- ence, were encased in delicate human bottles, need- ing but a jar to touch them off. at six o'clock, men passing in the streets gazed mad-eyed at one another, their jaws set square, their lips drawn tight across their teeth. iii friday came, eventually, as fridays have a way of doing, and it came like a breath from the north- land where ice and snow and cold are. the air set one's teeth on edge and one's flesh a-tingling, but there was no frost. that was destined to come a week later, and, over night, convert the summer into the pageant of autumn, the scarlet king at its head, his crimson, gold and purple banners flaunting gaily. when nibs appeared on the campus in the morn- ing, he was besieged by a horde of the faithful, who wanted to know if the weather was “going to make any difference.” “you bet it won't; not to me,” he replied, with a the champions sort of vocal swagger, and with a marked enuncia- tory underlining of the pronoun. “you don't mean to say you're going to prance up and down state street in those dinky flapping white pants of yours, bare-legged, in such weather as this, do you?” inquired jimmy, with a most per- ceptible sneer in his voice. “yes, i am. i shan’t think of the cold,” was the brave reply. “rah! rah! rah! nibsey!” yelled a little pug- nosed freshman on the edge of the crowd, and the cry was taken up lustily. “oh, shut up, you fellows,” said nibs, blushing; “leave your yelling till after the race, can't you?” but he sensed an expansion of his chest, just the same, an expansion that, for the moment, made his waistcoat feel uncomfortably tight. meanwhile, billy shaw was being besieged in pre- cisely the same manner at another point on the campus. with considerable less than nibs' brag- gadocio he informed his followers and backers that so far at least as he was concerned, there would be no postponement of the race. and he, too, was cheered forthwith. thurston hubert, a law, large with importance,— he had been chosen to fire the pistol for the start— was in the little crowd that surged around billy. he o ann arbor tales gave it as his opinion that the weather was “great for a running event—simply great.” but by six o'clock the mischievous mercury had dropped another five degrees. they were a muffled, overcoated lot of young men, who, an hour later, began to gather in state street. from all directions they came, and they formed in double line from the psi upsilon house to the end of the course, precisely one-quarter of a mile. waiting, they shouted, jeered one another, spoke disrespectfully of a whimsical nature that had given them without warning so keen a touch of winter, and otherwise disported as college men have a way of doing, when they are waiting for something to occur. along the outer edge of the street's double course were many vehicles, for the town's interest in the extensively advertised event was almost as great as the gown's; and in that day the lines between the two were not so closely drawn as they are now. girls, there were, waiting in several of the car- riages; young women of the institution; serious- faced girls, but still girls, and being such, interested in deeds of prowess, and devoted, with a sort of holy devotion, to the doers, as were the women of greece in the olden time. ann arbor tales ton hubert, he whose function it was to fire the pistol, his hat cocked over one ear, a cigarette be- tween his lips, the smoke of which he artistically exhaled through his nostrils without removing the tube—a feat that none but an upperclassman is known ever to have accomplished. billy was wrapped in a blue and green bath-robe, the hem of which was not deep enough to hide his bare, big-boned ankles. he wore his spiked, soft shoes, and had walked from his room—not without some little triumph—in the middle of the street. he was bareheaded, as was nibs. the latter's lank form was enveloped in a great mackintosh with a deep cape. he carried his run- ning shoes in his hand. as the two came face to face at the starting point their eyes met a second time, and again a challenge leaped between them. in the excitement attendant upon their arrival the crowd did not take notice of the little things, and the significance of that meeting and the look was lost. that is, lost to all but one man—whom no one knew; a stranger, who thus far had looked on smiling. he had crossed the street some ten min- utes before and joined the crowd unobserved. he had spoken only once. when the throng cheered the president he had touched on the arm a youth the champions who stood beside him, and asked, “who's that p” informed, he had continued to smile saying, “i thought so; ” at the same time taking a cigar from his waistcoat pocket and lighting it. he was tall, this stranger, and his face was long and thin, but not unhandsome, for his eyes were brown and gentle. his little, flat hat sat close upon his head. of unusual height, his lengthy legs were concealed by the long light overcoat he wore. from his shoulder, by a strap, after the manner of the day, dangled a fat hand-bag. he had not cheered thus far. he had only smiled and pulled at his cigar, sending up huge feathery clouds of opalescent smoke. leaning forward now, he glanced along the line to the starting point. the moment had arrived. the contestants had flung off their wrappings and stood forth in their trappings. it made one shiver to see them; clothed only in their gauze, sleeveless shirts, and the white flapping breeches of the sport. hubert and jimmy conferred aside, while the bare-legged mercurys stood, now on one foot, now on the other, blowing in their hands, and flinging their arms transversely across their breasts to coun- teract the cold. the crowd cried its impatience. the stranger craned forward again. ann arbor tales “back up!” called hubert. “keep back down there, you fellows!" and the crowd obeyed, form- ing a splendid gantlet of spirited youth. the contestants took their places side by side. hubert's arm rose, and seeing the pistol pointed heavenward several of the young women in the carriages screwed their fingers into their ears. “ready!” there was a dead silence. the arms of the champions shot forward and back, rigid. “settl” like perfect machines, they crouched at the word with one accord. at the crack of the pistol there was a swift in- taking of breath along the lines. as they shot forward the double ranks of the gantlet fell together like a house of cards and the crowd surged upon the heels of the runners. the president had proceeded to the end of the course. looking back he saw them coming. he saw them straining, neck and neck, the nerves and cords below their ears standing out round, like ropes. he saw their lips drawn back, thin and livid over gritted teeth. he saw their bulging eyes, eyes that in turn saw nothing; and he heard the crowd at the rear. closer and closer—they seemed abreast—and then —and then — the champions a scant fifteen feet from the string, nibs morey leaped and plunged forward. such a spurt had never before been seen on state street. even the president, flinging aside his well-worn dignity, cheered on the long, lank figure, which hurled itself that instant across the string, and fell limp and panting into his open arms! “well done, my boy,” he cried,—“and you, too!” this to billy, who was upon him a fine fraction of a second later. “you are both cham- pions,—i am proud of you.” and as they relaxed, weak and faint, he seized a hand of each in his own and shook them strongly. then he threaded his way back through the seeth- ing crowd that had come up. cheer upon cheer rent the atmosphere—cheers for nibs, and cheers for billy, who had done his best and failed, with greater honor to him, than if he had won without effort. iv at the bottom of the course, with the long- heralded event slipping with the moments into history, and surrounded by their cheering fellow- collegians, the eyes of the contestants met again, nor did they waver, nor did a challenge leap be- tween them. they smiled; their hands shot forth ann arbor tales with one accord, met and clutched, and it was then that another cheer arose unlike those that had gone before—a cheer that was a cheer. as it ended, jimmy hulburt, in a moment of fine frenzy, for him, cried: “i’m willing to bet ten dollars at two to one that nibsey morey can beat anybody runnin' that walks! ” even that brave if paradoxical cry was cheered, and the sportive jimmy looked about him valiantly. he felt a hand upon his arm in another instant and heard a voice above him. lifting his eyes, he looked up into the stranger's face. “what was your bet?” the soft voice inquired. jimmy repeated it, none the less vigorously, at the same time pushing back to survey the uncouth figure of the man in the long coat, with a satchel dangling from his shoulder. “i’ll take it,” the stranger said, simply. some one laughed, another called: “shut up." as for jimmy, he only stared at the absurd person before him, who had with such aggravating non- chalance picked up the glove that he had so bravely flung down. “are you a student here p” he asked. “l entered today,” was the reply, spoken in the same calm tones. the champions “where you from ?” “niles.” “so you want to take that bet?” “i’m willing.” he smiled most exasperatingly. “when do you want to run ?” “suit yourself.” “say,” jimmy exclaimed, perhaps a shade angrily, “are you fooling p to hear you talk anybody'd think you wanted to run now.” “that would be all right. i will run now.” the laughter became general. the stranger only pulled at his cigar more quickly. “where are your togs p” jimmy inquired scorn- fully. “i've got them on.” so saying he flung back his overcoat. he was ordinarily dressed. the laughter broke out afresh. jimmy hesitated just one instant. “wait a moment, may be we can fix up a race,” he cried, and pushing through the crowd he ran across the street to a confectionery store, where nibs had gone with billy for a soda. he burst in upon them out of breath. he told them of the wise fool over the way who needed a tuck taken in him. “will you run, nibsey p come on,” he cried. nibs looked at billy. ann arbor tales “do it, do it,” the latter urged. “all right,” nibs agreed, and arm in arm with his backer he issued into the street, clutching his mackintosh about him. the stranger had, meanwhile, walked back along the course followed by a great throng, anxious to witness what to them promised to be a fiasco of immense proportions. only three carriages had waited. the occupants perceiving the crowd at the lower end of the street had lingered for develop- ments. in one of the carriages was nibs morey's sister wilma. she called a youth to the wheel and questioned him concerning the throng which still surged in the street. the freshman explained gaily. “and will nibs run that great tall thing?” the girl inquired anxiously. “oh, don't you worry, miss morey,” the little freshman replied consolingly. “he'll beat him so far he won't know he's running.” “but he's all tired out,” she expostulated. “oh, no, he isn't. only a little over a hundred yards.” a cry rang out just then, down the course, and wilma, turning, caught a glimpse of her brother, surrounded by his supporters—and all the crowd supported him now—approaching the start. she was moved to call him, to demand his instant the champions withdrawal from this silly, useless race; but her voice—this she realized—would not have been heard above the shouting. she sank back upon the seat, her face flushed, her forehead furrowed with little lines, her fingers locking and unlock- ing. some one had stopped just behind the carriage. afterward she was wont to say she had “felt" the presence; for, looking around and down, her eyes met those of the stranger. his were the first to drop before her unflinching, flashing gaze. why he had stopped just there, the centre of a little group of the curious, he could never explain. it was only an in- stant, merely for the exchange of that glance per- haps, for he moved on again almost immediately, up the course, half running, stepping high, grace- fully. the double lines of spectators now were not so long nor so thick as they had been; nor did they manifest those signs of interest that had marked the earlier event. at the start, the tall stranger removed neither his long overcoat nor his satchel. his cigar had gone out, but he still held it, cold, between his teeth. little thurston, who was to fire the pistol a second time, exclaimed, amazedly: “aren't you goin' to take off those things p” o ann arbor tales “no, guess not,” was the cool reply. “what's the use ! ” nibsey morey, billy shaw and jimmy exchanged glances; billy smiled outright. “say," jimmy snapped somewhat angrily. “let’s get a hustle on and end this—you willing p” he nodded toward the stranger. “quite.” “then—ready " cried the starter. again two figures, sadly matched, crouched at the start. another second and the pistol cracked. following the report, there was a little instant of dead silence in the street, then there broke forth pandemonium, for half way down the course, his coat tails flying, his satchel standing out behind, the cold cigar gripped tight between his teeth, the stranger led nibs morey by a rod. twenty-five feet from the string, he turned, and running back- ward, beckoned with a crooked forefinger to the straining mercury that he faced. - not in all undergraduate history is there recorded an event which created more excitement on the campus after its occurrence than this. nibs morey had defeated billy shaw; and a stran- ger who had sprung from the earth had defeated nibs as no man before had ever been defeated. the case of catherwood the case of catherwood “stop " the command from the rostrum brought the class up in their seats. every eye was bent upon cather- wood standing at the end of a bench in the second row. some one snickered. catherwood stared at the floor, a blush of shame mounting his cheek and melting into his thin, bristly red hair at his freckled temples. the assistant professor of history glared through his spectacles. “ladies and gentlemen,” he exclaimed, “this is most unseemly! mr. catherwood, you may be seated! i should advise you, ladies and gentlemen, to devote a little more time to this course; and a little less, perhaps, to the junior hop. i am sure you do not wish me to make general the mailing of conditions next week. as you know the examina- tion is set for nine o'clock on the morning of february th. i trust you will act upon the sug- gestion i have given you. pz ann arbor tales the gong in the corridor clanged just then and the class shuffled out of the room. shunning his acquaintances in the hall cather- wood disappeared. the blush did not recede from his face until he banged the wide door shut behind him and the cold of the crisp february morning smote him full. he walked swiftly down williams street to his room, not once lifting his eyes from the pavement, which was dirty white from the much trampled snow. another flunk! the third in as many weeks! catherwood with a muttered imprecation reviewed the succession of class-room disasters. “confound history!” he growled as he strode into his room. he flung his books upon the bed and himself into the deep morris chair by the window. a sparrow was hopping on the porch roof without. he rattled the window violently and the sparrow flew away in fright. “go it, you imp,” he snarled; and again he con- demned all history and its study to the deepest depths. it was bad. the assistant professor had been lenient, but fate seemed to have composed that par- ticular section of every history hater in the junior class. the case of catherwood catherwood realized this—or thought he did—as he sat staring out of the windows into the skeleton branches of the trees, and from the thought he ob- tained a modicum of consolation. he had worked. he had worked hard—but for some unknown reason he couldn't bite into the course, couldn't dig his teeth into the subject. he did not fear; on the contrary he was certain—as certain as a man can be—that his semester's work in class-room was of sufficiently high a grade to as- sure him his full credit in the course. and yet, he considered, there was the examination, five days away. in two hours he would be required to write out in a thin “blue book” all he was supposed to have learned in twenty weeks. he ruminated. how much of what he had learned had stopped in his head p. he asked himself this, seriously, then smiled. he confessed to himself that he had worked merely from recitation to recitation with no effort to hold the subjects in that mathematical brain of his that caused his forehead to bulge. and the examination only five days away! as he reviewed the situation catherwood's brow darkened and he scowled. for a space he twiddled his large thumbs and glared at a horse hitched to a grocery wagon across the street. ann arbor tales “i wish you'd freeze,” he muttered viciously to the horse; but of course the horse did not hear for the window was down. catherwood counted his flunks on his fingers. five; five clean, perfect flunks, altogether, he re- called. not so bad, he considered; that is, not so very bad. but there before him like a great monster with dripping jaws and green, slimy body, was the ex- amination; and it was creeping, creeping upon him with the passage of the minutes. he stood up and shook himself nervously. from the window he saw the assistant professor approaching his home next door. he carried sev- eral bulky volumes in his arms, hugged to his breast lovingly. catherwood watched him sourly. there was the man, he mused, in whose hands— now covered with gray-striped woolen mittens— lay his fate! pretty serious business—one's fate ly- ing in hands covered with gray-striped woolen mittens. the courses in mathematics catherwood did not fear; nor those in shop work; not the one in elocu- tion, to be sure, for that was a snap; nor yet the two in political economy; indeed, those were rather fun. but history! ugh! the case of catherwood the assistant professor turned in at the gate of his house next door, and as he vanished the scowl fled from catherwood's brow and his face lighted. he would drop in on the assistant professor within the week and call. admirable! he won- dered if the date might be anywhere reasonably near the birthday of one of his children. a box of sweets might work wonders; a china headed doll greater wonders. he marveled that the idea had never before occurred to him. and, too, he considered, there was the president. the president! ah, that would be different. there were no little tads in the president's family. then he quickly re- called having read in the 'varsity news of the day before that the president was in the east and would not return until the thirteenth. three days after! futile—absolutely futile! and catherwood scowled again and stared out the window, idly twisting his trunk-check watch fob. he saw the assistant professor's wife on the walk below with the little mary. it was the psychological moment and catherwood recognized it. snatching his hat from the book rack he plunged down the stairs. he pulled him- o ann arbor tales self together at the door and stepped, unconcern- edly, out upon the porch. “good-morning, mrs. lowe,” he called quite gaily. “ah, and there's little mary—sweet child. come here, mary, won't you?” he squatted in the snow at the gate and held out his hands to her. she ran to him with a little cry of delight. the mother's face was radiant. “oh, good-morning, mr. catherwood,” she called. he smiled and nodded. on the instant he made a vague calculation of the value of mrs. lowe's good-will. he flung his arms around the child and lifted her clear of the walk to her great delight as attested by the cries of glee that escaped her. mrs. lowe stopped at the gate. “such a dear child,” catherwood gurgled, hold- ing the tot close to him. “do you think so p” the mother murmured. “so strong and so well,” catherwood added, weighing little mary in his strong hands. “yes, she is heavy,” mrs. lowe said. then the child cried in her pretty patois: “pleese frow mary up an' catch her.” “oh, ho,” catherwood exclaimed gaily, “so that is what mary wants, is it? well then, here goes.” the case of catherwood “careful, mary daughter,” the mother cautioned, smiling. catherwood never before had felt his strength as keenly as he did that moment. it had for him, then, a definite, precise meaning; even a value; yes, an incalculable value. “frow up mary 'n' catch her like farver do,” the child urged. he tossed her into the air. “there!” he said as she left his arms. his hands—broad fine hands—were outspread to catch her. afterward, when recollection of that vivid, scarlet instant returned to him, he was never quite able to explain to himself how it had happened. perhaps he did not reckon with his various courses in physics—certain laws of falling bodies, accelerated motion, and such uninteresting things. in any event it was as though his hands had not been there; for before he could clutch at the little furry ball of falling femininity it had shot between those groping hands of his and in an infinitesimal space of time had struck the low snow-drift beside the walk, no longer a furry ball but a sprawl of scream- ing child. “oh! mr. catherwood!” cried mrs. lowe. there was an instant's silence and then the at- ann arbor tales mosphere was punctured by the piercing yelps of the little mary. mrs. lowe snatched her daughter from the drift and, clutching her close, cooed to her, consolingly. “did the great horrid man drop mother's dar- ling p” she murmured. catherwood, stricken momentarily dumb by the accident, finally found his voice though it was un- steady and very much in his throat. “mrs. lowe,” he exclaimed, despairingly, “i’m very sorry; believe me; i guess, i must—” she shot him one glance of injured motherhood, and without replying turned and strode out of the yard still hugging close to her maternal bosom the wailing mary. the shrieks had penetrated to the study of the assistant professor and as she turned in at her own gate he appeared upon the porch. “what's the matter?” he asked sharply. “the young man next door dropped mary on the tar walk.” - catherwood clearly distinguished below the child's still frantic yells the grunt of the man who waited on the steps. he was prompted to shout: “you lie; it was a drift,” but a quick second thought restrained him. as it was he took the stairs in the darkened hall- the case of catherwood way in three bounds and, rushing into his room, raved impotently. he kicked the legs of the mor- ris chair; he kicked the legs of the table; he kicked the backs of the books on the lowest shelf of the rack. he seized a pillow from the divan and pro- ceeded to punch it violently, viciously. then he flung himself face down upon the divan, and from the heart of the cushions came the muffled words: “i wish the confounded kid had never been born!” after some minutes he rolled over and for a space stared blankly at the ceiling. then he rose, took a book from the rack and flinging himself into the morris chair by the window opened it upon his knee. it was a volume of the marvelous and enthralling adventures of the redoubtable sherlock holmes. ii there are two kinds of hazing, as practiced by undergraduates at ann arbor; the plain and the ornamental. the first may be a mere practical joke, as the “stacking ” of a room, the kidnapping of a fresh- man toastmaster, or the “losing” of a fraternity ini- tiate in the broad fields that lie between the town and the north pole. ann arbor tales but ornamental hazing is quite a different thing. it is the sort most indulged in by practical hazers, professionals, as it were ; by juniors; even by seniors; and as such is found to have many and varied forms. moreover it differs from the plain brand in that a genuine injury is, by its application, wrought upon the hazee. thus, a man may be lost in a swamp and made to find his own way home by the tenets of the plain hazing code; whereas, if, in the swamp, he is “injured,” that is to say if he is painted with iodine, if a broad pink parting is shaved across his scalp, or if his hair is cut off in scrubby patches, he may quite properly consider himself to have been allowed a taste of the orna- mental sort. it may be seen from these distinctions therefore, that plain hazing is really harmless; no one is hurt, unless, as not infrequently occurs, and justly, the hazers, themselves; and as a consequence of this the university authorities seldom concern themselves in these really feeble attempts to smirch the honor and destroy the valor of the freshman class, which in most instances is sufficiently lusty an infant to take excellent care of itself. for instance, no excitement is created by the ap- pearance on the campus, or even in the corridors of the recitation buildings, of a lanky youth in ex- the case of catherwood ceedingly snug knee breeches who drags about be- hind him by a long string a gaudy little horse on squeaking wheels. indeed, men whose height reaches a flat six feet have not infrequently ridden to classes on very small tricycles to the ecstatic delight of certain upper classmen and to the pitying sneers of their instructors. as has been observed, the authorities of the uni- versity are not wont to interest themselves in such manifestations of under-class idiocy. but a hazing of the second sort! that, truly, is a different matter. there was the case of cleaver, for instance, whose disappearance from ann arbor on a wet night in march six years ago was telegraphed to every paper of consequence in the country and which furnished a delectable topic of conversation at faculty dinners for the entire two months of his absence. hazed p of course he was hazed. he was persona non grata to the sophomore class as represented by the fraternity contingent and that contingent had simply done away with him tempo- rarily. when he did return it was a wan and hag- gard figure that he presented. the belief gained currency that his people had known his where- abouts, but no one ever knew to a certainty. as ann arbor tales for cleaver himself, he would not—or perhaps could not—tell what had been done to him or who had planned and carried out the adventure of his disappearance. the faculty was nonplussed. no one else had been missed. who, then, could have accompanied cleaver to his dungeon, if dungeon had been his residence for two months p no one, to this day, has solved the mystery. as for cleaver, he was given his credits and permitted to graduate in due time. and to-day whenever he speaks of a certain individual—now a lawyer in syracuse—who was a sophomore during his own freshman days, it is with a twinkle in his eyes. but he still keeps a sacred silence. ann arbor was shaken to its foundations by the incident. shaken, too, has it been by circus riots; but it is doubted if ever within the period of the university's establishment has it been so tremen- dously excited, for a little period, as it became over the case of catherwood. in the first place catherwood had incurred the enmity of no one. a student of fair attainments and average record who, during his three years in the university, had taken but small part in under- graduate activities, he found himself, of a sudden, standing in the blinding lime-light of an official investigation. and an official investigation at the the case of catherwood university of michigan is not to be considered lightly. all over this broad land are men who have the questionable privilege of looking back upon a time when they were the unwilling subjects of such investigations. catherwood's case, to be sure, was different in that he was the sufferer from others' depredations, but the odium of participation rested upon him nevertheless, and so delicate and shrinking was his nature that he was known to suffer miserably from the publicity of his position. for three days he was conscious that every man's eye was upon him; that every finger pointed at him, that every tongue discussed him. an attempt was made to heroize him, but he withdrew to the seclusion of his room and would see no one. his, indeed, was a case to defy, in its solution, the most subtle reasoner, the most invincible logician on the faculty. in detail it was as follows: mrs. turner, catherwood's landlady, a most es- timable woman who had moved into town from a not-distant farm for the purpose of “putting willie through school,” was away from the house all the evening of february ninth. a “social” at the congregational church—socials were her chief, in- deed, her only, diversion—on the arrangement com- ann arbor tales mittee of which she was most active, delayed her return until nearly midnight. willie accompanied her to the church and at nine o'clock was put to bed in a pew up-stairs. therefore mrs. turner could not know what had transpired in one of her second- floor rooms between the hours of seven-thirty and twelve on that momentous night. moreover, as mrs. turner varied the monotony of house work with “plain sewing by the day” and was, all the morning of the tenth, at the alpha phi house “fit- ting "miss houston, she did not set about to “do the room work” until eleven-thirty. at that hour, tired beyond measure, miss hous- ton had been so finicky about the hang of the skirt —she suddenly realized that if she did not make haste mr. catherwood would return from college to find his room in the condition of untidiness that he, presumably, had left it on going out. so she dragged her leaden limbs up the stairs and from force of habit knocked on the door of the second room, back. there was no reply. she had expected none. she pushed open the door. the scene of chaos that met her gaze defies de- scription. the room had been completely and most effectively “stacked.” strewn about the floor were papers. the inverted waste-basket was cocked rakishly upon an arm of the chandelier. books the case of catherwood from the rack were lying everywhere. the rack lay flat on the floor. the face of every hanging picture was turned to the wall, and the morris chair, which had been carefully taken apart, was piled upon the writing table. mrs. turner at a single sweep of her eye noted these details and also certain splotches that were unmistakably ink spots on the walls and on the carpet. the divan had reared itself and now stood upon one end. three chairs were piled upon the bed. these mrs. turner noted last. she understood the meaning of the chaos. some- one, during his absence, had entered mr. cather- wood's room and “stacked" it. and as she calcu- lated the time necessary to complete a restoration of its usual neat appearance, the poor woman sighed deeply. suddenly she started. was it an echo of her sigh she heard p surely she had heard a human sound. she peered, stooping. “mr. catherwood!” she called; her face pale. a distinct, graveyard moan was the answer. the blood fled from mrs. turner's lips and her eyes bulged. she cautiously approached the bed, whence, seemingly, had come the moan. she peered between the legs of the chairs. then, with o ann arbor tales a cry that rang through the house, she fled from the room, down the stairs and into the freezing out-of-doors. as she ran down the walk, slipping, stumbling, the bells in the library tower rang out twice, musically clear on the frosty air—fifteen minutes past twelve. and approaching, she saw her neigh- bor, the assistant professor of history, returning from the examination. mrs. turner flung herself heavily upon him. his spectacles slipped from his nose. the armful of thin “blue books” he was carrying littered the walk. he parried awkwardly with hands that were encased in gray-striped woolen mittens. “madame! madame!” he cried, “what the- what is the matter—are you crazy?” mrs. turner gasped—gasped like a pickerel dying on the grass. it was quite half a minute before she found her voice and when she spoke it was with many vocal quavers. “oh, professor lowe! professor lowel” she wailed, “mr. catherwood—mr. catherwood—" “well, well; what of him, madame, what of him p'' the assistant professor spoke sharply. “he’s been murdered / " “what!” the case of catherwood she seized him by the arm. “come—come, quick,” she cried. “he’s on the bed: his face is all blood.” “yes, yes,” he replied, stooping and hastily gathering up the “blue books”—“i’ll fling these in the hall; you run on ahead—i'll be right there.” from the doorway he called to his wife, “young man murdered next door, jenny," and from the porch at the end nearest mrs. turner's house he leaped into a snow-drift. he floundered out and into the house as his wife appeared upon the porch wringing her hands and moaning. he bounded up the stairs in the wake of mrs. turner and brushed past her into the room of horror. he brought up stock still and looked about. “there's the corpse! there; over there on the bed!” the woman wailed, frantically. he pulled away the piled chairs, and seizing the body rolled it upon its back. over catherwood's eyes was bound a strip of cloth and a gag made of a stocking was tied across his mouth. the as- sistant professor unknotted the gag with trembling fingers and tore away the blindfold and catherwood blinked up at him owlishly. “are you dead?” the assistant professor asked with bated breath. n ann arbor tales catherwood's mouth worked convulsively and then he muttered hoarsely: “water! water!” mrs. turner hurried to the bathroom and returned with a cup, which the assistant professor took from her and held to the young man's lips. he gulped eagerly. “look at his face!” cried mrs. turner. it was streaked and spotted with a brown stain. “is it blood p” the woman shivered. the assistant professor sniffed. “iodine,” he exclaimed. “and see,” he added, stooping, “here's the bottle.” he held up the phial that had caught his eye where it lay on the floor at the foot of the bed. “untie my hands,” catherwood gurgled— “here, behind me!” they were tied securely by two handkerchiefs knotted together. the assistant professor fumbled at the loops. he disengaged the swollen wrists and catherwood sat up in bed. he loosened the bindings of his ankles himself and stood up. “whew " he whistled. he caught sight of his brown-streaked and spotted face in the dresser mirror. “caesar!” he exclaimed, “that was a fine job!” satisfied that a rescue had been accomplished in good time, the assistant professor said: the case of catherwood “sit down, mr. catherwood, and explain, if possible, the meaning of this—this hazing. i ob- served you were not present at the examination to-day.” mrs. turner, who till now had stood by wringing her hands, commenced, with mechanical precision, to wrest order out of chaos in the room. from time to time during catherwood's re- cital she stopped in her work long enough to voice an ejaculatory “oh,” or exclaim—“well, i declare.” “it is clearly a case of hazing—hazing of the most malicious sort,” observed the assistant pro- fessor, “and as such merits the fullest investiga- tion on the part of the faculty, which i have no doubt the faculty will undertake. do you know your assailants, mr. catherwood p” “yes—and no,” the young man replied, rubbing a red and swollen wrist. “why do you say that?” the assistant pro- fessor inquired, significantly. “i thought i did from the writing of the note i received yesterday afternoon—” “ah—you received a note then p” “yes—wait.” catherwood dove a hand into the inside pocket of his coat. “here it is,” he said, and held out to his questioner a crumpled ann arbor tales bit of paper written in a hand obviously dis- guised. the assistant professor examined the writing closely. “this, mr. catherwood,” he opined finally, “is, as you see, ‘back-hand." moreover, it is quite clear to me that it was penned by some one who used his left hand, although he is, naturally, what we call ‘right handed.’” the professor remembered his “the count of monte cristo.” “ah —” at catherwood's exclamation he looked up quickly. “that's why i could not identify it,” the young man added. “but, mr. catherwood,” the assistant professor continued, “isn't it rather odd that you did not see —did not recognize the two men who assailed you; for of course there were two—the note reads —” he looked down at the crumpled sheet again— “‘we shall call at your room this evening.' isn't it rather strange p” he awaited catherwood's reply, calmly. “i think there was but one!” the assistant professor started. the case of catherwood “one / " he exclaimed. “why it is more mys- terious than ever—and you didn't see him, mr. catherwood p” “no, sir, i did not.” “you did not p” “no, sir. “well, i declare,” ejaculated mrs. turner. mr. lowe smoothed over the note and folded it. “i shall take this,” he said—“that is, if you do not mind.” “no–no—of course not —” “and, mr. catherwood,” he added, “i am to assume, am i, that you can throw no light on this— on this most mysterious matter . . . p.” at that instant a knock fell on the door. “come in,” catherwood called. the door was pushed back and a young man with a note-book in his hand stood on the thresh- old. “i'm green,” he explained. “i'm on the 'varsity news. you're catherwood, aren't you ? yes; well, we got wind of the case. fellow heard your landlady yell and telephoned us. what does it amount to — ?” the assistant professor, squaring his shoulders, assumed the privilege of answering the breezy youth. -> ann arbor tales “perhaps,” he said, “it might be as well not to go into details just now. mr. catherwood was assaulted in his room last night and was found gagged and tied in his bed not an hour ago. it is a case for official investigation. mr. catherwood was made, much against his will, naturally, to miss an important examination this morning—i may say a very important examination. there is a meeting of the faculty to be held to-night when i shall pre- sent the facts of this most shocking affair as i have gathered them and i am confident that an official investigation will follow. you may say as much. p the reporter had been busy with his note-book. now looking up at catherwood, he asked: “what's the matter with his face p” “i believe it is iodine,” the assistant professor re- plied, frigidly. little green grinned. “you’re a sure beaut,” he exclaimed. “i think that will be all,” observed the assistant professor drily. “oh yes, yes—that's all—thank you very much; good-morning.” and the journalist vanished. the eyes of catherwood and the assistant pro- fessor met. “i think i should wash my face, if i were you,” the case of catherwood suggested mr. lowe. “you may be able to re- move some of the stain.” catherwood went to the stand in the corner of the room. for a space he sputtered the water in the bowl. “any better?” he asked, at length. mr. lowe shook his head sadly. “no-it won't come off. you had best see a doctor.” he rose. “now, mr. catherwood,” he said, “as i have said, this is a case for the most thorough investiga- tion. you need not give yourself any uneasiness. the university authorities will, you may be sure, sift matters to the bottom. you have been maltreated; abused, tortured, and, i may say, disfigured.” catherwood, with a sigh, sank into the morris chair by the window. “i shall take the matter up this evening at faculty meeting. mark my word, we shall discover your assailant or assailants at once; for despite your belief to the contrary, it is my opinion that two men, if, indeed, not more, had a hand in your un- doing. we shall see. i shall talk of the case to several this afternoon and i suppose you would have no hesitancy in appearing at the meeting to- night, if your presence there should be deemed de- sirable.” ann arbor tales “no,” catherwood replied, weakly, “not if they want me.” the hand he passed across his brow trembled. “i observe you are nervous,” the assistant pro- fessor said. “get a little rest this afternoon.” he shook his head slowly. “it is very unfortunate,” he added, “that the president is away; however, i am confident we shall have the case cleared up be- fore his return. you, of course, mr. catherwood, have no reason not to assist us in every way pos- sible p” “none at all.” the young man leaned back and closed his eyes, and sighed deeply. “however, i must say, you have not seemed to me as interested as —” catherwood sat upright. “i’m half sick,” he cried, “half sick. it's so strange. i know no one who would have a reason for hazing me; i can't understand it; it's like a bad dream.” he rose and paced back and forth the length of the room. “ah, yes, to be sure,” the assistant professor murmured, consolingly. “now, i shall go. you will hear from me later—perhaps very soon.” catherwood stood motionless in the middle of the floor until he heard the outer door close, then he the case of catherwood descended the stairs slowly, and encountering mrs. turner in the kitchen begged the privilege of taking dinner at her table. “this face,” he explained. “i can't go to “pret's ' with this face.” and she, gentle motherly soul, bade him be seated, and fed him well, and consoled him; while willie, fascinated by the streaked and horrid face of the self-bidden guest, allowed his rice-pudding to grow cold while he gazed at him. iii little green, the pink-cheeked reporter of the 'varsity news, was not that at all, and on this oc- casion he gave his name the lie direct. little green possessed a nasal organ keenly atuned to news. as he hastened back down town after his summary dismissal from catherwood's room, he calculated accurately the latent story value in the assistant professor's indefinite account of his pupil's case. he glanced at his watch, snapped the case, thrust it back into his pocket—and ran. he estimated the time with reference to the pub- lication hour of the detroit afternoon papers. he saw before him, as plainly as he saw the snow banks, one hour and thirty minutes. the period the case of catherwood “yep.” calmly. little green emitted a sigh of relief and proceeded, carefully but hastily, to fill sheet after sheet torn from the block of blue-white paper. he scratched out, wrote in, amplified, condensed. he wrote in many tiny paragraphs; for little green was wise beyond his years. and while he wrote, oblivious of the clickety— click—click of the little machine on the table, of the droning tick of the electrically regulated clock, of the rasp of his pencil on the paper, the indolent op- erator looked up. “rush three hundred,” he called with a yawn. little green grinned. another page and he brought his “story” to a snappy end with a tiny, quick little sentence. he knew the run of his own “copy.” he was conscious that he had exceeded the order by sixty words, approximately, and he hesitated an instant. then thrusting the numbered sheets at the operator, he exclaimed: “here, take it; i'll wait for another order.” in half an hour it came. it was for a photograph of catherwood. how little green procured that photograph even after catherwood's threat that he'd kill him if he used it, is a story in itself—a story for another time. ann arbor tales but in less than an hour after the receipt of the tele- graphic request it was in the post-office bearing on its plain wrapper a special delivery stamp. it has been suggested that little green was wise beyond his years. he was just wise enough not to tell all his story to an afternoon paper at so late an hour. so, with a confidence born of a short but crowded experience, he sent out by wire eight queries to as many morning papers in the middle- and the fur- ther-west. meanwhile that occurred which little green had been far-sighted enough to expect would occur. the tall, angular, boy-faced agent of the asso- ciated press in detroit wandered into the office of the journal shortly after one o'clock. passing the city desk he tickled the man sitting there, on his round, shiny, bald spot, and as he looked up with a scowl, asked blandly: “anything doing?” the city editor growled and resumed reading the typewritten page that lay before him. the agent wandered into the office of the state editor, where a man with long hair sat, fidgeting in a swivel chair and mumbling to himself under his breath. “anything p” asked the agent, tersely, at the the case of catherwood same time reaching for the proofs that dangled from a hook at the side of the desk. the state editor looked up, scowling. he disliked being annoyed when talking to himself. “pretty good one from ann arbor,” he snapped. “find it there.” the agent ran hastily through the proofs and re- tained one. the others he hung back on the hook. “much obliged,” he said, and strolled out of the office. at six o'clock that night the story was “on the a. p. wire,” and being ticked off in every newspa- per telegraph room from portland to portland, for the night manager at chicago had called it “bully good stuff.” and when it came clicking into those offices to which little green had wired shortly after noon, the desk men in charge recognized the incompleteness of the “a. p. story,” and forthwith telegraphed their unknown correspondent for more. regular corre- spondents were totally disregarded. little green was supreme ; and no one realized that supremacy more keenly than little green himself. he was the king of the night with his story; and sheet after sheet he filled with his jagged, irregular chirography, and the dreamy operator kept up with him. but there came an end to his work at last, as there ann arbor tales comes an end to all things; and when the end came in this particular case, little green whistled, slipped his pencil into his pocket and sauntered out of the telegraph box jauntily. he did not recall until he reached the office of the 'varsity news that he had not eaten since morning. he glanced at his watch. he would write the “story” for his own paper now —and then—supper. all of which may explain to the reader of this veracious tale why it was that the president of the university, as he glanced over his providence journal in providence the next morning, suddenly started in his chair, and calling for a telegraph blank sent this message to the dean of the department of literature, science, and the arts: “take no action in catherwood case. sift it. leave for ann arbor at once.” - and likewise it may account for the sudden excla- mation of the dean himself, as at breakfast, earlier that same morning in ann arbor, his eye chanced to fall upon a column-and-one-half story with a two column display head, that blazed forth to all the world many details unknown to him in the case of frederick edward catherwood. he had attended the faculty meeting the night be- fore, when the case was threshed out to the finest grain, and he had heard no such explanation of the the case of catherwood affair as stared at him now in cold black type from the front page of his morning paper. a secret secret society in the university, the func- tion of which was to haze every one big or little who for one reason or another, might fall under its bann | he had never heard of any such organiza- tion. and yet—and yet— oh, little green! oh, little green! little did you dream to what ill end your rare invention, your insane imaginings, would result! for, after partaking that night of a luncheon and dinner rolled into one big steak in “tuts,” little green sought his room where he slept the sleep of vigorous youth till a beam of the winter sun, shi- ning through his alcove window, fell athwart his eyes and wakened him. as for catherwood, he had not been commanded to appear before the faculty. indeed, of what transpired at that momentous meeting he never knew; that is to say, definitely, but every one learned, in a general way, something of the wordy resolutions that were passed and the learned opinions that were there put forth, all of which tended to no purpose save to obscure more thickly, rather than illumine more brilliantly, the strange affair. the dean presided—a large man with reddish the case of catherwood simple. it shows that mr.—oh—ah—catherwood was assaulted by two—two—persons. but, that, gentlemen, we already know. what we now wish to learn is: who were they ” the assistant professor shook his head, wearily. “yes, yes,” he muttered. at this point an aged man at the rear of the room rose, and clearing his throat asked in a dry, metallic cackle: “am i to understand that the young gentleman is a member of a fraternity ?” it was quite apparent that no one appreciated clearly the significance of the old gentleman's ques- tion. the dean stared inquiringly over his glasses at the assistant professor of history. “he is not—” “he is not,” echoed the dean. “oh,” cackled the old gentleman and sat down. his prejudice against fraternities was well known. several of the younger men present, who wore their pins on occasion, glanced at one another and smiled. “it would—oh—ah—seem to me,” began the dean, when he was interrupted by that dry, metallic cackle a second time. “does he contemplate joining a fraternity ?” “no,” lowe shouted. “oh"—and the old gentleman sat down again. ann arbor tales in the second row there rose a round, boy- faced man with a pompadour, who, after clearing his throat, began: “it would seem to me, gentlemen, that we are on the wrong track; what? it would seem to me that there is a way—a sure way—of apprehending the villains who seem to have worsted our young friend, mr. catherwood; what p” every man in the room leaned forward, and again the hush became awesome. “and it is p” observed the dean, very soberly. “that we compare the handwriting of that note with all the students' signatures in our possession; what?” there ensued a general exchange of puzzled looks and then the dean exclaimed: “a very good idea, my dear professor—oh— ah—a most ingenious idea; but—oh—ah—would you be willing to undertake to make the suggested comparisons p” “well i thought the clerks in the registrar's office might—” “very good—very good!” said the dean—“i be- lieve there are about thirty-five hundred such sig- natures—oh—ah—quite a week's work for the entire office force—quite —” several of his colleagues openly congratulated the the case of catherwood . boy-faced genius who seemed to them to be the only man with a plan worthy of adoption. amid the general exchange of felicitations before which the genius blushed and stammered his con- fusion, assistant professor lowe rose and caught the eye of the dean. “order—oh—ah—order, gentlemen!” the latter called. “professor lowe seems to have a word —” “it's just a word,” was the reply, “but, gentle- men, the plan suggested can be of no avail and for a very simple reason—” he looked down at the boy-faced junior professor in astronomy who had formulated the plan referred to and who looked up at him, weakly, sufferingly. “and what is the reason p” inquired the dean severely, loth to have a theory declared impracti- cable which he had seemed to favor. “it is that this note was written—ingeniously i am willing to admit—by a right handed person, who, to disguise his writing, wrote with his left hand in what we call the ‘back-hand' style. all writings, under such circumstances, are alike. my authority, gentlemen, is dumas; of whom some of you may have heard.” and with this cuttingly sarcastic speech the assistant professor of history sat down. the case of catherwood standing “call” for him from an eastern institution. —“now i have a suggestion to make. it is this: suppose we all go home, and await the return of the president. meanwhile let us keep our eyes and ears open, and our mouths shut; perhaps we may see and hear things that will indicate the proper course for us to take. in any event, it would seem wisest for us to await the return of the president. good-night, gentlemen.” and buttoning his overcoat about him, the pro- fessor of french left the room. it was not until then that the futility of their dis- cussion dawned upon his colleagues. some one moved that the meeting adjourn. the motion was carried. the old gentleman voted the single nay. the dean walked home with assistant professor lowe. their conversation was wholly upon the case in hand. and when the dean left the younger man at the latter's door, he said: “i—oh—ah—i confess to being more puzzled than ever. a very mysterious affair—oh—ah—a most mysterious affair.” and so it was that the puzzlement of the worthy dean deepened next morning as he read little green's sprightly, suggestive story. but the frown vanished from his brow and the wonder from his eyes, when, as he left the house, ann arbor tales a messenger handed him the president's telegram. and he hastened to the campus to make known to his colleagues the glad tidings that had come to him in the depths of his perplexity. iv the various and varying newspaper accounts of the affair awoke ann arbor from its peaceful slum- ber and for a space the town lived. for two days interest developed with the passage of the hours. speculation became general. opinions were as many as those who offered them; until there was not a man or woman from the cat hole to ashley street who did not advance a theory, new or old. a like puzzlement, but one tempered by more original conjecture, characterized the attitude of the undergraduate body as a whole. for two days catherwood had not appeared upon the campus, but at all hours friends and mere nodding acquaint- ances called at his rooms only to be refused admit- tance by mrs. turner, whom he had bade inform all callers that he was ill, very ill, quite too ill to be seen. little green was one of these callers. he had expected the refusal of admission which mrs. turner, with many apologies, gave him and straight- way he telegraphed his papers that catherwood was the case of catherwood dying as the result of the great bodily injuries he had received at the hands of his unknown under- graduate assailants. for little green knew by in- stinct what many a reporter requires long years to learn—that a “story” is “good” just as long as there is a drop of “life" blood left in it, and not an instant longer. little green fairly reveled in the commotion he had caused. the regular college correspondents, anaemic, frightened little fellows, were at a loss to know who had beaten them in their own papers. it was little green's game, absolutely his, and he purposed playing it alone, aided and abetted in the achievement of this purpose by the various tele- graph editors whom he sought to serve. and so far as the faculty was concerned, the frequenter the dispatches, the more woefully addled did the pro- fessorial brain become. out in the state, and in adjoining states, wise edi- tors, looking down, as it were, from some high place, wrote venemous and vicious editorials in which the legislature was called upon to pass laws abolishing hazing in institutions of the common- wealth by making the practice of it a felony, pun- ishable by imprisonment. parents in the further west with sons and daughters at ann arbor feared for their children's lives. school boards passed ann arbor tales resolutions. guardians wrote to the heads of vari- ous university departments asking if their wards were quite safe, alone and unprotected in ann arbor. a new york newspaper, on the second day, dispatched its most ingenious “woman reporter” to the scene of action and in three hours the sprightly creature had woven a fictional fabric be- side which the tale of ali baba was the glowing, gleaming truth. she revived all the half-forgotten stories of ancient hazing rites, dead these many years, and wrote of them as of contemporary prac- tice. and the imaginative artist in the home office illustrated her vivacious article elaborately, seeking to convey to the eye horrors of undergraduate tor- ture that words were useless to describe. skeletonized, the story was wired across the sea and the ponderous times gave forth an editorial in which it averred that such refined cruelty had never been heard of in english academic life; not even in the palmiest days of rugby and of eton at the height of the fagging system. amidst the wild excitement, little pink-cheeked green grinned at his reflection in his mirror and ex- claimed: “gad! you've got 'em goin', greeny; you've got 'em goin'. greeny, you're it!” and he was; for three swift, brilliant days. the case of catherwood for then the president came. he came unannounced save by the telegram the dean received at breakfast on the second day. he was driven direct to his home; and ten min- utes after entering the front door he issued from the back and hastened across the campus. the registrar met him in the main corridor. “what is this i have been reading p” he asked sharply. “this that the papers are full of p what is it?” the registrar followed him into his private office where, as the president unlocked his desk, he ex- plained accurately, tersely, the frenzy that had seized the university, and the town; the state, the nation, and the world. as he spoke he was interrupted again and again by the characteristic “ah " of the president, who as he listened, toyed with a steel envelope opener. “and those are the facts in the case as you—that is to say the faculty—know them; are they p” he asked, when the other had done. the registrar nodded. “ah, yes,” murmured the president—“now let me see if i have them correct and in their order; ” and he recited the story as he had heard it from the other's lips, accurately, succinctly, with no point missing. ann arbor tales “those are the facts, doctor,” the registrar cor- roborated. “ah yes, quite simple—yes.” the registrar was about to move away. “ah, just a moment,” the president called. “you know mr. catherwood's address—” “one hundred and three, williams street—" “ah, yes.” and he hastily wrote a note which he folded and addressed. “have this delivered to mr. catherwood at once at his rooms.” the registrar nodded. - “and if he should call here at the office, have him wait, please—have him wait. i wish a word with professor lowe.” he wanished into the corridor. he was absent ten minutes and as he passed through the waiting-room to the inner private office he glanced into the office of the registrar. he closed the door noiselessly and seating him- self at his desk, proceeded with slow deliberation to open his accumulated mail. >k :k :k >k >k >k the bells in the library tower clanged twelve o'clock. as the last detonation sounded through the high corridors of the main building a timid knock fell upon the door. the case of catherwood the president glanced up quickly. he drew from an inner pocket of his coat two envelopes, which he laid on the top of the desk. then :— “come in ” he called. the door opened and catherwood, streaked of face and hollow eyed, stood upon the threshold. the president rose. “ah, mr. catherwood,” he exclaimed, smiling. he advanced upon his caller with outstretched hand. catherwood was not conscious of the warm clasp; he only knew one thing—that he had been sum- moned and that now he was in the presence of the genius of the institution of which he himself was a little part. “you—you sent for me, sir,” he managed to say. “yes—ah—you got my note of course. sit down.” the president seated himself at his desk and wheeled that he might face the odd creature near the door. “well, well, mr. catherwood,” he exclaimed, after a moment, “they appear to have been treat- ing you rather badly, eh?” catherwood pleaded with his eyes alone. “well, well; what does it all mean, mr. cather- ann arbor tales wood p” he went on, kindly. “you've no enemies here, have you —” the young man brightened perceptibly—“not one, sir; that is to say, not one that i know of,” he added, less brightly. “ah, so i'm told. how do you account for this attack upon you, then p” catherwood's eyes dropped to the carpet. the president watched him covertly, fumbling the seal that dangled from his watch-chain. “i can't," catherwood replied at last, looking up. “no, of course you can't. i hardly expected you could,” the president exclaimed. “but, mr. cath- erwood"—he spoke slowly—“have you no idea who it was committed this most dastardly assault upon you?” there was an instant's silence during which catherwood followed the scroll design of the car- pet up one row and down another. “yes, sir—i have.” “who?" the president leaned forward. “i don't feel justified in saying, sir.” catherwood did not look up as he spoke. the president leaned back and passed his hand across his forehead. “ah, yes; i think i understand, mr. catherwood —you—you—perhaps fear the blame may be placed the case of catherwood where it should not—a fine sense of justice; mr. catherwood—a very fine sense of justice—i con- gratulate you upon it, sir.” catherwood glanced up now, moved to a sort of secret impatience by what he assumed to be a note of sarcasm in the president's voice. but the face his eyes encountered was most kindly. his eyes fell again. the president took up the envelope opener and placed the steel point to his lips. “mr. catherwood,” he began, and hesitated. “yes, sir.” “of course you know,” he went on, “that since my return the facts in your case have been placed before me by certain members of the faculty who are familiar with them.” “yes, sir,” catherwood murmured. “now, mr. catherwood, while they have told me many things of interest, there is one little detail that seems to me to have a very important bearing upon the case, but which, for some unaccountable reason, they all seem to have missed. perhaps you can throw some light upon this dark place.” the president indulged here in a round, full laugh. encouraged by the infinite kindness of this voice, catherwood lifted his eyes. o ann arbor tales “yes, sir; if i can—what is it?” “ah, yes.” the president cleared his throat. “mr. catherwood,” he resumed calmly, twirling the envelope opener between his fingers, “what i wish so very much to know is how you managed to tie your hands behind you !" “why i —” catherwood began, and stopped. he tried to wrench his eyes from those of the president, calm, blue—but could not. the room whirled. the design in the carpet became the design of the walls and of the ceiling; and there were no windows in the room, or doors—and all was black—black—black, save for two points of light; for there were those calm blue eyes, shining back at his. - and then as though it spoke from some great height he heard the mellow voice in his ears again. “go on, mr. catherwood,” the voice said. at last he managed to wrench his eyes away and stood up, and strode over to the window and looked out upon the white world. he saw two sparrows poise an instant on the crest of a drift. “well, mr. catherwood —” the voice again. he turned slowly. his face was pale beneath the disfiguring streaks and stripes of brown. “i—i—i confess, sir—i confess.” he flung himself into the chair at the end of the the case of catherwood desk and covering his poor face with his two hands, sobbed aloud. the president waited for the paroxysm to pass. “why did you do it, mr. catherwood p” he asked, quietly. “i—i—was afraid of that history examination.” the reply came faint. turning his face away, he stood up. he groped for his hat. “but wait a moment, mr. catherwood." shame-faced the impostor turned, his hand upon the knob of the door. “you have, i believe, neither credit nor condition in that course. professor lowe was at a loss which to give you; and awaited my return. ah, sit down, mr. catherwood.” he obeyed, meekly. he fumbled his cap. “ah, mr. catherwood.” the voice still was calm and even. “yes, sir,” catherwood murmured without changing his position. “mr. catherwood, this is a delicate case—i may say a most delicate case. it is unique in my expe- rience. indeed i believe it is absolutely unique. moreover, honesty compels me to say that it was most ingeniously managed—most ingeniously.” the president coughed and raised his hand to his ann arbor tales lips. catherwood looked up an instant and then away again. - “now, mr. catherwood,” the president went on in the same dispassionate tone, “let us look first at the case from your point of view. you were zeal- ous to pass your history course, ahem, too zealous, perhaps. however, be that as it may. and i am right, am i not, when i infer that your zeal, your desire in the matter, is still unabated p” catherwood nodded, slightly. “ah, i thought so. so be it. it is your zeal, then, that induces a certain definite longing for the credit in that course p am i right?” “yes, sir.” weakly. “ah, yes. but, mr. catherwood, there is that beside our zeal to which we must listen. there is our conscience.” catherwood shifted uneasily. “consult your conscience, mr. catherwood. shall i tell you what it whispers ? very well. it bids you ask for a condition—a condition, mr. catherwood.” “give it me, doctor; give it me.” the suddenness, the eagerness of the request caused the president to raise his eyebrows. the pale ghost of a smile lingered an instant about his lips. the case of catherwood he held out a restraining hand. “just a moment, mr. catherwood,” he said. “there is another point of view. mine.” catherwood had sunk back into his previous atti- tude of dejection. - “i may state it briefly,” the president continued. “my interest in the proper conduct of this univer- sity, mr. catherwood, bids me give you a condition in the course to which we—ah—have referred. but —and i say this frankly—my interest in you, my boy, bids me hesitate. you are young. your whole life is before you. a misstep now might mean the ruin of that life.” catherwood caught his breath with a little spasm of the throat. “far be it from me to be the cause of such a misstep.” the president spoke less rapidly now. “too, you have brains. this—ah—your recent exploit is proof of that. such ingenuity properly directed might work great good for not only you, but—ah—the country at large. mr. catherwood,” —every word was voiced with a cutting precision— “my genuine interest in you prompts me to give you your credit in this course; but —” catherwood started in his chair. the face he turned to the president was aglow; the eyes alight. “but,” the speaker emphasized—“i am not ann arbor tales permitted to do this, mr. catherwood. had you taken that examination you might—mind you i say ‘might'—have passed. again you might not. there would have been, you see, an element of chance. mr. catherwood, we shall let chance hold the scales this morning.” the young man looked up wonderingly. “i don't understand, sir,” he said, weakly. in his hand the president held two envelopes. “mr. catherwood,” he said, “you see these envelopes p yes. well, in one of them—i do not know which one—is a credit-slip; in the other is a condition. the envelopes are sealed.” he held them out to the limp creature at the end of the desk. “choose,” he commanded. catherwood shrank back. “oh, sir,” he mur- mured, brokenly. “choose.” their eyes met then; and there was that in the president's that forbade his disobeying. he put forth a trembling hand. his fingers touched the smooth paper. he drew. he crushed the envelope in his hand. “is—is—that all, sir?” he begged, falteringly. “that is all, mr. catherwood, good-morning.” and he seized his cap and rushed from the room. the case of catherwood the president, alone, leaned back in his chair and stared at the ceiling. then he looked down. he still held the second envelope. he ran the slim blade of the ebon-handled dagger beneath the flap and ripped it open. he drew out the slip that it contained. a queer little look came into his eyes. then he pursed his lips, and smiled. he tore the slip into tiny flakes and let them fall from his open hand like snow, into the waste- basket. just then the bells in the library tower clanged out four times. “dear, dear!” exclaimed the president. “half- past one! i shall be late for luncheon!" and gathering up his coat and hat he left his office, hurriedly. the door-a nocturne the door—a nocturne there is a pale moon, consequently the electric street-lamps are unlighted. the setting is nowise picturesque. the street is narrow, unpaved, and fringed on either side with maples in leaf. it is late june. to right and left, are to be discerned behind the trees rows of characterless frame houses, that, for the greater part, are set well back in yards, where, here and there, are lilac bushes, rose trees, smoke trees, and silver birches, ghostly in the thin light. the moon's rays, glimmering upon the latched green blinds of the lower stories—which seem black—streak them with white. at the end of the block, on the east side of the street, stands a house markedly different from the others. it is three stories in height, whilst they are two; the lawn, cut by a gravel path, slopes gently to the walk, and is close cropped; across the front of the house and continuing unbroken along either side to the back is a broad, covered porch with a spindled rail at its edge like a little fence. the only door is at the top of the path, in front. in a win- ann arbor tales dow directly above the door is a card the legend on which the moon makes clear—“rooms to rent.” there is no fence about the place. on the south side another gravel path, narrower than the one in front and bordered with box, links the sidewalk to the porch. the main path prongs to still another set of steps on the north side. the house is white and looms big in the paleness. in a pear-tree near the south porch-steps a katydid scrapes her dreary tune; whilst, on the north steps, a vagrant cat sits in silent adoration of the night, contemplating, pre- sumably, the joys thereof. a stillness made the more tangible by the katydid's song pervades the scene. the deep throated bells in the library tower on the campus ring out six times—ding-dong, ding- dong, ding-dong. accurately it lacks but fifteen minutes of being midnight. suddenly the song of the katydid ceases, and the cat, seized with panic, leaps from the north steps and vanishes beneath the grape trellis at the back. footfalls sound on the cement, and presently a couple slant across the lawn to the porch, issuing from the shadow of the trees into the white light that floods the lawn. he is seen to be a well set up youth who looks twenty-three. it is the moon, for he is twenty. upon his blond head is perched a slouch hat of a dirty gray color and bound with a the door—a nocturne wide black band. his trousers, turned up at the ankles, are baggy at the hips and bulge beneath the belted norfolk jacket that he wears. his hat is pulled down rakishly in front. she is a head shorter than he, and plump. were it high noon her face would glow ruddy. she wears a straw sailor-hat such as no sailor ever wore; a shirt waist, and a white duck skirt that flares at the hem and appears somewhat crumpled. her steps are mincing; he slouches. between them they carry by its two out- springing handles a small luncheon hamper. he is a junior; his walk gives the clue to his class. so is she; so does hers. at the porch he sets the basket on the lowest step and turns to her:— jamie. well, we beat 'em; didn't we ? hilda [fumbling in her finger purse]. uh huh. let's go up-stairs and wait. jamie [doubtfully]. had we better? won't your landlady think— it's awful late. hilda [testily]. we don't pay her three dollars a week to think; besides, they'll surely be here in a minute. we couldn't have been more than a mile ahead of them. they're at the livery now, proba- bly. [during this speech she fumbles in her purse.] oh, dear! jamie [endeavoring to smother a yawn]. wha's mat'r p ann arbor tales jamie. of course i did, dear; i want you to be happy all the time — we are going to be happy always, aren't we ? hilda. are we ? jamie. aren't we ? hilda [tenderly]. y-e-s— [their lips are very close. the moon rushes behind a cloud.] there! now you've shocked the man in the moon! jamie. i guess he's used to it. i wish i had a dollar for all the times he's seen that! hilda. and just think! there isn't a soul he can talk to about it! jame. maybe he tells mars; you don't know. hilda. oh, jamie, you ought to take course one in astronomy! mars and the moon are miles and miles apart! jamie. are they p hilda ſtapping his hand]. yes, and you ought to know it. jamie. but i don't know as much as you do, dearie. hilda. that's a very pretty speech, but you do, all the same. sometimes i think you know just a little bit more. jame. well, i don't; besides, how could i? you're working for ph. b., and i'll only get a cheap old b. l. the door—a nocturne hilda. that's your own fault. you could have selected ph. b. herbert did. jamie. but herbert knows more than i do, too. [he grins, away from her.] hilda. why, jamie, he doesn't either! he doesn't know anything but botany. i'm glad you aren't an old prosy botanist. jamie. maybe i'm not a very good botanist, but i've prided myself on my taste in flowers — hilda. now what makes you say that? you don't know a cowslip from a hollyhock! jame. maybe not, but i fell in love with you, didn't i? hilda [smuggling very close]. dearest! [again the modest man in the moon hides his face behind a cloud.] jamie [reminiscently]. do you remember what happened a month ago to-night? hilda [softly]. of course i do. jamie. what? hilda [more softly]. you proposed. jamie [stroking her hair]. where p hilda: why, where we were to-day—at whit- more—in mr. stevens' sail-boat. jame. yes, that's so. i thought maybe you'd forgotten. - hilda [drawing back]. jamie! forget! never! ann arbor tales why that's the greatest thing that ever comes into a girl's life! forget it? how could you! jamie. and you're just the same p hilda [her head against his shoulder again]. always! jamie. the old lake looked somewhat different to-day, didn't it; so many of the cottages open, and such a crowd around p hilda. yes, but it wasn't so nice as it was that day. i thought there were just a few too many around to-day, didn't you? jamie. yes—once—or—twice— hilda: why? jame. oh, because i wanted to walk on and on alone with you—just you. i wanted to talk to you as we're talking now, but i couldn't with so many folks everywhere. but i had my chance when we started for home. i looked for interference; that's why i suggested separate carriages. hilda [indifferently]. i knew it. jame. you did p. now that shows you know more than i do. i didn't think you'd understand. hilda. did you really think me as dense as all that p - jame. i'm afraid i did. but i shan't again. i shall tell you everything, hereafter. i find i might as well. the door—a nocturne did student, too. [anxiously.] i don't see why in the world they don't come. jamie, maybe they've had an accident! jame. oh, no, they haven't. that old giraffe of theirs couldn't run away. they're walking up from the livery now, like as not, just as we did. they'll be here in a minute. maybe we came in faster than we thought. it's a good ten miles, and with their horse it would take 'em half again as long as it did us. hilda. maybe. jamie [irrelevantly]. jove! what a magnificent night this is! hilda. isn't it? and see how round the moon is—it's perfectly lovely. jamie. dearest! hilda. what? jamie. i love you. hilda [pressing his arm]. sweetheart! jame. i do. [hilda murmurs incoherently.] tired of scurrying, the silent moon shines down upon these two of all the world, regardless. they lapse into silence—he holding one of her hands— and gaze at the pale orb of night floating up the sky. a couple turn the corner, south of the house. the young man is tall and angular. he wears huge spectacles. his face is thin and wan, very like that ann arbor tales of the girl beside him. indeed, they have many physical characteristics in common. she, too, wears spectacles. her mouth is straight, her com- plexion cloudy, but her eyes give evidence of an active brain behind them. he carries a luncheon basket awkwardly. at the corner they stop and he turns away as she lifts her dark cloth overskirt, and searches for her pocket. the quill, riding her curled-brimmed straw-hat at an angle of danger, sways impatiently. herbert [calmly]. something appears to annoy you—have you — minnie [impetuously]. i've lost my key! now isn't that aggravating! to think anything so per- fectly absurd should — herbert. the others haven't yet arrived appar- ently. possibly we might— minnie [with surprise]. oh, i wouldn't have you wait for the world! it must be one o'clock! [she glances up at a window of the second floor.] no, evidently, they haven't come. there's no light. of course hilda would wait. well, we'll ring and arouse the landlady; that's all. herbert [solicitously]. please don't think it would annoy me to wait for your room-mate and her friend—here on the porch. it wouldn't in the least, i assure you. besides, it always puts one out the door—a nocturne to be awakened late at night, and i dare say your landlady isn't a young person. minnie [smiling]. it's very good of you. she isn't young; she's quite old. quite as old, i think, as my mother. still i could ring, you know. herbert. oh, don't, please don't; that is, don't on my account. this isn't late for me. i often study till two. besides, to-morrow will be sun- day, and one isn't required to be about so early on sunday. minnie [still smiling]. i think it would be a trifle more accurate if you had said, “this is sunday.” i am positive it is after midnight. have you a watch p herbert. i am exceedingly sorry, but—but i didn't wear my watch to-day; being around the water, i thought—i thought, i might lose— minnie. yes, one does have to be careful around the water. i've lost my key, i know! herbert. i can't tell you how sorry i am. minnie. and the injustice of it is that you must be the one to suffer—waiting here for hilda. herbert. i shan't suffer; it will be a pleasure, believe — minnie. it's very good of you, of course; but you are quite sure i hadn't better ring p herbert. quite. don't do it, really. it's a lovely night, and — ann arbor tales minnie. well, we'd better sit on the porch, then, it's rather damp here, don't you think? [she moves toward the south steps.] herbert [following]. yes, i believe it is rather damp. there's been a heavy dew. one can't afford to get one's feet wet with so much bron- chitis about. minnie [sitting on the top step]. no indeed—l can't imagine where they can be! they were ahead of us all the way in. why didn't we think to ask at the livery if— herbert. i'm sure it wouldn't have done any good. you see they didn't get their horse where i got ours. minnie. oh, yes, to be sure. [anxiously..] but where in the world can they be p herbert. i recall having read once—in some french book if i remember rightly—that one should never count upon an affianced couple being in a given place at a given time. minnie [smiling at him]. i'm not sure that isn't true. still, hilda is usually quite discreet, and i can't — herbert. doubtless they'll be here in a moment; i shouldn't worry. minnie [suddenly]. why, how very impolite of me. to allow you to sit there all this time holding the door—a nocturne - that basket. won't you set it on the porch? [her- bert has held the basket on his knees with his hands spread out over the cover.] herbert. oh—ah—i wasn't thinking of-there, i guess that will be safe. [he sets the basket on the porch at his side.] minnie [leaning forward and gazing past him toward the street]. i wish they'd come! wasn't it perfectly absurd of me to lose my key p keep- ing you here! are you quite sure you'd just as lief ? herbert. yes, indeed—really—i like to sit out— really, it doesn't matter, not in the least. minnie. well while we are waiting we might as well go on where we left off. you were saying, on the way up from the livery — [hardly for a moment has herbert taken his eyes off the girl at his side.] herbert [floundering]. oh, yes, as i was saying —the—oh—ah—i was say—what was i saying, miss — minnie. have you forgotten so soon p i'm afraid the subject couldn't have held all your thought. you were telling me about the triliums. herbert [brightly]. oh, yes, to be sure; of course—the triliums. i was telling you they were to be found on the plains—of all places in the world ann arbor tales —right in the heart of the great american desert— as i'm told. minnie [earnestly]. are they, indeed p really, i never heard of such a thing. gray says positively, i am sure, that they are to be found growing only in damp soil; near rivers, for instance, or in marshes. i've never succeeded in finding them around here anywhere except down by the huron river or out state street at tamarack swamp. and to think of them growing away out there! it is the strangest thing i ever heard of—why, there's no water for miles, is there p herbert. not a drop. i'm told they've been found in the most barren places; flowering along- side cacti and sage-brush. minnie. you are quite sure they were the trilium, are you? it's possible of course— herbert. that my informant might be mistaken —yes; but i don't think he was. they look pre- cisely the same, and they analyze the same. i've seen his specimens. the leaf is identical in form. it is a trifle larger, that is all. i've never been able to distinguish any other variation, however slight. minnie. have you ever mentioned it to professor yarb p i'm sure — herbert. yes, i told him about them, and last summer i sent him a box. he analyzed them and the door—a nocturne is as much mystified as i. he's going to write a paper on the subject for this year's meeting of the american society. minnie. how i should love to see some! i won- der if it would be too much trouble for you to send me a few; just one or two. you have some pressed, doubtless. i'd like to take a hand in solv- ing the riddle. i intend to keep up with my botany, no matter where or what i teach, finally. herbert [joyfully]. do you? do you, really p minnie [earnestly]. i do indeed. herbert. of course i'll send you some. i'll mail you a box as soon — minnie [with a protesting gesture]. oh, i wouldn't have you go to that trouble for the world. just two or three, in an envelope. they will do quite as well. [she leans forward again and gazes past him down the street. he does not draw back as he did before.] why in the world don't they come p i shall have to talk to hilda, severely. herbert. oh, don't be hard on her. they're in —that is to say, they think a very great deal of each other, and no doubt — minnie. but it is so terribly late! herbert. i know, but it's very pleasant—such a night—much pleasanter than it is inside. and as for sleep, why one can sleep any night, while ann arbor tales such a moon as that, up there, one can't see often. minnie [quickly]. i do believe you're senti- mental. i'm not a bit, so we'll never get on. herbert [gazing into space]. i don't think two people ought to be alike — [he catches himself, stares at the moon and whistles without whistling. minnie regards him curiously from the end of her eye.] minnie [examining the cuff of one sleeve]. what do you mean by that? herbert [again floundering]. i—oh—ah—i was just thinking— we had a lecture on some such subject in psychology the other day. minnie [with a little sigh]. do you enjoy psychology p herbert. very much. minnie. have you ever made any experiments p herbert. only a few, just the more common ones. i've only had one course in it, you see. minnie [making a thrilling conversational leap). i've no doubt it is all very fascinating, but i don't think i should care to marry a psychologist. herbert ſquickly; edging nearer]. but i'm not a psychologist! i'm a botanist. minnie [very softly; looking away]. what do you mean—l — the door—a nocturne herbert [seemingly about to run madly into the face of the storm, but recovering himself]. i—oh —ah—i was just defending myself, you know. but why wouldn't you care to marry one p minnie [sighing again]. oh, i don't know. i think i should be in mortal terror all the time that he was just analyzing me and every one of my motives. herbert [dreamily]. i don't think you would have occasion. if he loved you he couldn't— minnie [trying to laugh lightly and succeeding in emitting a rather tame cackle]. love me! the idea! who would ever love a spectacled old thing like me? herbert. oh, you don't know, you know. be- sides you shouldn't talk that way about yourself. minnie [smiling full at him]. i should tell the truth, shouldn't i? herbert [locking and unlocking his fingers]. but it isn't the truth. minnie [looking down]. oh! herbert [with real courage]. that's the truth! you see the difference, don't you ? minnie. well, i'd like to know what i am if i'm not that. no one ever intimated before that i am anything else. my little brother has maintained it ever since he learned to talk. ann arbor tales herbert. well, you're not; you're — [he hesitates. thereafter he speaks quite as a loco- motive puffs on a steep grade. there are two or three large, lusty puffs followed by a chain of spas- modic little puffs.] minnie [encouragingly). yes? herbert. you're not! you're a—oh, don't you understand p i can't keep from telling you any longer, really—i tried to in the carriage, but the road was so bumpy, i — it seems as though i must make you understand. please try to—i — don't you see! i care for you very, very much and— i wrote my people all about it and—oh, don't you see, miss — i mean minnie — i want to ask — will you— minnie [they are very close. she looks up at him feelingly]. herbert! [the moon, aghast, dazed, thrown into a veritable spasm of lunar consterna- tion, darts behind a cloud. but these two do not notice. the moon is forgotten—all is forgotten—the stars, the earth, the hour—even botany / their heads are near together; thus they remain a long time, with- out speaking. the hatydid has ceased again her dis- mal song, and long since the cat slunk away behind the grape-trellis to seek new fields. the intense stillness of the hour absorbs them and makes them a part of itself. after a myriad atoms a bird, some— the door—a nocturne where, pipes a warning note, which is taken up by another bird. the couple on the further porch stir. her head has been resting against his shoulder and for a little time she has slept. in one hand he holds a bit of angel's food, left over from the luncheon, which he from time to time has nibbled indifferently.] jamie [flinging the cake away and stretching]. gee whiz! hilda [starting, sleepily]. wha—what is it? jamie [grumblingly]. aw, nothin', i just wish they'd come, that's all. hilda [plaintively]. aren't you happy, dear? jamie [yawning]. oh, i'm happy enough, i suppose, but this porch isn't exactly downy; i feel as though i'd been sitting here a month. hilda [sighing]. well i can't see where they are, either—for the life of me. jamie [bitterly]. the darned fools! hilda [with horror]. jamie! jame. well, aren't they p hilda [with some show of spirit]. no, they're not; and if you're so sick of sitting here, why don't you go home; i can wait. i'm not afraid. jamie [yawning again]. don't be silly. hilda. it seems to me you're the silly one; just as though you couldn't — jamie [impatiently]. well, if you think it's oo ann arbor tales fun sitting here all night waiting for two soft heads that don't know enough to ache when they're in pain, you're mistaken ; that's all. hilda [moving away from him]. i should think you'd be ashamed ! jamie [with rising impatience]. that's right; now get mad / hilda. i'm not mad; so there! but—i — [she begins to sniffle suspiciously. for some time neither speaks. the moon has waned and a strange, new light, of a sickly cast, is rising in the eastern shy. a restless bird in a tree near by pipes one nervous note ; them all is silence again.] jamie [stretching and again yawning]. what are you crying about? hilda [swallowing two or three times, chokingly]. i—l—i'm not crying — jamie [indifferently and quite as though he felt he must say something]. you are, too; what about? hilda. nothing. jamie. [he mutters.] hilda. what did you say ? jamie [doggedly]. i didn't say anything. hilda [coming a little closer]. you did, too, and i want to know what it was. jamie [impatiently]. i didn't say anything, i tell you! the door—a nocturne o hilda [choking up again]. that's right; now be ugly; just as though it were my fault; when you yourself suggested that we sit here. jame. i didn't think it would be for all night ! hilda [sticking to the point]. well you did sug- gest it, didn't you? jamie [jerking his head]. oh, i suppose so! [he sits with his elbows on his knees, his chin in his hands, and gazes at the rising light.] hilda. i'm just as tired as you are. jamie [sneeringly]. yes, i've no doubt! hilda [hopelessly]. oh, jamie! jamie [with a fiendishly sarcastic grin that she doesn't see between her fingers]. and you're catch- ing cold, too. hilda [recovering]. why, i'm not either; what makes you say that ? jamie [with withering sarcasm]. oh, aren't you? i thought you were—by the sniffles hilda [with some return of her former spirit]. you're a mean, horrid, old thing, just as mean and horrid as you can be; and i'll never speak to you again as long as i live! jamie [significantly]. oh, i guess you will. hilda. well, won't. jamie [gleefully]. there, didn't i tell you you would p o ann arbor tales minnie. hilda, where in the world have you been p hilda. and i should like to know where in the world you have been p minnie [severely and indicating the porch behind her]. we've been sitting on that porch all night, waiting for you. hilda [mocking her severity and indicating the porch behind her]. and we've been sitting on that porch all night, waiting for you ! jamie [to hilda coldly]. now that you have other company, i'll go. good-bye! [he rushes down the steps.] hilda [running to the rail and calling after him softly]. jamie! jamie! oh, jamiel [he appar- ently does not hear her. herbert stands by fumbling his hat and looking first at one girl then at the other, wonderingly. hilda turns from the rail and gazes at minnie who returns the gaze searchingly. hilda bites her lower lip and looks down. minnie leans against the casing of the front door, her hand on the knob. she anticipates a scene.] minnie. good-night—herbert! herbert. good-night—minnie! [they exchange one loving look and he is off. he proceeds in a direction opposite to that taken by jamie.] the door—a nocturne o minnie [regarding hilda whose eyes are upon her and filled with surprise]. hilda—tell me—what— hilda [hiding her face against the shoulder of her room-mate, who strokes her hair caressingly]. oh, minnie—minnie—he's gone—it's broken— minnie [convulsively, her grasp upon the door- knob, tightening. the knob turns. the door swings back]. oh! see hilda [lifting her face]. oh! [her eyes meet minnie’s. in the latter there is a smile which she shares weakly.] minnie. this is too absurd . open all night ! hilda [trying hard not to cry]. oh, minnie ' i don't know what— minnie [her arm around hilda]. there dear. don't cry. it will come out all right. and to think you should have broken with jamie while herbert and i were — [they pass into the hallway. min- nie, by closing the door softly behind them, renders the rest unintelligible to any one who might be passing just at this instant.] a modern mercury on a cool morning in mid-june two little boys, very dusty and wearing very grimy waists, sat on the turfed mound of an ancient circus ring in the old fair ground enclosure, intently watching the gaunt, half-naked figure of a man in flapping white breeches who, high-stepping, sprinted back and forth along the stretch of the old race track. their elbows on their knees, their chins in their grimy hands, they gazed fixedly at him whom they had trudged across the lots to see. for in his day he was the small boys' god, their best-loved hero, be- fore whom it was their greatest joy to bend the knee. “d’ you think he kin do it?” jimmy thurston finally inquired, as the spare, ridiculous figure of the man brought up behind the tenantless judges' stand and for an instant was lost to sight. willie trigger sneered. he was very superior, was willie. “sure he kin!” he exclaimed. “sure he kin || " i o ann arbor tales “i bet he can't,” jimmy replied curtly. “he kin too—'sides —” “'sides what?” the challenging jimmy asked, contemptuously. “my father says he kin.” “aw —” “he does too.” “aw, my pa says he can't—” “i d'care; he kin.” “how d'you know?” “well"—willie trigger hesitated. “well, my father says he guesses he kin beat a mengine / " at that jimmy thurston burst into jeering laughter. “he! hel hel” he cackled—“a nengine / he! he! why, a nengine goes—a nengine goes a mile in a minnit / " willie trigger had become very red; moreover he was choking, half with rage, half with confusion. he recognized the need of personal support. so he blurted:— “i know he kin, 'cause i seen him—onct!” “aw, yeh didn't neether,” jimmy thurston flatly contradicted. willie wriggled and dug his heel into the soft earth. “i did —” a modern mercury “didn't neether / " willie trigger sprang to his feet, his fists clenched. tears were rising now. with his eye jimmy thurston measured the dis- tance across the field to the white house at the gate where he knew his mother was. leaping forward he dashed suddenly away, and as he dodged the gurgling willie, cried: “li-ar! li-ar! li-ar!” it took willie trigger three seconds to perceive the situation and to act. like a hound, then, he was off in the other's wake. the straining jimmy, his heart bursting with re- gret, heard his pursuer panting at his heels. nearer! nearer! a scream suddenly rent the air, a scream that was carried on by a willing wind to the keen apprecia- tive ears of motherhood. as willie trigger was about to close upon the plunging form of jimmie, mrs. thurston flung back the screen door and ap- peared upon the narrow back porch, wiping her hands on her apron. “jim—mee/ jim—mee thurston!” she screamed. “maw!” yelled jimmy dolorously. at the maternal screech, willie trigger brought up standing. one instant he hesitated and then, showing his heels to the woman on the porch ann arbor tales whose arms were outstretched to receive her own, he scurried off in the direction of the judges' stand, as fast as his little legs could carry him. he heard the warning cry from the back porch:— “willie trigger, if you hurt jimmy, i'll skin you alive!” and at the corner of the judges' stand he ran full into the long, lank creature in the flapping “shorts” —and brought up, gaping. “well, well, who was after you ?” asked the towering runner, gazing down at the little grimy boy whose head seemed to come somewhere about his high-set knees. “nobody,” willie trigger mumbled. “who was that calling p” “i dunno.” willie looked up and the runner smiled down at him. “where do you live p” he asked. “on thayer street.” “way down there, eh? what you doing up here, then p” willie trigger again looked up into the gaunt creature's long, thin face, then down at the ground into which he proceeded to bore with the stubbed toe of one small shoe. “come to see you run,” he mumbled, and grinned sheepishly. a modern mercury bunny laughed drily. “well, i'll "–he began and stopped. then he said:—“you wait here, little chap; i'll just get into some clothes and we'll go home together; it's nearly noon. i live down your way —” the gentleness of his voice gave willie trigger a new courage. “i know it,” he exclaimed proudly; “i live 'cross the street.” the runner plunged into the box-like compart- ment of the disused judges' stand from which he issued in an incredibly short space of time more properly and far more becomingly clad. “how did you know i was going to practice out here p” he inquired with a show of interest. he made no effort to look down—for it would have meant an effort. “i follered yeh,” was the now prompt reply. and into bunny's man-heart that instant there welled a certain pride, but it was nowise to be compared to that which swelled the boy-heart of willie trigger, hero-worshipper. and so, down washtenaw avenue they walked together, through college street and on into the campus and across; willie trigger the while at- tempting vainly to keep step with his ill-matched companion. a modern mercury tor by casting light upon an unforeseen occurrence of great import, that but for him, must forever re- main obscure. as it was, bunny had made a friend, a champion, though he knew it not. ii in university hall that saturday night a man with steel-blue eyes, a white imperial and a single set of gestures, lectured on “the reconstruction of the south.” having been an active and successful carpet-bagger twenty-five years before, he had played a part of some importance in the rehabilita- tion of the southland and was qualified to speak with authority on the subject. the immense hall was but partially filled. the lecture was very dry and very uninteresting, save when, now and again a rolling period crowded with platitudes and false metaphors, was delivered by the pompous person on the rostrum. wilma found herself finally attempting to repeat backward the clause from the ordinance of ' which stared down at her from the arch of the stage. “religion, morality and knowledge, being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged —” ann arbor tales &e tapped her knee with her fan nd moved her # . “encouraged be forever shall education of the nd º she foundered. she tried again as so many others have tried and with no more success. she tapped her knee angrily, and nudged the sleepy bunny at her side. “let's get out," she whispered. he nodded. they were sitting on the aisle at the back. it was but a step to the door. he followed her, noiselessly. in the broad, silent corridor she looked up at him with a smile. “i simply couldn't stand it another minute.” she said. as they issued into the moonlight she drew in a full, long breath and asked: “why should any one want to sit indoors on such a night? it's—it's a crime / " she was very tiny beside him; he was very awk- ward beside her. “the long and the short of it,” they were called by those who knew them best. she was wont to defend their friendship by saying she detested little men, whilst he complained that great, tall, awkward women he abhorred. a modern mercury “well, if you're both satisfied,” nibs, her brother, said one day after half an hour of teasing; “i guess the public ought to be.” their friendship had grown from the chance meeting on the day of the state street race when nibsey defeated billy shaw and then was so igno- miniously defeated by the lank creature who now was his, as well as his sister's, closest friend and constant companion. that day their eyes had met—bunny's and the girl's—across a carriage seat. only for an instant though it was, each remembered the instant; wilma with a certain indefinite anger, bunny with a very definite desire that one day he might meet the owner of the eyes. they did not meet formally until a month after and then it was nibsey who named them to each other with many flourishes and mock heroics. in a very short time that glance across the carriage seat had developed into a close, fine companionship; a companionship so close indeed that it was deemed sufficient by divers of their friends to warrant whispers that bunny and wilma were engaged. for in ann arbor he has but to play two games of tennis with her, and take her on the river once, to have it become known that they are “engaged ” —whatever that sadly misused term may signify to the non-elect. ann arbor tales perhaps, however, in this case there was some reason for the smiles of patronizing acceptance and whispered suggestions on the part of their friends, of an unestablished but imagined relationship. bunny never was seen with any other girl and wilma, being out of college and therefore having a wider acquaintance among undergraduates than if she were a college girl, was only now and again beheld in the company of another man. one winter they had attended the choral union concerts together, had driven together, and in the spring they had walked together, rowed together. it was doubly hard for their friends to believe they were not engaged, for did they not, as well, attend all the lectures on the course of the s. l. a. p would a girl demean herself so far, suffer torture so exquisite, it was asked, as to attend sad lectures with one certain man if she were not very much in love with him p and if a man were not willing to make sacrifice of his happiness to be beside her would he take her to a lecture on a night in june, or even so much as suggest such a proceeding? in commenting and in speculating upon the “affair” their friends asked these questions, and other equally pertinent; and, as there were no re- plies forthcoming, they were compelled by the very absence of contradictory evidence to nod and smile a modern mercury in that patronizing and agonizing way that the un- engaged have ever smiled upon those whose hearts they believe dan cupid has been using for a target. as for nibsey, her brother, he said nothing. per- haps he did not care. or if he did care his certain knowledge that bunny was what he was wont to call “a ripper” and his sister “a good fellow,” may have carried with it a satisfaction that made the relation between them just and proper. however, that there may be no misunderstanding at the outset, it is quite safe to affirm so far at least as bunny was concerned, that he was hard hit. it was realization of this, a realization keen, active, that dismayed him. of course he believed, as was his right, that wilma liked him. but he more than liked her. he hardly felt it his privilege yet to tell her just how much he liked her, and doubtless could not even though he deemed the time had arrived to-day. thus he fretted, and procrastinated. even now as he walked beside her under the stars of a night in june that was full of fragrance, he felt himself floundering in a sea of uncertainty where edged the shores of which he knew not. so he sighed, then pulled himself together before she could seek to know the reason, and said: “you ought to have seen me this morning—ought o ann arbor tales to have seen me with a new acquaintance i made on the fair grounds.” and he told her of willie trigger and his exploit. she heard him through in silence. “do you know willie?” he asked. “no,” she said. after a moment she added, “don't you rather hate to be followed about by the small boys as though you were—as though you were a circus parade?” he laughed. it was not the first time she had made fun, as he deemed her attitude to be, of his athletic attain- ments, and the admiration engendered by them among ann arbor youth. “it's great!” he exclaimed. “simply great! you have no idea how it seems to know the small boys are gaping at you in wonder as you pass. i've watched them lots of times from the tail of my eye and seen them nudge their companions. oh, i tell you it's satisfying!” conscious as she was of the assumed vanity she affected a seriousness when she said:— - “but i should think you would rather grown-ups gaped at you.” “but what can i do to make 'em p’’ he asked wonderingly. “just point the way and i'll take it —” ––––– a modern mercury “oh, there are lots of ways,” she went on. “you're in the medical department, why don't you become a great doctor p” “i shall,” he exclaimed, “but that takes time. meanwhile i am steeling myself, practicing with the little boys, you know, so i sha'n't be overwhelmed when big people gape at me in wonder a little later —” “oh, you can't be serious!” she cried petulantly. “what's the use p” he asked and laughed. “what's the use on such a night, with the stars overhead, the tree toads scraping, and—and—you here p” “but i want you to be,” she said; and then ran on: “it has always seemed so silly to me when you great men come out in ridiculous clothes and run around and jump and play ball—just like over- grown babies.” “that's what we are,” he replied. “ann arbor is only a nursery. it's only different from other nurseries in that the nurses don't wear little caps and aprons.” he chuckled. “well, anyway, i wish you wouldn't,” she said plaintively. she lifted her face and looked up at him. “really p” he was in earnest now. “yes.” a modern mercury could do—as to take her in his two big hands and shake her until her bronze hair fell about her shoul- ders. but he did no such thing. she said, “well?" “you'll see,” he answered and they walked on. they sat on her porch for an hour and talked of other things. they did not hear the bells in the library tower as they rang out quarters, halves, three-quarters of the hour. in her room, after he had gone, her eyes chanced to fall upon his picture fixed with many others on a tennis-net ingeniously draped between two win- dows, and she said to the picture: “you're a great, tall, awkward, foolish old dear! there. . . .” but bunny, in the solitude of his own alcove, lay awake half the night floundering in that tossing sea of doubt. with the morning however, came resolve. “what's the use,” he muttered as he lathered his chin before the little square mirror tilted against the window at the height of his eyes. he would run once more—only once. and then — could she have meant it, he wondered, when she told him she would cut him from her list of friends if he failed to break the record. he smiled at the a modern mercury as he stepped out upon the broad porch of the low roofed house, the light of determination was in his eyes and the firmness of a set resolve had squared his chin. iii thursday evening, after he had had his supper, willie trigger's mother dispatched him to the post- office, with a strict injunction to be home by eight o'clock. primarily as a result of this injunction and secondarily as the result of an inherent love of night, willie trigger dawdled on the way. a down-town lad of his acquaintance prevailed upon him to assist in an attack upon a certain cherry-tree, the location of which, on spring street, he very well knew. he was not loth to join forces with the down-town youth and forth they fared together, to the end that it was after eight even before willie turned into huron street on his long way home. full of ox-heart cherries and contentment, he did not hasten. a whipping perhaps, in any event a scolding and a summary dismissal to his bed might await him, but what availed it? “i d' care,” he grumbled, bravely, and scuffed his feet. as he approached the cook house loud talk at- tracted his attention away from a confectioner's ann arbor tales window where were displayed all the goodies dear- est to the hearts of little boys. he quickened his pace. two men were quarreling with a hackman at the hotel door. the hackman proclaimed his right to a dollar fare; his patrons contested. willie trigger, looking up from the walk, noted the appearance of the men. the one was short and squat and gross of features, with a great black mustache like a duster that he pulled persistently as he haggled with the angry hackman. his com- panion was taller, square of shoulder, with a long, thin face, and a straight, hard mouth above his square, clean-shaven chin. in expectation of a fight, willie trigger held his breath. “there's a half-dollar,” he heard the fat man say, “now take it or leave it.” he flung the coin to the pavement, turned and entered the hotel behind his friend, while the hackman, grumbling still, stooped, recovered the coin and, clambering upon his ancient vehicle, drove away. willie trigger was disap- pointed; disappointed that there had been no open fight and disappointed that the hackman had found the half-dollar. his nimble eyes had followed it as it rolled half way beneath a trunk that stood on end beside the curb. when the hackman discovered the coin, willie's heart sunk and he set out upon his a modern mercury way. presently he commenced to whistle shrilly and it was apparent that the incident had made no more impression upon his plastic mind than it had upon the minds of the men with whom the hack- man had exchanged compliments. as it was, they were shown to a room by a boy in buttons and the loafers in the office saw them together not again that night. the short, squat creature with the huge mustache locked the door and flung off his coat. “well, we're here!” he exclaimed. his friend made no reply. “jack,” he went on, “if i don't make a killin' saturday, my name's mud—mud with a big m! this town is jammed full of marks—soft, easy, mushy marks. a guy could come in here with three shells and a pea and clean it up in a day —” “if the police would let him," his friend put in with a grin. “rats!” was the contemptuous retort. “i’ve been figgerin' it all out," he went on, sinking upon a chair and spreading his short legs to accommodate his capacious portliness. he savagely bit the tip from a black, fat cigar. “i’ve been figgerin' it all out and it's goin' to be easy. they're muckers; farm-hands; easiest sort o' pickin'!” “well, how you going to do it p” ann arbor tales before the wavy mirror on the imitation mahog- any dresser, his companion smoothed his hair with a pair of military brushes taken from his satchel. the fat man chewed his cigar. “i’m goin' to get next to-night,” he said. “there's always more or less geezers hangin' round the hotel in a college town, and i'll do a little pumpin'. i'll find out just what this phenom's been doin' since he went into trainin’.” “he’s the only one i'm fearin’,” his friend put in. “if he can do the sprint under ten seconds flat he's got morrison beat!” “and you the trainer!” exclaimed the fat man with a deep laugh. “say, if your man don't lay all over him—say, i won't do a thing —” “well, be careful, that's all,” the other warned. “don’t try to do anything to-night. plenty of time to-morrow. you can go out to the track and have a look at him; he'll be tryin' out.” “won't you go?” the pudgy creature asked. his friend turned from the stand where he was washing his hands. “say punky!” he exclaimed, “do you take me for a blamed fool p. big business me goin' out there; wouldn't it p do you suppose some of those wise guys wouldn't know me? i guess not! i'll stay right here under cover till morrison shows up a modern mercury to-morrow afternoon. you can go out; and when you get back you can tell me how this bunny strikes you—but if i were you i wouldn't distribute any coin until saturday. talk “morrison' and wag your head a bit and get 'em going; then cover their cash all you want to —” “aw —” the other began. “that's right!” his friend warned; “i’ve been up against this game a little oftener 'n what you have and i know 'em; i haven't been doin' the strong arm act for two years at western college for nothin'—if it wasn't that i'm goin' tº quit i wouldn't go into the game with you; as it is, ain't i got as big an interest in th' killin' as you have, i'd like to know p don’t we break even p it's a fair chance and if they's any show of coppin' out any of the loose change of these mamma's boys, i'm the child to do it—with your valuable and sporty assistance, punky. d'you see?” apparently punky did, for he muttered, “aw right,” and flecked the ash from his cigar. he puffed quickly twice and then said: “giddings, do you s'pose morrison's next p” “naw,” giddings replied contemptuously. “i sent out a feeler—sorter touched him up on a “sell- out” to see how he'd take it and he got red-headed. said if it wasn't to be a fair race and the best man o ann arbor tales win, he'd pull out. i gave him the ‘ha-ha' and passed him a con. about just seein how he felt be- cause i wanted it square and then worked the “honor-talk’ strong. he calmed right down and got interested. he's all right; you needn't worry about him. it's this bunny; you've got to have a peek at him before saturday, then let your judg- ment do the rest.” “aw yes!” punky exploded—“aw yes — judgment be blowed! if this bunny's square, o. k. ; if he's square and slow, o. k.; if he's square and too fast for your “wonder,’ why —” he hesitated. “what?” his friend inquired calmly. “oh well; you leave it to me,” was the signifi- cant reply. giddings laughed. “you can work the game,” he said, “only don't let 'em think we're playin' together; some wise guy might have an idea and put the whole push next. you know what would happen then, don't you?” he inquired wisely. his companion did not reply. he went over to the one window of the room and gazed down into the lighted street. suddenly he turned back and said: “you go to bed; i'm goin' down to the office and get next.” and he vanished. a modern mercury the public room of the old hotel was filled with students. the events of saturday formed the one topic of conversation. in the process of “getting next” punky williams, sporting man, (with a record not altogether immaculate) by maintaining an open ear and a closed mouth, learned that one name was on the common lips almost as frequently as that of “bunny.” it was “morrison.” punky williams was satisfied. he asked simple but sig- nificant questions now and again of various youths who lounged near him. he affected a passive, a rather paternal interest in the “meet,” the sprinting event in which was conceded by all to be the most important. he learned enough to satisfy him that, so far as he was concerned, but two men would run—bunny of the u. of m. and morrison of west- ern college, trainer giddings' protégé, the other entries were unworthy of consideration. he sought his companion in the little room up-stairs with a heart as light as thistle down and a face that glowed with pleasure. the next morning he walked out to the fair grounds, seeking direction from time to time from the people whom he passed. there were perhaps a hundred students in the paddock watching the exercises. punky williams wriggled his way among them; his little ears recep- ann arbor tales tive, his mouth close shut. presently the crowd yelled and he craned over the enclosure rail. at the top of the course bunny paused. with an air of passive interest, punky williams took out a stop watch, then fixed his eyes upon the figure up the course. he saw an arm thrust above his head and the sunlight glinted on the metal of the starter's pistol. he caught the time as the report rang out. and as bunny high-stepped across the tape he shut his watch with a click and wriggled back to the rim of the crowd, observed in the moment's clamor by no one save a single small boy in a very grimy shirt-waist. as the bells in the tower of the court-house op- posite the hotel rang out the hour of noon, he burst in upon the loafing giddings, who, at his friend's most obvious excitement exclaimed: “what th' devil's th’ matter; you look as though you'd seen a ghost?” - “well! i have!” the breathless punky puffed. “giddings,” he cried, “i’ve seen him / i held the watch on him. it wasn't his real speed,—and he came over the tape grinning; but—he did it in - /" giddings with an expression of complete disgust upon his smooth, thin face, sat down again. “punky, you give me a pain!” he exclaimed. ann arbor tales perhaps willie had not heard the maternal call. at the instant of its issue he was balanced on the top of the back fence across the street, hidden from the maternal eye by the intervening house. at the second call he plumped down upon a soft ash heap on the other side. if he did hear he gave no sign, but, after dusting his pantaloons with little flips and pats of his small brown hands, he ran with all the speed that he could muster, across the wide, uneven lot. presently he became lost to sight among the gnarled and broken trees of a once prolific apple orchard, beyond. issuing from the orchard on the farther side, he crossed another lot—first wriggling wormlike beneath a low wire fence—and came out into the dusty road that led to the old fair ground enclosure. to-day that road, as a wide, smooth street disfigured only by the tracks over which the flat-wheeled trolleys bump, marks the northern boundary of ann arbor's ultra exclusiveness. be- hind hedges or half hidden amid the trees, nestle snug little houses that seem to cry out against all vulgar intrusion and hug themselves in the very joy of their most obvious respectability. along this road, thick with dust; now obscured in a cloud of his own raising, now distinct against the background of the high board fence, willie trigger trudged. arriving at the long ticket win- a modern mercury dow he was dismayed to find that the hatch was shut. bunny had told him there would be a ticket for him at the window—a ticket for him ex- pressly, in an envelope bearing his name, else he would not have deserted his dinner to be the first on hand. save for a solitary woman whom he saw among the trees in the wood across the way, the region about appeared deserted. it was not yet one o'clock, but willie trigger did not realize this. stoically he sat down at the edge of the long low platform below the ticket-office window and re- signed himself to waiting. after ten minutes a dog bounded from the wood into the road. motionless, he regarded the lad curiously. as long as he remained in sight willie amused himself by throwing stones at him. after half an hour a carriage drew up close to the fence and stopped. he slouched over to the narrow pedestrians' gate at one side of the office. two young men, carrying a large, black tin box between them, alighted from the vehicle, paid the driver and entered the enclosure, fastening the gate behind them. when they had disappeared willie pulled at the gate but suddenly desisted in his attempt to force an entrance as the heavy hatch of the ticket- office fell with a bang and the same two young men were revealed at the weather beaten counter. a modern mercury ceased. he picked up the stone. he poised it in the air an instant, then with all the strength at his command he flung it diagonally across the fence. he heard the clatter as it struck the thin boards at the end of the ticket office. he did not linger to observe any further effect of his assault, for when the officious young man who had denied to him the existence of his ticket, crawled upon the ledge and gazed off down the road, there was no little boy in sight. chagrined though he was, willie did not for an instant accuse his hero of any lack of faithlessness. indeed, as is the wont of small boyhood, he ac- cepted the rebuff unquestioningly. he made no effort at analysis. it was merely a whimsical cavort of that unreliable fate that not infrequently plays tricks on those who walk in knickerbockers. so willie, nothing loth, reasoned simply that as a ticket had never been necessary before, he was quite prepared to gain an entrance to the grounds without one, now. indeed, even as the young man in the office climbed upon the ledge and gazed off down the road, willie was examining the fence for loose boards, along the familiar stretch behind the ancient grand stand. many times and oft, when ball games were in progress, had he, with the assistance of jimmy thurston, clambered over that tall board ann arbor tales fence frequently to the complete demolishment of his shirt waist, which had a nasty habit of catching on the barbs of the wire that an ingenious care- taker had strung along the top, but, in any event, successfully, to the more important issue of an en- trance to the field. to-day, however, he was alone, and getting over the fence was quite a different matter. since thursday he had not caught a glimpse of jimmy, but now he was wishing that the fat, familiar figure of the lad would appear around the corner of the fence. there was not a loose board along the whole stretch, so far as he could discover. not infrequently he had, with half a dozen sturdy jerks, succeeded in ripping off a plank sufficiently wide to permit of squeezing through; but two days before the same far seeing care-taker who, with so much ingenuity, profanity and trouble, had strung the barbed wire at the top, had gone over the entire stockade and nailed securely every board that seemed to him to be deficient in tightness. it is saddening to tell it; for it rather weakens the character of willie trigger, but at the end of his second futile patrol along the fence, he flung himself down at the roots of an ancient apple- tree and cried. were all the fates of boyhood set against him this day in june “dum it—gosh dum it,” he mumbled, gazing a modern mercury to the small boy, peering around the corner, to see them run. two men detached themselves from the crowd and seemed to him to be making directly for where he stood. willie trigger wasted no time in idle speculation as to their purpose. turning heel he ran. he plunged around the upper end of the stand. the door there was open. he disappeared into the long room directly beneath the seats. he was familiar with the floor plan. he knew that the partition on his left was false and that the various little doors on the right opened into tiny dressing rooms. he knew that the one door on the left offered access, if unfastened, to the cramped and crowded space beneath the lower tiers of seats,<- a dark hole used these may years as a catch-all for the débris of the grounds, old cans, broken bottles, worn out shoes, and ancient hoop-skirts. he tried the door; it opened and he pulled it shut after him, just as the door at the end was flung back and the two men entered. “where's his room p” he heard asked, in an un- dertone; then the heavy footfalls on the loose boards of the floor. his eyes became adjusted to the darkness and through the many chinks of the partition he per- ceived the men. he recognized them as those who had haggled with the hackman at the cook house ann arbor tales two days before. he held his breath, and, as there really was nothing else for him to do, became an eavesdropper. “punky, we got t' separate,” giddings said. “they'll be next if you don't; it'll be all right for you to drop in here while they're dressin' but don't be wise. and for heaven's sake, don't get gay; it's a long chance you're takin' and you'll take it i know, with five hundred dollars in the balance.” “don't you worry,” punky replied significantly. “i’m takin' no chances; that's why i got the dope. you couldn't buy this bunny for a million; and you say morrison's as bad. you just leave it to me. i'll be hangin' around, you bet. when you're dishin' up the soft stuff, you just call me and say, ‘here, take this in there.' i'll take it—in she goes—and if it don't mean morrison'll win this here intercolle- giate, i'm a lobster, good and plenty. they'd never git next in the world.” “well, for heaven's sake don't put in too much,” giddings muttered. “leave it to me,”—was the terse reply and then they went into one of the dressing-rooms and their voices came only in muffled tone to willie in his hiding-place. he was not quite certain of the meaning of what he had heard. he was only certain of the name— ann arbor tales wilma morey's face flushed crimson. her eyes lighted and her lips quivered with the excitement of the moment. behind her the pressure of the crowd had given away somewhat and she leaned over the rail, eagerly, her fingers curled in the palms of her hands, every muscle tense. she saw an arm sud- denly lifted above the runners' heads and caught the glint of the sunlight on the barrel of the pistol. the report sounded a long way off, or as though her ears were muffled. down the course they came, all heads low save bunny's; he had a way of tilting his back, and breathing hard through his nose. in an instant, as she watched, they passed the further end of the grand stand and in another the foremost had crossed the line. pandemonium broke loose. the crowd in the paddock tore down the fence and rushed into the track surrounding these modern mercuries. wrapped in the robes their coaches had held out to them they were led away and the megaphone man in the judges' stand was compelled to clang the deep-throated bell quite three minutes before he was able to convince the throng that he had something very particular to say. “first heat,” he shouted. “morrison, ten and one fifth; bunette, ten and two-fifths; cady, ten and a half.” the stand, the crowd in the track, a modern mercury even the ancient circus rings in the distance swam before wilma morey's eyes. she lifted her hand- kerchief to her burning cheek. it was cruel. he had lost; lost after all his patience, all his hope, all his effort. conscious as she was that the first heat did not mean all, she yet realized that it might mean much. if she might only catch his eye, she thought, and let him know that she among all the others believed in him. what was she thinking, she asked herself, suddenly. then she smiled. in the buzz of conversation all about, and amid the cries from the track below she caught varying words that seemed to her, in her state of supreme suspense, to offer a modicum of hope. still— still — she confessed to herself her disappoint- ment. she wished that she had not come out at all. the next event was “throwing the hammer”; and then the hurdles would be run. should she stay ? she asked herself. involuntarily she moved toward the end of the stand where the stairs were. “what in thunder's the matter; you going?” she heard a voice ask, then felt a strong hand on her arm. she turned and looked up into the face of her brother. she clutched his wrist. “oh, nibsey,” she cried, “he was beaten; wasn't he p” he stared at her quizzically. then he laughed a modern mercury willie trigger decided then and there that he had never before seen such a pretty girl. she was ever so much prettier, he calculated, than the new hired girl in the house next door, at home. he had fallen desperately in love with her at first sight. then wilma spoke to him and his boy heart bounded. “do you know him, little man p” she asked, softly. he wished she had not called him “little man" particularly with so many about, but her voice was so gentle and her eyes were so beautiful that he for- gave her in his heart straightway and answered, looking down, “uh huh; he lives 'cross th' street from our house.” her eyes took on a greater brilliance then and a smile played about the corners of her pretty mouth. “so you are willie trigger, are you?” she asked so low that he alone might hear. “oh, i know all about you ; he told me.” willie trigger never knew what joy it was to live until that instant. to think that he, the great bunny, had told her all about him! it rendered him for the moment speechless. yet he gave no sign of the swelling of his heart unless a sudden kick at the post to which he clung, and a low, foolish laugh might be taken as a sign. he felt her hand upon ann arbor tales side of the thin partition. he glimpsed, as well, the other man; his trousers turned up, his coat and waistcoat off, his sleeves rolled to his shoulders. he was busy squeezing lemons into a pail. pres- ently he poured the contents of another pail into the first, then dumped a bag of sugar into the mixture which he stirred vigorously. “here, morrison; don't drink that rotten water; drink this,” he shouted and filled a glass from the pail. morrison, a curly-headed man with knots of muscle on his legs that looked like coils of rope, gulped greedily. “here, gimme some of that; this man in here's thirsty,” the familiar black mustached man called out. he took up the glass and moved toward the half-open door of one of the little dressing-rooms. willie trigger was by some instinctive force, seem- ingly, moved to sudden action. he was about to slip past the black mustached man and enter the little room when he was perceived. a kick was aimed at him and he was adjured to “make himself scarce or git his block knocked off.” thoroughly frightened, he slouched away and ran into the open where people were too interested in other things to knock the blocks off little boys and where it didn't smell so stuffy and unpleasant. he sped across the track where the uprights had a modern mercury been erected for the pole vaulting, and later he be- came one of the group that formed a crescent be- hind the football kickers. he watched, with admira- tion unconcealed, the unerring pedal movements of the heavily shod young men who sent the ball so beautifully skyward. meanwhile, wilma awaited impatiently at the grand stand rail the last heat in the sprint event. she saw the drop-kickers leave the paddock and heard indistinctly the record that was called across from the tower-like judges' stand; but these things were not to her liking. her eyes upon the track below, she saw a young man in sweater and knee breeches vault the fence beside the stretch and rush across. he shouted a word to the megaphone man who at once lifted the glistening instrument to his lips and shouted: “is there a doctor on the grand stand p he's wanted down below. a man has been taken sud- denly sick.” the pink fled from her cheeks. then she smiled. she realized the absurdity of the little spasm of fear that had seized her. she glanced down at her card again. the runners were jogging up the stretch. she counted them. there was one missing. another look of fright came into her eyes. she felt some ann arbor tales face. his lips were tight drawn and showed his teeth and—his eyes were shut! on he came in ad- vance of all the rest, plunging, swerving. five more strides! she closed her eyes, and when she opened them it was to see him throw up his arms and fall headlong across the line. he lay there motionless. the other runners passed him, and the crowd broke into the track and she saw no more. in the judges' stand the megaphone man waited. how she got there, whether she was carried, walked naturally, or flew, she could never tell, but of a sudden, as it seemed, wilma discovered that she was in the grand stand again, clinging to a post at the top of the stairs, while beside her hovered willie trigger. she heard the bellow of the mega- phone man: “last heat, one hundred yards! winning time nine and four-fifths seconds, breaking the inter- collegiate record! winner—” the crowd knew the winner and did not wait. her fingers relaxed in the palms of her hands. a tremor passed over her. she looked down, breathing hard. “oh, you darling!” she cried, and willie trigger, who had not really understood at all, hung his head in mute embarrassment. a modern mercury vi that night, on a low stone horse-block in front of his mother's house sat willie trigger gazing at a lighted window in the second story of the house opposite, across the drawn shade of which figures passed and passed again. in that room he knew his hero lay sick. he wondered how sick; per- haps, he speculated, as sick as he once had been after eating many green apples. he would watch and wait. some one surely would come out of the house before his bedtime. he had followed the hack from the grounds, had seen the long, slim body carried into the house. no one paid the least attention to him so he crossed the street and seated himself on the horse-block. it was not for him to witness the little drama that was being played be- hind the window shade. before he opened his eyes bunny heard, like high running surf, a low and rythmic rumble. it was very soothing. “what's the matter p” he exclaimed, suddenly, staring at nibsey morey who stood, like a wooden indian, at the foot of the bed. then he felt something very cool against his fore- head and closed his eyes again. it was no matter, he thought. nibsey withdrew with a nod. ann arbor tales “he seems to be going to sleep,” wilma said. he heard the voice and opened his eyes again with a start. “you here!” he muttered. and he knew it was she by the touch of her hand upon his cheek. she told him then what had happened. he smiled feebly, patiently, as though he realized she was only trying to comfort him. she slipped down upon her knees beside the bed. “don't you understand,” she whispered, and her voice sounded far away to him, “you ran so fast the others were away behind, and you broke the record, and—oh—oh—bunny." she hid her face on the pillow beside his. then it all became clear to him, her love, and the depth and meaning of it. he forgave her for what he was pleased to call, in his mind, the white lie of her comfort. “dearest,” he murmured, dreamily, “it’s all right; it's all right.” he stroked her hair, feebly. then, after a moment, he muttered, quite to himself: “what happened, anyway; why was it they wouldn't let me run ?” the day of the game in which they had so valiantly wallowed for a good two hours—a splendid contest for the honor of the colors on their stockings—rode their fellows' shoul- ders uncomfortably, as the cavalcade, shapeless, soulless, inchoate but voiceful, seethed and surged across the field. one of them, to save himself from falling, clutched wildly at the long hair of the bare- headed youth beneath him; another planted a heavy heel unwittingly in a second bearer's mouth, and the youth wrenched free and ran up the field sopping his bloody lips, but turning each tenth step to wave his reddened handkerchief and yell. it was such a scene as might have been witnessed by grecian maidens in the stadium of old, when other young giants—the distant ancestors of these borne now in triumph—were themselves carried, as loftily, as triumphantly, down the course. the shouting continued so vigorously that it shook the windows of the narrow, low-ceiled, suffocating room where other youths—the van- quished—were peeling the garments of the battle, and silently rubbing their smooth, pink bodies with wide, coarse towels. the eyes of every girl above were turned down the field and all were alight; each soft cheek glowed with ruddy color, every nerve was tense. among these now subdued spectators was one the day of the game with a yell of almost demoniacal joy, the mob surged beneath the veranda, the warriors crouching on their unsteady pedestals to avoid the timbers overhead. as he was borne beneath, and out of her delighted sight, adams cast one glance up at the girl leaning eagerly across the rail. her eyes had been awaiting his and the light that flared in both their eyes as they met told her that he had fought for her; told him that she had known he'd win. - she rose, then, folded her little flag and thrust it into the pocket of her coat. with the others she descended to the club room below and waited for him there. she withdrew to one side and watched with curi- ous interest the great crowd in the street, fretting impatiently for a nearer glimpse of the victors. the four horses had been taken from a high tally-ho and a score of youths were running ropes from the front axle of the vehicle away down the street. the girl perceived it was the intention of the crowd to drag the tally-ho to the city in the good old way of joyous, eager crowds. and as she watched she saw a man in the blue overalls of a laborer, his face and hands smoke-blackened, break through the throng on the walk and approach the club house. she saw a policeman step in front ann arbor tales of him and bar the way. the laborer and the officer seemed to argue. the former, his face to- ward her, she saw gesticulate angrily and stamp his foot, and then she saw a look of dumb pain in his blackened face as the officer, without more ado, seized him by the shoulders, roughly, and turn- ing him about, pushed him into the crowd which parted to make way for his broad, squat figure. the girl felt a hand upon her arm. she turned quickly and looked up into adams' face. the little light of fright fled from her eyes and a mist gathered in its place as she murmured eagerly: “oh, john, john, how glorious it was!” he smiled down at her gladly. “and see,” she said, “ look—they are going to drag the team down town in the tally-ho.” through the window he saw the throng. his face at the pane was recognized and a cheer rose that prompted the girl to draw back, blushing. from where she stood at one side she could see a broken line of the crowd. “oh, look, john!" she cried, “there's that dirty old man again. he's been drinking—the police drove him away before.” he turned in the direction of her gaze, then drew away instantly from the window. “what's the matter p” she asked. the day of the game his face was pale and his mouth was set in a straight line. “nothing,” he replied quickly. “come—" and started toward the door opening upon the now deserted field. she followed him unquestioningly. on the porch she said: “aren't you going on the tally-ho with the team p.” “no," he replied, “i don't like being made a fool of. there's a gate over there on cass avenue. we'll go out that way and they won't see us.” “but, john—” “i don't want to ride down town in state,” he complained, testily. “i'd rather be with you. i shall have to be with them until train time. now, i'd rather be with you.” and he looked down at her and smiled. by a devious route they finally reached the campus martius and at the little door of a big woodward avenue hotel he left her, for she had told him there would be friends awaiting her there with whom she would take dinner later. “at the train, dear?” she said, as he opened the door for her. “yes. good-bye till then.” she followed his great figure with her eyes and the day of the game “but what about the girls " inquired the cap- tain with a twinkle in his own eyes that was almost youthful. “well—they will be, too—sometimes,” the com- missioner replied. in the lobby of the russell house, where the team was installed, the mayor of detroit—who himself had been an undergraduate once and remembered it—addressed the throng below him, from the first broad landing of the wide marble stairway. his rounded periods were cheered to the echo; and when he drily observed that all the policemen had been taken off duty the roof fairly lifted and guests came pouring into the corridors, their faces clearly indicating their alarm. “you know,” the mayor observed, his eyes twinkling,-“we’ve what they call a slow town here. well, it rests with you boys, for this night at least, to make it fast. moreover, it's an old town, a very old town, and wherever you find an absence of paint you have my permission and the permission of the commissioner of police to re- decorate. i suppose red would be the proper tint. i have had a fondness for the color ever since i was one of you—an undergrad. at old ann arbor —” in the pandemonium that ensued the mayor judi- ciously withdrew. the crowd “rushed” the lobby, o ann arbor tales and staid old men, in town over the day, sought places of greater security on landings, behind pil- lars, and in corners whence might be had a view of the proceedings without, necessarily, participation. one by one various members of the team ap- peared at the head of the stairway and at each ap- pearance a welcome of ringing cheers was sounded. the director of athletics, a little man with a wiry mustache and a square chin addressed the crowd from the top step after prolonged cries of “speech! speech!” the trainer, a huge man with a face like a fist, a cockney accent, and the shoulders of an ox, shouted a few phrases above the din. each time he uttered the word, “michigan,” which he insisted upon pro- nouncing “mitch-ti-gan,” he was cheered wildly. when adams appeared on the upper landing and hesitated there the commotion became deafen- ing. a section of the throng swept up to him, seized him and carried him further down where he was made to blurt a few incoherent sentences in which one caught, above the noise, a constant repetition of the words—“fellows”—“great”—“wiped 'em up "—“knew it.”—“right stuff"—and others from the campus jargon, generally as unintelligible as ute gutterals. ann arbor tales and why all this stampede of ecstasy p because two minutes before the umpire's call of time, john adams, a tall, broad, blonde giant, whom few of his worshippers really knew, had found an elliptical pig-skin and, rushing like an engine of destruction down a well turfed field, had touched it to the ground behind a pair of slim, straight poles. iii the theatre was packed. the throng extended into the lobby where the ticket scalpers in the faces of the police hawked their coupons each of which called for “an orchestra chair on the aisle three rows back.” the leader of one group leaned against a convex bulletin board bearing the lithograph of a gaily garbed soubrette in red, and waving his cane shouted the first line of a familiar college song. each man of the group lent his voice to the clamor and there was at once precipitated a riot of discord in which the original air was lost in a brazen yell. there was much rushing; a congestion at the win- dow of the box office at which hands were thrust between the fingers of which dangled government notes of various denominations. beyond the win- dow, his bust framed in the narrow rim of metal the treasurer of the theatre sat on his high stool dealing out the tickets with the sang-froid and ease ann arbor tales crowd cried its huge delight and the college yell was flung across the footlights to the end that several of the dancers made missteps, and, covered with a confusion that brought forth another cheer, rushed into the wings. after that first catastrophe the audience lent itself to a full enjoyment of the piece. occasionally when the chief comedian gave utterance to a joke of ancient manufacture, the throng gave voice to its displeasure, by way of criticism, but more often the clamor sprang from keen appreciation of a song or bit of funny “business.” in all the audience there was, perhaps, but a single spectator whose face showed him to have no interest either in the audience and its noise or the action on the stage. he sat at one end of the bal- cony, back from the rail, unnoticed by those about him, satisfied, seemingly, to look on without partic- ipation either in the pleasure or the anger of the crowd around him. when his gallery champion cried out his name he had shrunk in his seat and almost held his breath, but now he sat up, his arms folded across his deep, broad breast. he had entered the theatre late. indeed there had been no one in the lobby when he bought his ticket. he was glad when he learned the lo- cation of his seat. he had thus far avoided all the day of the game contact with the crowd. he would continue to avoid it. through the first long act he sat looking down, apparently seeing nothing, staring blankly as though dreaming, yet awake. when the second act was well under way, he glanced at his watch. he drew out his hat from be- neath the chair and inconveniencing no one, left his seat. he glided up the aisle close to the wall. in the lobby, less brilliant now, he squared his shoul- ders and pulled in a long, deep breath. he lighted a cigarette and for a space stood just outside the door, in the street, idly watching the passers-by. at the soldier's monument a group of students —he recognized them as such in the lighted thor- oughfare—had formed a ring around some one who appeared to be dancing on the asphalt as they shouted, rythmically, and clapped their hands. as he watched, adams saw the ring part on the side nearest him and he glimpsed the dancer. all the blood went out of his face. he threw away his cigarette and buttoned his coat nervously. with a cry, the ring resolved itself into two lines and paraded down the street with the dancer, who was obviously unsteady on his legs, supported by a twain of students at the front. adams, at the edge of the curb, perceived the goal toward which the poor little procession was making its way—the portal of o ann arbor tales a huge german restaurant which he knew well. a picture of its interior as he remembered it flashed upon his mind—the long room, filled with tables, many white clad waiters, stolid of face, light of tread. the head of the procession reached the wide door, bright beneath the great electric sign above. he waited until the last man had entered, then crossed the street swiftly. in the outer hall he heard a medley of noises beyond the mahogany and glass partition. he heard the quick shuffle of feet. some one was trying to dance on the sanded floor. in the midst of the jig he flung back the connecting door and entered the room of riot. iv he was immediately perceived and the crowd with a single voice shouted him a welcome. through the shifting gossamer of smoke that filled the room he distinguished many familiar faces. “come over here, old man,” he heard some one call, and turned. he stared without sign of recog- nition at a young man, who, with many gestures, indicated a vacant chair at a near-by table. he saw the smoke, the waiters gliding noiselessly through it, the littered floor, the wet, glistening table-tops. these misty details he saw mistily, as one sees things in a dream. the day of the game his face was pale; there were unfamiliar lines about his mouth, and an unnatural glitter was in his eyes. he saw the dancer, a man of age who wore the clothes of a laborer, fling himself heavily upon a frail chair at the nearest table, across which he leaned unsteadily, wagging his head and muttering incoherently. adams strode over to him and laid a hand upon his shoulder. “come,” he said, quietly. with an effort the man balanced his head and lifted his heavy eyes. “come,” adams repeated. it was as though the youths at the other tables knew it to be a psychological moment. the noise subsided. every eye in the room was intent upon adams, strong in his splendid youth, and the man beside whom he stood and who was weak in his age. adams was seen to encircle the man's shoulders with one arm and fairly lift him from the chair. on his feet he was unsteady. adams supported him to the door of the restaurant, which swung back noiselessly as the ill-mated couple disappeared. then were exchanged many glances among those who had watched the little play in silence. -- the day of the game the city streets at night the uncertain quality of a looking-glass wantonly smeared with pitch. he blinked in the yellow glare of the street illu- mination. it was as though he were passing through a tunnel of brilliance. a car whirred by, with clanging gong. he caught a fleeting, swift glimpse of the several passengers. as the cab proceeded, his attention was attracted now and then to groups of young men loitering at various corners as though in contemplation of some deed, very secret, if not very terrible. the lilting chorus of a college song that he recognized was brought to him in the noiselessly rolling cab. be- fore the last store-lights in the business district were passed, he had obtained such an impression of the city as he had never had before. through the window in the door he saw the skeleton trees in grand circus park as the cab cut the circle of its area, and he shivered at the pros- pect of the winter they suggested. a sound very close to him caused him to start. he smiled, looked down, and the smile went out of his eyes and left them cold and hard. the man beside him had succumbed to the com- fort of the cab, and, asleep, was snoring gently. passing beneath an electric lamp, the light fell an instant on his face—pale beneath the stubble beard the day of the game policeman passed, indolently swinging his night stick. adams smiled at the recollection. the cab came opposite a tall apartment house at the junction of a cross-town car line. on the ground now occupied by the ungainly, rambling pile of stone, he remembered vividly, had stood, when he was a very small boy—hardly big enough to push his cart—a little shack occupied by an old cobbler, deserted in his age by a son who had robbed him. very many were the hours he had spent in that little shop. he recalled certain of those hours with a momentary pang of sadness. the cobbler had been a soldier in poland, in his time, and was wont to tell great stories of his own valor, to which the yellow-headed lad, all forgetful of his mission and his cart, had listened wide-eyed and open-mouthed. the memory came swift and certain and distinct in detail and in the richness of it adams shrank from the ugly stone pile in pass- ing, as though it were a horrid thing thus to thrust itself upon a young man's memory of his little boyhood. as he dreamed thus the cab turned a corner, sud- denly. the rich residential thoroughfare vanished like the palace in the pantomime, and adams, his face still close to the glass, saw a row of little, the day of the game as pointed as the elbows of the youngsters that the youngsters thrust into their sides. the crowd discovered at once that the team was in the second coach and before a man of the eleven had reached the platform the car was surrounded. late as was the hour, speeches were demanded, nor was a path opened through the throng until the demand had been acceded to. a circle formed around the band and its brassy noise blared out upon the night until every townsman within range of the farthest-carrying horn flung up his window and poked a head wonderingly into the outer darkness. as the crowd surged down the platform to the front of the train, adams, taking advantage of the clear way at the rear, assisted janet to the ground and unobserved they passed out into the street through the tall turnstile in the shadow of the baggage-room. she breathed deeply of the cool night air and he felt the pressure of her hand upon his arm as her steps quickened to his. in the crowded train she had refrained from all attempts to learn the reason for his silence. only now and then, as in answer to some question that she asked him, had he spoken in the hour and a half required to cover the forty miles between detroit and ann arbor. ann arbor tales is something i must tell you for your own sake. and when i'm through, you can say to me what you think; it won't hurt.” a step and they were at her home. “can't you sit here on the porch a few min- utes ?” he asked; “i shan't keep you long.” with sudden anger she replied:— “john, if you don't speak out at once what you have to say, i shall go in immediately. you've said again and again that there is something you must tell me; why don't you? couldn't you see; can't you see now that i haven't begged you to tell be- cause it seems to pain you." “it does,” he exclaimed, “you can't know how it pains me.” he looked down at her where she sat on the step and into her uplifted face. “what is it?” she asked calmly, now. he sat beside her. “i hardly know where to begin,” he commenced and hesitated. he seemed to be arranging the words in his mind, for, after a moment he resumed. “i told you it wasn't any crime,” he said. “well, maybe it isn't, but janet,” he went on quickly, “while you were standing at the window of the club this afternoon, you saw a man—do you remember p he wore overalls. his face and hands were black. you said you saw a policeman push the old professor ann arbor tales swinging doors of baize and silently mount the gray iron stairs to the narrow galleries of the book- room where the life of his waking hours was lived among his unresponsive loves. for he did love them, his books, whose friendship did not suffer change be the day gay or gray, and with them all about him—he the centre of the chaos of wisdom—he was happy. among them he lived his simple life in sweet companionship and was joyous for the privilege, for without the books darkness would be his, whilst in them was light for his dim eyes and solace for his gently beating heart. so, day in, day out, in sunshine and in rain, in cold and snow and warmth, the old professor mounted, silently, the gray inon stairs in the child- hood of the day, to come down again, as silently, when the lights were extinguished one by one and the broad campus without was wrapped in melan- choly black. once he had been young. but that was in the day of hard work, when youth toiled to live. then no lad was more sprightly than he. his early home was a long, low, rambling farmhouse in a southern state, where the flowers came early in the spring and bloomed and bloomed again late into autumn. there, to him, imaginative, dreaming, for all his boy- ish activity, the life out-of-doors was little less than the old professor participation in a splendid pageant—the pageant of summer. on the farm adjoining lived another boy and to- gether they builded air-castles and procrastinated through the long, still evenings, when the work of the day was done. and of such sort were the castles that they lived in them, even as they worked afield, and sowed, and reaped, and sowed again. of all their dreams one was fairer than the others. it was of a college in the north where boys might go, and, once there, might learn the finer things. one day they resolved to make their goal that college. they toiled longer each day, then, until the red sun slipped below the wood-line to the west, and when the summer died they fared forth together. side by side they sat at lectures and at recitations. they lived together in a little room across the river where rooms were more cheaply to be had and where landladies were more accommodating and framed no loud objections to simple cooking on a smoky oil stove. halcyon days those were to the lads, and the very experience of poverty whetted their appe- tites for the luxuries they dreamed one day would be for them. together they had from the hands of the presi- dent their diplomas, squares of sheepskin all written ann arbor tales over in stately latin—the golden fleece of their heroic quest. he who later was to be the old professor, became the young professor then; and the friend of the four years in the little room across the river, where simple cooking was permitted, went away, nor ever came back again. so near had been their lives that for a time the young professor was sad. a portrait on tin was all he had to recall the face of him who was gone, and frequently, of a sunday afternoon which was set apart for a walk afield, he would seat himself beside the river and with the little portrait on his knee in- dulge in retrospections of the by-gone days when they were lads together on adjoining farms. such fragrant reveries constituted the leaven needed in the young professor's life, for in the university circle he was much sought. he was a brilliant man; his ideas were “advanced" then, original and new. his conversation at dinner was sprightly, vivacious. he had the gallantry of generations of southern gentlemen and was beloved of all the ladies. he was wont on occasion to pass the compliment with an almost italian grace and he rejoiced in the tap of the fan upon his wrist which was his feminine reward. “you must not fail us,’ a hostess would say, o ann arbor tales the youth for all time, and he never knew his error. little by little, year by year, he became less often the honored guest at a faculty dinner. he clung to the manners of his youth and the younger wives called him an old fogey and smiled when his name was mentioned. thus it continued until he became a mere ghost of dead days, an occasional, living reminder of an ancient system of education or method of class-room work long since relegated to that dusty storehouse where are heaped “old things” that have served their usefulness, flung aside to make room for papier maché manikins and varnished maps of paste- board with the mountains raised to scale and the winding streams indented. and yet in the official circle of the institution there lingered a certain reverence for the old pro- fessor. his sweetness of character, his gentleness of spirit, his humility, made it a sad duty to point the way to him; and so, from month to month, the president's request for his resignation was de- layed, and then there occurred a little incident that secured for him, unknowing, another period of service. the trembling country awaited application of the torch of war. in the college town a meeting was called and the citizenry swarmed into a church ann arbor tales and he would laugh with himself at the philo- sophic quip. his friend in his later years was another old man; not a scholar, but a man who had worked hard and lived hard, and at sunset took his rest. he too, had many graces. on sunday afternoons whenever the weather would permit the old professor sought him out and they walked afield, or by the river where the old professor had loved to wander as a boy. if their path were barricaded by a turnstile it always meant a lengthy parley as to whom should cross it first. “after you, my friend,” the old professor would say, bowing low. lifting a protesting hand, “no,” the other would respond, “after you.” “i insist,” the old professor would contend. the other would indicate the turnstile with a gesture. “you first,” he would repeat. and so they would stand there bowing, insisting, until, neither seeing fit to give way, they would re- trace their steps and seek a path that had no turn- stile. but once, filled with zeal to explore the wood be- yond a certain stile, an ingenious plan occurred to the old professor which was immediately carried to a successful issue. both clambered over the fence the old professor at one side of the opening and proceeded on their way. and for a long time after each held the incident as a joke against the other. the conversation of the friends on such occasions was of the life that lay before them, serious; never of the past. and they agreed in their philosophy at all points. they never argued. “well, friend,” the old professor said one day, “when the time comes for us to go i hope we may go together—may continue our walk.” “i hope we may,” the other answered. “i have always thought,” the old professor added with a twinkle in his eyes, “that there must be many a pleasant walk in heaven—after one has left the pavement.” iii alike as they were, there was one joy that now and then came into the old professor's life that the other could not share. - it came to him when, at widely separated inter- vals, there crossed his path a man with hair almost as white as his own, who in the days long gone had sat before him on the benches of the class-room as a student, and absorbed his wider wisdom. when such an one he met, the old professor's voice ann arbor tales it? i'd forgotten all about it. i—i just remem- bered the mule / " “and do you recall,” the man who was a boy, again would ask, “how you found all the wood from the big wood—box in the south-wing corridor piled against your door p” the old professor would wrinkle his forehead here and stare thoughtfully at the floor. “no, i don't seem to recollect,” he would say. “well you did, we boys had piled it there, of course. must have been a cord at least. then we hung around to see what you would do.” “and what did i do p” “you began to remove the pile, stick by stick, and to pack them all away in the great wood- box.” here the old professor was always wont to shake with silent laughter. “well, we stood it as long as we could, and then billy green—you remember billy green; poor billy, he was killed at gettysburg. billy went up to you, as brave as you please, and said: ‘professor, i don't know who piled this wood against your door but un-piling it is no work for you.’ and then he shouted to us, ‘come on, boys,' and we fell to and got the wood away from that door in about two jerks of a lamb's tail. but didn't we feel small! --- university ºf michigan |||||| §"gół d n t rem we r t“tilate card ann arbor yesterdays by lela duff line drawings by jane rogers friends of the ann arbor public library publishers ann arbor • copyright by lela duff library of congress catalogue card number: - manufactured in the united states of america lithoprinted by braun-brumfield, inc. ann arbor, michigan to edna and lou ludlum foreword a.s those of us know who read the pieces as they were pub- lished from february to july , and who encouraged the author to write them, all the aspects of a growing town are in this book. it deals with the people, the events, the problems, the joys and the sorrows that make a town. to note but a few: the founders, john allen and elisha walker rumsey, their wives, ann allen and mary ann rumsey, for whom the town was named; these people founded the town, planned it, and in- vested their futures in it— the men and women who joined the founders and gave the place meaning through their work, and who tied their ambitions to it, their hopes, and their ideals— the recognition of ann arbor's importance when in it was chosen as the place for a constitutional convention— ann arbor's part in the nation's wars, from the civil war through armistice day, — the pride the immigrants from europe had felt in living on "liberty" street— ann arbor's churches, its social life, its winter- and sum- mer-weather pleasures, its ice cream parlor, the freshly roasted peanuts, large bagfuls at a nickel a bag— the organ factory, the singing societies, the choirs, the may festival— the changes that made the town a city, the struggles for a public water system, for public transportation, for public light- ing— the passing of the livery stable, the coming of the auto- mobile, with gasoline tax-free and priced at eleven cents a gallon— these are several of the many homely and familiar things of the past which miss duff has included in ann arbor yester- days. when the ann arbor news agreed with her to publish her pieces as a column under the title "ann arbor yesterdays," the news asked co-operation from its readers in answering questions about the city's past. among these, there was the question "what remnants of the past remain in the present as reminders of the city's heritage?" vii viii ann arbor yesterdays miss duff's book not only answers this question, it offers many reasons why former residents, including alumni of the university, express a longing to return to "dear ann arbor town," the only town by that name in all the world. as in her earlier book, pioneer school, a history of ann arbor high school, miss duff has managed, in addition to her descriptions of people and places, to introduce a quality of nostalgia and of affection. she has fashioned a fine tribute to ann arbor, the town she is proud to call her own. all who share that pride owe miss duff a debt of gratitude for her work. speaking for ann arborites generally, i gratefully extend to her our very best thanks. erich a. walter preface some people have been referring to this prospected volume as "a new history of ann arbor." i hope they will not be disap- pointed to discover that the articles assembled here fall far short of that designation in that the material does not form a complete history chronologically arranged. we have simply gathered together the ann arbor yesterdays "columns" as they appeared weekly in the ann arbor news for a year and a half, to be reprinted in the order then published. any apparent addi- tions are simply bits that were cut from the script by the news editors for lack of space. titles, too, were sometimes re- phrased in the cutting room to fit the shape available. any new facts or corrections now given are presented in the notes at the end of the book proper, or, in rare instances, in footnotes. so the following pages continue to "range through time as the spirit moves," to quote the introductory explanation. these little sketches do merit the term "historical," how- ever, in that an attempt has been made to check the truth of every assertion, and to add pertinent facts not presented in former histories of the community. of course a primary aim has been to bring the past to life, and for such a purpose imagi- nation has to accompany both the research and the writing. after their run in the news, the articles would never again have seen the light of day had not the friends of the ann arbor public library come forward in recent months with an offer to advance the money required for book publication. to them i owe a debt of gratitude, and especially to the helpful committee, miss elizabeth slack, mrs. jack d. hogan, and arthur f. kin- ney, jr. i wish to repeat here the "thank you's" expressed through- out the columns and in the farewell article, with an added "beaucoup" to eck stanger for supplying new prints of his beau- tiful photographs. the streetcar snapshot was kindly furnished by steve duris,the jolly bobsled group by mrs. louis tramontine, and the double set of handsome grandparents by my friend linda eberbach. it would be ungracious of me not to tell my readers that edna parry labored long on the index, and that ruth brown wyman spent many an hour hunting up long-forgotten points ix xii ann arbor yesterdays page november armistice day ; of highroads and low roads; the last of the chapin name; a new city hall on an old, old block december the railroad comes to town; our other railroad; baggage car carol; "not for self but for others" january "ring dem charmin' bells"; a mystery bell; old- time winter fun; frolics the year around; "not an institution but a home" february our own forty-niners; how the yankees took over the town; our early churches—the presbyterian; the first methodist church march the first baptist church; the story of st. andrew's; the parish of st. thomas the apostle; of organs and choirs april from the mailbox: streetcars and street uses; the old rominger home; when civil war struck; old post offices and postal practices may home grown music and the kempfs; from bakery boy to famous sculptor; a grocery de luxe (when even a nickel was money); michigan singing; our women and the civil war june celebrated visitors; a century of business—the eber- bachs; help from the "trolley watchers"; a century of jewelry—the hallers july from ox cart to taxicab; a farewell miscellany we make our bow february , old houses, old maps, old tales—all have found a place in the news columns of ann arbor in the last few months, and all have stimulated a lively response, in letters and in conversa- tion. eager, yes even frantic, as we sometimes seem to make way for the new, there is a perennial fascination in the old. in this weekly column we shall try to bring to life bits of old ann arbor. we shall try to straighten out mistaken ideas about what used to be, and to separate true history from charm- ing folklore, though both will be welcome. we plan to try to answer questions, to identify pictures, to track down ann arbor ancestors. we hope that our readers will co-operate by show- ing us their old letters, perhaps their family keepsakes, and by writing us those queries that have long been teasing their minds. the order of these articles will not necessarily be chrono- logical. they will be free to range through time as the spirit moves or as the urgency of the questioners seems to require. in the meantime, just to get things started, i shall now ask some questions of you, my readers. is the house in which you are living a hundred years old? if so, has it been lived in or owned continuously by the same family or its descendants for one hundred years? do you think it might be the oldest house in ann arbor still standing? have you a tree on your property that might be a hundred years old? could it be a remnant of the original forest? who within the present city limits has the oldest oak tree? the largest elm? i promise to compile the answers and, some day soon, to publish them. ann arbor yesterdays that puzzling name—ann arbor february , our town has a name unduplicated among the place names of the world. the story goes that a letter once arrived from farthest russia with the mere superscription, "mr. john doe, ann arbor." globe-trotters from ann arbor are often forced to explain that the name is not ann harbor, the assumption being, i suppose, that the town is a lake port and was settled by cockneys. fantastic explanations have arisen from time to time as to "the real" source of the name. about one david hackett, aged , is reported to have returned to these parts after spending seventy years in texas. he stoutly declared that a beautiful young woman, frail, with heavy black hair and blue eyes, had been guiding people through the wilderness here- abouts long before the arrival of allen and rumsey; that she mysteriously called herself ann d'arbeur; and that the settlers had honored her by inscribing her name on a rock in the mid- dle of the huron river. on his return he found the rock—but seventy years of exposure had erased the name! the michigan argonaut, an old-time campus weekly, on march , , presented another theory: that the indian name for the locality was "anaba," claiming to have the record of a pre-allen fur trader, col. d. w. h. howard, who interpreted the name to mean "good youth." we discount this story as a bit of student spoofing. as for indian names, what a blessing we are not saddled with "kaw-goosh-kaw-nick," the pottowa- tomies' imitation of the sound of john allen's sawmill. it is accepted as a well-authenticated fact that john allen and elisha walker rumsey, our founding fathers, named the vil- lage in honor of their two wives. but there has always been considerable bickering about the arbor. some old settlers in- sisted that the two men built an arbor, or even two arbors, one apiece; some say as a temporary shelter, others as an adorn- ment just to pretty up the place. i doubt the latter idea espe- cially. if they had any spare time between february , when they first tramped about this lovely region, and may , when the plat was recorded in detroit, surely they could have found more important things to do than building an arbor for mere decoration. there were chopping down trees and fashioning them into dwellings, breaking the ground and planting vegetables, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . key to historic houses, etc. rumsey cabin, w. huron and first allen blockhouse, n. main and w. huron "kempf house," s. division "wahr house," n. division "babcock place," n. division palmer-ryan house, n. division corselius house, e. ann muehlig house, s. main green-westgate house, thompson clark-tanner house, e. william dletz-stampfler house, s. fifth ave. "lower town" buildings, broadway fairview cemetery u-m president's home, s. university hall house, hill "lloyd house" site, washtenaw frieze-dodge house, washtenaw w. s. maynard house (elks), s. main lund-ward house, pontiac beckley house, pontiac loren mills' second house, w. huron gott house, w. huron wheeler house, w. huron chapin-"joe parker" house, n. fourth ave. rominger house site, s. fifth ave. eberbach house, woodlawn jl map prepared by ida c. brown from a city map and information furnished by the writer. ann arbor yesterdays the original village extended from first street to division and from jefferson to a block north of north street (the pres- ent kings ley) though first is the only one of the boundary streets named on the plat. the first plat of "lower town," the north side, was dated june , , "when anson brown and edward l. fuller ap- peared before john allen, justice of the peace" to register "a village to be annexed to the village of ann arbor." the map of ann arbor village shows considerable ex- pansion. from washington to madison and monroe streets the limit is pushed east to fletcher. packard has been laid out from south main to "hanover square," then a sizable park of which only a tiny segment remains today where packard crosses division. beyond that point on this old map packard becomes grove street. at that pre-university date no campus inter- feres with thayer, denton, morgan, and fletcher streets stretch- ing right across from washington to monroe in that order. wil- liam and jefferson, in turn, extend straight east to fletcher, at least on paper. with high hopes that the state capital will settle in this village, a new street has been named state and a block from state to thayer and from william to jefferson has been labeled "state house square" and "public square." these early maps show allen's creek to be an important stream. in it appears in two branches in the swampy land southeast of state and grove. these join before crossing hill street, and the stream curves north and west across main until it reaches west liberty near first street. in this section it is joined by strong tributaries from high hills to the west and divides north of huron where a millrace extends north from a considerable pond. the two branches cross north main just beyond depot street, and "swathee's flour mill" makes use of the rushing power as they converge. the creek then joins the huron river beyond the mcrr tracks. i'm sure oldtimers were sorry to see this pleasant stream dwindle as the swamps were drained, and finally disappear below the ground like an ignominious sewer. so the maps grow more extensive with the passing decades, and often more elaborate. the "panoramic view" of is something to behold, with every house and building in tiny mini- ature, and a dozen stately residences proudly marching across the bottom. those old-time plays february , a.t this particular time, when ann arbor has been consider- ing the possibility of having a new theatre, my readers may welcome a chance to inform themselves on theatrical perform- ances in ann arbor's younger days. the authority for most of today's column is a paper entitled "early theatre in ann arbor, - ," read before the washtenaw historical society in by miss alma josenhans of ann street. during her long career in the detroit public library miss josenhans compiled a theatre history of detroit of twenty typed volumes, and she has almost doubled this amount by pursuing her hobby in retirement. the techniques of thoroughness, ac- curacy, and vividness thus developed are evident in her ann arbor paper. although a circus had bumped its way over corduroy roads to the -year-old village in , it was nine years later that the first professional group of actors appeared to put on a play. theatres were unknown in those days west of the cities of the atlantic seaboard, various sorts of halls being made to serve the purpose, where companies set up their own scenery. so this first troupe performed in a hall in the little first court house, built on the ann street side of the public square. later, ballrooms were used in lieu of theatres: one in the franklin house, a rather large hotel on the site of john allen's first cabin, on the northwest corner of main and huron; then the exchange hall in a hotel on the north end of the same block; then hangsterfer's, built in on the southwest corner of main and washington—a huge and elaborate dance hall over a bakery and confectionery shop. finally in came the first real theatre, the hill opera house at main and ann, which after- ward became the whitney theatre. it is with a wave of nostalgia that those of us past middle age remember the old whitney, with its huge painted curtain on which th-century french-looking ladies and gentlemen lolled at a picnic; its ornate frescoed arched ceiling with chandeliers; its curving balcony and gallery, and yes, even boxes with red velvet chairs. to think that the site of all this elegance, where the country's most famous actors "trod the boards," has now been cleared to make way for an addition to the jail! ann arbor yesterdays it was customary in the early years for a company to give two or three performances while in town, one of the plays usu- ally being by shakespeare. the first bill, in , teamed richard iii with the drunkard's warning, a potent expression of the growing temperance movement of the day. richard iii seems to have been the favorite shakespeare play of that decade, for within seven years it was the only one performed in ann arbor and was given here four times. it seems not to have appeared here again for over years. in the later decades of the th century our town saw many fine performances of shakespeare, however, including hamlet, twelfth night, as you like it, macbeth, the merchant of venice, and julius caesar, some of them several times. but to go back to the earlier years: the first minstrel show came to town in , replete no doubt with interlocutor, end men, and buck-and-wing dancing. uncle tom's cabin ap- peared here for the first time in . plays popular during the mid-victorian era were often pretty sensational: the lady of lyons, lucretia borgia, the hunchback, zilla the hebrew mother, for instance. others presented here centered around famous characters of history or fiction. in mrs. fiske had rather a bad time trying to introduce ibsen's hedda gabler. she was so perturbed by the crackle of peanut shucks in the audience that she caused the curtain to be rung down for a time. the brilliance of the stars who appeared in ann arbor dur- ing the forty or fifty years prior to is indeed dazzling. beginning with garry hough in , the list includes charlotte crampton ("the little siddons of the west"), edwin forrest, edwin booth, helena modjeska, robert mantell, maurice barry- more, lawrence barrett, adelaide neilson, fanny janauschek, minnie maddern fiske, julia marlowe, jessie bonstelle, otis skinner, maude adams, john drew, and lionel barrymore—some of them coming here again and again. during that half-century professional companies gave in ann arbor a total of , performances, with forty or fifty a year in some years, allowing our townspeople to see and hear something like , players, everyone of them at least good enough to be earning a living on the stage. ann arbor yesterdays written diary of george corselius, early editor of the ann arbor newspaper, the emigrant. the diary extends from janu- ary , , to the mid- 's. it was presented to the col- lections by his granddaughter. on the walls of the various rooms are significant old pic- tures, including large oil portraits of john allen and his son, james c. allen. a series in oils depicts the three homes of a lenawee county family on the same site within a span of thirty years: the crude log cabin under the dark shadow of the forest, the bright little painted frame house that succeeded it, and finally the commodious homestead pleasantly landscaped. in the reading room, cases display exhibits changed from time to time which illustrate some phase of state or local his- tory. here one is welcome to sit and peruse material brought out on request—on some subject for a club paper, for instance, or some bit of private research. there is another way in which the michigan historical col- lections can be of value to you personally. those old family papers—documents, letters, clippings, scrapbooks of long ago— will be gladly received. in a recent general invitation they promise: "in a fireproof modern building, trained staff mem- bers" will "sort, clean, repair, catalog, and file" them. they will be easily available any time you—or your great-grandchil- dren—want to have a look at them. "if you have papers like those mentioned above, or if you know someone who has," they urge, "please write or phone the michigan historical collections of the university of michigan." john and ann allen—a fascinating couple march , john and ann allen are of the stuff of which novels are made. each a distinctive personality and a fine character, they were powerfully drawn to each other, and yet so different in their essential drive for personal happiness that their married life was far from smooth. the fact that john eagerly named the town and one of its streets for his dear wife, left behind in virginia, has led us to imagine their years together as a time of idyllic happiness, in john and ann allen—a fascinating couple the shade of the romantic arbor. both, however, were writers of extensive and articulate letters, many of which have been preserved and returned to ann arbor. from between the lines of these and from things said or not said in the reminiscences of relatives written many years later, a complex story of stress- es and strains begins to emerge. by nature john was a true pioneer, vigorous, determined, simple, and resourceful. highly intelligent, he could envisage and formulate plans for the good of the town and the state, and he found such matters absorbing. in the growing village and territory he was to become a figure of stature. ann was of equally high caliber, but more reserved, with- drawn. to her, home and her children were all-important. she was probably beautiful, but conventional. reared on a back- ground that emphasized the social niceties—in ireland, balti- more, and virginia—she could overlook the crudities of pioneer life only so long as she could feel that they were temporary. there is no evidence that she ever felt herself really a part of the social life of early ann arbor. in any letters available to us, she never mentions by name any ann arbor people not relatives of the aliens. it may come as a shock to some of our readers to learn that ann's leaving virginia to join her husband here was ac- companied by a full-scale family row. both john and ann had been married before. at the age of sixteen ann had become the wife of young dr. william mccue of lexington, virginia. five years later he died suddenly, leaving ann with two little boys, whom in his will he had consigned to the guardianship of his two older brothers. although john allen, at that time a widower with two small children of his own, was a first cousin of these mccues and of equally good background, there was ap- parently no love lost between them and they disapproved of his marriage to ann. tensions developed among the wide circle of relatives and connections that made john "want to get away from it all." a generation earlier a brother and a sister of his father had both done very well in the frontier lands of kentucky and ohio. john's cousin, allen trimble, had now even become gov- ernor of the young state of ohio. in his late teens this cousin had augmented the family income by conducting droves of hogs from kentucky to baltimore, visiting virginia relatives on the way. all this may have given john an idea which he apparently communicated to no one. in the fall of he borrowed money to buy a drove of cattle and set out with them for baltimore, ann arbor yesterdays leaving ann and the children with his parents. not a word further did anyone hear from him until, months later, in partner- ship with elisha walker rumsey, a chance acquaintance met in cleveland or detroit, he had chosen and bought the site of the future ann arbor. the family had believed him dead, murdered for the money received for the sale of the cattle. when he wrote for his father and mother to sell their com- fortable home farm and mill in the shenandoah valley and to bring to ann arbor the whole family, including ann and their baby girl and even her two older boys, ann's mccue brothers- in-law exploded. at the heated family conference called by the mccues, at- tended by seven or eight uncles, aunts, and cousins, ann had no voice. john allen was defamed as a "defrauder" or worse. only his father could speak in his behalf until his elderly aunt jane trimble, back from ohio on a visit, pleaded his cause so eloquently that the mccues capitulated. so ann was "allowed" to come on to her husband with their two-year-old baby girl, but leaving her two equally beloved little boys with their mas- terful uncles. the red cross comes to town march , i was pleased, one day last week, when a battered old notebook was brought to my door, the red paper symbol pasted on its cloth cover now so chipped that it was almost unrecognizable as a cross;—pleased, but quite unaware of the excitement i was to feel when leafing through the yellowed pages. the book con- tained the minutes of the ann arbor chapter of the red cross from its initial meeting on september , , through world war i and up into . at that first meeting, held "upon the request of the ameri- can red cross society," the field agent sent out from washington gave his address before a disappointingly small group, for the "petition for authority to form a chapter" had only thirteen signers, eleven of them women. the two men, professor louis h. boynton and mr. henry w. douglas, may have accompanied their wives that evening under persuasion, but they became the red cross comes to town leaders in the society from that time on. one notices that this first meeting occurred seven months before the united states entered the war in april . the next meeting, not called until february , , in harris hall, was "well attended." mr. boynton presided, and a slate of twenty-four directors was elected, only five of whom were women. the nineteen men were all prominent citizens, including five ministers, five m.d.'s, two dentists, two from the university of michigan administration and one professor of architecture, one business man, and one high school teacher. the following officers were then elected: chairman, dr. louis p. hall; vice chairman, dr. theron s. langford; treasurer, carl s. braun; and secretary, miss winona m. saunders. mr. carl braun retained his office as treasurer until his death in . his careful reports appear here in his own handwriting. as one follows in these pages the vivid and earn- est personalities that emerge,—in that era so long ago that "seems just yesterday"—surely no couple is more outstanding in meetings than the louis p. halls, both so vigorous and full of initiative and yet so gentle. in the early meetings much time was given to discussion of possible headquarters. the upper floor of the ymca was first agreed upon after an inspection by dr. and mrs. hall, who pronounced it "suitable, well lighted, and well heated." when it transpired, however, that it would be unavailable on certain days, the tiny ladies' library building was chosen and was "cleaned and coal and other necessities provided." eventually it proved too small for the crowds of women who were eager to "do their bit." the armory was considered only briefly. the final move was to the president's house on the campus, vacant since the death of old dr. angell. during these first few months there was much talk about first aid courses. by the middle of march seven such classes were organized for men and twelve for women, all to be taught by doctors. "the books have not yet arrived," the minutes re- port, "but the doctors know their work so well that they are going right ahead with it." the april th meeting shows the town humming with inter- est: many local firms had been helpful with publicity. the telephone company had sent out letters. mack's windows had featured a display of work. "the fuller sisters" had given a concert under the auspices of the women's league and had been entertained at the lockwood house. the two gyms were to be used for a ball. red cross posters were to be attached to the merchants' delivery wagons. ann arbor yesterdays new problems were arising. should a private company con- tribute heavily to the red cross and then use that fact in its advertising? should a red cross nurse be hired for six or eight weeks at $ a month to teach classes in hygiene and care of the sick? several boys among the reserves to leave shortly were in need of shoes, shirts, etc. the chapter moved to supply them. that summer a disastrous cyclone struck the county. for relief of the sufferers the local red cross chapter expended $ , . . in september an extensive membership campaign was led by the dynamic rev. lloyd douglas as chairman. the october minutes listed , members. in the meantime, the women were attacking their work of knitting, sewing, and surgical dressings with a terrific cres- cendo. funds were allocated proportionally, authority speci- fied, and precise methods stipulated for report and payment. the accomplishment in all three categories during the last year of the war reached totals that are simply staggering. other projects were constantly developing too: old paper drives; col- lections of used clothing for belgium; entertainments; solicita- tion of gifts, amounting in one two-month period to $ , . . when the flu epidemic struck in the fall of , infirmaries were set up in newberry hall and in a house on fifth avenue to care for convalescent boys from the s.a.t.c. and the naval unit here. after armistice day, of course, there was a gradual dimin- ishing of activity. during the 's the meetings recorded on the worn old leaves, useful as were the projects undertaken, seem placid indeed compared with the feverish gatherings de- scribed in the minutes of wartime. r y of my readers who have made a hobby of mastering every scrap of information about the allen family may be sur- prised at some of the statements made in the article two weeks ago. i refer to john allen's close relationship to the governor of ohio, allen trimble, and the intervention of the ohio governor's a "new" john allen letter march , the year-old village april , a.s ann arbor approached its first birthday, john allen be- came almost lyrical when describing it in the long lost letter to his aunt jane trimble of hillsborough, ohio. he knew that he would have an understanding reader in this stout-hearted old aunt who had dared to stand up to the mccues in the hassle over whether ann should join her husband in primitive michi- gan. as a young pioneer woman of kentucky, crossing a tricky mountain river on horseback pursued by indians, her baby on her lap and the two-year-old future governor of ohio clinging to her waist from behind, this jane allen trimble had felt her horse beginning to sink in quicksand. someway or other she had manipulated the floundering beast downstream in the rush- ing torrent and onto the far bank, while the waiting band of fellow settlers gasped in despair and then cheered. her son also tells in his autobiography of a time when, re- turning toward evening from ministering all day to a sick friend many miles away in the sparsely settled district, she was pur- sued for miles by an enormous wolf which got near enough again and again to leap at her horse's flanks and to tear away strips of her skirt in his teeth. (she blamed the wolf's per- sistence on the smell of asafoetida that lingered on her gar- ments after being all day in the sick room!) but to go back to john's letter: he notes that in the twelve months since his arrival at the site of the village to be named the anns make godey's lady's book beruffled parasols. imagine my astonishment, then, when a vol- ume of "godey's" was put before me at the michigan historical collections in answer to my request for all that they had about ann arbor's namesakes. but sure enough, there they were, ann rumsey in april , and ann allen in the may number following. they were not presented in pictures but in word sketches, a part of a series being arranged by a mrs. e. f. ellet entitled "the pioneer mothers of michigan." to my further surprise, these two little essays were "prepared for mrs. ellet by miss mary h. clark," the well-known head-mistress of the clark school, famous boarding school for girls which flourished in ann arbor from to . the style of the articles is as sedate and elaborate as that of the clark school catalogues. miss clark first discusses the naming of the community, declaring that it was "called 'arbor' on account of the noble aspect of the original site of the village, which was a burr oak opening, resembling an arbor laid out and cultivated by the hand of taste." the artist of the steel engraving which comes later in the number had apparently not read miss clark's essay, for "the arbor" depicted is a delicate trellis, under which two elaborately dressed ladies are elegantly sipping their tea: no fit place, surely, for ann rumsey to do the weekly wash. miss clark describes mrs. rumsey, however, as a woman "of a remarkable and distinguished appearance and of energetic character and commanding aspect." she accredits her with "a cheerful disposition, a disregard of hardships, and a resolute way of making the best of everything." she quotes "mr. allen" as saying of mrs. rumsey, "she was always ready with good humor and a good supper." when wandering indians became annoying, as they sometimes did when the men folk were not at home, mrs. rumsey had no trouble getting rid of them. one time she merely "brandished her broom and bade them begone!" and they went. "in the eyes of her rustic neighbors," miss clark says, "she was the most prominent female member of the community." discreet a biographer as miss clark was, she could not resist a bit of gossip about ann rumsey's early life, —since that lady was now dead. she hints at a mystery—perhaps "an ill-assorted marriage?"—which ann herself never confided. only once, "in a moment of great distress on the occasion of the sudden death of a beloved child, she let fall expressions which set afloat conjectures." for this slight cloud on her far away past, miss clark added hastily, "she was not thought the less of." ann arbor yesterdays in the second article, supposedly dealing with ann allen, it is disappointing to find so little said about ann herself. one suspects that the reason may be that that lady was still very much alive at the time miss clark was writing. in the urbane circles of virginia to which she had returned (while john was making his ill-fated attempt to profit by the california gold rush) she was quite likely to get hold of a copy of the "lady's book." after a brief summing up of ann's early years, she states that when the aliens came to michigan they were "well to do in the world . . . and brought horses and other stock with them." she then dismisses ann with the following meager and stereo- typed analysis: "she entered with a ready spirit of enterprise into the laborious duties required of the wife of a settler." since ann had made ann arbor her home for twenty-five years, surely miss clark could have done better than this. the sentence she gives john allen is less accurate than romantic: "the roving habits of his early life, like those of daniel boone, were in the way of his living contented in a set- tlement that could no longer be termed wild." this is hardly adequate for a man who had recently spent two terms in the state senate, where he had shown himself a leader, and who had been mentioned in the new york "express" as the likely democratic candidate for governor of michigan. we are grateful, however, that miss clark gives a really warm and intimate delineation of john allen's mother, to whom she devotes three-fourths of the article. in her youth, accord- ing to miss clark, elizabeth tate allen was "eminently hand- some, and even at retained a most prepossessing appearance." the fact that before she was eighteen she had received sixteen offers of marriage had not made her vain nor prevented her from developing the sterling qualities that caused her to be "often described as the ideal pioneer." this is a compliment that miss clark conspicuously neglects to pay to ann. ann arbor's best seller dr. chase's recipe book april , every now and then, whether by coincidence or telepathy, there occurs in ann arbor—and i suppose in other places too—a flurry ann arbor's best seller of interest in some subject of the town's history the awareness of which has long been dormant. such has recently been the case with dr. chase's recipe books. a most important step in this renewal of interest was a talk given by mrs. w. r. drury at her book club. she had recently happened on an advertisement from oxford, england, for yarns dyed with "dr. a. w. chase's recipes: 'coloring department,' ann arbor, michigan, ." she sent for the yarns, and they were truly beautiful. from her talk the en- thusiasm spread. people began getting out inherited copies of the various editions of the old book and calling one another on the phone to laugh over quaint prescriptions (toad ointment, for instance) or to pass on household hints of a bygone day. for dr. chase wrote for an era when recipes might pre- suppose a cellar provided with an extra barrel or two and a number of large stone jars and a backyard that would be a sure source of mullein leaves, camomile, and other medicinal weeds. the drug store too, identifiable by its globes of colored liquid, promised a more frequent use of the mortar and pestle than the concoction of banana splits. so it came about that the washtenaw county historical so- ciety devoted its march meeting to discussion of the historical, medical, and legal aspects of this phenomenal publication that sold over four million copies. those of you who would like to read a lively article that tells the whole story would do well to hunt up the autumn num- ber, , of the quarterly review of the michigan alumnus, in which fred and marjorie kerwin, a grand rapids couple, present a thorough story of dr. chase's life and work. a farm boy from york state, alvin wood chase struck out for himself in his middle teens as a peddler, wandering about the territory near the mouth of the maumee river afterward called toledo. he was in detroit in at the time of the epidemic of asiatic cholera. as he peddled household drugs and groceries in the sparsely settled frontier, he began picking up miscellaneous recipes that appealed to him, buying and sell- ing and trading them. eventually he had a few sheets printed for sale to anyone interested, which he added to from time to time. in he settled in ann arbor. here he attended medi- cal lectures at the university as a "partialist," still supporting his family by selling recipes. since he had no background of latin or "natural history," he could not hope for a degree at the university. in , however, he received an m.d. degree from the eclectic medical institute in cincinnati after sixteen ann arbor yesterdays weeks of hard study, passing examinations at the head of his class. ten years after becoming a doctor of medicine, dr. chase had become the most widely known and admired and consulted physician of his time. in he built dr. chase's steam printing plant on the corner of north main street and west catherine (now miller), where the building still stands. he traveled widely in the united states and canada, peddling his book and prescribing and practicing medicine as he went. he is said to have delivered over , babies. the bigger his book grew, the more it sold. it included a wide variety of do-it-yourself suggestions covering such diverse fields as cookery, mustache dye, vinegar, wines, soap, horse medicines, and a secret art of catching fish. now one of ann arbor's wealthiest and most philanthropic men, dr. chase was able to print testimonials from local professors, ministers, and political leaders. for a while he became tired of it all. in he sold out his entire ann arbor holdings to rice a. beal and retired to minnesota. on hearing of beal's financial success, he roused himself to create a new book, adding beekeeping and other in- novations. with the backing of a group of ann arbor men he returned here to publish it. since this was a breach of con- tract, beal promptly got out an injunction. chase's group then set up business in toledo and bought out chase's share. while both the first and second books continued their enor- mous sales, dr. chase had no part in the profits. in a final attempt to rebuild his fortune, he got together a third book, for which he had not found a publisher when he died of pneumonia in . all three books continued their lively sale well into the th century. reaching the height of his popularity in the very decades in which virchow, lister, pasteur, koch, etc., were revolution- izing the theory and practice of medicine, dr. chase never, bowed to the germ theory. nor was that theory easy for the unlearned millions to accept. but dr. chase was able to infuse the printed word with a kindness and a spirit of apparent com- mon sense that made the bewildered people trust him. let's take a walk! old houses april , a nn arbor people often lament the fact that other towns have been more faithful in preserving the pleasant houses of their early period. one fine old home after another has fallen a victim to the need for a site for municipal or business pur- poses. yet there are a number of such historic residences still standing in the various parts of town. i propose that we take a series of walks during the nice spring days to have a look at these time-hallowed old places before it is too late. today let us leave our car in the fifth avenue parking lot and go through the gate at the back into the once aristocratic division street. turning to the left, we shall presently want to reduce our pace to a saunter as we pass the exquisite little white house still known as "the kempf house," built well over a hundred years ago. with the grace and classic detail of a little greek temple, it has managed to capture also a spirit of hominess. there is something gay about the white-painted iron grillwork of the low upstairs windows. the whole effect has the delicacy of a wedding cake. we hold it in mind as we stroll on north through a now thickly lived-in and worked-in area, through the busy intersec- tions of liberty, washington, and huron, till we come to the quiet corner of division and ann. here we shall want to stand awhile and imagine ourselves a part of the expansive hospitality and the courtly manners of a by-gone era. across division, at the head of the original ann street and thus visible for many blocks to the west, is probably the most famous house in ann arbor from an architectural point of view. it was included in the historical american buildings survey, and measured drawings and photographs are recorded in wash- ington. its stately high pillars, its beautifully proportioned roof lines, its long parlor windows and recessed doorway—one could go on and on. there it stands in gray dignity among its century-old trees. this house was built in the early 's for judge n. w. wilson, but has been known for sixty-odd years now as "the george wahr house." across ann street as it jogs is the spectacular old "bab- cock place," the yellow brick mansion towering above enormous ann arbor yesterdays horse-chestnut trees in the midst of a spacious lawn. although made into apartments a generation ago, it has preserved the outside appearance of its days of affluence. to the north of where we are standing is one of the most beautiful of ann arbor's post-civil war houses. its brick walls are of a soft old-rose-red, and its ample proportions do not seem narrowed by its many pointed gables. the green shutters and the elaborate wooden trim of its eaves and porches always look freshly painted. at this time of year its many huge oak trees cast a dancing pattern of light and shade over house and lawn. in its nearly a century of existence, this gracious residence has been the home of only two families: the alonzo palmers, and the laubengayers, of whom the present owners, the mack ryans, are daughter and son-in-law. resisting the temptation to wander farther down division, we turn west along the side of the ryan home and garden. half way down the block, at e. ann, we pass a house built in the 's and lived in during its early years by george cor- selius, editor of the western emigrant. john allen and judge dexter, founders of that first newspaper, must have often en- tered through that heavy oak front door. the house is less pretentious than those at the corner above, but it is commodi- ous and substantial, of a simple new england style, broad roof line to the street, white with green shutters. the picture of this house also was taken to washington for permanent record. as we move on, old old stores on one side and a new new county building on the other bring us to main street. we turn left, for we must include "the bertha muehlig house" in this first tour. after bucking afternoon shoppers for three blocks and a half we stop suddenly, for there it is, bright and serene, holding its own between high brick stores. it is another white house with green shutters, of ample family size, its broad gable facing the street. the front door looks hospitable—but the blinds are drawn. one remembers the christmas-card look given miss muehlig's house for many years by the garden club. this land- mark was built some years ago by florian muehlig, first of the clan to come from germany. they say it still has the brick smoke-oven between dining-room and kitchen.* *just as this series of articles was about to be sent to press as a book—two years after my readers first took with me the walk de- scribed above—the sad inevitable happened: wreckers came to demol- ish the muehlig house. the whole town grieved, not only at the pass- ing of a beautiful and historic landmark, but at the loss of a visible reminder of the noble and gracious woman who had lived there all her let's take a walk! there are two homes on william street with which i'd like to end our tour, but we must hurry back to the parking lot. we'll begin with them next time. (i hope you've been wearing comfortable shoes!) the muehlig house. long life. one would soon run short of adjectives to cover the gener- osity, the cheer, and the general strength of character of miss bertha muehlig. musical memories may , 'today's column is not meant for the musically elite. these are the reminiscences of a not-very-musical person. to many like me, nevertheless, one of the greatest pleasures of living in ann arbor is the opportunity of hearing, and seeing, over the decades, practically all of the world's great musical artists and many of its great orchestras and choral groups. unblessed by either absolute pitch or an extensive musical education, a couple of thousand of us buy our course tickets year after year and troop to hill auditorium to enjoy ourselves thoroughly. now a bit of preliminary history: in there came to the little university a brilliant young latin scholar, professor henry simmons frieze, who was also an accomplished amateur musician. after twenty-five years of playing church organs and working with church singers, he was able, in , to gen- erate the enthusiasm necessary for a presentation of the mes- siah by a combination of church choirs. a year later this group became the choral union. in a gifted music teacher from oberlin, calvin o. cady, with the encouragement of professor frieze, opened a private conservatory here which he called the ann arbor school of music. both his school and the choral union were glad to accept the sponsorship of a recently formed organization called the university musical society. it was in that professor albert a. stanley, a well- known organist of providence, rhode island, was lured to the musical memories university by president angell, and ann arbor's development as a music center was established. university hall became a mecca. by a sort of accident the "first annual may festival" was advertised in , but the aisles and corridors were packed, and the series was on its way. in a young man was hired by the university musical society as executive secretary. for fifty-four years, with busi- ness acumen, judgment, tact and good nature he was to hold the various series of concerts together, uninterrupted by world wars or depressions. his name?—why charles a. sink, of course. now for the personal memories: hill auditorium was still very new when i arrived in ann arbor. mme. schumann-heink had proclaimed it the most beautiful in the world. as the vast audience assembled for a concert, the outer parts of the build- ing hummed with excitement. many people wore formal attire at all the concerts, and at may festival time the display of decolletage, trains, tiaras, and tails and white ties was dazzling. by this time, professor stanley was a round little elderly man with a pink bald head and a twinkle behind his glasses. alma gluck had surprised the audience the preceding year by appearing on the stage here in a simple evening gown of the current fashion and with her own natural hair-do. slender and beautiful, she had been quite a change from a series of portly prima donnas costumed elaborately for wagnerian roles and the like, and with enormous head-pieces. alma gluck came again more than once, i think, and we loved her almost as much for her beauty as for her sure, clear soprano. don't mistake me. we loved no-one more than schumann- heink, portly or not,—and she loved us. walking on heavily in her flat-heeled shoes, she would figuratively clasp us to her bosom while the great air spaces would reverberate with ap- plause. then we would forget everything in the gorgeous out- pouring of her deep contralto. marguerite matzenauer came frequently in those days too. she resembled schumann-heink in size, though younger, and in range and power, but she wasn't much interested in her audi- ence. galli-curci came to ann arbor just once, i believe, before her fateful tonsillectomy. a forerunner of lily pons, she reminded us by her happy artless manner of what a former generation had said of jenny lind. for her high, supple tones the inescapable term was "flute-like." another fine soprano of that era was olive fremstad. i shall never forget the pure beauty of her voice as, for a final encore, she surprised us with the popular old melody, "long, long ago." (speaking of simple tunes, do you remember when lawrence ann arbor yesterdays tibbett, much later, revealed the beauty of "at home on the range" and then whistled it as a sort of echo? i hope there'll be such whistlers in heaven!) caruso got to ann arbor just once, after disappointing post- ponements. he gave us freely of his "golden" voice. his jocu- lar antics between numbers were a part of his well-loved per- sonality and were echoed with charming naturalness by his youthful supporting artist, nina morgana. equally playful in the special italian manner was that other fabulous tenor, martinelli, who came to us many times. can you ever forget the evening when he and pinza romped all over the stage between numbers, while in their duets and solos they gave us the exquisite blending and contrast of the distinctive timbre of their voices. all of these artists were dramatic in their manner while singing. unaware of this tradition, certain young michigan daily critics became quite annoyed at times. i remember that one of them found rosa ponselle's "shudder at the end of 'erlkonig' unforgivable." it was a sad day for us concert goers when that gracious young woman, possessed of one of the most beautiful soprano voices of a century, retired from public singing so early. they say that one time lily pons was really "mad" at some crack of the daily, and demanded an apology. but how i'd love to see that little person come dancing out on the plat- form again, smiling, to give us the high trills and effortless flowing of sound so famous all over the world. quite different was the approach of marion anderson. dig- nified and majestic, she bent on the audience a look that might be called severe until she began to stir us with the depth of her emotion as she sang. various unprogrammed episodes come to mind: as the time that lucrezia bori promised the insistent hand-clappers that she would come back after the union-bound orchestra had to leave, if anyone cared to wait. naturally the whole crowd waited. the stage was finally cleared, the trap door lowered and raised again with a piano on it, and out came bori with our own mabel ross rhead to play for her. so the two of them, obviously charmed with each other, gave us song after song. of course there have been less happy deviations from the expected, as when paderewski made the audience wait till the heating plant could raise the temperature to degrees. or worse yet, when we had to wait for john mccormack to be sobered up enough to sing, for so at least the gossip went. i shall leave the orchestras, the choruses, and the other instrumentalists for you to recall for yourselves this week as another stroll back in an orchard. there this musical child was allowed to play on what, long before, had been the first piano brought west of detroit. you have often heard how lucy clark, the general's young sister, used to play on it for the entertainment of the potawatomi indians. at the corner of fifth avenue we give just a little sigh over the memory of the splendid old beal residence with its exotic trees, much as we appreciate the modern library that has taken its place. turning left, we pass along the only stretch of fifth avenue that has retained something of its th century grace. the street is broad and tree lined, the lawns are ample, and the houses still look like homes, even though most of them have now been divided into apartments. here and there one notes the simple lines of what might be a century-old dwelling. they say that two of ann arbor's most worthy mayors used to live in this block, samuel w. beakes and francis m. hamilton, but there is nothing now to designate which were their respective executive mansions. farther along, across from the end of east jefferson, is a modest little place that everyone notices, a bright, neat little old-timer, yellow with green shutters. it is undoubtedly one of ann arbor's oldest houses still standing, and it has always been lived in by the dietz family. the mother of the late frank w. stampfler was a dietz, and mrs. stampfler still lives in the house. the original deed is a mere scrap of paper. the house was built on the very edge of the allen-rumsey vil- lage, and to the south of it in the early days the woods sloped down to a marsh. though now covered with aluminum siding, the clapboards underneath are of walnut. the present kitchen, too, formerly the "summer kitchen," has walls and cupboards of the original black walnut. as we reach packard, we shall swing back to the left, for i want to show you what all the old maps designate as hanover square. at its northwest corner this wooded park, a full block in size, brought packard to an end, and the road issuing from its opposite corner diagonally was called grove street. only a tiny triangle of trees and grass now remains on our left in the angle before packard crosses division, while the perry school playground and the through street have absorbed the rest of the square. i shall now leave you to make your way back along divi- sion street to william, and to do your own romanticizing about any old houses you may spot along this busy thoroughfare. ann arbor yesterdays a report to our public may , in the introductory remarks with which we launched this column on february , we invited our readers to contribute any bits of old ann arbor information they might have, and to ask any questions that occurred to them as the column pursued its rambling way. the response has been most gratifying, for never has there been a week but what a number of phone calls and letters have been stimulated by that or a previous monday's article. several of the ideas have already been put to use, and the rest are filed away for the appropriate time to introduce them. one of the most puzzling of the questions i shall now pass on to you. milton kemnitz, the local artist, has in his posses- sion a number of large, professional photographs of a parade that occurred in ann arbor one late fall or early spring day long ago. he would like very much to know what on earth was going on and when. the spirit of the occasion is definitely comic, but the fact that the drivers of the horses and many participants are middle-aged to elderly men would preclude the idea that university students were up to something. heavy beards seemed to be the accepted fashion, and the few women who turned out to see the fun were wearing long gored skirts while the small boys were in tight knee pants. a few soldiers were featured in what look to me like uni- forms of the spanish american war. some of the banners jokingly advertised fake monsters, others promised a "chuck- a-luck" game, and one a stock show. an old-time hack seemed to be occupied by ladies dressed in heirloom costumes of a much earlier period. most of the photographs were taken at the beginning of washtenaw avenue, but one was on main street with a glimpse of the front of the courthouse on the right and the fancy old red brick post office beyond. from this one mr. kemnitz has made an oil painting full of atmosphere and color. —any clues? a somewhat similar problem was presented when my phone rang one evening in march. a mr. d. j. torrans, a chemical engineer from wilmington, delaware, in town on business, had run across the column while waiting for dinner time at the michigan union. he was reminded of an old button he had at home that had always aroused his curiosity. he called me to ann arbor yesterdays always call the north side 'old town'?" well, if they do, my only guess is that many decades later people may have con- fused "old" with "lower," as the historical expression for this first addition to the village was lower town. also the fact that the business district of the north side fell into a long peri- od of comparative inactivity made possible the preservation of a number of its fine brick buildings which were obviously of an earlier period of architecture than those on main street. it is only quite recently that a row of such store buildings on the right soon after one crossed the bridge gave place to a modern motel. that group always used to give me a feeling of having been dropped down suddenly in a village of the old world. on the left, on the corner of broadway and pontiac streets, the stately white brick building remains that inspired the well-known drawing by samuel chamberlain. just beyond it, the less pre- tentious little red brick store building seems to have been trans- planted from some old street in baltimore or philadelphia or greenwich village. a remnant of the grandeur of lower towr the story of "lower town" it was the firm intention of the platters, anson brown and his wife's brother, edward l. fuller, that this broad street lined with handsome buildings should be the real center of the city that ann arbor was to become. since the roads from plymouth and pontiac and the old indian trail from detroit con- verged there, it seemed to them more accessible to the outside world than the "hill-toppers'" settlement, as they derisively called the allen-rumsey plat. anson brown had bought the water rights and dammed the huron in , and the brothers-in-law had built a flouring mill on the north side of the river. in anson got the appoint- ment of postmaster of ann arbor and promptly relocated the post office in lower town. anson's brother, a main street merchant, persuaded a lit- tle group of baptists to hold their meetings above a store on broadway. anson drew up a subscription paper for a church building, subscribing $ himself and designating a site which he intended to donate. the baptists continued to worship on the north side until . in a large frame hotel, the washtenaw house, was built on broadway by william r. thompson. it was said to be the finest hostelry between detroit and chicago. proved to be an unfortunate year for the north side. citizens of the upper village sent a recommendation to the post- master general to appoint charles thayer postmaster so that he would bring back the post office to the "hilltop," but before the document reached washington the man it was to displace, this energetic and imaginative anson brown, had died of cholera. without his zeal and inspiration, the growth of lower town tapered off. three years later the university accepted the gift of a campus on south state street, and in the michigan central railroad tracks were laid south of the river. although the north side's dream of grandeur was short lived, it has retained a unity and a spirit of neighbor lines s dear to its residents. it developed its own schools, which were not in- corporated in the city school system until . throughout the century its varied industrial enterprises have enjoyed a modest prosperity. as "lower town" gradually spread out over its scenic encircling hills, many pleasant homes were built and have remained. shall we take a walk there some day? ann arbor yesterdays memorial day special may , surely may is one day of the year when one can dwell on the subject of cemeteries without being accused of being morbid. on this peculiarly american holiday there is even a kind of solemn jollity among the groups that gather from far and near, geranium laden, around their family plots. so what more ap- propriate time than "decoration day" to consider the history of ann arbor's old cemeteries? the first public burying place was a part of andrew now- land's farm, some say given by him to the village, others that he sold it for cash. it comprised the land now known as felch park, and was approached by a continuation of huron street that for some time was only a lane. just west of it, early maps began to designate a "private cemetery" that extended into the present rackham building grounds, with no street in- tervening and with one corner marked "hebrew burial ground." whether this separation was due to jewish exclusiveness or to gentile prejudice i do not know. by the whole place had apparently been allowed to be- come pretty shabby, for the citizens met at the court house and passed a "resolution for improving and ornamenting the public burying ground of this village." as a result the now majestic trees were set out in symmetric pattern. in the meantime, as a part of his plan for the north side, anson brown had donated to the village a small tract on the heights above lower town, between pontiac street and the river, which was to comprise about one-tenth of the present fairview cemetery. this beautiful plateau at the brink of the hill com- mands a view up and down the river and across the city that would be worth a sunday afternoon drive to behold. the first person to be buried there was elizabeth thomp- son, who died in . she was the mother of william r. thompson, proprietor of the washtenaw house, lower town, and a little later one of the five men who donated a campus to the university. almost directly across the river valley from fairview, on an equally high hill and with an equally beautiful vista off to the north, is the st. thomas cemetery, which dates from the early 's. overlooking the beautiful huron river valley is this row of headstones in fairview cemetery ^ brought from the old graveyard that became felch park. -j ann arbor yesterdays as the infant university began to grow and the village of ann arbor became a small city, more houses were built in the north state street area, and ann arbor high school was erected less than two blocks away from the old graveyard at the end of huron street. it became obvious that a larger site, farther out, would be desirable. a "cemetery company" was formed in , a hilly part of the taylor farm was chosen, south and east of the observatory, and the name forest hill cemetery was decided upon. lots were offered for from to dollars and subscriptions taken for funds to lay out the grounds in a suitable elaborate pattern. at first the lots were sold on credit, but a few years later the company, finding collection problems, found it necessary to demand cash henceforth. the development moved more slowly than had been hoped, and it was not until may , , that all was ready for a formal dedication ceremony. the imposing procession that marched to the grounds must have stretched all the way from its point of origin, which was probably court house square. led by a band and several military units, the orator of the day and the cemetery officials were followed by notables from all over the state and then by every group in the city one can think of from university faculty to firemen. trudging along in the dust at the end of the line came "the children of the ann arbor public schools." apparently the ceremony was worth the long trek. special music had been composed for the choir and the band, and suitable new poetry fitted to old tunes for the con- gregation to join in the singing. it was several years later that the board amassed enough funds to build the picturesque stone structures at the entrance gate. in ann arbor's oldest cemetery was converted into a park and named for ex-governor alpheus felch in honor of his th birthday. care was taken in removal of the bodies, most of which were re-interred in fairview cemetery, where their original headstones may still be observed in a west-central section. i saw there the names of many well-known pioneers, such as david e. lord, ann arbor's first doctor, who died in ; furman bird, in ; and david page, who died in at the age of . among those moved to forest hill by heirs or relatives was the body of elisha walker rumsey, co-founder of the vil- lage, whose energetic life was cut short in . the family plot of james c. allen, son of john, is in forest hill. john allen's parents were buried in ann arbor, but seemingly on their own home premises, the exact location of their graves having been lost. memorial day special a similar fate would have obscured the grave on a pitts- field farm of this district's only revolutionary war hero had not the local dar chapter discovered it. now surrounded by a low stone wall and marked by a suitable bronze tablet are the graves of "ensign john terhune, - " and his wife sarah, and near them that of a young girl, emily whitmore, "the first white child to be buried in washtenaw county," who died in . the city of ann arbor now has the title to this little spot out packard road, and it is cared for by the park depart- ment. campus white house june , people seldom think of the university president's house as particularly old. probably the reasons are the bright-as-new condition in which it is always kept, the taste with which the various expansions have been made, and the fact that its time- less basic pattern is one which underwent a special renewal of popularity in the th century. the only one of the original university buildings still stand- ing, this house happened to be the one of them first finished and occupied, in the summer of . the initial building pro- gram included four professors' houses and one combination class- room and dormitory structure, which came to be known as mason hall. on the drawing board the forty-acre campus was divided through the center from north to south by an avenue feet wide, with the professors' houses arranged in pairs on either side, two facing the south edge of the campus and two the north. the avenue never materialized, but the four houses were fin- ished promptly, each complete with woodhouse, cistern, and barn, plenty of room for a vegetable garden, and a picket fence with a gate to keep their own livestock in and other people's out. the houses were identical in plan, two stories high, square with a low-pitched roof, and with a central hall and small en- trance porch. since the organization did not provide for a presi- dent, no one of the houses had any look of special prestige. after a confused period of rotating chairmanships, president campus white house tappan was brought to ann arbor in , and this was the house available. a report the previous summer had said the tin roofs of the professors' houses were already leaking. under the tappans the house took on a greater dignity. after their departure in , the letter of a loyal faculty wife speaks rather cattily of the havens' adjustment to the house. their addition of a kitchen wing to the west now makes it, she says, "a structure of the composite order of architecture." she feared that kitchen smells would permeate the once distinguished parlors, and she quoted the unsophisticated mrs. haven as say- ing, "mrs. tappan must have been a very lazy woman to keep two girls!" sometime during this decade the third story was added, with its wide eaves supported by decorative brackets and the "widow's walk" on the roof. when president angell requested that cer- tain windows be cut through, he was told that the weight of the recently added third story had caused the brick walls to settle at the corners, and that the piercing of the walls for new win- dows was not deemed safe. much of the two-years' correspondence between dr. angell and the regents before he agreed to come to michigan in concerned improvements he demanded in the house. he made clear that as president of the university of vermont he was living in "an elegant new house . . . furnished with all modern conveniences." the regents finally conceded $ , for the purpose, including a bathroom with hot and cold water, a thor- ough paper and paint job inside and out, and a furnace, although the seven fireplaces remained. there are many photographs showing the various changes during the long angell regime; an ornate open porch clear across the back, a second barn with a weathervane—and finally no barns at all, a small porch on the east, the library wing to the west with its curved wall, and the replacement for a time of the single white front door surrounded by small-paned windows, by a dark victorian double door embellished with arched stained glass. at one time the little front portico and much of the upper trim were painted dark, probably to match the shutters. the low picket fence gave place to a more pretentious one of wrought iron. various small plantings appeared, grew as tall as the house, and then were gone again. at first lighted with candles and oil lamps, the house had been equipped with gas lights before the angells came, and was wired for electricity in . for a time after old dr. angell's death in this presi- dent's home was untenanted, as dr. hutchins preferred to live on in his own residence on monroe street. ann arbor yesterdays for president burton the sun room and sleeping porch were built in , and—for the first time—a garage. dr. ruthven asked for a private study on the northeast corner, and mrs. ruthven for the glassed-in plant room. feeling that twenty-two rooms ought to do them nicely, the hatchers re- quested only the wide glass porch wall at the back and the stone terrace beyond it, that they might enjoy the garden more fully. with all its changes, due to fluctuations of taste and the needs of a growing university, the president's home on the cam- pus has remained gracious and beautiful. museum musings june , j\ high light of michigan month for the washtenaw historical society was a chance to get acquainted with the rather new de- troit historical museum. may was designated as ann arbor day there, when our officers gave the talks at the program. president louis e. ayres outlined the early years of ann arbor village, and secretary mrs. i. william groomes gave jolly remi- niscences of ann arbor just before the passing of the horse and buggy era. on may a chartered bus took in a larger group of the society to be guests of the museum for a conducted tour of the building. probably the spot that charmed us most, however, was the display case filled with washtenaw relics lent by the society from its hoard of historical treasures, most of which are at present inaccessible to us because of the lack of a museum of our own. there we saw ann allen's dainty tortoise-shell fan, a large photograph of john allen's oil portrait, a fine blue and white coverlet woven in washtenaw county in , and a hand- bill advertising the ann arbor land company's auction of vil- lage lots when their get-rich-quick plan after the coming of the university failed to pay off. there were also souvenirs of pioneer housekeeping in our community: a lard-burning brass lamp, an ingenious hand-crafted spool and button holder, and a wooden potato masher of which the wear-polished surface gave evidence of many a good dinner after the vegetable gardens got into production under the girdled trees. museum musings thrilled as we were by the vast building and its cleverly arranged displays, showing detroit at every stage from the coming of the french on down, our conversation on the way home reverted to the same old subject: ann arbor's lamenta- ble need of a museum. to be sure, the new county building has set aside a nice little place in the basement, ten feet by twenty-five, with a glass wall through which we can view a pleasant arrangement of heirlooms. anyone wishing to see it should ask at the in- formation desk to have the lights turned on. displayed there are a number of fine pieces of furniture from some of wash- tenaw's leading early families: the bach highboy; judge dexter's rocker; sarah parker's piano; a mahogany table and chairs that came down in the clark-kingsley-chapin family; a fireplace and mantel; a grandfather's clock; ann allen's lovely fan (when the detroit exhibit returns it), and a group of quaint farm imple- ments recently bequeathed from the estate of supervisor ells- worth lindsley. of course the historic lucy clark piano has long been entrusted by the society to hill auditorium. in the attic of the city hall annex, however, without heat and without lights, are packed away a dust-gathering cache of authentic washtenaw county historical treasures. the insurance policy's list would fill this entire column. there are bureaus, mirrors, sofas, beds, cradles, chairs of all sorts, dishes, quilts, tables: furniture and equipment for every room in the house. there are also beautiful examples of clothing of the different generations, pictures, and documents. rare bits of antique jewelry are kept in a safety-deposit box rented by the society. the vicissitudes to which the society has been put to have any place at all to stack these priceless belongings would make an article in itself—or a book. by rigid economy and careful allotment throughout the years about $ , have accumulated in the museum fund. a few years ago an opportunity came to buy a fine old house out packard road for $ , —a figure as prohibitive for the society's resources as a million dollars would have been. many counties in michigan with far less to display have set up creditable museums, often in some such picturesque old residence. but with present real estate values and taxes what they are in this community, it is unrealistic to expect either the board of supervisors or the city council to authorize the financing even of such a property. so-o-o—until some local santa claus comes forward we can only dream, and hope that in the meantime a raging fire in the city hall annex does not make a repository for our accumulation of valuable relics no longer necessary. ann arbor yesterdays no poem lovely as a tree june , a. long in the 's i remember running across a baedeker guidebook to the united states. wondering what this interna- tional aid to the traveler would be telling foreigners about our own city, i looked up ann arbor. there in a short paragraph i found some such expression as "famous for its trees." re- cently i have consulted earlier issues, and found in the number, "a flourishing tree-shaded city," and in "a resi- dential, tree-shaded city." these observations antedate the breath-taking beauty of awixa road when the hopa crab trees are in bloom, and the full maturity of the magnolias on the martha cook lawn and in forest hill cemetery. we have often heard that a prime reason for allen and rumsey's choice of a location for their village was that it was a "burr oak opening"; that is, that the oak trees, though gath- ered in groups here and there or scattered singly, left plenty of open space that could be put to use directly without the la- borious process of clearing the land. one of the thicker groupings was in the district back of what became the st. andrew's church property, running east to state street, described on the old deeds as "the oak grove." a number of great oak trees are still to be seen up the middle of this long block which may well have been there in february , when allen and rumsey were having their preliminary look. the squirrels still plentiful there are no doubt lineal descendants of those that started up at the sound of the two men's voices. in front of the old prettyman home on lawrence street (originally named "the bowery") is a particularly mag- nificent primeval oak. another such beauty remains on the corner of state and huron on the methodist church lawn. around the baptist church and the old douglas home down huron street others have sur- vived. many of us remember the fine trees on the lawn of "the haunted tavern," formerly the sheehan home, which gave place some twenty years ago to the a&p supermarket and its parking lot. our recently retired city forester, e. a. gallup, tells me that there is a famous big oak on the corner of third and mosley streets; and that in wurster park on west madison are two fine "mavericks," a chestnut oak and an alexandrii oak. no poem lovely as a tree one of ann arbor's beautiful old oaks. it may have passed the acorn stage before allen and rumsey arrived. all of these were outside the boundaries of the original vil- lage, but mr. gallup remembers equally fine oaks around the old judge kinne home, which used to stand on the southeast corner of huron and fifth avenue. of course, oakland avenue, where it curves, shows still that it was once an oak grove, as does "the forest" surrounding the forest plaza and extending through the presbyterian church grounds and across washte- naw. the middle-of-the-sidewalk trees, as on haven, are usu- ally oaks. mrs. c. a. arnold, who lives at seventh and stadium, tells me that last year they found it necessary to cut down a white oak, the rings of which prove it to have been over years old. they are preserving the stump. ann arbor yesterdays speaking of stumps, one of a giant sycamore was found at the bottom of the old huron river pond when the dam was re- placed a few years ago. since the stump had been submerged when the old dam was built in and the rings showed the tree to have been over years old when felled, it must have been sizable when george washington was born. the stump was given to c. a. harris at his request. he and his righthand- man percy robbins snaked it out of the muck of the river bed with chains fastened to their truck and took it to the old saw- mill down geddes road to be cut into strips. when cured, the beautiful, well-preserved wood was used by mr. harris in his hobby of making violins and other carved pieces. none of the trees mentioned so far were planted by man. the great variety of trees we remember around the courthouse were all set there in the early days, however, in a belated at- tempt to beautify the grounds. the university campus seems to have been almost completely denuded of trees when the first buildings were erected, and remained so for some time. before , trees had been set out but had not grown well. it was suggested that "the practice of cutting hay from the grounds had impoverished the soil" and the pasturage of sheep was recommended instead. in young professor andrew d. white took over the project of improving the appearance of the campus, and , shade and ornamental trees were growing there by . it was the class of that planted the concentric rings around a native oak since called the "tappan oak." it is likely that the trees that so impressed herr baedeker were the tall elms and maples that had become the traditional planting along our city streets. the hugest elms that i know are the two on packard just above state street, although some of those that skirt the sunken lawn of the sae house at south university and washtenaw are runners-up. i have often caviled at certain lines in joyce kilmer's "trees"—especially the "nest of robins in her hair"! but i quite agree with his closing line: "only god can make a tree." more fine old houses june , our walk today will be a short one. park your car on hill street near washtenaw and we'll first tarry in front of the leisurely-looking beige-brown residence set in its wide lawn on hill near baldwin. it has long been known as the hall house. i have been told that when dr. louis p. hall and his bride moved in on their wedding day, valentine's day, , there were only two houses in sight: the old day farm house featured last summer in the ann arbor news as "the lloyd house," and the frieze-scott house—later to be known as the wilgus place— back among the oak trees. so these three will be our subject today. the old baldwin farm had been bought by dr. hall's par- ents soon after they came to ann arbor in the early 's, the house having been built by j. d. baldwin in the late 's. though the hall family had established their home in the red brick house that occupied the triangular spot where the uni- versity museum now stands, they saw possibilities in their farm some distance out. much of the acreage mrs. hall later sub- divided, naming olivia avenue after herself, and for her hus- band the winding israel hall road the name of which was later officially changed to cambridge road. for possession of the race track then off hill beyond olivia she traded the back fields of her farm, and in that remote spot the fair grounds were developed that now have become burns park. when the louis halls moved in, the stucco covering the brick walls was salmon colored, but the spirited young bride soon had it changed to its present hue, as she had vowed as a girl that she would never, never live in a pink house. larger porches were added as they came in style, but the classical flat roof and cornice, the glass-framed front door, and the small paned windows remained as they were. one of the few inside changes was to throw together four tiny rooms to make a hospitable large dining room, where an interesting slanting beam had to be left for support. for many years the water supply came in a wooden conduit from the hill across washte- naw and oxford road. the beautiful big white georgian "lloyd house" on its green slope was rased last summer to make way for the needs of alpha chi omega for larger quarters. though no longer visible, the old-time glorious fourth by july , , ann arbor was ready to entertain the county in a more conventional manner. elisha walker rumsey had gotten together the town's first military company, which happily was never needed to fight the indians. in clumsy for- mation, no doubt, they led the little crowd along the dusty trail (with the present street names, however) from the vegetable- planted court house square to the oak grove at the front of which, years later, st. andrew's church was to stand. there, in imitation of the natural one on west huron street, the two anns had created an arbor, where the opening cere- mony was performed. ezra maynard and his wife wrote home about it to their eldest son william, who had gone back east to find and court a wife. the exercises, ezra declared, "were conducted in the massachusetts and new york style ... in as solemn a manner as i ever saw it anywhere." after a prayer "by dr. maynard" (himself), the declaration of independence was read by "col." james allen, john's father, and the oration of the day was given by "samuel dexter, esq."—later judge dexter. a band then played—probably made up chiefly of the musical mills family—rumsey and his soldiers put on a drill, and a group of school children performed in some manner unspecified (though whether the first school had yet convened in its tiny log cabin is a moot question). the whole crowd, strong, then "dined at john allen's." let us hope, for the sake of ann and her mother-in-law, that this dinner was semi-potluck! the long afternoon would be spent in wandering about the scattered settlement and listening to john allen expound his dreams, with perhaps a visit to the sawmill near where allen's creek joined the river, or just lolling about under the big trees and talking endlessly—for those from the more lonely outlying places would be starved for conversation. then, as the shadows under the western hills merged with twilight, captain james allen tuned his violin and the dance was on—to last far into the night, for they found that this dignified gentleman from virginia could play "turkey-in-the-straw" on and on without ever tiring. twenty-seven years later, in her godey's lady's book arti- cle, miss mary clark records the story that on the occasion of ann arbor's first fourth of july celebration "the family of mr. white"—whether eber or orrin she doesn't say, though others tell us it was orrin—found that during the dance their oxen had escaped. they had to walk home in terror while the wolves were howling all around them. ann arbor yesterdays from peacocks to elks july , \^ou may have wondered when hurrying along south main street why the elks didn't tear down that old wooden building attached to their fine new brick addition. the answer must be, of course, that the elks are gentlemen of sentiment and that they really cherish this remnant of elegance from ann arbor's early period. they also probably wish to honor the builder, william s. may- nard, who had as much to do as any one person with the direc- tion of the development of the community during its first forty years. three additions to the village and city bear his name; three streets commemorate himself and his family. he was one of the five donors of a campus to lure the university to ann arbor, and a prime mover in the establishment of a county fair. he was several times mayor as well as an alderman and a member of the school board in the years when the village had recently become a city. coming first as a young man with his well-born parents and their large family, he helped build a log cabin on mallet's creek only a few months after the arrival of allen and rumsey. one of his sisters was not long in drawing the attention of john allen's younger brother, james, and the two families became relatives in march . {i suspect the courting was started at that fourth of july celebration i told you about last week.) young william, however, had hurried back to york state to do some courting of his own and to try his hand at business. in he returned to ann arbor with his wife, the former julia guiteau. with his father and brothers he opened a gen- eral store which soon became a lucrative enterprise. by he had built one of ann arbor's most beautiful homes,—the one we are looking at today. even more spectacu- lar than the residence itself were the grounds, which took up over half of the long block from william street to liberty and extended down the slope across a little creek to second, now ashley street. laid out by a professional landscape designer, they show, in an old steel engraving, a formal balance to match the lines of the house, with summer house and handsome lamp post answering each other at the ends. a delicate white picket fence surrounds the property. along main street is a sturdy hitching rail for the accommodation of the carriages of the from peacocks to elks guests at the frequent receptions given in this center of hospi- tality. an ornamental greenhouse stretched out to the south in which grapes ripened early, and one can guess at the matching perfection of stables and carriage house, for this gentleman was a connoisseur of fine horses. imagine too, the super-coops that would shelter the exotic fowls he enjoyed raising: pheas- ants, guinea fowl, and above all, peacocks! many an urchin would remember peering through the fence to see them spread their gorgeous tails. the big square white house itself was originally only a story and a half in height with a cupola, but in it was raised to its present two and a half stories and the "widow's walk" railing was added, the corners of which were until re- cently capped with delicate posts shaped like greek urns. the ornamental brackets and medallions under the wide eaves have been carefully preserved. the large windows we see today have their original small panes, though the shutters were sacri- ficed some time before the elks took over in . soon after that date the wider porch was substituted for the narrow one with daintily ornate pillars.' the front entrance is unchanged except for the door itself, and beyond the vestibule one sees the same long central hall with its heavy victorian staircase at the back. the necessities of a men's club, of course, have left little else of the interior as it was in the maynards' day. in the basement, however, one may still see the heavy beams that were hewed a century and a quarter ago. it was recently my privilege to call on william s. may- nard's only living granddaughter, mrs. bernard h. glenn of fowlerville. her house is full of beautiful furnishings that once graced this ann arbor mansion: empire tables and chairs, long gilt-framed mirrors, oil portraits, silver tea-sets, rare china, books autographed by writers who were guests in the house, many choice objects that were gifts of president tappan— the list leaves one breathless. it was in , at the death of w. s. maynard's second wife, that the house passed out of family hands and for twenty years, until the elks purchased it, it was used as a rooming- hotel. many a stranger, spending a first night in ann arbor, must have breathed in a hint of its former splendor. ann arbor yesterdays con-con at the courthouse july , in these days of argument over whether or not we should have a constitutional convention in michigan, how many people know that the two conventions in which adopted the state con- stitution and made possible the entrance of michigan into the union as a state took place in "the court house in the village of ann arbor"? it was a new building then, that little old first courthouse, and probably the finest in the state at the time. built on the ann street side of the square, the simple rectangular structure had entrances both to north and south, at the ends of the long central hall. although the little belfry, still without a bell, was on the ann street side, the heated unofficial arguments proba- bly took place on the wide lawn at the south, where the digni- taries could overflow between sessions. now for a bit of historical background: the ordinance of had provided that "the land northwest of the ohio river" be divided into "not less than three nor more than five states," and that "whenever any of the said states shall have , free inhabitants therein, such state shall be admitted . . . and at liberty to form a constitution." for a number of decades the trend of migration into this northwest territory moved in a direction straight west from pennsylvania, so that ohio, indiana, and illinois were admitted before michigan became anything but a wilderness. after the opening of the erie canal, however, a great wave of settlers began to pour across lake erie into michigan. for a time these busy newcomers were quite content with the territorial form of government. with the influx of population in the early 's, michigan began to have more varied activity, more wealth,—and more problems. president jackson introduced the system of giving out appointments as a reward for party loyalty, and men came into authority who had no experience with life on the frontier. politics followed the general national division into whigs and democrats, and (does this have a familiar ring?) the democrats presently began to split into "liberal" and "conservative" fac- tions. when michigan territory began to feel the need of becom- ing a state, the ohio border controversy arose and became the issue which delayed ratification for nearly two years. ann arbor yesterdays historic pontiac street july , back to the north side today for a stroll up pontiac street. soon after we cross the ann arbor railroad tracks, i'm going to ask you to exercise the eyes of your imagination while we look at a little white house that isn't there. it was honored by henry ford in the early 's by being moved to greenfield village, where it is labeled "ann arbor house." some of you will remember that it was the home of robert frost during one of his years in ann arbor. it stood on the left at kellogg street, where professor jean paul slusser has since built his functional studio home. it was—and is—a beautifully proportioned smallish white house with a wing on each side of the middle upright and a pillared front porch. it was built in by david t. mccollum, eventual holder of many local and county offices of whom you'll hear more when i get around to discussing the gold rush. one might wonder how this relatively small gem of a house could have brought the ten mccollum children to maturity—if one did not know that there used to be a separate kitchen, a tenant house, a woodshed, a large barn, etc., at the rear. these may have disappeared before henry ford arrived, but with typical thoroughness, he moved the lilacs, syringas, flowering almonds and cinnamon roses to greenfield village with the house. further up the street on our right we pass the big square white house set back in its own park of trees that local history books called the lund place. jonathan h. lund was a success- ful businessman engaged, among other things, in paper manufac- ture. the stucco for his house, which was built in , was mixed with barrels and barrels of skim milk. to most of us the house is associated with the fremont wards, who came to ann arbor about when mr. ward, an architectural engi- neer, was superintending the building of the post office. taking a walk over the bridge one summer evening, they succumbed to the gracious beauty of the place, and it became their home for the rest of their lives —mrs. ward's life lasting on for nearly fifty years. since her death modern apartments have been achieved in the house without doing violence to the original ef- fect. moving on, we cross the street again for a more intimate look at what, nationally considered, is probably ann arbor's historic pontiac street closest link with history. during the 's the house now numbered pontiac street made this village perhaps the most important center in michigan of the underground rail- road. not only did it shelter untold numbers of fleeing slaves from dawn till twilight, when under cover of darkness they could be spirited on to the canadian border. it was the home of the editor of the signal of liberty, weekly newspaper of the abolition movement and chief organ of the ugrr in the north- west. here were written the stirring editorials that did much to swing public opinion in this part of the country on the issues that culminated in the civil war. the reverend guy beckley came here from new england in as the minister of the baptist church on wall street, but probably with the purpose of furthering the anti-slavery cause in the new state. buying twenty-eight acres just across the road from the farm of his brother, josiah, he soon sold off all but the eight rods by sixteen on which to build a dwelling large enough for his eight children as well as a hide-out for slaves who appeared at his door. many tales were passed down through the ages about secret chambers, stairs, and passages in "the old slave house," but nothing more mysterious has been discovered there in modern times than a trap door to the attic and lowered ceilings over the closets. a rear wing disappeared long ago, which may or may not have had secret hiding places. since the death of guy beckley in , the house has had many owners, though it belonged to one family, the pascall masons, for fifty-three years. after shocking lack of repair it was fortunately acquired in by professor ralph w. hammett of the school of archi- tecture, who restored it faithfully to the beautiful home we see today. at present it is owned and lived in by the eugene ber- toni family. new england georgian in style, the house has long been painted a cheerful yellow with white trim, though the rose red of the handmade bricks was its original hue. the simple front entrance porch with greek detail is a faithful reproduction, as is the side porch, though somewhat enlarged. the generous windows with their small panes are the original ones, and also the front door and its sidelights. one enters over a huge oak- en threshold beam that has held its shape under thousands of footsteps. the first floor walls, of field stone bonded by the brick, are sixteen inches thick. the interior framing is of oak with dowelled joints, while the floors are of glossy black wal- nut, the planks of varying width and length. facing the door historic pontiac street is the original stairway, with hand-cut tapering spindles. the layout of rooms has also remained the same. in the beckleys day, the house was heated by franklin stoves. the bertonis find the house an ideal setting for their choice early victorian furniture, as well as an interesting and substan- tial home for their five lively children. west huron—a mystery and maybe a ghost august , perhaps you remember that a year ago last spring the news gave space on two occasions to what might be called "the mills house mystery." ross w. campbell, ann arbor attorney, had found among family keepsakes a picture of a fine brick house apparently on a hilltop, on the back of which was written "lorin mills, ann arbor house, first brick house west of detroit in michigan." since this mills was his great-great-grandfather, campbell began a search for the house. a few weeks later, after thirty-two other responses, he received word from mrs. harry atwell that the home of the atwells between and , situated at w. huron, might well be the place. now comes the mystery. in the "reminiscences of lorin mills," published in the history of washtenaw county, , he says himself on page that this "first brick house in ann arbor" was "on the corner of main and liberty. ... it was built in . i have a good picture of the house." convinced that the man should know the location of his own house, even though the lay of the land of the atwell residence was much more like that of the old picture, i was willing to drop the matter. recently, however, in a paper written by cornelia corselius in her old age and illustrated with snapshots by lucy chapin when she was not young, i found evidence that "deacon mills" surely did build the atwell house. further examination of the abstracts of title shows that mills sold the main- liberty property west huron-a mystery and maybe a ghost (the southwest corner) in and in that very year bought land on the west side of town that would include the atwell site. since other brick houses seem to have been built before , my conclusion is that lorrin mills built two brick houses, the earlier one, on main at liberty, perhaps a simpler struc- ture, erected about the time of his marriage to his beloved harriet parsons, ann arbor's second school teacher; and that the picture he wrote of has been lost. after all, the handwrit- ing on the back of ross campbell's picture may not have been mills's own. so let us take a walk out west huron today to have a look at the house in question. definitely at the crest of the hill on our right, it must have commanded a lovely view back toward town when the millses first moved in. beyond it the godfrey home had recently been built and beyond that dr. lord's brick house, erected in . but these two dwellings have long since been replaced. the three families were all great church peo- ple, which led the townspeople to dub this "piety hill." the mills house is in excellent condition. yellow stucco now covers the bricks, and the ornate veranda which once swept along both front and side has been reduced to a little side por- tico and a deep, pillared porch at the front. the wide eaves and elaborate brackets resemble those of other square houses we have noted which were built in that era. the shutters are gone and the small-paned window sash; while the healthy growth of ivy and shrubbery tends to make one less conscious of the original lines of the house. if you can see through the huron street traffic a little farther on, you will note across the street a somewhat larger square house of pink brick with white shutters which is now called "martha washington house," a sort of dormitory for working girls. built shortly before the civil war, it was bought soon after and lived in for many years by john n. gott, former legal associate of john allen, with whom he worked out the system of abstract books for the village. he later held many county offices. when the gotts moved into this mansion, it was set in an estate of five acres and there was only one house between it and allen's creek. some of you will remember the place in the early 's as a private hospital. strolling on along the north side of the street for a block or two you will pass a house that has always piqued my curi- osity because it is so different from other early houses in ann arbor. gray with many sharply pointed gables and fancy mill work about the eaves, it used to look like an illustration for hawthorne's "house of seven gables." when i first remember ann arbor yesterdays when horses were our neighbors it, it seemed closed and aloof, its wide grounds surrounded by a low gray picket fence and the deep wooded ravine at the back. at the far side was a most mysterious dutch windmill surround- ed near the top by a narrow balcony to which there was no door. such a structure naturally generated folk tales: one about a disappointed lover, another that the old windmill was haunted! i don't know when this house was built. lucy chapin labels her snapshot of it "the john m. wheeler house." at present it seems to be teeming with apartments; fence and windmill are gone, and a bulldozer and subdividers are busy with the grounds.* when horses were our neighbors august , ^recently i was shown a picture of one of my friends, an in- fant at the time, being taken for a ride on the handle bars of her father's first bicycle. the thing that arrested my attention most forcibly in the snapshot, however, was not the cyclists but the background of a bit of the campus section of ann arbor in the mid-nineties. taken from the front of their residence in the block of north thayer street, it showed, beyond the unmowed extensions and the dusty road, a fenced-in collection of buildings that might well have been part of a farm scene. behind the simple, old-fashioned residence facing east ann street were a large barn, a woodshed, some coops, and other structures that left no gap on the horizon. they were neatly kept, and all painted some color darker than the house, proba- bly red. this set me to thinking about the difference in the contour of our back yards since the automobile has come to dominate our lives. barns were usually planned for before a house was built, and in the more elegant establishments were often of the same materials and general style as the house itself. the babcock barn, at the corner of division and ann, survives as a present- able little apartment building, always painted the same yellow *for further information on this house, see "bits and pieces that have come my way," "ann arbor yesterdays" column for october , . talk about the weather many would feel competent to undertake the complicated process of hitching up a horse? and how many remember the delicious excitement of a runaway? talk about the weather august , if rp i he weather is always doing something," said mark twain. (my favorite is really this one: "everyone talks about the weath- er but nobody ever does anything about it." since that famous remark isn't included in bartlett, however, i can't be quite sure that our greatest american quipster ever said it.) at any rate, one of the few things ann arbor still has nowadays that we can be sure it had in , on the arrival of allen and rumsey, is weather. during that first february those gentlemen were blessed with a mild, "open" winter, as they were also the following year, when john allen wrote to his aunt jane trimble on feb- ruary that the farmers were already plowing. more damaging to the business of settling the county than either cold or heat seemed to be an excess of rain, from which the summer and fall of suffered the most continuously of any period before or since. swamps became lakes, the huron overflowed its banks for weeks on end, the primitive bridges were washed away, and roads were indistinguishable from sur- rounding mud. in april , a single storm had almost the same effect. it came unexpectedly, after several days that were warm and pleasant. the cloudburst continued with slight in- termission for twelve hours. according to the county history, "little rivulets by the wayside were swollen into large streams, tearing up the roads, sweeping away crossroads, bridges and fences." on march , , came an electrical storm with a tor- rential rainfall, accompanied by a disastrous wind. little tom- my welch, john allen's nephew, was struck by lightning and killed. the record breaking rainfall occurred some years later, however, when pioneer days and their problems were far in the past. on july , , came the heaviest storm ever known in "ann arbor's first hundred years," according to dr. ann arbor yesterdays stephenson. on that sunday morning nine inches of rain fell in two and a half hours, the huron rose eighteen inches in fifteen minutes, and allen's creek swept away every bridge that spanned it along ann arbor's most important east-west streets. the old bridge to the north side was badly damaged and had to be con- demned. the only wind storm that the early books label a tornado occurred july , . "all day long the sun had been exces- sively hot," the record states, "and just at sunset two dark clouds were seen to approach from the southwest." no men- tion is made of the funnel shape we have since learned to look for. passing from west to east, the wind uprooted hundreds of forest trees, some of them large oaks two or three feet in di- ameter. peach trees were torn from the ground in one orchard. roofs, bricks, fences were whirled aloft, and stock released to run wildly over the landscape. there were plenty of torrid days in these parts in the th century, but the summer of that tornado seemed to top all rec- ords. during the last week of june , the temperature ranged from to in the shade. just to cool you off, i shall now quote some statistics of the lower end of the thermometer. on decoration day, , the temperature sank to thirty degrees and the ground was covered with a heavy snow. but in midwinter a number of times in that first century the mercury dipped in ann arbor to from twenty to thirty degrees below zero. many of my readers will remember the fierce blizzards of - , during world war i when the coal supply was rationed. does anyone recall the harrowing tale that buzzed around town one morning that winter of the late interurban car between here and chelsea stuck in the snow without lights, while the motorman and con- ductor, leaping off the two ends of the car to try to reconnect with the trolley, were both lost in the whirling drifts and the dark and frozen to death? was it true?* *see "bits and pieces that have come my way," "ann arbor yester- days" column for october , , p. . dark deeds in ye good old days august , from genesis to homer and from beowulf to erie stanley gardner and our local henry c. branson, human beings have frowned upon murder but have enjoyed the tingling of the spine they get from hearing all the gory details, when it doesn't come too close to home of course. so in the 's, when southern michigan was no longer a frontier beset with the drama of en- counters with wolf and indian, the county histories began en- livening their drab statistical pages with accounts of foul play. no exception in this respect, the washtenaw county history of , sponsored by the pioneer society and a list of digni- fied and estimable gentlemen, after a series of learned papers on michigan's geology, ornithology, botany, and legal develop- ment, inserts a deliciously lugubrious chapter entitled "dark deeds." perhaps to take the curse off, the editors chose this otherwise inappropriate place to introduce the portrait of the mild and sweetly-serious deacon lorrin mills, great-great- grandfather of our contemporary attorney ross w. campbell. nineteen shocking incidents are recorded, fourteen of them frankly labeled murders, one a "probable murder," two mere "killings," one "shooting," and one "diabolical deed"—per- haps "a deed without a name!" though a number of the deaths occurred during bitter quar- rels or less strongly motivated drunken brawls, others were said to be "cool and deliberate" or "in cold blood." marital difficulties led to one; to another the avenging rage of a young brother, whose sister had been improperly eloped with. desire for revenge for a whipping administered by his master prompted a -year-old farm hand to a nighttime shooting while the farm- er "was asleep by the side of his wife." since he "evinced no sorrow for the crime," this hapless lad was sentenced to state's prison for life. the language of the historian leaves nothing to the imagi- nation. i warn any squeamish readers to skip the rest of this paragraph. one finds such realism as "shot through the ab- domen, wounding the internal viscera"; "a single wound, just over the left temple, a gash about one and a half inches long and cut to the skull. a whisky bottle was lying near"; "the in- testines protruded"; "mr. shorey struck mr. sherman a blow with a stool"; "knisely struck bryan with a pocketknife, the ann arbor yesterdays blade entering the heart. strange as it may seem, bryan walked to the square before death occurred" (the scene of this contro- versy was near the michigan central depot); "a most distress- ing accident . . . blowing hiram's brains out"; "with fiendish glee he raised the bloody ax and dealt him two more blows, mutilating his head in a fearful manner." had enough? if not, turn to page for "murder of richard flannary," which beats any bar-room fracas in a tv "western." the sad part was that "flannary had not been in the saloon business very long, and was said to have been a quiet and inoffensive man." no mysteries followed these murders. the perpetrators were all apprehended immediately. the sentences, however, would furnish material for a law school thesis. only one guilty party was sentenced to be hanged, but while arrangements were being completed he broke out of jail and was never heard from again. two others escaped before being sent to state's prison for life, during the year it took the supreme court to decide whether they deserved another trial. nine spent time in the penitentiary, ranging from one to twenty years, a few of them "at hard labor." one was pardoned by the governor after two or three years. one was found guilty but recommended to the mercy of the court. when the quarrel had arisen between two men over a woman, the killer got only two years. a scrap over a card game seemed understandable to the jury, for all but the victim were punished by a mere twenty-five-dollar fine. when several were involved in some other kind of row, a small fine was deemed enough for all but one, who was "sent up" for eight years. one who had been cruelly baited by a group of young men "out for fun" was adjudged insane. only the poor bitter farm boy and one other were doomed to live out their lives behind bars. "taking the baths" august , in the latter half of the th century there was quite an in- terest in the united states in finding mineral springs the waters of which might have a medicinal value. since colonial days saratoga springs, new york, had developed a reputation rivaling "taking the baths the spas of the old world, while among the newer states indiana and michigan had found promise in their chemical waters. cer- tain ann arbor doctors were not slow to follow the trend in establishing bath houses. miss marie rominger, among a number of historical sketch- es of early ann arbor, has left us a paper containing personal memories of this local development, supplemented by informa- tion from her father, dr. carl rominger, who, besides being a physician, was a geologist of wide repute. miss rominger re- membered a bath house near the corner of liberty and first streets, "a little octagonal white frame building with a sharp little spire in the middle and victorian scrolls around the eaves." it was built "over allen's creek, in which one bathed." this charming aid to health (or at least to cleanliness) disap- peared when the ann arbor railroad came to town in the late 's and needed the spot for its right of way. in one dr. hale built a "mineral spring house" on seventh street between huron and miller which only bath street now commemorates. it was situated in a little valley through which ran a brook still traceable in west park. later sold to a dr. cleland, it reached its greatest glory under dr. calvert, when it took on the aspect of a summer resort, even including a swimming pool. marital difficulties put an end to this gentle- man's success in life, however. his handsome residence just across seventh street was burned to the ground. in the "mineral spring house" also went up in flames. lower town was not without its attempt to capitalize on the bath-resort fad. in a sanitarium was built just west of where plymouth road leaves broadway. a deep well there brought up water containing iron and sulphur, which, accom- panied by the medical skill of the physician in charge, dr. a. c. kellogg, attracted many patients. this gentleman had obtained his medical education from his father, dr. d. b. kellogg, the "clairvoyant physician," who received his medical formulas when in some sort of psychic state. these prescriptions were so successful that he manufactured them wholesale in a four- story brick structure on broadway and brought to himself a practice, according to the washtenaw county history, that "reached all over this country and even to europe." the death of the old doctor occurred two years before the son went into the bath-house venture. it was not only the therapeutic aspect of bathing that inter- ested miss rominger. she went on to tell us that in e. j. knowlton began to make rubber bath tubs in a building on de- troit street which were advertised in many magazines. the ann arbor yesterdays tub was suspended from a wooden frame designed to rest on two chair seats. until then the few bath tubs in private homes had been made to order by tinsmiths. her own family had one of this variety. although it was conveniently connected with a cesspool, the water had to be carried to it by hand, and since it was located in a shed in the back yard it wasn't much good in the wintertime. a century of news september , a. considerable addition to the published history of ann arbor has recently appeared: a history of the newspapers of ann arbor by louis w. doll. the neat -page paperback is num- ber of the history studies series of wayne state university press. at present on the faculty of bay city junior college, dr. doll is a product of this community, being a graduate of ann arbor high school and the university of michigan. i be- lieve that his first venture in the field of local history was his history of st. thomas parish, though he has subsequently writ- ten many articles on michigan local history, and has been presi- dent of the bay county historical society and a trustee of the michigan historical society. after serving from to as librarian and archivist of the historical division of the far east command he was awarded an honorary doctorate from nihon university in tokyo. he has attacked the writing of the recent volume with typi- cal zest and thoroughness. after a careful study of the four previous discussions of the same subject, published in , , , and respectively, he applied himself to "a page by page examination of the extant newspapers themselves," the bulk of which is staggering even though the files are not com- plete. when he had exhausted the material in the university library and the michigan historical collections in ann arbor, dr. doll pursued his search in the burton historical collec- tions in detroit, the clarke collections in mt. pleasant, the ann arbor yesterdays library of congress, the huntington library, and the worcester antiquarian society. the twenty-six newspapers studied extend from to , at which point dr. doll apologizes for stop- ping! though much of the painstaking detail of dr. doll's book is of chief importance to the historian, there is plenty of interest for the general reader. the first chapter caught my attention immediately because of the light it throws directly and indirect- ly on the personalities, the life, and the problems of the first few years of the frontier. indirectly, i say, because the little western emigrant, which first appeared just five years after the arrival of the first settlers, "was not a gossip sheet," as dr. doll puts it. it aimed to advertise the new community, to keep it in contact with events of the outside world, to express and influence political opinion, and to furnish a bit of "literary recreation, mental and moral improvement" to people who had had to leave their books behind them. backed and then edited by those pioneer stalwarts, john allen and samuel dexter, it soon came under the editorship of the scholarly but impulsive george corselius. i was shocked to learn that this man, whose diaries i had found to be full of reflections on the classics and higher mathematics, once en- gaged in a fist fight with young governor mason and "came out second best." the tiny, four-page weekly had a subscription price of "$ . a year in advance or $ . at the end of the year"; ad- vertising was sold at "$ . a square"; subscribers receiving their papers by mail must pay the postage; but "country pro- duce" would be "taken in payment for the emigrant if deliv- ered." a little later the editor was forced to complain: "sub- scribers who have engaged to furnish us with fire wood are in- formed that we are freezing." the little paper did not lack for readers, however, for it listed agents in eight surrounding towns, to whom it was dispatched in bundles. it boasted a washington correspondent, who sent his obser- vations to john allen by letter. one of its advertisements announced a process by which oil could be extracted from corn as a by-product of the distilling of whisky. it was the first newspaper anywhere to advocate a transcontinental railroad. among other bits of interest spotted by dr. doll in the yellowed pages was an advertisement in for bids "for the erection of a framed bridge over the huron river." this vigorous little paper had its first rival when it changed its politics from the short-lived anti-masonic movement to the whig party. the democrats were soon represented by the first the coming of light incarnation of the michigan argus, and from then on for many decades the fluctuating loyalties to liberal vs. conservative fac- tions in the two old parties and the formation of the republican party brought about the rise and fall of various newspapers. among the many editors who came and went, none was more able than elihu b. pond, who guided the third argus for a quar- ter of a century; and none more influential and often pugnacious than rice a. beal of the courier. dr. doll gives a spirited account of editorial controversies that shook the foundations of the city from time to time, the most deadly of which was that between robert l. warren and frank p. glazier shortly after the turn of the century. by that time dailies had superseded the th century week- lies and it was not long before a more standardized type of newspaper ethics made the editorial page more polite but less colorful. the coming of light september , it is hard for us to imagine ann arbor wholly without street lights. when cabins began to spring up along the vaguely marked tracks with street names, seldom would any but the most con- vivial venture forth after dark except on moonlight nights. when sickness in the family or a matter of urgent business drove a man forth, he probably carried one of those candle-lanterns now prized by collectors, picking his way carefully from the dim glow of the tiny windows of one cabin to the next. perhaps there is some record of the first provision of lamp-posts in the village and of arrangements for fueling and tending them, but i do not recall seeing such a record. i doubt that lard lamps would ever have been used in street lights, though whale oil may have been utilized before the introduction of kerosene. our earliest photographs of ann arbor streets show well-designed lamp-posts, but they are undated and must have been taken well after , when indoor photography first came to town. i have often wondered whether the light from the handsome chandeliers described in local papers as a fea- ture of the auditorium of the first ann arbor high school building ann arbor yesterdays in came from candles or from oil. about the same time, the long end-of-term exercises of the primary school on fifth avenue were reported to have been cut short by the arrival of darkness. in april , the ann arbor gas light co. was organ- ized. the capital stock of $ , , divided into shares at $ each, was eagerly bought by shareholders, their hold- ings ranging from shares down to one share apiece. all were people of prominence in the community. the site for the plant, costing $ , was at the corner of the block bounded by beakes, summit, and depot streets, just south of the michigan central railroad tracks. the plant itself, coal sheds, and gas mains were constructed promptly and the manufacture of gas began in september. the first streets along which mains were laid were detroit street, division, huron, packard, and fourth avenue. gas was sold at a rate of $ . per thousand cubic feet, but the first annual report commented on "the cheerful- ness and readiness with which the consumers have paid their bills, the company having lost less than $ . of the $ worth of gas sold." in that second year, , a proposition was made by the company to light the city streets with twenty-five street lamps and to clean and extinguish them. they were always to be lighted from sunset to : a.m. except on moonlight nights. the cost was to be $ per lamp monthly. some gas street lights were still in use in ann arbor until . at the reorganization of the company in the name was changed to the ann arbor gas co., as the gas began to be used for other purposes as well as light. in a new plant was built across the michigan central tracks to the north and the first of the large storage tanks constructed. on the old site a large barn housed the many horses necessary to deliver gas- coke, an important by-product until natural gas came to the city in . another feature of the building program was the office building on huron street. the process of manufacturing gas involved the firing of coal into gas retorts, which were charged by hand until , when small coke ovens were introduced. in a talk before the washtenaw historical society in , charles r. henderson drew attention to the fact that although the company had undergone several changes of organization and name, it had during its long period of existence been under the direction of only three men: silas h. douglas, henry w. doug- las, and himself. soon after thomas edison's invention of the incandescent the struggle for water bulb in , electric plants began to spring up across the coun- try. in the summer of the ann arbor van depoele light and power co. was ready to light thirty-six stores and resi- dences. it also secured a contract for thirty-three street lights, part of them arc lamps and part incandescent. since these seem to have been an addition to the old gas lamp-posts instead of a substitute for them, the town was probably thought to be all ablaze. in the city council went still further by con- tracting for ninety-six arc lights, plus as many incandescent lamps as they might see fit to order. again the period of bril- liance was to run only from dusk till : a.m., and the com- pany had the privilege of omitting to turn on the switch when the moon was bright. they also were allowed to clutter up the streets, alleys, and extensions with as many poles and wires as they deemed necessary. apparently there was some independability about the cur- rent, because for two or three decades many houses were equipped with both electric and gas lights in an awkward com- bination fixture. the company went through many changes of organization, eventually becoming a part of the widespread detroit edison co. at first sufficient power was generated from dams along the huron, most of them built earlier for the running of mills. when the electric railway came along, however, this hydro power became insufficient and a tie-up was made with the steam plants along the detroit river. just as the passing of gas lighting overlapped the increas- ing use of gas for cooking and other purposes, so the demise of the electric interurban and streetcars was compensated for by the demand for countless electric appliances as well as an expanded conception of good lighting. consequently both utili- ties have continued to grow and prosper. the struggle for water september , tye one of our public utilities that required the most travail to acquire and maintain is the one that we are most likely to take for granted; namely, the water system. you may recall ann arbor yesterdays that john allen, in his lyric outburst on the advantages of the community in , especially praised the water as "purest limestone." before long, however, it became apparent that natural springs were lacking on the plateau of the main part of the village and that not everywhere could water be found even by the age-old magic of the willow prong. the crystal-clear rills and streams enjoyed by the first settlers soon became sullied and polluted and people began having to carry their drinking water from varying distances. of course it was still a simple matter for every house to have a cistern or a barrel to collect nice clean rainwater for washing and bathing, while for many decades the volunteer fire department depended on the storing of rain from the roofs of stores and public buildings. one notes that every new public outcry for a more adequate water supply was preceded and motivated by a disastrous fire. the lack of convenient water for domestic purposes seems to have been borne lightly. during the 's public wells began to be constructed: the first one at the south side of the courthouse, then others at various street intersections. for some of them water was run through tamarack logs from daniel brown's place on south main street hill. at maynard and liberty was a well ninety feet deep, walled high with stone, the use of which was limited to fifty families, who each paid a dollar a year for the privi- lege. as artesian wells came into further use, many corner pumps appeared. these became a temptation to students out on the prowl for mischief. during the ' 's this wasteful prank was so popular that superintendent w. s. perry for many years listed "pumping" as one of the misdemeanors forbidden to high school students on pain of suspension. in a private company attempted an artesian well at the west of the courthouse. after penetrating layer after layer without success, they hopefully posted a sign: " feet deep"; to which a jokester added "and $ , high!" in another private company, the ann arbor water company, by a vote of eight to one was granted a thirty-year franchise to set up a proper municipal water system. the site chosen for a pumping station was a part of the farm then owned by james c. allen, son of john allen. it is still an important property of the city water department, now known as the barton pumping station. the indenture shows that canny james reserved the right "to take water from said springs for use at the dwelling house and for a fountain," and specified that the company should erect and maintain a pipe to a drinking the struggle for water trough for his stock, "the water with a sufficient force so as not to freeze." the source of water was a creek and its tributaries fed by springs. the plant was designed and its erection supervised by charles e. greene, dean of the university of michigan engineer- ing department. from the allen farm it pumped the water across the river and up the high hill to chubb road (now sun- set) to an uncovered reservoir embanked only with earth. the two million gallons of water stored there then found their way by the force of gravity through fourteen miles of mains to the various fire hydrants and private faucets. it was not until nine years later, however, that a sewer system was constructed by the city so that the water previously made available could be generally used for bathrooms and toilets. during its thirty-year regime the ann arbor water com- pany had its share of problems. when the water from the allen springs proved insufficient, the company tried slipping in a bit of river water, for which it was eventually brought to task. later the health department complained that a horse had been buried in one of the springs and that cattle were drinking and tramping about at the point where the water entered the pipe, while drainage from a barnyard was finding its way to one of the tributaries. the uncovered earthen reservoir was always a just cause of complaint. even after a fence put an end to its being used as a swimming hole, its waters had a suspicious flavor of decaying vegetable and animal matter. the fire hy- drants, too, were ice-bound and snow-hidden in winter. in the early ' 's the pumping equipment was already in dangerous need of repair. a new pumping station was built on west wash- ington street to make use of artesian wells on the site. in the early 's increasing amounts had to be taken from the huron river. after barton dam was built in , an in- take pipe was thrust feet upstream, twenty-five feet below the surface. a small filter bed previously constructed was made unnecessary by the use of chlorine. purification was next attempted by an ozone plant, the only one in this country at the time, which in turn was abandoned in for a liquid chlorine machine. although experts repeatedly testified that the water of the huron, properly treated, was the best supply for the region, citi- zens clung to their fondness for spring water and would go long distances with bottles and pails to procure it. certain privately owned springs on the north side have always been popular, and a long-vanished "silver spring" in the block on bald- win has become almost mythical. so after the city took over ann arbor yesterdays control on the expiration of the company's franchise, the move- ment to buy and develop the steere farm wells was happily re- ceived, along with the opening of other wells. disappointed in the extreme hardness and the strong iron taste and stain of the water thus obtained, the consumers were quite willing, after long years of argument, to bear the cost of a water sof- tening plant by having their rates raised % for one year— . during the long administration of harrison h. caswell as manager—from to —many other fine things were accomplished, including the construction of a concrete box-type covered reservoir and the introduction of fluorine in the water. of course the great expansion of the city has necessitated the addition of river water again, and people sometimes complain of the chlorine. to them mr. caswell replies, "when you de- tect that smell or taste in water, drink lots of it! it is your best possible guarantee of safety." under its present head, wayne h. abbott, the department is meeting the growing needs of our day, and we may soon see more of those onion-shaped storage tanks on the horizon. a he decade centering around must have been a lively one in ann arbor. during that short period a spectacular new courthouse was built, many of the large store buildings now still standing on main street and many of those on state were erected, and three new public utilities had their beginnings here which were to revolutionize the processes of daily living. i speak of course of electricity, the common water supply, and the telephone. of the three, the one that must have seemed most like magic was the telephone. people had always had water and light of some sort, but before recent announcements of alexander graham bell's invention, they had never even con- ceived of projecting the human voice beyond the reach of one's own lung power. the first telephone in ann arbor was set up by eberbach and co. between their store at south main street and herman hutzel's clothing store adjacent on the south. the con- necting wire had to extend only through a hole in the brick wall. from "bell's toy' to echo i september , from "bell's toy" to echo i scientific investigation must have been the only purpose, as it is doubtful that business matters between the neighboring stores were especially urgent. very soon afterward clark cornwell connected his office in ypsilanti with his paper mills at lowell and geddes, and thomas keech, prominent lumber dealer and fire commissioner of ann arbor, had his three business places connected by phones as a means of issuing an early fire warning. five others pres- ently installed phones in a spirit of whimsical curiosity, but to the usual hard-headed businessman, "bell's toy," as it was na- tionally dubbed, was an impractical piece of extravagance. these early private lines were unconnected with each other by a central switching point, and it took considerable persua- sion to secure the remaining eighteen subscribers to make up the twenty-five required to bring an exchange board to ann arbor in . it then took further argument to find a place to house the little switchboard. the third floor of reinhardt's shoe store at south main could be rented only after the owner was assured by his attorney that all the probable flash- ing and sputtering of such a contraption would not nullify the insurance on his building. the early switchboards contained no numbers. the caller merely told the operator the name of the person with whom he wished to talk and she looked over her collection of outlets to find where to insert the plug. the company owned no special poles at first, merely ex- tending the single strand iron wires between housetops and trees. the connection was usually noisy and one had to shout into the instrument. a new difficulty arose in , when ann arbor's first electric plant produced such heavy interference as to render local phones useless. the introduction of the re- turn ground wire system was the answer to this problem. long distance communication had been established between a number of michigan cities in , and not long afterward the one-wire grounded arrangement was supplanted by the magneto system. there seems to have been no complaint about either serv- ice or rates, which were $ a year for business places and $ for private residences. anyone who went so far as to have a phone at all must have thought it worth the money. i have seen no pictures of the instruments first used in ann arbor, but many of us will remember the clumsy wall phones long in use consisting of two wooden boxes mounted on a panel. the upper one, with its mouthpiece usually placed op- posite the hypothetic face of a very tall man, contained the sending and receiving machinery with the receiver on a hook at the left, a handle to twirl on the right, and two gongs near ann arbor yesterdays the top with a little hammer between. (the speaker was ad- monished to "please ring off when through talking.") the large lower box contained batteries. how different from the dainty pastel "princess" hand-sized phones now on display in the local main office, arranged with as delicate and elaborate a setting of gilded grapevines and wire trellises as one might expect to see in a lingerie shop or a perfumer's window! of course in the interim have come in their turn many improved models: the desk phone, the "french phone," and the self-dialing instru- ment. before the end of the th century various rival companies sprang up throughout the country, offering telephones at lower rates. a number of these came and went in ann arbor, the last one of which was finally absorbed by the bell company in . in the new state company had paid its stockholders a dividend of %, but a vacious sleet storm in december caused a sharp drop in revenue. of course the real loser in the dual system was the business or professional person required to be supplied with both phones. in the early 's telephoning still seemed a romantic new experience, as witness popular songs of the day, such as the plaintive "hello, central, give me heaven," and the frolic- some "call me up some rainy afternoon!" but the wonders of the telephone have not ceased. this summer we watched with open mouths as echo i moved serenely across the sky, a celestial relay station. almost as awe-inspiring have been the ease of transoceanic conversation, and the announcement of long-distance dialing and of the tiny pocket gadget by which one can be buzzed wherever he strays when wanted on the phone. it is a far cry from the simple, rudimentary apparatus set up in the eberbach drugstore or the keech lumberyard over eighty years ago to the tiers upon tiers and banks upon banks of diminutive and intricate parts in michigan bell's four-floor building on washington street. of course the telephone system now plays an important part in numerous activities not directly associated with telephones, such as bearing network radio and television programs over long distances by wire and then re- laying them in the local facility to nearby stations; or the bring- ing in of associated and united press news reports and send- ing them out by teletype to the newspapers. the broadcasting of the football games, too, is a complicated process that makes great demands on the resources of the local telephone plant. nevertheless, ann arbor makes good use of the primary ob- ject of "bell's toy." n. j. prakken, local manager, tells me that there are at present in the community , main line telephones. ann arbor yesterdays ann arbor "michigan emigrant" was the first newspaper in the country to suggest a transcontinental railway. noteworthy are the following pamphlets lent me: . the history of earliest ann arbor, owned by mrs. al- bert gansle. it was published in by n. i. and e. b. van der werker, apparently at the expense of the more than fifty advertisers whose wares or services it describes, and spon- sored by the chamber of commerce. . the inlander for may , property of mrs. julio del toro. it contains an article on "the old houses of ann arbor" by fiske kimball, described from an architect's point of view. many of the houses he analyzes have been seen on our "walks." among various bits i had not known is the fact that the first occupant of "the kempf house" on south division was h. d. bennett, the then secretary of the university. i also learned that "the wheeler mansion," the gray-gabled house on west huron, was designed in by gordon w. lloyd, a specialist in the gothic revival who also drew the plans for st. andrew's church, the stone "judge cooley house" long used as the michi- gan union, the ladies' library, and the "douglas house" on east huron now owned by the baptist church. the deep-mellowed red color and the very different setting of the douglas residence obscure its marked resemblance to the wheeler house. one of my friends expressed disappointment that my first remembrance of the wheeler house was of its being "closed and aloof," for in her girlhood she had had many happy times under its hospitable gables. fiske kimball had been fortunate to see photographs of it in the days of its glory. "here," he says, "could be seen a victorian estate in its perfection, with the gothic cottage nestled among trees, the long terraces of garden roses and over-arching shrubs, the brook meandering through the little meadow bordered by willows, the rustic spring reached by winding paths." this same friend informs me that professor frieze did not live out his days in the campus house, as i had supposed, after giving up his beautiful stone house out washtenaw. he later built a house on the corner of north ingalls and cornwell place which i think must have been situated on a part of the land now occupied by st. joseph hospital, and there he spent his remaining years. miss agnes waite remembers the blizzard of in which the two trainmen were killed. she was on the train herself and saw the two men's bodies stretched out in the station at chelsea when the train finally reached there. so it was not an electric interurban, as i remembered it, from which this tragedy occurred. ann arbor yesterdays mann decided to set up his trade as a tanner in the little vil- lage of ann arbor. hurrying back to reading, pennsylvania, to collect his fam- ily, mann took time out to write an enthusiastic letter to his brother-in-law, emanuel josenhans, in stuttgart, germany, praising the beauties and advantages of washtenaw. herr josen- hans circulated the letter among his acquaintance, and as a result a sizable group of swabians came to settle in the ann arbor region within the next two or three years. meanwhile, in june , mann had returned here with his family and was able to purchase the tannery of harvey austin situated near the present site of the old ann arbor railroad depot. during the next few months the densely wooded hills of south scio witnessed the rearing of log cabins by jacob paul, jacob stollsteimer, carl horning, jacob gross, and christian auch, and across the town line in lodi, that of their fellow - swabian, daniel f. allmendinger; while george mayle, a shoe- maker, and emanuel g. wildt remained near the manns in ann arbor. lest you should think the mann family led a softer life by dwelling in the village, i shall recount some anecdotes passed down in miss rominger's article. finding it difficult to keep house without their own supply of fresh milk, they entrusted their remaining supply of cash to their teen-aged son emanuel, commissioning him to walk down to ohio and bring back a cow. having led the beast back in due time, young emanuel tied her to a tree and was in the house resting from his long trek when bossie pulled herself loose and made for the woods—never to be heard from again, at least by the manns. saddened but undaunted, the family got together what bits of jewelry and other semi-valuables they had brought with them from the old country, turned them into money, and sent the boy forth again, for they did so want a cow. his errand again completed, emanuel this time lodged the prized possession in a shed his father had made ready. but three days later the poor tired animal took sick and died. the tanners' trade was not one that brought a quick turn- over. jonathan would work for months to cure and prepare the skins of the wild animals, then roll the leather pieces into a pack, shoulder it, and walk to detroit to exchange them for groceries and other household necessities, which likewise had to be carried home on his back. one day while on the return trip he was caught in a cloudburst. the sugar and snuff were dissolved, the coffee and rice reduced to a sodden mass that had to be picked out and dried kernel by kernel, and the bright, worship m the woods pretty calico for dresses for his wife and daughters would never look fresh and new again. but these sturdy and thrifty german families prospered in their new environment, and the story went back to the villages and farms of wurttemberg that made ann arbor, scio, and washtenaw household words for liberty and opportunity. so was begun a migration that came in waves throughout the century. the story of "the church in the wildwood" that bound these washtenaw swabians together, and of some of the rugged indi- viduals of whom their descendants have reason to be proud, will have to wait for other mondays. worship in the woods october , to my mind one of the most heroic figures in the settling of michigan was that of friedrich schmid, missionary to the ger- mans and also to the indians. in a surprisingly short time this energetic and devout christian had established more than twenty lutheran congregations, ranging from monroe to "the thumb" and over to grand rapids and back, with the center in the ann arbor region. one can imagine the great forest trees ringing to the strains of "ein' feste burg ist unser gott," as the sturdy german pioneers threw out their chests with a fervor that burst through the open door of the little log cabin where they were worshiping, while up in front would stand their rev- erend leader, who had muscles first trained for a blacksmith and the glowing eyes of a dreamer. friedrich schmid was years old when he began his theo- logical training in the mission society of basel, switzerland. five years later, in april , he had just finished his course when "the call" came from the little group of swabians in washtenaw. though most of them were farmers who had been settling in scio township during the recent four years, jonathan mann, the ann arbor tanner, had been commissioned to write the letter, probably because he had a relative, pastor josen- hans, at the basel mission. young schmid was promptly or- dained as a lutheran minister in the church in lorrach, baden, in germany just across the rhine from basel. ann arbor yesterdays poverty that had caused the explosion in france. but the na- poleonic wars had brought deprivation that had made the life of common people far from easy. the congress of vienna of- fered no hope to the liberal minded. there was actual consid- eration, for instance, as to whether small taxpayers should be counted as "whole souls" or "half souls." various congresses in europe suppressed all liberal movements, even resorting to inquisition and espionage. the abortive revolution of was followed by stiff reactionary measures that resulted in a wave of emigration that brought thousands of germans to the young state of michigan. the swabians again gravitated to ann arbor. other waves followed just before and after the franco-prussian war as a protest against the spread of prussian militarism. in fact "prussian" became a bad word in many an ann arbor house- hold. by more than , swabians were living in and around ann arbor. as all the farm land became occupied, the later waves made their homes in the little city. many of the newcomers were skilled artisans who had learned their trade in the fatherland under the thorough but often painful apprentice- ship system. christian gauss, a second generation swabian who was to become dean of princeton university, tells us that one of the pet jokes among his father's friends was that they were recognizable as former apprentices by the enlarged lobes of their ears, having been yanked around by their masters with those appendages as handles. other newcomers engaged in small businesses which prospered and grew. by nearly one-half of the population of ann arbor was german or of german descent. for a time they became al- most a closed community socially, centering west of main street and south of huron. there german could be heard on the streets, as it was spoken fluently by old and young. church services continued to be conducted in german for many decades and mid-week schools under church auspices perpetuated the german tongue. german games were played and german songs were sung. being musically inclined, these people brought with them their treasured instruments on which they had been well trained in their native land. christian gauss's father, for instance, a baker by trade and the son of an innkeeper, had been taught piano and accordion as well as his favorite, the flute. his choicest possession was a golden-toned boxwood flute that had belonged to an th century baron. when not out singing with the mannerchor on a pleasant ann arbor evening, he would be likely to be playing duets at home with his neighbor, henry otto, an excellent violinist. when "boys would be boys" german bands were common too. in a little upper room of an outbuilding on the staebler farm on scio church road a really serious band used to practice, and their uniforms were something to behold. fine music teachers, too, like reuben kempf were of german blood and training. it was undoubtedly partly due to this german element in our population that ann arbor was able to develop as a great music center. here too the german christmas customs have been per- petuated: the "christmas garden" around the tree, and those delicious lebkuchen—springerles and pfefferneusse! the name of the street, however, that was especially be- loved by these germans is significant. they came to america for a certain purpose and they achieved it in ann arbor. chris- tian gauss's father made no bones of the fact that he chose the location for his bakery and home so that his children might be "born on liberty street." when "boys would be boys" october , it is with a feeling of mixed nostalgia and relief that old ann arborites recall the student pranks of an earlier day. except for an occasional flurry over disappearing davenports or pur- loined cups and saucers, university students nowadays are too sophisticated to indulge in much high- spirited hell-raising. on the whole they are older, many of them having done their stretch in the armed services before attempting college. a consider- able proportion of them, too, are married and must either take the little wife along on any evening junket or must stay at home in the tiny apartment and help do the baby's washing. the passing of the old-time unsupervised boys' rooming house may also be a factor, as well as the enlargement and improvement of the ann arbor police force. some other monday i shall tell you all i can find out about two very serious riots that occurred during the university of michigan's third quarter-century: the demolishing of the star theatre, and the earlier quite unanticipated brawl with the local militia that culminated in a death on each side. but today we shall confine ourselves to events and customs usually classified as "good clean fun." armistice day november , older readers will probably remember november , , as the most heart-throbbing day of their whole lives. the sus- pense that led up to that monday morning had been tremendous. all kinds of circumstances both directly and indirectly connected with the war had contributed to the build-up of emotions. the worst flu epidemic in modern history had been ravag- ing the world all fall, in the homes as well as in the armed forces. i remember hearing, for instance, that in boston the undertakers had been shockingly unable to provide coffins. we in ann arbor had been going about with gauze masks over nose and mouth. the schools were closed for two weeks in october. movies and other public meeting places had been closed, but on november were announced to have been fumigated and re- opened. makeshift infirmaries had been set up for convales- cent s.a.t.c. boys, although there had been too many deaths among them, billeted as they were in crowded fraternity houses. a heated national election took place on november , in which the big issue was woman suffrage. the papers had printed many good letters on the subject. a telling one from the elder- ly but spirited little mrs. george began: "women are not ask- ing the ballot as a reward for their war work." less featured news space of the week was given to "how to pack the christmas box for soldiers overseas," and to the wrecking of a troop train in illinois on the way to a football game. armistice day but the enormous headlines were devoted to war news sug- gesting the swift-moving collapse of the enemy. on november the ann arbor daily times news cried jubilantly in letters five inches high: "austria deserts kaiser bill!; a day or two later, "germany ripe for outbreak of revolution!; and on no- vember , "hun sailors at kiel mutiny." in midafternoon of friday, november , came one of the strangest news blunders of all time, the false armistice announcement. i remember well the sudden unscheduled ringing of church bells and blowing of whistles. the hilarious turmoil in the streets which followed for hours was due for a heartbreaking letdown, however, when word came that the announcement had been premature. the week-end was spent in breath-held listening and wait- ing, while we knew that the boys were still dying in the trench- es. on saturday evening a slender michigan daily extra had half-page headlines: "germans revolt. kaiser out." next morning an apparent attempt to bring students back to normal gave to michigan's football victory over chicago headlines equal in size to "revolution spreading in germany." it was shortly after two a.m. monday morning, november , that sleepers were aroused. ten minutes after the wire came through, theg times news had their boys on the streets yelling "extra!" meantime the editor had alerted mayor wurster and judge sample. the mayor promptly called out a fire truck equipped with a huge steel triangle to go clamoring all over town. judge sample and his two young sons made all speed to the courthouse and rang the big bell. regent beal, also called out of bed by the times news office, quickly gave the order to "b. and g." superintendent pardon to blow the university of michigan fire whistle. church bells and fire works were soon joining the uproar. by four o'clock a huge bonfire was blazing on the intersection of main and huron. by : a.m. the times news had issued a second extra giving further de- tails. four thousand copies of the two editions were eagerly bought up, as well as the four different extras of the michigan daily. before dawn country folk were pouring into town and the streets were thronged with people too excited to think of breakfast. a general holiday was proclaimed (everywhere but in the public schools, which remained in futile session till noon!) at p.m. the official parade got under way at the corner of main and ann. eight thousand strong, three miles in length, led gaily along by military and city bands, it took an hour to pass any given spot. every known organization participated, and all sorts of foreign born were in evidence. the favorite display on the floats showed the kaiser in effigy being hanged ann arbor yesterdays or beheaded or (by the medics) being dissected alive. a song- fest in front of hill auditorium wound up the ceremony. but far into the night cars trailing tin pans banged through the streets. ann arbor railroad engines tooted their whistles, dance bands played for impromptu parties, and crowded movies put on free shows. what a day! what an uproarious, glorious day! f\.s we go whirling along the divided highways, the express- ways, and the turnpikes of our own day, we find it hard to imagine the difficulties that confronted the pioneers in their at- tempt to pierce their way through marsh and forest from the port of detroit to the land they had chosen on paper. in allen and rumsey were fortunate in making their entering trips in february, when frost had stiffened up the ground and the leafless trees opened a vista. but in october of the same year it took four days for john allen's young brother and his school teacher friend orville barnes to bring the seven unloaded horses through the black swamp and the dense woods between sandusky bay, ohio, and detroit. later in the same month the two noble families needed four days to reach ann arbor from detroit. on the second night when they were forced to camp out, the men got the sup- per, for their young wives were too fatigued from walking all day carrying their babies and keeping an eye on the other seven children. "every few rods," harriet noble reminisced fifty years later, "it would take two or three men to pry the wagon out of the mud," while the walkers stumbled along through brush and over fallen timber. near the end of the third day harriet's feet were so swollen that she could go no farther. of course the husbands had to walk all the way too, to prod the clumsy oxen. the previous year woodruff and grant had brought their belongings back down the detroit river and up the winding huron by boat. it was not until late in that even the crude semblance of a road was cut through from detroit to woodruff's grove below the future ypsilanti. of highroads and low roads november , of high roads and low roads of course for centuries before the coming of the white man, the peninsula had been criss-crossed by indian trails which were of great value to the early settlers. padded down by genera- tion after generation of moccasined feet, they followed the water- ways, skirting the edge of deep woods and swamps. all but the fairly recent of our state roads follow or parallel such trails: us , the grand river road, the pontiac trail, the dexter roads, and the huron river drive, to name a few. the most important was the great sauk trail, now us , which was a part of an indian route extending from new eng- land to the rocky mountains. while the lesser trails consisted of a single foot-track for running "indian file," the sauk trail was usually wide enough for two warriors abreast. it was dry and smooth most of the year, the path so well beaten that even brush or rangy weeds could not grow on it. in some places a double track was worn by a "travois" tied to the indian pony to drag a load, but the gauge was too narrow for wagon tracks. in father gabriel richard persuaded congress to survey the great sauk trail for a road from detroit to chi- cago, and orange risdon was hired to undertake the survey. his name, along with those of joseph francis wampler and samuel pettibone, became important in the annals of map and road making in washtenaw and neighboring counties. after the revolution, the acquiring of the immense "public domain" of the northwest territory had left the united states treasury deep in the red, and the selling of lands to settlers required an accurate survey. the final land ordinance stipu- lated that townships be laid out six miles square, and these in turn in one-mile squares. these lines were to become the country roads with which the new states were checkered. the terrain, however, often gave the surveyors a bad time, as they tried to run the lines in turn through swamps, dense forests, and shifting sands. the indians had ceded all land east of a base line running north from defiance, ohio, and this be- came the "michigan meridian." at a point seventy-eight miles north of defiance, a base line was to run east to lake st. clair, eventually forming the north boundary of jackson, washtenaw, and wayne counties, roughly corresponding to eight mile road. irregularities around base and portage lakes, however, caused the county limits to slip considerably from the way they were represented on paper; while because no uniform "correction lines" had yet been established, the jogs in the north-south roads were often inconsistent. the first improvement in the roadbed itself was the cordu- roy road, which consisted in a basic layer of small logs cut in ann arbor yesterdays twelve-foot lengths, laid crosswise of the track, and covered with earth six inches to a foot deep. since these were primar- ily used where the land tended to be soaked with water, a rainy spell would wash away the cushioning earth and the logs simply floated. for through roads the next improvement was the privately financed plank road, in the latter 's. the state charters demanded that the companies provide a good smooth roadbed sixteen feet wide, with oak planks eight feet long and three inches thick fastened across the middle. toll gates at ten-mile intervals were allowed to collect two cents per mile for two- horse vehicles and one cent for one-horse rigs. for many decades ann arbor maps showed a toll gate on south main street about opposite the present american legion club house. the one on north main must have been outside the city limits. the cross-striped lines, however, show both the plank roads to saline and howell to have extended many blocks nearer to the business section. the last of the chapin name november , it is unfortunate, and a little sad, that so few of the fine old families that established the trend of ann arbor in its early decades are represented by descendants still living in the city. many of these families have died out entirely, while the rem- nants of others have moved so far away as to have lost inter- est in this community. although this fate has overtaken the chapin family, many of our readers will remember the last of her line, a busy, ef- ficient little lady named lucy chapin. i used to think her very cross looking until, on being introduced to her in her later years, i found her very gracious. miss lucy was quite a per- son in her own right. when she died in november , the ann arbor news devoted two-thirds of a column of page to her obituary, stressing her accomplishments rather than her lineage. for forty-two years she was assistant to the secre- tary of the university, and for forty-three years the painstak- ing secretary of the ann arbor high school alumni association. ann arbor yesterdays to be treasurer of the university for four years, and to be long- time vestryman and treasurer of st. andrew's episcopal church. volney chapin's generosity and lenience with slow-paying cus- tomers were widely acknowledged, the county history even stating that for that reason "the present wealth and development of washtenaw are largely due to him." you may be surprised to hear that the once palatial and hospitable residence of this successful capitalist survives as peter's hotel and the adjacent businesses at fourth avenue and ann street, having had a devious career since chapin's death in , including joe parker's famed catalpa inn. the catalpa trees, incidentally, had been planted by mrs. chapin herself, whose beautiful rose garden extended over almost the entire block. in his later enterprises volney chapin had as partner his son charles, lucy's father. though a sound and wise business man, charles was cast in a somewhat gentler mold than his father and was less of the aggressive pioneer. he held vari- ous offices of trust, however, and was much honored and be- loved. he married frances kingsley, daughter of judge kings- ley and lucy clark, that fabled young lady who refused to come into the wilderness without her piano. so that is how it came about that, to her dying day, the parlor of little miss lucy chapin was graced by the strange looking small piano to whose tinkling music the potawatomi indians used to dance. a new city hall on an old, old block november , before the winter settles in, some of our readers may like to take another of those popular walks, calling up an image of old ann arbor. what more appropriate then, than that we should stroll around the block which before long will be the setting of our spectacular new city hall? it is a beautiful piece of land, sloping gently toward fifth avenue and still surrounded by fine big trees. the first entry of the abstracts of title which the city must acquire will bear the testimony, "government of the united states to john allen," for this is a part of the original village and on allen's side of ann arbor yesterdays built in fairly recent times on the site of a much earlier small house, bought in by the vandawarker family. one of the boys of a later generation, george, was to become the first manager of the city water department. most of the houses now crowding each other for frontage on huron street were built much later. one notes on the tract index that one of them was built by j. arthur brown, whose daughter nellie was a prominent city organist. at the back of the building until recently occupied by the rentschlers, father and son, for their photograph business, is a bulky older sec- tion. centered on four of the allen-drawn lots, it used to be a part of the fine home of charles thayer, another of the five donors of the university of michigan campus. thayer street perpetuates his name. the last house on huron in the property the city is about to purchase, the square white one with encircling veranda, now the gleaming home of offices, would soon have been years old. it was built by densmore cramer, who became mayor of ann arbor in , and as a young man had been a delegate to the convention that nominated lincoln. he was a soldier in the civil war, and his grandson, seward cramer, jr., was destined to become a gold star in the service flags of world war h. as we round the block on division street, we shall come to a similar square house on the corner of ann, built nearly a century ago by moses rogers, brother of randolph, the ann arbor boy who became a famous sculptor. moses' daughter katie was locally well known as a portrait painter, and the books say that moses could have painted pretty well himself if he'd had the time! strolling back down ann street, we see among the closely- built houses only two that approach the century mark. to the one with its porch on the side a young widow, mrs. root, brought her three infants from connecticut in to be near her step- daughter, mrs. alonzo palmer, who lived in the brick mansion across the street. just beyond is a house built in by a mrs. blood, but much later known for the big barn in the back yard that was mullison's livery stable—until livery stables were no more. in the middle of the sidewalk somewhere along here there used to be—until not so long ago—an enormous oak tree, which had probably sprouted there long before john allen bought the land in . the railroad comes to town december , it seemed quite like old times to have ann arbor's great rallies of take place at the new york central railroad station. back in many of us were a part of the excited throng that greeted marshall foch from the hillside that rises abruptly to high street, and it was from that natural amphi- theatre that we were introduced to the appealing personality of wendell wilkie some years later. it used to be great fun, too, to join the crowds that always welcomed home triumphant foot- ball teams, cheering them from the curved hills or the big bridge. but never has a more jubilant multitude gathered at that appropriate spot than on october , , when the very first train reached ann arbor. the newspapers had given specific instructions as to just how the various categories were to ar- range themselves when they met at a.m. at the exchange hotel across from the courthouse, to march thence in proper fashion to the depot. col. jewett was chairman of arrange- ments, lt. gov. mundy president of the day, two judges were to give speeches, and twenty other prominent names were listed as the committee. it turned out to be a gorgeous indian summer day and "all was gayety and delight." the rancor and bitterness engendered during the eight-year struggle to get the railroad here were now forgotten—though the editor of the western emigrant couldn't resist a gibe at "the outrageous inefficiency and procrastination ann arbor yesterdays of those heretofore entrusted with the building of this road." at noon the cars from detroit rumbled merrily in, bearing a thousand guests; how that many people could be packed into the few tiny cars available was not explained in the papers. they were met by the committee in a dignified manner, even if the speeches may have been lost on the crowd of villagers and country folk who were no doubt staring open-mouthed at the engine and the cars. it was appropriate that the honorable james kingsley should make the welcoming remarks, for it was he who had been inspired by john allen's suggestion for such a road away back in and had hammered at it with all the weight of his influence until it was achieved. george c. bates, esq., "on behalf of the common council of detroit made a felicitous reply." the procession then formed again to lead the visitors through the principal streets of the village. most of the imposing resi- dences that were to become landmarks were not yet built, but it was a neat little town and must have been bright with autumn leaves on that lovely fall day. amid all the gayety one little band of children were sadly disappointed. mr. thomas holmes, an excellent schoolmaster in lower town, marched his pupils in very good order to the top of a north-side hill a quarter-mile from the depot, where they viewed the pageant from afar. one of those children was to lament to the pioneer society thirty-five years later: "if he wanted to give us a treat, why did he not take us to the station?" on the wide grounds of the still new little courthouse, tables had been set and a "splendid banquet was served by messrs. clark and petty of the exchange." there was room there too for the brady guards of detroit to pitch their tents, while the washtenaw guards showed them every military cour- tesy and even the pittsfield volunteer corps performed in a soldier-like manner. though the burning midday sun was re- ported to have taken the edge off some people's appetites, all were ready when the cloths were removed to drink a dozen toasts and to listen to the speeches given in response. the most significant remarks were made by judge thomp- son, who had been in official charge of completion of the rail- road through the harrowing days of one of the country's most disastrous financial panics. he pictured the surrounding land as he had found it only ten years earlier as "a howling, uncul- tivated, savage wilderness." the completed railroad now made it possible to reach detroit in two and a half hours, he said, while the best time one could previously make with horses was a full day. our other railroad the last toast was brief and needed no response: "to woman—cupid's locomotive!" that's the only mention the papers make of women in the whole account, though i imagine they were all there, hanging daintily on the arms of their es- corts. the little engine that was tooting for the return of its pas- sengers at p.m. had cord wood piled high on the tender. each passenger car, as described in later years, was like an omnibus placed at right angles to the track, moving sidewise on four wheels. the conductor walked a little platform outside and collected fares hanging by his arms through the window. as they chugged along, the passengers must often have been thrown from their seats, for the track ran close to the huron river "in all its sinuosities." the track was said to have been "built on a continuous wooden rail or stringer of sawed timber," which was "fitted into sawed ties, held to the tie in a trapezoidal groove by wooden wedges." spiked on top of this stringer was "an iron strap when they had it"; when not, an oak "ribbon" was used. as time went on, a worn strap rail would sometimes become loos- ened from the stringer and would burst through the floor of a car! since headlights were unknown, these early trains ran only in daylight hours. by the mid-eighties, the depot that had been called beauti- ful on that fine autumn day in had become shabby and in- adequate, and the present structure was built. it was termed "the finest on the line between buffalo and chicago." the stones were obtained from foster's station, "no two alike." it is still a picturesque building, though many layers of thick en- gine smoke have obscured the delicate coloring of the glacial fieldstones so carefully hewn and arranged. our other railroad december , 'there may be people living in ann arbor at present who do not even realize that this is a two-railroad town. the very fact that our second road bears only the name of our city may obscure the fact that it is a distinct line rather than just a ann arbor yesterdays corunna, and some point in the saginaw valley. but since only the people of ann arbor were ready to buy stock, the idea was abandoned. even after toledo citizens showed interest in and $ , had been subscribed, the company formed with e. w. morgan as president had to go into liquidation. in $ , were again subscribed, this time with silas h. douglas as president and morgan as secretary, and grading was com- menced. but bankruptcy came in and the whole property was offered for sale. in the road was bought by james m. ashley of toledo, a former governor of montana now out of a political job and looking for something to promote. under his dynamic, but amateurish leadership the tracks reached ann arbor amid great rejoicing on may , . many changes of route were con- sidered in the next few years, one of which would have directed the line to the tip of "the thumb." various names were used also, "ann arbor railroad" not being settled on until . the final route avoided all the big towns, turning its back on pontiac, flint, saginaw, bay city, lansing, and grand rap- ids; nor did any really great industrial centers ever develop along the path it struck through farmland and forest. it de- pended on its junctions with other lines and its service to its own modest communities for its control of a large part of the carrying needs of the heart of the peninsula. by a stroke of intuition, in the early ' 's governor ashley hired as top civil engineer the youthful henry e. riggs, who was later to become one of the university of michigan's most distinguished professors. in his three or four years with the road, young riggs was to transform the flimsy, uncertain road- bed typical of the promotor-built railroads of the day into a sound and sturdy line. one of his most urgent problems was the reconstruction of the huron river bridge. it had consisted of a long wooden trestle across the mill pond and a low wooden deck truss over north main street, designed by professor charles e. greene years before. riggs found both in bad condition, dangerous to the increased traffic and to the heavier locomotives then planned. he always remembered this job as a tricky one because of the curve involved. two facts about governor ashley illustrate his "rugged in- dividualism." he would permit no sunday trains, nor even the taking home of any private home work among the office force on the sabbath; and he would back up his trusted old employ- ees even to the point of disaster. when in he was visited by a committee of the brotherhood of railroad engineers baggage car carol demanding that he discharge two of his best old engine drivers because they would not join the union, he refused. according to riggs, who was present, a hothead on the committee threat- ened a strike, and ashley thundered, "i am running this rail- road. get out of here and strike! those boys will have a job here as long as i have one." the strike that did follow was a severe blow to the com- pany and ended in a four-year receivership. the receiver ap- pointed, wellington r. burt of saginaw, was a wealthy lum- ber baron. another rugged individualist, he pushed ahead ex- pensive improvements which, riggs declared, changed the road from "a jerk-water line to a real railroad." the structural change, however, which was to prove the greatest boon to ann arbor residents did not occur till — the overpass over washington, huron, miller, and felch streets. the aggravation to the tempers of present-day motorists which grade crossings at those strategic points would have caused is indeed terrible to conceive! baggage car carol december , it was the morning of december th, . heavy snow had fallen during the night and was still falling. the roof of the old ann arbor railroad station was weighted deep with the snow, and the temporary clearing of paths and platform had thrown up great hills of white. inside, the little waiting room was jammed with people, for, with wartime restrictions on gas, this one-a- day train was our only chance of reaching homes or relatives upstate for christmas eve. you will recall that the road had been about to discontinue its unprofitable passenger service when the war came, and people were now glad to use this means of transportation who had long scoffed at its shabby red plush seats. "they'll be putting on extra cars at toledo i suppose?" i asked anxiously as i bought my ticket. "extra cars!" the agent snorted. "they've only got one passenger car each way on the whole line!" presently we found ourselves being herded up improvised ann arbor yesterdays guests were in their beds, and the "party" came to them. santa claus himself had come from the northland (at least as far north as fenton). he was heralded by a little procession of hospital teachers, nurses, galens, kiwanians, and king's daughters who moved down the ward corridor ringing sleigh- bells and singing (rather weakly) the carols played by a mrs. santa claus on her accordion. pushed along with them were huge cartloads of big red tarlatan bags filled with sturdy func- tional toys and gifts. at each door santa was handed in turn a specific bag and told the child's name and just which bed to approach. leaning down and calling the child gently by name, he would linger for a few moments of quiet private conversa- tion while he presented the bag of gifts. each bag had been filled by the teachers of the hospital school with the individual child in mind, the age, sex, aptitudes, and special handicaps all being considered. the retail price of the articles in any one bag would range from $ . to $ . , without counting the handwork included. a reserve supply was laid aside too for other children who might be brought into the hospital between the time of the party and christmas day. mr. warnhoff's gifts are saved for christmas morning and for spe- cial occasions throughout the year. the cost of the gifts for this party is borne by the galens (senior medics), who began their annual tag day on the streets of ann arbor back in . it has enabled them to finance many other projects in the hospital school as well. kiwanis has also backed the school in many ways, but their contribu- tion to the christmas party is santa himself, who is an ex-state governor of the club. the pioneers in the educational movement in the hospital, however, are the king's daughters, who started in with a sunday school in the old red brick buildings; who paid the sal- ary of the first professional teacher in ; and who have given the project their devoted year-round support ever since. i have used their motto for the title of this article. the hos- pital school staff now numbers twenty-seven specially trained teachers, their pupils ranging from one-year-olds through high school. the very tiny children sometimes looked bewildered or even frightened to see this strange gentleman in a red suit with as- tonishing white beard charging down upon their beds amid an unfamiliar clatter in the corridor, but only one poor little chap cried inconsolably and had to be lifted up and cuddled on a nurse's shoulder. two or three others were obviously feeling just too sick to notice the unexpected antics of adults but seemed "not for self but for others" mildly comforted by santa's kind eyes and reassuring voice. as santa moved on, it was fun to see the animation with which the formerly spellbound youngsters, though often impeded by casts, splints, and bandages, began trying out their toys. a favored item seemed to be a doctor's kit. of course most of the children reacted joyously to santa's approach, while some were real charmers or little "hams" who put on a good show for his benefit. in the sterile ward for the seriously burned children, our last stop, a little colored boy raised his sweet soprano voice in solo to "mrs. santa" muehlig's accordion and filled the long ward with carol after carol, every note and word reaching to our group away down at the doorway. next to him a chubby little white girl on a revolving frame expressed a desire to sing, and gave us "how much is that doggie in the window?" with great vigor and the clearest enunciation, but in a very strange low pitch—for the little darling was a monotone! ring dem charmin bells' january , ±\ generation ago the residents of central ann arbor were used to hearing, on sunday mornings and on special occasions, a great chorus of bells. it was fun to listen for them and to identify them by pitch and direction as their separate voices came in. one could imagine the different sextons vying with one another as they pulled vigorously on the ropes. each new year was heralded in joyously at midnight; and it was the ring- ing of bells that announced an era of lasting peace, we thought, on armistice day, . there were other bells in those days too: school bells, fire bells, sleigh bells, dinner bells. poems were written about them, and songs composed to imitate their varied moods. elec- tric gongs and sirens and wristwatches have now assumed their utilitarian functions, while perhaps the very splendor of the baird carillon has caused the churches that have moved or re- built to dispense with their simple, less sophisticated bells. the first to move were the presbyterians. they took with them their fine big bell from its brick tower on the corner of huron and division to their grove-like site on washtenaw, but have left it sitting on the ground, voiceless except when hit with stones by small boys or knocked upon by roistering students in the middle of the night. of course the presbyterians have the distinction of having brought to town another bell, the very earliest in ann arbor, in . first rung from the crotch of a great oak tree, it "ring dem charmd*' bells" was soon established in its own square tower at the front of their first little frame church. later mounted on the first courthouse it served for forty years as a curfew. next it summoned the mack school children to their red brick building in west park for forty-five years. since it has quietly reposed in the storeroom at jones school until, just this fall, it was put up for auction by the board of education and sold to mrs. robert eberbach for $ . . it is two feet high, and still ringable. the next of the more recent bells to be given up was the methodist. when, about , the old red brick church was being torn down to make way for the present gleaming edifice, the bell was offered for sale by the wrecking contractor. since no purchaser valued it as a bell, it was sold for salvage to a detroit company for $ , was melted down, and was converted into munitions for use in world war ii. this noble bell, like most of the fine bells hereabouts, was cast in england. since it was five feet in diameter and weighed , pounds, the low- ering of it from its base to the ground, a distance of eighty-four feet, required considerable apparatus, but was accomplished in two hours. the most recent to become silent is the zion lutheran bell. it still hangs in its steeple at the corner of washington and fifth avenue, but is superfluous in the function the struc- ture now serves as an office building. this bell, cast in troy, new york, was bought and hung in by the congregational- ists, whose first church home was on this corner, and was left behind when they moved to state and william in , where they have never had a bell. when the zion people rebuilt on the same site in , they made provision for the bell. at their beautiful new sanctuary away out west liberty, however, they depend on their set of glass-encased, inch-high bells, electronically controlled, to flood the countryside with sacred music. st. paul's lutheran church, too, on the corner of west liberty and third streets, makes use of electronic chimes, while reserving for emergencies the bell purchased and hung when the congregation moved to that site in . now for the church bells that are still in use: the bethle- hem church on south fourth avenue possesses three bells which are rung simultaneously by three men to form a chord. the men entrusted with these ropes must have a keen sense of rhythm and good muscular coordination to synchronize their pulling or the resultant peals would have ragged edges. in my part of town only two bells are now heard, where old-time winter fun any facts my readers can contribute toward the solving of this fascinating problem will be greatly appreciated, and will be duly reported in this column. old-time winter fun january , one day last month the editor of the news commented in his "ann arbor town" on the fact that, notwithstanding the nostalgic laments of old timers, there are still plenty of places in this city for outdoor winter fun. i quite agree. since it is the function of this column, however, to call the yesterdays to life without much argument, you may enjoy picturing just where and how the fun was had "in grandpa's day." before the automobile became so common as to demand priority, many of our hilly streets were set aside for coasting. long bobsleds were often used on which eight or ten riders could fit themselves together closely, though every child liked to have a little sled of his own on which to "belly flop." north state street hill must have had not only barricades at kingsley street and the side streets but also some sort of guard at the lower end, for i have the word of two authorities that the coasting run extended "over the railroad tracks." broadway hill gave a magnificent sweep of almost half a mile from its crest to the leveling off at the edge of the lower town busi- ness section, while spring street allowed a still longer breath- taking glide from st. thomas cemetery all the way to miller avenue. back of the old red brick university hospital buildings was "corkscrew hill," a run so tricky and dangerous that the more careful mothers would not allow their children to slide there. since it has always been human to try to improve upon nature, at one time a toboggan slide was built in the old cat hole, the abrupt dip behind the present health service and kellogg insti- tute. as late as the 's catherine street used to be roped off from north ingalls to beyond glen avenue when the snow was right. older people will remember, too, the exciting saturday afternoon adventure of "catching on bobs." in a good sleighing ann arbor yesterdays all set for the long run down broadway hill, . (milton wint at the controls, then two shermans, bertha and dorothy dorows, ann and louise pommerening, and three jolly youngsters on the end that none of the rest can identify after forty-odd years.) season, every farmer removed the wheels from his "lumber wagon" and substituted two sets of runners, or "bobs," wide enough for a resting place for small feet. the game was to catch an outgoing sleigh when it was in motion, grab the side of the wagon box, swing one's feet onto the runners, and either pull oneself upright or flop into a sitting position. the good- natured farmer would say "tch tch" to his horses, and the pre- motor hitch-hikers would ride merrily along until, somewhere outside the city limits, they spied another sleigh bound for town, when they would hop off and repeat the process. some- times a group would find themselves stranded away out in the country and would not be quite so happy over the long walk back. then, too, there was the romantically jolly sleighload party on a crisp night under the stars. huddled in the sleigh box or perched on a hayrack on the sides, the young folks would sing themselves hoarse. at their destination in some over-heated parlor or kitchen, the favorite refreshments were steaming oyster stew and cocoa. outdoor skating, of course, has always been a pleasure. throughout the years the huron river has been a temptation, for the beauty of its banks enhances the mere joy of swift mo- tion, but the danger involved has led to many tragedies. be- sides the hazard of unexpected "air holes," there used to be the ice companies' cut along both sides of the river when the ice had become a foot or two thick, and the refrozen surface of the water formed a trap for the unwary. frolics the year around safer skating places could be found along allen's creek or on the many swampy spots not then drained, such as a low area in the triangle extending far back from packard and south main streets. another place the less venturesome children were free to enjoy was a charming little pond in the oak grove between hill street and south university, still traceable in front of the forest plaza. an map shows a "skating park" just north of miller avenue between allen's creek and the mill race. miss carrie watts, an elderly lady of a generation ago who had a gift for historical reminiscence and often obeyed the urge to write it down, recorded her memories of this place as "a large artifi- cial pond with a good shelter building" where, for a small fee, the skaters could get warm and rest on the benches before undertaking the cold trek home. frolics the year around january , 'though last week's article emphasized cold weather pleasures in "the early days," it need not be supposed that all the fun stopped when the spring thaw came, nor that all the winter fun took place out of doors. miss carrie watts has left us an account of the skills in- troduced to the community in the 's by one john kelly, riding and dancing master. the son of a methodist minister in the east, this "dapper little fellow" came west to earn his way through ann arbor high school and the literary and medi- cal departments of the university. in his riding classes girls were taught to skim along gracefully while perched side-saddle, their "riding habit" (the official name for the appropriate cos- tume) consisting of a skirt extending below the instep, a neat tailored jacket, and a stiff little derby-like hat. while on the subject of modest and seemly apparel for young ladies participating in athletic exercise, this may be an appropriate place to quote in its entirety a clipping from an ann arbor paper dated as late as may : ann arbor yesterdays "only students of good character" "can be admitted to see the basket ball games "and the young ladies who invited them must sign a guaran- tee to that effect "only students of good moral character will be permitted to see the co-eds in their gym suits playing basket ball after this. this is the edict of dean eliza mosher of the barbour gymnasium. "in order to play basket ball the young ladies necessarily dispense with a length of skirt that would be proper on other occasions and the lower edge of the garment reaches a point only slightly below the knee. thus free action of the limbs is accorded. "evidently thinking that the costuming might attract those inclined to degenerate tastes, dean mosher has inaugurated a system by which the young ladles participating in the game can invite gentlemen. the athlete co-ed hands in the names to the women's dean and at the same time signs a guarantee of the good moral character of the preferred stock. the dean then sends the young men admission cards." now to go back to the ministrations of clapper little mr. kelly some thirty years earlier. his large dancing classes gave opportunity for both children and adults, although he was a firm believer in teaching children to dance before they were overtaken by "the awkward age." nickles hall was hired for his dancing school—a large hall on state street on the third floor, miss watts records, "over slater's book store." those were, i suppose, the days of "set" dancing: the quadrille or square dance, and the more stately lancers the intricacies of which had to be learned without benefit of a noisy "caller off." it was about the turn of the century that the dreamy waltz and the rollicking two-step (the "round dances") became fashion- able, relegating the square dances to country parties or gather- ing places of the unsophisticated until, some thirty-odd years later, the henry fords revived their jolly charm. though the waltz and two-step seemed to the previous gen- eration to have a kind of monotony, the step itself was intricate enough to require teaching, and dancing schools flourished. in the early 's ann arbor had a number of public dance halls, too, the most popular of which was granger's, on maynard street at the north end of the present carport. there several nights a week students and town young people whirled to the music of ike fischer's first-rate orchestra. certain down-town dancing places were considered not quite proper and were "off limits" for university girls. just before world war i the waltz and two-step were our own forty-niners february , it is again my pleasure to tell you of a recent addition to ann arbor's printed history: "letters home—the story of ann arbor's forty-niners" by russell e. bidlack. this attractive fifty-six-page paperback might be thought of as merely an over- sized pamphlet except that its large pages contain matter enough to dignify it as a book. produced by ann arbor publishers, it is available at bookstores for $ . . the introduction was written by f. clever bald, ph.d., head of the michigan histori- cal collections, while the lively illustrations reproduce zinc etchings of a broadside of the 's. dr. bidlack, an associate professor of library science at the university, wrote his doctoral thesis on the early history of the university of michigan general library. in the research involved he was impressed by the value of old newspapers as source material. the method of this new book is to reproduce, in their entirety or in significant excerpts, eighteen letters pub- lished in contemporary newspapers which were written home by five well-known ann arbor citizens who pioneered in the california gold rush in , and to preface and intersperse the letters with rich explanatory background. carefully anno- tated, the book is a trustworthy supplement to anything published elsewhere on that mad outburst of "gold fever." since the hon. john allen, illustrious founder of ann arbor, did not undertake his fatal attempt to profit by the movement until , his long and illuminating letters are not included in how the yankees took over the town then, cherishing his little bag of gold dust, he was making for home via the isthmus when his side-wheel steamer encountered a hurricane and capsized,—and desire brown ormsby was again a widow. but you must read this little book for yourself. its true drama makes "wagon train" seem like weak stuff. how the yankees took over the town february , it has long been my impression that the new england region had more to do with the settling of ann arbor and the trend of its development than is usually supposed. it was not until my recent concentrated study of the matter, however, that i real- ized the preponderance of new englanders in every walk of life during ann arbor's first quarter-century. one cause of the misunderstanding is the fact that many who left new england shortly after the revolution settled for a generation or two in york state before pressing on to points farther west, and were consequently referred to by their neigh- bors in michigan as new yorkers. the major change that their brief stop in the empire state seems to have made in them was one of dialect. at any rate, i have seen the statement in sup- posedly authentic history that ann arbor was settled by virgini- ans and new yorkers. the claim of virginia is easily disposed of. with all due respect to our founding fathers, i need only point to the fact that the only virginian households i have seen any trace of in the young village are those of the allen family: john allen's own, his father's, his brother james t.'s, and that of his sister and brother-in-law, the welches. even the school teacher orville barnes, who accompanied the allen clan on their trek from virginia, was a new englander born and bred. elisha walker rumsey, co-founder with john allen, was not a native of new york state as the story usually has it, though he had apparently settled there for a time, but was born in sharon, connecticut. so also was his lawyer brother, henry r. rumsey, who came here a year later, bought a farm that was soon to include the university of michigan campus, and is always referred to as judge rumsey. his daughter minerva married edward mundy, who was to become lieutenant-governor of the state. our early churches—the presbyterian were the farmers, whose improved acreage usually ran from $ to $ , on the census roll. the merchants also did surprisingly well, though none of the others approached the for- tune of william s. maynard, who, with $ , , was tied with one other for the distinction of being the richest man in town. that other was massachusetts-born george d. hill, years old, who at this time merely listed himself as "gentleman," but in the next few years was to build an opera house and two hotels and to give his last name to a street then still on the outskirts of town. there were various other surprises among the savings listed, as that of the hatter, one john west, who could boast of $ , . one can even understand poor ann allen's somewhat preju- diced warning in a letter to her young son in virginia at the time that her husband's financial empire was beginning to crash around him: "michigan is chiefly settled by new england yank- ees (cunning as foxes) ... so i do not know what chance you would have among them." but surely, when new england's ann arbor saga can boast of mayors, judges, senators, a gov- ernor, and all sorts of ministers and intellectuals, it is not fit- ting to end it on a sour note. our early churches—the presbyterian february , some months ago when i was recounting in this column the experiences of that indomitable german missionary, the rev- erend friedrich schmid, several people expressed a desire to learn more about the beginnings of their own denomination dur- ing the formative years of the village. it is my purpose today to begin a series of five articles in answer to that request. since all five of those early ann arbor churches have their own published histories, much of their story is already known; but perhaps it will therefore be received with the pleasure of familiarity which a child expresses when he begs, "tell me that story again!" although the first minister to preach in the community was a baptist and the second a methodist, the first group to effect an organization were the presbyterians. this was in fact the ann arbor yesterdays first christian church officially set up anywhere in michigan territory west of the detroit area. the building in which the historic ceremony took place on august , , was the tiny log schoolhouse built the previous summer by john allen on the northwest corner of main and ann streets. you remember reading that the light filtered in through a few single eight by nine-inch panes and that the furniture consisted of crude bench- es probably made of split logs. whether there was any way of heating the little room i have never learned (perhaps a "stick fireplace"?). the reverend edward payson goodrich, in his "one hundred years of the first presbyterian church of ann arbor" quotes a later newspaper article on the typical meet- ing-house in pioneer michigan: "on cold winter mornings the families provided themselves with foot-stoves." such equipment would not have been necessary on that lovely morning in august at any rate, and the cool shadowy interior of the little log cabin would be penetrated by light from the open door and brightened by the inner glow on the faces of the charter members. on this occasion the moderator was a reverend mr. dunning and the "chosen clerk" the reverend noah m. wells of detroit, but the moving spirit who was to hold the infant church together was the missionary reverend william page. he was long after- wards described by a contemporary as "a man of polished man- ners, college bred, and a good and useful preacher." the elders elected were james allen, israel branch, and simeon mills. the first to be baptized and to join the church by confession of faith—on that same august day—was mrs. fannie camp. of the seventeen who presented their "letters" that morn- ing, three were from virginia, ann allen and her husband's parents. john allen himself, though sympathetic to the move- ment, seems to have held off from active church affiliation until middle life, when he became an ardent swedenborgian. of the others the backgrounds of three are unknown, three were from new york state, and eight were new englanders. probably at least some of these eight had been reared in the congregational pattern; but according to the "plan of union" of congrega- tional and presbyterian missionaries in the new settlements had been enjoined to combine their efforts. it was some years after the abrogation of this act in that michigan congrega- tional churches began to be separated from presbyterian, and not until that ann arbor congregationalists withdrew and formed their own church. although the specific point which is said to have precipitated this move was whether the church should take a more active stand on the slavery question, by that time the town was big enough to support both churches. our early churches—the presbyterian during its long existence in ann arbor, the first presby- terian church has erected four different sanctuaries. after several tentative moves to more adequate quarters in the primi- tive village, the little group built their first church home on the southwest corner of huron and division in , three years before their first regular minister, the reverend john beach, was installed. the one-room frame building at first measured twenty-five by thirty-five feet, but was later extended twenty feet forward and crowned with an uncovered belfry. the build- ing was never painted outside nor in, although the inside could boast one coat of plaster. in this modest structure the first meeting of the synod of michigan was held in , with twelve churches represented. i am now convinced that the first bell, bought before the church was ready, is the one now hung on the property of edwin oakes down the river near ypsilanti. francis l. d. goodrich, who brought his father's history of the church up to date in , was himself chairman of the centennial celebration, and remembers the bell clearly and all the circumstances relating to its being released to the church again by the board of edu- cation. (see ann arbor yesterdays, january and .) so in all michigan territory west of detroit this little bell was the first to "knoll to church." the rapid growth of the village soon made the small meet- ing-house inadequate. since the center of population had de- veloped nearer main street, the second church was built half- way between fourth and fifth avenues, facing huron but far back from the street. completed in , the year in which the university of michigan was moved to ann arbor, this ample frame structure with its gallery was for some time the largest gathering place in town, accommodating university commence- ment and other big crowds, and was a matter of pride to the townsfolk. when at one time it was broken into and desecrated by hoodlums, an indignation meeting of citizens was held at the court house next evening. one way of augmenting finances for a long time was the practice of "selling the pews." a contract still in existence, signed by six trustees and notarized, for $ gives the seat to the owner, "his heirs and assigns . . . for his use only." in this second building the second permanent minister, the reverend william s. curtis, d.d., "gave influence and prestige to the ann arbor church" for fourteen years. it was his wife, a mt. holyoke graduate, who organized the ladies' aid society. at the close of their meetings it was the custom of the ladies to serve "tea, biscuits, and a relish" for a charge of ten cents. ann arbor yesterdays small sums were earned in various ways. a handbill now framed and hung in the church office announces a "concert by the choir" on march , : "admission ^." at a lecture on historical events of the bible accompanied by "pictorial representations seen through a magic lanthorn," only the gentle- men were required to pay the j$ admission. under the third permanent minister, the reverend lucius d. chapin, the third church, the imposing brick edifice, was built on the earlier site. in spite of many setbacks it was completed when the civil war was at its height. contributions of labor and material were gladly credited on subscriptions. a cruel disappointment was the loss of funds raised by the ladies for new carpets and pew cushions, when the man to whom the money had been entrusted went into bankruptcy as the building was nearing completion. after teeming with fellowship and worship for seventy-odd years, the great pink brick church was torn down to make way for the ann arbor news building. the wrecking-master ex- patiated to a reporter on the huge white pine beams that gave the church its strength, the smooth hard maple of the basement floor, the square iron nails, and the sturdy built-in chestnut pews capped with walnut, some of which are still doing duty in the balcony of the graceful fourth building on washtenaw. the first methodist church february , in the fall of john baughman, while riding his circuit, made his way to the tiny settlement of ann arbor, which was then made up of seven log houses and one "part log and part frame." he was welcomed at the home of col. james allen, john's father, and there he preached for several evenings. though none of his hearers were methodists, they heard him gladly and at his suggestion formed a reading class. baugh- man, twenty-two years old at this time, was said to be "a man of great physical strength, a warm heart, a loud voice, and a cheerful disposition." it was almost two years later that he was sent back to ann arbor to organize a "methodist society." the circumstances the first methodist church that led to this step have a romantic flavor. a methodist family named brown were jogging along on their way from detroit to establish a home in this frontier community when the two lively and no doubt attractive older daughters, hannah and rebecca, spied a notice of a camp meeting to be conducted back in the wilds somewhere by z. h. costen. being both pious and re- sourceful, the girls found a way of sending mr. costen a request that a methodist station be formed in ann arbor. so it was that on july , , john baughman established what was later to become the powerful first methodist episcopal church of this city. there were only five charter members: hannah and rebecca brown, eber white, calvin smith, and harvey kinney, the browns' hired man. why mr. brown himself held back we do not know, but a younger daughter, sarah, became the first conversion the following spring. the next year hannah became the wife of the reverend john janes, while rebecca died in just before she was to have married the reverend l. d. whitney.' eber white was to be a leader in his church for forty-five years and throughout his long life was one of ann arbor's most potent in- fluences for good. other well-known pioneers who soon joined the methodist society were ezra maynard and his wife, dr. and mrs. benjamin packard, and david page. the two special features of the methodist denomination in bringing christianity to the backwoods were the circuit rider and the camp meeting. thus they did not wait for communities to form but provided both a religious and a social contact for isolated settlers within an incredibly wide arc. the tecumseh circuit formed in , for instance, included the west half of washtenaw and all of jackson, calhoun, branch, hillsdale, and lenawee counties. two preachers were assigned to journey alternately the miles between its twenty-four to forty preach- ing places in a " -weeks circuit," often blazing their own trail through deep forests. they were a virile and colorful lot, these circuit riders, though clad in a somber clerical uniform and with long hair brushed back and falling to their shoulders. as little time was left for study after they reached their station, no doubt their most effective sermons were composed and even practiced on horseback as they pushed their way through the wilderness. at first only a "half station," the ann arbor congregation grew rapidly as the village grew. in it became for a time the alternate charge of two very young but able ministers who were to devote long and useful lives to methodism: henry colclazer and elijah h. pilcher. colclazer also became the ann arbor yesterdays university's first librarian and pilcher a regent. ann arbor became a full station in . services were held at first in the homes of the members and then in various public rooms. in their first building was begun on the southwest corner of east ann street and fifth avenue,—a big white frame structure with a high steeple. al- though services were held in the basement from november on, the church proper was not completed till two years later. it was in the basement sanctuary that a great revival was led by the reverend elijah pilcher. among the converts was a sweet-faced fourteen-year-old country lad named judson dwight collins, who after nine years of study and dedication became the first methodist missionary assigned to china. the story of his short brave life is one of the most inspiring in the annals of modern christendom. at the dedication of the ann street church musical instru- ments were used for the first time. when told of the plan, the reverend jonathan p. chapin, who had been invited to preach the sermon, was highly incensed and flared out, "then you can dedicate your own church!" bishop soule, of nashville, tennes- see, was hurriedly brought in to take his place. the thirty years in this plain structure saw a vigorous growth in every phase of church life. during the later years there, another young person impelled to attempt great things was seventeen-year-old rebecca jewel francis. the story of her year alone among the indians on the shore of lake superior is well known through the book, lady unafraid, the beautiful ac- count written in recent years by her son, j. raleigh nelson. so strong a spirit of missionary urgency was engendered in this church, in fact, that throughout the decades the sending out of missionaries and ministers has been a major function of its work. in the list had passed the mark. by the congregation had outgrown the old frame church and a site was chosen on the corner of state and washington, though many feared that this was too far out. the old building was sold to the unitarians for $ , . many of my readers will remember it in a still later incarnation, when, shorn of its steeple and divided into apartments, it was known as the unity block. the magnificent red brick structure that housed the metho- dists for the next three quarters of a century will long be re- membered, with its high tower and steeple that dominated the horizon. it was considered a fine example of church architec- ture and was copied by churches in jackson and adrian. the financing of the ambitious project is a story in itself: the first methodist church how the trustees borrowed money on their individual notes to the extent of $ , , some even mortgaging their homes; how the galleries were paid for by separate subscribers who felt the church just had to have them, and the $l, -bell by out- side citizens; how sunday-school children's pennies provided the large window in the chancel; how the pews were auctioned, first choice going to rice a. beal for $ ; the special efforts and gifts of president e. o. haven and professor alexander winchell; and oh, the constant labors of the ladies' aid to pay for the organ! it is a story of devotion that made it a sad day when the outmoded structure was razed to give place to the more complex edifice whose floodlighted beauty is now the glory of state street. the first baptist church march , the very first minister to preach a sermon on ann arbor soil, in the summer of , was a baptist, the reverend moses clark. since his hearers on that day included no ready-made members of that denomination, however, mr. clark thought best to bide his time. in february , in his own log house some three miles down the river, a "covenant meeting" of the baptist church of farmington was held, at which phebe hiscock of ann arbor became a member. in may of the farmington church dismissed the clark family and some others at their own request for the purpose of forming a church in ann arbor. the eight charter members of the church so constituted were the reverend moses clark, lucy and sally clark, phebe hiscock, benjamin slocum, elizabeth and nancy brown, and charles stewart. meetings were held for a time in the schoolhouse on jail square, near william street between fourth and fifth avenues. in the congregation moved to lower town under the in- fluence of the prosperous brown brothers, daniel b. and anson, whose hope it was to make the newer section north of the river become the heart of the community. from to the reverend j. s. twiss was pastor, "a preacher of much strength and vivacity," whose "personal eccentricities increased rather than impaired his useful influence." (i wish that the dignified county historian had confided in us the nature of those endear- ing eccentricities!) the first baptist church the meetings were held on broadway in a room over the store of anson brown in one of those durable buildings torn down only recently to make way for a motel. it was unfortu- nate for the baptists, as well as for all of lower town, that this dynamic young man became a victim of cholera in . shortly before his death he had started a subscription paper for building a church, putting down his own name for $ and promising a designated lot on wall street for a site. his sur- viving partners, being non-baptists, not only refused to deed the lot but ejected the group of worshipers from their upstairs room. brother daniel brown soon brought the partners to heel, however, by refusing to reindorse a note of theirs for $ , until they gave the church the deed to the lot. the little sanctuary erected thereon in cost less than $ and seated fewer than people. in it was enlarged to double that capacity. such was the church that professor andrew tenbrook found when he joined the faculty of the infant university in . he was to become a most active member of the struggling church and for long periods its unsalaried supply minister, as well as its first historian. on sunday mornings, he tells us, he and his wife could be seen issuing from their "faculty house" on the north edge of the campus, making their way along the back of the old cemetery (now felch park), through a wooded ravine (now glen avenue), down the river road to the wall street bridge, and so on to the church. they usually walked back via broad- way for the sake of sociability. to show us the backwoods nature of the ann arbor of that day he tells us that one sunday afternoon they watched a flock of wild turkeys rise from some- where down william street and wing their way across the cam- pus and over that same wooded ravine toward the river. in the spring of an episode is said to have occurred which is not mentioned in the baptists' official history. a number of converts were being baptized in the huron river as was the custom, and the bridge overlooking the ceremony was thronged with several hundred people. suddenly the bridge gave way and the onlookers were plunged into the rapid current below. though no-one was killed or seriously injured, it seemed inap- propriate to proceed with the sacrament that day. those were depression times in the country, and sometimes the little congregation could not even raise the two or three hundred dollars a year to pay the preacher. at one time daniel brown took the minister and his family into his own house and supported them from january to june. mrs. helen beman, in her lively section of the church ann arbor yesterdays history, tells of the severity with which the trustees sometimes "withdrew fellowship": for instance, "from brother k— for being guilty of profanity and for making a disturbance at meet- ings, particularly at the methodist church," and "from brother f— because he says he has a right to attend the circus and horse races." in the baptists came back across the river to a new brick church that was up to the current standard of the presby- terians and the methodists. through a final note for $ given by professor tenbrook they were able to enter the $ , edi- fice free from debt. it stood on the north side of catherine street nearly half way up from fifth avenue toward division. it is my guess that the two pink brick houses now standing on the site may have been constructed from the bricks of this old church when it was finally razed. in an addition was built at the rear, half of the cost of which—to the extent of $ , —was borne by the typically faithful ladies' aid. throughout the years on catherine street the church ex- perienced a steady growth from letters and baptisms. in , however, came a spectacular revival under the noted evange- list, jacob knapp. so great were the crowds that services had to be moved to the big new presbyterian church, and many con- versions resulted. that year also marked the beginning of the seventeen-year pastorate of the reverend dr. samuel haskell, of whom it was afterwards said, "his life here was a benedic- tion upon the city." although the huron street lot had been bought in , ten years passed before money to build was available, and it had been agreed that construction of the more pretentious house of worship should go forward only on a cash basis. at length professor edward olney mortgaged his home while others post- poned plans to own their own homes that the church might be paid for. shaded by magnificent oak trees, the gothic stone church, with its sharply rising roof line, its slender central spire, and its capping front ornament of "cross and crown," is still the just pride of the congregation. its construction was indeed a labor of love. every stone, the record states, was chosen for its beauty and shapeliness. the black walnut was furnished by john nowland from the farm his father had bought from the government. every day for a year and a half the committee met on the premises to check every detail. in june , the catherine street building was sold for $ , , and on septem- ber the new church, in all its perfection, was dedicated free of debt. ann arbor yesterdays set about the erection of a building at least equally impres- sive. the nucleus of the present block-long site was an acre in the middle of the division street frontage deeded to the church in by george corselius, the well-known editor, and on it stood the white frame church to which mr. gillespie had come. the large lot to the south of it on which the new stone building was placed had been bought in from john allen and wil- liam s. maynard. it is surprising to learn that the vestry were in favor of selling the whole property on division and erecting the new church on a lot then available on huron street just west of the silas douglas home which is now the student center of the baptists. this idea was wisely voted down by the con- gregation, thirty-two to ten. the architect employed was g. w. lloyd, of detroit, a specialist in the gothic type of architecture then coming into vogue. on the committee who hired him were dr. douglas and j. m. wheeler, whose gabled residences on east and west huron street respectively, to which i have previously drawn your at- tention, are also said to have been lloyd-designed. the early english pattern of high central nave and lower broad side aisles is enhanced by the beauty of the material used, the glacier-dropped field stones the varied hues of which brought to washtenaw the pictured rocks of lake superior. among the treasures imbedded in the cornerstone of this church is a document which i would especially like to see—a brief history of ann arbor written by general edward clark, who as a young chap arrived in the community during its log cabin days and as an elderly gentleman had a lively way of telling things. the struggles by which this fine church building was paid for were similar to those undergone by other local churches; but they were worth it, for the attendance of students and strang- ers was greatly increased, the congregation even at the minor services "often exceeding the capacity of the old building." the old white wooden church in the middle of the block was retained as a chapel until the new one was built in . it had been completed in , in the midst of the disastrous fi- nancial panic of that era, during the pastorate of the reverend francis h. cuming. it stood high on the lot, approached by twenty exterior steps and surmounting a basement used for services during the delayed process of construction. of the colonial and wren contour, with low-pitched roof line, its facade was continued into a central tower capped by a square belfry. green shutters were later added to the arched windows. the parish of st. thomas the apostle the melodeon, and hired a german choir master all out of his own pocket. as he had quite a family of relatives living with him, he built and furnished his own stucco residence on the northeast corner of kingsley and division. the only remunera- tion he ever kept for himself during his twenty-two years here was a sum of $ . left over when improvements were made in the church in . as more catholics moved into the county, father cullen's territory was narrowed, though he retained his ministry to the northfield, dexter, sylvan, and ypsilanti churches. as german catholic communities developed, german speaking catholic churches were organized in freedom, sylvan, and newport. in father cullen succumbed to a short and violent ill- ness. his body was placed in a sealed crypt under the altar of his church, and was not removed to st. thomas cemetery until when the old church was about to be abandoned for the new. at father cullen's funeral the honorary pallbearers were prominent non-catholic citizens who had become his friends, including william s. maynard, the reverend george d. gillespie of the episcopal church, professor george p. williams, and judge james kingsley. st. thomas cemetery, on the heights west of north main street, had been acquired in from john scott and his wife almost as a gift, the whole choice site of lots with its un- surpassed view over the river valley being priced at "$ and other valuable considerations." it was not consecrated by the bishop, however, until . the large vault recently built at that time served the special purpose of temporary protection against grave robbing, a heinous practice rife in ann arbor in those days because of the needs of the university of michigan medical school! after father cullen's death it was necessary that a home be provided for his successor. the house just east of the church was bought for the purpose and, though recently much altered, remains there still as e. kingsley. about one- third of the cost was contributed by the northfield congrega- tion. various excitements arose in this rectory throughout the years, as for instance the mysterious complete disappearance of the furniture between rectorates in . one night, also, the house was entered by two robbers, at which the doughty father stierle, though said to be a timid man in the pulpit, was so angered that he attacked them both and beat them so round- ly that they fled. the story of st. thomas school would fill a book in itself. ann arbor yesterdays taken on by nuns from monroe in , when a neat little schoolhouse at e. kingsley was offered for sale by the board of education, it has grown from decade to decade into the extensive school plant at the crest of state street hill. meantime the whole desolate, weed-covered hillside was re- deemed by st. thomas until, like a strong citadel guarding the faith, the massive stone church was completed at the turn of the century. as i leaf back through louis doll's comprehensive history of the parish, i am impressed with the joyousness that stems from the disposition of its irish founders. tremendous fairs, picnics, plays, concerts, beautiful choirs, st. patrick's day parades, enormous fund-raising projects: all have been accom- panied by the same zest with which these people, now comprised of various national strains, flock to mass on sunday mornings. of organs and choirs march , it seems appropriate to conclude our lenten series on the history of ann arbor's early churches with some note of the music the church people came to expect and demand. it is a far cry from the customary simplicity of the services of the "nonconformist" denominations of the 's to the elaborate choirs and organ music we read of in all the churches toward the end of the century. you will recall that the reverend jonathan chapin refused to preach at the dedication of the new methodist church on ann street when he heard that musical instruments were to ac- company the singing. within a few short decades, however, gigantic financing schemes were being undertaken to equip the churches with pipe organs, involving many thousands of dollars on top of what was being painfully raised for the buildings them- selves. in that very methodist organization we find dozens of the good women contributing janitor service in lieu of money to swell the organ fund. undoubtedly the one person who gave most impetus to this new love of fine church music was the young latin professor, henry simmons frieze, the gifted amateur organist and choir of organs and choirs director who joined the university of michigan faculty in . the newspapers tell of his giving concerts on the various church organs with "selections from rossini and handel," and, a quar- ter of a century after his arrival, of his organizing a "choral union" from the church choirs to sing "the messiah." though his talents were offered as a labor of love, we find st. andrew's remitting his pew rent at one time "as a slight acknowledge- ment of his services as organist." a somewhat later potent influence on the development of singing in ann arbor, both solo and in groups, was the pro- longed work of that delightful musical couple, the reuben kempfs. but they deserve an article by themselves some monday soon. this brings us to the mention again of an element in ann arbor's population which made its development into a music center in- evitable: the musical nature and previous training of the ger- mans who settled here. and now for a tie-up with what for a generation or two was one of the city's most successful industries,—the organ factory. in g. f. gaertner, a native of stettin, north germany, started an organ works in his home somewhere on the west side of town, where he made pipe and reed organs by hand. his granddaughter tells me that he was of so artistic a tempera- ment that when his business prospered, no plain factory-type front would do for the building he erected on liberty street just west of main: he had to have a stained-glass church win- dow to indicate the nature of his product. tradition says that gaertner built the university's first organ. in training under gaertner was a german lad who later be- came his son-in-law, david f. allmendinger, a distant cousin of the earlier washtenaw allmendingers. when gaertner found his handmade organs no longer profitable and gave us his busi- ness, young allmendinger continued the work, at first in his own little house on the west side of first street between wash- ington and huron. for his first organ he carved the "ivories" for the keys out of soup bones. this handmade instrument was in daily use in the bethlehem parochial school for twenty-five years, by the end of which teacher fischer's fingers had worn through the bone "ivories" and made grooves in the oak under- neath. of course all of the pipe organs of that day had to be pumped by hand, and the lapses of the pumping boy were often a sore trial to the organist. david allmendinger built three of ann arbor's church organs. besides the making of pipe organs, however, he built a great quantity of the small reed organs that graced the parlors of the era, beautifying them with delicate wood carving. he once from the mailbox: streetcars and street uses april , a.s i have told you before, one of the pleasantest features of conducting this column is the help i get through the mail, both from friends and from strangers. today i am going to quote for you some passages from two letters, one from a witty friend of mine who insists on remaining anonymous; the other passed on to me by a city official after it had been lying in his files for years, but written by a gentleman unknown to me who at the time of writing was in his eighty-third year. both might be classified in a "do you remember?" department and both recall former sights in our city streets. "do you remember the old car barns at the end of lincoln," my anonymous friend begins, "where the street cars turned around? we sure had a unique system in our town. the car stopped, the motor man climbed down the front steps and, with the necessary handles (i don't know what else one would call the implements that hitched on to either end of the car and controlled it) reversed the trolley, then climbed in to what had been the rear end of the car and we were off. "another feature of our street car system was that the only designations on the front of the cars were 'north' and 'south,' and a passenger who came in at the other end of the line—the m.c. depot—could reach his destination by boarding either car. that mystified a relative of mine from chicago. 'what kind of a town is this?' he asked. 'can't it make up its mind where its street cars are going?' the explanation, of course, was the old rominger home "what fascinated me the most," he continues, "was the big water-wheel that was driving the machinery in a flour mill that was then located just north of the lower town bridge. i tar- ried there for some time to watch it work." o blessed day of leisurely pace when a boy could saunter along and look his fill without even having to worry about his cows' being butchered before they reached the slaughterhouse! psychically enough, shortly after i received this letter, i had a phone call from henry wallace, who wanted to tell me that he remembered herds of cattle being driven down the full length of state street when he was a boy, perhaps as late as . when she saw them coming, his mother would quickly get the children into the house and close the door, not because she feared the cattle might injure them, although once an unruly creature did mount their front steps, but because she didn't want her little ones to hear the language of the drovers! the old rominger home april , ]^any people in ann arbor will feel a sharp twinge of nostal- gia when the old gray house at south fifth avenue falls a victim to the needs of the adjacent parking lot. for almost a century this house was the hospitable residence of the romin- ger family, stretching upward to its present three-story capacity as need demanded from a one-story cottage with doctor's office included. it was in that dr. and mrs. charles rominger settled here after a temporary sojourn in ohio. both were born and educated in germany, and throughout their lives they kept in close touch with intellectual and literary friends in their father- land. though a faithful practicing physician, dr. rominger pur- sued his absorbing interest in geology to the extent of being widely known in that field. from to he held the office of state geologist of michigan. although they had another daughter and a son, who also be- came a doctor, it was the romingers' daughter marie who, be- cause of her long life, her great individuality, and her warm friendliness, became in the minds of later townsfolk the life and ann arbor yesterdays soul of this house. on the day that she was born, july , , her father planted an elm tree on the lawn extension, which grew with the house and outlived her. marie rominger died on august , , at the age of , and the sturdy tree was felled a few years later when the street was widened. this house has always presented a rather uninteresting front to the street, its change of contour from time to time being determined solely by the functional needs within. certain people, however, remember making their way around to the back, where in the midst of a flower garden a little round "belvedere," or summerhouse, gave an old-world atmosphere for a "kaffee-klatsch." when in more recent years this small structure succumbed to time and weather, miss rominger re- placed it with a sunken pool for goldfish, which, in turn, neces- sitated a glassed-in appendage to the dining-room for their winter quarters. but it is the interior of the house that challenges attention. as one enters the ample living-room, one wonders just what there is about it that subtly brings to mind a drawing-room across the atlantic. probably no professional interior decorator would have cared to achieve this pleasant fullness that makes room for all the varied interests of a cultured family. the many soft dark colors of the oriental rugs and the imported green and flowered wallpaper form a basis for the acceptance of any beautiful object without worry as to whether it fits "the scheme." though certain pieces of furniture and bric-a-brac could qualify as antiques, there is a feeling that they were not sought after as such but came here naturally. for instance, there is an exquisite little candle-lantern of pierced copper and brass with which mrs. david allmendinger used to light her way home after an evening call, to send it back with her little helene next morning. the people who lived here have loved books and music, but the love of art is manifested in a special way. the picture frames are elaborate hand carved, while some of the large pic- tures themselves were done in an unusual medium, the pyrogra- phy or "burned wood" of the early 's. i never have seen it used in this way, to give all the effects of light and shade and depth, with only a delicate over-wash of color, achieving a live blend that makes one forget the process. the artist, of course, was marie rominger. her delicate carvings of wood fill in various corners of the woodwork throughout the house and put a finishing touch on pieces of handmade furniture. in her "studio" on the third floor is a work bench from the all- mendinger organ works, the top of which is a single oak board four inches thick and perhaps measuring by feet. when civil war struck april , ^^hat would it have been like—to be living in ann arbor a hundred years ago this very day, this very week? on april , , a saturday, fort sumter was attacked by rebel guns, and early monday morning news came by wire that it had fallen. not much sleeping would have been accomplished over the week- end, and however early the courthouse bell was rung, in a mat- ter of minutes the wooden sidewalks and rutted streets would be thronged by anxious people in a rush toward courthouse square. crowding through the four gates or clambering over the poles of the high white fence into the grounds and halls of the little building, they would keep their voices to a murmur so as not to miss the first words of the city official who would be reading the telegram. then, too moved for talk, the news- papers afterward reported, they melted away in silence to try to absorb the shocking thought of actual war in a country divided against itself. stunned as they were, for months they had been living in fear that this might happen, even though both parties had been declaring stoutly that it was impossible. in december michi- gan's own lewis cass, then secretary of state under buchanan, had advised the president to reinforce the forts in charleston harbor, and when his counsel was disregarded, had resigned from the cabinet. indecisive but worried, buchanan had called for a day of "fasting and prayer" on january th, and such a day had been fervently observed in crowded ann arbor churches. partisan feeling was strong, however, and later in january, at an abolitionist lecture being held in one of the churches, the notorious "pillsbury riot" had occurred. unfortunately the local newspapers of both parties failed to report the fracas. the nearest we have to a contemporary account is a "letter to the editor" a month later which gives details of heckling and in- sults and "driving the abolitionists out of the windows." a later bit of hearsay says the mob tore up seats and left the church a shambles. since ann arbor was only a little country town at the time with a population approximating , , its peo- ple did not have to depend on newspapers for knowledge of local events. as winter turned into spring, agitated conversations had focused more and more on fort sumter. would it be reinforced? when civil war struck would it be evacuated? such questions, the argus tells us, "had taken the place of ordinary complimentary greetings and partings." so on the afternoon of that first day of war, the word quick- ly spread that president tappan was leading a throng of stu- dents down the middle of state and huron streets toward court- house square again. one can only speculate as to just how and where this cavalcade got started. the university was small too in , with an enrollment just over , all men of course, and the forty-acre campus had only nine buildings, including the four original faculty homes. it is my guess that the excited students, rising hurriedly from their noon meal in mason hall or "south college," may have gravitated spontaneously to the front door of the president's residence and hailed him forth. in no time at all dr. tappan's commanding figure and strong, earnest voice as he stood on his little front porch, would have reduced the milling crowd to unity and they would be making their progress behind him through the middle fields of the campus to the rudimentary diagonal walk and through the big white corner gate onto state street. no shopping center yet, state street was modestly residen- tial and lined with half-grown trees. the only public building this wildly purposeful crowd would pass before turning onto huron was the still new ann arbor high school, set back near the thayer street side of its block. the upper part of huron street, also residential, had a more spacious aspect. it was not till beyond fifth avenue that they passed a church, the large wooden presbyterian structure on their left. as they swept into the square, a crowd would already be forming there, and by the time their clangor on the little court- house bell had stopped, the square would be full again. the throng was quickly organized this time, with dr. tappan as chairman and elihu b. pond, editor of the argus, as secretary. eloquent speeches were made, resolutions that ann arbor would stand by the president were passed, and a committee of five was named to organize military companies. one local military group had already been formed: the steuben guards, composed largely of german immigrants. since january they had been under intensive drill, and they now offered their services to the commander in chief as a company or as individuals. on saturday, april , the town was thrown into panic by a rumor that washington was taken and lincoln and general scott were prisoners. sunday morning the argus and the journal got out special editions with dispatches proving the rumor false, home grown music and the kempfs may , the may festival series can boast an impressive record, having serenely made its annual appearance in ann arbor since , uninterrupted by world wars or world depressions. there was an earlier music festival here, however, that was at least equally impressive considering the times, the relative size of the town, and the fact that it took place in late summer when the university was not in session. i refer to the "seventh peninsular saengerfest" held in university hall august , , and , . the participants were german vocal and instru- mental groups formed among german immigrants of bay city, east saginaw, lansing, jackson, detroit—which had five separate societies—ann arbor, and waterloo, ontario. dr. conrad georg, sr., was president of the combined organizations for that year and professor reuben kempf the director of all the concerts. a worn and yellowed scrapbook cherished in the kempf family contains long clippings about the occasion, some from various german-language papers as well as the leading english language papers of ann arbor, detroit, chicago, toledo, etc.; while "a nice notice of the fest" was reported to have been given by the new york "keynote." ann arbor was hailed as "the athens of the west." the pretty, bustling little town of , went all out to welcome the thousands of musical visitors. streets and buildings were profusely decorated "with the mingled colors of germania and columbia." one large banner even showed "die lorelei" combing home grown music and the kempfs arriving back in town in after graduation at the age of twenty, professor kempf began the long career of teaching, performing, and directing music that was to continue until a few weeks before his death in . he had a way of making people love good music. the boys' choir of st. andrew's epis- copal church, which he conducted for thirty-three years, reached great perfection as he charmed generation after generation of young rascals into a willingness to work hard on difficult church music. his "beethoven gesang-verein," started among local german-speaking singers soon after his return from stuttgart, was popular for many years. soon he also formed the lyra men's chorus which he conducted until his death. in the kempf scrapbooks one finds dozens of programs of concerts and operet- tas organized and conducted by him in buildings all over town for the benefit of any good cause that came along. in reuben kempf was married to a favorite young ann arbor singer, pauline widenmann, and the two made the perfect musical team. in , at the age of sixteen, pauline had given such promise that professor frieze organized a "grand testi- monial concert" for her benefit in the g. d. hill opera house (later the whitney theater) at which the best musicians in town donated their talents. the proceeds financed pauline's first year at the cincinnati conservatory, then considered the best in the country for vocal training. the number on the program that catches the fancy most, i think, is "come where my love lies dreaming"—a quartette sung by pauline and her three still smaller and smaller brothers, victor, august, and willie. before her marriage pauline's career included a position as director of music in a "select" boarding school in st. clair and many appearances as featured soloist. some years later mrs. kempf spent a winter in new york working with oscar saenger, famous coach of metropolitan stars. for many years she was ann arbor's best loved soloist, being the one chosen, for instance, to sing at the funeral of mrs. angell, and later in the quartette at dr. angell's funeral. she was still teaching private pupils at the age of , and she lived to be . the spot associated with the kempfs in memory is the exquisite little white house like a greek temple at south division which became their home in the early 's. many a musical career was fostered in the "studio" at the right of the front door. ann arbor yesterdays from bakery boy to famous sculptor may , during the first few years after the arrival of allen and rumsey on this primeval bit of washtenaw soil, the rogers family came from york state with their eight children. the youngest of these was randolph, a little boy whose first memo- ries, he said later, were of ann arbor. with the allen chil- dren and other pioneer youngsters, randolph no doubt waded or fished in allen's creek, hunted or picked wild flowers in eber white's or hiscock's woods, was not unfamiliar with indians and the cry of wolves, and received his only formal education in the little brick building which by then had been erected on the far corner of jail square. he was afterwards remembered as hav- ing been full of fun, and especially gifted as a mimic. we do not know how early it was noticed that he could draw; but it was in his early teens, as an apprentice in the bakery of calvin and d. w. bliss, that he began fashioning three-dimen- sional figures out of dough, or even, when his employers were not present, out of butter. having no urge to become a baker and being equally restive in his brother's mill in jackson, young randolph settled for a few years for a job as clerk in a main street drygoods store owned by gen. j. d. hill. in his off time he practiced many skills: drawing, whittling, molding, por- trait painting, and copper engraving. his woodcuts found a ready market with the michigan argus, since in those days they were the chief way of illustrating newspapers. he received ten dollars from an ann arbor paper for the wood engraving of a log cabin and flags which became the emblem of william henry harrison in the presidential campaign of . , in he went to new york in hope of finding an appren- ticeship to an engraver, but failing that, took a clerk's position again in the "silk house" of edgerton and stuart. so far as i can find out, up to his arrival in new york he had never even seen a statue except no doubt the cemetery variety. eager to develop his innate ability, he got hold of a block of marble and some tools and set about chiseling out a bust of byron with only a small picture as model. the result was so successful that it drew the attention of his employer, john stuart, jr., who im- mediately offered to loan him the money to go to florence, italy, to study under the famous sculptor lorenzo bartolini. there his development was so rapid and his works were so from bakery boy to famous sculptor much in demand that on his return to america six years later he had $ , left after paying back his benefactor. at this time he must have come to visit his relatives in ann arbor, and it may have been then and here that he made the acquaintance of professor henry s. frieze, the young latin teacher and musician who came to the university of michigan faculty that very year. at any rate, two years later frieze visited the studio rogers had set up in rome in the meantime and was much impressed. he brought back photographs of rogers' work for the university. by we find rogers writing a warm and friendly letter to professor frieze discuss- ing the terms under which his statue "nydia" could be bought. many of my readers have seen this marble figure in alumni hall. it represents the blind girl of bulwer-lytton's last days of pompeii at the time of the eruption of vesuvius. lean- ing forward as she feels her way with her staff through the rubble of the darkened city, she pauses to listen anxiously. this sculpture was to become so popular that from its dozens of replicas alone rogers netted nearly $ , . ann arbor would have received the very first rendition in marble had not negotiations been so protracted that a canadian patron who had bought others of rogers' works claimed first right to "nydia." so the one we see here is the second of the long series to be cut. now in the "cosmopolitan art association" had been formed in ann arbor among women of leisure and culture. it was this group that undertook raising the money for the pur- chase of "nydia" in , and at this time they changed their name to the "randolph rogers art association." in his letter to frieze rogers quotes his price for "nydia" as pounds sterling (approximately $ ). he explains the expense of this statue, over his "ruth" at pounds, as due to the bent position of the standing figure, which required an extra large block of flawless marble, and the deep cutting of the swirling drapery. he offers it to the ann arbor group, however, for a down payment of $ if the balance could be raised within two years, suggesting that a fee could be charged just to look at this work of art. in those days, of course, marble statues were still a rarity—even a curiosity—in this part of the world. in his correspondence the young sculptor softens the blow of the high price by concluding, "i have four statues in paris, a group of two figures and a statue in the royal palace at st. petersburg, and in america from quebec to georgia, but i can assure you none of these will give me so much pleasure to ann arbor yesterdays think of as the one which will be among my old friends in ann arbor." in time for the statue's arrival the regents of the university had appropriated funds for a suitable alcove in which to display it, adjacent to a little room in mason hall then used as a mu- seum. by middle life rogers had attained amazing popularity. his works became quite the rage, for as few others he expressed the taste of his day. crossing and recrossing the ocean many times to carry out his commissions, he is represented by the statue of john adams in boston, the colossal bronze figure of lincoln in philadelphia, the completion of the washington monu- ment in richmond, the tremendous "soldiers' and sailors'" mon- uments in providence and in detroit, the frieze on the lincoln monument in springfield, and the bronze doors at the entrance to the rotunda of the capitol in washington. besides his story figures—"nydia," "ruth," "isaac," "the lost pleiad," etc.,—he created many allegorical figures for private owners. in rome rogers was made a "professor" of the academy of st. luke, the oldest art academy in the world. a contem- porary critic called his "lost pleiad" "the most beautiful crea- tion ever executed by an american sculptor." his obituaries in were universally laudatory. although his works may now seem typed and lacking in the vigor and individuality of more recent sculpture, they are marked by dignity, grace, and seemliness. the entire contents of rogers' studio in rome were be- queathed to the university of michigan, and for many years they were an impressive and useful display on the campus. since the collection was composed almost entirely of the origi- nal plaster designs for marble or bronze works, and since con- ditions made it necessary to move them again and again from building to building, their fragile nature made them vulnerable to breakage and crumbling, and they finally had to be withdrawn from exhibition. forming an interesting addition to the university of michi- gan collection were two sculptured portraits of rogers himself done by fellow artists: one a marble relief by cushing in which his artist's cap makes him resemble leonardo; the other a plaster bust by volk showing strong, handsome features above a mighty victorian beard. a grocery de luxe (when even a nickel was money) may , you may remember that my anonymous friend brought to a climax her description of ann arbor's old street railway sys- tem with the remark, "and the whole ride cost only a nickel!" this set her to thinking of the nickel itself, and she continued: "we also paid only five cents for a loaf of bread, and five cents for a quart of milk—which was delivered each morning at the back door, and poured from the high tin milk can into a quart measure, carried on a hook on the side, and thence into the householder's crock or bowl set out for the purpose." no need to pay extra for a bottle or carton or tax! a group of us recently got to chattering about the treats we used to buy for a nickel: an ice-cream soda or sundae or cone (it seemed a shocking extravagance when the banana split was introduced at a dime); or, at the bake-shop after school, a half dozen fried-cakes or cookies; or at the candy counter of the grocery a nice little bag of horehound sticks, hard pepper- mints or pink wintergreens, or the slightly more expensive small chocolate creams in the shape of a rounded-off cone. and i believe a small packet of "sen-sen" cost only a penny. the early movies, you remember, were called "nickelo- dians," and you didn't need to munch popcorn to enhance "the perils of pauline." without benefit of sound track, the excit- ing or sentimental activities on the screen were cues for proper tunes rattled away on the piano by someone you knew, who as a neighbor youngster had practiced more faithfully than the rest of you. the mention of popcorn got us going on peanuts, and some- one contributed, "do you remember the big bag of peanuts you got for a nickel at dean's grocery, still warm, and the tantal- izing smell of roasting peanuts and coffee that issued from the front door?" this remark opened up the whole subject of the change in grocery stores that we older people have witnessed. "the grocer used to come right up to the back door," my anonymous friend broke in, "and took the day's order, suggesting items the housewife might have forgotten. groceries and meats were de- livered, twice a day if necessary, in the closed wagon drawn by one horse, and later by merchants' delivery." ann arbor yesterdays the unassorted, hit-or-miss nature of the contents seems to illustrate the pressure of the need. imagine the glow in the hearts of these dear, tired, hoop-skirted ladies, though, when "a sergeant wrote home that he thought those cakes saved the lives of men, and were eaten with tears of gratitude to the women of ann arbor." the soldiers' aid society also sponsored a continuous flow of socials, concerts, etc., both as a money-making project to finance their work and as a means of bolstering the morale of the home folk. solon cook often opened his hotel, now the allenel, for gala affairs, while moses rogers repeatedly gave the use of his large hall. my antiquarian readers will be fas- cinated to learn of a home-talent "old folks' festival" held there on june , , the costumes for which had all been worn by "beaux and belles" of the time of the revolution, while "a choir sang fugue tunes of the olden time." not to be out- done, hangsderfer's hall in its high brick building on main street was offered for a similar festival during the christmas sea- son. the affair was so popular that it was repeated the next night and crowds had to be turned away. supplies and delicious foods were donated in great profusion. a sub-society of "young misses"—mostly ann arbor high school girls—worked diligently too. their contribution of fancy handwork sent to the first great "sanitary fair" in chicago in november , was valued at $ . as the war was drawing to an end in the spring of , a glorious party was planned for rogers' hall featuring tableaux and the crowning of a may queen, miss flora jewett. though peace had come before the date set, the graceful pageant went forward as planned, but amid a tumult of mixed joy and grief, for in the meantime lincoln had been assassinated. it was some years later that another women's organization was formed in a section of ann arbor: the ladies' decoration society of what until recently constituted the fifth ward; namely, "lower town." enlistment from that area had been unusually heavy, numbering out of a district of voters, and the casualties proportionally severe. twenty-five bodies had been returned to fairview cemetery and sixteen more had to be left where they fell. in the women folk of the ward banded together for the purpose of decorating the graves of these loyal dead on each memorial day. by they had amassed enough money for a suitable monument to their memory. above a mound now covered with quaint, spicy pennyroyal, near the center of fairview, the imposing shaft may still be seen bearing aloft a mighty eagle. the much more commonplace monument celebrated visitors june , the discontinuance of the platform attractions series has set us to thinking about the old lecture course and the famous men and women who began coming here over a century ago to ad- dress their audience seriously for a couple of hours on some grave and stimulating subject. in the old days they usually spent the night as a guest in some private home, and often a little group of congenial spirits would be invited in to meet them informally. the diary of t. c. abbot, first principal of ann arbor high school, tells us of one such happy occasion. abbot had left ann arbor to become a professor (and later the president) of the newly organized agricultural college at east lansing, but made frequent return trips here while courting his future wife, high school preceptress miss sarah merrylees. on february , , ralph waldo emerson gave his "manners and morals" ad- dress in ann arbor. he was a house guest at the home of judge edwin lawrence on the corner of division and kingsley, and the young engaged couple were invited to the reception which the lawrences gave after the lecture. since emerson was not at his best at a party, the townspeople found him a little hard to talk to and were glad to elbow young mr. abbot into the position of honor. although abbot was usually not too glib with strangers himself, he was able to get on easy terms with emer- son at once, and he records their conversation as one of the high points of his life. celebrated visitors this was emerson's second visit to ann arbor, his first lecture, on "human beauty," having been delivered in january , a few months before the opening of ann arbor high school and the coming of abbot. he was then described in the argus as "not a pleasing speaker . . . yet he commands the utmost at- tention" by giving "the root of the matter, concise, clear, and strong." in that decade, the one prior to the civil war, horace mann spoke here twice; and one of the first to appear in the new "union school" hall was edward everett, the man whose long flow of eloquence at gettysburg a few years later almost crowd- ed lincoln off the program. when wendell phillips talked here in , the argus reviewed his performance as very enter- taining but lacking in "the depth and solidity we had been led to expect." during the previous year, however, when lucy stone had appeared here in her campaign for woman's rights, the same paper had felt it necessary to protest that "young ameri- ca was decidedly too uproarious" and that "stamping, whistling, and playing on the jewsharp are not appropriate preludes to a lecture." in civil war years tom thumb, p. t. barnum, and josh billings came in turn to bring a little cheer to people's somber hearts, and ex-president millard fillmore spent two days here on some more serious mission. during university of michigan president angell's long regime his illustrious guests included matthew arnold, henry m. stanley, grover cleveland, james bryce, two justices of the supreme court, charles a. dana, and theodore roosevelt while he was governor of new york. one can imagine the good talk that went on at the dinner table, as both dr. and mrs. angell must have been delightful conversationalists. a book of anecdotes, often quite humorous, could be writ- ten, i'm sure, about this long chain of ann arbor's well-known visitors. when the very portly william howard taft, for in- stance, was giving a lecture, he made a slight fumble with his manuscript and one of the sheets fluttered to his feet. he stepped back and very carefully doubled over his great bulk and picked up the paper. then, with a twinkle, he confided to the front rows, "just to show you i could." the charles sinks have a marvelous fund of stories about the visits of famous musicians, but i believe the following epi- sode is off their range. during a may festival long ago, two prominent metropolitan singers, charles witherspoon and giu- seppi campanari, found themselves with an unscheduled evening and wandered out to see the town. on downtown east huron, a century of business—the eberbachs june , some months ago i quoted a statement made in the early 's: "no place of business here not founded by a german has con- tinued years." since that assertion has not been challenged, i now can safely say that the only families that have conducted the same business in ann arbor for a whole century are german-descended families. i know of only two such firms: the eberbach drug, chemical, and instrument business and the haller jewelry store. taking them alphabetically, let us con- sider the eberbachs today and the hallers in the near future. jacob frederich christian eberbach arrived in ann arbor in at the age of twenty-one. his ocean voyage on a sail- ing vessel had lasted sixty days, and he had come a large part of the way from philadelphia on foot. born in stuttgart, wurt- temberg, he was a relative of jonathan mann and of the hutzel and josenhans families who had all sent back enthusiastic re- ports of washtenaw county. young christian was a graduate in pharmacy of the university of wurttemberg, and was the first scientifically trained pharmacist the village of ann arbor had had, although drug counters had been set up in some of the general stores. it was as a drug clerk in such a store, owned by w. s. maynard, that eberbach got his start. always a lover of horses, he invested his first savings in an indian pony, which he made look more aristocratic by the then current method of "pricking" its tail to make it stand upright. on this little beast once a week for a time he carried the mail to outlying parts of monroe county, threading the wild forest land on the indian trails. by he was able to open a drug business in part- nership with his cousin, emanuel mann. its address was then south main, the site of the present mayer-schairer store. in he had won the hand of twenty-year-old margaretha laubengaier (over considerable rivalry, it seems, as in the bosom of the family her petname long afterward was "the belle of scio"). the young couple set up housekeeping in a brick house on west washington and remained there for nearly twenty years, when they moved to their beautiful farm home out pack- ard. meantime christian's business had prospered. he was mak- ing trips to new york twice a year to buy drugs and supplies, and at one time he came back with a complete set of imported a century of business—the eberbachs in the partnership with mann was dissolved, and chris- tian eberbach's son ottmar became his partner. two other sons, ernest and edward, were aided by their father in taking over the business now known as fischer's hardware. ottmar had been sent to germany for his scientific education, at the polytechnic school of stuttgart and the university of tubingen. in he had married katharina haller, thus linking these two great business families of ann arbor. under ottmar's in- fluence the scope of the firm was broadened to include the mak- ing of delicate pharmaceutical and other scientific instruments and the stocking of rare drugs and chemicals, two branches that have brought a world-wide market. christian eberbach did not live to see the company move to its large building at liberty and fourth avenue in . one of the framers of the pharmacy laws of michigan, ott- mar eberbach was appointed to the state board of pharmacy for several terms and became its president. he received all sorts of professional honors. over thirty years after his death in , he was awarded a special honor by the michigan acad- emy of pharmacy, a branch of the american pharmaceutical association. one of the original directors of the university school of music, he remained on that board until his death. for twenty- one years he was a valuable member of the ann arbor school board. he was the last board member for whom a school was named. since the name was lost when the administration offices took over that building, it is hoped that the next school to be built in the southeast section might be called the new eberbach school. the present generation has seen the eberbach firm develop and expand under the guidance of ottmar's son oscar and long- time associates, especially ralph h. miller, oscar boehnke, and oscar haarer. the eberbach record of scientific achievement brought from germany has been further prolonged by oscar's younger brother, dr. carl eberbach, chief of staff of milwaukee hospital, direc- tor of the department of surgery at marquette university, and a governor of the american college of surgeons. two of the trolley watchers' favorites above: on the packard-huron run, with steve duris presiding at the front and john kraft at the rear. below: car of the detroit, ypsilanti, and ann arbor electric rail- way, sometime between and , pausing before a backdrop of the old courthouse and the farmers' and mechanics' bank. help from the "trolley watchers" in which a single four-wheeled truck was placed under the mid- dle of the car, which must have made front and back seats teeter up and down like a seesaw. the motorman's platform was unenclosed in the early models, and he had only a hand brake to stop the car. variously shaped "cowcatchers" and an awkward boxed headlight jutted out in front. ann arbor's first city fleet consisted of ten cars, two for each of the three routes and four spares. for summer use, here as elsewhere, an open car became popular, with long seats stretching clear across and a running- board along each side on which an overflow crowd of college boys could pack themselves as closely as in the recent tele- phone booth madness. on hot summer evenings in ann arbor extra revenue was obtained by running open car specials, for three cents per person each way to the car barns and back, making a pleasant and inexpensive way to spend a date. eventually quite luxurious cars were introduced on the longer interurban runs, featuring carved paneling, brass lava- tory fixtures, deep plush seats, and even diners. as freight business increased, special freight trains were assembled for a middle-of-the-night run. on one august midnight in it was such a string of four cars, loaded with sheet-metal, that broke loose from their power car at the top of west huron street and came tearing back down the mile-long hill and up the other side of the valley to main street. jumping the tracks at the turn, they demolished the farmers' and mechanics' bank building and themselves as well. on labor day, , the interurban succumbed to competi- tion from private automobiles, trucks, buses, and improved pavements. the city streetcars had been replaced by buses in . one little trolley in town labored on until , how- ever, to bring coal from the n.y.c.r.r. tracks to the university of michigan heating plant. it was then replaced by a diesel motor. the town can still boast one private railway, the -inch gauge loop encircling the w. o. bailey home on long shore drive. constructed several years ago by their son tom, now university of michigan engineer ' and an ardent trolley watcher, it has all sorts of trestles and bridges over which a dozen children can be conveyed in boxcar, flatcar, and caboose by a battery-powered engine. a century of jewelry—the hallers the store was moved to "campus town" in , spending some time on state street before locating at its present ad- dress. i remember asking mr. walter haller one time in re- cent years if the much-talked-of change in student life made any difference in a jeweler's choice of stock. "we used to sell more watches to the students," he said. "nowadays they usually get their watches back home for high school graduation or even sooner. but with this trend of earlier marriages, students come in now to pick their diamonds—or their wedding rings." jacob haller's younger son, martin, was sent back to frei- burg, germany, for horological schooling, but since his older brother was already established as his father's partner, he joined john koch in the furniture business in . after seven years this partnership was dissolved and the martin haller co. established. moved about the turn of the century from main street to its own large building on east liberty, it was passed on in later years to martin's son paul, its present manager. martin haller's daughter, miss elsa haller, still resides in the ample house her father built on south main street near william, the only house surviving as a home in a neighborhood of gracious dwellings that used to house some of ann arbor's most prominent families: the bachs, the staeblers, the wagners, the deans, the georgs, the macks, the ottmar eberbachs, and, just a step farther north on main, the maynards and the mueh- ligs. ann arbor yesterdays office to answer the wildly ringing phone. it was the same irate voice, demanding of the proprietor that he fire that in- efficient and discourteous driver. in dignified tones jim an- swered, "thank you, sir. i shall do so immediately." the walker fleet of cabs were converted to motors in and sold out during the following year. i am indebted to william schlect of sharon drive for a snapshot of himself as a cabby in in a model-t taxicab owned by the ann arbor taxi and transfer co. the fare in was cents for anywhere in town, mr. schlect says. of course football days were a bonanza, for he could pack six riders on the back seat and two on each running board: at £ apiece that brought $ . a trip. then too, gasoline in those happy days cost only cents for gallons. the front tires were the three-inch size now used on motor- cycles and the rear ones "an over-size | inches." the pic- ture shows the driver's separated compartment open to the elements on both sides, which necessitated his pulling high gauntlets over his raincoat sleeves in a downpour to keep the water from running back down to his elbows as he grasped the steering wheel. his seat had a permanent roof, however, while that over his passengers was collapsible and could be folded back on sunny spring days. the conversation of the riders was assured of privacy by sliding windows between them and the driver, but they couldn't see much of the scenery, as the side windows were only the width of the narrow doors. schlect had good reason to be proud of this cab, because it was the first model to have magneto lights and an electric horn. policemen weren't much trouble in those days, he says, as there were only eight of them in the whole town. the only traffic light rested on a "toadstool-shaped" affair at main and huron. in a snowstorm a policeman had to stand nearby to brush off the mounded snow so that the light could be seen. occasionally the taxi-driver had to get out and clear it off himself before he could tell whether to go or stop! a farewell miscellany july , two other century-old ann arbor businesses have been drawn to my attention, both founded by germans. the wagner clothing a farewell miscellany store has come down from william to charles to paul. an old cash book records that in william wagner made a coat for christian eberbach. and for one of its three part- ners the muehlig funeral chapel has robert e. muehlig, a de- scendant of one of the founders. since they were skilled cabinet makers, the muehlig bros, were advertising in for logs suitable for making coffins! i should like to suggest a project for the chamber of com- merce: that they draw up a form for a citation—worded and printed with dignity—to be awarded to every business project in ann arbor that has remained in the same family for years. since this is to be the last number of "ann arbor yester- days," i am mentioning today a number of suggestions that have come to me which i have been unable to develop in my column. they have enriched my own knowledge immeasurably, and i wish to express my gratitude for them. from dr. donald f. huelke has come a copy of his recent article, "history of the department of anatomy, the university of michigan, part , - ," published in the january- february , number of the university of michigan medical bulletin. i find it absorbing and delightful reading, and a valu- able addition to local history. from parker pennington, now living at his camp at inter- lochen, i have received a packet of photographs of beautiful sculpture done in recent years by avard fairbanks. since fairbanks and his family were well beloved residents of ann arbor for many years, parker suggests that it is a pity that no example of the later work of this now internationally famous artist is to be seen in our city. (of course the fine large bronze medalion, "the pioneers," at the entrance of ann arbor high school and the lifelike bust of principal emeritus l. l. forsythe that dominates the main corridor of the new building were done by fairbanks during his ann arbor sojourn as pro- fessor of sculpture at the university.) it seems that at one time a group of boys in the tappan- eberbach school area started a fund to have mr. fairbanks do a statue of claude wyman, popular caretaker of burns park. since the sum collected for the project at the time was insuf- ficient for the purpose, it was placed in a bank in escrow, pennington believes. if the now grown-up men of that group of boys could be found, perhaps this sum could form a nucleus for a fund to obtain a major fairbanks work. his new inter- pretations of lincoln are particularly striking. a certain mimeographed periodical has been quietly circu- lating in ann arbor for nearly twenty-five years which seems a farewell miscellany souvenir bells cast from the old ann arbor high school bell after the fire. one of these, mrs. bernard h. glenn of fowler- ville, has sent me many important contributions, including a copy of the maynard family record taken from the old family bible. many others have boosted my morale simply by telling me that they enjoyed my articles. to anyone else who may have followed my column, i should like to say in parody of kate smith's old closing formula: "thanks for readin ." i wish to express here my appreciation also to the staff of the ann arbor news for unfailing kindness—especially the edi- tor, mr. arthur gallagher; the city editor, dick emmons, to whom my long-windedness has been a cross i know; and eck stanger for his marvelous photographs. notes . j. marshall mccue, ms letter to samuel h. kerr, march , , mhc. also john allen, ms letter to his aunt jane trimble, february , , now in possession of robert h. schoen, saginaw. photostat and typed copy in mhc. the red cross comes to town, pp. - . the material for this article comes entirely from the book of minutes of the ann arbor chapter of the red cross, - ; since entrust- ed to the keeping of mhc. a "new" john allen letter, pp. - . elizabeth tate allen, ms letter to ellen bach, march , , clements library, ann arbor. . letter in mhc. a copy of the letter of ann allen here referred to has recently been obtained through the efforts of russell e. bidlack ( ). it deals only with barry family history. the year-old village, pp. - . john allen, letter to his aunt jane trimble, february , , op. cit. . allen trimble, op. cit., old northwest genealogical quarterly, ix, . . ibid., - . the anns make godey's lady's book, pp. - . godey's lady's book, april , p. . . ibid., may , p. . both of mary clark's articles are also included in the book by mrs. e. f. ellet: pioneer women of the west, pp. - . . stephenson, o. w., aafhy, quoting from new york express, may , . dr. chase's recipe book, pp. - . see washtenaw impressions, vol. , no. , for a more detailed dis- cussion by the present writer. . kerwin, fred n. and marjorie w., michigan alumnus quarterly re- view, autumn, . . ibid. also see hwc, , pp. - . . ibid., pp. and . also ann arbor city directory, . . kerwin, op. cit. . burial records in forest hill cemetery, ann arbor. . conclusions arrived at by the present writer after careful scrutiny of the numerous editions of dr. chase's first, second, and third books assembled in mhc. . see especially the introduction to dr. chase's third book. let's take a walk! old houses, pp. - much information about specific old ann arbor houses may be gained from a certain one of lucy chapin's scrapbooks (unnumbered) in mhc, rackham bldg., ann arbor, which includes an essay (ms) by cor- nelia corselius, daughter of ann arbor's early editor, and snapshots taken by miss chapin. also p. of this book. . fiske kimball, the inlander, university of michigan, ann arbor, xxi, , p. . this house occupied and probably built by h. d. bennett, secretary of university of michigan, about . . abstract of title of the "wahr house," washtenaw abstract co. see also fiske kimball, op. cit., - , and emil lorch, "historic american bldgs. survey, and some of the buildings studied in michigan," wash- tenaw impressions, vol. h, no. , october , . ann arbor yesterdays . lucy chapin scrapbook, op. cit., p. , called the "ebenezer wells house." . conversation some years ago with mrs. mack ryan. (mrs. ryan died a few weeks after this article appeared in the ann arbor news.) also checked with abstract of title of this property. . cornelia corselius, lucy chapin scrapbook, op. cit. . gertrude breed, snapshot and notation given to the present writer soon after the "historic american buildings survey," lorch, op. cit. . margaret jones, long friend and bookkeeper of bertha muehlig and present partner of the b. e. muehlig drygoods store, in a telephone conversation with the present writer after consultation with bertha muehlig's nephew. musical memories, pp. - . charles a. sink, a talk given before the washtenaw historical society and published in washtenaw impressions, vol. xi, no. . (also the facts here given are available in many published sources.) . charles a. sink in a telephone conversation with the present writer. another stroll, pp. - . mrs. c. h. westgate, conversation and tour of first floor. . mrs. m. e. tanner, in several conversations with the present writer, including a tour of the house. also abstract of title of the property. . mrs. frank w. stampfler, in a telephone conversation with the pres- ent writer. . the various early maps. the story of "lower town," pp. - . abstract of brown and fuller's addition, washtenaw abstract co. . map of plat, june , , mhc. . stephenson, aafhy, , although hwc, , says the first bridge across the huron was built in by john bryan. . aafhy, p. . . hwc, , p. ; also and - . . ibid., p. . . andrew tenbrock, "history of the first baptist church of ann arbor," th anniversary, part i, second page. . hwc, , p. . . ibid., . . covered in "the railroad comes to town," pp. - in this series. . w. s. perry, superintendent of schools, in hwc, , p. . memorial day special, pp. - . stephenson, op cit., ; also hwc, and . . hwc, . . aafhy, . . hwc, . . aafhy, - . . ibid., . . records in office of forest hill cemetery. . mary clark, op. cit., godey's lady's book, may , ff. . this plot is situated to the left of packard road shortly before it crosses us- , a short distance behind an electric power station (or so it was found in may ). . e. a. gallup, recently retired ann arbor city forester, in conversa- tion with the present writer. campus white house, pp. - . carl e. burkland, "president as poet," bull. no. , dec, , uni- versity of michigan press, , notes and sketch of house in by jasper f. cropsey. notes . stephenson, aafhy, . . w. s. perry, ann arbor union school catalogue, - , etc. . aafhy, . . caswell, op. cit., . . indenture contained in abstract of title of property then owned by james c. allen. . caswell, op. cit., . . ibid., . . caswell, ann arbor water department report, ms, p. . . caswell, washtenaw impressions, vol. v, no. , pp. and . . ibid., . . carl rehberg, arbor springs water co., piped in , and since owned and operated by mr. rehberg; telephone conversation with the present writer. . mrs. william inglis, conversation with the present writer. . caswell, op. cit., - . . caswell, conversation with the present writer. . caswell, radio talk, wpag, february , , ms. from "bell's toy" to echo i, pp. - . stephenson, aafhy, , checked by conversation with oscar eberbach. . f. l. curtis, "the telephone in washtenaw county," washtenaw im- pressions, vol. v, no. , p. ff., a talk delivered before the washte- naw historical society, ms dated february , . . ibid., . (this statement has been challenged by walter haller, who has always been told that the first telephone office in ann arbor was set up over his father's jewelry store rather than the reinhardt shoe store.) . ibid., . . ibid., . . n. j. prakken, in conversation with the present writer while touring the ann arbor plant, september . the arrival of the germans, pp. - . marie rominger, "history of the germans in ann arbor," ms in mhc, apparently written about . . ibid.; also aafhy, . . emanuel mann, article in hwc, . . ibid., . . rominger, op. cit., - . worship in the woods, pp. - . rominger, op. cit. . rev. t. w. menzel, washtenaw impressions, vol. xhi, no. , p. ; sum- mary of a talk given before the washtenaw historical society, april , . . charles f. luckhard, faith in the forest, sebewaing, michigan, . . rominger, op. cit. . menzel, op. cit., p. . . "salem evangelical lutheran church centennial, ," booklet, p. . . for this and much other pertinent information about the salem church and the surrounding farm lands and a delightful and informative tour of the places involved, this writer is indebted to mrs. paul kempf, who is a descendant of jakob and anna paul. . rev. friedrich schmid, report to basel mission, november , , translated for the present writer by telephone by rev. e. r. klaudt of the bethlehem church. notes . mignon root harton and alice root, former conversations with the present writer. . personal memory of the present writer, recently refreshed by mignon root harton. the railroad comes to town, pp. - . michigan state journal, october , . . western emigrant, october , , as quoted in historic michigan, m, - , edited by byron a. finney. . mrs. h. n. pierce, hwc, . . hon. l. d. norris, hwc, - . . james b. edmonson, washtenaw impressions, july , p. . . stephenson, aafhy, ff.; and c. b. wyllie, washtenaw impressions, july . . louis w. white, washtenaw impressions, march . . stephenson, aafhy, . our other railroad, pp. - . henry e. riggs, "the ann arbor railroad fifty years ago," , a pamphlet in mhc, p. . . ibid., - . . stephenson, aafhy, . . riggs, op. cit., . . aafhy, - . . riggs, op. cit., . . ibid., and . ibid., p. . . ibid., ff. . ibid., . . ibid., - . . mrs. bertha gabler, memories of her childhood recounted to the pres- ent writer. baggage car carol, pp. - a personal experience of the writer. "not for self but for others," pp. - personal experiences of the present writer, christmas season, . "ring dem charmin' bells," pp. - . title of an old-time minstrel song remembered by the present writer from her childhood in the early 's. . stephenson, aafhy; and hwc, . . stephenson, aafhy, . . conversation with robert eberbach. also, for further information see next week's article and the article entitled "our early churches— the presbyterian," dated february , . . b. a. hilbert, the wrecking contractor, in conversation with the pres- ent writer. . the writer has since been informed in a letter from robert watts that at the time of publication of this article, the sanctuary was again in use as such by the emanuel baptist congregation. . stephenson, aafhy, . . rev. dr. ralph b. piper, present pastor, in a telephone conversation with the writer. . rev. c. a. brauer, pastor emeritus, in a telephone conversation. . rev. t. r. schmale, retired pastor, in a telephone conversation. . mnsgnr. warren peek, in a telephone conversation. . rev. dr. henry lewis, rector, in a telephone conversation. . stephenson, aafhy, . ann arbor yesterdays a mystery bell, pp. - . for correction of the mistaken ideas expressed in this paragraph, see the article dated february , , entitled, "our early church- es—the presbyterian," p. . . hwc, . . ibid., . . ibid., . . stephenson, aafhy, . old-time winter fun, pp. - . carrie watts, ms essay in mhc. . william caspari, n. state, conversation with the present writer. . many of the details of this and the following article are part of the personal memories of friends of the present writer. frolics the year around, pp. - . carrie watts, op. cit., mhc. . clipping from the memory book of lona c. tinkham, newspaper un- identified. "not an institution but a home," pp. - . ellen b. bach, "history of the old ladies' home," april , , a ms essay written in the back of a small red leather notebook in which her mother, anna botsford bach, had started a "record of inmates"; kept in the safety deposit box rented by the home. . deed book, washtenaw abstract co., ann arbor. . anna botsford bach in "record of inmates," see note . . mrs. l. w. oliphant, shortly before her death, in conversation with the present writer. . continuation of "record of inmates," bach notebook, op. cit., . our own forty-niners, pp. - . russel e. bidlack, letters home, the story of ann arbor's forty- niners, ann arbor publishers, ; . . ibid., - . . ibid., - and - . . ibid., - ; - . . ann arbor yesterdays, july , . . bidlack, op. cit., - ; - ; - . . ibid., - ; - ; - . . ibid., ff. how the yankees took over the town, pp. - . hwc, . . stephenson, aafhy, . . census of ann arbor village and township, mhc. . stephenson, aafhy, . . hwc, - . . census. . ann allen, letter to her son thomas mccue, dated february , . our early churches—the presbyterian, pp. - . hwc, - . also the courier, august , , "the th anni- versary of the first presbyterian church of ann arbor." . w. s. perry, hwc, . . rev. edward payson goodrich, "one hundred years of the first pres- byterian church of ann arbor." (this excellent historical document has recently been reproduced in its entirety in a compilation by the son of the rev. mr. goodrich, francis l. d. goodrich, entitled the first presbyterian church of ann arbor, michigan, historical facts and events. . f. l. d. goodrich, washtenaw impressions, may , material placed in cornerstone of "the brick church." ann arbor yesterdays . ibid., ff. . ibid., . . ibid., . . ibid., . . ibid., - (also ). . ibid., - . of organs and choirs, pp. - . mary lunny, op. cit., . . charles a. sink, "the university musical society," washtenaw impres- sions, vol. xi, no. , march , . . helene allmendinger, conversations with the present writer. . statement attributed to mrs. reuben kempf by helene allmendinger. . louis w. doll, the parish of st. thomas the apostle, photographs. . william caspari, jr., conversation with the present writer. the old rominger home, pp. - . hwc, . . ibid., and ann arbor news, july , (also ). . mrs. robert h. haskell, conversation with the present writer during a tour of the rominger home shortly before it was dismantled and razed, . when civil war struck, pp. - . george s. may, "ann arbor and the coming of the civil war," michi- gan history, vol. , , pp. ff. also "politics in ann arbor during the civil war," michigan his- tory, vol. , - . . may, "parker pillsbury and wendell phillips in ann arbor," michigan history, vol. , - . . f. clever bald, "michigan men and the civil war," michigan alum- nus, february , . . noah w. cheever, stories of the early history of the university of michigan, . old post offices and postal practices, pp. - . robert h. schoen, linn's weekly stamp news, january , , p. . . see ann arbor yesterdays, march and april , . . stephenson, aafhy, . . ibid., f. . ibid., - . . hwc, . . aafhy, - . home grown music and the kempfs, pp. - material for this article was obtained from programs, current newspaper clippings, letters, etc., in the kempf scrapbooks, supplement- ed by biographical details learned in conversation with mrs. paul kempf (daughter-in-law of reuben and pauline). . eli gallup, city forester, telephone conversation with the present writer. from bakery boy to famous sculptor, pp. - . millard f. rogers, michigan alumnus quarterly review, winter, , . . catalogue of works of randolph rogers in art museum, university of michigan, with sketch of his life, ms, written in 's, mhc, pp. - . . hwc, ff. . rosa e. rogers, a letter to professor henry s. frieze, june , , published in ann arbor register, august , . . millard f. rogers, op. cit., . . stephenson, aafhy, ff. . millard f. rogers, op. cit., . . ibid., . . hwc, . . ms of catalogue of works, op. cit., p. . notes . richmond times, january , , new york dispatch, clipping in folder, mhc. . helen hall, curator, alumni memorial hall, conversation with the pres- ent writer. . shown to the present writer by helen hall. a grocery de luxe, pp. - . elizabeth dean, daughter of sedgwick dean, in conversation with the present writer. . a day or two after this article appeared in the ann arbor news a young man appeared at my door to show me one of the dean pennies. michigan singing, pp. - . . the knapsack, went through many editions, a large collection of which may be found in mhc. . mrs. jane w. brent, knapsack, . . words by charles m. gayley, , tune by john peters. . knapsack, th edition, . . ibid., f. . michigan pioneer collections, vol. iv, . . ibid., vol. vi, . . ibid., vol. in, . . "the emigrant's pioneer song," ( ), courier, april , . our women and the civil war, pp. - . history of the soldiers' aid society of ann arbor, michigan, press of dr. a. w. chase, main street, ann arbor, , - . . george s. may, "ann arbor and the coming of the civil war," michi- gan history, vol. , , . . hwc, . . copied from the monument itself, may . celebrated visitors, pp. - . t. c. abbot, diary, typed copy in the library of michigan state uni- versity, entry following february , . . argus, january , . . ibid., march , , an unsigned letter. . stephenson, aafhy, - . . detroit news, march , , clipping in folder in mhc. . the taft episode and the witherspoon-campanari story were told me by trustworthy friends. . and . personal memories of the present writer. a century of business—the eberbachs, pp. - . . naturalization paper of jacob frederick christian eberbach, novem- ber , , now in possession of linda eberbach. . judge w. d. harriman, a speech delivered before the washtenaw co. pioneer society, washtenaw daily times, june , . . mann family tree, in possession of linda eberbach. . ann arbor times news, september , . . linda eberbach, in conversation with the present writer. . washtenaw post, undated clipping in eberbach family scrapbook. . ann arbor news, august , . . photograph of grounds in possession of linda eberbach. . washtenaw post, undated clipping in eberbach scrapbook. . bulletin of pharmacy, february , published by e. g. swift, tribute and picture. . marquette medical review, may . office south main street. ^isnsr arbor, mich. 'residence corner of ann arid divuion streets. j. q. a. sessions. slttoihtfey at law inri— insurance agent, conveyancing an d collections promptly attended i to on liberal terms. j «s" agent for the phoenix fire insurance company of hartford, lha international fire insurance cora pan v of new york, and the j lchigan mutual life insurance company of detroit. '>£t ge one door south of ~" latf'tal bank, up stairs, main street, ann arror, ptich. *nn arbor business college an:i .. r:. telegraphic ihf.tl'uffe, h' >k-keepinu, business and ornave.\,\l yes mans hip, commercial law, cc mmercial calcula'. ions, telegraphing, el i and all the branches tekt vln ng t<> ah accurate acquaintance with actual bfs'.:.r; lians- actions, ase peesented in the most thorough and practical manner. 'v. f. parsons. a. c. parsons. m. a... l'l olmtot of femnaiisliip. vhhsmjicxt. atilmam iff. stelle, manuractuilsr of stelle' old english oil paste no. north main street, -^.nsrnsr arbor,, mich . cuapin's ann arbbb city directobv. henion & gott, dealers in e. m. gregory, proprietor. nq.exertions will be spared by the proprvor, in his endeavors to render the 'gregory what it was originally designed it should be, f in all respects t 'a- firs t - class house. summary of exl'knditl'rbs and. keceiit . to salaries of mayor, recorder, treasurer, and attorney, o street lamps, repairing, lighting, gas anil oil, . i poor expenses, including salary of over- seer and physician, * i, s police-(a), i so city supervisors ( ), fire department. g ^ election expenses, i s uo is . justices', constables* and slaughter-house *. suits, s fuel, etc , council room, , city cemetery improvements. printing and stationery, strrft cleaning and city walks. i . street opening expenses, *s( public cisterns (new), repairs and wells, foot-bridge from m. c. r. r. track to s. w. corner huron river bridge. bridges (both new), culverts and repairs, cross walks and repairs, tar and plank, interest paid on court house aid bonds. yj cast-iron land-inarks fjacobus'c patent), firemen ( ), s city niarket(lease), general street iund. i. ward street work ( ). .«*/, i i . overdraft on general and general street funds, - i is . extra work on charter, ii is . extra work far special commiuees, i general fund account to overdraft, febru- ary \* is , i. i general fund warrant n«. i , overdraft, a february i, i^ , s i general street fund account to overdraft. february i, i , • fourth warr) street fund account to over- draft, february i, i , i incidentals. i i cash balance on hand, february i, i , . i total, $ , ck edits. iy general fund appropriation and receipts. . i general .-.treet fund appropriation and re- ceipts, .' '°i h irsl ward street fund appropriation and receipts. second ward street,'fund appropriation and receipts. . tliird ward street fund appropriation and receipts. fourth ward street fund appropriation and receipts. fifth ward alrcct fund appropriation and receipts. sixtii ward street fund appropriation and receipts, city cemetery fund, balance. firemen account appropriation. interest account appropriation, court house aid bonds. contingent fund. state liquor tax and u censes, etc., i i, a i* i,° s i " -* ii . i total, $ , the follnweng is the condition of the expenses of marshal johnson, in managing the police depart- ment and tiie distribution of the poor fund, as far nished by .himself: bv a. ii. herron & geo. w. cook. poor aid given out. april, i . $ may. is o, june, h & july, is , august, i , september, i , october. isi- . november, i . december, is , january, i ;, by john g. johnson. *'oor aid given out. april. i , . may, i , i ' i ju»ct i , i july, i . ii ]august, ^ , k, ° ' i i i '-* oo| * * total, $i, one extra police- man at $ i. per month, tor i months, r,io city physician at s' pel month, tor i months, i ^^^^^ september. :, , october. is , november, is , december, is. , january, i , total, $ balance in favor of the present counil. i. " • "j ii . $ so " '". ii $ , n the followtng rate ol city officers for the ci elective officers, april . i officers. may , i ; mayor, per annum, recorder, per annum. treasurer, per annum. attorney, per annum, furejnen, per annum ( chief of police, per dai policeman per day (i). !" supervisors, per day ( - eainp-lighters (oil), pe pound-ni asters, (nort teams (a horses), per c laborers, per day, .masons, per day. carpenters, per day. oak plank and sleeper; pine plank and sleeper: the city has now the street lamps in operatic gas posts and lamps per month, each, oil posts and lamps plies, per month, e:i bonded i; bonds as follows, i county court house, a with interest at -i pi bonds due february is interest, bonds due february isi luierest. bonds due february is interest, bonds due february is interest, bonds due february is interest, bonds due february is interest, bonds due febmry ist interest, bonds due february is interest, bonds due february ii interest, bonds due february ii luierest, toral bonded del the above oonus m the council ijrocceuiiii; oi. pa^es uu.nbcis jo/, ' uu city h.ut ua ilu mentioned. ann anno: mayor—deusmorc cr:. recorder—adam d. b« attorney—robert treasurer—asher a. 'j marshal and overseer: annual report for . l'he board of truateea of school district >. one of the city of arm arbor submit the lowing report for the school year ending is day, september , : $ , , om balance to credit of general fund, balance to credit of library fund, tax voted to pay interest on bonds due feb. , , tax voted to pay for fuel, in- surance, repairs, furni- ture, janitors' services, and incidentals, tax voted to pay teachers' salaries, tax voted to pay for boiler and heating apparatus, tax voted to pay bonds due feb. , , - two-mill tax. primary school fund, fine money, tuition, non-resident pupils, "resident pupils. bonds issued as per vote of annual meeting, premium on bonds issued, gas, alpha sigma soci- ety, - $ gas, cliosophic sooiety, gain on collection of taxes. total, , , , pursuant to a vote of the last annual meet- ing the bonds of the district, to the amount of $ , , due february , , have been paid -~ and retired, $ , of which was paid by tax ^ voted at the lat,t annual meeting, and ( , by tho issue of uew bonds at per cent in- terest annually, payable july , . the present bonded debt of the district is $ , , payable as follows: bonds duo february st, , $ , •' , , " , , " , , " , , of this sum there will become due on the a c ] expenditures, aid salaries of teachers, bonds due feb. , , intorest on bonds due feb. . , - heating apparatus, balnnce, rent of fifth street school room, gas from june , ' to june, , ' . - insurance. taking census for , librarian, books of library, janitors' services, wood and coal. furniture, matt ng, and ap- paratus. repairs on buildings and fences. incidental and contingent ex- penses, cash on hand, goneral fund, "" library fund, t hrst day of february next, principal, $ , ; and interest on the whole sum at per cent. $ , . * the board recommend that the amount nec- i essary to provide for the payment of the prin- cipal and intorest falliu^ due february , , viz: $ , , be raised by tax. exclusive of the estimated receipts from , two-mill tax, primary school monoy, and tui- _ tion toes, the board estimate the amounts nec- essary to bo raised by taxation the coming | year as follows: for salaries of teachers, bonds due feb. , . interest ou bonds due feb, , ' , insurance on buildings, - fuel, , , , . , , - $ , , , $ , • , , - , , , , janitors' services for several buildings, , . \ x uei, $ , repairs, , j furi iture and incidentals, i g - * ' . , , fi u , r - _ - _ , . !l total, - - - $ , i the expenditure on account of heating ap- - paratus for the central building i larger than was estimated in the last report. yet tho jj hoard feel confident that the bills for material and labor—both rendered at the cost to the i contractor, without charge for his time in su- perintending—were reasonable. the increase from the estimates comes from increasing efficiency of the work, both in heating and a ventilating capacity. with the one boiler and the old system pounds of steam were re-" quired, and then the rooms could not be made warm in severe weather. now, with but lbs. of steam, school rooms and halls, including assembly hall, which is more or less 'ay, can be comfortably and suf- $ , asses, these estimates aro mode in full view of the stringency of the times, but with the duty and necessity laid upon us of maintaining the ef- ficiency and high standing of the schools. in- cluding $ , more for the payment and re- tiring of bonds than voted last year, they nevertheless fall short of last year's appropria- tions. it will be noticed that aside from bonds, interest, and teachers' salaries, the estimates amount to but $ , , assuredly not a large sum for repairs, insurance, furniture, fuel, jan- itors' services, and incidental expenses. the estimate for teachers' salaries, $ , , may be considered large, if no thought be giv- en to the extent and character of the schools. it should be remembered, however, that the average attendance upon the schools exceeds , ; that the teaching force aiready em- ployed numbers thirty-five; that the high j school is larger than any other high school in the state, that of detroit excepted, and more ko j than twice as large as any other high school of the state, that of grand rapids excepted; and that it prepares more students for the uni- versity, or a college couise elsewhere, than all the oilier high schools of the state, and more than any other public school iu the united states, while providing a thorough and exten- ded commercial course, rivalling the cour ses in expensive commercial or business colleges, for our students not desiring a college course. high sch l. while all the lower schools report nearly the same numbers from year to year, the high school exhibits a con- tinuous growth. the enrollment the past year exceded that of the previous year by , of which increase were non-residents. the total tuition receipts in all departments were $ , , » gain over the preceding year of $ . rhe non-resident tuition receipts amounted to $ , , an excess over like receipts of the preceding year of $ . such a growth bespeaks, as nothing else oan, the popularity and i trust the ex- cellence of the high school. there is still an occasional doubt con- cerning the wisdom of fostering so large a high school department, but the bal- ance of opinion is very largely, if not nearly unanimously in its favor. cheapness, thoroughness of instruction, reputation, the interest of the univers- ity, and increased local trade, all com- bine to encourage its growth. ths present position of the high school can be maintained only by su- perior management and instruction, for other schools are rapidly coming into competition with it. considering the mutations and perils that beset all great enterprises, we shall be fortunate if we never have occasion to deplore a policy that may lessen the working efficiency mid so the prosperity of our high school. of the pupils enrolled, wore non-residents; their average age was ibout years; boys'and girls were aver years of age. the studies pursued and the number of pupils in each are given in the fol- lowing table: study. botb. girls. total. latin, - - greek, - - french, - - german, geometry, - - algebra, - - natural philosophy, - geometrical drawing, astronomy, - - chemistry, - - zoology, - • physical geography, - physiology, - - rhetoric, - - grammar, - - english literature, - botahy, • - - beading, - - arithmetic,- - civil government, - history. - - word analysis - geography, - composition, - pnnctuatiou and capitals, bo»fc.keeping and commer- cial arithmetic, - book-keeping - cumnierciariaw, - writing, *. - * the work of the year closed with the graduating exeicises of the senior class, june , in the central building. six- teen of the class, selected on the basis of scholarship, furnished the literary part of the exercises seventy-oue di- plomas were awarded, distributed among the several courses as follows: classical course, - - - latin course, - - - scientific course, - - - english course, - commercial course, - - - german course, - besides these, several who did not . complete our course of study have passed quite creditable examinations at the university and others are preparing for examination in the fall. a larger per cent, than usual of the class ex- pected to enter the university. some slight changes have been made in ihe courses 'of -ttcdy. in the euglish course, history has'^seen put in place of mental and moral philosophy. the commercial course has been extended to two years by adding u. s. history, civil government, political economy, natural philosophy, and chemistry. these additions, for the objects in view, will make it a course of much intrinsic merit, and it is believed will increase its usefulness and popularity. m. iiwjuh ac c? . , || botb statistics and examinations show the schools to be in excellent con- dition and give promise of a prosper- ous coming year. in closing permit me in behalf of all our teachers to express to the board our sincere appreciation of the courtesies and kindly consideration that have been uniformly extended to us. respectfully submitted, w. s. perry, supt. astn arbor, aug. , , vxd !?eal, lli. oystisbs, ac. jn to the purchase of is of country produce, '.vcjiange block, arbor, mich. . ^^^^ ctoir w. h. jackson, c$p\^ - j operative and mechanical ogle*, corner of mil in and huron strut*, ann arbor, mirh. dr. jackson is devoting a large portion of liis lime to the special object of filling, so as to insure the permanent, preservation of the natural teeth. anaesthetics administered for extracting. .t ox i tv gerner, dealer ix confectionery, groceries, f ir o xt c e yankee ^notions and toys, of all kinds. no. jfi main street, corner of liberty street, ann arbor, michigan. boots and shoes. seylertgruner, keep constantly on hand a full assortment of mens' boots and shoes, ladies' balmorals & gaiters, misses' and children^' shoes, of every description. also, a full stock of mens* and ladies* slippers, which will be sold cheap for cash. next door south of john h. may nurd's dry good store. no. north. main street, ann arbor, mich. chapin's ax\ arbor city directory. noble, rider & moore, no. huron street, the oldest establishment in the city. gents'french calf shoes blacking* and himuslies, slippers, fine english hose and every article usually found in a well appointed establishment. inteodtjctoey. in presenting this volume, our first directory of the city of ann aebor, we confess to feeling not a little pride at having produced a work of such size, beauty, and accuracy. the mechanical part of the work was done at the steam printing and binding establishment of dr. a. w. chase, in this city, and in point of excellence in its execution, we chal- lenge comparison with any similar work in the country. the work embraces a full list of the names and locations of the inhabitants of the city, a complete classified business directory, the names of city and county officers, public institutions, churches, societies, &c, also a general descrip- tion of the university of michigan, with lists of the officers and students, for . we here desire to present our thanks to dr. e. o. haven, president of the university, dr. a. w. chase, e. b. pond, esq., allan campbell, esq., and many others, for marks of kindness bestowed upon us; as also to messrs. sutherland & whedon, noble, rider & moore, wilder <fc warner, mack & schmid, r. w. ellis & co., tripp, ailes & price, suth- erland & cole, j. c. watts & bro., henion & gott, seyler & gruner, j. q. a. sessions, esq., c. h. millen, e. j. johnson, c. b. stoddard, and a large number of the business men of ann arbor, who have given us substantial encourage- ment in the work. these enterprising men may bo readily distinguished from their old fogy neighbors by the prominence of their signs in the pages of our directory. we hope that our directory of ann arbor, for , will meet with the expectations and approval of its patrons, and be a fit representative of the public spirit and commercial importance of the city. henry h. chapin, publisher. january, . general index. page. abbreviations agricultural society alphabetical list of names church directory city government classified business directory county officers descriptive sketch of the city fire department i gas light company good templars index to advertisements masonic miscellaneous newspapers and publications odd follows population i post office preface public school department societies, associations, etc university of michigan—see index on last page of book. chapin's ann arboe city dieectory. page. moore l. & son outside back cover. muehlig florian <, noble, rider & moore north george w palmer russell d parker & hill outside back cover. polhemus j. a. & son porter c. b revenaugh a. o. & co rice benjamin f rinsey & seabolt risdon lewis c rogers & tread well sage j. r sessions j. q. a outside front cover seyler & gruner sipley j. f. & son spoor charles stelle william n outside front cover and stevens s. l stewart l. b. & co stoddard c. b outside front cover sutherland & whedon sutherland c. & co sutherland & cole tripp, ailes & price tuite & duffy wagner william watts j. c. & bro wed j. & brothers wilder & warner opposite business directory. wines & douglass woodruff thomas m the city of ann arbor, michigan. ann arbor, the capital of washtenaw county, michigan, is one of the finest inland cities of the state. it is situated on both sides of the huron river, in a high and healthy location,— and on the michigan central railroad, miles from detroit, and from chicago. the streets of the city are regularly and tastefully laid out, handsomely bordered with shade trees, and the more important ones are paved and lighted with gas. the city enjoys a flourishing trade, and contains many fine stores, together with extensive manufactories of flour, agricul- tural implements, carriages, machinery, iron, leather, etc. ann arbor is extensively known as the place where the university of michigan is situated, now the largest univer- sity in america. the whole number of students attending it in g was a little less than , , all young men, and very considerably adding to the population and business of the place. these students board with families in the city, there being no "dormitories" or "commons" connected with the university. the good order prevailing among the students, and their almost total exemption from the pranks and feuds that have characterized colleges that adhere to the "dormi- tory" plan, should commend this example to others. the buildings, though no effort for architectural effect has been made, are large and elegant. the main university square embraces acres, surrounded by streets. on this square are nine buildings, as follows: one feet long, wide, and four stories high, used exclusively for lecture-rooms, of which there are , and one room for each of the two literary socie- ties, and one for the young men's christian association. the society rooms are elegantly furnished. the second building is of the same size, used almost exelusively for the museum of geology, zoology, botany, mineralogy, antiquities, and the fine arts. this is one of the finest museums of the kind chapin's ann arbor city directoby. in the country. the third is the law building, feet long by feet wide, three stories high, containing not only conve- nient rooms for the law school, hut also the general library room. tbe medical building consists of a main part, feet by feet, three stories high, and an addition, feet square, four stories high, and not surpassed in convenience and size by any building in the country devoted to such a use. it has two large lecture rooms—capable each of seating about per- sons, a medical museum, dissecting iloom, offices, &c. the chemical laboratory is an irregular building, partly two sto- ries high, capable of accommodating about students at once, engaged in analysis, well furnished with steam engine for ventilation, and other needed purposes. besides these is the president's house, a large square three-story building, and three other dwelling houses. the university has another lot of land, about five acres, on which is situated the beautiful astronomical observatory, mostly the gift of liberal friends of science, in detroit. among the prominent buildings, besides those of the univer- sity, are the new methodist episcopal church, the presbyterian church, central union school, court house, gregory house, hangsterfer's block, the haven block, dr. chase's publishing house, national bank building, and many elegant private resi- dences and first-class stores. the educational advantages of this city are unsurpassed, there being, independent of the university, a large number of excellently managed schools, both public and private. the "union school" is a beautiful structure, having a front of , with a depth of feet, and a hall by feet, and feet high; the building will accommodate pupils. the population of the city of ann arbor, by careful esti- mate, is about , . this is obtained by multiplying the names in the directory by , which is the lowest figure taken by directory publishers when ascertaining the number of inhabitants. there should be added to this, a floating popula- tion of , or , , composed mainly of the university students. city government. city election first monday in april. city council meets the first monday evening in each month, at council rooms, engine house, east huron street. oliver m. martin, .... mayor. zina p. king, .... city recorder. james b. gott, - - - city treasurer nathan h. pierce, - - - city marshal. robert e. frazer, - - city attorney. aldermen. first ward—j. w. law son, james b. gott. second ward—j. s. henderson, g. f. lutz. third ward—wm. h. besimer, geo. w. smith. fourth ward—frederick a. horn, j. a. voltz. fifth ward—isaac dunn, george h. rhodes. sixth ward—ransom s. smith, edwin wilder. supervisors. first district—first and second wards— samuel grisson. second district—third and fourth wards— philip winegar, third district—fifth and sixth wards— sumner hicks. chapin's aim abbob city dibectoby. constables. first ward—charles boylan; second ward—frank neble; third ward—thomas j. hoskins; fourth ward—charles m. jones; fifth ward—nathan h. pierce; sixth ward- joseph g. price. collectors. first district—george w. goodhue. second district—john harris. third district—marvin v. k. jones. justices of the peace. charles g. clark, william f. roth, david t. mccollum, churchill h. vancleve. fere wardens. first ward—a. widenmann, robert k. ailes. second ward—c. schmid, philip bach. third ward—a. w. chase, n. b. nye. fourth ward—e. w. morgan, moses rogers. fifth ward—w. w. saunders, j. seabolt . sixth ward—i. mclntyre, g. d. hill board of health. de. r. s. smith, j. s. henderson, c. eberbach. board of education. president—john m. wheeler. secretary—w. w. whedon. treasurer—philip bach. trustees—john m. wheeler, henry d. bennett, philip bach, ebenezer wells, patrick donovan, c. b. cook, c. h. richmond, c. b. grant, w. w. whedon. superintendent public schools— peop. elisha jones. chapin's ann arbor city directoby. second ward school—located on the north-west corner of west jefferson and west fourth streets. third ward school—located on south side of miller avenue, west of fountain street . fourth ward school—located on north street, between fifth and division. new house to be built the present year, on division street, between catherine and north. fifth ward school—located on wall street . infant school, basement of unitarian church. second ward german school—first street, between wil- liam and west jefferson. german school—in german methodist church, cor. liberty and division streets. young ladies' boarding school. the misses clark's boarding and day school, for young ladies—located on the north-west corner of north and divi- sion streets. miss mary h. clark, principal. i commercial college. the ann arbor business college and telegraphic institute is located in the third story of the new block on the north-west corner of main and washington streets. a. c. parsons, am., president. churches. methodist episcopal church—north-west cor- ner state and washington streets. rev. henry s. white, pastor. presbyterian church—south-west corner huron and division streets. rev. william j. erdman, pastor. episcopal church, (st. andrews)—east side divi- sion street, between catharine and bowery. rev. george d. gillespie, pastor. chapin's ann arbor city directory. baptist church—north side catherine street, be- tween fifth and division. rev. nathan s. burton, pastor. congregational church—corner of washington and fifth streets. unitarian church—south-west corner fifth and ann streets. rev. charles h. brigham, pastor. roman catholic church—north street, between state and division. rev. henry dellbaer, pastor. german methodist church—north-west corner liberty and division streets. rev. gustavus herzer, pastor. german lutheran church—north-east corner washington and first streets. rev. frederick schmid, pastor. second methodist church—wall street . no pastor. colored church—fuller street, between state and division. benevolent institutions and societies. masonic. masonic hall is located on the west side of main street, between huron and ann. golden rule lodge no. , f. and a. m.—meets thurs- day, on or before the full moon, at masonic hall. officers— r price, w. m.; a. t. brugel, s. w.; jas. e. marshall, j. w.; a. w. chase, treas.; a. d. seyler, sec'y; g. w. mc- cormick, s. d.; j. w. johnson, j. d. ann aebor lodge no. , f. and a. m.—meets wednes- day evening before each full moon, at masonic hall. officers —s. g. taylor, w. m, z. p. king, s. w.; j. p. little, j. w.; m. martin, sec'y; geo. w. cropsey, treas.; c. a. horn, s. d.; r. a. allen, j. d. washtenaw chapter no. , r. a. masons.—meets mon- day evening before each full moon, at masonic hall. chapin's ann abboe city dieectoey. odd-fellows. odd fellows' hall, south east cor. main and washington streets. washtenaw lodge, no. , . o. of o. f.—meets every friday evening at odd-fellows' hall. officers—e. p. rose, n. g.; charles beutler, v. g.; david almendinger, sec'y; r. c. traver, permanent sec'y; a. w. chase, treasurer. washtenaw encampment, no. , . . of o. f.—meets on first and third fridays in each month, at odd-fellows' hall. good templars. siloam lodge no. —meets every tuesday evening, in national bank block, north main street. officers—dr. a. w. chase, w. c. t.; miss a. j. devlin, w. v. t.; geo. h. pond, sec'y; monson w. bliss, w. f. s.; samuel r. gregory, w. t.; h. j. smith, w. a. s.; c. g. cook, w. m.; miss ella goodrich, w. d. m.; miss ruth henion, r. s.; miss howard, l. h. s.; edward barnett, p. w. c.; robert j. barry, w. c.; miss clara mount, w. i. g.; zach- ary roth, w. o. g. ann aeboe lodge no. —meets every wednesday even- ing in agricultural hall, corner detroit and catherine streets. officers—e. h. green, w. c. t.; mrs. s. a. geil, w. v. t.; w. c. stevens, w. s.; geo. s. wheeler, w. t.; miss pamelia noble, w. i. g.; orrin collier, w. o. g.; m w. harrington, w. m.; miss hattie pomeroy, w. d. m.; john f. geil, w. f. s.; miss abbie pond, w. a. s.; collins b. cook, w. c.; miss nellie arksey, r. h. s.; miss ida mount, l. h. s. german laboring mens society meets second and fourth mondays in each month, at binder's hall, south main street. president, august widenmann; vice president, herman schlotterbeck; secretary, george f. lutz. chapin's ann abbob city directory. grand army of the republic. post no. — d disteict, dept. of mich.—meets every monday evening, at hall n. w. cor. main and washington streets. officers—byron r. porter, post commander; chas. besimer, senior vice commander; w. s. corselius, junior vice commander; monson w. bliss, post adjutant; sam. r. gregory, post quartermaster; w. f. breakey, post surgeon, h. s. white, post chaplain. newspapers and publications. peninsular courier and family visitant—office no. north main street, corner catherine. a. w. chase, m. d«^ publisher and proprietor; allan campbell, editor. (republi- can.) published every thursday. terms $ . per year, in advance. michigan argus—office south west corner main and huron streets. e. b. pond, editor and proprietor. (demo- cratic.) published every friday morning. terms $ . per year. michigan state news—office no. south main street, krause's block. l. davis, editor and proprietor. (republi- can.) published every saturday morning. terms $ . per annum. ann aebor journal—office no. north main street, opposite court house. j. m. cole, editor and proprietor. (democratic.) published every wednesday morning, it $, per annum. the michigan university magazine—is issued by a board of editors elected from the senior class of the university of michigan. ten numbers are issued during each college year. subscription price, two dollars. university chronicle—issued every saturday, by stu- dents of the university. terms $ . per college year. chapin's ann arboe city dieectoby. agricultural society. the "washtenaw county agricultural and horticultural society" owns, within the city limits, on huron avenue, a finely fitted up fair ground, of acres, with all the necessary buildings for their annual exhibitions, etc. the society was organized in . the officers for are president—calvin wheeler, of salem. recording secretary—n. m. schoff, ann arbor city. corresponding secretary—lorenzo davis, ann arbor city. treasurer—john t. swathel, ann arbor city. miscellaneous- agricultural hall—corner detroit and catherine streets. american express company —a. w. ames, agent. office, no. east huron street. ann arbor gas light company—organized april , . capital $ , . office no. , south main street; works near railroad depot. charles tripp, president; james clements, secretary and treasurer. county jail—north main street, between north and depot streets. court house and county offices—court house square—huron, main, fourth and ann streets. fireman's hall—corner huron and fifth streets. hangsterferer's hall—south-west corner main and washington streets. internal revenue — office for third district of michigan, national bank building, south main street. col- lector—c. h. millen; deputy collectors—robert j. barry, b. f. granger, elerk; n. h. pierce. assistant assessor— l. dodge. masonic hall—west side north main street, between huron and ann. merchant's union express company—j. f. miller, agent; office no. gregory block. i \ chapin's ann arbor city directory. observatory—east end ann street, corner observa- tory. odd fellow's hall—south-east corner main and washington streets. post office—gregory block, huron street, c. b. grant, postmaster; nelson b. cole, deputy postmaster. university buildings—state street, south. washtenaw mutual fire insurance com- pany—j. g. leland, president; w. hamilton, director; thomas white, secretary. office no. south main street . western union telegraph company—office no. , east huron street . advertisements. j. & p. donnelly, dealers in crockery and glassware, table cutlery and plated goods. kerosene oil, lamps and fixtures, groceries and provisions, no. e. huron st., - ann arbor, mich. j. f. sipley & son, dealers in all kinds of fresh and salt meats, bologna and pork sausages, &c, no. south main street, - - ann arbor, mich. chapin's ann arbor city directory. solid silver-ware, single, double, triple and <lnadriple plated-ware, cold pens, fancy goods, violin strings, table and pocket cutlery, eazors, scissoes, < so. repairing, engraving and plating, execu- ted with neatness and dispatch. . also, agents for the jackson prison wagons & sleighs no. lo main street, ann arbor, michigan. vignettes, cards, ambrotypes, porcelain and solar portraits, of any size. copies enlarged to any size, and photographs finished in ink or oil, at k. d. palmer's. chapttl's aitn arbob city dibectoby. • teipp, ailes & pkice, ann arbor foundry flouring mill, saw , paper mill and factory castings and machinery made to order. mulej- heads and flour packers, of the best patters, on hand at all times. haying one of the largest catalogues of mill-gearing patterns in the state, and an experienced mill-wright in our co., we are prepared to sire plans, drafts, and estimates for mills of all kinds, and furnish the [achineiy on the most reasonable terms. wc are extensively engage in making center discharge water wheels, of the latest patterns, and being the owners of the right for huston's adjustable water wheel scroll, for this state, we can furnish water wheels unsurpassed in power and and at a much lower price than they can be purchased from eastern makers. plow, and other agricultural implement castings. patterns and castings of all kinds made to order. general repairing promptly done. «•« agents for. bozdinste's joint .vail turbine water wheel, manufactured by j. it. ac oo., mount morris, n. y. chas. tbipp. bobket k. ailes. eobebt j. price. billiard boom. besimer & brother, proprietors. huron street, opposite gregory house, ann arbor, mich. chapin's ann aebor city directoey. rinsey ac skabolt, b a. k. e 'r s and dealers in n flour and feed, no. washington street, ann arbor, michigan. bread, crackers, cakes, &c, for wholesale and retail trade. we also keep a supply of delhi flour, rye flour, buckweat flour, corn meal, feed, &c, at wholesale or retail. a general stock of groceries and provisions, constantly on hand, which will be sold on as reasonable terms as at any other house in the city. goods delivered to any part of the city, without extra charge. ciiaeles beutlee. e. c. teavee. beutler & traver, manufacturers of and dealers in pistols, revolvers, powder flasks, shot pouches, powder, lead, shot, caps, &c. jot wort neatly and promptly atteniei to. no. east liberty street, ann arbor, mich. chapin's ann arbor city directory. at the company's ticket office in the depot, foot third st., detroit, can be purchased to all the principal cities and towns in the united states and canadas. palatial sleeping gars, pullman's patent and ruttan's warmins, ventilating & anti-dusting apparatus are in use on this great thoroughfare. the westward trains on this old and reliable road, connect at chicago, in the great central depot, with trains of the illinois central, and chicago, burlington and quincy railroads, and also with all other trains diverging fromtlmt cit? at michigan city with trains of ^uisville new albany and chicago railroad, to all parts of indiana. at lake junction with the joliet cut-off trains, to matteson and joliet: connecting at matteson and calumet with trains of the illinois central railroad and at joliet with trains of the st. louis, alton and chicago, and the chicago and rock island rail- r°au eastern trains connect at detroit with the great western and grand trunk railways of canada, the detroit and toledo, and detroit and milwau- kee railroads, and cleveland steamers. john w. brooks, boston. nathan'l thayer boston. r. b. forbes, boston. directoes. h. h. hunnewell, boston. james f. joy, detroit. erastus corning, albany. d. d. williamson, new york. geo. f. talman, new york. j. m. forbes, boston. president—james f. joy, detroit. vice " —r.b. forbes, boston, mass. 'iveamrer— i. livermore," auduor-wiluam boott," gen. supt,-h. e. sargknt. chicago. asst. gen. supt.-w. k. muir. detroit general receiver—oliver macy. local awhtor—jobn newell. oumer-george w. gilbert. gen, ticket a gt.-twos. frazer. chic/ engineer-john m. berrien. master mechanic—a. s. sweet, jr., "car xepairs-j. b. sutherland. itd mast.e.div.marshall-c. i.white •' •' west " mies-s. r. johnson. freight agt., detroit--!,. p. knight. asst. gen. freiglu agt., chicago—e. a. harkness. c. knowlton. joliet, assistant su- perintendent joliet division, and northern division (lafayette to michigan city), of the louisville, new albany and chicago railroad company, which part is managed by the mich. central railroad comp'y. ann abbor city directory for . abbueviations used in this directory. ab above, cor corner, n north, agt agent, cab mkr cabinet makr, n e north east, asst assistant, carp carpenter, n s north side, atty attorney, elk clerk, n w north west, ave avenue, eng engineer, nr near, bds boards, e s east side, opp opposite, col colored, ins insurance, p u post office, bet between, h house, propr proprietor, bldg building, lab laborer, rev reverend, blk block, mufr manufacturer, res residence. r r railroad, b south, s e south east, s s south side, s w south west, sec secretary, supt superintends treas treasurer, wks works, w s west side. the business directory will be found immediately following the alpha- betical classification of names. the names of firms in capital. let- ters are those of subscribers to the work. a abel peter h., (bach & abel) bds. gregory house. aborly mrs. mary c, res. second. adams charles k., prof. of history in mich. university, res. s. s. washtenaw ave., bet. church and forest ave. agricultural hall, c^or. detroit and catharine. ailes robert k., (tripp, ailes & price) res. south fifth. alber frederick, blacksmith, res. broadway. albrecht john g., bowling saloon, w. s. pontiac, bet. fifth and summit, res. same. chapin'b a tn abbob [a] city dieectoby. alderton mrs. frances, wid., res. s. s. north, bet. state and thayer. aldrich ira, match manuf., wall. allaby william, shoemaker, bds. north main. allen george w., farmer, res. west end huron. allen james c, res. south division. allen luther e., (c. sutherland & co.) res. s. e. cor. fourth and depot . allen mrs. mattie, wks. tomlinson & jaynes, res. brown. allen samuel a., laborer, res. north main. allmendinger christian, cabinet maker, wks. f. muehlig, res. south end fifth. allmendinger david, shoemaker, res. w. s. first, bet. huron and washington. allmendinger frederick, carpenter, bds. w. s. first, bet. hu- ron and washington. almendinger jacob, tanner, res. e. s. east university ave., bet. orleans and willard. almendinger , res. thompson. ambrose joseph, brewer, res. broadway. ambruster joseph, wks. ann arbor brewery, res. broad- way. american express office, east huron. ames albert w., newsdealer and stationer, agt. american express co., east huron, res. william. amsden miss emily, res. s. e. cor. fourth and packard. amsden t. c, res. w. a. thompson, bet. jefferson and madison. andres mrs. esther, res. w. s. fifth, bet. washington and huron. ann arbor business college, a c. parsons, a. m., president, n. w. cor. south main and washington. ann arbor hotel, byron green propr., s. side west huron, bet. main and second. ann arbor journal, weekly, office north main. ann arbor trading association, deals in dry goods, carpets, groceries, crockery, hats, caps, boots and shoes—store n. w. cor. main and ann—charles s. gregory, supt. chapin's ants abboh [b] city dieectobt. apfel henry, harness maker, wks. adam schaeberle, res. south second. arat james w., shaving and hair dressing saloon, east huron, res. south main. aray mrs. j. w., washing, ironing, fluting and crimping, south main. ardell marion, elk. l. c. risdon, res. w. s. ingalls, bet. washington and n. university ave. arksey edwin, wagon maker, wks. n. arksey, res. north fifth. arksey nicholas, carriage, wagon and sleigh manufacturer, w. side detroit st., near railroad depot, res. e. s. pontiac, ad- joining factory. armstrong frank h, carpenter, res. traver. armstrong jacob, mill-wright, res. traver. armstrong, john, carpenter, res. n. e. cor. east university and college. armstrong solomon, mill-wright, res. traver. atkinson james, laborer, res. n. w. cor. huron and fifth. avery fred., res. east huron. b babbitt john w., co. treasurer, res. washington, d. c. bach & abel, (philip bach and peter h abel) dry goods, south main. bach philip, (bach & abel) res. south main. backus cyrus, physician, res. south university ave. bailey george, machinist, wks. tripp, ailes & price, res. n. w. cor. huron and first . bailey mrs. mary, res. n. w. cor. huron and first. baker erwin p., elk. henion & gott, bds. n. s. bowery. balcom hiram, fence builder, res. broadway. baldwin joseph d., farmer, res. junction washtenaw and huron aves. bancker josiah r., tobacconist, with s. g. bcnham, bds. ann arbor hotel. chapin'b ann aeboe [b] city dikectory. banfield henry, shoemaker, north main, res. n. main. banister frank h., elk h. bower & son, res. n. state. banks john l., life insurance agent, res. south end grove. baptist church, north side catherine, between fifth and division. barber mrs. mary, boarding, res. n. e. corner huron and ingalls. barker joseph, travelling agent, bds. south division. barker levi s., farmer, res. liberty. barnum tracy, penman ann arbor business college. barnett edward, mason, res. south end west seventh. barney mrs. sarah, res. cor. huron and second. barry arthur, col., laborer, res. n. s. miller ave. barry robert, j., dept. collector int. rev., south main, res. south fourth. bartiett jacob h., blacksmith, wks. lawson, wurster & ellis, res. wall, up stairs. bateham mrs. mary, res. washington. bateham byron e., cabinet finisher, wks. j. keck & co.'s, res., washington. baner john g., laborer, res. maiden lane. banman henry, wks. m. c. r. r., bds. diehl's hotel. baxter charles, (itobison & baxter) res. catharine, west. beach charles, brakeman, m. c. r., res. north fourth. beach william, crockery dealer, res. e. s. thayer, bet. s. uni- versity and monroe. beahan'john, bar tender, north main. beahan richard, lawyer, south main, res. north state. beakes hiram x, judge probate and atty. at law, office court house, res. south fifth. beal clark s., elk. ann arbor trading association, bds. north main. beal eugene, elk. a. a. trading association, bds. cook's hotel. beal rice a, business various, res. south fifth, cor. william. chapm's ann abbob [b] city dibectoby. beard daniel, carpenter and boarding house, res. william. beardsley mrs. susan, res. washington. bearman, mrs. frederika, res. e. s. w. fifth. beasly john, cabinet maker, s. w. cor. fourth and catherine, res. traver. beatty charles d., student, res. s. s. washtenaw aye. bet. forest ave. and church. beatty mrs. m. c.,*res. s. s. washtenaw ave., bet. forest ave. and church. beck abraham, blacksmith, wks. john schneider, bds. second. beck jonas, cabinet maker, wks. john keck & co., res. w. e. west third, near jefferson. beckly guy, painter, res. broadway. beckley orainel, carpenter, res. broadway. bedford john, grocery store in detroit, res. north state. behr charles, dealer in groceries and provisions, south main, res. same. bell & hendrickson, (andrew bell and samuel hendrickson) groceries, produce and provisions, east washington. bell andrew, (bell & hendrickson) res. south division. belding mrs. ann, res. wall. belding warren d., res. wall. benallack philip p., elk. a. a. trading association, bds. north main. benz august, elk. bach & abel, res. n. s. liberty, bet. main and second. bender bernhard, elk. bach & abel, res. south fourth. benedict william a, res. w. s. main, bet. mosely and huron ave. benham franklin, saloon, opp. freight depot. benham nelson, bds. washtenaw house. benham samuel g., tobacconist, south main, res. north s. washington, bet. main and fourth. chapin's anx akboe [b] city dibectoky. bennett henry d., salt and lumber manuf., south saginaw, mich., res. south division. bennett henry g., elk. first national bank, res. south division. bennett mrs. james, res. s. s. william, bet. maynard and thompson. bently daniel b., carpenter and mill-wright, res. west end hiscock st. berian james, wks. weil & bros., tannery, bds. diehl's hotel. berry erastus, med. student, res. north fifth. besimer & bro., (wm. h. and anson d.) proprietors billiard saloon, s. side west huron, opp. gregory honse. besimer anson d., (besimer & bro.) res. s. s. huron, between main and second. besimer charles, cooper, res. wall. besimer william h., (besimer <fc bro.) res. north fourth. best mrs. clarrissa, res. north side huron, between first and second. beutler & traver, (charles beutler and r. c. traver) gun and blacksmith shop, east liberty. beutler charles, (beutler & traver) res. spring near miller ave. bigelke theodore, laborer, res. n. e. cor. william and first . binder charles, elk., south main, bds. same. binder henry, billiard, lager beer and refreshment saloon, south main, res. same. binder jacob, laborer, res. n. w. cor. jefferson and west fourth. bissinger godfrey, (krauie & bissinger) res. e. s. west third, near w. jefferson. blackburn frank a., student, res. cor east university av. and willard. chapin's aim abbob [b] citt dibbctoby. blackburn john, elk., l. b. stewart & co., res. n. e. cor. e. university ave. and willard. blackburn julius a., student, res. cor. e. university ave. and willard. blanchard augustus f., groceries and provisions, broad- way, res. north division. blanchard james h., student, res. south state. rlanchard mrs. matilda a., res. south state. bliss alonzo, shoemaker, res. south division. bliss calvin, dealer in watches, jewelry, etc., south main, res. south fifth. bliss charles, carpenter, res. w. s. west seventh. bliss daniel w., botanic physician, res. william, cor. fifth. bliss edgar d., (bliss & vetter) res. south division bliss edwin j., builder, shop and res. s. w. cor. church and washtenaw ave. bliss gilbert, elk. c. bliss, bds. south fifth. bliss monson w., elk. c. bliss, bds. south fifth. bliss & vetter, (edgar d. bliss and george vetter) saddlers and harness makers, dealers in trunks, etc., east huron. blithem james, laborer, res. north main. blood edmund, lumber dealer, n. w. cor. fourth and depot sts., res. s. s. ann, bet. fifth and division. bod well alrick m., manuf. school furniture, north fourth, res. same. bod well luke w., sorghum manufactory, s. e. cor. liberty and west seventh. bohn casper, mason, res. s. s. liberty, near west seventh. boner patrick, laborer, res. s. w. cor. thayer and monroe. bonnett william j., bakery and flour store, w. s. pontiac, bet. fifth and summit, res. same. bowen stephen, carpenter, res. brown. bower h. & son, (henry and henry e. h.) dry goods, hats, caps, boots and shoes, north main. chapijf's ann abbob [b] city directory. bower henry, (h. bower & son) res. n. w. cor. miller ave. and spring. bower henry e. h., (h. bower & son) bds. n. w. cor. miller ave. and spring. bowes mrs. julia, res. washtenaw st. boyd mrs. catharine, res. s. w. cor. catharine and ingalls. boyer colter, laborer, res. n. s. willard. boylan arthur e., physician, res. fifth. boylan benjamin f., painter, bds. fifth. boylan charles, auctioneer, res. e. s. fifth, bet. jefferson and packard. boylan john, painter, bds. fifth. boylan luther w., cooper, wks.. james jones, res. mill. boylan moses m., res. fifth. boylan wm. h. h., sign and ornamental painter, shop n. s. huron, bet. fourth and fifth, bds. ann arbor hotel. braithwaite george, elk., wines & worden's, bds. william st. branch chauncey, toll-gate keeper, res. s. s. huron ave., near main. branch m. d. l., res. s. side hiscock. brandle konrad, marble worker, j. e. eisele & bro's., bds. john eisele's, south main. breakey william f., physician, res. east huron. brehm peter, propr. western bi ewery, west fourth, res. e. s. first, bet. washington and liberty. brennen michael, shoemaker, wks. p. brennen, bds. n. fourth. brennen patrick, boot and shoemaker, n. fourth, res. same. brewill, mrs. jane, res. s. s. jefferson, between fifth and division. brewster miss m. j., teacher d ward school, bds. n. e. cor. fifth and jefferson. briggs edward, res. s. e. cor. fourth and packard. briggs van rensellaer, gunsmith, wks. beutler & traver, bds. r. c. traver's, miller ave. briggs william b., printer, wks. argus office, res. e. s. thay- er, bet. washington and north university. chapin's ann arboe [b] citt dibectoby. brigham rev. c. h., pastor first unitarian church, bds. n. e. cor. fourth and ann. brodbeck michael, shoemaker, wks. geo. huss, bds. same. brooks ebenezer, carpenter, res. n. w. cor. washington and ingalls. brooks frederick a., night telegraph operator, r. r depot, bds. north fifth. brook john w., drayman, res. north main. brook miss julia, res. s. w. cor. fifth and packard. bross mrs. anna, res. n. s. huron, west of first. bross george, stock dealer, res. n. s. south liberty, opp. west fourth. bross j. & j. f., (john and jacob f.) wagon makers, south main. bross jacob f., wagon maker, res. south main. bross jacob f., jr., wagon waker, res. south main. bross john, wagon maker, res. s. e. cor. fourth and william. brown christopher, teamster, res. s. w. cor. fountain and hiscock. brown daniel b., farmer, res. w. s. main, bet . huron ave. and elm. brown mrs. dorothy, boarding, res. ann. brown john, wks. weil & bros.' tannery, res. west end hiscock. brown lucian, col., waiter, res. south division. brown michael, wagon shop, east liberty, res. east liberty. brown robert, carpenter, res. north fifth. brown mrs. sarah, res. south fourth. brown william w., teamster, res. east end hickory. brownell charles s., elk. m. clark's, res. north main. brownsburger joseph, farmer, res. n. s. volland. bruegel a. theodore, elk. l. c. risdon, res. e. s. main, bet. william and packard. bucho mrs., res. n. s. lawrence, bet. thayer and ingalle. buckingham william h., res. n. s. geddes ave. buckingham william, res. n. s. geddei ave. chapin's ann abbob [b] city dibectoby. buel george, agt. j. e. eisele & bro., marble works, res. broadway. buell george w., broom maker, wks. seabolt & buell, bds. broadway. buel dr. henry s., dealer in drugs and medicines, paints and oils, surgical instruments, etc., n. w. cor. main and ann, res. n. w. cor. detroit and north. buell joshua, broom maker, (seabolt & buell) res. pontiac, north. bufor joseph, cabinet maker. bull joseph, laborer, res. s. s. depot, bet. main and fourth. bullard embree, stock broker, res. south state. burbach andrew, laborer, res. traver. burch lawrence d., wood yard, vine st., res. s. e. cor. washtenaw and forest aves. burd zenas, res. south state. burk louis, soap and candle works, cor. main and madison, res. same. burke william, laborer, res. e. s. ingalls, bet . washington and n. university ave. burkhardt john c., harness maker, wks. bliss & vetter, bds. cor. fourth and pontiac. burkhardt, frederick, blacksmith, wks. john king, res. north main. burleson john h, sec'y university of mich., and gen'l insurance agt., south main, res. s. s. north university ave. burlingame edwin a., law student, res. thompson. burlingame peter m., res. thompson. burnett asa, wagon maker, shop and res. n. e. cor. main and catherine. burnett edgar, wks. american express co. burnett mrs. h. s., res. ann. burnham nathan, res. wall. burns edward, watchman, weil's tannery, res. n. s. fuller. burns james, wks. weil & bros.' tannery, res. e. s. main, bet. catharine and ann. chapin's ann arbok [c] city directory. burns john, wks. gas house, res. adjoining same. burns terrence, tailor, res. cor. high and grove. burroughs stephen a., student, res. vine st . burton rev. nathan s., pastor first baptist church, res. s. e. cor. fifth and jefferson. bush peter, cooper, wks. james jones, res. broadway. buss frederick w., elk, slawson & son, hds. north fifth. butler john, carpenter, res. s. s. ann, bet . ingalls and obser- vatory. butler robert, printer, wks. argus office, bds. s. s. ann, bet. ingalls and observatory. butler simon, mason, res. s. s. ann, bet. ingalls and observa- tory. c callaghan & cutler publishers and dealers in law books, legal blanks and stationery, dearbon street, chicago, . branch store, huron street, ann arbor, during the session of the law school. campbell allan, editor peninsular courier and family visitant, res. south fourth. campbell william, (storms & campbell,) res. broadway. canwell william, farmer, res. lincoln st. carey peter, laborer, res. foot detroit st . carpenter horace, res. cor. washtenaw ave. and elm. carpenter rufus, boarding house, south division. carr james e., printer, wks. argus office, res. cor. pontiac and fifth. carr patrick, laborer, res. north fourth. carragin john, res. north end main. carrier elbert e., student, with drs. cheever & palmer. carrington john, engineer, res. n. s. north, bet. thayer and ingalls. carroll thomas, laborer, res. vine st . carter mrs. sarah e., res. broadway. casey mrs., res. w. s. brown. . chapin's ann aebob [c] city dibectory. casterline ithiel, laborer, res. s. e. cor. pitcher and hickory. catholic church, s. s. north, bet. state and division. chambers george h., bds. n. s. s. thayer, bet. s. university and monroe. champion william, blacksmith, res. north main. chapin charles a., (richmond, chapin & co., detroit,) res. n. s. bowery, near state. chapin john c, res. south university ave. chapin norman, res. south fifth, cor. william. chapin volney, (richmond, chapin & co., detroit,) res. n. e. cor. fourth and ann. chapman moses d., carpenter, res. east end catherine. chase dr. a. w., steam printing house and book bindery, publisher penin- sular courier and family visitant, also, author and pub- lisher of "dr. chase's recipes; or, information for eve- rybody," n. main, cor. catherine, res. catherine, west . chase john m., probate clerk, res. south ypsilanti road. chase mrs. r. b., res. pontiac, north. chase samuel d., res. pontiac, north. chatam george, laborer, res. south end fifth. cheever henry s., physician, demonstrator of anatomy in mich. university, office east huron, res. s. w. cor. thompson and jefferson. cheever noah w., lawyer, office e. s. fourth, opposite court house, res. s. w. cor. jefferson and thompson. cheever william, res. s. w. cor. thompson and jefferson. cherry john, col., laborer, bds. n. end main. chester e. & co., (edwin and edwin p. chester,) dealers in drugs, paints, etc., exchange block, north main. chester edwin, (e. chester & co.,) res. maynard. chester edwin p., (e. chester & co.,) res. maynard. christman paul, dealer in stoves and tinwares, s. main, res. same. church charles c, manufr mill picks, res. s. s. orleans, bet. forest and university aves. chapin's ann asbob [c] city directoby. church chauncey r., manufr mill picks, res. n. s. orleans, bet. church and forest ave. church william o, manufr mill picks, shop and res. n. s. or- leans, bet. church and forest ave. city council rooms, n. s. huron, near cor. fifth. city gas works, s. side depot, cor. pontiac. city recorder's office, south main. claflin nelson h., med. student, res. s. e. cor. washington and id galls. clair john, saloon, n. s. ann, bet. main and fourth, res. n. s. fuller, near state. clancy james, laborer, res. s. s. fuller. clancy john, general store, east huron, res. east end huron. clancy matthew, res. junction detroit and pontiac. clancy thomas j., saloon, north fourth, res. same. clancy william, mason, res. north fourth. clark mrs. ann m., res. n. s. volland, near washington ave. clark mrs. caroline a., res. east huron. clark rev. charles g., res. s. s. huron, bet. ingalls and thayer. clark charles g., justice of the peace, ins. and real estate agt, south maid, res. north state. clark george w., ostler cook's hotel, res. s. s. depot, bet. main and fourth. clark edward, conveyancer, res. s. w. cor. huron and second. clark james, mason, res. north main. clark martin, baker, grocer and confectioner, south main, res. washington, cor. division. clark misses mary h. and chloe a., young ladies boarding and day school, north division. clark michael, wks. ann arbor brewery, res. cor. state and fuller. clark thomas, laborer, res. cor. state and fuller. clark william, wks. m u. express co., bds. north main. clarkins matthew mason, res. north fourth. clay henry, (col.,) laborer, res. arbor st. clements samuel, res. n. w. cor. huron and thayer. clerkins mrs., wid., res. north main. chapin's jlnn aeboe [ ] city dieectoey. clements james, gas engineer, contractor for the erec- tion of gas works, and dealer in cast and wrought iron pipe, for steam, water and gas, south main, res. south state. clinton joseph, tailor, res. s. s. catherine, bet. main and fourth. clute william, elk. j. h. maynard, bds. liberty. cobb elijah v., carpenter, res. state. coch john, cabinet maker, wks. jenter & meyer, bds. south second. colbert norman, carpenter, res. west end huron. cole alanson b., book keeper, res. liberty. cole alvin, res. liberty. cole benjamin f., (sutherland & cole,) res. cather- ine, west. cole james m., publisher ann arbor journal, north main, res. south fifth. cole nelson b., deputy postmaster, res. s. s. catherine, bet . fifth and division. coleman james, mason, res. north fourth. coleman john t., supt. university museum, bds. cook's hotel. colier orrin, shoemaker, wks. noble, rider & moore, res. liberty. collamer alfred b., restaurant, ann st., opp. court house. collins & geer, (george collins and thomas h. geer) lime kiln, near ann arbor mills and r. r. track. collins george, (collins & geer) res. lincoln st. collins john, laborer, res. s. w. cor. state and fuller. collins mrs. l. m., wid., res. maynard. collins moses f., res. washington. condon mrs. alice, res. e. s. thayer, near lawrence. condon michael, laborer, res. e. s. thayer, near lawrence. congdon charles, machinist, wks. tripp, ailes & price, bds. d. s. noble's, west huron. congdon john, res. n. e. cor. thayer and ann. conover mrs. mary, res. south fifth. chapin's ann aeboe [ ] city diwsctoby. conver richard m., elk. a. a. trading association, bds. south fifth. conrath charles, tanner, wks. weil <fc bros., res. n. s. william, bet. w. second and w. third. conway mrs. elizabeth, seamstress, res. west fifth. cook collins b., res. n. s. miller ave. cook con. g., printer, wks. dr. chase's steam printing house, bds. south fifth. cook elisha w., propr. washtenaw house, broadway. cook george w., elk., res. washington. cook jacob, wks. ann arbor brewery, bds. kossuth house. cook james m., torpenter, res. s. fifth. cook john, supt. forest hill cemetery, res. n. s. forest hill ave. cook rev. samuel r, res, w. s. thompson, bet. jefferson and madison. cook solon, propr. cook's hotel, s. w. cor. huron and fourth, res. east huron. cook varnum, carpenter, res. south fifth. cooley hon. thomas m., prof, in law dept. mich. university, res. south state. cooper william n., paper maker, res. traver. cope john, milk dealer, res. n. s. miller ave. copeland edwin r., agt. grover & baker sewing machine, south main. copeland william, carpenter, res. n. s. miller ave. copeland william f., (r. w. ellis & co.) bds. n. w cor. huron and second. corey ames, carpenter, res. traver. corkin patrick, wks. weil & bros', tannery, res. e. s. main bet. ann and catherine. cornelius rev. samuel, res. washington. cornell harvey, woolen factory, ( miles west of the city) res. e. s. ingalls, opp. lawrence. cornwell henry, (cornwell & bros.) res. north division. cornwell ira a., carpenter, res. spring. corselius mrs, clementia, res. s. s. bowery, near division. ohapiir's aits abbor [d] city directory. davis william r, (m. l. shutts & co.,) bds. cook's hotel davison mrs. catherine, boarding, res. s. e. cor. lawrence and thayer. davison charlie b., engineer, dr. chase's steam print- ing house, bds. c. woodruff river road. davison mrs. mary, res. north st., near cor. main. day rev. samuel, res. s. s. huron, west of first . dean so co., (sedgwich and henry s. dean) house furnishing goods, erockery, glassware, etc., south main. dean henry s., (dean & co.) res. "washington. dean james, printer, wks. journal office, bds. south fifth. dean sedgwick, (dean & co.) bds. gregory house. deforest andrew, (r w. ellis & co.) res. north division, cor. catherine. deforest david, lumber dealer, detroit st., res. north division. deforest mrs. e. m., res. n. s. lawrence, bet . state and thayer. deforest isaac, res. north division. deitz joseph, elk. guiterman & co., res. south fifth. delaney john, blacksmith, wks. n. arksey, res. s. w. cor. ingalls and north. dell & jerome, (mrs. s. dell & mrs. c. e. jerome,) clothing cleaned and repaired, n. w. cor. liberty and fifth. dell mrs. sarah, clothing cleaned and repaired, e. huron. dengler george, puller, wks. weil & bros.' tannery. dengler jacob, fireman miller & reyer's planing mill, res. north fourth. denman william, mason, res. w. s. fountain. denton mrs. samuel, res. south fifth. depuy mrs. francis m., boarding, res. maynard. derby willliam w., printer and bill-poster, res. e. s. fourth. derele michael, wks. weil & bros', tannery, res. e. s. west second, near jefferson. dessotell charles h., propr. gregory house billiard saloon, res. n. main. chapin's ann arboe [d] city dieectoey. donnelly j. & p., (joseph and patrick) dealers in groceries, crockery, glass- ware and liquors, at wholesale, east huron. donnelly patrick, (j. & p. donnelly) res. n. e. cor. ingalls and ann. donovan william, civil engineer, bds. maiden lane. donner frederick, laborer, res. s. s. catherine, near observa- tory. dorus william, salesman, wm. o'hara, bds. n. s. bowery. dose charles, tailor, res. n. w. cor. first and w. jefferson. doty alonzo m., boot and shoe store, broadway, res. pontiac, north. doty mrs., wid., res. pontiac, north. dougherty jerry, tanner, wks. weil & bros., bds. s. w. cor. catherine and first. doughty john, currier, wks. weil & bros. douglass darius, res. w. s. ingalls, bet . washington and n. university ave. douglass levi h., (wines & douglass,) res. wil- liam. douglass silas h., m. a., m. d., prof, in med. department, university mich., res. east huron. dow john b., mason, res. cor. huron and first. drake lockwood, carpenter, res. broadway. drake nathan h., saloon and eating house, east huron, res. same. drake nathan, col., wks. l. c. risdon, bds. south end main. drescher jacob, shoemaker, res. broadway. dubois mrs. harriet, res. washington. dubois theodore, nurseryman, dealer in all kinds of fruit and ornamental trees, shrubs, etc., res. north state. duffy edward, (tuite & duffy,) res. north main. dellbaer rev. henry, pastor catholic church, res. s. s. north, adjoining church. dunlap william, laborer, res. north fourth. chapel's ann abbob [e] city dieectoey. dunn aretus, farmer and stock dealer, res. w. s. thompson, bet. jefferson and madison. dunn duane b., printer, wks. dr. chase's steam printing house, bds. north main. dunn isaac, drover, res. n. e. end broadway. dunn james e., carpenter, bds. east end catherine. durkee george w., with h. s. buel, res. n. w. cor. detroit and north. duryea john j., foreman press room, dr. chase's steam printing house, res. cor. detroit and division. duttenhofer christian, tannery, e. s. west third, near liberty, res. same. duval anthony f., harness mkr, wks. bliss & vetter. dygert mrs. mary, boarding house, south fourth. e earl henry, elk. thomas earl, bds. north main. earl thomas, general store, north main, res. north main. eastman mrs. hannah h., res. washington. easton charles, grocer, res. n. s. ann, bet. state and division. easton mrs. eleanor, res. n. w. cor. ingalls and catherine. easton morey a., teamster, res. s. w. cor. fountain and high. easton n. w., res. n. w. cor. ingalls and catherine. eastwood john f., student, res. south university ave. eastwood rev. nelson, res. south university ave. eberbach & co., (christian eberbach and emanuel mann,) druggists and apothecaries, south main. eberbach christian, (eberbach & co.,) res. s. ypsi- lanti road. eberbach edward, machinist, wks. tripp, ailes & price. eberbach ottmar, elk. eberbach & co's, bds. n. s. washing- ton, near cor. first. eberhardt john, elk. j. h. maynard, bds. cook's hotel. eccles thomas, exchange billiard hall, north nain, res. same. chapin's aim aebor [e] city directory. eckart william, tinsmith, wks. wilder & warner, bds. south main. eddy calvin, farmer, res. pontiac, north. edmonds nelson, carpenter, res. west end huron. edwards james, carpenter, res. s. e. cor. river and pitcher. effner george w., carriage painter and trimmer, bds. s. w. cor. catherine and first. eisele anton, (j. e. eisele & bro.,) res. s. e. cor. fourth and william. eisele j. e. & brother, (john e. and anton,) dealers in american and italian mar- ble, s. e. cor. detroit and catherine. eisele john e., (j. e. eisele & bro.,) res. south end main, cor. elm. eisterle aiken, carpenter, res. spring. eitebuss jacob, teamster, res. north fifth. eiting frederick, wks. central brewery, bds. north fifth. eiting philip, cabinet mkr, wks. j. rosenberg, res. s. e. cor. liberty and west third. ellis joseph j., (lawson, wurster & ellis,) bds. cook's hotel. ellis r. w. & co., (richard w. ellis, andrew deforest, wm. f. copeland,) druggists, s. w. cor. main and huron. ellis richard w., (r. w. ellis & co.,) res. s. s. cath- erine, bet . division and fifth. ellsworth frederick, boarding house, s. e. cor. thayer and catherine. elsey levi, carpenter, res. william. elster frederick, fashionable tailor, cor. main and ann, res. e. s. thayer, bet. monroe and south university ave. emery mrs. elmira, boarding, thompson. emming-er & brother, (leopold and anselm,) cutlers, dealers in toys, umbrellas, etc., east washington, res. same. chafin's ann aebob [f] city dikkctoey. emminger mrs. charlotte, dealer in german zephyrs, shetland wool, embroidery, etc., also stamping, east washington. engine house, n. s. huron, near fifth. engle res. broadway. enis george, tailor, wks. gilbert & co., bds. buchoz' block. entres michael, farmer, res. n. s. liberty, opp. west fourth. episcopal church, (st. andrew's,) north division. erdman rev. william j., pastor presbyterian church, res. liberty. eungfor ehnfried, cooper, wks. alex. soulier. evans edward p., prof. modern languages and literature, in mich. university, bds. n. e. cor. fourth and ann. everest mrs. elizabeth, res. south division. everest william b., (g. a. gilbert & co.,) res. south division. exinger william, pedlar, res. cor. detroit and pontiac. fanning charles ii., shoemaker, wks. noble, rider & moore, res. south division. fantle charles, dry goods and millinery, south main, res. south main. farley james, elk. a. a. trading association. farmer mrs. julia, res. broadway. farrand mrs. frances, res. washington. fasquelle mrs. j. l., res. east huron. fassett aaron, col., paper hanger, res. w. s. main, nr. madison. fauth gottfried, lab., res. s. s. liberty, bet. first and second. fay patrick, laborer, res. north fourth. feiner george, shoemaker, wks. geo. huss, res. w. seventh. felch hon. alpheus, lawyer, (felch & grant) res. north state. felch & grant, (hon. alpheus felch and claudius b. grant) lawyers, s. e. cor, huron and fourth. felch leroy n., shoemaker, wks. a. m. doty's res. wall. chapik's ann abb b [j ] city dieectoby. felch mrs. sabin, res. broadway. felch theodore a., student, res. north state. ferris george n., med. student, res. s. s. packard, bet. fifth and division. fields john, bds. cook's hotel fifth ward school, s. s. wall st. finer george, shoemaker, res. w. s. west seventh. finkbeiner adam, shoemaker, shop and res. e. s. detroit, bet . fifth and north. finley patrick h., lawyer, bds. washington. finley david m., farmer, res. liberty. finley homer p., (noble, rider & moore,) res. w. s. denton, bet. monroe and huron ave. finn charles w., foreman a. soulier's cooper shop, res. maiden lane. finnegan & howard (john finnegan and franklin howard) manfrs. and dealers in agricultural implements, commis- sion merchants, dealers in grain, etc., agricultural hall. finnegan john, (finnegan & howard) res. cor. detroit and catherine. first congregational church, n. e. cor. washington and fifth. first national bank of ann arbor, e. wells, president; j. w. knight, cashier; south main. first ward school, w. s. state, bet. jefferson and william. fischer george, res. south fifth. fischer joseph, laborer, res. e. s. west second, near jefferson. fisher benjamin w., marble worker, j. e. eisele & bro., res. washtenaw st. fisher david, wks. dr. chase's bindery, bds. broadway. fisher jacob, wks. on railroad, res. w. s. fountain. fisher john, brakeman m. c. r. r., res. s. e. jefferson, bet. fifth and division. fisher william, printer, dr. chase's steam printing house, res. broadway. fisher william, elk. wines & worden, res. north university ave., bet. state and thayer. fisher william h., carpenter, bds. broadway. chapdi' ann aeboe [f] city directoby. fisk isaac r, (gilmore & fisk,) res. north division. fitzgerald edward, wks. gas house, res. n. w. cor. huron and ingalls. flagg eben, student, with c. b. stoddard. flagg, mrs. louisa, res. south fifth. fleming edward, (pease & fleming,) res. e. s. fountain. fletcher mrs. catherine a., res. south fifth. fletcher daniel b., farmer, res. south fith. flint mrs. minerva, res. broadway. flynn john, laborer, res. w. s. first, bet. ann and catherine. flynn john, laborer, res. north main. fogerty daniel, mason, res. s. s. fuller, near state. fogerty john, mason, res. s. s. fuller, near state. fogerty thomas, laborer, res. s. s. fuller, near state. fogg flizath, col., res. north main, up stairs. fohey william, wagon maker, res. n. s. north, bet. detroit and state. folwell n. b., carpenter, bds. south fifth. foote albert e., prof., assistant in chemistry in mich. uni- versity, bds. south division. ford dr. corydon l., prof, of anatomy and physiology, mich. university, res. south state. ford george, res. south fourth. foster john s., (revenaugh & co.,) bds. e. j. robert's, n. s. ann, bet. state and division. foster john, fine boot maker, b. f. rice's, res. e. s. north thayer, bet . ann and catherine. foster samuel, farmer, res. south fifth. fralick edwin, bar keeper, east huron, bds. same. francisco, david, laborer, res. north main. frank martin, laborer, res. w. s. detroit, bet. north and divi- sion. , fraser rev. niram a., (methodist,) res. thompson. frazer robert e., lawyer, office exchange block, north main, res. n. s. miller ave. freedlund gustave, music teacher, bds. diehl's hotel. chapin's ann abbob [g] city dirkctoby. freeman & pritchet, (john a. freeman, allen pritchet,) bar- ber shop, under gregory house. freeman anthony g., white-washer, res. s. s. fuller, nr. state. freeman harvey, barber, res. north main, near catherine. freeman james, blacksmith, wks. j. r king, res. — fourth. freeman james, col., teamster, res. north fourth. freeman john a., (freeman & pritchet,) res. n. s. miller ave. freeman thomas b., farmer, res. north main. french mrs. eliza, res. s. w. cor. washington and fifth. frey john, cabinet maker, wks. john keck & co. frieze henry s., m. a., prof, of the latin language and literature, in mich. university, res. n. s. washtenaw ave, near huron ave. frink mrs. celinda, res. s. s. orleans, bet. e. university and forest aves. fritz fouis, farmer, res. s. w. cor. liberty and first. frothingham george e., physician, and asst. demonstrator of anatomy in university of mich., office, east huron. fry frederick, laborer, bds. s. s. washington, bet. main and second.' fuller c, res. south main. fuller mrs. c. l., res. south fifth. fuller mrs. edward, res. south fifth. fuller john t., (grenville & fuller,) res. s. division. fuller mrs. rhoda, wid., res. n. e. cor. division and north. galick , farmer, res. north end main. galespie cornelius, res. e. s. denton, bet. monroe and south , university. gall john, (weinmann & gall) res. north fifth, cor. pontiac. gallagher patrick, laborer, res. cor. pontiac and fourth. gallt mrs. phceba, seamstress, res. e. s. church, opp. college. gallt miss sarah, seamstress, res. e. s. church, opp. college. ganson mrs. j. a., dress and cloak maker, n. w. cor. main and washington, up stairs. chapin's ann abbob [q] citt dibectoby. gilbert erastus m., (g. a. gilbert & co.) res. north division. gilbach philip, laborer, res. south end fourth. gilbert g-eo. a. & co., (geo. a. gilbert, erastus m. gilbert and william b everest) merchant tailors, dealers in clothing, gent's fur- nishing goods, etc., south main. gilbert george a., (g. a. gilbert & co.) res. n. w. cor. state and bowery. gilbert norman m., res. n. w. cor. state and bowery. giles miss ann, res. e. s. thayer, bet. washington and north university ave. giles louisa, wks. dr. chase's book bindery, bds. s. s. fuller. giles orson s., tanner, wks. weil & bros., res. s. s. fuller. gi es robert d., bds. s. s. fuller. gillespie, rev. george d., pastor st. andrew's (episcopal) church, res. east huron. gilmore & fisk, (lewis b. gil more and isaac r. fisk) booksellers and sta ioners, gregory block, north main. gilmore lewis b., (giimore & fisk) bds. gregory house. ginder john, cabinet nikr., works john keck & co. glasier roberj b., farmer, res. cor. washtenaw and forest hill aves. glatzel albert, tailor, wks. m. guiterman & co.'s, res. south second. glennan miss mary, dress and cloak maker, n. e. cor. detroit and catharine. godfrey david, res. n. s. huron, west of first. godfrey mrs. phceba ann, res. w. s. denton, bet. south uni- versity and monroe. goetz john r., saloon, detroit, res. same. goetz john, eating saloon, at railroad depot, res. north division. golitc ernst, painter, wks. f. sorg, res. s. s. liberty, near first. chapin's ann abbob [q] city dibbctoby. goodale mrs. l. c, boarding house, north fifth. goodale solomon d., fruit packer, res. north fifth. goodell roswell, (mcmahon & goodell) res. north state. goodell solomon d., agt. kalamazoo show case factory, res. north fifth. goodhue dallas, mason, bds. s. w. cor. catharine and first. goodhue george w., teamster and contractor, res. thompson. goodrich cornelius, hardware store, detroit, res. s. state. goodrich merchant h., res. s. s. ann, bet . fourth and fifth. goodspeed abigail c, res. w. s. s. thayer, bet. s. university and monroe. goose rudolph, shoemaker, wks. e. vandewaker's, res. liberty. gordon edward, elk. e. a. hyde, res. n. s. ann, bet. state and division. gordon william f. machinist, res. north fifth. gore thomas, laborer, bds. north main. gokter john, wks. weil & bro's tannery. gott james b., lawyer, and firm henion & gott, office s. e. ccr. huron and fourth, res. south division. gott john n., attorney at law, claim and ins. agt., office s. e. cor. huron and fourth, res. south fifth. gould john m., grocer, n. s. ann, opp. court house, res. same. goulet louis x., foreman job rooms dr. chase's steam printing house, res. west catharine st. gower cornelius a., law student and teacher in union school, res. s. w. cor. observatory and volland. gower cornelius n., lumberman, res. s. w. cor. observatory and volland. grady john, laborer, res. s. s. river st. granger bradley f., attorney ar law, south main, res. s. e. cor. first and huron. granger george s., lawyer, res. s. s. forest hill ave. chapin's ann aebor [g] city dibectoby. grant claudius b., postmaster (felch & grant) res. n. s. north st., opp. ingalls. grant schuyler, teller first national bank, res. n. s. washte- naw ave., cor. volland. graves frederick, cooper, wks. spafford & dodsley, res. s. s. liberty, bet. w. fourth and w. fifth. graves william, blacksmith, res. east end maiden lane. green anna b., wks. dr. chase's bindery, bds. spring. green byron, prop'r ann arbor hotel, s. s. huron, bet. main and second. greene william w., m. d., prof, of civil and military surgery in mich. university. greenman mrs. catherine, res. wall. greenman jackson, turner, res. wall. gregg morris s., elk., m. c. freight depot, res. s. e. cor. foun- tain and hiscock. gregor markus, elk. c. fantle, bds. south main. gregory alonzo a., res. n. e. cor. spring and hiscock. gregory charles s., supt. ann arbor trading association, res. dexter, bds. cook's hotel. gregory house, edgar m. gregory, propr., n. w. cor. main and huron. gregory sam. r, builder, res. s. s. bowery. grenville & fuller, (george grenville and john t. fuller) drugs and medi- cines, paints and oils, south main. grenville george (grenville & fuller) res. wash- ington. grenville george h., elk., res. south main, up stairs. grenville thomas b., elk., bds. washington. gretsinger john, mason, res. s. e. cor. liberty and west fourth. grieb charles f., elk. wm. wagner, bds. same. griffin john, tailor, wks. m. o'rourk's, bds. same. grisson dr., samuel, res. jefferson. chapin's axx aebor [h] city dibectory. hahn frederick l., insurance agent, res. south fourth. hahnele martin, wks. miller & reyer, bds. diehl's hotel. hahnle michael, blacksmith, wks. ch. schumacher, bds. schneider. hahnle michael, blacksmith, wks. ch. schumacher, res. n. s. washington, bet. first and second. hahs gottlieb, tailor, wks. m. guiterman & co. haines mrs. e. a., millinery rooms, south main, res. same. halbert s., gas fitter. halbich christian, wks. weill & bros', tannery, res. cor. w. second and w. jefferson. hall lorenzo d., merchant, store in augusta, mich., res. liberty. haley john, laborer, res. north fourth. hall augustus r, baker and grocer, north main, res. north state, cor. bowery. hall e. f., groceries, provisions, crockery, etc, north side ann, opp. court house, res. north main, cor. north. hall frederick b., baker, wks. a. r. hall's, res. n. main. hall ichabod n., photographer, exchange block. hall lavelette, painter, res. north main. haller george, carpenter, res. n. w. corner denton and monroe. haller george, watchmaker, wks. east huron, bds. same. haller jacob, watchmaker and jeweler, east huron, res. same. hallock john t., joiner, res. cor. east and north university aves. hamlin mrs. sophia, res. south fourth. hammond albert r, carpenter, res.^ n. s. washtenaw ave., nr. forest ave. hammon amriah, miller, wks. swift & deubel, res. broad- way. hample charles, currier, wks. weil & bros., res. s. s. miller ave. chapik's ann aeboe [h] city dirbctoby. hartwell john w., res. s. s. huron, -west of first . hatch charles, physician, office broadway, bds. north division. hatch william a., harness maker, wks. chas. spoor, res. william. hatch william a., salesman c. h. millen's, bds. william. haupt john, carpenter, res. main. haupt john, wagon maker, res. cor. fourth and liberty. hauser caroline, wash woman, broadway. hauser john, blacksmith, wks. lawson, wurster & ellis, res. broadway. haven rev. erastus o., president university of michigan, res. n. s. south univer- sity ave. haviland & rhodes (t. a. haviland and l. f. rhodes) machine and blacksmith shop, and wall. haviland tertulus a., (haviland & rhodes) res. s. s. river st. hawkesworth joshua, currier, wks. weil & bros., res. w. s. first, bet. huron and washington. hawkins abram, m. union express messenger, res. n. e. cor. fourth and liberty. hawkins olney, lawyer, office s. e. cor. fourth and ann, res. s. s. miller ave. hayden william, laborer, res. n. s. geddes ave. haylow michael j., currier, wks. weil & bros., res. s. s. liberty, near west sixth. , haynes peter, painter, res. n. w. cor. catharine and fifth. healy alonzo, carpenter, res. s. w. cor. catherine and second. hedges stephen, carpenter, res. s. e. cor. denton and monroe. heinrich gotlieb, wks. western brewery, res. w. s. west third, bet. william and jefferson. heinrich john, propr. kossuth house, s. w. cor. pontiac and summit. heinzman christopher, elk. rayer & laubengayer, bds. east washington. heinzman jacob, tannery, s. w. cor. william and west third, helj eugene, laborer, res. e. s. brown. chapin's a tk arbor [ ] city dirbctoby. hemingway james, res. e. s. church, bet. orleans and wash- tenaw ave. hemingway john m., carpenter, res. e. s. church, bet. orleans and washtenaw ave. henderson frank, clerk, john s. henderson, bds. south main. henderson john s., dealer in groceries and provisions, south main, res. south main. henderson joseph, blacksmith shop, north fourth, res. maynard. henderson lizzie, wks. dr. chase's bindery, bds. mrs. dal- ton's, fountain st. hendrick gotleib, wks., western brewery, res. w. s. west third. hendrickson samuel, (bell <fc hendrickson) res. thompson. hendryx truman c, med., student, res. s. university ave. henion & gott, (samuel n. heuion and james b. gott), dry goods, car- pets and oil cloths, s. e. cor. main and huron. henion aaron b., (west (s^henion) res. w. s. south main opp. huron ave. henion george h., elk. henion & gott, bds. south main. henion henry, farmer, res. south end west second. henion herbert, elk. henion & gott, bds. w. s. main, opp. huron ave. j henion lauren, clerk, bach & abel, bds. w. s. main, opp. huron ave. henion mrs. rebecca, res. w. s. main, opp. huron ave. henion samuel n., (henion & gott), res. liberty. henne george, currier, wks. weil & bros., re&. s. s. liberty, near west seventh. henne john f., shoemaker, wks. noble, rider & moore, res. s. s. liberty,bet. w. fourth and w. fifth. henning & wood, (david henning and wood), fruit packers, cor. detroit and fifth. henning miss amanda, teacher, first ward school, bds. east huron. chapin's ann arbor [h] city directory. henning david, manufr. staves and barrels, at belleville, res. liberty. henriques emanuel, res. n. e. cor. division and bowery. hepfer jacob, tinsmith, wks. pease & fleming, res. n. side west huron. herz august, groceries and provisions, broadway, res. wall. herzer rev. gustavus, pastorgerman methodist church, res. south division. hewitt thomas l., dealer in groceries, produce, fish and confectionery, n. & cor. main and ann, res. east university, bet . college and orleans. heydlauff william, tanner, wks. c. duttenhofer, bds. same. hicks samuel, res. wall. hicks wesley, mason, res. wall. higginson george, carpenter, res. . s. fuller, near state. hill george d., fanner, propr. flouring mill, broadway, res. s. s. hill st., cor. grove. hill george w., with sommer & darragh, res. s. s. hill st, cor. grove. hill henry, mason, res. north fourth. hill thomas f., (richmond, chapin & co., detroit) res. s. w. cor. liberty and south fourth. hill wagon maker, bds. north fourth. hiller andrew, carpenter, res. w. s. west seventh. hilton & elsey (wm. hilton and levi elsey) builders, rear miller & rayer's planing mill, detroit st . hilton william, builder (hilton & elsey) res. n. s. geddea ave., nr. washtenaw. himes george k., carpenter, res. broadway, up stairs. hinch william, porter, gregory house. hinkinsmrs. margaret, wid., res. north main. hirth frederick, tanner, wks. henry krauss, res. w. s. west second, nr. william. hiscouk daniel, farmer, re?. north main. chapin's ann aeboe [h] city directory. hoban mrs. ellen, res. n. w. cor. second and ann. hoban thomas, elk. tuite & duffy. hobert arthur s., elk. dean & co.'s, bds. gregory house. hoffstetter christian, mason, res. n. s. liberty, near west fourth. hoffstetter jacob, harness maker, wks. bliss & vetter, bds. liberty. hoffstetter john dealer in groceries and provisions, flour and feed, washington, res. same. hogan dennis, res. n. w. cor. south main and mosely. holden solomon c, res. bet . n. university ave. and old cemetery. holden mrs., res. washington. holder charles, laborer, res. north end second. holliday charles, teamster, res. north end mill st . hollister mrs. anna, res. maynard. holman orin, laborer, res. e. s. observatory. holmes alfred h., express and baggage wagon, res. s. e. cor. ingalls and ann. holmes william d., dealer in pictures, frames, mouldings, glass, etc., east huron, res. s. e. cor. huron and thayer. holmes sidney t., dealer in musical instruments and books, east huron, bds. s. e. cor. huron and thayer. honses adam, inanufr. cappillaire, huron st., opp. greg- ory house. hooker james s., mason, res. s. w. cor. washtenaw and for- est aves. hooper charles h., with f. b. hooper, ann arbor brewery, bds. e. s. thayer, bet. washington and n. university ave_ hooper frederick b., propr. ann arbor brewery, n. w. cor. state and fuller, bds. e. s. thayer, bet. washington and north university ave. hooper r., res. north state. horan miss eliza, ladies' hair work, res. n. e. cor. detroit and catharine. chapin's ann abboe [tt] city dieectoby. horn & rowe, (charles a. horn and wilber f. rowe) tobac- conists, east huron. horn charles a., (horn & rowe) res. north state. horn frederick a., res. north state. hosford mrs. eliza a, tailoress, res. s. w. cor. catherine and second. hosford william, elk., cook's hotel. hoskins thomas j., constable, res. north main. hotchkins thomas, carpenter, res. n. e. end broadway. hotchkins wright, carpenter, res. n. e. end broadway. house samuel, farmer, n. e. end broadway. howard franklin, (finnegan & howard), res. cor. detroit and catherine. howard mrs. mary, res. n. s. ann, east of ingalls. howard matthew, gardener, res. n. s. high st. howard robert, janitor, law building, res. e. s. denton bet monroe and huron ave. howe harlow h., boarding house, washington. howell albert j., agt. wheeler and wilson sewing machines, gregory block, bds. north main. howiey mrs., res. w. s. pitcher. , huettmrs. dr., res broadway. huhn mrs., res. south main. hu bert william, res. south state. hull george l., res. thompson. hull mrs. jerusha, wid., tailoress, res. w. s. ingalls, bet.,wash. ington and north university ave. hulme george, foundry, broadway, near river, res. same. hunt alfred h., res. north state, cor. ann. hunt john w., dealer in hardware, cutlery, iron, nails, glass, etc., south main, bds. gregory house. huss george, boot and shoe shop, n. s. liberty, bet. main and second, res. south fifth. hutchins thomas j. auctioneer, bds ann arbor hotel. hutchinson mrs. e. c, res. n. s. jefferson, bet. maynard and state. chapdf's ann abbob citt diebctoby. keegan john, farmer, res. lincoln st. keeler george w., blacksmith shop, w. s. fountain, res. same. keenan miss mattie t., millinery rooms, north main, res. same. keeney mrs. pledis, res. with h. h. warner, south main. kciser christian, wagon maker, wks. f. ziegler, bds. s. e. cor. washington and second. keiser mrs. hannah, res. south main. keiser jacob, blacksmith, wks. c. schumacher, bds. same. kelley & teufel, (charles s. kelley and antone teufel,) har- ness makers, n. e. cor. main and washington, up stairs. kelley mrs. adaline, res. s. e. cor. thayer and monroe. kelly brock g., tinsmith, wks. l. c. risdon, bds. s. w. cor. catherine and first. kelley charles s., (kelley & teufel,) bds. cook's hotel. kelley charles, harness maker, bds. north main. kelley daniel r., book-keeper, finnegan & howard, res. n. s. catherine, near baptist church. kelley george b., elk.. wines & worden, res. s. division. kelly john, tailor, shop and res. broadway. kelley, . a., dry goods and groceries, east huron, res. s. s. geddes ave. kelley mrs. oliver, res. south division. kellogg mrs. a. e., res. n. s. ann, bet . fifth and division. kellogg daniel b., physician, office and residence brown st. kellogg dorr, book-keeper, l. c. risdon's, res. s. s. bowery. kellogg miss frank, teacher fifth ward school, bds. pon- iac, north. kellogg george b., elk. wiues & worden's, res. — division. kellogg henry w., carpenter, res. pontiac, north. kemp joseph, custom house officer, res. s. s. bowery, near division. kemp joe b., elk. cook's hotel. kemper & diehl, (adolph kemper and christian diehl,) hats, caps, furs and furnishing goods, boots and shoes, south main. chapik's axn aebor []£] city directory. kemper adolph, (kemper & diehl,) res. north fifth. kempf john, butcher, wks. g. f. gwinner, bds. east washington. kempe mrs. kate, res. south second. kennedy patrick, carpenter, res. w. s. second, bet. catherine and north. kennedy william, tinsmith, wks. l. c. risdon, bds. — fourth. kennenberg frederick, laborer, res. cor. high and grove. kern george, lab., bds. s. s. washington, bet. main and second. kettner john, restaurant, east washington, res. same. ketz jacob, laborer, res. south end fourth. keyes daniel p., mannfr. stump machines, res. s. s. jefferson, bet. fifth and division. kiebler michael, mason, res. north end main. kierstead daniel, dealer in hats, caps, furs, and gents' furnishing goods, north main, also manufr. slat window curtains, north fifth, res. same. kierstead william l, hats, caps, furs, and gents' furnishing goods, north main, res. north fifth. kiley, joseph, laborer, res. s. w. cor. state and fuller. killington thomas, shoemaker, wks. a. m. doty's. king abraham h., carpenter, res. thompson. king john r, blacksmith shop, s. s. catherine, bet. fourth and fifth, res. west end hiscock st . king zina p., attorney at law, gen'l fire, life and accident ins. and real estate agt., south main, res. n. w. cor. jefferson and thompson. kingsley & morgan, (james kingsley, elijah w. mor- gan,) attorneys at law, east side public square. kingsley james, lawyer, e. s. fourth, opp. court house, res. n. s. bowery, near state. kinne edward d., (palmer & kinne,) res. south fifth, cor. huron. kinney miss ellen, wks. linkx's hoop skirt factory, bds. catherine, west. chapin's ann aebor [l] citt dikectoby. lantz william, laborer, res. s. s. liberty, near first. lathrop edgar p., carriage manufr., res. s. w. cor. fifth and william. latimer l. & son, (lester and charles e.) ice dealers, lower town. latimer charles e., (l. latimer & son,) res. n. w. cor. wash- tenaw and cedar. latimer lester, (l. latimer & son,) res. n. w. cor. washte- naw and cedar. latson william, res. maynard. laubengayer gottlob, agriculture implements, n. s. liberty, bet. main and second, res. same. laubengayer jacob, (rayer & laubengayer) bds. cook's hotel. lawrence edwin, circuit judge, res. n. e. cor. divi- sion and north. lawrence john f., law student, res. n. e. cor. division and north. lawrence william f., carpenter, res. s. s. forest hill ave. lawson, wurster & ellis, (joseph w. lawson, frederick wurster and joseph j. ellis) carriage and wagon making and blacksmithing, and north fourth. lawson joseph w.. (lawson, wurster & ellis) res. south fifth. leach miss fannie, res. e. s. thayer, bet. washington and north university ave. leavenworth edward, miller, res. south division. leedy mrs lucy e., res. s. w. cor. felch and fountain. lemon rev. joseph c, (baptist) res. s. e. cor. east university ave. and orleans. lennon john, mason, res. n. e. end broadway. leonard mrs. adelaide, res. s. s. fuller. leonard chauncey, farmer, res. s. e. cor. huron ave. and grove. leonard emerson a., wks. dr. chase's bindery, bds. cor. state and huron ave. chapin's axn abbor [l] city dibectory. leonard robert p., res. south fourth. leonard william, wks. dr. chase's bindery, bds. cor. state and huron ave. leonard william, shoemaker, res. north main. leonhard christian, res. south fourth. leseur erastus, ann arbor and howell stage line, res. broadway. lesuer mark, res. broadway. lesuer william, hack-driver, robinson & baxter. levan eklridge, elk. wines & worden, res. ann. levan d., w'th wines & worden, bds. gregory house. lewis mrs. eliza, res. n. s. miller ave. lewis john, farmer, bds. cook's hotel. lewis frank j., res. n. s. miller ave. lewis john m., sawyer, wks. patridge & whitney, res. s. w. cor. huron ave. and grove. linkx louis, millinery, hoop skirts and corsets, north main, res. n. w. cor. catherine and second. little john p., carpenter, res. w. s. church, nr. washtenaw ave. littlefield josiah, student, res. s. e. cor. washtenaw ave. and church. littlefield mrs. mary, res. s. e. cor. washtenaw ave. and church. livingston isaac, bds. n. s. ann, bet. state and division. lockland mrs. mary, res. s. e. cor. fifth and packard. lo'jkwood sarah, wks. dr. chase's bindery, res. broadway. lodholz gottlieb, bakery, broadway, res. same. loeb a. & c. & co., (alexander and cauffman loeb and bernard rose) deal- ers in clothing and furnishing goods, east huron. loeb alexander, (a. & c. loeb & co.) res. cleveland, ohio. loeb cauffman, (a. & c. loeb & co.) res. cleveland, ohio. logan erasmus, turn-key, county jail. long frederick, laborer, res. w. s. grove. chapiif's ann aeb e [l] city dikectoey. long aaron, cigar maker, wks. horn & rowe, bds. gregory house. long george, carpenter, bds. north main. long ralph, laborer, res. s. s. catherine, near observ.atory. long william, carpenter, res. north main. loomis george l., elk. j. s. henderson, res. s. s. catherine, bet . fifth and division. loomis william l., farmer, res. n. s. ann, bet . fifth and divi- sion. loring barnes, res. spring. louis john, wks. patridge, mallory & laffrey's, bds. north main. loux mrs. mary, res. washington. lovejoy william a., am. express messenger, res. maiden lane. loveland john w., patent right dealer, res. broadway. lovell edward c, student, res. n. w. cor. jefferson and thompson. lovell vincent s., student, res. n. w. cor. jefferson and thomp- son. lowery william h., cooper, res. s. s. depot. lucas franklin s., [shoemaker, wks. noble, rider and moore, res. fountain, bet miller ave. and felch. lucas james h., col., laborer, res. cor. pontiac and fifth. lucas morris, (storey & lucas) col., barber, bds. w. s. north main, bet. catherine and ann. ludlow charles h., elk. wines & worden, bds. on fourth. lutz george, carpenter, res. w. s. west second, near jefferson. lutz george f., groceries and provisions, and saloon, south main, res. same. lutz george f., jr., elk. south main. lutz loomis, harness maker, wks. adam schaeberle, res. s. s. liberty, near west sixth. lutz philip, wks. western brewery, bds. on liberty. lutz philip, tailor, res. e. s. west third, near jefferson. chapin's ann aeboe [m] c ty directory. lymbnmer william, res. w. s. ingalls, bet. washington and north university ave. lyon mason r, physician, bds. a. e. cor. thayer and monroe. mccarty william, laborer, res. n. w. cor. ingalls and ann. mccaughey samuel, farmer, res. thompson. mccollum albert d., moulder, wks. tripp, ailes & price, res. pontiac, north. mccollum david t., justice of the peace, book-keeper and conveyancer, office exchange block, res. pontiac, north. mccollum henry c, bds. pontiac, north. mccollum mrs. john, res. catherine, west . mccollum malcom, res. catherine, west. mccollum thomas b., bds. pontiac, north. mccormick george w., res. south division. mccourt mrs. rose, wid., res. north main. mccracken mrs. lucinda, res. broadway. mccracken robert g., printer, wks. argus office, res. broadway. mccracken william, wks. tomlinson & jaynes, res. broad- way. mccracken william, printer, wks. argus office, bds. broad- way. mccreery william, res. south fourth. mccunning patrick, lawyer, res. south second. mcdivitt margaret, skirt maker, wks. s. l. stevens, bds. grove st . mcdivitt sarah, wks. dr. chase's bindery, bds. grove st. mcdowell alexander, laborer, res. e. s. observatory. mcelcheran addison, book-keeper, c. h. milieu's, res. washington. mcfadden george m., carpenter, res. s. s. miller ave. mcgowan j. h., law student, res. south state. mcgrair miles, butcher, res. north main. mcguire hugh, mason, res. north main. chapin's ann abboe [m] city dibectoby. mack christian, insurance agent, (firm mack & schmid) res. south fourth. macy mrs. emma, wid., res. william. mager adam, mason, res. traver. mallory william h., architect and builder, office east huron, up stairs, res. s. s. jefferson, near cor. state. maloy ellen, tailoress, wks. m. o'rourk's. maloy james, res. n. w. cor. miller ave. and fountain. manly charles, elk. co. register's office, res. n. e. end broad- way. manley seth, res. n. e. end broadway. mann emanuel, (eberbach & co.) res. south divi- sion, cor. liberty. mann gustavus t., res. n. s. huron, west of first . mann henry j., elk., bds. south division. mann j. henry, elk. mack & schmid, bds. cor. sixth and liberty. manock samuel, laborer, res. e. s. denton, bet. monroe and huron ave. markham augustine h., farmer, res. w. s. main, opp. huron ave. markham , res. south main. markle john c, laborer, res. south end division. marks moses, col., ditcher, res. north main. maroney john, laborer, res. north main. maroney thomas, mason, res. south division. marshall james e., foreman dr. chase's book bindery, bds. north main. marshall george, carpenter, bds. north main. martin mrs. ellen, boarding house, north fourth. martin elton t., med. student, res. s. s. packard, bet. fifth and division. martin james, laborer, res. cor. main and depot. martin michael, yardman, m. c. r. r. depot. martin oliver m., with john eeck & co., res. liberty. mason edward, lab., res. north main, up stairs. « chapin's ann aebor [m] city dieectoby. meyer & allber, (simon meyer and frederick allber,) wagon and blacksmith shop, junction detroit and state. meyer daniel, carpenter, res. w. s. fifth, bet . packard and south madison. meyer frederick, laborer, res. mill. meyer gottleib, wks. weil & bros.' tannery. michigan argus, published weekly, office s. w. cor. main and huron. michigan state news, weekly, office, south main. michigan university magazine, monthly. milber hermann, cooper, wks. spafford & dodsley. miley george, mason, res. n. s. forest hill ave. miley louis, laborer, wks. wines & douglas. millard mrs. elizabeth, res. n. s. washington, bet. first and second. millen charles s., salesman, c. h. millen, bds. cor. wash- tenaw and huron aves. millen chatjncey h., u. s. collector of internal revenue, dealer in dry goods and groceries, south main, res. junction washtenaw and huron aves. millen daniel s., soap factory, north end state, res. pontiac, north. millen mrs. jane, res. n. w. cor. thayer and catherine. miller & reyer, (john g. miller and john reyer,) bending, turning and planing factory, w. s. detroit, bet . summit and north. miller & webster, (john f. miller and stephen m. webster,) bankers, s. s. west huron, near main. miller andrew, tanner and boarding house, detroit st. miller frederick, cooper, res. north fifth. miller george, pump maker, res. north fifth. miller george w., elk. j. f. miller & co., bds. miller ave. miller henry, cooper, res. north fourth. miller john, laborer, res. cor. brown and elm. cuapin's anit akboe [m] city directory. miller john p. & co., (john f. miller and stephen m. webster,) booksellers and stationers, gregory block. miller john f., (j. f. miller & co., and miller & web- ster,) res. s. s. miller ave., opp. fountain. miller john g., (miller & reyer,) res. adjoining factory, de- troit st. miller mrs. lucy, wid., res. n. s. volland, near observatory. miller magalena, res. s. s. liberty, near west third. miller nelson f., carpenter, wks. wines & douglas, res. s. e. cor. main and packard. miller mrs. silena, tailoress, res. w. s. ingalls, bet. washington and north university ave. mills a. p. & co., (addison p. mills, nehemiah p. parsons and george w. cropsey,) dealers in stock and store sheep, wool and produce, office, north main. millfl addison p., (a. p. mills & co.,) res. spring. mills lorrin, tailor, north main, up stairs, res. n. s. west huron. minnie charles, foreman b. f. rice's, res. s. e. cor. main and packard. minnis homer, shoemaker, wks. a. m. doty's, res. n. s. high, near spring. minnis jerome, shoemaker, wks. a. m. doty's, res. south division. minnis paul, salesman, b. f. rice's, res. south division. mitchell mrs. lucy e., res. w. s. thayer, bet. washington and north university aves. mogk august, shoemaker, res. s. e. cor. liberty and w. fifth. mogk george, shoemaker, res. aud shop, e. s. main, bet. wil- liam and packard. mogk george c, beer and refreshment saloon, north side liberty, bet . main and second, res. same. monahan james, puller, wks. weil & bros.' tannery, res. n. e. cor. fountain and cherry. chapitf's ann abbor [m] city directoby. moore alanson, (noble, rider & moore,) res. s. s. catherine, bet. state and thayer. moore eli w., (l. moore & son,) res. traver. moore george e., drayman, res. adjoining county fair grounds, huron ave. moore george w., book-keeper, bach & abel, res. south main. moore l. & son, (lewis and eli w.,) manufrs. agricultural implements, broadway, near river. moors lewis, (l. moore & son,) res. ypsilantl moore loren, res. south fifth. moore roswell, res. n. e. cor. main and packard. moore stephen, mason, res. broadway. moran john, brick yard, mosely st., res. s. s. huron are., near main. morgan elijah w., lawyer, office, e. s. fourth, opposite court house, res. east huron, cor. fifth. morgan miss j. a, dress and cloak mkr., east huron, up- stairs, res. same. morris samuel w., tailor, res. south end west second. morrison barnet, laborer, res. e. s. pontiac, near gas works. morrison john g., carpenter, res. n. e. cor. fifth and packard. morse mrs. honorah, res. s. w. cor. catherine and thayer. morton william, farmer, res. s. s. washtenaw ave., bet . forest ave. and church. morwick james, builder, res. washington. mosher horton g., carpenter, res. spring. mott john c, elk. wilder & warner, res. e. s. thayer, bet. washington and north university ave. motzer john, carpenter, res. south second. mount barclay, mason, res. east huron. muehlig- florian, undertaker, manufacturer and dealer in furniture, south main, res. south main. muehlig florian, jr., elk. f. muchlig, bds. south main. muehlig wm., wks. ann arbor brewery, bds. kossuth house. chapin's atfn abbob [p] city directoby. o'kane james j., elk. john clancy, bds. same. o'keef john, wks. c. sutherland & co., res. s. w. cor. thayer and lawrence. o'keefe patrick, lab., res. traver. olcott austin, wks. swift & duebel's mills, bds. north state. olcott chauncey, carpenter, res. s. s. river st. olney edward, professor mathematics in university of michi- igan, bds. ann. olney warren, law student, res. w. s. fifth, bet. washington and liberty. o'neil james, boarding house, foot detroit st. o'neil james, teamster, bds north main. merchant tailor, south main, up-stairs, res. w s. west seventh. osiander emil, res. south main. osterlin eugene, wks. weil & bro.'s tannery. o'toole lawrence, sen., boarding house, e. s. ingalls, between washington and north university ave. o'toole lawrence, jr., student, res. e. s. ingalls, bet. washing- ton and north university ave. o'toole michael, laborer, res. e. s. observatory. o'toole p. w., office s. w. cor. main and huron, res. east end washington. overall joseph, colorer, wks. weil & bro.'stannery, bds. e. s main, bet. catherine and ann. owen samuel, drayman, res. s. s. fuller, near pitcher. pack clarkson l., shoemaker, wks. noble, rider «fc moore, res. ingalls, bet. catherine and bowery. pack morris, shoemaker, wks. noble, rider & moore, res. e. s. first bet. catherine and ann. pack mrs., res. w. s. ingalls, bet. catherine and lawrence. pack viola b., elk. post office, bds. thayer st. palmer alonzo b., physician and prof, in universi y, office east huron, res. south fifth. o'rourk maurice, chapin's ann aenoe [p] citv directoby. palmer & kinne, (olney hawkins, wm, s.palnier and edward d. kinne) attorneys at law, office s. e. cor. ann and fourth. palmer emery, med. student, res. east university, bet. college and washtenaw ave. palmer george w., mason, res. cor. north main and lincoln. palmer russell dy portrait painter and photographer, east hnron, res. washington, bet. ingalls and thayer. palmer william s., (palmer & kinne,) bds, gregory house. palmerter & steele, (nathaniel c. palmerter and ebeuezer steele,) boots and shoes, east huron. palmerter nathaniel c, (palmerter & steele,) res. ypsil'ii road. pardon edward, tailor, res. s. s. high, near spring. parker & hill, (f. l. parker and george d. hill), at- torneys at law, real estate add insurance agts., exchange block, north main. parker franklin l., lawyer,'res. north fifth. parker n. augustus, law student, res. n. w. cor. lawrence and thayer. parker william, currier, wks. weil & bros., bds s. w. cor. catherine and first. parquet peter, wks. j. a. polhemus & son, res. north main. parr, med. student, res. william. • parsons aaron jr., telegraph operator, east huron. parsons a. c, president ann arbor business college, res. north university ave., bet. washtenaw ave. and ingalls. parsons nehemiah p., (a. p. mills & co.) res. spring. parsons william f., principal ann arbor business college, res. north university, bet. washtenaw ave. and ingalls. patridge, mallory & laffrey (alfred h. patridge, wm. h. mallory and anthony laffrey), builders, manufacturers sash, doors and blinds, also, fork, shovel, rake and hoe handles, etc., s. w. cor. fifth and depot streets. chapin's ann abboe [p] city directory. patridge & whitney, f . ( patridge and martin l. whitney,) saw-mill and wood dealers, s. w. cor. huron ave. and grove. patridge alfred h., (patridge, mallory & laffrey,) res. pontiac, north. patterson thomas, joiner, res. w. s. morgan, bet. monroe and huron ave. patton mrs. william, res. cor. east and north university aves. paul henry, cigar maker, wks. kauffman & rosbach, bds. buchoz's block, detroit st. paul henry, res. spring. paul william, teamster, res. s. w. cor. orleans and forest ave. pease & fleming (galusha j. pease and edward fleming,) hardware, stoves and tin-ware, south main. pease franklin, carpenter, res. n. e. s. packard, bet . fifth and division. pease galusha j., (pease & fleming) bds. — washington. peek jerry, bds. north main. peek mrs. sarah, res. w. s. fifth, bet. washington and liberty. pelton harvey, cooper, wksi spafford & dodsley, res. n. e. cor. main and pontiac. peninsular courler and family visitant, weekly, a. w. chase, m. d., publisher and proprietor, north main, cor. catherine. penoyer isaac, mill-wright, broadway, shop foot detroit st. perkins , auctioneer, bds. e. masten's n. s. bowery. perry shields, laborer, res. traver. pfafi' & hanby ("fred, and charley,") restaurant, wash- ington, res. same. pfeiflee george, shoemaker, wks. noble, rider and moore. pfeile george j. shoemaker, wks. b. f. rice, res. spring. pfeifle philip, wks. western brewery, bds. first st . pfisterer john, tinsmith, wks. wilder & warner's, bds.— main. phelps sidney p., med. student, res. n. e. north, bet. ingalls and thayer. philbrick p. h., student, res. e. s. east university ave., bet. willard and huron ave. chapin'b ann aeb e [p] city dieectoby. pickett david, wks. ann arbor brewery, res. near cor. state and fuller. pickett peter, wks. polhemus & son's livery, res. north main. pierce nathan h., city marshal, res. pontiac, north. pierson mrs. i. s., res. at l. mills', west huron. pignall rev. james, (baptist), res. n. w. cor. orleans and for- est ave. pike james, shoemaker, wks. palmeter & steele, res. liberty. place charles, teamster, res. north main. plimley william, carpenter, bds. n. s. bowery. plum george, wks. krause's tannery, bds. south second. plum john, mason, res. south fifth. prodeneils frederick, laborer, res. s. w. cor. first and william polhemus abram s., wks. j. a. polhemus & son, bds. south fourth. polhemus arthur s., salt manufr. at saginaw, res. north division. polhemus edwin, (j. a. polhemus & son) res. north side west huron. polhemus j. a. & son, (jacob a. and edwin,) livery and sale stables, s. e. cor. main and catherine, also agents for ohio and buckeye reaper and mower. polhemus jacob a., (j. a. polhemus & son,) res. south fourth. pomeroy alfred d., book-keeper, wines & worden, bds. s. s. packard, bet. main and fourth. pomeroy william h., exchange boarding house, north main. pond miss abbie, teacher in union school, res. n. division. pond elihtt b., editor and propr. 'michigan argus, offices, w. cor. main and huron, res. north state, cor. huron. pond george, printer, wks. argus office, res. . n. division. porter byron r., sheriff, res. north main. chapin's ann arbor [q] city dirkceobt. porter charles b., dentist, national bank building, south main, res. s. s. washtenaw ave., cor orleans." porter edward, wool and produce dealer, res. washington. post office, gregory block, huron st. powell john, res. pontiac, north. powers hiram, peddler, res. north end mill. pratt silas, physician, res. broadway. presbyterian church, s. w. cor. huron and division. prescott albert b., m. d., asst. prof. chemistry, etc., in uni- versity, res. south division. prescott mrs. experience, res. south division. preston joseph c, res lincoln st. price joseph g., res. n. s. orleans bet. church & forest ave. price robert j., (tripp, ailes & price,) res. south fifth, cor. liberty. price robert m., currier, wks. weil & bros., res. w. s. first, bet. huron and ann. price simon, farmer, res. head spring st. prindle elias b., elk. l. b. stewart & co., res. south division. pritchet allen, barber, res. s. w. cor first and william. prochnow frederick, tanner, wks. weil & bros., bds. s. w. cor. catherine and first. prudden newton a., fruit dealer, res. north state. pulcipher milo s., ticket agent and telegraph operator, m. c. r. r. res. detroit. pulcipher zera s., carpenter, shop wall, res. broadway. putnam mrs. helen e., monitor boarding house, n. w. corner huron and second. pyke james, shoemaker, res. liberty. pyper mrs. isabella, millinery rooms, south main, res, w. s. south thayer, bet. south university ave. and monroe. pyper mrs. mary, boarding house, w. s. south thayer, bet. south university ave and monroe. quinlan james, mason, res. s. w. cor. river and pitcher. quinn patrick, laborer, res. near old cemetery. chapels ann arbor [r] city directory. quinn patrick w. merchant tailor, north fourth, res. same. quinn thomas, elk., e. f. hall, bds. north fourth. b randall"francis a., carriage*painter, wks. lawson, wurster & ellis, res. n. w. cor. spring and[hiscock. rapalje theodore p., livery stable, rear gregory block, res. south main. raper john m., m. u. express messenger, res. n. w. cor. fourth and william. rayer & laubengayer, (wm. rayer and jacob laubengayer) meat market, east huron. rayer william (rayer & laubengayer) res. east washington, up stairs. reade miss m., teacher in union school, bds. south division. reck stephen, saloon, bucho's block, detroit jst. reed mrs., res. north main. regtez jacob, painter, wks. frederick sorg,^res. n. s. south liberty, opp. west fourth. rehm christopher, laborer, res. e. s. west fourth. reidy thomas,^ laborer, res. w. s. thayer, bet. washington and north university ave. reimold christian, machinist, wks. tripp, ailes & price, bds. n. s. washington, near cor. first. reinhardt john m., boot and shoemaker, south main, res. s. e. cor. fifth and packard. reinhardtjvalentine, laborer, res. cor. brown and elm. renschler frederick, assistant, m. c. t rail shop. rettich frederick, restaurant, east washington, res. washington. reule andrew, tailor, res. east washington, reyer john, propr. city brewery, cor. first and liberty, res. first st. adjoining brewery. . chapin"s ann aeboe [r] citt dibectobt. riley nicholas, tailor, wks. geo. ruel, bds. cor. catherine and pitcher riley patrick, bds. s. w. cor. catherine and first . riley thomas laborer, res. north main. riley timothy, laborer, res. north main. rinchler frederick, blacksmith, wks. railroad shop, res. north fourth. ring frederick, tanner, wks. weil & bros., bds. south second. rinsey & seabolt (david rinsey and moses seabolt) bakers and dealers in grooeries and provisions, east wash ington. rinsey david, (rinsey & seabolt) bds. s. e cor. william and fourth. risdon lewis c, dealer in hardware, south main, res. east huron. ritchart jacob, farmer, res. cor. south main and philip. roath jay, machinist, wks. l. moore & son, res. north roath mrs. p. a., res. north fifth. fifth. roath zachariah, elk. bach & abel, res. north fifth, cor. pontiac. roberts edwin j., res. u. s. ann, bet. state and division. roberts r. m., physician, bds. gregory house. robinson r. & brother, (roswell and horace) meat market, gregory block, west of post office. robinson horace, (r. robinson & bro.) res. n. e. cor. ann and first. robinson philip, res. n. e. cor. first and ann. kobinson roswell, (r. robinson & bro.,) res. n. e. cor. huron and first. robinson stillman w., prof, in university, res. s. e. cor. east university and washtenaw aves. robison & baxter, (ambrose v. robison and charles baxter) omnibus, hack and baggage line, s. s. ann, rear exchange blk. chapin's astn aebor [m] city directory. robison ambrose v. (robison & baxter) res. north fifth, cor. detroit. robison allen, col. laborer, res. north end main. rockwell bryant t., boot and shoemaker, east huron, res. south second. roehm gustave, carpenter, res. south main. rog-ers & treadwell, (moses rogers and edward treadwell) dealers in pitt's threshing machines, mowers and reapers, grain drill?, etc., cor. huron and second. rogers moses, (rogers & treadwell) res. north division, cor. ann. rogers mrs. sylvia, res. east huron, up stairs. rogers mill-wright, res. south end grove. rohm john, puller, wks. weil & bros.' tannery. roler george, shoemaker, wks. j. m. reinhardt, bds. second. roming-er charles, physician and surgeon, office and residenoe south filth. rooney charles, glass-blower, res. washtenaw st. root charles m., res. spring. root erastus, res. spring. root lemuel f., foreman, noble, rider & moore, res. south fourth. root tracy w., attorney at law, notary public and con- veyancer, s. side west huron, bet. main and second, res. east huron. rosbach adam (kauffmann & rosbach) bds. south main. rose bernard (a. & c. loeb & co.) bds. gregory house. rose dr. preston b., prof. chemistry in university, res. s. e. oor. jefferson and maynard. rosenberg john, cabinet and turning shop, n. s. south liberty, nr. west seventh, res. same. rosenberg thomas, cabinet makr., wks. john keck & co. ross william s., carpenter, res. north end thayer. roth mrs. martha j., seamstress, south main, up stairs. rouse adam, cooper, wks. spafford & dodsley. chapln's ann arbor [s] city directory. roth william f., justice of the peace and notary public, office s. c. cor. fourth and ann. roupp david, cabinet mkr., res. e. s. west second, near west jefferson. rowe wilber f., (horn & rowe) res. e. s. thayer, bet. wash- ington and n. university ave. royce mrs. ann b., laundry, res. s. s. ann, near main. royce james f., res. ann. roys alpheus h., wood turning, pattern making and jobbing sliop, s. w. cor. fifth and north, res. cor. west second and west jefferson. ruchberger thomas, cabinet mkr., wks., j. keck & co., res. e. s. west fourth. rudman george, shoemaker, bds. north main. ruel g-eorg-e, merchant tailor, cutting and repairing done to order, south main, res. cor. catherine and pitcher. ruoff frederick, propr. bavaria brewery, n. s., fuller, bet . detroit and state, res. same. rupff george, dye house, south second, res. same. russell , laborer, res. n. s. huron ave., nr. main. ruthrauf samuel, res. wall. ryan catherine, dressmaker and tailorcss, east huron, up stairs. sackett mrs. ii. l., res. east huron. sage james r, teacher of vocal and instrumental musio and agt. for pianos, s. main, res. s. e. cor. thompson and william. sagerdr. abram, prof. in university, res. south state. sager alfred b., student, bds. south state.' sager edward j., elk. mack & schmid, bds. south state. sager frederick, blacksmith, wks. lawson, wurster & ellis bds. n. s. washington, near cor. first. sasrer john g., res. south fourth. b | i chapin's ann ahboe [s] city dieectory. sanci christian, saloon and boarding house, bucboz's block, detroit st. sanford thomas s., res. s. w. cor. main and mosely. samsum william h.', carpenter, res. s. w. cor. denton and monroe. saraw john, shoemaker, bds. n. s. west huron, near first. saraw mckenzie, shoemaker, (saraw &.foster) res. - north main. i saraw & foster, boot and shoe maker?, s. s. huron, between main and second. saunders thorndike p., res. w. huron, near corporotion line. saunders william w., dealer in groceries and provisions, broadway, res. broadway. sawyer john, laborer, res. north fourth. schaeberle adam, harness mkr.,[n. e. cor. liberty and second, i res. same. schaeberle andon, harness mkr., wks. adam schaeberle, bds. n. e. cor. liberty and second. schaeberle henry, harness mkr., wks. a. schaeberle, bds. s. s. washington, bet. main and second. schaeberle john, butcher, wks. g. f. gwinner, res. s. w. cor. liberty and west sixth. schaffer godfrey, elk. mack & schmid. schairer fred., elk. c. h. millen, bds. second. schairer j. g., boot and shoe mkr., res. second. schall christian, painter and paper hanger, res. maiden lane. schall william, barber shop, broadway, bds. maiden lane. scheder charles, butcher, wks. g. f. gwinner, bds. east washington. schermerhorn jacob d., machinist, wks. wines & douglass, res. broadway. schlanderer charles, baker, wks. rinsey & seabolt, res. south main. schlanderer frederick, laborer, res. spring. schlanderer william f., elk. h. schlotterbeck's, res. n. s. west huron. schleck ernst, glue manfr., res. f. s. liberty, near w. seventh. chafhf's ann arbor [s] city directory. schleede frederick, ^book-binder, wks. dr. chase's, res. w. s. second, bet. catherine and north. schleede william, shoemaker, wks. noble, rider & moore, res. spring. schleicher frederick g., elk. slawson & son, bds. n. fifth. schleicher louis, carpenter, res. s. w. s. grove. schleicher mrs. l. w., res. s. w. cor. liberty and w. second. schlemmer george, laborer, res. washington, east. schlotterbeck herman, confectioner, south main, res. east washington. schmid christian, dealer in lumber and shingles, mannfr. sash, doors and blinds, s. w. cor. liberty and fifth, res. e. s. first, bet. washington and liberty. schmid christian, tanner, wks. weil & bros. res. n. e. corner william and first. schmid rev. frederick, pastor german lutheran church, res. south main. schmid frederick, (mack & schmid) res. s. fifth. schmid frederick, elk. mack & schmid, res. n. e. cor. fourth and william. schmid gottlieb, currier, wks. weil & bros. schmid johnson, elk. mack & schmid, res. south main. schmidt john, elk. reyer & laubengayer, bds. west first. schneider john, wagon and blacksmith shop, second, res. same. schnidman daniel, wks. patridge, mallory & laffrey, boards diehl's hotel. schoff nelson m., elk. j. f. miller & co., res. s. division. schoonover jefferson, med. student, res. n. w. cor. church and orleans. schuh emanuel, beer saloon, e. s. fourth, opp. court house, res. same. schuh jacob, (widenmann & schuh) res. s. s. washington, bet. first and second. schuh mrs. mary, res. s. s. washington, bet. first and second. schuh michael, cooper shop, south second, res. same. schram truman, res. maynard. chapin's ann arbor [s] city directory. schrater, adam, cooper, shop and res. e. s. second, bet. cath- erine and ann. schumacher g-hristian, blacksmith shop, south second, res. s. w. cor. second and liberty. schumacher christian, scroll sawyer, wks. patridge, mallory & laffrey, res. south main. schumacher john, tinsmith, wks. l. c. risdon, res. n. s. washington, bet . main and fourth. schumacher mrs. catherine, saloon, second. schuyler randall, freight agt. m. c. r. r, res. broadway. scott alexander c, photographer, with r. d. palmer, res. wall. scott sylvenus a., teamster and wood dealer, s. w. cor. wash- tenaw and forest aves. scovill theodore m., res. william. scovill tunis d., express messenger, res. wall. » seabolt & buell, (jacob seabolt and joshua buell), broom manufrs, maiden lane. seabolt jacob, (seabolt & buell), res. pontiac, north. seabolt martin m., elk. rinsey & seabolt, res. washtenaw street. seabolt moses, (rinsey & seabolt) res. washtenaw st . seaman ezra c, lawyer, res. east huron. searles jasper n., law student, res. n. s. miller ave. second ward school, n. s. west jefferson, bet . west fourth and west fifth. secord matthias, wks. planing mill, res. w. s. detroit, opposite fuller. seeger frederick, blacksmith, wks. lawson, wurster & ellis, bds n. s. washington, near cor. first. seigmund xavier, meat market, buchoz's block, detroit street, res. same. sessions j. q. a, lawyer and insurance agent, south main, res. n. s. bow- ery, near cor. state. chapin's ann arbor [s] city directory. seyler & g-runer, (adam d. seyler and leonard gruner) dealers in boots and shoes, north main. seyler adam d., (scyler & grnner), res. n. e. cor. felch and fountain. shadford john h., miller, wks. g. d. hill, res. broadway. shehan daniel, gas fitter, res. g south division. sheehan mrs. martha, res. north fifth. sheehan patrick, elk. post office, bds. north fifth. sheehan thomas p., tinsmith, wks. pease & fleming, bds. north fifth. shelmire fred. g., elk. j. c. watts & bro. bds. liberty. sherman mrs. sarah, groceries, etc., broadway, res. same. sherwood john, shoemaker, res. s. e. cor. river and pitcher. sherwood william, carpenter, res. near observatory. shorey henry, laborer, res. wall, up-stairs. short edward, farmer, res. e. s. south thayer, bet. monroe and huron ave. shulters lewis, fence builder, m. c. r. r., res. north main. shulters peter, carpenter, res. maiden lane. shultz cabinet maker, res. s. s. miller ave. shultz charles, laborer, res. spring. shutts m. l. & co., (martinus l. shutts and wm. r. davis) merchant tailors and dealers in clothing, south main. shutts jacob, cooper, wks spafibrd & dodsley. shutts martinus l., (m. l. shutts & co.), res. ypsilanti. shutts vinton, elk., m. l. shutts & co., bds. cook's hotel. sickler andrew laborer, res. s. s. huron ave, near main. silk thomas, laborer, ret. north end spring. simmons cyrenus, res. n. w. cor. observatory and volland. simonds james s., barber shop, east huron, res. n. main. sinclair henry h., elk. h. s. buell, bds. cook's hotel. sinclair william m., res. east huron. sinke mrs. anna b., res. cor. south main and philip. sipfle paul, wks. weil and bro.'s tannery. siply j. f. & son, (john f. and henry) meat market, south main. chapdt'a ann arboe [s] city dieeceoby. siply john, (j. f. sipley & son), res. n. s. west huron. siply henry, (j. f. siply & son), res. n. s. west huron. sipperly , carpenter, bds. cook's hotel slacher frederick, elk. slawson & son, bds. north fifth. slaght john, student, res. w. s. denton, bet . south university and monroe. slater john m., tinsmith, wks. wilder & warner, res. junction detroit and division. slawson & son, (luman r. and edward r.), dealers in groceries, provis- ions, crockery, etc., h. e. cor. huron and fourth. slawson edward r, (slawson & son), res. n. fifth. slawson luman l., (slawson & son), res. n. fifth. slingerland, mrs. mary, res. north main. smith albert, merchant tailor and dealer in clothing and fur- nishing goods, south main, res. s. s. west huron, near first. smith andrew j., grocer, north main, res. same. smith mrs. b., res. s. s. packard, bet. fourth and fifth. smith mrs. bridget, res. north fourth. smith mrs. catherine, res. north fourth. smith clark, blacksmith, wks. handy, smith & mclean, bds. s. w. cor. catherine and first. smith mrs. eliza, res. n. w. cor. orleans and church. smith mrs. elizabeth, res. w. s. fifth, bet. washington and liberty. smith rev. george, methodist presiding elder, flint district, res. e. s. state, bet . monroe and hill. smith george, carpenter, bds. n. s. bowery. smith george w. & son, (james o.), boot and shoe makers, north main. smith george w. (geo. w. & son), res. s. s. miller ave. smith henry, col., laborer, res. wall. smith james o., (g. w. smith & son), res. north main. smith miss kate, skirt maker, wks. s. l. stevens. smith miss lizzie, bds. pontiac, north. smith dr. ransom, res. n. s. washtenaw ave. near university. chapin's ann abbob [s] city dibectoby. spafford & dodsley, (oscar c. spafford and henry b. dodsley) wholesale and retail manufrs. of all kinds of cooper work, dealers in apples, cider, potatoes, etc., cor. detroit and fifth. speechly george, shoemaker, wks. noble, rider & moors, res. lincoln st. speechly george g., res. near north end spring. speechly miss georgia, dress maker, east huron, np stairs res. spring st. spence adara k., prof, of the french language and litera. ture in the mich. university, res. n. s. s. university ave. spencer clinton, co. register, res. ypsilanti. spencer edgar h., boarding house, e. s. east university ave., bet. college and washtenaw ave. spencer true w., carpenter, res. broadway. speohr john, blacksmith, res. w. s. west second, nr. jefferson. sperry david, upholsterer, wks. john keck & c,o., res. east huron, cor. state. sperry joseph, res. e. s. detroit, bet. catherine and division. spohr john, blacksmith shop, s. s. liberty, bet. main and second. spoor charles, manufr. saddles, harness, trunks, etc., south main, res. same. spoor mrs. louisa r., boarding, res. n. s. ann, bet. thayer and ingalls. sprague jonathan, sewing machine agt., res. pontiac, north. spring mrs. a., res. s. s. packard, bet. fourth and fifth. stacy alphonzo d., student, res. s. s. huron, bet. ingalls and thayer. stacy scovel c, law student, res. s. s. huron, bet. ingalls and thayer. stafford henry r., barber, wks. east huron, bds. fl south main. stagg francis c, carpenter, res. east university, bet . college and washtenaw ave. stanley felix, boarding house, near old cemetery. chapiif's ann aeboe [t] city dibectoey. ill swathel john t., bds. south division. swartout monroe, elk. w. s. wright, bds. cor. washington and ingalls. swift & deubel (franklin swift and william deubel) proprs. sinclair flouring mill, foot broadway. swift franklin (swift & deubel) res. north state. swift john m., miller, wks. swift & deubel, bds. n. state. swift mrs. rachel, res. north state. tarrant richard, dealer in boots and shoes, south main, bds. south main. tate william, farmer, res. liberty. taylor rev. george, res. 's. w. cor. washington and thayer. taylor jay c, physician, res. broadway. taylor john h., building mover, res. broadway. taylor joseph, carpenter, bds. thomas taylor's, s. thayer. taylor sibley g., lawyer, circuit court commissioner, real estate and ins. agt., south main, res. north division. taylor thomas, carpenter, res. s. e. cor. south university and thayer. taylor thomas, currier, wks. henry krause, res. e. s. thayer, bet . monroe and south univei sity ave. barber shop, under miller & webster's bank, huron, res. north thayer. telegraph office, east huron. ten brook rev. andrew, librarian of university, res. n. s. washtenaw ave., bet. elm and huron ave. terhune enoch, insurance agent, res. north state. terry albert a., mason, res. south division. teufel antone, (kelley & teufel,) res. south main. thayer charles, res. east huron. theurer john, brewer, res. east end hiscock st. thomas alfred, steward, gregory house, res. w. s. fountain, near felch. taylor mrs. ama l., res. william. teats herman, chapin's ann abboe [t] city dieectoey. thompson charles b., dry goods store at marshall, mich., res. washington. thompson clement r., hatter, res. maynard. thompson john, res. state. thompson john l, county clerk, res. north fifth. thompson seth, res. south division. thompson , wks. robison & baxter. thorn , med. student, res. north university ave., bet. washtenaw ave. and ingalls. tibbals william g., fruit dealer, res. north state. tibbals , res. south fourth. tice john, carpenter, res. s. s. hiscock, bet. fountain and spring. tomlinson & jaynes, (sheldon tomlinson and john r. jaynes,) manufrs. all kinds woolen goods, factory on mill st., ad- joining sinclair mill. tomlinson sheldon, (tomlinson & jaynes,) bds. n. w. cor. huron and second. tompkins mrs. orrin b., skirt maker, wks. s. l. stevens. toole lawrence, laborer, res. vine st. torrey edward, farmer, res. north end main. tower loyal, res. w. s. grove, near huron ave. tower samuel l., cooper, wks. spafford & dodsley, bds. north main. townsend mrs., wid., res. e. s. state, opp. madison. trainer patrick, gardner, res. n. w. cor. catherine and fifth. troutwine jacob, cabinet finisher, wks. j. keck & co., bds. south fourth. traver absolom, res. broadway. traver alva, gunsmith, wks. beutler & traver, bds. r. c. traver's, miller ave. traver mrs. j., res. south fifth. traver richard c, (beutler & traver,) res. s. s. miller ave. tray w., laborer, res. s. s. bowery, near state. tread well edward, dealer in agricultural implements of all kinds, monitor building, cor. huron and second, res. foot wall st . chapin's ann aeboe [t] city dieectoby. tuite & duffy, wholesale and retail dealers in teas, coffees, spices, and general groceries. also, constantly on hand, a large and well selected stock of tobacco, cigaks, and pipes. wholesale dealers in liquors, no. east huron street, ann arbor, michigan. *all kinds of country produce purchased at the highest cash figure. peter tuite. edward duffy. tressmer charles, laborer, res. w. s. w. third, nr. jefferson. tripp, ailes & price, (charles tripp, robert k. ailes and robert j. price,) foundry and machine shop, s. s. huron, west of first. tripp charles, (tripp, ailes & price,) res. e. huron. truair john l., carpenter, res. north main, up stairs. truair mrs. l. j., clothing cleaned and repaired, north main, up stairs. tuite & duffy, (peter tuite and edward duffy,) dealers in groceries, to- bacco, cigars and pipes, wholesale and retail, also liquors by the gallon and barrel, east huron. tuite peter, (tuite & duffy,) res. william. tuite william, res. william. turner james, harness marker, wks. charles spoor, res. west liberty. turner miss julia, washing and ironing, res. n. s. liberty, bet . main and second, up stairs. chapin's ann abboe ["w] city directory. warner , wks. rapalje's liverv stable, res. n. fourth. warren charles h. k., carpenter, res. north state. washington horace, laborer, res. north fourth. washtenaw county fair grounds, s. s. huron ave., bet . forest and washtenaw aves. washtenaw mutual fire insurance co., office south main. wasser john, carpenter, wks. h. gregory, res. s. s. north, bet. detroit and division. wasser, thomas, carpenter, wks. wines & douglass, res. s. s. north, near detroit. watkins james b., carpenter, res. liberty. watkins mrs. lottie s., res. e. s. state, bet . madison and monroe. watson james h., joiner, bds. north fifth. watson mrs. mary, res. e. s. east university ave., bet. college and orleans. watts benjamin f., (j. c. watts & bro.) bds. north main. watts j. c. & bro., (joseph c. & benjamin f.,) dealers in watches, jewelry and fancy goods, south main. watts joseph c, (j. c. watts & bro.), res. liberty. way francis, farmer, res. north end mill street . webster david, teller, miller & webster's bank, res. n. s. mil- ler ave., west of fountain. webster james it., elk. j. f. miller & co., res. n. s. catherine, near baptist church. webster orange, express messenger, res. spring st. webster orvill f., harness maker, wks. chas. spoor, res. e. s. thompson, bet. jefferson and madison. webster stephen, sen., res. n. s. ann, bet. state and thayer. webster stephen m., (miller & webster and john f. miller & co.), res. north state, cor. catherine. webster thomas, night watchman, railroad depot. weil aaron, dry goods and variety store, s. w. cor. washington and first, res. same. chapin's ann arbor ["w citt directory. weitbrecht john, cooper, wks. spafford & dodsley. weilzel christian, wagon maker, wks. jonn solineider, res. n. s. william, bet. first and west second. . welch mrs. retta, res. north main. weller john p., res. grove, near huron ave. weller john s., lumber manufacturer, res. grove, near huron ave. wells ebenezer, physician, pres. first national bank, office south main, res. north division. . wells mrs. john, res. north state. wells mrs. manha e., res. s. e. cor. monroe and state. wells millbrd n., student, res. s. e. cor. state and monroe. west & henion, (john west and a. b. hcnion) hats, caps, furs and millinery, east huron. west charles, blacksmith, wks. j. henderson, res. north fourth. west john (west & henion) res. liberty. west john j., shoemaker, wks. palmcrter & steele, res. east end hickory st. west miles, wks. railroad depot, res. n. e. end broadway. west william, blacksmith, wks. j. henderson, res. north fourth. west —, shoemaker, wks. p. brennen. western union telegraph office, east huron. wezel christian, wagon maker, wks. john schneider, res. william, bet first and west second. wheaton miss e. m., dressmaking, east huron, up stairs. whedon benjamin, res. south fourth. whedon william w., (sutherland & whedon) res. south state. wheeler a. e., shoemaker, wks. noble, rider & moore, res. detroit st. wheeler george s., deputy co. treasurer, res. north state. wheeler john m., res. west end huron. wheeler monson, res. south fourth. white mrs. oren, res. wall. chapin's ann aeboe ["w] city dieectoey. "w hite rev. henry s., pastor methodist episcopal church, res. washington. white thomas, sec'y washtenaw mutual fire ins. co., south main, res. grove. whitehead aaron, carpenter, res. e. s. state, het. madison and monroe. whitney martin l., (partridge & whitney,) res. w. s. grove, near huron ave. wicks & mclntyre, (rufus b. wicks and wm. h. mclntyre,) bakers and dealers in groceries and provision, n. s. ann, opp. county offices. wicks rufus b., (wicks & mclntyre,) res. north fourth. widenmann & schuh, (augustus widenman and jacob schuh,) hardware, iron, coal, felloes, hubs and spokes, and south main. widenman augustus, (widenmann & schuh,) res. south fourth. wilcox mrs. lucy, physician, res. s. s. fifth, bet. packard and south madison. wilcoxson james m., lawyer, res. north division. wilder & warner, (edwin wilder and h. h. warner,) dealers in hardware, . stoves, glass, etc., manufacturers of tin, copper and sheet 'iron ware, south main. wilder edwin, (wilder & warner,) res. forest ave., cor. orleans. wilder flavius m., res. s. e. cor. orleans and forest ave. wildt e. e., res. east huron. wilkinson elmer e., painter, bds. n. s. bowery. wilkinson mrs. hannah a., res. north side w. huron, nr. first. wilkinson dr. thomas, res. mill. willard misses laura and persis, millinery rooms, s. e. cor. main and washington, up stairs, res. same. willett miss sarah, res. e. s. east university, bet. college and orleans. williams albert, wks. tomlinson & jaynes' factory, res. wall chapin's ann arbor [w] city directory. williams albert, col., laborer, res. wall. williams asa, res. washington. williams benjamin, col., servant, res. cor. pontiac and fifth. williams charles, carpenter, res. spring. williams mrs. elizabeth a., res. wall. williams floyd, res. e. s. church, bet . washtenaw ave. and orleans. williams rev. george p., ll. d., prof, in university, res. north fifth. williams mrs. h. e., res. sonth fourth. williams s. w., laborer, bds. n. s. miller ave. williams thomas, blacksmith, wks. beutler & traver. williams william w., machinist, wks. tripp, ailes & price, res. wall willis , carpenter, bds. thompson. wilmot charles t., res. cor. washtenaw ave. and forest hill. wilmot henry c, elk. a. r. hall, res. north main, up stairs. wilsey alvin, musician, res. s. e. cor. ingalls and ann. wilsey mrs. amanda, res. n. e. cor. lawrence and thayer. wilson nathan, col., laborer, res. broadway. wiltsie, mrs. charlotte, wid., res. e. s. thayer, bet. washing- ton and north university ave. winchell alexander, ll. d., prof. geology, zoology and botany, in mich. university, res. n. s. north university ave., bet . ingalls and thayer. windeck charles, cigar maker, wks. kauffmann & roebaeh, res. thompson. winegar daniel c, res. north fourth. winegar edwin r, with sommer & darragh, bds. cook's hotel. winegar phillip, ex-sheriff and supervisor, res. n. s. miller ave. wines & douglass, (daniel e. wines and levi h. douglass,) builders and dealers in lumber, manufacturers of sash, doors and blinds, s. w. cor. fifth and north. wines & worden, (william w. wines and charles h. wor- den,) dry goods, groceries and carpets, south main. chapin's ann aeboe [ \v j city diekctoht. wines abram b., sash and blind maker, wks. wines <t doug- lass, res. s. s. forest hill ave. wines charles a., carpenter, wks. wines & douglass, res. n. s. north, bet. fourth and fifth. wines daniel e., (wines & douglass,) res. s. w. cor. fourth and packard. wines william w., (wines & worden,) res. s. s. packard, bet. main and fourth. winslow robert, baker, wks. wicks & mclntyre. winslow robert, moulder, wks. tripp, ailes & price, res. n. s. fclch, bet. fountain and spring. witting nelson s., harness maker, wks. charles spoor, res. jefferson. wolaver wells t., elk. w. w. saunders, bds. broadway. wood devolson, prof. civil engineering in university, res. s. e. cor. east university and washtenaw ave. wood mrs. nancy ann, res. e. s. church, bet. college and or- leans. wood selic, res. south division. woodruff miss alma s., elk. p. o., bds. cor. state, and bowery. woodruff benjamin, res. n. e. cor. forest eve. and orleans. woodruff charles, shoemaker, wks. a. m. doty, res. s. i. river sti eet. woodruff f., homoeopathic physician, east huron. woodruff peter d., carpenter, res. n. e. cor. orleans and forest ave. woodruff thomas m., fashionable tailor, south mam, up stairs, res. north state. woods mrs. luke, res. n. w. cor. william and maynard. worden charles h., (wines & worden,) res. n. e. cor. wil- liam and thompson. worden john, carpenter, res. s. s. river st . worms henry, ladies' fancy millinery and gents' furnishing goods, gregory block, bds. gregory house. wright archibald, carpenter, res. washtenaw st . wright m. s., builder, res. s. s. lawrence. chapin's ann abbob [y] city directory. wright walter s., groceries, etc., east huron, res. cor. bowery and ingalls. wurster frederick, (lawson, wurster & ellis,) res. n. s. washington, near cor. first. wylde john, mill-wright, res. e. s. thayer, bet. washington and north university ave. wyman john, laborer, res. north main, up stairs. wyman william, well-digger, res. e. s. brown. wymer john, wks. kvause's tannery, res. w. s. west third, near jefferson. tedely conrad, turner, -wks. john rosenberg, res. s. e. cor. liberty and west third. young miss harriet, teacher first ward school, bds. w. s. thayer, bet. south university and monroe. young james h., res. s. s. hiscock. yungferd frederick, cooper, res. north end main. zeeb jacob, saloon, south second, res. same. ziegler frederick, wagon maker, shop and res. s. e. cor. wash- ington and second. zuck alonzo, farmer, res. south end main. z william iff, stelle, mantttacturer op steele's old exgeisii oil paste no. north main street, ann ^vltuoit, mich. p. s.—all orders promptly filled. chapin's ann aeboe city directory. peoples' dkug stoee. drugs & medicines, dye goods, toilette goods, patent medicines, paints, paiht oils, and medicinal liquors, every class of medical merchandise will be represented, with every available article of the materia medica, together with a variety of rare chemicals, alkaloids, re-agents, pure tests, &c, interesting to the physician and medical student. having had a large and practical experience of over eighteen years in every department of the drug business, we feel confident that our dispensing and prescription department will be attended to in a manner entirely satisfactory, assuring our friends that we shall deem it not only a duty but a pleasure to give our strict personal attention to all their wants. prices satisfactory. r. w. ellis & co. corner opp. the gregory house. try one bottle of our double strength of flavoring extracts, r. w. ellis & co. the largest assortment of fine toilet soaps in the city, r. w. ellis & co. try one bottle of our coco aline-the best hair dressing in the world, r. w. ellis & co. edwin wilder. ii. ii. warner. wilder & warner, dealers in shelf heavy hardware, iron, stoves, nails, glass, cutlery, &c. agents for the celebrated go co american base burner coal stove. manufacturers of all kinds of tin, copper & sheet-iron ware, no. hi south main street, ann arbor, michigan. classified business directory op alsnxr arboe, mich-, containing a full list of the various trades and pro- fessions in the city-arranged alphabetically. agricultural implements. curtis delos/.i detroit st. finnegan & howard, cor. detroit and catherine. laubengayer gottlob, n. s. liberty, bet. main and second. moore l. & son, broadway, near river. rogers & treadwell, cor. huron and second. architects and builders. bliss edwin j., s. w. cor. church and washtenaw ave. gregory sam r., s. s. bowery. hilton & elsey, rear miller & rayer's, detroit st. jacobice george, s. s. liberty, bet. fourth and fifth. jones marvin v. k., e. s. thayer, bet. monroe and huron ave. erapf conrad, east washington. mallory "william h., office east huron. patridge, mallory & laffrey, a. w. cor. fifth and depot st. pulcipher zera s., wall. wines & douglass, ». w. cor. fifth and north. bakers. bonnett wm. j., w. s. pontiac, bet. fifth and summit. clark martin, south main. hall augustus r., north main. lodholz gottlieb, broadway. rinsey & seabolt, east washington. wicks & mclntyre, n. s. ann, opp. county offices. chapin's ann arbor city direceoey. j. a. polhemus & son, livery and sale stable, good horses & buggies may be obtained at all hours of day or night. also agents for the ohio and buckeye reaper and mower. b. f. rice, dealer in ready-made boots —and— shoes, —and— rubber goods. also, manufacturer of evert description of boots! shoes. repairing done promptly, first door west of post-office, - - ann arbor, mich. chapm's ann arbor city directoby. banks and bankers. first national bank, south main. melntyre donald, north end court house. miller & webster, s. s. "west huron, near main. barbers. aray james w., east huron. freeman & pritchet, under gregory house. scha'l william, broadway. simonds james s., east huron, up stairs. storey & lucas, south main, up stairs. teats herman, under miller & webster's bank, huron. billiard halls. besimer & bro., s. a. west huron, opp. gregory house. binder henry, so south main. dessotell charles h., under gregory house. eccles thomas, north main. green byron, s. s. huron, bet. main and second. blacking manufacturer. stelle william n., north main. blacksmith shops. beutler & traver, east liberty. handy, smith & mclean, n. e. cor. detroit and north. haviland & rhodes, and wall. henderson joseph, north fourth. karberg john, n. s. catherine, bet. main and. fourth. kearns william, n. w. cor. catherine and fourth. keeler george w., west side fountain. king john r., s. s. catharine, bet. fourth and fifth. lawson, wurster & ellis, and north fourth. meyer & allber, junction detroit and state. schneider john, second. schumacher christian, south second. spohr john, s. s. liberty, bet. main and second. wagner john, n. s. washington, bet . main and second. chapins' ann arbor city directory. -w- h. mallory, architect and builder, office, no. east huron street, res. jefferson st., - ann arbor, mich. plana famished for all classes of dwellings, stores, churohes and pnbllo buildings. ann arbor steam planing mill. wines & douglass, and sealers in lumber, sash, doors, blinds, door and window frames, base, band, crown, picture frame, circular and irregular moldings, of any width or pattern required. bracket, scroll, and fancy sawing. also, plans and specifications furnished for churches, dwellings, &c. office—.south-west corner of north and fifth sts., ann arbor, michigan. d. e. wines. l. h. douglass. hutzel & co., keep always on hand a full supply of paints, oils, window glass, brushes, groceries, &c, no. south main st., - - ann arbor, mich. delos curtis, manufacturer and dealer in threshers, reapers and mowers, plows, cultivators, h b e bases, gbaijt dbill , cbadles and scythes, f bk , bakes, spades, shovels, hoes, &c, detboit street, - • ann arbor, mich. chapin's ans aebor city directory. blank book manufacturer. chase dr. a. w., north main. boarding. barber, mrs. mary, n. e. cor. huron and ingalls. beard daniel, william. brown mrs. dorothy, ann. carpenter rufus, south division. davis mrs. delia, north main. davison mrs. catherine, s. e. cor. lawrence and thayer. de puy mrs. francis m., maynard. dygert mrs. mary, south fourth. ellsworth frederick, s. e. cor. thayer and catherine. goodale mrs. l. c, north fifth. howe harlow h., washington. mcmanus mrs. catherine, cor. detroit and fifth. martin mrs. ellen, north fourth. o'neil james, foot detroit st. o'toole lawrence, e. s. ingalls, bet. washington and north university. pomeroy wm. h., exchange, north main. putnam mrs. helen e., monitor, n. w. cor. huron and second. pyper mrs. mary,w. s. thayer, bet. s. university and monroe. spencer edgar h., e. s. east university ave. spoor mrs. louisa r., n. s. ann, bet. thayer and ingalls. stanley felix, near old cemetery. walker william, s. w. cor. catherine and first . wanty mrs. elizabeth, north main. boarding and dat school for young ladies—misses m. h. and c. a. clark, north division. book bindery. chase dr. a. w., north main. chapin's ann aebor city directory. books and stationery. corson james r., east huron. gilmore & fisk, gregory block, north main. miller john f. & co., gregory block, north main. boots & shoes. banfield henry, north main. brennen patrick, north fourth. doty alonzo m., broadway. finkbeiner adam, e. s. detroit, bet. fifth and north. huss george, n. s. liberty, bet. main and second. jedele martin, s. s. washington, bet. main and second. kemper <& diehl, south main. merkle william, south main. mogk george, e. s. main, bet . wm. and packard. noble, rider & moore, east huron. o'hara william, w. s. main, opp. court house. palmerter & steele, east huron. reinhardt john m., south main. bice benjamin f., gregory block, west of post office. rockwell bryant t., east huron. saraw & foster, s. s. huron, bet. main and second. seyler & gruner, north main. smith geo. w. & son, north main. stoddard brothers, s. w. cor. huron and fifth. tarrant richard, south main. vandawaker edwin, south main. breweries. brehm peter, western brewery, west fourth. hooper frederick b., ann arbor brewery, n. w. cor. state and fuller. beyer john, city brewery, cor. first and liberty. ruoff frederick, bavaria brewery, n. s. fuller, bet . detroit and state. volz john a., central brewery, s. e. oor. fifth and summit. chapin's ann abbob city directory. brick yard. moran john, mosely st., near south main. broom manufacturers. scabolt & buell, maiden lane. business college. ann arbor business college, a. c. parsons, a. m., president, n. w. cor. main and washington. carpets and oil cloths. ann arbor trading association, n. w. cor. main and ann. henion & gott, s- e. cor. main and huron. wines & worden, south main. carriage and wagon makers. arksey n., w. s. detroit st., near railroad depot. bross j. & j. f., south main. brown michael, east liberty. burnett asa, n. c. cor. main and catherine. handy, smith & mclean, n. e. corner detroit andjnorth. lawson, wurster & ellis, and north fourth. meyer & allber, junction detroit and state. schneider john, second. walker christian, n. s. washington, bet. main and second. ziegler frederick, s. e. cor. washington and second. claim agents- gott john n., s- e. cor. huron and fourth. clothing. gilbert geo. a. & co., south main. guiterman m. & co., south main. loeb a. & c. & co., east huron. shutts m. l. & co., south main. chapdi's aim abbor city dieectoey. smith albert, south main. wagner william, south main. coal dealers. widenmann & schuh, and south main. commission merchants. darragh allen f.> and exchange block, n. main. finnegan & howard, cor. detroit and catherine. composition roofing. murray michael, jefferson, bet . fifth and division. confectioners. gwinner & gartner, hangsterfer's block, south main. hangsterfer jacob, south main. schlotterbeck herman, south main. sutherland & cole, east huron. cooper shops. dieterle adam, s. e. cor. liberty and first. jones james, broadway. schule michael, south second. schrater adam, e. s. second, bet. catherine and ann. soulier alexander, opp. m. c. freight depot . spaffbrd & dodsley, cor. detroit and fifth. crockery and glassware. dean & co., south main. donnelly j. & p., h east huron. hall e. f., u. s. ann, opp. court house. mack & schmidt, south main. slawson & son, s. e. cor. huron and fourth. stewart l. b. & co., south main. cutlers. emminger & brother, east washington. chapik's ann aebob city directory. dry goods. ann arbor trading association, n. w. cor. main and ann. bach & abel, south main. bower h. & son. north main. coyle luke, n. s. ann, opp. court house. donovan patrick, broadway. fantle charles, south main. henion & gott, s. e. cor. main and huron. hyde edward a., south main. kelley o. a, east huron. mack & schmid, south main, cor. liberty. maynard john h., north main. millen chauncey h., south main. o'hara william, w. s. main, opp. court house. weil aaron, s. w. cor. washington and first. wines & worden, south main. dye house. rupff george, south second. eating houses. drake nathan h, east huron. goetz john, m. c. railroad depot. embroidery, etc. emminger mrs. charlotte, east washington. express offices. american express co., a. w. ames, agent, east huron. merchants' union express co., j. f. miller, agent, gregory block. fancy goods. watts j. c. & bro., south main. fish dealer. hewitt thomas l., n. e. cor main and ann. chapin's ann abbob city dibectoby. flour and feed. hoffstetter john g., east washington. mcmahon & goodell, n. w. cor. fourth and ann. rinsey & seabolt, east washington. flouring mills. hill george d., broadway. mcmahon & goodell, office n. w. cor. fourth and ann. stetler & bro., north end main. swift & deubel, foot broadway. foundries. hulme george, broadway, near riter. tripp, ailes & price, s. s. huron, west of first . fruit packers. henning & wood, cor. detroit and fifth. prudden newton a., north state. spafford & dodsley, cor. detroit and fifth. furniture. jenter & meyer, ». s. liberty, bet. main and second. keck john & co., south main. muehlig florian, south main. gent's furnishing goods. gilhert george a. & co., south main. guiterman m. & co., south main. kemper & diehl, south main. kierstead daniel, north main. loeb a. & c. & co., east huron. smith albert, south main. wagner william south main. worms henry, gregory block. chapin's ann aeboe city dibectoby. glue manufacturer. schleek ernst, s. s. liberty, near west seventh. '. groceries. ann arbor trading association, n. w. cor. main and ann. behr charles, south main. bell & hendrickson, east washington. blanchard augustus f., broadway. clancy john, east huron. clark martin, south main. coyle luke, n. s. ann, opp. court house. darragh allen f., and exchange block, north main. donovan patrick, broadway. donnelly j. & p., h east huron. earl thomas, north main. easton charles. gardner capt. albert, s. e. cor. liberty and second, gerner john, south main. gould john m., n. s. ann, opp. court house. hall augustus r., north main. hall e. f., n. s. ann, opp. court house. henderson john s., south main. herz august, broadway. hewitt thomas l., n. e. cor. main and ann. hoffstetter john g., east washington. hutzel & co., south main. kelley o. a., east huron. lutz george f., south main. mack & schmid, south main. o'hearn p., buchoz's block, detroit street . rinsey & seabolt, east washington. saunders william w., broadway. sherman mrs. sarah, broadway. slawson & son, s. e. cor. huron and fourth. smith andrew j., north main. stewart l. b. & co., south main. storms & campbell, broadway. chapin's ann abbob city dieectoby. sutherland & cole, east huron. tuite & duffy, east huron. wicks & mclntyre, n. s. ann, opp. county offices. wines & worden, south main. wright walter s., east huron. gunsmiths. beutler & traver, east liberty. hardware. hunt john w., south main. pease & fleming, south main. risdon lewis c, south main. widenmann & schuh, and south main. wilder & warner, south main. harness makers. bliss & vetter, east huron. kelley & teufel, n. e. cor. main and washington, up stairs. schaeberle adam, n. e. cor. liberty and second. spoor charles, south main. hats, caps and furs. johnson elias j., south main. kemper & diehl, south main. kierstead daniel, north main. west & henion, east huron. hoop skirts and corsets. linkx louis, north main. stevens stanley l., east huron, up stairs. hotels. ann arbor hotel, b. green, propr., s. s. huron, bet . main and second. cook's hotel, solon cook, propr., s. w. cor. huron and fourth. chapin's ann aebob city dibectoey. diehl's hotel, john diehl, propr., n. e. cor. detroit and fuller. gregory house, e. m. gregory, propr., n. w. cor. huron and main. kossuth house, john heinrich, propr, s. w. cor. pontiac and summit. washtenaw house, elisha w. cook, propr., broadway. ice cream saloons. gwinner & gartner, hangsterfer's block, south main. hangsterfer jacob, south main. ice dealers. latimer l. & son, n. w. cor. washtenaw and cedar. ,'.; inurance agents. banks john l., south end grove. clark charles g., north main. cramer densmore, s- w. cor. main and huron. gott john n., s- e. cor. huron and fourth. hahn frederick l., south fourth. king zina p., south main. mckernan patrick, east huron. mack christian, south main. parker & hill, exchange block, north main. sessions j. ,. a., south main. sutherland & whedon, east huron. taylor sibley g., south main. terhune enoch, north state. insurance companies-accident. accident insurance co., of columbus, ohio, zina p. king, agent, south main. insurance companies-fire. . albany city fire insurance co., john n. gott, agent, s. e. cor. huron and fourth. chapin's ann aeboe city dikectoby. livery, sale and boarding stables. polhemus'j. a. & son, s. e. cor. main and catherine. rapalje theodore p., rear gregory block. lumber dealers. blood edmund,*n. w. cor. fourth and depot sts. de forest david^detroit st. krapf conrad, n. e. side packard, near hanover square. schmid christian, s. w. cor. liberty and fifth. sutherland c. & co., s. e. cor. fourth and depot sts. wines & douglass, s. w. cor. fifth and north. machine shops. haviland & rhodes, and wall. moore l. w. & son, broadway, near river. tripp, ailes & price, s. s. huron, west of first . map publisher. geil john f., wall. marble works. eisele j. e. & brother, s. e. cor. detroit and catherine. match manufacturer. aldrich ira, wall. meat markets. gwinner gottlieb f.r east washington, cor. fourth. jolly william b., north university ave. matthews roger, ann st., north of court house. rayer & laubengayer, east huron. robinson r. & brother, gregory block, west of post office. seigmund xavier, detroit st. siply j. f. & son, south main. walker thomas, broadway. wemmann & gall, washington. chapm's ann aebob city directoby. merchant tailors. gilbert george a. & co., south main. guiterman m. & co., south main. o'rourk m., south main, up stairs. quinn p. w., north fourth. shntts m l. & co., south main. smith albert, south main. wagner william. south main. mile dealers. cope john, n. s. miller ave. rice enos h., n. s. geddes ave. millinery. curtis mrs. delos, detroit street. fantle charles, south main. haines mrs. e. a., south main. keenan miss mattie t., north main. linkx louis, north main. mcmichael mrs. caroline, south main. pyper miss isabella, south main. vandercook misses, broadway, up stairs. vosmus & noble, n. s. washington, bet. main and second. west & henion, east huron. willard misses laura and persis, s. e. cor. main and wash- ington. worms henry, gregory block. mill pices. church wm. c. & sons, manufrs., n. s. orleans, bet. church and forest ave. music dealers. corson james it., east huron. holmes sidney t., east huron. chafin's ann aeb e city dibectoby. musical instruments. bliss calvin, south main. holmes sidney t., east huron. news dealer and stationer. ames albert w., east huron. newspapers. ann arbor journal, j. m. cole, publisher, north main. michigan argus, e. b. pond, proprietor, s. ,w. cor. main and huron. michigan state news, l. davis, proprietor, south main. peninsular courier and family visitant, a w. chase, m. d., propr., north main. university chroniele, published weekly, by students of the university. university magazine, issued monthly, by a board of editors elected from the senior class of the university of michi- gan. notaries public. clark e., n. e. cor. fourth and ann. root tracy w., s. s. huron, bet. main and second. roth william f., s- e. cor. fourth and ann. omnibus, hack and baggage line. robison & baxter, s- s. ann, rear exchange block. organ builder. garttner gottleib, south fourth. painters. boylan win. h. h., n. s. huron, bet. fourth and fifth. knapp lewis m., north main. krause & bissinger, b. s. liberty, bet. main and second. schall christian, maiden lane. sorg frederick, east washington. chapin's ann akbob city dirbctoby. faints and oils. buel dr. henry s., n- w. cor main and ann. chester e. & co., exchange block, north main. ellis r. w. & co., b. w. cor. main and huron. grenville & fuller, south main. hutzel & co., south main. photograph galleries. haarer john, south main, cor. liberty. hall i. n, exchange block, north main. palmer russell d., east huron. revenaugh & co., east huron. stanley moses c, cor. huron and fourth. physicians. backus cyrus, south university ave. bliss daniel w., (botanic) william, cor. fifth. boylan arthur e., fifth. breakey william p., east huron. cheever henry s., east huron. frothingham george e., east huron. hatch charles, broadway. irish thomas (eclectic) brown st. jefferies charles a., e. s. east university ave. kellogg daniel b., brown t. lyon mason r., s. e. cor. thayer and monroe. lewitt william, office haven block, east huron. o'toole p. w., s. w. cor. main and huron. palmer alonzo b., east huron. pratt silas, broadway. rominger charles, south fifth. smith w. b., east huron. taylor jay c, broadway. upjohn uriah, north university ave. volland jacob, (magnetic) north main. wells ebenezer, south main. chapin's ann abbob city directory. wilcox mrs. lucy, s. s. fifth, bet. packard and madison. woodruff f., east huron. pianos. sage james r., south main, up stairs. pictures, frames and mouldings. holmvs william d., east huron. planing mills. miiler & rayers, w. s. detroit, bet. summit and north. patridge, mallory & laffrey, s. w. cor. fifth and depot. wines & douglass, s. w. cor. fifth and north. portrait painter. palmer russell d., so east huron. produce and provisions. (see also groceries.) coyle luke n- »• ann, opp. court house. pump makers. murray michael, s. s. jefferson, bet . fifth and division. rare, fore, shovel and hoe handle manufacturers. patridge, mallory & laffrey, s. vr. cor. fifth and depot. real estate agents. clark charles g., north main. king zina p., south main. parker & hill, exchange block, north main. sutherland & whedon, east huron. taylor sibley g., sonth main. reapers and mowers. curtis delos, detroit . polhemus j. a. & son, e. cor. main and catherine. chapin's ann aebob city dieectoey. sogers & treadwell, cor. huron and second. saloons. *i albrecht john g., w. s. pontiac, bet. fifth and summit. besimer & bro., s. s. huron, opp. gregory house. binder henry, so south main. clair john, n. s. ann, bet. main and fourth. clancy thomas j., norlh fourth. collamer alfred b., ann st., opp. court house. covert andrew f., broadway. dessotell charles h., under gregory house. drake nathan h, east huron. eccles thomas, north main. goetz john r., detroit st . gwinner jacob c, east washington. haas thomas, catherine, west . hangstcrfer michael, broadway. jones john, *. w. cor. main and ann. kettner john, i east washington. kitson charles, north main. kopf xavier, eas'- washington. lutz george f., south main. mogk george c, n. s. liberty, bet. main and second. pfaff & hanby, washington. reck stephen, buchoz' block, detroit st . rettich frederick, east washington. s:tnci christian, buchoz's block, detroit st. schuh emanuel, e. s. fourth, opp. court house. schumacher mrs. catherine, second. weis gabriel, cor. liberty and west seventh. zeeb jacob, south second. sash, door and blind manufacturers. patridge, mallory & laffrey, s. w. cor. fifth and depot. schmid christian, s. w. cor. liberty and fifth. wines & douglass, s. w. cor. fifth and north. chapkl's ann aebob city dibectoet. saw mills. gates david l., north of city. hill g. d., north end mill st . fatridge & whitney, s- w. cor. huron and grove. school furniture. bodwell a. m., manufr., north fourth. sewing machines. copeland edwin r, south main. howell albert j. gregory block. rice norman a., second. spraugue jonathan, pontiac, north. sutherland & whedon, east huron. show cases. goodell solomon d., north fifth. slat window curtains. n kierstead daniel, north fifth. sleigh and cultivator manufac- turers. rhodes & johnson, wall. soaf and candle makers. burk louis, cor. south main and madison. milieu daniel s., north end state. sorghum manufacturer. bodwell l. w„ s. e cor. liberty and west seventh. state prison wagons. watts j. c. & bro., south main. steam printing house. chase dr. a. w., north main. chapin's ann abbob city dieectoby. stoves and tinware. (see also hardware.) christman paul, south main. surgical instruments. ellis r. w. & co., cor. main and huron. gilmore & fisk, gregory block. buel dr. henry s., n. w. cor. main and ann. tailors. (see also merchant tailors.) elster frederick, cor. main and ann, up stairs. kelley john, broadway. mills lorrin, north main, up stairs. reule andrew, east washington. ruel george, south main, up stairs. woodruff thomas m., south main, up etairs. tanneries. duttenhofer christian, e. s. west third, near liberty. heinzman jacob, s. w. cor. william and west third. krause henry, west second, near south liberty. weil j. & brothers, s. s. huron, west of first. teacher of music. sage james r., south main. tea store. walsh john, n. s. washington, one door west of main. telegraph office. western union telegraph office, east huron. tobacco and cigars. benham samuel g., south main. horn & rowe, east huron. chapin's ann aeboe city directory. kauffmann & rosbach, south main. tuite & duffy, east huron. toys and notions. emminger & bro., east washington. gerner john, south main. undertaker. muehlig florian, south main. vegetable violet, for the hair—prepared and sold by h. teats, huron, opp. gregory house. veteeinary surgeons. krause c, w. s. detroit, foot division. o'brock g. d., w. e. detroit, foot division. watches and jewelry. bliss calvin, south main. haller jacob, east huron. watts j. c. & bro., south main. water wheels. tripp, ailes & price, west huron street. wood dealers. burch lawrence d., s. e. cor. washtenaw and forest aves. fatridge & whitney, s. w. cor. huron ave. nd grove. scott sylvanus a., s. w. cor. washtenaw and forest aves. wood engraver. knapp lewis m., north main. wooden and willow ware. (see groceries.) coyle luke, n. n. ann, opp. court house. chapin's ann aeboe city directory. ann arbor hotel, west htjdr st st., between main and second, ann arbor, - - michigan. byron gheeu, proprietor. mid carriage always in readiness to convey guests to and from the cars, free of charge. with six elegant tables; also, a bowling saloon, with four alleys. ax eating room, in connection, where meals can be procured at all hours. chapin's ann arbor city directory. w. d. holmes, manufacturer and dealer in looking glasses and looking glass frames, cords, tassels and nails, walnut brackets & book shelves stationery and blank books, no. ea»t huron street, ann arbor, mich. s. t. holmes, dealer in huuual instruments, strings, trimmings, &c. also, a large assortment of sheet music and instruction books, no. east huron street, ajsts arbor, - - michigan. coapm's ann abbob city directoby. wm. wagner, manufacturer and dealer in clothing of every description, cloths, cassimeres.vestings, —and— tailors' trimmings, gents' furnishing goods, trunks, valises and carpet bags, no. si south main st., ann arbor, - - - michigan. o. a. kelly, general dealer in groceries, no. east huron street, ann arbor, - - michigan. chapej's ann ahboe city diebctoey. florian muehlig, no. main street, respectfully announces to the citizens «f ann arbor and vicinity, that he has on hand a tur titure, which will be sold very low. also, a large stock of cases m coffins. a good hearse, always in attendance. persons wishing their friends laid out can call on us night or day, free of charge. all orders will be strictly attended to. chapin's ann abbob city dibectoby. l. c. risdon, oriental coal stove! and american cook stove. he is once more alone, and sells as cheap as any establishment in the state. no. main street, ann arbor, mich. a. k. hall, baker, and dealeb in groceries, provisions, flour, &c, no. north main street, ann arbor, michigan. peop. j- ir- sage, teacher of vocal & instrumental music, ann arbor, mlcb, (p. o. box, .) room—spoor's block, no. main st. agent for all kinds of pianos. chapin's ann abbob city dibectoey. s. l. stevens, hoop skibt and corset fag t o tt^zt i second floor of ttaompson'i block, no. east huron street, .... ann arbor. george e. lutz, dealer in confectioneb'y', <scc, no. south main st., ann arbor, mich. chafin's ann arbor citt dibectoby. this koad, from its geographical position, is the most desirable avenue both for freight and passenger traffic, between the east and west. its main line connects at toledo with the dayton and michigan railroad, which, with the cincinnati, hamilton and dayton road, forma the shortest line between cincinnati and a lake outlet and makes a direct route from cincinnati to detroit, by way of the detroit, monroe and toledo road, which is a branch of the michigan southern. it connects also with the cleveland and toledo road, forming a through route from the east, and with the toledo and wabash valley road for points in the west and south-west. at the crossing of the louisville, new albany and chicago road, it connects with trains for the interior and southern parts of indiana; at chicago it con- nects with all the roads for the far west and north-west; at detroit with the grand trunk and great western railway!, eastward, and the detroit and milwaukee railroad, westward. the different branches ef this road are as follows: air line—elkhart (where it in- tersects main line) to toledo. detroit, monroe and toledo line-toledo to detroit. monroe branch—adrian (where it joins the main line) to monroe, where it connects with the detroit and toledo road. jackson branch—adrian to jackson, where it makes connection with the michigan central and the jackson, lan- sing and saginaw railroads. the passenger department *s unsurpassed in its arrangements for the comfort and convenience of travellers. day express trains are fitted with salisbury's patent dusters, and cars with raised ventilated roofs, whereby a pure air is at all times secured. night change, and the above described sleeping can accompany night trains on the route the freight department is amply supplied with rolling stock and motive power, and especial attention is given to the transportation of live stock, while freight trains furnish shippers with prompt and speedy dispatch. in short, tub michigan southern is the line the old president-s. b. phillips. „ . n~ „. general superintendent—chas. f. hatch. oeneral offices, chief engineer—chas. paine. van buren st., chicago. rkv. erastus o. haven, d. d., ll. d., president of the board. term expires. hon. j. eastman johnson, hon. john m. b. sill, hon. james a. sweezey, hon. cyrus m. stockwell, hon. edward c. walker, hon. george willakd, host. thomas d. gilbert, hon. hiram a. burt, centerville, detroit, hastings, port huron, detroit, battle creek, grand rapids, marquette, john h. burleson, esq., secretary and steward. hon. donal!) mcintyre, treasurer. hon. op.amel hosford, superintendent of public instruction. rev. john g. w. cowles, east saginaw. il o. hitchcock, m. d., kalamazoo. hon. w. b. williams, allegan. and other officers. rkv. erastus o. haven, d. d., ll. d., president or the tjnivorsity, professor of logic and political economy. rev. george p. williams, ll. d., professor of physics. -j abram sager, m. a., m. d., professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children. » silas h. douglass, m. a., m. d., professor of chemistry, mineralogy, pharmacy and toxicology. zina pitcher, m. d. emeritus professor of the institutes of medicine and obstetrics. james r. boise, m. a., professor of the greek language and literature. •alonzo b. palmer, m. a., m. i)., professor of pathology, the practice of medicine, and of hygiene. alexander winchell, ll. d., professor of geology, zoology and botany. ,/ corydon l. ford. m. a., m. d, professor of anatomy and physiology. -i henry s. frieze, m. a., professor of the latin language and literature. devolson wood, c. e., m. a., professor of civil engineering. hon. james v. campbell, ll. d., marshall professor of law. ho.v. charles i. walker, kent professor of law. hon. thomas m. cooley, jay professor of law. james c. watson, m. a., professor of astronomy and director of the observatory. samuel g. armor, m. a., m. d., professor of institutes of medicine and materia medlca. members of the faculties. edward p. evans, ph. d., professor of modern languages and literature. rbv. lucius d. chapin, m. a., professor of moral and intellectual philosophy. edward olney, m. a.,' professor of mathematics. • rev. andrew ten brook, m. a., librarian. . ashlevt pond, m. a., fletcher professor of law. william w. greene, m. d., professor of civil and military surgery. adam k spence, m. a., professor of the french language and literature. charles k. adams, m. a., professor of history. moses coit tyler, m a., professorof rhetoric and english literature. allen j. curtis, m a., assistant professor of rhetoric and english literature. * albert b. prescott, m. d., asst. professor chemistry and lecturer on organic chemistry and metallurgy. george b. merriman, m. a., assistant professor of mathematics. stillman w. robinson, c. e., assistunt professor of mldlrjg engineering and geodesy. martin l. d'ooge, m. a., assistant professor of the ancient languages. henry s. ciieever, m a., m. d., demonstrator of anatomy and curator of the medical museum. george e. frotiiingham, m. d., prosector of hurgery and associate demonstrator of anatomy. preston b. rose, b. a., m d., assistant in chemistry. albert e. foote, m d., amtetant in chemistry. william j. cocker, */ assistant in general library.' icgrccs ffionferrcb ruling tty ©car. civil engineer. george a. benzenberg, james steel, lowell a. goodman, louis p. judson, alexander thomson, kbeu s. wheeler. mining engineer. amos e. dolbear, willard b. rising. bachelor of science. john o. andrews, james bellangee, monroe darnell, william frackelton, albert m. henry, milton jackson, isaac kersey, jabez montgomery, artemas roberts, james sanders. bachelor of arts. john h. beadle, p. baldy ligutner, wilijam m. broto, wellington carleton, george e. church, henry p. churchill, horton h. drury, isaac n. elwood, william j. english, george a. foster, henry n. french, lester o. goddard, jr., cornelius a. gower, george s. hastings. dwight n. lowell, george l. maris, elbert l. miller, i. newton otis, thomas m. potter, joseph ii. reid, john a. rollins, james steel, david b. taylor, edward w. wetmore, newton ii. winchell, montgomery s. woodruff, edward e. kane, master of science. john henry booth, george anthon marr, james henry coggesiiall, james d. snoddy, george edmund cumming, sidney- frank walker. degrees conferred during tdk year. master of arts. amos emerson dolbear, edward mansfield mason, joseph weir ewing, darius royer shoop, joseph c. gheenawalt. alvah augustus smith. doctor of medicine. giles b. allen, robert h. harcourt, louis f. arensberg, john f. hawley, homer e. aylsworth, m. a. harvey d. hill, charles bates, john s. hood, william s. beebe, william w. hotchkiss, henry r. benjamin, edward hurd, edward e. bigelow, george w. jackson, samuel a. bonestel, henry johnson, robert booth, colonel d. johnson, augustus c. d. bradshaw, george spronson jones, samuel h. brown, b. s., nathan d. jones, zenas g. bullock, ira y. kazartee, dewitt c. carpenter, william little, pierre j. chavey, jr., david r. lyon, byron w. cheever, m. a. frederick l. matthews, theodore a. collett, james b. mcgaughey, john m. creamer, donald a. mclean, rhodes d. davis, ryan g. mendenhall, francis f. davis, selden miner, daniel m. dill, george . moore, dan l. dumon, john s. mott, archibald s. dun lap, m. a., dennis c. o'brien, thomas j. eaton, sylvester c. j. ostrom, daniel m. edwards, henry c. parker, fred w. fanning, lewis prichard, stephen s. farrington, ira b. reed, albert e. foote, aurelius o. revenaugh, alonzo w. gaelock, george r reynolds, j. basil girard, jerome j. robbins, george h. granger, james s. rogers, james guinan, william f. rooms, reuben haines, ezra a. scammon, degre s conferred during the year. william s. haebert, nathaniel w. nelson, david s. harley, seymour f. norton, francis a. hoffman, jr., b. a. henry h. norton, william hodge, william a. pratt, adoniram j. holmes, william s. palmer, obadiah p. howell, edwin a. parsons, thomas d. hubbard, frank w. penwell, . james f. hughes, thomas a. perrine, b. a., harrison hume, samuel r. peters, howard j. huntington. john l. pratt, elias w. james, sebra r. proper, george jameson, george raleigh, edwapd p. johnson, john e. raymond, james o. jones, loran w. reynolds, james m. justice, b. s., john l. richardson, zina p. king, b. a, james p. robinson, horace v. knight, tiiaddeus s. rollins, b. s., guilford a. leavitt, isidore roskoph, john p. lewis, jacob h. runkle, john newell lucas, john g. safley, m. a., william h. lutz, george s. sandercock, james j. mcbride, john a. shauck, b. a., aaron a. mccandless, jr., edmund shaw, robert mccart, matthew p. simpson, thomas mccord, harlan p. smith, samuel m. mccutchen, willard stearns, william c. mcfarland, richard r. stephenson, frank a. c. macmanus, j. albert sumner, john h. mcmurdy, washington m. sutton, james c. mcquigg, william w. sullivan, emerson a. merriman, john swindley, frederick d. mills, moses taggart, david mills, james b. taylor, b. a., albert m. mills, wilbur f. thompson, jonn j. miles, henry s. towle, james r. milner, albert trask, cass l. morehouse, charles tubbs, department op ^cience, literature, anb tlje ^rts. faculty. rev. erastus o. haven, d. d., ll. d., president. rev. george p. williams, ll. d. silas h. douglass, m. a., m. d. james r. boise, m. a. alexander winchell, ll. d. henry s. frieze, m. a. devolson wood, c. e., m. a. james c. watson, m. a. edward p. evans, ph. d. rev. lucius d. chapin, m. a. edward olney, m. a. alonzo b. palmer, m. a., m. d. adam k. spence, m. a. charles k. adams, m. a. moses coit tylek, m. a. allen j. curtis, m. a. albert b. pkescott, m. d. george b. mekriman, m. a. stillman w. robinson, c. e. , martin l. d'ooge, m. a. resident graduates. name. residence. dexter s. clark, b. a., (beloit college,) bockford, u. william j. conklin, b. a., sydney, . frank crook, b. s., baltimore, md. frederic u. curtis, b. a., canaan four corners, n.y. william h. fitch, b. a., (beloit college,) bockford, bl oliver s. green, b. s., (illinois college,) jacksonville, bl jas. d. masters, b. s., (illinois college,) murrayviue, . wm. j. maynard, b. a., ann arbor. willard b. rising, b. a., (hamilton coll.,) ovid, n. t. james m. scott, b. a., warren, . josiah t. scovell, b. a., (oberlin college,) vermonttille. charles s. starr, b. a., (rochester coll.,) bochestcr, n. t. john b. t 'ier, b. a., (amherst college,) northhampton, mam, students. name. course. residence. galusha pcime'l, cx ann arbor. philetus harvey philbrick,.. .sc tufton, wis. charles poor, ex newark, iii. lorcnso browne potts, ch.... whitehall, ill. charles cjuaries, cl .... kenosha, wis. thomas craighead raynolds,. cl .... akron, . rollin joseph reeves, en fort madison, lotca. joseph beal steere, cl .... ionia. ri'ey c. story, cl vernon, ind. joseph myron stoutt, cl strasburg, . william james stuart, cl. .. .kalamazoo. edgar h. tallman, cl coldwater. llewellyn pitt tarlton, sc... .t exington, ky. edward lorraine walter, cl litchfield. milford norman wells, en ann arbor. juniors. name. course. residence. hugh. byron alexander. sc.... geneva, iii. colman bancroft, sc elton, k y. r iscoe william beaman,... .cr adrian. frank bradley, cl richland. sidney browjjshe'-gcr, cr. perrysburg, . james dewey burr, sc perry. william addison butler, jr.,. .sc detroit. oscar james campbell sc ravenna, . henry allen chancy, cl. .. .detroit. byrojn^^jicane, cl. ... havana, iii. wiliiam johnson darby, cl. .. .princeton, ky. franklin smith dewey, sc.... cambridge. dan dilla, cl humboldt, cal. frederic anthony dudgeon,. .cl grosse i ic. james dushane, sc.... uanaan,~u. orson oscar fox, sc kenosha, wis. joseph mills gelston cl ann arbor. . ' - :. . students name. course. residence. . cl.. .. conneaut, . stephen cogswe.'l hall,... cl.. .. dexter. francis marion hamilton,. ... cl .. .. fort wayne, ind. samuel hayes, jr., ... sc.. .. freeport, iii. john eugene hinman, ...cl.. .. hannibal, jv. y. .,.sc.. .. flint. allen melanclhon hurty,. .., sc.. . .paris, iii. joseph eugene jackson,.. . ..cl.. . .ann arbor. .. decatur, ill. marmaduke burnell kellogg, .cl. . .. constantine. . .-lodi. ....sc.. .. ho well, .sc.. .. burbank, ohio. benjamin l. c. lothrop,.. , , .cl.. .. p> ovincetoicn, mass. . ..cl.. ..milo. william lorenzo penfield,. ...cl.. . .dundee. , . .cl.. .. tecumseh. daniel harker rhodes,... ...sc.. .. aurora, iv. y. albert alonzo robinson,.. ...sc.. ..fulton, wis. thomas jennings seuly,.. sc.. .. oswego, iii. charles edward smith,... ....sc.. . .south amenta, nl y. horace greeley snover,... , cl.. .. borneo. giles g. stilwell, cl.. .. litchfield. thomas chalmers taylor,. ....cl.. . .ahnont. ...sc.. . .ann arbor. .. cuba, n. y. sc.. . .st. clair. alfred ernest wilkinson,.. . . .cl.. . .morrison, iii. ,sc. .. salem, . s. robertson winchell,... ...cl.. .. lakeville, conn. ...cl.. .. tyre, jv. y. students. sophomores. name. course. residence. ..cl.. .. washington, d. c. cl.. .. nankin. cl.. .. olisfield, me. albion alexander andrews, ..sc.. ..perry, x. y. sherman sanf'ord avery,... .. sc.. ..forestville, a ". y. albert everton baldwin,... ,sc.. .. abingdon, . cl.. . .detroit. . cl.. .. williamsburgh, lid. , .cl. . . .hastings. george williams bates,. ... ..cl.. . .detroit. woofer woodruff beman,. ..cl.. . .ann arbor. . .ann arbor. julius abiram blackburn,.. ..cl.. .-,ann arbor. .. west xovi. cl.. .. jackson. charles francis burton,.... . .cl . . .hastings. thomas harper bush, ..cl.. .. geneseo, iii. george throop campau,... ..cl.. .. detroit. ..sc.. .. faincater wis. ..sc.. thomas chalmers christy,. ..cl.. .. kinsmaji^q, cl.. .. ann arbor. sc.. .. ashtabula, . edward everett darrow,.. . cr .. kinsman, . harlow palmer davock,... ...sc.. ..buffalo, k y. .. springfield, iii. .. ravenna, . . .cl.. .. jackson. charles stouton edwards, ji\,.cl. . .. lacon, iii. . .sc.. .. ypsilanti. william thomas emerson,. ...sc.. ..racine, wis. ..sc.. .. white pigeon. , .cl. . . .fayetteville, ark. . .cl. .. west lebanon, lid. george jay french, ..cl.. .. homer. students. name. course. residence. . .cl.. .ann arbor. ..cl.. .ami arbor. james alfred hay ward, ..sc.. .dublin, n. ii. cl.. ..st. clair. frank hill, . waupan, wis. james campbell holliday,.. . .sc.. .. north springfield, pa. joseph columbus hostetler, ...sc.. .. decatur, iii. .cl.. .. creen bay, wis. samuel rodgers hurford,.. ..sc.. . ottawa, iii. . detroit. john "william johnson ..cl.. .. delavan, wis. francis wayland jones,... . .cl.. .. ann arbor. .. rock haven, ky. henry willis lake, ..sc.. .. clinton junction, wis. cl.. .. rockville, ind. ,cl.. . .ann arbor. ..sc.. .. milford. william freeman matthews ..cl.. .. ypsilanti. sc.. . .icanjield, . ..sc.. .. canton, iii. zuinglius k. mccormack,. ..sc.. .. danville, ind. michael a. a. meyendorff,. ...sc.. .. jverc york city. george washington mickle ,..sc.. ..sterling, iii. sc.. .. valley mills, ind. ..sc.. . .fremont, . .. unionville, ct. alfred noble .. nankin. ..erie, pa. darius comstock pennington,.so.. .. macon. ..sc.. .. oakland. maxwfill addison phillips,. ..cl.. .. salina, kan. benjamin t. k. preston,.. ..cl.. .. grass lake. ..sc.. .. sagittate city. william henry schock,... ...sc.. .. prairieville, iii. arthur raymond simmons, ..cl.. ..new haven, n. y. .. sterling, iii, \ students. name. course. residence. edward charles smith, ..sc.. .. warren, . .. henry^ iii. edmund mertelie spalding,. .. cl .. .. monroe. edward blake sumner, ..sc.. .. pecatonica, hi. samuel swain, ..sc.. .. pendleton, ind. dewitt holbrook taylor,... . .sc.. .. detroit. clarence harvey walker,... ..sc.. .. detroit. james a. satterlee warden, ..cl.. .. darlington, wis. .. jackson. cl.. .. atkinson, iii. . .cl.. .. ann arbor. ..sc.. . .detroit. charles joseph willett, ..cl.. .. st. louis, mich. oscar f. williams, ..sc.. .. livonia, nl y. thomas sterrett woodruff,. ..sc.. .. girard, perm. robert mullins wright,.... ..cl.. .. shabbona, ill students in mining engineering. name. residence. .. cleveland, . byron r. chaffee,......... .. marcellus, iii. .. kenosha, wis. .. kingston, . clinton, nl t. .. la porte, ind. .. syracuse, n'. y. .. cleveland^ . students pursuing selected studies. name. residence. charles mitchell underwood,... . , , tribes hill, jv. y. students in higher chemistry. name. residence. . sparta, c. tp. .ann arbor. frank mil, . waupun, wis. .paris, iii. . rising sun, ind. . jackson. . washington, d. c. .adrian. .ami arbor. .batavia, iii. .marietta, . . toledo, . . leonardsviue, iv y. .new lisbon, . . pleasant hill, mo. .arlington, iii. gustavus albert schuekenburger,.. . owosso. .brooklyn, jv. y. .meaford, c. w. . chicago, ill. .new albany, in., . clymer, n. y. . henry, ill. . victory, n. y. .napoleon, . .adrian. .hamilton, c. w. department of faculty. rev. erastus . haven, d. d., ll. d., , president. zina pitcher, m. d., emeritus. abram sager, m. a., m. d., silas h. douglass, m. a., m. d., alonzo b. palmer, m. a., m. d., corydon l. ford, m. a., m. d., samuel g. armor, m. a., m. d., william w. greene, m. d., albert b. prescott, m. d., henry s. cheever, m. a., m. d., george e. frothingham, m. d., preston b. rose, b. a., m. d., albert e. foote, m. d., name. residence. preceptor. port burwett, c. w.,. .w. c. donnelly. .. faculty. coffin & dare. . .east turner, me.,... ..e. g. edgcomb. . .j. c. nichols. allen h. albright, ..s. l. morris. . .a. j. alleman. andrew j. allison, b. a., . .j. corson. . .faculty. . .a. hill. charles l. annington,,, . .northfield, minn.,... . .j. l. armington. . .d. w. armstrong. . .a. austin. william h. h. austin, . ..w. b. mcaroy. . .e. n. harris. . !ra winager. . .canaan, ohio, ..j. h.wallace. ezra h. ballard, .. ogdensburg, n. t.,.. . .z. b. bridges. . .j. h. hyde. .. canandnigua, iv. y.. . .h. e. jewett. .. chickoppe, must.,... faculty. . .punxsutawney, pa.,. . .dr. sheald. charles c. bartholomew,. . .bartholomew*baker .. woodburn, , . .a. b. penniman. dr. n. bates. h.pierce. . .george pray. , palmyra, t. y. . .s. a. sabin. .. fin/iky, ohio, r. & j. norton. william q. binkley, . .enterpruc, pa., ..a.m.miller. theodore r. birmingham, avery & martin. richard woods. george m. bkckburn,.. . . .martinnburgh, ohio,. ..dr. miser. evarts u. bland, olendale, ky., . .r. h. blanton. edwin w. bliss, . .st. joseph, mo., . .j. d. smith. edmund m. bloomfleld,.. . , dunham & ferguson. . .w. w. board. students in medicine. name. residence. preceptor. mordecai c. ellis, . .marshall ...b. a. gallup. ..ontario, it. y.,... .. .e. j. whitcomb. .. .h. n. porter. william a. ewing.b. a.. . .pontiae, .. .r. l. baron. david s. fairchild, ..fairfield, vt., .. .j. o. crampton. .. chebanse, iii., ...s. t. smith. ..fairfield, vt ... j. . crampton. b. w. griffith. .. mt. vernon, iowa,. .. .love & kepler. . .sandy lake, pa., .. . .hushviue, ohio,... .. .p. f. turner. george a. foster, b. a.,.. .. seio, .. .dr. c. mather. george h. green. frederic g. fuller, .. oalesburg, iii ...h. . hurd. james r. fyffe, .. magnolia, iu., ,, ,e. gay lord. .. vienna, ontario, c'.w.-c. l. vail. .. .entreken & ballard. william r. gifford, . .indianapolis, ind., .. .m. h. wright. ... j. v. mullen. ..eltsie .. .p. l. schuyer. oiner t. gillett, b. a.,. . . indianapolis, ind., .. .g. w. clippinger. obe g. given, b. a . .jackson, ...g. w. carhart. . .kingsniu-e, c. w.,. ..quiney, ohio,.... ...b. f. mckinnon. .. oroton, n. t.... .. .j. goodyear. . westminister, md., .. .frank butler. . .laorangc, tenn.,. .. ,r. r. town. . .bolster's mills, maine,.s. l. weston. students in medicine. name residence. preceptor. george . johnson,.. . ,m. h. calkins. ..p. b. rose. franklin jones, raisintille, ..j. j. littlefield. jonathan k. jones,.. . .w. e. vary. . .john conaway. . .l. b. lathrop. • . .avery & martin. . .faculty. . .faculty. william . kelly, ... . .parks & pearman. . .j. s. kier. , t. horton. ..b. f. woodworth. ..e. l. ensign. william h. kirk,.... ..w. g. barnett. . .a. s. krihpp. .. d. beardsley. . .h. k. hartzeh edwin a. kratz ..c. h. mills. george w. langford. rynd & allen. george . lanterman . john p. waste. isaiah e. lawrence.. . baker & barrett. charles a. lawric... hamilton, c.w. faculty. . .c. e. heath. . .w. b. graham. . .faculty. . .r. j. jennings. frank l. lewis s. w. thurber. st. thomas, c. w.,.. . .j. h. wilson. ..d. h. reed. . .h. l. loomis. mason r. lyon . .t. j. caldwell. . .g. b. nichols. william f. maltbie . .a. seller. andrew n. martin.. ..cm. martin. . .e. b. harrison. henry b. maxwell... . .faculty. james b. maynard... . .j. b. rounds. james e. mcclellan.. . .j. purdy. students in medicine. name. residence. preceptor. david h. mccluskey pulaski, pa., c. k. riley. thomas j. mccord glarksciue, ark., j. e. tefft. george f. mcdowell fluthing, c. v. tyler. charles h. mcgorray roc/tester, n. y. c. a. rider. james r, mcgurk mooretotcn, c. tp, a. w. gamble. montraville mchenry, cambra, pa., barrett & chapin. william m. mckclvy, ada, ., j. w. walters. levi f. mckenna, new lexington, ., j. g. f. holston. james mckenzie, internees, c. e., a hill. william r. mckenzie, sparta, iu., faculty. william y. mclcod, exeter, c. tp, t. t. coleman. dngald mcmillan, london, c. tp, j. ferguson. pierce e. mcmillan new york city t. b. smith. royal mcshea seaforth, c. tp, t. t. coleman. william o. mendenhall watseka, iu., jewitt & alter. sylvester w. mcrritt, smithvitte, c. tp., j. w. alway. john w. merry. hamilton, ind., g. w. carpenter. rogers w. miller, south dansviue,n.y.,.j. w. miller. william f. mitchell, lancaster, mo., w. s. lambert. andrew j. moore, st. thomas, c. tp, j. h. wilson. george p. morey livonia, n. y., c. h. richmond. anson h. morrison, alton, iu., h. williams. john p. morrison, morriston, c. tp. e. w. mcguire. peter j. morrison, victoria, c. tp, cm. aikman. albert j. murdock, rensselaer fattt, n.y.,.t. murdock. james mulhern, weuedy, c. tp, w. waldon. john j. mulheron, waterloo, c. tp, r. f. reynold. gustavus moeller waconsta, s. e. hazard. jchn murray, fingal, c. tp, james hanghlin. j&s. clinton m. neal marion, ind., william lomax. darwin e. newcomb, centervule, d. s. stevens. james m. newman, montrose, pa., c. c. raiser. harrison a. nichols ann arbor, c. c. kingsbury. john north, springcille, iowa, j. s. love. thomas b. norvall, springville, ind., f. w. beard. john c. o'connor, watson, iu., c. e. elliott. james p. omich, richmond, d. g. gleason. alexander o'neill, ann arbor, dr. voorhies. byron j. ormsby, hamilton, n. t., f. d. bccbe. frank k. owen, albany, mo., g. f. peery. austin e. palmer, leroy, n. y., s. barrett. denliam d. palmer, locke, n. y., n. mead. s faculty. rev. erastus o. haven, d. d., ll. d., president. hon. james v. campbell, ll. d., hon. charles i. walker, hon. thomas m. cooley, hon. ashlevt pond, m. a. seniors. name. residence. edgar aldrich, colebrook, jv. h. john b. alexander, oswego, n. y. alexander d.anderson, mansfield, conn. alexander s. anderson, new bedford, pa. robert b. archibald, liockford, iii. william a. atchi.-on, belleville, iii. albert ii. babcock, dundee. dwight b. backenstose, geneva, n. y. sperry baker, canton, pa. alonzo l. bardin, jamaica, n. y. william h. barlow, charleston, iii. charles g. barnd, sheweyville, iowa. james w. beach, lancaster, wis. edward l. bedford, warren, pi. arthur s. bell, kokomo, ind. robert c. bell, muncie, ind. john c. bigger, freeport, iii. john d. boardmau, dixon, iii. frank bracelin, allegan. john h. brawley, cincinnati, . john brighain, jr., goodrich. marriott brosius, christiana, pa. michael brown, pulaski, ind. john j. brown, columbus city, ind. john w. burton, georgia, ind. roger w. buttertield, monroe. james cameron, beaver c. ii., pa. robert a. campbell, windsor, iii. george carson, scipio, ind. joseph n. carter, tuscola, iii. robert w. carter, middletown, ind. students in law. name. residence. abraham h. stutsman, marshall m. turner, . theodore m. walkw,.. george r. williams,.. edward m. williams,.. juniors. name. residence. students in law. name. residence. f .. huntington, ind. . .flint. .. dimock, pa. .. ionia. .. oxford, ind. .. burton, lid. . .albion. .. south bend, ind. .. brady. . .ackicorth, jvt ii. .. boscobel, wis. .. shortscille, at. y. .. new athens, . .. centralia, pa. .. cleveland, . ..deerfteld. .. richmond. . waterloo, k y. .. grand bapids. .. sevastopol, ind. .. belleville. .. flint. .. kankakee, iii. william b. carlock, ..bloomington, iii. .. blissfield. ..earlville, iii. .. canton, y. .. lima. william c. chubb, .. niles. henry p. churchill, .. homer. .. jericho, vt. ..toledo, . , , oshkosh, wis. . .dawson, iii. .. millersburg, . • students in law. name. residence. .. butler. .. cleveland, . .. warrensburgh, mo. .. bremen, . .. ann arbor. ..la crosse, wis. .. detroit. .. marsailles, iii. .. wilmington, . .. milford center, . . , mi. carrol, iii. .. yohogehney, pa. . .milwaukee, wis. . .ann arbor. .. wapacca, wis. .. hampton, iowa. , .. janesville, wis. .. manitowoc, wis. .. inpeer. . . abingdon, . .. lyons. .. bremen, . .. iiondolet, k y. .. aurora, iii. .. pittsburg, ind. , . waeoitsta. john w. mitchell, .. st. joseph, mo. . .auburn, ind. .. chili, ind. . .ann arbor. . . richmond, ind. . . springfield, . .. decatur, . .. frecport, iii. ... lewiston, iii. stud nts in law. name. residence. .. manchester, iowa. .. pana, iii. holly. .. gentryville, mo. .. south hero, vt. . .providence, li. i. .. champaign, iii. . .morrisville, vt. .. titusville, pa. .. staunton, iii. .. panama, n. y. .. romeo. david p. reed, .. middletown, . : flint. william p. roberts, .. gwynedd, pa. .. .ann arbor. . .decatur. .. mason. , kent, . .. fort wadsworth, d. t. .. cleveland, . .. wabash, iud. .. grass lake. .. springfield, ind. ..bay city. walter p. smith, , . hardwick, vt. .. marcelhis. y. .. tecumseh. ..avilla, ind. .. chelsea. ..jones corners, . .. decatur, iii. ., cassopolis. davin b. t aylor, .. chelsea. .. havana, iii. .. almont. general information. the number of students during the year closing july st, , was as follows: department of science, i/tcrature and the arts, ; department of medicine and surgery, ; department of law, . total, , . - the number of graduates during the year, was as follows: bachelor of arts, ; bachelor of science, ; civil engi- neering, ; mining engineer, ; master of arts, ; master of science, ; doctor of medicine, ; bachelor of laws, . total, . the fund of the university is derived from the sale of lands grauted by congress to the state for that purpose, from which the salaries of the professors are paid, and hence the charges made to students, are small. further general descriptions are found towards the close. ^cpartnunt of j^timct, ^itttntntt, ana t	 ^|rts. requirements for admission. i.—general requirements. all candidates for admission to any course of study must be at least fourteen years of age, and are expected to present satisfactory evidence of good moral character. candidates for advanced standing will be examined in the previous studies of the course which they propose to enter, and, if they come from another college, will present certifi- cates of honorable dismission. entering the university will be regarded as a pledge to obey all its rules and regulations. candidates for the classical course of study, and for either of the scientific courses, and tor civil engineering, mining engineering, and for selected studies, will all be examined in english grammar and geography. a thorough knowledge of the entire subject of english grammar, ineluding orthography, etymology, syntax, pros- ody, and punctuation, is required. a good knowldege of the general theory of geography, and a familiar acquaintance with the special geography of europe and the united states, are also required. candidates for the classical course will all also be exam- ined in ancient geography. ii.—particular requirements for the classical course. candidates for admission to the classical course must sustain an examination in the following studies: . mathematical.—arithmetic; algebra, to quadratic equa- tions, and the first, third, and fourth books of davies' legendre, or an equivalent in other authors. requirements for admission. . latin.—latin grammar; four books of cassar's com- mentaries; six select orations of cicero; six books of the ^eneid, with special reference to the prosody; forty-four exercises in arnold's latin prose compo sition. . greek.—greek grammar; whiton's companion book to hadley's grammar; xenophon'sanabasis to the fourth book; and all of arnold's greek prose composition. iii.—particular requirements for either scientific course. candidates will be examined in the following studies: . mathematics.—arithmetic; algebra, through the first seven chapter's of ray's algebra, part ii; or, what is equivalent, a thorough knowledge of the subject through equations of the second degree, including the calcu- lus of radicals; geometry, the first, third and fourth books of davies' legendre, or an equivalent in other authors. j}, physics.—the following studies as contained in elemen- tary works on natural philosophy : properties of mat- ter; laws of motion ; laws of falling bodies; mechan- ical powers^ hydrodynamics; and pneumatics. the examination will be on principles without regard to authors. candidates for the latin and scientific course will be .examined in all the studies required for the classical course, except greek. iv.—requirements for selected studies. * 'those who do not desire to become candidates for a degree may be admitted to any part of the classical or either scientific course, for such time as they may choose, in case they exhibit satisfactory evidence of such proficiency as will admit them to the freshman class, in the classical or either scientific course, or will enable them to proceed advantage- ously in the particular studies which they propose to pursue. courses of instruction. french: grammar, and translation. surveying: gillespie's, and use of instruments in the field, (half the semester. descriptive geometry: dovies', (half the semester). history: patton's history of the united states, (half the semester). mathematics: general geometry, (half the semester). sophomoke year. second semester. french: select headings. english literature: (two fifths of the semester. geometrical drawing: shading, tinting, and perspective, (three fifths of the semester. mathematics: general geometry, continued, and differential and integral calculus. german: physics: zoology: master. rhetoric: mester). junior year fir t semester. otto's grammar. silliman's physics. lectures, (half of the se- whateley, (half of the se- econd semester. german: grammar, and transla- tions. history: lord's modern history, (half of the semester). logic, and political economy, (half of the semester). chemistry: lectures, (three fifths of the semester.) astronomy, descriptive, (two fifths of the semester.) senior first semester. mental philosophy: same as in the classical course. geology: same as in the classical course. german: translations, ( weeks). history: same as in the classical course. elective studies: same as in the classical course, except greek. year. second semester. moral philosophy: same as in the classical course. geology: same as in the classical course. german: translations, ( weeks). elective studies: same as in the classical course, except latin. second scientific course. this course is the same as the first scientific course, through the freshman and sophomore years. courses of instruction. sophomore year. first semester. latin: horace, odes; prosody, (em- bracing one-half of the semes- ter.) history: patton's history of the united states, (half of the se- mester.) french: grammar and translation. mathematics: trigonometry, and general geometry. first eme ter. german; otto's grammar. physics; silliman's physics; surveying; (half of the semester.) rhetoric; whately, (half of the se- mester.) first semester. mental philosophy. geology: lectures on lithological geology, (all but nine weeks of the semester.) latin: tacitus, (tyler's); essays in latin; lectures on roman his- tory, (nine weeks.) history: gulzot on civilization in europe, (the last six weeks.) elective studies: analytical chem- istry, (in laboratory.)' german; zoology; geometrical drawing; higher mathematics. second semester. latin: horace, continued; roman history and antiquities. english literature: (two-fifths of the semester.) geometrical drawing: shading, tinting, and perspective, (three- fifths of the semester.) mathematics: differential and in- tegral calculus. junior year. second semester. german: grammar, continued; translations. latin: quintllian, (frieze's); es- says in latin; lectures by the professor on roman literature (three-fifths of the semester.) history: lord's modern hlstors", (two-fifths of the semester.) chemistry and mineralogy: lec- tures by the professor, (three- fifths of the semester.) astronomy: course of descriptive astronomy, (two-fifths of the semester.) senior year. second semester. moral philosophy. geology: lectures by the profes- sor, (all but nine weeks.) elective studies: analytical chem- istry, (in laboratory.) german; latin; zoology; geometrical drawing; italian language; spanish language. courses of instruction. course of civil engineering. this course is the same as the second scientific course up to second semester of the junior year; and also the same in the second semester of the junior year; except that machine drawiug is not elective but required. senior year. first semesteii. geology: same as in the preceding courses. mechanics: theory of resistance' of materials; of bridges, roofs, &c, (nine weeks), godesy; theory and use of engi- neering instruments, and field works. (half of semester). geographical drawing: (half of the semester). higher astronomy: (six weeks.) second semester. geology: the same as in the prece- ding courses. engineering: theory of motors and general lectures by the professor. drawing: plans and elevations of engineering structures. elective studies: in both semes- ters architectural drawing, and the same as in preceding coursos, except greek and latin. graduates of the classical course may receive the degree of civil engineer by passing an examination in the subjects specially pertaining to engineering. also graduates of other colleges will be entitled to the same privilege. course in mining engineering. this course of study is presented only as it pertains to the junior and senior years. to enter upon the junior year the student must have passed examination in the mathemati- cal studies required to the close of the freshman year. junior year. first semester. surveying: land, topographical, and railroad. drawing: geometrical, tinting and shading. geodesy: theory and use of instru- ments. descriptive geometry. second semester. chemistry: lectures by the profes- sor, and work in the laboratory. geology: same as in senior year of other courses. drawing: shadows and perspec- tive. courses of instruction. chemistry: qualitative analysis, and determinative mineralogy. geology: with special reference to mining districts. practical operations: the theory of shafts, adits, tunnels, construc- tion of furnaces, <sc. drawing: continued. senior year. second semester. chemistry: quantitative analysis. metallurgy: reducing of ores and assaying. practical operations: continued. general lectures on mining, the above courses of study are more fully explained under the following divisions: i. —rhetoric and english literature. besides the regular studies mentioned in the several courses above, all th" students have instruction and exercises in vocal culture, deelamation of selected and original pro- ductions, and in the preparation of essays, &c, subject to criticism by the professor. the junior class hold a public exhibition, and members of the senior class have public exercises on " class day," and on commencement day. ii. —latin language and literature. this study embraces a select series of the latin classics, accompanied by progressive exercises in the analysis and com- position of the language, and a course of lectures on the his- tory, literature, and antiquities of rome. first year.—cicero de amicitla; livy, lincoln's; latin prose composi- tion. second year.—horace, lincoln's; terence; prosody; roman history and antiquities. third year.—quintilian, frieze's; essays in latin; lectures on roman literature. fotnttn year.—tacitus, tyler's; essays in latin; lectures on roman his- tory. teachers' class.—frieze's virgil. iii. —greek language and literature. the instruction in greek extends through the first two years, with one semester in the third, and one semester in the fourth year. courses of instruction. first year.—xenophon's anabasis, (boise's edition,) and selections from thucydides. a considerable portion of the time is also devoted to les- sons in the grammar, and to exercises in boise's greek prose composi- tion. second year.—further selections from thucydides are read; and also selec- tions from homer's iliad, the exercises in greek composition are con- tinued, and english essays arc required of the class on topics relating particularly to the authors which are studied, or in general to the age in which they lived. third year.—the oration of demosthenes on the crown, (champlln's edi- tion.) essays are required of the class, and lectures are delivered by the instructor, on subjects connected with the age of athenian orators. fourth year.—plato's apology of socrates, and selections from the memo- rabilia of xcnophon, and read in connection with a more general study of the grecian philosophy. the course is not always limited to the above-mentioned authors, but may be varied in different years. the following works are particularly recommended as books of reference in the classical course: hadley's greek grammar; smith's dictionary of antiqutles; kuehner's greek grammar; smith's dictionary of biography and andrews' and stoddard's latin gram- mythology; mar; finlay's or long's ancient atlas; harkness' latin grammar; spruner's ancient atlas; bullion's latin grammar; kieperts atlas von hellas; zumpt's latin grammar; becker's charlcles; andrews' latin lexicon; becker's gallus; bullion's latin lexicon; grote's and thlrlwall's histories of smith'r dictionary of ancient geog- greece; raphy; arnold's histories of rome; liddell <fc scott's greek-english lexi- merivale's fall of the roman repub- con; lie. iv.—modern languages and literature. the subjects taught embrace: . the french and german languages. . french and german literature. . the general principles of comparative philology. the method of instruction comprises translations, written and oral exercises, examinations and lectures. the following text-books are used: fasquelle's french method; racine and mollere; grammaire francaise uenogl et chap- otto's german grammar; sal; adler's german reader; knapp's reader; adler's handbook of german lltera- dumas napoleon,(fasquclle's edition) ture. courses of instruction. in connection with the lectures on comparative philol- ogy and modern literature, the following books of reference are recommended as most accessible to the student: bunsen's philosophy of universal history; dwight's modern philology; max muller's science of language and survey of languages; dr. donaldson's new cratylus and varronlanus; wedgewood's etymological dictionary; garnet's philological essays. the works of renan, ilask, plctet, nodler and william von humboldt; seheler's dlctionnaire d'etyinologie francalse; taylor's survey of german poetry; vllmar's and gervinus' histories of german literature; carlyle's essays; histolre de la lltterature francalse par demogeot. fours de lltterature francalse par vlllemalu; vlnet's french literature of the eighteenth century. lltterature francalse par nlsard. v.—history. an effort will be made, first, to conduct the student through a careful review of general history. second, to give some insight into the philosophy of history. third, to lay the foundation for a thorough study of the political and con- stilotional history of our own country. those who enter the university without classical prepar- ation, will find great advantage in an acquaintance with one or all of the following works: gibbon's decline and fall of the ro- arnold's history of rome; man empire; merivale's history of rome; grote's history of greece; merlvale's rome under the caesars. vi.—mathematics. the course pursued in pure mathematics has reference both to intellectual training and the acquisition of practical knowledge. kay's text-books in elementary geometry and algebra were used in the freshman year. during this year the student is kept pretty elose to the methods of the author; but much stress is laid upon the solution of problems and the performance of all practical exercises tending to promote thoroughness and independent thought. in the sophomore year, while text-books are used a part of the course is given by lectures in order to give greater breadth of view, and to courses of instruction. . a course of lectures and instruction in the elements of zoology; being an elective study during the first semester of the senior year. . a course of lectures on the geology of mines and metallferous regions. a course of lectures and instruction in the elements of geology, during the second semester of the senior year. . during each semester of the college year, a more special and extended course of instruction in some of the departments of geology. zoology, or botany, is offered to candidates for the masters' degrees and others possessing the requisite elementary information. this includes practical instruction in paleontology, the use of the microscope, and in the methods of anatomical research, and a discussion of the general principles of classification. (see also "degrees.") students of these higher courses are permitted to work with the professor in the laboratory connected with this department, and receive such assistance as may bo found neces- sary. the above instruction is amply illustrated by maps, dia- grams, models, and an extensive collection of natural history, an account of which the reader will find under "museum." students in this department enjoy also superior facilities for microscopical observations, on which the successful study of natural history so much depends. the methods of instruc- tion aim to bring the student as much as possible into direct connection with the objects studied, so that nature may convey her own truths, and become her own interpreter. text-books and works of reference. agasslz and gould's zoology; gray's lessons in botany; tenney's natural history; gray's manual of botany; woodward's recent and fossil shells; gray's botanical text-book; owen on the vertebrate skeleton and dana's manual of geology; the teeth; vogt's lehrbuch der geologie; carpenter's general and comparative hall's palaeontology of new york; physiology; pictee's traitt! de paleontologie; agasslz's essay on classification; the various works on american geol- balrd's mammals and birds of north ogy and palaeontology. america; x.—chemistry and determinative mineralogy. the instruction in chemistry is embraced in a course of lectures to the medical class during the first semester, and to the junior class during the second, on elementary chemistry. the institution being well supplied with apparatus, these lec- tures arc fully illustrated by experiments, and are attended by courses of instruction. fibst yeab.—second semester.—geometrical drawing, warren's; topograph- ical drawing, smith's; tinting, shading, and lettering. second yeab.—first semester.—surveying, gillespie's, and descriptive geom- etry, da vies'. second semester.—linear perspective, warren's; theory of shades and shadows. third year.—the studies are the same during this year as in the second scientific course. in drawing, the student is required to construct, accurate- ly and neatly, the figures which are assigned to him from the text-books; also to make projections and perspectives of objects which are placed before him in the drawing-room, and tint and shade them. in surveying, he is required to use the instruments in the field, and make at least three accurate sur- veys, and plats of fields which are assigned him by the instruc- tor. one of these must be made with the compass, one with the transit, and one with the theodolite. the other studies which are pursued during the first three years of the course, are intended to lay that broad foundation of general culture, and to secure that knowledge of the french language, and of mathematics, which arc essential to a successful prosecution of the subjects of the fourth year. fourth year. first semester.—practical astronomy.—computations for time, latitude and longitude. road engineering.—gillespie's roads and railroads; henck's field book for engineers; lectures and field work. engineering instruments.—-the theory, adjustments, and use in the field of the solar compass, transit, theodolite, level, and stadia. geodesy.—railroad surveying. leveling.—theory and practice. drawing.—topographical plans; shades and shadows. resistance of materials and friction.—mathematical theory, and results of experiments. constructions.—analytical investigations of the stability of girder, sus- pension, tubular, and arch bridges; of retaining walls, and frames. second semester.—hydraulics and hydraulic motors.—morln traits' d'hydruuli- que; lectures. machines.—transformation of motion; theory of the fly-wheel, gover- nor, and other parts. qeodesy.—topographical and hydrographical surveying. courses of insteuction. the first semester, intellectual and moral philosophy, and the evidences of christianity; and during the second semester, ^esthetics, and the history of philosophy. xiv.—hygiene, op sanitary science. instruction in this subject will consist of two courses of lectures on the laws of health, under the divisions of per- sonal, mental, domestic, public, and military hygiene; em- bracing so much of anatomy and physiology as may be neces- sary to render the subject practical and intelligible. the object of these lectures is to introduce the student to a knowledge of the facts and principles of life and organiza- tion, and to inculcate such rules for the preservation of "a sound mind in a sound body" as his own interests and the exigencies of the times demand. xv.—logic and political economy. a course of lectures on logic is given during the first semester, before the senior class. during the second semester, instruction by use of a text- book and lectures, is given on political economy. the rules of the university require that every student shall be in his place, at all stated exercises, from the opening to the close of his connection with the university. every instance of absence, tardiness, or failure in recitation, unless a satisfactory excuse be rendered to the proper officer at or before the time of the occurrence, is reported to the faculty. absences are excused after their occurrence only by a vote of the faculty, satisfactory explanation being made in writing, either by the student or by his parent or guardian. all unexcuted delinquencies are registered; and when the number amounts to five, or any number more than five and less than ten, notice thereof is given to the student, and to his parent or guardian. when the number of unexcused delinquencies amounts to ten, the student ceases to be a member of the university. students are also dismissed whenever, in the opinion of the fac- ulty, they are pursuing a course of conduct detrimental to themselves and to the university. students who are not in their places at the opening of the term, must present written excuses from their parents or guardians for the delay. students are not allowed to absent themselves from town without permission from the president. the undergraduate students are reqirred to attend prayers daily in the college chapel, and public worship on the sabbath at any one of the churches in the city of ann arbor which they, or their parents or guardians may select. tapartment of ffltbuint anb gurgerj. i.—terms of admission. every candidate for admission shall exhibit to the faculty satisfactory evidence of a good moral and intellectual charac- ter; a good english education, including a proper knowledge of the english language, and a respectable acquaintance with its literature, and with the art of composition; a fair knowl- edge of the natural sciences, and at least of the more ele- mentary mathematics, ineluding the chief elements of algebra and geometry, and such a knowledge of the latin language as will enable him to read current prescriptions, and appreciate the technical language of the natural sciences and of medi- cine. students are expected to be in attendance upon the first day of the term, as the regular course of instruction will com- mence upon, and continue from, that day; and, by the rule adopted, certificates are issued only for the period of actual attendance. ii.—course of instruction. the annual session commences on the first day of octo- ber, and continues until the last wednesday of march. four lectures are delivered daily. previous to each lec- ture, the students are carefully examined upon the subject of the preceding lecture. the total number of lectures in the term will thus be be- tween six and seven hundred. in addition to this, the class is divided into sections, for examination of various tissues of the body by means of micro- scopes; so that each student has repeated opportunities for becoming familiar with the minute structure of parts, and also the practical working of the instruments; on wednesdays and saturdays. clinics are held for both medical and surgical patients, when examinations are held, prescriptions made, and department of medicine and surgery. additions are constantly being made to the museum, of anatomical and pathological specimens, as well as of speci- mens of the crude materia medica and of pharmaceutical preparations. various friends of the institution have contin- ued to manifest their kindness and interest by sending contri- butions to the different departments. department of law. iv. -library. a well-selected and very useful law library has been purchased, and arranged for the use of students, and which will be open for consultation at all reasonable hours. the rooms of the professors adjoin the library, and they will be ready at all times to furnish to students such aid in their stud- ies and investigations as they may desire. the general libra- ry of the university is also at all times open to the students of this department . hon. richard fletcher, one of the justices of the supreme court of massachusetts, has generously donated to the depart- ment his valuable law library. v. —degrees. the degree of bachelor of laws will be conferred upon such students as shall pursue the full course of two years in this department, and pass an approved examination. it will also be conferred on those who, having attended another law school for a period equal to one year of our course, or prac- ticed law for one year under a license from the highest court of general jurisdiction in any state, shall also pursue one year's course in this eepartment, and pass a like examination. in michigan, the degree entitles the resident graduate to an immediate license to practice in all the courts of the state. candidates for degrees must announce themselves as such to the dean of the faculty, at least three months before com- mencement. they must be twenty-one years of age, and each will be required to prepare and deposit with the faculty, at least one month before graduation, a dissertation not less than forty folios in length, on some legal subject selected by him- self. these theses will be filed and preserved in the library. vi. —books. while several copies of each of the leading text-books will be found in the library, it is exceedingly desirable that stu- dents should supply themselves with such as they may need at their rooms; and each is advised to procure for himself the following: ^ miscellaneous iii. a very large zoological collection, consisting of: st. a complete suit of the birdt which visit michigan, •with most of the mammals of the slate; a nearly complete series of the reptiles found east of vie rocky mountains; two thousand species of mollusca, embracing all the land and fiesh-water forms of the northern and western states, and a considerable collection of the fishes and radiata. d. the trowbridge collection. this is a series of , entries ( , specimens) in most of the classes of the animal king- dom, made by lieut. trowbridge (late professor in the university) upon the pacific coast, with numerous additions from the interior and eastern portions of the continent, supplied by the smithsonian institu- tion. d. smithsonian deposites, consisting of about skins of birds from the arctic birds; entries of marine shells from the indo- pacific, and panama, labeled by mr. p. p. carpenter; and entries of unionidm. th. miscellaneous. donations and collections. the whole number of entries in the zoological cabinet is over , , and the whole number of specimens not less than , . iv. a botanical collection, consisting of: st. the plants of the state, collected by the public surveys, and numbering about , species, , entries, and , specimens. d. the houghton herbarium, collected by the late professor douglass houghton, m. d.. and recently presented to the university by his widow, mrs. r. r. richards. it consists of folio cases of dried and labeled plants from various parts of the united states, and is estimated to contain , species. d. the sager herbajuum, recently presented by prof. abram sager, and containing about , species and , specimens, collected mostly in the new england and 'western states. th. a collection of truncheons of the different varieties of wood growing in the united states, and a few from foreign countries. th. a collection of the seeds of native and cultivated plants. feanbitiatcs for mb mission. directions to candidates foe admission. the regular examination for admission to the department of literature, science, and the arts, will take place an monday and tuesday, september uth and th, , beginning at o'clock a. m. the candidate must be provided with credentials from his last instruc- tor, or from the last institution with which he has been connected. these must be presented to the president, (no. law building,) before the candidate can enter upon his examination. candidates for admission to the medical and law departments will apply first to the steward, at his office, in the museum building, and aber- wards to the secretary of the proper faculty. department of science, literature, and the arts. . january scmi-annual examination begins. "february .. first semester closes. "february.. second semester begins. "march junior exhibition. recess of one week. "april, ... .college exercises resumed. "may examination of seniors. "may (mass day. "june semi-annual examination begins. "june baccalaureate by the president. "june anniversary of alumni. "june ... .commencement. vacation begins. "september. examination of candidates for admission. . "september. first semester of next college year begins "december. . ... .vacation of two weeks begins. department of medicine and surgery, . march ... .term ends; commencement. "october term of next college year begins. department of law. . march term ends; commencement. "october.... term of next college year begins. presented to tzhzie library or rii k | [ f js • ac i i ex-mayors. george sedgwick. e. r. tremain. james kingsley. william s. maynard. philip bach. r. j. barry. john f. miller. charles spoor. e. wells. o. m. martin. christian eberbach. a. h. partridge. w. d. harriman. city officers. mator, silas h. douglass. recorder, stephen m. webster. aldermen, first ward, frederick sorg, • joshua g. leland. second ward, john n. gott, emanuel mann. third ward, jeremiah peek, a. d. seyler. fourth ward, o. c. spafford, g. fauth. fifth ward, g. h. rhodes, a. hammond. sixth ward, c. b. porter, w. d. smith. treasurer, e. j. johnson. citt attorney, z. p. king. marshal, j. h. pebbles. supervisors, first and second wards—robert p. leonard. third and fourth wards—patrick o'hearn. firth and sixth wards—david t. mccollum. justices, j. q;. a. sessions, patrick mckernan, george w. moore, s. g. taylor. constables, charles boylan, t. f. leonard, thomas j. hoskins, john laughlin, n. h. pierce, t. l. hewitt. city chaetee of tub of ann arbor. [no. .] an act to revise and amend an act to incorporate the city of ann arbor, approved april fourth, eighteen hundred and fifty-one, and an act amendatory thereto, approved feb- ruary twelfth, eighteen hundred and fifty-nine ; and also an act amendatory thereto, approved february twenty-fifth, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. title i. incorporation, city and ward boundaries, section i. the people of the state of michigan, enact, that so much of the township of ann arbor, in the county of washtenaw, as is included in the following limits, (including the present city of ann arbor,) to-wit: the south three-fourths of section number twenty, the south three-fourths of the west three-fourths of section number twenty-one, the west three- fourths of section number twenty-eight, entire section number twenty-nine, the north half of section number thirty-two, and the west three-fourths of the north half of section number thirty-three, in township two south, of range six east; and also so much of the east half of the south-east quarter of section number twenty-one, and the east half of the north-east quarter of section number twenty-eight, as lies west of the easterly city of ann arbor. title ii. election and appointment of officers. sec. i. the officers for said city shall be one mayor, one recorder, one maishal, one city attorney, one city treasurer, three supervisors, one to be elected in the first and second wards, one to be elected in the third and fourth wards, and one to elected in the the fifth and sixth wards, who shall be assessors in their respective districts. three street commissioners, one to be appointed in each supervisor district. three, collectors, one tobe elected in each supervisor district. one constable to be elected in each ward. all of which officers shall hold their offices for one year, and until their successors are elected or appointed and qualified, and two aldermen to be elected in each ward, who shall respectively hold their offices for two years and until their successors are elected and qualified; four justices of the peace, who shall respectively hold their offices four years, to commence, except in case of vacancies, on the fourth day of july next after their election. sec. . the inhabitants of said city, having the qualifica- tions of electors under the constitution and laws of this state shall, on the first monday of april in each year, at such place in each ward as the common council shall designate, proceed to elect by plurality of votes, by ballot, from among the quali- fied electors of said city, one mayor, one recorder, one justice of the peace, one marshal for said city; and the qualified elec- tors of the first and second wards shall elect one supervisor {md one collector ;) and the qualified electors of the third and fourth wards shall also elect one supervisor and one collector; and the qualified electors of the fifth and sixth wards shall elect one supervisor and one collector. the qualified electors of each ward shall, at the same time and place, elect one alderman and one constable: provided, that in each ward in which there s charter of the shall, at the time of such election, be no alderman having another year to serve, there shall be two aldermen elected, one for the term of one year and one for the term of two years ; and one alderman shall thereafter be elected annually in each ward, to hold his office for the term of two years and until his suc- cessor is elected and qualified. sec. . at all elections the two aldermen in each ward shall be the inspectors of election, in case they shall attend, and a clerk shall be appointed by the aldermen or inspectors of election, at all elections in each ward. in case the office of the aldermen shall be vacated in said ward, or in case the alder- men, or either of them, shall fail to attend to act as inspectors, the electors present may, viva voce, choose one or more inspec- tors of election to fill the vacancy, and such judges and clerk so chosen, before proceeding to the discharge of their duties, shall make and subscribe an oath or affirmation faithfully and impartially to discharge the duties of their respective offices at such election, which oath or affirmation may be administered by any person authorized to administer oaths. at the close of the polls, the vote shall be canvassed, and a statement thereof proclaimed by one of the inspectors, and a correct statement of the number of votes given for each person shall be made by the clerk, and signed officially by the inspectors and clerk afore- said, and filed with the recorder. it shall be the duty of the common council to meet as soon as conveniently may be after such election, to canvass the votes cast in the respective wards, and to declare and certify the result of such canvass. sec. . it shall be the duty of the recorder, or in case of his neglect so to do, then of the mayor, to cause five days notice of every election to be given, by posting up written or printed notices thereof in three or more public places in each ward of said city: provided, that if notice of any election shall not be given as herein required, it shall be lawful for the electors to meet at the proper time and place,, and hold the election, and in case of the non-attendance or neglect of the proper officers to act, the electors present may, viva voce, choose electors to act in their places: and provided also, that if any city of ann arbor. election of officers under this act, shall not be had on the day when it ought to have been held, the said corporation shall not for that cause, be dissolved, but it shall be lawful to hold such election at any time thereafter, public notice thereof being given as provided in this act. at all elections the polls shall be opened between the hours of nine and eleven o'clock in the forenoon, and be closed at four in the afternoon. whenever in any ward or wards in said city, there shall not be two alder- men to constitute the board of registration of such ward pre- vious to any election, the common council shall, in time, appoint suitable freeholders, resident in such wards, and electors, tem- porary aldermen of such wards, who shall take the oath of office, and have all the powers of aldermen in such wards, and shall hold their offices until the close of the election and of the canvass of the votes in such wards, at the next election after such appointment, and shall, during their continuance in office, act as and be members of the board of registration of such wards, and have all the powers and perform all the duties of members of the board of registration in such wards. sec. . the inhabitants of the said city, being electors under the constitution and laws of the state of michigan, and no others, are declared to be electors under this act, and quali- fied to vote at any such election; and each person offering to vote at any such election, if challenged by an elector of said city, before his vote shall be received, shall take one of the oaths or affirmations provided by the laws of this state for electors at general and special elections, for the time being, which oath or affirmation may be administered to him by either of the inspectors of election. upon taking such oath or affirmation, if duly registered in said ward, he shall forthwith be permitted to vote. in all other respects not herein provided, said election shall be conducted as near as may be in accord- ance with the general statute provided for township elections. sec. . it shall be the duty of the recorder as soon as practicable, and within five days after any election, to notify the officers respectively of their election, who shall, within ten days after receiving such notice, take an oath or affirmation to city of ann arbor. ii in writing, officially signed by him, informing the county clerk that the office of such collector or justice of the peace is vacant. title in. of the powers and duties of officers. sec. i. the mayor shall be the chief executive officer of the city, and shall also be president of the common council, and shall countersign all orders drawn upon the city treasurer, and see that all the officers of said city faithfully comply with and discharge their official duties; that all laws pertaining to the municipal government of said city, and all ordinances and n solutions of the common council are faithfully observed. he shall have the same power as conservator of the peace within the limits of the city as any justice of the peace has, or may by 'law have, and to this end it shall be lawful for him when any person shall in his presence be guilty of a breach of the peace, or a violation of any of the ordinances of the common council punishable by fine or imprisonment, to direct the marshal, or other officer, forthwith to apprehend such offender or offenders, and take him or them before a justice of the peace for said city, who shall, without unreasonable delay, proceed to the ex- amination and trial of the party arrested. he shall also have power, and it shall be his duty, to preserve order and decorum in the council room during the session of the common council, and for this purpose may order any disorderly person to be ar- rested for disorderly or contemptuous conduct in his presence, and imprisoned for a period not exceeding twenty-four hours. sec. . the recorder shall be the city clerk, and shall per- form all the duties and have all the statutory powers of a town- ship or city clerk, in respect to the filing and custody of all pa- pers required to be filed, and the performance of all other statutory duties. he shall keep a record of the proceedings of the common council, and a record of all claims allowed by them. he shall also draw all orders on the treasurer for claims and accounts allowed by the common council, and if required, keep an account as near as may be, to which fund the same belongs. charter of the sec. io. justices of the peace shall have such jurisdiction to hear, try and determine civil and criminal cases, as is given by statute, and shall also have jurisdiction of all cases arising under the charter or ordinances of said city. sec. ii. the recorder, city treasurer, collector and street commissioner shall respectively give bonds to the city in such sums and with such sufficient sureties, conditioned for the faith- ful performance of their respective duties, as shall be ordered and approved by the common council: provided, that any officer performing the duties required by township officers, in regard to the collection of taxes, shall give and file their bonds in such amounts and in such time as is required by the cor- responding township officers; and the several officers above named shall perform all other duties and exercise such powers as may be defined by this charter, and the ordinances of the common council passed in conformity to it. sec. . all other officers shall have such powers and per- form such duties as may be given and required by this act, and the ordinances and resolutions of the common council. title iv. of the powers of the common council. sec i. the mayor, recorder and aldermen, when assem- bled together and organized, shall constitute the common coun- cil of the city of ann arbor, and a majority of the whole (the mayor or recorder always being one) shall be necessary to con- stitute a quorum for the transaction of business, (but alessnum- ber may adjourn from time to time;) and the common council may be summoned to hold their meetings at such time as the mayor, or in case of his absence or inability to act, the recorder may appoint, and at such place as shall have been designated as council room by the common council. the com- mon council shall have power to impose, levy and col- lect such fines as they deem proper, nor exceeding five dollars, for the non-attendance at any meeting of any officer of the corporation, who has been duly notified to attend the same. city of ann arbor. in case of the absence of the mayor or recorder from such meet- ing, the members present may appoint a president or recorder fro tempore. each member of the common council shall be entitled to one rote. sec. . the common council, in addition to the powers and duties specially conferred upon them in this act, shall have the management and control of the finances, rights, interests, buildings and all property, real and personal, belonging to the city, and make such orders and by-laws relating to the same as they shall deem proper and necessary; and further, they shall have power, within said city, to enact, make, continue, modify, establish, amend and repeal such ordinances, by-laws and reg- ulations as they deem desirable, within said city, for the follow- ing purposes: first. to prevent vice and immorality, to preserve public peace and good order, to organize, maintain and regulate a police of the city, to prevent and quell riots, disturbances and disorderly assemblages, to prevent the violation of the sabbath and the disturbance of any religious congregation, or any other public meeting assembled for any lawful purpose; second. to restrain and prevent disorderly and gaming houses and houses of ill-fame, and seize all instruments and de- vices used for gaming, and to prohibit all mock auctions, gaming and fraudulent practices and devices, and to regulate and re- strain billiard tables and bowling alleys. third. to forbid and prevent the vending or other dispo- sition of liquors and intoxicating drinks, in violation of the laws of this state, and to forbid the selling or giving to be drunk, any intoxicating or fermenting liquors to any common drunkards or to any child or young person, and to prohibit, restrain and regulate the sale of all goods, wares and personal property at auction, except in cases of sales authorized by law, and fix the fees to be paid by and to auctioneers; fourth. to prohibit, restrain and regulate all sports, ex- hibitions of natural or artificial curiosities, caravans of ani- mals, theatrical exhibitions, circuses or other public perform- i charter of the city, and to compel such buildings to be erected upon such line, by fine upon the owner or builder thereof, not to exceed five hundred dollars; twentieth. to provide for obtaining, holding, regulating and managing burial grounds, within or without the city, when established for the benefit thereof; to regulate the burial of the dead, and to compel the keeping and return of bills of mor- tality; twenty-first. to establish, order and regulate the mar- kets; to regulate the vending of wood, hay, meat, vegetables, fruits, fish, and provisions of all kinds, and prescribe the time and place of selling the same, and the fees to be paid by butch- ers for license; to prohibit the sale of unwholesome meat, poul- try, fish, vegetables, or other articles of food or provisions; im- pure, spurious or adulterated wine, spirituous liquors or beer, or knowingly keeping or offering the same for sale: provided, that nothing herein contained shall authorize the common council to restrict in any way the sale of fresh and wholesome meats by the quarter, within the limits of the city; twenty-second. to establish, regulate and preserve public reservoirs, wells, penstocks and pumps, and to prevent the waste of water; to authorize and empower, under such regula- tions and upon such terms and conditions as they may choose, the laying of water-pipes in the streets and alleys of the city for the purpose of supplying the inhabitants of said city with water; to grant such exclusive privileges as they may deem expedient, to any company for that purpose, and to regulate the supply and use of the water; twenty-third. to regulate sextons and undertakers for burying the dead; cartmen and their carts, hackney carriages and their drivers, omnibuses and their drivers, scavengers, por- ters and chimney sweeps, and their fees and compensation; and to make regulations for preventing auctions, peddling, pawn- brokerage, or using for hire, carts, drays, cabs, hacks or any kind of carriage or vehicle, or opening or keeping any tavern, hotel, victualing house, saloon, or other house or place for furnishing meals, food or drink, or billiard-tables or ball alleys, city of ann arbor. first. from a copy certified by the recorder of the city of ann arbor; or second. from the volume of ordinances purporting to be printed by the authority of the common council. sec. - the common council shall have power to pur- chase and to hold suitable lot or lots of land, within or without the corporate limits, for the purpose of a city cemetery or ceme- teries, and they shall make such rules and regulations regarding the same as they may deem necessary, and may cause the same to be surveyed into suitable lots, and may dispose of the same to purchasers, and thereupon cause to be executed to such pur- chaser a good and sufficient deed in the corporate name of said city, which deed shall be signed by the mayor and recorder. the cemeteries now existing within the limits of said city shall be subject to all laws, ordinances and resolutions in force in said city, and the common council of the city of ann arbor shall have power and authority to make such by-laws or ordinances and prescribe such rules and regulations as they may deem necessary and expedient for the protection, management and government of any cemetery or burial ground in said city, and to prescribe in and by any such laws or ordinances that any per- son or persons violating any of the- by-laws, ordinances, rules or regulations so made, shall or may, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars, or be im- prisoned in the county jail or house of correction not exceed- ing thirty days, or by both, in the discretion of the court or justice before whom the offender shall be tried. sec. . the common council shall have power, whenever in their opinion the necessities of the city require, to construct a city almshouse, city hall, city market or markets, and city slaughter house, and appoint the keepers or clerks and neces- sary officers thereof, and may locate such city almshouse and city slaughterhouse within or without the city limits, and may make such regulations in regard to the same, as the common council may think proper. sec. . the common council shall, in the month of march i n each year, make out a detailed statement of all the receipts charter of the and expenditures of the corporation for the past year, which statement shall state particularly upon what account all moneys were received, and it shall also specify all appropriations made by the common council during the year, and the particular pur- pose for which each appropriation was made. such statement shall be signed by the mayor and recorder, and be filed in the recorder's office, and a copy thereof shall be published in a newspaper printed in said city for at least two weeks. sec. io. the common council shall have authority to make all by-laws and ordinances relative to the powers, duties and compensation of the officers of said corporation, subject to the restriction as to the compensation of officers mentioned in this act, to provide for the collection and disposition of all fines and penalties which may be incurred under the by-laws and ordi- nances of said city, and to make all such other by-laws, ordi- nances and regulations for the purpose of carrying into effect the powers conferred by this act, which they may deem neces- sary to provide for the safety and good government of the city, and preserve the health and protect the property of the inhabi- tants thereof; and to this end the common council may impose fines and penalties for any violation of the by-laws and ordi- nances which may be made by them as aforesaid. title v. finance and taxation. sec. i. the common council shall examine, settle and allow all accounts and demands properly chargeable against the said city, as well of its officers as other persons, and shall have authority to provide means for the payment of the same, and for defraying the contingent expenses of the said city, subject only to the limitation and restrictions in this act contained. sec. . the common council shall have authority to assess, levy and collect taxes on all the real and personal estate tax- able in said city, which tax shall be and remain a lien upon the property so assessed until the same shall be paid: provided, that they shall not raise by general tax in any one year, exclu- city of ann arbor. sive of school taxes, more than three thousand dollars for gen- eral purposes, nor more than two thousand dollars for street or highway purposes, except as hereinafter stated, unless author- ized thereto by a vote of the property tax payers of said city,who are electors, when convened for that purpose, pursuant to pre- vious notice: provided, the common council shall have the power, at the request of the aldermen,(or either of themi^of any ward, to cause to be levied and collected by tax in such ward, as other taxes, a sum not exceeding one thousand dollars per annum for highway purposes, to be expended in said ward, un- der the direction of the aldermen of said ward. sec. . whenever the common council shall deem it neces- sary to raise a greater sum in any one year, exclusive of school taxes, than three thousand dollars for general purposes, or two thousand dollars for street or highway purposes, they shall give at least five days notice, in writing, to be posted up in five public places in said city, which notice shall state the time and place of meeting, and shall specify the objects and purposes for which the money proposed to be raised is to be expended; and when such meeting shall be assembled in pursuance of such notice, such electors, by a ballot vote, shall determine the amount of money which shall be raised for each object speci- fied in the notice: provided, that such tax shall not, in any one year, exceed one per cent, of the valuation of the real and personal estate taxable within the limits of the city: and pro- vided also, that not more than two such meetings shall be holden in any one year, to determine the amount of tax to be raised. at all such meetings the mayor, or in his absence, the recorder shall preside. sec. . the common council may appoint the aldermen to assist the supervisor in taking the assessment of property in the respective wards where the alderman resides, and all state, county and school taxes in said city, and all city taxes which shall be raised by general tax, shall be levied and collected as near as may be, in the same manner as is provided by law for the assessment and collection of taxes by township officers ; and all proceedings for the return, sale and redemption of real city of ann arbor. sec. . each collector shall, immediately after the receipt of the tax roll and before the first day of december, post up in the postoffice in the said city, and in as many as ten of the most public places in his collection district, conspicuous handbills, giving notice where the tax roll can be seen and taxes paid, and a receipt therefor obtained without expense, at any time be- tween nine o'clock in the forenoon and twelve o'clock, noon, and from one until four o'clock in the afternoon, during the month of december, (sundays and christmas day excepted ;) and the tax roll shall be kept at the place or places mentioned in such handbills from nine o'clock in the forenoon until four o'clock in the afternoon of each day during the month of de- cember, (sundays and christmas days excepted,) so that any person or persons can pay the tax assessed against him or them, and obtain the collector's receipt therefor ;^md on all taxes so paid prior to the first day of january, no fee or per centage be- sides the amount of tax so specified in such roll shall be sec. . the common council may by ordinance pre- scribe what amount, not exceeding three per cent, nor less than one per cent., the collector or collectors may add for his fees to / each tax remaining unpaid on the first day of january, upon his tax roll, and it shall be lawful for each collector to add to each tax remaining unpaid on his roll on the first day of jan- uary, such per centage as the common council may have pre- scribed for the collector's fees, and to collect such per centage with such tax, in the same manner as he is authorized to collect the tax; and for the purpose of collecting such' taxes by the collector, such additional per centage shall be deemed and taken to be a part of the tax. sec. . each collector in said city shall and may proceed to collect the taxes in his collection district, and to pay over money to the county treasurer, and to return to the county treasurer a statement of the taxes remaining unpaid and due, in the manner provided by law for township treasurers, and all the provisions of the laws of this state, relating to the collec- tion of taxes by township treasurers, or to the paying over charged or payable.} charter of the money by township treasurers to the county treasurer, or re- turning by the township treasurer to the county treasurer of a statement of the taxes remaining unpaid and due, are hereby made applicable to the collector or collectors of said city. sec. . each collector shall, on or before the first day of february, account for and pay over to the city treasurer, the full amount of all the taxes contained in his tax roll, deducting the amount to be paid to the county treasurer, and deducting the amount of one per cent, upon all taxes collected by such collector, for the collector's fees for collecting or receiving the same. sec. . no bond, note or other obligation or evidence of indebtedness of said corporation, except orders on the treas- urer, as hereinafter provided, shall ever be given or issued by said corporation, or by any officer thereof, in his official ca- pacity, whereby the said city shall become obligated to pay any money, unless the same shall have been duly authorized by the legislature of this state, and shall have been submitted to and voted for by the tax-payers of said city in conformity to this act, but the common council may allow just claims against the city, and may issue orders therefor on the treasurer, payable on the first day of february next thereafter, but such orders shall not in the aggregate, in any one year, exceed the aggregate of taxes levied to pay the same in such year. all moneys received for the use of said city, shall be paid into the city treasury; and no money shall be drawn from the treasury unless it shall have been preriously appropriated by the common council to the purpose for which it shall be drawn, except school moneys drawn upon lawful authority, and the treasurer shall pay out no money, except as above stated, but upon the written war- rant of the mayor and recorder. title vi. streets, sidewalks and public improvements. sec. i. the common council shall be the commissioners of highways for said city, and shall have the care, supervision and control of the highways, streets, bridges, lanes, alleys, city of ann arbor. parks and public grounds therein, and of keeping, preserving, repairing, improving, cleansing and securing of such high- ways, bridges, lanes, alleys, parks and public grounds. the common council shall have power to regulate the time and manner of working upon the streets; to provide for grading and paving the same; to prevent the obstruction or incumber- ing of any of the streets, lanes, alleys, sidewalks or public grounds in said city; to provide for the erection, preservation and maintenance of lamp-posts and lamps in said streets, and to provide for lighting the same; to provide for the planting and protection of shade trees along the sides of the streets and on public grounds in said city, and to keep such public grounds in good condition; to lay out, open and repair streets and al- leys, and the same to alter and vacate, and to alter and vacate those already laid out. whenever the common council shall be applied to in writing by ten or more freeholders of said city to lay out, establish, open, alter or discontinue any street, com- mon, lane, alley, sidewalk, highway, water-course or bridge, they shall proceed to lay out, establish, open, alter or discon- tinue the same as hereinafter directed: provided, that no second application shall be made within twelve months for that purpose. whenever the common council shall be applied to as before mentioned, to lay out and establish, open, alter or discontine such streets, commons, lanes, alleys, sidewalks, high- ways, water-courses and bridges, the common council shall give notice thereof to the owners or occupants or persons in- terested, or his or their agent or representative, by personal service or by posting up notices in five or more public places in the city, stating the time and place, when and where the common council will meet to consider the same, which notice shall describe the street, lane, common, alley, sidewalk, high- way, water-course or bridge proposed to be laid out, altered, opened, established or discontinued, and which notice shall be posted at least ten days before the time of meeting. if after hearing the persons interested, who may appear before them, the common council shall determine to lay out or alter any street, lane or alley, they may proceed to obtain a release of the city of ann arbor. one dollar for their fees, and the award of said jury shall be final and conclusive. the damages which shall have been awarded as herebefore provided, or which shall have been con- tracted to be paid by said common council as in this section provided, and the fees and charges lawfully incurred shall be levied and collected in said city, and shall be paid on the order of the common council as other city charges, and such order for damages shall be delivered or tendered to the person or persons in whose favor such award of damages sh.ill be made if known, and residents of said city, before such street, lane or alley shall be opened or used: provided, the parties in whose favor an award of damages shall be made are unknown or be non-resi- dents, it shall be sufficient to make the award of damages to the "unknown owner or owners, cr non-resident owner or own- ers" of the parcel of land taken, describing it as the parcel through which street, lane, alley, sidewalk, bridge or highway may run, and the unknown parties or non-residents shall be en- titled to receive their orders as aforesaid upon proof to the com- mon council of their ownership of said property so appropria- ted to the public use. sec. . the common council shall have all the powers given by statute to highway commissioners, so far as applicable, except as herein otherwise provided; and the city recorder shall discharge the like duties as are imposed on the township clerk by the provision of law. sec. . when the damages or compensation aforesaid shall have been paid or tendered to the person entitled thereto, or an order on the city treasurer for the amount of such damages, shall have been executed and delivered, or tendered to such person or persons, if known, and residents of said city, said common council shall then give notice to the owner or occu- pant of the land through which any such highway, street, lane, alley or common, sidewalk, water-course or bridge shall have been laid out, altered or established; or if such owner or occu- pant shall not be known, or be non-resident, then by posting such notice in three public places in the ward or wards in which said property shall be situated, and require him within charter of the such time as they shall deem reasonable, not less than thirty days after giving such notice, to remove his fence or fences; and in case such owner or occupant shall neglect or refuse to remove his fence or fences within the time specified in such no- tice, the said common council shall have full power, and.it shall be their duty to enter with such aid and assistance as shall be necessary, upon the premises and remove such fence or fences, and open such highway, street, lane, alley, sidewalk or water-course, without delay, after the time specified in such notice shall have expired: provided, that in the rural dis- tricts of said city, no person shall be required to remove his fence or fences between the first day of may and the first day of november. sec. . no person shall be deemed to have gained any title as against the city by lapse of time, to any street, lane, alley, common or public square heretofore laid out or platted by the proprietor or proprietors of said city, or any part thereof, by reason of any encroachment or enclosure of the same. sec. . the common council shall have power to cause the expense of making, paving and opening streets, lanes and alleys, of grading, paving or planking sidewalks, of making drains, sewers, water-courses and ditches, and other local im- provements to be assessed against the owners or occupants of the lots or premises which are in front of or adjoining such improvements, or by general tax, as they may deem just and proper: provided, that no such assessment shall be made or collected other than by general tax, unless upon the application in writing of two-thirds of all the resident owners or occupants of the real estate which may be subject to pay the tax for such local improvement; and the common council shall have power to make all by-laws and ordinances relative to the mode of as- sessing, levying and collecting such tax, and they may, by such by-laws and ordinances, provide that the real estate assessed for such improvements, may be sold or leased for a term of years to pay such assessment. sec. . the common council shall have power to assess and collect from every white male inhabitant of said city over city of ann arbor. the age of twenty-one years (except paupers, idiots and lunatics) an annual capitation or poll tax not exceeding one dollar, and they may provide by their by-laws for the collection of the same; and the street commissioner shall have and possess all the powers given by statute to overseers of highways in the collection of highway taxes assessed against individuals in townships, except as is otherwise provided by the ordinances or by-laws of said common council: provided, that any per- son assessed for a poll tax may pay the same by one day's labor upon the streets, under the direction of the street commissioner, who shall give to each person so assessed, notice of the time and place when and where such labor will be required; and the money raised by poll tax, or the labor in lieu thereof, shall be expended or performed in the respective wards where the person so taxed shall reside. sec. . the common council shall have power to provide for keeping clear, repairing and renewing, when necessary, all sidewalks that are now made, or may hereafter be made, planked or paved, within the city of ann arbor, and to make rules and ordinances to require the respective owners or occu- pants of real estate in said city, having a sidewalk in front thereof, to keep it clear and in good repair, or renew when necessary the sidewalk in front of the premises owned or occu- pied by them respectively, and the common council shall have power to provide for enforcing by fine or otherwise, the repair, clearing or renewing the sidewalks, against the owner or occu- pant, whose duty it is to repair, clear and renew the same, and may prescribe the time and manner of notifying and requiring persons to clear, repair or renew such sidewalks, preparatory to imposing fine or penalty, and the manner of imposing, levy- ing and collecting any such fine or penalty, and may prescribe the manner of assessing, levying and collecting from the person or persons liable to pay, from their goods and chattels, or by sale or by lease for years of the premises, in front of which such sidewalk shall be; and if by reason of the neglect of the owner or occupant, whose duty it may be at the time, to clear, repair, or renew the same shall have been repaired or renewed city of ann arbor. a proper number of firemen, not exceeding eighty to each en- gine, such numbers of hook and ladder men, and such number of tub and hose men, as may be appointed by the said com- mon council, all to have privileges and exemptions of firemen, and to hold their appointment during the pleasure of the com- mon council. sec. . the common council may make rules and regula- tions for the government of the said engineers, wardens, firemen, hook and ladder men, and tub and hosemen; may prescribe their respective duties in case of fire or alarms of fire; may direct the dresses and badges of authority to be worn by them; may prescribe and regulate the time and manner of their exer- cise, and may impose reasonable fines for the breach of any such regulations. sec. . the engineers and fire wardens, under the direc- tion of the common council, shall have the custody and general superintendence of the fire engines, engine house, hooks, lad- ders, hose, public cisterns, reservoirs and other conveniences for the extinguishment and prevention of fires, and it shall be their duty to see that the same are kept in order, and to see that the by-laws and ordinances relative to the prevention and extin- guishment of fires are duly executed, and to make detailed and particular reports of the state of their department, and of the conduct of the firemen, hook and ladder men, tub and hose men, to the common council at stated periods, to be prescribed by the common council, and to make such reports to the mayor whenever required by him; the certificate of the recorder that a person is or has been a fireman shall be evidence of the facts in all courts and places, and proof of the genuineness of such certificate. sec. the common council may, by ordinance, direct the manner in which the bells of the city shall be tolled or rung in cases of fire or alarms of fire, and may impose penalties for ringing or tolling of such bells in such manner at any other time than during a fire or alarm of fire. sec. . the common council may provide suitable com- pensation for any injury that any fireman, hook and ladder man, city of ann arbor. which they shali deem necessary or expedient, for the preser- vation of health and^suppression of disease in the city, and to carry into effect and execute the powers hereby granted. sec. . the owner, driver, conductor, or person in charge of any stage coach, railroad car or other public conveyance which shall enter the city, having on board any person sick of malignant fever or pestilential or infectious disease, shall, within two hours after the arrival of such sick person, report in writing the fact, with the name of such person, and the house or place where he was put down in the city, to the mayor, or some mem- ber or officer of the board of health, and any and every neglect to comply with the provisions, or any of them, shall be a mis- - demeanor, punishable with fine and imprisonment. sec. . any person who shall, knowingly bring or pro- cure, or cause to be brought into the city, any property of any kind, tainted or infected with any malignant fever or pestilen- tial or infectious disease, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by fine and imprisonment. sec. . every keeper of an inn, or boarding house or lodging house, in the city, who shall have in his house at any time any sick traveler or stranger, shall report the fact and name of the person in writing, within six hours after he came to board or was taken sick therein, to the mayor, or some offi- cer or member of the board of health; every physician in the city shall report, under his hand, to one of the officers above named, the name, residence and disease of every patient whom he shall have sick of any infectious or pestilential disease, within six hours after he shall have visited such patient. a violation of either of the provisions of sections four, five and six, or any part of either of them, shall be a misdemeanor, punishable by fine and imprisonment, the fine not to exceed one hundred dollars, nor the imprisonment six months. sec. . all fines imposed under this title, shall belong to the city, and when collected shall be paid into the treasury, and be devoted to the maintenance and support of the pest-house, or of any hospital that may hereafter be established by the city. charter of the sec. . the common council shall have power to pass and enact such by-laws and ordinances as they from time to time shall deem necessary and proper for the filling up, drain ing, cleansing, cleaning and regulating any grounds, yards, basins, or cellars, within the said city, that shall be sunken, damp, foul, incumbered with filth and rubbish or unwholesome, and for filling, or altering and amending all sinks and privies within the said city, and for directing the mode of constructing them in future, and to cause all such works as may be neces- sary for the purpose aforesaid and for the preservation of the public health and the cleanliness of the city, to be executed and done at the expense of the city corporation, on account of the persons respectively, upon whom the same may be assessed, and for that purpose cause the expenses thereof to be estimated, assessed and collected, and the lands charged therewith sold in case of non-payment, the same as is provided by law with respect to other public improvements within said city, and in all cases when the said by-laws or ordinances shall require any- thing to be done in respect to the property of several persons, the expenses thereof may be included in one assessment, and the several houses and lots in respect to which such assessment shall have been incurred, shall be briefly described in the man- ner required by law in the assessment roll for the general ex- penses of the city, and the sum of money assessed to each owner or occupant of any such house or lot, shall be the amount of money expended in making such improvement upon such premises, together with a ratable proportion of the expenses of assessing and collecting the money expended in making such improvements. sec. . whenever, in the opinion of the common council, any building, fence, or other erection of any kind, or any part thereof, is liable to fall down, and persons or property may thereby be endangered, they may order any owner or occupant of the premises on which said building, fence, or other erection stands, to take down the same or any part thereof within a reasonable time, to be fixed by their order, or immediately, as the case may require, or may immediately, in case the order is city of ann arbor. miscellaneous provisions. sec. i . the mayor or chairman of any committee or special committee of the common council shall have power to admin- ister any oath, or take any affidavit in respect to any matter pending before the common council or such committee. sec. . any person may be required to take any oath or affirmation, under or by virtue of any provision of this act, who shall, under such oath or affirmation, in any statement or affi- davit, or otherwise, wilfully swear falsely as to any material fact or matter, shall be deemed guilty of perjury. sec. . if any suit shall be commenced against any per- son, elected or appointed under this act to any office, for any act done or omitted to be done under such election or appoint- ment, or against any person haring done any thing or act by the command of any such officer, and if final judgment be ren- dered in such suit, whereby any such defendant shall be enti- tled to costs, he shall recover double costs in the manner defined by law. sec. . the common council of said city is hereby au- thorized and required to perform the same duties in and for said city as are by law imposed upon the township boards of the several townships of this state, in relation to schools, school taxes, county and state taxes, and state, district any county elections; and the supervisors and assessors, justices of the peace and recorder, and all other officers of said city, who are required to perform the duties of township officers of this state, shall take the oath, give the bond, perform like duties, and re- ceive the same pay and in the same manner, and be subject to the same liabilities as provided for the corresponding township officers, excepting as is otherwise provided in this act, or as may be provided by the ordinances of the common council. sec. . the ordinances now in force in the city of ann arbor shall remain in force until repealed, altered or amended by the common council; and all property, rights, credits and effects of every kind, belonging to either of the corporations charter of the city of ann arbor. known as the village of ann arbor or of the city of ann arbor, shall be and remain the property of the said city of ann arbor. sec. . all acts heretofore enacted in regard to the village of ann arbor, or the city of ann arbor, coming within the purview of this act, are hereby repealed: provided, that the repealing of said acts aforesaid shall not affect any act already done, or any right acquired under, or proceeding had or com- menced by virtue thereof, but the same shall remain as valid as if said acts remained in full force: and provided further, that all persons now holding office in the city of ann arbor, under the acts hereby repealed, shall continue to hold and exer- cise the duties of such offices during the term for which they were respectively elected, unless by change of boundaries they shall cease to reside in the ward or district for which they were elected. sec. . this act shall not be construed so as to change, alter or annul any act heretofore passed for the organization or government of school district number one, of the city and town- ship of ann arbor, sec. . this act shall be deemed a public act, and shall be favorably construed in all courts. sec. . this act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. approved march , . amendments to the charter of the city of akn aebor. [no. .] a bill to amend an act entitled "an act to revise and amend an act to incorporate the city of ann arbor," approved april fourth, eighteen hundred and fifty-one, and an act amendatory thereto, approved february twelfth, eighteen hundred and fifty-nine, and also an act amendatory thereto, approved february twenty-fifth, eighteen hundred and sixty-one, approved march twenty-third, eighteen hundred and sixty-seven. section i. the feople of the state of michigan, enact, that section two of title two of said act be amended so as to read as follows: « sec. . the inhabitants of said city, having the qualifica- tions of electors, under the constitution and laws of this state, shall on the first monday of april, in each year, at such place in each ward, as the common council shall designate, proceed to elect, by plurality of votes, by ballot from among the qualified electors of said city, one mayor, one recorder, one justice of the peace for said city; and the qualified electors of the first and second wards shall elect one supervisor^and one collector;) and the qualified electors of the third and fourth wards shall also elect one supervisoij/and one collector^ and the qualified electors of the fifth and sixth wards shall also elect one super- visor one collector j) the qualified electors of each ward shall, at the same time and place, elect one alderman and one a amendments to the charter constable: provided, that in each ward in which there shall, at the time of such election, be no alderman having another year to serve, there shall be two aldermen elected, one for the term of one year and one for the term of two years, and one alderman shall thereafter be elected annually in each ward, to hold his office for the term of two years and until his successor is elected and qualified. sec. . that section seven of title two of said act be amended so as to read as follows: sec. . the officers of said city to be appointed by the common council shall be a marshal, treasurer, attorney, a chief engineer of the fire department, and two assistants ; a street com- missioner for each supervisor district, and such other officers whose election is not herein specifically provided for, as the common council shall deem necessary, to carry into effect the powers granted by this act, and to remove the same at pleasure. the common council shall also have power to remove the mar- shal at pleasure; and in case any office in said corporation shall become vacant from any cause, the common council shall, as soon as may be, appoint an officer to fill such vacancy for the unexpired portion of the year; and all officers so appointed shall be notified and qualified as herein directed. sec. . that section eleven of title three of said act be amended so as to read as follows: sec. i. the marshal, recorder, city treasurer/collector, and street commissioner shall respectively give bonds to the city in such sums and with such sufficient sureties, conditioned for the faithful performance of their respective duties as shall be or- dered and approved by the common council: provided, that any officer performing the duties required by township officers in regard to the collection of taxes, shall give and file their bonds in such amounts, and in such time as is required by the corresponding township offiers; and the several officers above named shall perform all other duties and exercise such powers as may be defined by this charter, and the ordinances of the common council passed in conformity to it. ordinances of the city of ann arbor. [no. i.] an ordinance relative to pounds and to prevent cattle running at large. be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor. section i. the common council of the city of ann arbor shall, as soon as practicable, provide two suitable pounds, one to be located north of huron river to be styled "north pound," the other south of huron river to be styled "south pound ;" and shall appoint a pound keeper for each pound, who shall hold the office until another is appointed in his place. sec. . it shall be the duty of each pound keeper to re- ceive from any person, whose duty it is by this ordinance to drive the same, all animals so drove to the pound under his charge, to pay for driving, to safely keep, care for and feed, to deliver to the owner upon receiving his fees with all expenses, and to give notice and sell the same if not taken away in ac- cordance with this ordinance; he shall keep an account of all sales with a description of the animal sold, the amount for which it was sold, with the name of the purchaser, the cost and charges against such, crediting the balance to the city, and if paid to the owner state to whom and take his receipt therefor; he shall file a copy of such record with his account and receipt and the city treasurer's receipt with the recorder between the « ordinances of the first and fifteenth day of march in each year, immediately pre- ceding which he shall pay to the city treasurer all balances in his hands. sec. . it shall be unlawful for any horse, mare, mule, colt, bull, ox, steer, cow, calf, hog, shoat, pig, sheep, goose, or duck to go at large within the limits of the city of ann arbor; it shall be lawful for any person and it shall be the duty of the marshal and each of his deputies and of each constable of said city to drive the same to pound or cause the same to be so driven, and for driving the same to pound as aforesaid the mar- shal, constable, or any person employed by the marshal, shall be entitled to receive twenty cents for each horse, mare, mule, colt, bull, ox, steer, cow, calf, hog, or shoat, and five cents for each sucking pig, sheep, goose or duck. sec. . the pound keeper shall be entitled to the same fees for receiving that the driver is for driving each animal, together with reasonable charges for keeping and feeding, not exceeding twenty-five cents per day which shall be paid him by the owner thereof or by some other person, before such animal shall be released from the pound,and if the owner shall not pay the fees for driving, impounding, and all reasonable charges within forty-eight hours after the same is impounded, then the pound keeper shall sell such animal at public vendue at the pound, giving three days notice thereof by advertisements posted at the pound, at the nearest public house, and at the post-office in said city, except the geese and ducks which may be sold after forty- eight hours detention without notice, two or more bidders being present; the pound keeper shall be entitled to receive out of proceeds of the sale fifty cents for advertising each lot of ani- mals and five per cent, on amount of sale for selling, he shall return the surplus to the owner of such animal, provided it shall be demanded previous to its being paid to the city treasurer. sec. . it shall be the duty of the marshal, and each of his deputies, to carry the provisions of this ordinance into effect, and upon complaint, before any justice of the peace in said city of a neglect or failure, after due notice, to drive or cause to be driven to the pound any horse, mare, mule, colt, bull, ox, city of ann arbor. steer, cow, calf, hog, shoat, pig, sheep, goose, or duck found running at large in said city, with proper proof thereof, he shall on conviction be sentenced to a fine of not less than one dollar nor more than five dollars together with cost of prosecution. sec. . if either of the pound keepers shall refuse to re- ceive any animals driven to the pound, in accordance with this ordinance, or shall wilfully neglect any other duty hereby pre- scribed he shall upon conviction pay a fine of one dollar and cost of prosecution, and if he shall neglect to render a correct account and to pay over whatever balance there may be in his hands according to section two, he shall upon complaint and conviction before any justice of the peace in said city, pay a fine of not less than ten dollars, together with the amount of all moneys ascertained to be in his hands, and costs of prosecution. sec- . if any person shall wilfully break or attempt to break either of the pounds in said city or rescue or attempt to rescue any animal confined therein, or while being driven there- to, or attempt to prevent the same from being retaken, provided it shall have escaped, he shall upon conviction thereof be fined not exceeding fifty dollars and costs of prosecution, or im- prisoned ten days and costs of prosecution, or both, according to discretion of the court. sec. . the marshal or his deputies shall not be under obligation to drive milch cows to pound, between o'clock a. m., and o'clock p. m., after the i th day of march, and be- fore the th day of november, unless the same are breachy, or malicious, or trespassing upon the enclosure of any person or persons other than the owner of said cows. sec. . when any cow or other animal shall have entered the enclosure of any person not the owner of said animal, the owner or occupant of said premises, his or her employe, may drive the same to pound, having the same rights that the mar- shal or his deputies have by the ordinance first above mentioned; and the same penalties shall be attached to any person who may attempt to rescue the animal from the driver. sec. . no person shall enter the enclosure of the owner of any animal and drive it therefrom, unless the same shall have ordinances of the common council, or the chief engineer or any other officer au- thorized to direct at any fire, , he shall pay a fine not exceeding twenty dollars. sec. . any hook and ladder company, or any persons present at a fire shall, under the direction of the chief engineer and two members of the common council, or in the absence of the chief engineer, then under the direction of the assistant engineers and two members of the common council, or in the absence of the chief and assistant engineers, then under the direction of three members of the common council and of the foreman of a fire company, cut or pull down and remove any building or other erection, for the purpose of checking the pro- gress of the fire. [no. .] an ordinance relative to the prevention of fires. be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor. section i . that the fire wardens of the respective wards shall examine into and correct any infraction of the ordinances made for the protection of the city from fires in their respective wards particularly, and the city generally, and shall make re- ports to the common council respecting danger from exposure to fires, on the first mondays in june and december in each year; and any neglect of such duty shall subject the fire war- den to a fine of five dollars, and to removal from office. sec. . it shall be the duty of the fire wardens or any two of them, twice in each year, in the months of may and novem- ber, and as much oftener as they may deem proper, between sunrise and sunset, to enter into any house or building, yard or premises in the city and examine the fire-places, chimneys, stoves and pipes thereto, and other apparatus likely to cause city of ann arbor. fires; also places where ashes, hay, straw, shavings or other combustible materials may be lodged, and to give such direc- tions in regard thereto to the owner or occupant of such prem- ises either for the removal, alteration or better care and manage- ment thereof as they may deem necessary to protect the city from fire; and such direction shall be complied with by the per- son or persons to whom they shall be given, and at the expense of such owner or occupant. sec. . the said wardens shall have authority to cause chimneys to be burned out or otherwise cleaned, whenever they shall think it necessary—to require chimpeys in black- smiths' shops and furnaces to be so constructed or altered as to prevent sparks from exposing buildings to fire, and to remove or abate, with the consent of the mayor, recorder, or any alder- man, (if the owner or occupant shall neglect to do so,) any cause from which immediate danger from fire may be appre- hended, at the expense of the person or persons occasioning the same. sec. . no stove pipe shall be put up or kept up in any building in said city unless it pass into a chimney made of brick or stone; nor shall any person at any time set fire to any chim- ney for the purpose of cleaning the same, without previous con- sent of the fire warden of the proper ward; and every person violating the provisions of this section shall forfeit for every offence three dollars, and the further sum of one dollar for every twenty-four hours any such stove pipe shall remain so put up after notice of any fire warden to alter the same. sec. . every chimney hereafter to be erected in said city shall be plastered with lime mortar on the inside thereof, under a penalty of twenty dollars, and a further penalty of five dol- lars for every ten days neglect to take down or alter the same after notice given by a fire warden for that purpose. it shall be the duty of the fire wardens to examine all chimneys when the same are being constructed, and if they are not in conformity with the requirements of this section, to make report thereof to the common council. ordinances of the corporation, and the guilty person shall be liable to the corpora- tion for such expenses, in addition to the penalty above im- posed. [no. .] an ordinance relative to public health. be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section i. it shall be the duty of each and every physi- cian of this city or other person practising as such, upon being called to visit any patient who shall prove to be sick of small pox, varioloid or cholera, to give immediate notice of the same, together with the name and residence of such patient, to the mayor, recorder, or any alderman of said city, to the end that the board of health of said city may take such action in relation thereto as may be necessary for the preservation of the public health. sec. . any physician or other person practising as such who shall fail to give notice as provided in the preceding sec- tion, shall upon conviction thereof be subject to a fine of not less than ten nor more than fifty dollars, with costs of prosecu- tion. sec. . it is ordained by the common council of the city of ann arbor, that the board of health instituted by and ap- pointed under resolution of said common council on the sixth day of november instant; and any other board of health, which may hereafter be appointed for said city, shall have and exercise all the power and perform all the duties conferred up- on or required of a board of health, by the provisions of chapter thirty-seven, of the compiled laws of the state of michigan, and any act or acts of the legislature amendatory thereof or supplementary thereto. sec. . every person in defrult or eflending against any of the lawful reguulations or requirements of any such board of health, shall be punished forfeit and pay according to the pro- city of ann arbor. visions of said chapter, and the act or acts aforesaid respecting his or her default or offence. sec. . the city marshal, justices of the peace and con- stable of said city, shall respectively have and exercise within said city all such jurisdiction and powers and discharge all such duties appertaining to the objects, acts and doings of said board of health, as are conferred upon or requiring respectively of the sheriff of the county, justices of the peace, and constables, by the provisions of said chapter and the said act or acts, and all the acts and doings of said board of health, and the officers, agents and servants employed by them and the proceedings to enforce these requirements,- or carry out the objects of their ap- pointment, shall as nearly as may be conform to and be regula- ted and governed by the provisions of said chapter thirty-seven of the compiled laws of the state of michigan, and the acts of the legislature, amendatory as supplementary thereto. [no. .] an ordinance relative to shows, theatrical and other exhibitions. be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section i . it shall not be lawful for any person or persons to make or exhibit any show, or to perform or exhibit any plays, games, theatrical or other performances or exhibitions whatever, or to exhibit any natural or other curiosities for which pay in money or other consideration of any kind shall be demanded or received for admission, within the limits of the city of ann arbor, without having previously obtained a li- cense so to do, as hereinafter provided. sec. . it shall be the duty of every person who may be desirous of exhibiting any such curiosities or shows, or of per- forming any plays, games, theatrical or other exhibition for which any consideration shall be demanded or received for ad- mission, to make application to the common council, or to the ordinances of the any building or upon any lot within the limits of this city, any sign, show board or show bills which shall extend from the front of such building or lot over the side walk more than three feet, -nor shall such sign or show board be less than eight feet in height above the side walk. sec. . all posts or railings put up in any street for the support of awnings, shall be placed on the established line be- tween the side walk and street; nor shall any awning, or the rails or boards used for connecting the awning posts with the buildings, be less than eight feet in height above the side walk. sec. . and to the end that there shall be and remain a free passage for all persons over and across the side walks of the city, for at least two-thirds the established width thereof from the outer line of the street, free from all obstructions thereon, or passage ways to cellars, or awnings or rails less than eight feet in height above the side walk, it shall be the duty of the marshal, upon knowledge or information that any of the side walks lying outside the line allowed for projections as aforesaid are in any manner obstructed or encumbered, to re- quire the occupant or owner of the premises in front of which such obstruction or encumbrance exists, to remove the same; and if such occupant or owner shall neglect for the space of twenty-four hours to comply with such requisition, the marshal shall forthwith cause such obstruction or encumbrance to be removed: provided, that the provisions of this ordinance shall not be construed to apply to posts for awnings which are now standing, nor to shade trees or the boxes to protect them, nor to obstructions necessarily occasioned by the erection or re- pairing of buildings; but in such case no person shall obstruct more than one-half of the street and one-half of the side walk opposite the premises occupied by such person, without leave first obtained from the common council. sec. . excepting for the purpose of ingress and egrees to and from yards across the side walks, no person shall drive, ride, or lead, or suffer to remain, any horse, cart, carriage or city of ann arbor. ~~ sbc. . it shall not be lawful for any person other than a public officer in the discharge of his official duty, unless au- thorized by the common council, in writing, to sell or offer for sale by auction or otherwise, at wholesale or retail, in or upon any part of the public grounds, streets or sidewalks of the city of ann arbor, or upon any vacant lot in said city, not owned by him or property leased from the owner thereof, any liquors, groceries, medicines, nostrums, jewelry, pies, cakes, or mer- chandise; and every person offending against the provisions of this section shall, on conviction, be fined a sum of not less than one dollar nor exceeding twenty dollars, and costs of prosecu- tion. and it shall be the duty of the marshal, sheriff, or any constable, to forthwith arrest all persons offending against the provisions of this section, and take them before a magistrate for examination; and it shall further be the duty of the mar- shal, sheriff or any constable, to forthwith to remove as a public nuisance, any and all tables, boxes, benches, tents, booths, vehicles, thing or things whatsover, employed or attempted or be employed, in any sale contrary to the provisions of this section. sec. s. no person shall leave any horse or horses at- tached to any cart, wagon, carriage or other vehicle in any part of the public streets of said city without being sufficiently tied or hitched, under a penalty not exceeding ten dollars and costs of prosecution, for each offence. sec. . for any breach of any of the ordinances of said city of ann arbor, in the night time, it shall be the duty of the marshal, sheriff, or any constable, to arrest the persons, and either take them forthwith before a magistrate, or commit them for safe keeping in any safe place in said city, until nine o'clock the next day, unless that shall be sunday, in which case he shall be committed until monday, and then bring him before a magis- trate for examination. sec. . if any person shall, on the arrival or departure of any railroad cars at or from said city, or for the period of thirty minutes after the arrival or before the departure of said cars, and within twenty rods of the place where said cars have or city of ann arbor removed, and the owner or occupant of the land enclosed by said fence shall be liable to a fine of five dollars, and a further fine of five dollars for every day after the five days such ob- struction shall remain. sec. . any person who shall hereafter build or put up, or cause the same to be done, any fence, building or other ob- struction, encroaching upon any sidewalk, street, lane or alley within the bounds of the city, shall be liable to a fine of five dollars, and all costs of removing the same, and the street com- missioner shall cause the same to be removed. sec. . that it shall not be lawful for any person to leave any horse, cart, wagon, carriage, sleigh, or other vehicle what- ever, standing in any street within said city of ann arbor, so as to obtruct the free passage of said streets. nor shall any person run or race any horse, or drive any horse or horses, or any carriage or vehicle at a faster rate than six miles per hour in any of the streets of said city; and any person offending against any of the provisions of this ordinance shall, upon con- viction thereof, be fined not exceeding fifty dollars for each offence, or be imprisoned in the county jail not exceeding thirty days. [no. .] an ordinance relative to mad dogs. be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor. section i . that whenever the mayor or recorder and any alderman shall deem it necessary, to protect the inhabitants of the city from mad dogs, they may direct the marshal to kill every dog which shall be found running at large within the city, without being securely muzzled so as effectually to prevent such dog from biting any person. sec. . be it further ordained, that the marshal, whenever so directed by the officers mentioned in section one of this ordi- ordinances of the over to the treasurer of said city of ann arbor, taking from said treasurer duplicate receipts therefor, and filing one of said receipts in the office of the recorder of said city; and any per- son who shall neglect or refuse to pay over any such money so received, for the space of ten days after receiving the same, shall upon conviction thereof be fined not exceeding one hun- dred dollars, or imprisoned in the county jail not exceeding thirty days, or both, in the discretion of the court. [no. .] an ordinance relative to gongs. be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— that it shall not be lawful for any person to ring or sound any gong upon any of the streets, lanes, alleys, or sidewalks, or outside of any building fronting thereon, within said city; and any person offending against the provisions of this ordi- nance, shall upon conviction thereof be fined a sum not less than one dollar, nor more than five dollars, and costs of prose- cution, for each offence. [no. .] an ordinance relative to gas works. whereas, it is desirable that this city shall be lighted with gas, and in order to induce any company to undertake to sup- ply gas for that purpose it is necessary to secure to such company certain exclusive rights and privileges, subject to certain restrictions and conditions; and whereas, the ann arbor gas light company, a corporation recently formed in ann arbor for that purpose, has proposed to light the city with gas upon the terms hereinafter men- tioned—therefore, be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— that the exclusive right and privilege of erecting gas works within this city, and of laying and continuing gas pipes city of ann arbor. along and across any and all of the streets, sidewalks, lanes, alleys and public grounds in said city, and of manufacturing gas in said city for sale for light, and of supplying said city and the buildings and streets therein with gas for lighting the same, be and is hereby granted and secured to the "ann arbor gas light company," upon the conditions and under the restric- tions hereinafter mentioned, so long as said company shall con- tinue to supply gas for lighting said city, and shall comply with the restrictions and conditions hereinafter mentioned: provided however, and this grant is made subject to the following re- strictions and conditions, to-wit: that said company shall within sixty days make and file w ith the recorder, to be re- corded and preserved, a copy of the articles of association of said company, and a written assent of said company to the pro- * visions of this ordinance, and the agreement by the said com- pany, signed by the officers of said company to erect gas works in said city, and to manufacture and supply gas as hereinafter mentioned; that said company shall within three months com- mence the erection of gas works in said city, and shall within one year lay down at least fifteen thousand feet of main gas pipe in said city, and shall supply and continue to supply all persons along the lines of such main pipe who may suitably supply their premises and buildings with service pipe and fix- tures for receiving and burning gas, and who may require and pay for the same and sign the rules and regulations usual with gas companies, with gas of as good quality as that furnished by the detroit gas company, at a rate not exceeding, exclusive of a reasonable rent for meters, four dollars per thousand cubic feet for private lights, and to the corporation of the city of ann arbor, for public lamps, at a rate not exceeding three dollars and fifty cents per thousand cubic feet; and that thereafter, as other parts of the city may become more compactly built, so as to afford responsible applicants as consumers of gas in twenty different buildings who shall agree to take and continue to use and pay for gas therein for each additionl one thousand feet of main pipe, the said company shall within a reasonable time after such application for that purpose extend gas pipes and ordinances of the furnish gas upon the terms aforesaid to such additional build- ings of said applicants; and that said company, in digging for and laying gas pipes, shall take care not unnecessarily or un- reasonably to obstruct or injure any street, sidewalk, lane or alley, and shall with reasonable diligence restore such street, sidewalk, lane or alley to as good a state of repair as the same was, in before disturbed by said company, and shall in all re- spects fully indemnify and save harmless the city of ann arbor from and against all damages or costs which the city may be put to or sustain by reason of such digging; and in case the divi- dends of said company shall average to exceed fifteen per cent per annum, the common council may, at any time, after giving to said company thirty days notice to show cause against such reduction, have power to compel the said company to make a reduction in the price of gas equivalent to the excess of its divi- dends over fifteen per cent per annum, the reduction to be pro rata to the citizens and the corporation ; and it is further agreed that the said "ann arbor gas light company" shall locale their gas works on block seven, eight, ten or eighteen of page & ormsby's addition, or at such other point as the common council and board of directors may agree upon. [no. .] an ordinance to prevent injury to wells. be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section i. that it shall not be lawful for any person or persons hereafter to dig, make, or construct any well, or to con- tinue any well heretofore made, in whole or in part, in any of the streets, lanes, or alleys of the said city, or bordering upon the line of the same, or open thereto, without obtaining license so to do from the common council of said city, who shall also have authority of directing the manner of constructing, ar- ranging, and securing the same. and any person who shall, at any time, fail to comply with such directions, or otherwise ordinances of the according to their extent of front on said street, lane or alley. the word "front" as used in this ordinance shall be construed to mean that part of the lot or parcel of real estate which di- rectly abuts on that part of the street, lane, or alley to be graded or paved. sec. . for the purpose of such assessment, the lots, parts of lots, and parcels of real estate fronting upon the portion of the street, lane, or alley, within the limits specified in said ap- plication, which said common council may have ordered graded or paved, shall constitute one local assessment or taxing dis- trict. sec. . the person designated by the common council for making the assessment, as provided in section two of this ordi- nance, shall, with all due diligence, ascertain from the best evi- dence in his power, all the necessary facts, and shall then make out an assessment roll describing therein by itself with suffi- cient accuracy each lot or portion of lot or real estate owned by any one person or company of persons fronting on the portion of the said street, lane, or alley ordered by the common council to be graded or paved and constituting a local assessment or taxing district as aforesaid, and also stating the length of front of each lot, part of lot or parcel of real estate front- ing on said street, lane, or alley within the limits aforesaid, also stating the name of the owner or several owners of said lot, part of lot, or portion of real estate, and when he cannot ascer- tain the name of such owner or owners or either of them, he shall state such facts in said roll. said roll shall also state the width of all intersecting streets, lanes, or alleys which may be passed or crossed by such grading or paving. said person designated as above shall also in as accurate a manner as possi- ble ascertain and in said roll set forth in separate columns the space or number of yards or feet graded or to be graded, the space or number of square yards or feet to be paved and the quantity of curbing to be placed in front of the lot or premises owned by any one person or set of persons; also stating the number of yards or feet graded or to be graded, the number of square yards or feet to be paved and the quautity of curbing to city of ann arbor. ioi part of lot, or portion of real estate within such assessment or taxing district, and shall state the sum apportioned to each re- spectively, and in all respects complete said roll as provided in sections two, three and four of this ordinance. sec. . the recorder shall then make out a notice directed to the persons named in said assessment roll, and proposed to be assessed, notifying them that they are about to be assessed to defray the expense of grading or paving the street, lane, or al- ley in front of and adjacent to certain premises owned by them in said city and that a report or assessment roll made out in the premises is on file in the office of said recorder for inspection, and further notifying them of the time and place when the com- mon council will meet and review said report or assessment, within thirty days after the date of said notice, and hear any objection which may be made thereto, which notice shall be published in all the newspapers printed in said city for at least two consecutive weeks. the common council shall at the time and place in said notice specified or at some session thereafter within the time above limited, take said assessment into con- sideration, and if no person appears to object to said roll and no good cause to the contrary appears and an affidavit of pub- lication of the requisite notice having been made by some one acquainted with the facts, said council shall by a written reso- lution to be entered upon its journal, declare that it approves said report or assessment roll, that it receives as correct the de- scription of the premises and the names of the individuals therein contained, and that the sum which said roll states to be the correct one which each individual or set of individuals should be assessed at and pay be the assessment and be collected from the respective persons liable according to law and be a lien upon said separately described portions of real estate, but if any sufficient cause appears or is shown to said common council, it shall review said roll and make such assessment as may be just and right in the premises, and said common coun- cil may, if necessary, adjourn from one time to any reasonable time for the purpose of finishing said review of said assess- ment, and shall then approve said roll as hereinbefore provided. ordinances of the after the assessment roll shall have been fully and finally con- firmed as provided herein, it shall be delivered to the collector of the district in which the local assessment or taxing district aforesaid may be located, who shall proceed in the collection of said assessment as hereinafter provided. sec. . at the time of such delivery of said assessment roll to the collector, the recorder shall attach a warrant thereto under the hands of the mayor and recorder, and the seal of said city, commanding him to collect from the several persons named in said roll the several sums mentioned opposite their respective names in the same manner as is provided for the collection of state, county, and township taxes, and with like charges, and pay over the same to the city treasurer, and make returns to the common council of his doings thereon within forty days: pro- vided, that immediately upon the receipt of such roll, such collector shall give notice by publication at least one week in all the newspapers published in said city, that such assessment roll has been delivered to him, and that the taxes therein as- sessed can be paid to him at his office, in said city, at any time within fifteen days after the publication of such notice, without any charge or percentage for the collection thereof, and he shall cause affidavits of such publication to be filed in the office of the recorder. by virtue of said warrant such collector shall have the same power to levy and collect the said several sums of money by distress and sale of goods and chatties which township treasurers have under the laws to collect state, county, and township taxes. it shall be the duty of the collector, upon the receipt of such warrant with the assessment roll attached, to collect the taxes therein mentioned, as herein specified, with all reasonable diligence. if any such sums in such assessment rofl shall remain unpaid and the collector shall not be able to collect the same within the time limited by such warrant, the same proceedings shall be had in every respect for the sale or leasing of the lands described in said assessment for the non- payment of the tax thereon, as is provided by sections two of ordinance number ten of the city of ann arbor, being "an ordinance relative to repairing and renewing sidewalks," city of ann arbor. [no. .] an ordinance relative to hawkers and peddlers. be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section i. no person shall follow the business or occu- pation of a hawker or peddler, within the limits of the city of ann arbor without a license from ihe recorder. sec. . the recorder is hereby authorized to issue a license to any person to follow the business or occupation of a hawker or peddler, on his paying into the city treasury the sum pre- scribed in the next section. sec. . any person soliciting a license shall pay therefor as follows: if he intends to travel on foot, the sum of five dol- lars; if he intends to travel with one horse, or other animal, the sum of ten dollars; if he intends to travel with two or more horses, or other animals, the sum of fifteen dollars, together with the recorder's fee; and such license shall, in all cases, un- less revoked by the common council, continue in force until the first day of may, next ensuing the date thereof, and no longer. but license may be granted for a less time upon the payment into the city treasury as follows: if he intends to travel on foot, the sum of one dollar; if he intends to travel with one horse or other animal, the sum of two dollars; if he intends to travel with two or more horses or other animals, the sum of three dollars per day, and the recorder's fee. sec. . this ordinance is not intended to apply to any mechanic of this state, selling or offering for sale, any article of his own manufacture or construction, nor to any person sell- ing or offering for sale any wholesome meats by the quarter, poultry, ice, vegetables, berries, fruit, butter, eggs or other pro- visions. iio ordinances of the sec. . any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed fifty dollars and costs, to be recovered before any justice of the peace of said city; and in the imposition of any fine and costs, the said justice of the peace may make a further sentence that in default of the payment of such fine or cost, the offender be imprisoned in the detroit house of correction, or the county jail, for any period of time not exceeding ninety days. [ no. .] an ordinance relative to hackney carriages and omnibuses. be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section i. every public carriage, cab, coach, hack or other vehicle drawn by one or more horses, or other animals, which shall be kept, used, driven or employed to convey any persons from place to place, within the limits of the city of ann arbor, or to carry any person or persons by the hour in said city, for hire, shall be deemed a " hackney carriage" within the meaning of this ordinance. sec. . no person shall hire or keep for hire within the limits of the city of ann arbor, any hackney carriage or omni- bus without a license therefor from the recorder. sec . the recorder is hereby authorized to issue licenses for the purpose aforesaid, to any resident of the city of ann arbor, of the age of twenty-one years, or upwards, of good moral character, upon his paying into the city treasury the sum of four dollars and fifty cents, and the recorder's fee, and to any person, a non-resident of the city of ann arbor, of twenty-one years or upward, of good moral character, upon his paying into the city treasury the sum of nine dollars and fifty cents, and the recorder's fee for each hackney carriage or omnibus kept as aforesaid, and executing a bond to the mayor, recorder and al. dermen of the city of ann arbor in the penal sum of one hun- ordinances of the or places within the city of ann arbor, and on the person or persons being placed in such conveyance, the same shall be driven by the most direct and safe route, to the place to which such person may wish to go, and not elsewhere,and no driver or owner of any conveyance, except omnibuses, shall, without the consent of the person or persons therein, or of the person who first engaged such conveyance, place therein any other person or persons. sec. . no owner or driver of any hackney carriage or omnibus shall suffer the same to remain on any street, square, lane or alley without some proper person to take care of the same, and no owner or driver of any hackney carriage or omni- bus while waiting for employment at the depot or on any street, shall snap or flourish his whip, or be guilty of any rude or boisterous conduct or language. sec. . every driver of any hackney carriage or omni- bus while the same is waiting for employment, shall remain on or near to the same, and shall so keep his conveyance and horses, as that the same shall not obstruct the travel on any street, avenue or cross-walk. sec. i. no person, unless licensed as an owner or driver, as herein provided, shall procure passengers for, or charge, or receive any fare for any hackney carriage or omnibus, and not more than one licensed person shall take charge of or drive on or in any such conveyance. / sec. . the drivers or owners of hackney carriages or omnibuses may demand and receive for conveying passengers the following rates or prices of fare and no more, to-wit: twenty-five cents to or from the depot to any place, within the city limits for each passengers. where the time occupied does not exceed half an hour, twenty-five cents per ride for each passenger; and where the time occupied is more than half and less than an hour, fifty cents per ride for each passenger. children between the ages of four and twelve years when ac- companied their parents or guardian shall be charged half fare, and children under four years of age shall be carried free of charge. for the use of any hackney carriage or omnibus by city of ann arbor. " the hour, for not more than four persons, and with the privilege of going from place to place and stopping as often as required, one dollar per hour for the first hour and seventy five cents for each additional hour, and for fractional hours at the rate of seventy-five cents per hour; and for each additional passenger twenty-five cents. for the use by the day of such conveyance ten dollars per day. for each trunk fifteen cents, but no charge shall be made for any bag, valise or bundle weighing less than fifty pounds. when a hackney carriage or omnibus is used be- tween the hours of eleven o'clock p. m. and five o'clock a.m., it shall be lawful to demand and receive for the same services double the rates prescribed above. any disagreement as to time and rates shall be determined by the mayor whose de- cision shall be final. / sec. . there shall be fixed in every hackney carriage or omnibus licensed under this ordinance, and in such a manner as to be conveniently read by any person in the same, a card containing the name of the owner of such conveyance the num- ber of the conveyance, and the whole of section twelve of this ordinance printed in plain legible characters. the said card shall be furnished by the city of ann arbor, and be given to any licensed owner or driver who may apply for the same. any driver who shall drive a hackney carriage or omnibus without such a card being placed therein, and any owner who shall neglect to place such a card in his conveyance, shall be punished as hereinafter provided. sec. . this ordinance shall apply to any carriage or omnibus which may at any time be placed on a public stand, for public hire, and to all omnibuses or carriages kept by hotel or livery stable keepers for the purpose of carrying passengers for hire, to or from the railroad depot, or other places in said • city, or for carrying any person or persons by the hour in said city. sec. . any violation of, or failure to comply with the provisions of this ordinance, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed seventy-five dollars and costs, to be recovered before any justice of the peace in the city of ann arbor, and in the impo- ordinances of the sition of any such fine and costs the said justice of the peace, may make a further sentence, that in default in the payment thereof, within the time to be fixed in such sentence the offender be committed to the detroit house of correction or the county jail for any period of time not exceeding ninety days. [no. .] an ordinance relative to drays. be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section i. every cart, truck, wagon, dray or other vehi cle having two or more wheels, or sleigh, and drawn by one or more horses or other animal, which shall be kept, used, driven or employed for the transportation or conveyance of anything whatsoever, from place to place within the limits of the city of ann arbor, for hire, shall be deemed a "dray," within the meaning of this ordinance; and no person shall hire, or keep for hire any such dray without a license therefor from the re- corder as hereinafter provided. sec. . the recorder is hereby authorized to grant license to any resident of the city of ann arbor to keep a dray, on his paying into the city treasury the sum specified in section three of this ordinance, and his executing a bond to the mayor, re- corder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, in the penal sum of fifty dollars, with one or more sureties, conditioned for a faithful observance of the charter and ordinances of the said city. sec. . the person applying for a license for a dray de- signed to carry twenty-five hundred pounds or over, shall pay the sum of nine dollars and fifty cents, and for all other drays the sum of two dollars and fifty cents, together with the re- corder's fee. and all licenses issued by a virtue of this ordi- nance, shall, unless revoked by the common council, continue in force until the first day of may next ensuing the date thereof il index to charter. ♦ page. section. bonds of street commissioner as amended bonfires bond, note, or other obligation board of health ~ - appointment of ~ ° term of office, removal, etc powers of ° clerk of record of, evidence compensation of bridges ° buildings, line of i _l buildings, numbering of > burial grounds by-laws and ordinances, made by carcasses i cartmen and carts i carriages and hacks census i cemeteries, regulations concerning chimneys, size of, etc chimneys, flues, stove-pipes, cleaning of removing of chief engineer, duties of i circuses city hall, market, almshouse, etc corporate name • seal collectors as amended s powers and duties of commissioners of streets, powers and duties of of highways - common council, composed of when called together powers of i _i - powers of, exercised for what - - as highway commissioners duties of compensation for injury of firemen ~ index to charter. page. section. hay health, public , - , - highways houses for gaming is of ill-fame house of correction horse-racing hotel, saloon, etc idle persons at fires immoderate driving inspectors of election, to fill vacancy intoxicating drinks is infections diseases property s diseases, reported by physicians interest in city suit makes no man incompetent for officer, juror, etc incorporation, city and ward boundaries - - t jail of county, used justices, length of term of to continue duty jurisdiction of i , *°i powers of ~ to report fines , i° suspension or removal of jury in justice trials jurors, pay of ° liquors, impure a lights in stables low grounds mayor, powers and duties of n * mayor and aldermen at fires marshal, powers and duties of . deputies of can be removed by common council as amended sa or constable, fees of markets , a, index to charter. page. section. manufactures, dangerous jf> meats, putrid i unwholesome i moneys received for use of city paid by warrant of mayor notice to owner of land through which street has been laid i notice posted to inform non-resident owners of street laid - nuisances l« oath, power to administer officers, city, to be elected city, to be appointed length of term city, time of election as amended s city, where and how elected as amended s to be notified of their election where to take the oath of office - city, to be appointed by common council as amended s duties of compensation of bonds of election and appointment of - i_ powers and duties of - - office, vacant, how filled as amended s when deemed vacant offices held under acts repealed ° • omnibusses ordinances to be published o how long in force - ° pawnbrokerage peddling penalties may be prescribed perjury polls, when opened and closed index to charter. page. section. poll-tax - poll-tax paid by labor pounds i powers of common council - - privies, sinks, cellars, etc quorum, majority to constitute railroads real estate may be purchased, etc reservoirs, wells, pumps, etc recorder, city, to discharge like duties to town clerk.. powers and duties of n river huron, cleansing of runners, stage-drivers, etc rural districts, not liable to pay, etc - rules for firemen, by whom prescribed salaries of officers as amended school district number one ° scavengers scuttles on roofs shade trees sextons sheriff of county, duty of sidewalks, to be kept clean repairing and renewing grades, width, material of, etc sick persons to be reported slaughter-houses streets and sidewalks streets, lighting of , , working upon, grading of, etc incumbering of discontinuing of, opening of steps necessary for discontinuing or opening.. , streets, lanes, opening of, paving, etc streets, sidewalks and public improvements - - street commissioners as overseers of highways stands for carriages • • • t for wood, hay, etc index to ordinances. paok. section. acts of servant or employe aid of citizens at fire aldermen and members of common council as fire wardens animals, not to go at large animals, not to be tied to shade and fruit trees application in writing for sidewalk , i assessment roll for paving funds signing of considered by common council delivery of. awnings, supports for bathing i beating of horses by draymen blacksmith shop, where not to be erected board of health, duties of. persons offending regulations of. , box, barrel, etc., upon sidewalk boxes, barrels, etc., removal of. boisterous noise at depot bond of draymen breaking of pound brick buildings, required where , breaches of the peace - - buildings, removal of, at fires business, places of, closed on sunday ; i except that of necessity, not to be done on sunday canon, firing of carrion, putrid meat, etc - cards, dice, billiards, etc., for gaming index to ordinances. page. section. chief and assistant engineers, by whom appointed... , i when appointed , i chief engineer, powers of when absent, duties performed by... . , chimneys, setting fire to plastering within constable, duties of collector, duties of - collection of assessment contract for paving, approved by common council... cost of grading and paving, to be computed ico apportionment of. compensation of draymen crackers,^etc day's labor for poll tax damage done by animals running at large disorderly house dogs, when killed by marshal i drivers of hackney carriages to be with or near their teams , drays - - what are deemed i on sidewalks draymen , when paid must be with or near their drays duty of marshal , of pound keeper duties of marshal, deputy marshal, and constables at fires , ii duties of marshal, sheriff, or constable in case of or- dinance broken duties of marshal, sheriff or constable earth, loam, gravel, etc enclosure of owner of animals, not to be entered , exhibitions, etc - - license must be provided for fare, rates of, for hackney carriages , index to ordinances. page. section horse, cart, wagon, etc., standing in street house suspected to be for gaming idle and disorderly persons , - intoxicated persons, arrest of instrument kept for gambling injury to wells, to prevent , - justice of peace, jurisdiction and powers of keepers of gambling-houses kites, the flying of license for exhibitions, how obtained , who to issue ° for digging wells for peddling, cost of for peddling, length of time for keeping carriages for hire no for keeping carriages for hire, to whom issued no license of drivers in of drivers, to whom issued ill granted to keepers of drays expense of m how long to continue , licenses issued, register of. how long in force , list of white male inhabitants i liquors, etc., regarding sale of regarding sale to minors lighted lamps for night driving ill local assessment lying in wait i marshal, duties of , , , , , i, , , , - notice of to owner of property removed if he refuse to destroy gambling instru- ments mad dogs ! ', materials for paving index to ordinances. » page. section. meetings, disturbance of.. milch cows mistake in owner of taxable property moneys received for fines, paying over , night walkers, pilferers, etc notice of assessment by recorder notice of assessment of assessment roll delivered nuisances - - on premises , number on hackney carriage m number on drays officers of fire or hose company of fire or hose company, how elected owner of hackney carriage not to refuse to con- vey in, order and quiet, preservation of. - - passage way to cellars, leaving open paving, in what sense used injury to penalty, addition to penalties , , physicians, duty of, to report small-pox, etc i fine upon, in failure to report pounds, relative to i-io two suitable.... i named pound-keeper duties of. , poll-tax, assessment and collection of. , - if payment be refused prostitution, reveling, etc proposals for grading or paving streets sealed, to whom delivered reports of fire wardens on danger of fires i of fire wardens on danger of fires, when made. i i i university of michigan iiru'niivirv charter and revised ordinances of the city of ann arbor. . he charter and revised ordinances of the city of ann arbor revised and compiled by a. mcreynolds, citt attornet. published by authority of the common council, febetjaet, . ann arbor: courier steam printing house. . ex-mayors. george sedgwick. e. r. tremain. james kingsley. william s. maynard. philip bach. r. j. barry. john f. miller. charles spoor. e. wells. o. m. martin. christian eberbach. a. h. partridge. w. d. harriman. s. h. douglas. h. j. beakes. city officers. mayor. edward d. kinne. recorder. william a. lovejoy. aldermen. first ward. franklin cate, john ferdon. second ward. christian schmid, anson d. resimer. third ward. warren e. walker, charles gardner, 'fourth ward. moses rogers, alex. mcdonald. fifth ward. moses seabolt, alonzo m. doty. sixth ward. zina p. king, w. d. smith. treasurer. moses rogers. city attorney. a. mcreynolds. marshal. a. h. herron. supervisors. . first and second wards—conrad krapf. third and fourth wards—anton eisele. fifth and sixth wards—benjamin brown. justices. edward clark, james mcmahon, charles h. manly, richard beahan. constables. charles boylan, thomas clarken, daniel r. kelley, gottlieb schaible, william a. shaw, eli manly. titles. page. title i. of streets and sidewalks, ...... title ii. of the fire department, title iii. of pounds title iv. of the public health title v. of cemeteries title vi. of gas works, title vii. of the police and public peace and good order, . . title viii. of licenses, ........ title ix. of miscellaneous ordinances, . . . . . note.—on the th day of october, , the common council of the city of ann arbor passed the following resolution: "resolved, that the city attorney is hereby authorized and directed to revise and compile the ordinances of the city, and have the same published with the charter, and all the amendments thereto, in a bound volume, and one hundred copies published." acting in obedience to said resolution, the following revision and com- pilation have been made, with such care as the undersigned has been able to bestow,upon it. it is not claimed that this revision and compilation are perfect]or beyond criticism, but an effort has been made to have it as free from mistakes as pos- sible, and to include all the ordinances and amendments thereto now in force. i have]heen much assisted in 'this ;work by j. q. a. sessions, esq., and if any credit is due for the manner in which the work has been performed, he is en- titled to a full share of it. a. mcreynolds. ann arbor, february, . charter of the city of ann arbor. [act , session laws, .] an act to revise and amend an act to incorporate the city of ann arbor, approved april fourth, eighteen hundred and flfly-one, and an act amendatory thereto, approved february twelfth, eighteen hundred and fifty-nine; and also an act amendatory thereto, approved february twenty-fifth, eighteen hundred and sixty-one. title i. incorpobation, city and ward boundaries. section . the people of the state of michigan enact, that so much of the township of ann arbor, in the county of washtenaw, as is included in the following limits, (including the present city of ann arbor), to wit: the south three-fourths of section number twenty, the south three-fourths of the west three- fourths of section number twenty-one, the west three-fourths, of section number twenty-eight, entire section number twenty-nine, the north half of section number thirty-two, and the west three- fourths of the north half of section number thirty-three, in town- ship two south, of range six east; and also so much of the east half of the south-east quarter of section number twenty-one, and the east half of the north-east.quarter of section number twenty- eight, as lies west of the easterly bank of the huron river, and north of the south line of the territorial road, crossing said river on or near the line between said sections, be and the same is hereby set off from said township, and declared to be a city, by the name of the city of ann arbor; and the freemen of said city, charter of the from time to time being inhabitants thereof, shall be and contin- ue to be a body corporate and politic, by the name of the " may- or, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor;" and by that name they shall be known in law, and shall be capable of suing and being sued, and of prosecuting and defending all suits; they may have a common seal, which they may alter at pleasure, and shall be capable of purchasing, holding, conveying and dis- posing of real and personal estate for the use of said corporation. sec. .- the said city shall be divided into six wards, as fol- lows: the first ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying south of huron street, east of main street, and the ann ar- bor and lodi plank road, and west of state street and the pitts- field road, or state street as continued; the second ward shall embrace all chat portion of the city lying south of huron street, and west of main street and the ann arbor and lodi plank road; the third ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying north of huron street and south of the river huron, and west of fourth street extended to the river huron; the fourth waid shall embrace all that portion of the city lying north of huron street, and of the line of huron street as extended to the city limits, and south of the river huron, and east of fourth street; the fifth ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying north- east of huron river; the sixth ward shall embrace all that por- tion of the city lying south of huron street and the line of hu- ron street, as extended east of the city limits, and east of state street and the pittsfield road, or state street as extended: pro- vided, that the common council may at any time alter the bounds of said wards, or any of them. the aforesaid division is made by the actual or supposed continuation of the centre line of each of said streets, in the present direction thereof, to the limits of said city. title ii. election and appointment of officers. sec. . the officers of said city shall be one mayor; one recorder; one marshal; one city attorney; one city treasurer; three supervisors—one for the first and second wards, one for the city of ann arbor. third and fourth wards, and one for the fifth and sixth wards, who shall be assesssors in their respective districts; three street commissioners,—one in each supervisor district; and six consta- bles, one in each ward;—all of which officers shall hold their offices for one year, and until their successors are elected or ap- pointed and qualified; also, two aldermen in each ward, who shall respectively hold their offices for two years and until their successors are elected and qualified; and four justices of the peace, who shall respectively hold their offices four years, their several terms to commence, except in case of vacancies, on the fourth day of july next after their election.* sec. . the inhabitants of said city, having the qualifica- tions of electors under the constitution and laws of this state shall, on the first monday of april in each year, at such place in each ward as the common council shall designate, proceed to elect by plurality of votes, by ballot, from among the qualified electors of said city, one mayor, one recorder, and one justice of the peace, for said city; and the qualified electors of the first and second wards shall elect one supervisor; the qualified electors of the third and fourth wards shall elect one supervisor, and the qualified electors of the fifth and sixth wards shall elect one su- pervisor; the qualified electors of each ward shall, at the same time and place, elect one alderman and one constable: provided, that in each ward in which there shall, at the time of such elec- tion, be no alderman having another year to serve, there shall be two aldermen elected, one for the term of one year and one for the term of two years; and one alderman shall thereafter be elected annually in each ward, to hold his office for the term of two years and until his successor is elected and qualified.f sec. . at all elections the two aldermen in each ward shall be the inspectors of election, in case they shall attend, and a clerk shall be appointed by the aldermen or inspectors of elec- tion, at all elections in each ward. in case the office of the aldermen shall be vacated in said ward, or in case the aldermen, * as amended by act no. , s. l. - , pabe t as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . charter of the or either of them, shall fail to attend to act as inspectors, the electors present may, viva voce, choose one or more inspectors of election to fill the vacancy, and such judges and clerk so chosen, before proceeding to the discharge of their duties, shall make and subscribe an oath or affirmation faithfully and impartially to discharge the duties of their respective offices at such election, which oath or affirmation may be administered by any person authorized to administer oaths. at the close of the polls, the vote shall be canvassed, and a statement thereof proclaimed by one of the inspectors, and a correct statement of the number of votes given for each person shall be made by the clerk, and signed officially by the inspectors and clerk aforesaid, and filed with the recorder. it shall be the duty of the common council to meet as soon as conveniently may be after such election, to canvass the votes cast in the respective wards, and to declare and certify the result of such canvass. sec. . it shall be the duty of the recorder, or in case of his neglect so to do, then of the mayor, to cause five days notice of every election to be given, by posting up written or printed notices thereof in three or more public places in each ward of said city: provided, that if notice of any election shall not be given as herein required, it shall be lawful for the electors to meet at the proper time and place, and hold the election, and in case of the non-attendance or neglect of the proper officers to act, the electors present may, viva voce, choose electors to act in their places: and provided, also, that if any election of officers under this act, shall not be had on the day when it ought to have been held, the said corporation shall not for that cause, be dissolved, but it shall be lawful to hold such election at any time thereafter, public notice thereof being given as provided in this act. at all elections the polls shall be opened between the hours of nine and eleven o'clock in the forenoon, and be closed at four in the after- noon. whenever in any ward or wards in said city, there shall not be two aldermen to constitute the board of registration of such ward previous to any election, the common council shall, in time, appoint suitable freeholders, resident in such wards, and electors, temporary aldermen of such wards, who shall take the city of ann arbor. oath of office, and have all the powers of aldermen in such wards, and shall hold their offices until the close of the election and of the canvass of the votes in such wards, at the next election after such appointment, and shall, during their continuance in office, act as and be members of the board of registration of such wards, and have all the powers and perform all the duties of members of the board of registration in such wards. sec. . the inhabitants of the said city,being electors under the constitution and laws of the state of michigan, and no oth- ers, are declared to be electors under this act, and qualified to vote at any such election; and each person offering to vote at any such election, if challenged by an elector of said city, before his vote shall be received, shall take one of the oaths or affirma- tions provided by the laws of this state for electors at general , and special elections, for the time being, which oath or affirma- tion may be administered to him by either of the inspectors of election. upon taking such oath or affirmation, if duly regis- tered in said ward, he shall forthwith be permitted to vote. in all other respects not herein provided, said election shall be con- ducted as near as may be in accordance with the general statute provided for township elections. sec. . it shall be the duty of the recorder as soon as practic- able, and within five days after any election, to notify the officers respectively of their election, who shall, within ten days after re- ceiving such notice, take an oath or affirmation to support the constitution of the state of michigan, and faithfully and impar- tially to perform the duties of their respective offices, a certificate of which oath, made by the person administering the same, shall be filed in the office of the recorder. sec. . the officers of said city to be appointed by the com- mon council shall be a marshal, treasurer, attorney, a chief en- gineer of the fire department, and two assistants, a street com- missioner for each supervisor district, and such other officers, whose election is not herein specially provided for, as the com- mon council shall deem necessary, to carry into effect the powers granted by this act, and to remove the same at pleasure: pro vided, that no person holding the office of alderman shall be ap charter of the pointed to the office of street commissioner. the common council shall also have power to remove the marshal at pleasure; and in case any office in said corporation shall become vacant from any cause, the common council shall, as soon as may be, appoint an officer to fill such vacancy for the unexpired portion of the year; and all officers so appointed shall be notified and qualified as herein directed.* sec. . every office shall become vacant on the happening of either of the following events before the expiration of the term of such office: the death of the incumbent; his resignation ; his removal from office ; his ceasing to bean inhabitant of the district or ward for which he shall have been elected or appointed,or with- in which the duties of his office are required to be discharged; his conviction of any infamous crime, or of any offence involving the violation of his oath of office; the decision of a competent tribunal declaring void his election or appointment, or his refus- al or neglect to take his oath of office, or to give or renew any official bond, or to deposit such oath or bond in the manner and within the time prescribed by law: provided, that in case any vacancy shall occur in the office of any collector or justice of the peace in said city by the operation of this act, the recorder shall immediately transmit to the county clerk of said county a notice in writing, officially signed by him, informing the county clerk that the office of such collector or justice of the peace is vacant. title iii. of the powers and duties of officers. section . the mayor shall be the chief executive officer of the city, and shall also be president of the common council, and shall countersign all orders drawn upon the city treasurer, and see that all the officers of said city faithfully comply with and discharge their official duties; that all laws pertaining to the municipal government of said city, and all ordinances and resolu- tions of the common council are faithfully observed. he shall * as amended by act no. , s. l., , page . city of ann arbor. ii have the same power as conservator of the peace within the lim- its of the city as any justice of the peace has, or may by law have, and to this end it shall be lawful for him when any person shall in his presence be guilty of a breach of the peace, or a violation of any of the ordinances of the common council punishable by fine or imprisonment, to direct the marshal, or other officer, forthwith to apprehend such offender or offenders, and take him or them before a justice of the peace for said city, who shall, without unreasonable delay, proceed to the examination and trial of the party arrested. he shall also have power, and it shall be his duty, to preserve order and decorum in the council room during the session of the common council, and for this purpose may order any disorderly person to be arrested for disorderly or contemptuous conduct in his presence, and imprisoned for a pe- riod not exceeding twenty-four hours. sec. . the recorder shall be the city clerk, and shall perform all the duties and have all the statutory powers of a town- ship or city clerk, in respect to the filing and custody of all pa- pers required to be filed, and the performance of all other statu- tory duties. he shall keep a record of the proceeedings of the common council, and a record of all claims allowed by them. he shall also draw all orders on the treasurer for claims and ac- counts allowed by the common council, and if required, keep an account as near as may be, to which fund the same belongs. sec. . it shall be the duty of every alderman in said city to attend the regular and special meetings of the common coun- cil; to act upon committees when thereto appointed by the mayor or common council; to order the arrest of all persons vio- lating the laws of this state, or the ordinances, by-laws or police regulations of said city; to report to the mayor all subordinate officers who are guilty of any official misconduct or neglect of duty; to maintain peace and good order, and to perform all other duties required of them by this act. the aldermen of said city, by virtue of their offices, shall be conservators of the public peace, and as such shall have and exercise all the power and au- thority of justices of the peace, as such conservators, in criminal charter of the cases, and enforcing the laws of this state relating to the police thereof, but shall have no jurisdiction in civil cases. sec. . the marshal of said city shall be the chief of police; see that all the by-laws and ordinances of the common council are properly and efficiently enforced, and especially those which may be passed to carry into effect those parts of this act relating to police and sanitary regulations. he shall obey all the lawful orders of the mayor, and may command the aid and assistance of all constables, and all other persons, in the discharge of the duties imposed upon him by law. he may appoint such number of deputies as the common council shall direct and ap- prove, who shall have the same powers and perform the same duties as the marshal, and for whose official acts he shall be in all respects responsible; and the marshal and his deputies shall have the same power to serve and execute all process on behalf of the corporation of said city, or of the people of the state, as sheriffs or constables have by law to execute similar process. sec. . the cityattorney,under thedirection of the common council, shall have charge of and conduct of all the law business of the corporation, and in which it shall be interested, except oth- erwise ordered by the common council in special cases, and shall also advise the common council boards of the city and their officers and committees, upon all matters appertaining to the business of said city, and the enaction of its laws and ordinances, when submitted to him for his opinion. sec. . the city treasurer shall have the custody of the money and valuable papers and obligations belonging to the cor- poration, and shall keep a just and true account of all moneys received and disbursed by him, and no money shall be paid out except upon the order of the common council, and upon war- rants drawn by the mayor and recorder, and for school purposes, upon proper authority. the treasurer shall also have such pow- ers and perform such duties, in relation to the collection of taxes, as are prescribed for township treasurers by statute, and shall also perform such other duties in respect to the collection of city taxes as shall be provided by the common council. he shall once in each year, and oftener if required, settle with the com- city of ann arbor. * mon council, and shall pay over all moneys in his hands upon the order of the common council, and shall deliver all obliga- tions and valuable papers in his possession to his successor in of- fice, when required.* sec. . the supervisors in said city shall have the same powers, and exercise the same duties, in relation to the assess- ment and collection of taxes, in their respective districts, and as members of the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw, as are possessed and performed by supervisors of the townships in said county, and shall perform such other duties as are provi- ded by law, not inconsistent with the provisions of this charter. sec. .f sec. . the street commissioners shall, when required, un- der the direction of the common council, superintend the mak- ing, paving, repairing and opening of all streets, lanes, alleys and sidewalks within the limits of their respective districts, and shall possess, in addition to the powers and duties specifically enumer- ated by this charter, the powers exercised by overseers of high- ways in townships by statute, so far as consistent with this char- ter. sec. . justices of the peace shall have such jurisdiction to hear, try and determine civil and criminal cases, as is given by statute, and shall also have jurisdiction of all cases arising under the charter or ordinances of said city. sec. . the marshal, recorder, city treasurer, collector and street commissioners shall respectively give bonds to the city in such sums and with such sufficient sureties, conditioned for the faithful performance of their respective duties, as shall be ordered and approved by the common council: provided, that any officer performing the duties required by township officers, in regard to the collection of taxes, shall give and file their bonds in such amounts and in such time as is required by the corres- ponding township officers; and the several officers above named shall perform all other duties and exercise such powers as may be * as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . t repealed by act no. , s. l., . charter of the defined by this charter, and the ordinances of the common coun- cil passed in conformity to it.* sec. i all other officers shall have such powers and per- form such duties as may be given and required by this act, and the ordinances and resolutions of the common council. title iv. of the powers of the common council. section r. the mayor, recorder and aldermen, when as- sembled together and organized, shall constitute the common council of the city of ann arbor, and a majority of the whole (the mayor or recorder always being one) shall be necessary to constitute'a quorum for the transaction of business, (but a less number may adjourn from time to time;) and the common coun- cil may be summoned to hold their meetings at such time as the mayor, or in case of his absence or inability to act, the recorder may appoint, and at such place as shall have been designated as council room by the common council. the common coun_ cil shall have power to impose, levy and collect such fines as they deem proper, not exceeding five dollars, for the non-attendance at any meeting of any officer of the corporation, who has been duly notified to attend the same. in case of the absence of the mayor or recorder from such meeting, the members present may appoint a president or recorder pro tempore. each member of the common council shall be entitled to one vote. sec. . the common council, in addition to the powers and duties specially conferred upon them in this act, shall have the management and control of the finances, rights, interests, buildings and all property, real and personal, belonging to the city, and make auch orders and by-laws relating to the same as they shall deem proper and necessary; and further, they shall have power, within said city, to enact, make, continue, modify, establish, amend and repeal such ordinances, by-laws and regula- + as amended by act no. , s. l., , page . city of ann arbor. tions as they deem desirable, within said city, for the following purposes: first. to prevent vice and immorality, to preserve public peace and good order, to organize, maintain and regulate a po- lice of the city, to prevent and quell riots, disturbances and dis- orderly assemblages, to prevent the violation of the sabbath and the disturbance of any religious congregation, or any other pub- lic meeting assembled for any lawful purpose; second. to restrain and prevent disorderly and gaming houses and houses of ill-fame, and seize all instruments and devi- ces used for gaming, and to prohibit all mock auctions, gaming and fraudulent practices and devices, and to regulate and restrain billiard tables and bowling alleys. third. to forbid, and prevent the vending or other dispo sition of liquors and intoxicating drinks, in violation of the laws of this state, and to forbid the selling or giving to be drunk, any intoxicating or fermenting liquors to any common drunkards or to any child or young person, and to prohibit, restrain and regulate the sale of all goods, wares and personal property at auc- tion, except in cases of sales authorized by law, and fix the fees to be paid by and to auctioneers; fourth. to prohibit, restrain and regulate all sports, ex- hibitions of natural or artificial curiosities, caravans of animals, theatrical exhibitions, circuses or other public performances and exhibitions for money, except exhibitions of agriculture or edu- cational societies or associations; fifth. to abate or remove nuisances of every kind, and to compel the owner or occupant of any grocery, tallow-chandler shop, butcher's stall, slaughter-house, glue, starch or soap facto- ry, establishment for rendering tallow, lard or oil, and all estab- lishments where any nauseous, offensive or unwholesome business may be carried on, blacksmiths', coopers', cabinet makers', car- penters' and joiners' shops and all buildings, business and estab- lishments of any kind usually classed as extra hazardous in re- spect to fire, tannery, stable, privy, hog-pen, sewer or any other offensive or unwholesome house or place to cleanse, remove or abate the same from time to time, as often as for the health, com- city of ann arbor. of dogs, and to impose taxes on the owners of dogs, and to pre- vent dog-fights in the streets; fifteenth. to prohibit any person from bringing or depos- iting within the limits of said city any dead carcasses or other unwholesome or offensive substances, and to require the removal or destruction thereof. if any person shall have on his premises such substances, or any putrid meats, fish, hides or skins, of any kind, and on his default, to authorize the removal or destruction thereof, as a public nuisance, by some officer of the city; sixteenth. to compel all persons to keep sidewalks in front of premises owned or occupied by them, clear from snow, ice, dirt, wood or obstructions; seventeenth. to regulate the ringing of bells and the cry- ing of goods and other commodities for sale at auction or oth- erwise, and to prevent disturbing noises in the streets; eighteenth. to appoint and prescribe the powers and du- ties of watchmen, and the fines and penalties for their delinquen- cies; nineteenth. to prohibit, restrain or regulate within such parts of the city as they may deem expedient, and prescribe the building, rebuilding, enlarging, repairing or placing of wooden buildings therein, to regulate and establish the line upon which buildings may be erected upon any street, lane or alley in said city, and to compel such buildings to be erected upon such line, by fine upon the owner or builder thereof, not to exceed five hundred dollars; twentieth. to provide for obtaining, holding, regulating and managing burial grounds, within or without the city, when established for the benefit thereof; to regulate the burial of the dead, and to compel the keeping and return of bills of mor- tality; twenty-first. to establish, order and regulate the markets; to regulate the vending of wood, hay, meat, vegetables, fruits, fish, and provisions of all kinds, and prescribe the time and place of selling the same, and the fees to be paid by butchers for li- cense; to prohibit the sale of unwholesome meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, or other articles of food or provisions; impure, spu- charter of the rious or adulterated wine, spirituous liquors or beer, or knowingly keeping or offering the same for sale; provided, that nothing herein contained shall authorize the common council to restrict in any way the sale of fresh and wholesome meats by the quarter, within the limits of the city; twenty-second. to establish, regulate and preserve public reservoirs, wells, penstocks and pumps, and to prevent the waste of water; to authorize and empower, under such regulations and upon such terms and conditions as they may choose, the laying of water pipes in the streets and alleys of the city for the purpose of supplying the inhabitants of said city with water; to grant such exclusive privileges as they may deem expedient, to any company for that purpose, and to regulate the supply and use of the water; twenty-third. to regulate sextons and undertakers for burying the dead; cartmen and their carts, hackney carriages and their drivers, omnibuses and their drivers, scavengers, porters and chimney sweeps, and their fees and compensation; and to make regulations for preventing auctions, peddling, pawn-brokerage, or using for hire carts, drays, cabs, hacks, or any kind of car- riage or vehicle, or opening or keeping any tavern, hotel, victual- ing-house, saloon, or other house or place for furnishing meals, food or drink, or billiard-tables or ball-alleys, without first ob- taining from the common council license therefor; for licensing and regulating carts, drays, cabs, hacks, and all carriages or vehi- cles kept or used for hire; auctioneers, peddlers, pawn-brokers, auctions, peddling, pawn-brokerage, taverns, hotels, victualing- houses, saloons, and other houses and places for furnishing meals, food or drink, and keepers of billiard-tables and ball-alleys, not used for gaming; twenty-fourth. to prevent runners, stage-drivers, and oth- ers, from soliciting passengers and others to travel or ride in any stage, omnibus, or upon any railroad, or to go to any hotel or otherwhere; twenty-fifth. to make regulations for the lighting of the streets and alleys, and the protection and safety of public lamps; city of ann arbor. ' twenty-sixth. to provide for and regulate the numbering of the buildings upon the streets or alleys, and to compel the owners or occupants of buildings to affix numbers on the same; twenty-seventh. to prescribe the duties of all officers ap- pointed by the common council, and their compensation, and the penalty or penalties for failing to perform such duties; and to prescribe the bonds and sureties to be given by the officers of the city for the discharge of their duties, and the time for executing the same, in cases not otherwise provided for by law; twenty-eighth. to preserve the salubrity of the waters of the huron river, or other streams within the limits of the city; to fill up all low grounds or lots covered, or partially covered with water, or to drain the same, as they may deem expedient; twenty-ninth. to prescribe and designate the stands for carriages of all kinds, which carry persons for hire, and carts and carters, and to prescribe the rates of fare and charges, and the stand or stands for wood, hay and produce exposed for sale in said city; thirtieth. to provide for taking a census of the inhabi- tants of said city, whenever they may see fit, and to direct and regulate the same; thirty-fit st. to establish a grade for streets and sidewalks, and cause the sidewalks to be constructed in accordance with the same; thirty-second. to prescribe the duties of sealer of weights and measures, and the penalty for using false weights and meas- ures, and all the laws of this state in relation to the sealing of weights and measures shall apply to said city, except as herein otherwise provided. sec. . the common council may ascertain, establish and settle the boundaries of all streets and alleys in the said city, and prevent and remove all encroachments thereon, and exercise all other powers conferred on them by this act in relation to high- ways, the prevention of fires, the preservation of the public health, the levying of taxes, the supplying the city with water, and all other subjects of municipal regulations herein expressly provided for. charter of the sec. . where by the provisions of this act the common council have authority to pass ordinances on any subject, they may prescribe a penalty not exceeding one hundred dollars (un- less a greater penalty be herein otherwise provided,) for a viola- tion thereof, or that the offender be imprisoned in the county jail or house of correction for a term not exceeding ninety days; or the common council may, in such by-laws or ordinance, direct that the offender shall be punished by fine or imprisonment (within the limits aforesaid) in the discretion of the justice who shall try the offender. sec. . no ordinance of the common council imposing a fine or imprisonment shall take effect until the same shall have been published for two weeks successively in a newspaper pub- lished in said city. sec . a record or entry made by the recordet of said city, or a copy of such record or entry duly certified by him, shall be prima facie evidence of the time of such first publication, and all laws, regulations and ordinances of the common council may be read in evidence in all courts of justice, and in all pro- ceedings before any officer, body or board, in which it shall be necessary to refer thereto, either first. from a copy certified by the recorder of the city of ann arbor; or second. from the volume of ordinances purporting to be printed by the authority of the common council. sec. . the common council shall have power to purchase and to hold suitable lot or lots of land, within or without the cor- porate limits, for the purpose of a city cemetery or cemeteries, and they shall make such rules and regulations regarding the same as they may deem necessary, and may cause the same to be surveyed into suitable lots, and may dispose of the same to pur- chasers, and thereupon cause to be executed to such purchaser a good and sufficient deed in the corporate name of said city, which deed shall be signed by the mayor and recorder. the cemeteries now existing within the limits of said city shall be subject to all laws, ordinances and resolutions in force in said city, and the common council of the city of ann arbor shall city of ann arbor. have power and authority to make such by-laws or ordinances and pre-cribe such rules and regulations as they may deem neces- sary and expedient for the protection, management and govern- ment of any cemetery or burial ground in said city, and to pre- scribe in and by any such laws or ordinances, that any person or persons violating any of the by-laws, ordinances, rules or regula- tions so made, shall or may, upon conviction thereof, be pun- ished by a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars, or be impris- oned in the county jail or house of correction not exceeding thirty days, or by both, in the discretion of the court or justice be- fore whom the offender shall be tried. sec. . the common council shall have power, whenever in their opinion the necessities of the city require, to construct a city almshouse, city hall, city market or markets, and city slaugh- ter-house, and appoint the keepers or clerks and necessary offi- cers thereof, and may locate such city almshouse and city slaugh- ter-house within or without the city limits, and may make such regulations in regard to the same, as the common council may think proper. sec. . the common council shall, in the month of march in each year, make out a detailed statement of all the receipts and expenditures of the corporation for the past year, which statement shall state particularly upon what account all moneys were received, and it shall also specify all appropriations made by the common council during the year, and the particular pur- pose for which each appropriation was made. such statement shall be signed by the mayor and recorder, and be filed in the recorder's office, and a copy thereof shall be published in a news- paper printed in said city for at least two weeks. sec. . . the common council shall have authority to make all by-laws and ordinances relative to the powers, duties and compensation of the officers of said corporation, subject to the restriction as to the compensation of officers mentioned in this act, to provide for the collection and disposition of all fines and penalties which may be incurred under the by laws and ordinan- ces of said city, and to make all such other by-laws, ordinances and regulations for the purpose of carrying into effect the powers charter of the conferred by this act, which they may deem necessary to provide for the safety and good government of the city, and preserve the health and protect the property of the inhabitants thereof; and to this end the common council may impose fines and penalties for any violation of the by-laws and ordinances which may be made by them as aforesaid. title v. finance and taxation. section . the common council shall examine, settle and allow all accounts and demands properly chargeable against the said city, as well of its officers as other persons, and shall nave authority to provide means for the payment of the same, and for defraying the contingent expenses of the said city, subject only to the limitation and restrictions in this act contained. sec. . the common council shall have authority to assess, levy, and collect taxes on all the real and personal estate taxable in said city, which tax shall be and remain a lien upon the prop- erty so assessed, until the same shall be paid: provided, that they shall not raise by general tax in any one year, exclusive of school taxes, more than six thousand dollars for general purposes, nor more than two thousand dollars for street or highway purpo- ses, except as hereinafter stated, unless authorized thereto by a vote of the property tax payers of said city who are electors, when convened for that purpose, pursuant to previous notice: providedfurther, that the common council shall have the power, at the request of the aldermen of any ward, to cause to be levied and collected by tax in such ward, as other taxes, a sum not ex- ceeding one thousand dollars for that year for highway purposes, to be expended ih said ward under the direction of the aldermen thereof; and the common council shall provide by ordinance for the assessment and collection of a license tax of not less than one hundred dollars, or more than two hundred dollars, annually, payable quarterly, upon each and every person within the limits of said city, who is or shall be engaged in keeping a victualing house, saloon,, or other place for furnishing meals, food or drink; city of ann arbor. » and a further tax of not less than twenty dollars, or more than one hundred dollars annually, payable quarterly, upon each bil- liard table kept for rent, or hire, or for public amusement within the limits of said city.* sec. . whenever the common councit shall deem it necessary to raise a greater sum in any one year than six thous- and dollars for general purposes, or two thousand dollars for street or highway purposes, they shall give at least five days' notice, in writing, to be posted up in at least five public places in each ward in said city, which notice shall state the time and place of such meeting, and shall specify the objects and purposes for which the moneys proposed to be raised is to be expended, and when such meeting shall be assembled in pursuance of such notice, such electors, by a ballot vote, shall determine the amounts oi money which shall be raised for such objects specified in the notice: provided, that such tax shall not in any one year exceed one per cent of the valuation of the real and person- al estate taxable within the limits of the city: and provided also, that not more than two such meetings shall be held in any one calendar year.")" sec. . the common council may appoint the aldermen to assist the supervisor in taking the assessment of property in the respective wards where the alderman resides, and all state, coun- ty and school taxes in said city, and all city taxes which shall be raised by general tax, shall be levied and collected as near as may be, in the same manner as is provided by law for the assess- ment and collection of taxes by township officers; and all pro- ceedings for the return, sale and redemption of real estate for non-payment of taxes, shall be in conformity with the proceed- ings for the return, sale and redemption of real estate as required by the laws af this state. sec. . whenever the common council shall be authorized by a vote of the property tax-payers of said city to raise a tax for any specific purposes, and which cannot be included in the as- » as amended by act no. , s. l., , page laj. f as amended by act no. mi,s. l»., , page . charter of the sessment roll, and collected and returned for non-payment, as provided in the preceding section of this act, it shall be lawful for the common council to apportion such tax upon the property taxable for such purpose, according to the valuation contained in the then last assessment roll, and shall place .the tax in a column opposite the valuation of the property, and when such roll is completed, the recorder shall make and deliver a copy thereof to the treasurer of said city, together with a warrant or warrants, signed by the mayor and recorder, commanding such treasurer to collect from the several persons named in said roll, the several sums mentioned in the last column of such roll opposite their re- spective names, within a time in said warrant specified, not less than thirty days nor more than ninety days from the date there- of, together with a collection fee of one per cent, which said treasurer may add to each person's tax and collect therewith; and such warrant shall authorize the treasurer, in case any person named in said roll shall neglect or refuse to pay his tax, with the collection fee above provided, to levy the same by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of such person; and it shall be the duty of such treasurer to collect such taxes within the time speci- fied in such warrant, or within such further time as the common council may by resolution direct, and to deliver such roll and warrant to the recorder; and if any person shall neglect or refuse • to pay the tax imposed upon him, the treasurer may levy the ■ same by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of such per- son ,in the same manner as township treasurers; and if any of the taxes mentioned in said roll shall remain unpaid, and the treas- urer shall be unable to collect the same from the person taxed, he shall make out and deliver to the city recorder, a full and per- fect copy from said roll, of the description of the premises so taxed and of the taxes thereon so unpaid, and shall add thereto an affidavit, sworn to before an officer anthorized to administer oaths for general purposes, that the sums mentioned in such statement remain unpaid, and that he has not, upon diligent search and inquiry, been able to discover any goods or chattels belonging to the person taxed, whereupon he could levy the same.* * as amended by act no, , s. l. , page . city of ann arbor. sec. . the common council may by ordinance provide for the collection of all taxes necessary to be raised, other than such as may be raised as provided in section four, of title five, and for the sale of any real estate for the non-payment of such tax, and for the redemption thereof: provided, that all the proceedings relative to the notice of sale, the manner of con- ducting the same, and the time to redeem, shall be in conformity. as near as may be, to the provisions of law.regulating the sale of lands delinquent for state, county and township taxes. sec. . in making assessments in said city, and in appor- tioning the taxes for city purposes, the supervisors shall so dis- criminate as not to impose upon the rural portions those expenses which belong exclusively to the built portions of the city, for which purpose they may in their discretion distinguish in their assessments what properties are within the agricultural or rural sections, not having the benefit of lighting, watering, watching or other expenditures for purposes exclusively for the benefit of the built and densely populated parts of the city; and all lands within such agricultural or rural districts exclusively used for wood land, pasture, meadow, or farming purposes, may be as- sessed to the owner or occupant at their cash value, and by some general description, and not as separate city lots; and for such purpose the common council, in preparing the certified statement to the supervisors of the amount of taxes to be raised for general purposes, public buildings or street or highway purposes, shall distinguish between the expenses which are properly chargeable upon the whole city, and those which are exclusively for the benefit of the more densely populated parts of the city, and shall apportion to each assessment district its equitable proportion of the taxes for each purpose, and shall in such statement distin- guish the amount of each class of such local expenses; and the supervisors, in levying such local taxes, shall charge upon the property within the district to be benefited by such local expen- ditures, the amount of taxes therefor.* sec. . each supervisor of said city shall, on or before the * as amended by act , s. l.., , page . charter of the first day of december, deliver to the city treasurer a copy of the corrected assessment roll of his district with the taxes for the year annexed to each valuation and carried out in the last column thereof, the school, library and school-house taxes in one column, the highway or street taxes in another, the city taxes in another, the county taxes in another, and the state taxes in another col- umn, and if other taxes are at any time required by law, they shall be placed each in another column, and the warrant for the collection shall specify particularly the several amounts and pur- poses for which said taxes are to be paid into the city and county treasuries respectively.* sec. . to such assessment roll or tax list, each supervi- sor shall annex a warrant, under his hand, directed to the city treasurer, commanding him to collect from the several persons named in said roll, the several sums mentioned in the last column of such roll opposite their respective names; and such warrant shall authorize the treasurer, in case any person named in such roll shall neglect or refuse to pay his tax, with the fees for col- lection to be added by said treasurer, as hereinafter provided, to levy the same by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of such person.f sec. . the city treasurer shall immediately after the re- ceipt of the several tax rolls, post up in the postoffice in said city, and in as many as ten of the most public places in each ward of said city, conspicuous handbills, giving notice where the tax rolls can be seen, the taxes paid, and a receipt obtained therefor, at any time between nine o'clock in the forenoon and twelve o'clock, noon, and from one o'clock until four o'clock in the af- ternoon, during the month of december (sundays and christ- mas excepted); and the tax rolls shall be kept at the place men- tioned in such handbills during the days and hours above speci- fied, so that any person or persons can pay the tax or taxes as- sessed against him or them, and obtain the treasurer's receipt therefor. j * as amended by act no. , s. l.. , page . t as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . x as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . city of ann arbor. skc. . upon all taxes paid to the treasurer before the first day of january, he shall add one-half of one per cent, for collection fees; and upon all taxes collected by him after the said first day of january, he shall add one and one-half of one per cent, for such collection fees, and collect such percentage with such tax, in the same manner as he is authorized to collect the tax; and for the purpose of collecting such fees by the treas- urer, such percentage shall be deemed and taken to be a part of the tax.* sec. . the treasurer of said city shall proceed to collect the taxes in the several supervisors' districts, and on or before the first day of february, shall account for and pay over to the county treasurer the amounts specified in the several supervisors' warrants to be collected for state and county purposes, and shall return to the said county treasurer a statement of the taxes re- maining unpaid and due, in the manner provided by law for township treasurers; and all the provisions of the laws of this state relating to the collection of taxes by township treasurers, of to the paying over money by the township treasurers to the county treasurer, or returning by the township treasurer to the county treasurer, of a statement of the taxes remaining unpaid and due, are hereby made applicable to the treasurer of said city.f sec. sec. . no bond, note or other obligation or evidence of indebtedness of said corporation, except orders on the treasurer, as hereinafter provided, shall ever be given or issued by said cor- poration, or by any officer thereof, in his official capacity, where- by the said city shall become obligated to pay any money, unless the same shall have been duly authorized by the legislature of this state, and shall have been submitted to and voted for by the tax payers of said city in conformity to this act, but the com- mon council may allow just claims against the city, and may issue orders therefor on the treasurer, payable on the first day of feb- * as amended by act no. . s. l. s , page . f as amendrd by act no. , s l. s , page . i repealed by act no. , s. l. . charter of the ruary next thereafter, but such orders shall not in the aggregate, in any one year, exceed the aggregate of taxes levied to pay the same in such year. all moneys received for the use of said city, shall be paid into the city treasury; and no money shall be drawn from the treasury unless it shall have been previously ap- propriated by the common council to the purpose for which it shall be drawn, except school moneys drawn upon lawful author- ity, and the treasurer shall pay out no money, except as above stated, but upon the written warrant of the mayor and recorder. title vi. streets, sidewalks and public improvements. section . the common council shall be the commission- ers of highways for said city, and shall have the care, supervision and control of the highways, streets, bridges, lanes, alleys, parks and public grounds therein, and of keeping, preserving, repairing, improving, cleansing and securing of such highways, bridges, lanes, alleys, parks and public grounds. the common council shall have power to regulate the time and manner of working upon the streets; to provide for grading and paving the same; to prevent the obstruction or incumbering of any of the streets, lanes, alleys, sidewalks or public grounds in said city; to provide for the erection, preservation and maintenance of lamp- posts and lamps in said streets, and to provide for lighting the same; to provide for the planting and protection of shade trees along the sides of the streets and on public grounds in said city, and to keep such public grounds in good condition; to lay out, open and repair streets and alleys, and the same to alter and va- cate, and to alter and vacate those already laid out. whenever the common council shall be applied to in writing by ten or more freeholders of said city to lay out, establish, open, alter or discontinue any street, common, lane, alley, sidewalk, highway, water-course or bridge, they shall proceed to lay out, establish, open, alter or discontinue the same as hereinafter directed: pro- vided, that no second application shall be made within twelve city of ann arbor. ' discharge the like duties as are imposed on the township clerk by the provision of law. sec. . when the damages or compensations aforesaid shall have been paid or tendered to the person entitled thereto, or an order on the city treasury for the amount of such damages, shall have been executed and delivered, or tendered to such person or persons, if known, and residents of said city, said common coun- cil shall then give notice to the owner or occupant of the land through which any such highway, street, lane, alley or common, sidewalk, water-course or bridge shall have been laid out, altered or established; or if such owner or occupant shall not be known, or b* non-resident, then by"pasting such notice in three public places in the ward or wards in which said property shall be situated, and require him within such time as they shall deem reasonable, not less than thirty days after giving such notice, to remove his fence or fences; and in case such owner or occupant shall neglect or refuse to remove his fence or fences within the time specified in such notice, the said common coun- cil shall have full power, and it shall be their duty to enter with such aid and assistance as shall be necessary, upon the premises and remove such fence or fences, and open such highway, street, lane, alley, sidewalk or water course, without delay, after the ti ne specified in such notice shall have expired: provided, that in the rural districts of said city, no person shall be required to remove his fence or fences between the first day of may and the first day of november. sec. . no person shall be deemed to have gained any title as against the city by lapse of time, to any street, lane, alley, common or public square heretofore laid out or platted by the proprietor or proprietors of said city, or any part thereof, by reason of any encroachment or enclosure of the same. sec. . the common council shall have power to cause the expense of making, paving and opening streets, lanes and alleys, of grading, paving or planking sidewafks, of making drains, sewers, water-courses and ditches, and other local im- provements to be assessed against the owners or occupants of the lots or premises which are in front of or adjoining such improve- a charter of the merits, or by general tax, as they may deem just and proper: provided, that no such assessment shall be made or collected other than by general tax, unless upon the application in writing of two-thirds of all the resident owners or occupants of the real estate which may be subject to pay the tax for such local im- provement; and the common council shall have power to make all by-laws and ordinances relative to the mode of assessing, levying and collecting such tax. and they may, by such by-laws and ordinances, provide that the real estate assessed for such im- provements, may be sold or leased for a term of years to pay such assessment. sec. . the common council shall have power to assess and collect from every white male inhabitant of said city over the age of twenty-one years (except paupers, idiots and lunatics) an annual .capitation or poll tax not exceeding one dollar, and they may provide by their by-laws for the collection of the same; and the street commissioner shall have and possess all the powers given by statute to overseers of highways in the col- lection of highway taxes assessed against individuals in town- ships, except as is otherwise provided by the ordinances or by- laws of said common council: provided, that any person as- sessed for a poll tax may pay the same by one day's labor upon the streets, under the direction of the street commissioner, who shall give to each person so assessed, notice of the time and place when and where such labor will be required; and the money raised by poll tax, or the labor in lieu thereof, shall be. expended or performed in the respective wards where the per- son so taxed shall reside. sec. . the common council shall have power to provide for keeping clear, repairing and renewing, when necessary, all sidewalks that are now made, or may hereafter be made, planked or paved, within the city of ann arbor, and to make rules and ordinances to require the respective owners or occupants of real estate in said city, having a sidewalk in front thereof, to keep it clear and in good repair, or renew when necessary the sidewalk in front of the premises owned or occupied by them respectively, and the common council shall have power to provide for enforc- city of ann arbor. ' ing by fine or otherwise, the repair, clearing, or renewing the side- walks, against the owner or occupant, whose duty it is to repair, clear and renew the same, and may prescribe the time and man- ner of notifying and requiring persons to clear, repair or renew such sidewalks, preparatory to imposing fine or penalty, and the manner of imposing, levying and collecting any such fine or penalty, and may prescribe the manner of assessing, levying and collecting from the person or persons liable to pay, from their goods and chattels, or by sale or by lease for years of the premi- ses, in front of which such sidewalk shall be; and if by reason of the neglect of the owner or occupant, whose duty it may be at the time, to clear, repair, or renew the same shall have been re- paired or renewed by or under the direction of the proper city officers, the expense of such cleat ing, repairing or renewing, with the cost and expenses of clearing the same, shall be chargeable against such persons so neglecting as aforesaid; the common council shall have power to establish the grade of any sidewalk to be constructed or renewed in said city, to prescribe the width of the same and the materials of which the same shall be com- posed, and may enforce as aforesaid a compliance with their or- ders in respect to the same. sec. . whenever an action shall have been maintained and judgment recovered against said city by any person on ac- count of damages sustained by reason of any defective sidewalk or opening in the same, occasioned by the'wrong or negligence of the owner or occupant of the premises in front of which said sidewalk shall be, or on account of any excavation in the street by any gas, hydraulic or railroad company, and such owner, oc- cupant or company shall have been reasonably notified to appear and defend said action, the judgment, if any, obtained against said city, shall be conclusive as to the amount of damages, and the validity of the claim of the city against such owner, occupant or company, and the same may be recovered in an action for money paid for the use of said owner, occupant or company, or in any other proper form of action. charter of the title vii. prevention and extinguishment op fires. section i. for the purpose of guarding against the calam- ities of fire, the common council may from time to time, by or- dinance, designate such portions and parts of the said city as they shall think proper, within which no building of wood shall be erected, and may regulate and direct the erection of build- ings within such portions and parts, and the size and materials thereof, and the size of the chimneys therein; and every person who shall violate any such ordinance or regulation shall forfeit to the city the sum of one hundred dollars, and every building erected contrary to such ordinance is hereby declared to be a common nuisance, and may be abated and removed by such common council. sec. . the common council may by ordinance require the owners or occupants of houses and other buildings to have scuttles on the roofs of such houses and other buildings, and stairs or ladders leading to the same; and whenever any penalty shall have been recovered against the owner or occupant of any house or other building, for not complying with such ordinance, the common council may at the expiration of twenty days after such recovery, cause such scuttles and stairs or ladders to be con- structed, and may recover the expenses thereof, with ten per cent, in addition, of the owner or occupant whose duty it was to comply with such ordinance. sec. . the common council may by ordinance require the inhabitants of the city to provide such and so many fire buckets for eich house or tenement therein, and within such time, as they shall prescribe, and may require such buckets to be produced at every fire. sec. . the common council may regulate and direct the construction of safe deposits for ashes, and may compel the cleaning of chimneys, flues, stove-pipes and all other conductors of smoke, and upon the neglect of the owner or occupant of any city of ann arbor. house, tenement or building of any description having therein any chimneys, flues, stove-pipe, or other conductors of smoke, to clean the same, as shall have been directed by any ordinance, the common council may cause the same to be cleansed, and may collect the expenses thereof and ten per cent, in addition, from the owner or occupant whose duty it was to have the same cleaned. sec. . the common council may regulate the use of lights and candles in livery stables and other buildings in which combustible articles may be deposited, and may prescribe the use of lanterns or safety lamps in such building; and may regu- late the transporting, keeping and deposit of gunpowder or other dangerous or combustible materials, and may prevent or regulate the carrying on of manufactures dangerous in causing or producing fires, and may authorize and direct the removal of any hearth, fire-place, siove-pipc, flue, chimney or other conduc- tor of smoke, or any apparatus or device in which any fire may be used, or to which fire may be applied, that shall be consid- ered dangerous and liable to cause and promote fires, and gen erally may adopt such other regulations for the prevention and suppression of fires as they may deem necessary. sec. . for the purpose of enforcing such regulations the common council may authorize any of the officers of the said city, and may appoint persons, at all reasonable times to enter into and examine all dwelling-houses, buildings, and tenements of every description, and all lots, yards and enclosures, and to cause such as are dangerous to be put in safe condition ; and may authorize such officers and persons to inspect all hearths, fire places, stoves, pipes, flues, chimneys or other conductors of smoke, or any apparatus or device in which fire may be used or to which fire may be applied, and remove and make the same safe, at the expense of the owners or occupants of the buildings in which the same may be, and to ascertain the number and con- dition of the fire buckets, and the situation of any building in respect to its exposure to fire, and whether scuttles and ladders thereto have been provided, and generally with such powers and charter of the duties as the common council shall deem necessary to guard the city from the calamities of fire. sec. . the common council may procure, own, build, erect and keep in repair such and so many fire engines, with their hose and other apparatus, engine houses, ladders, fire- hooks, and other implements and conveniences for the extin- guishment of fires, and to prevent injuries by fire, and so many public cisterns, wells and reservoirs of water as they from time to time shall judge necessary. sec. . the common council shall have power to organize said city into so many fire districts as they may deem necessary, and may organize and maintain a fire department for said city, to consist of one chief engineer, two assistant engineers, and twice as many wardens as there are wards in the said city, a proper number of firemen, not exceeding eighty to each engine, such numbers of hook and ladder men, and such number of tub and hose men, as may be appointed by the said common coun- cil, all to have privileges and exemptions of firemen, and to hold their appointment during the pleasure of the common council. sec. . the common council may make rules and regula- tions for the government of said engineers, wardens, firemen, hook and ladder men, and tub and hosemen; may prescribe their respective duties in case of fire or alaims of fire: may di- rect the dresses and badges of authority to be worn by them; may prescribe and regulate the time and manner of their exer- cise, and may impose reasonable fines for the breach of any such regulations. sec. . the engineers and fire wardens, under the direc- tion of the common council, shall have the custody and general superintendence of the fire engines, engine house, hooks, lad- ders, hose, public cisterns, reservoirs and other conveniences for the extinguishment and prevention of fires, and it shall be their duty to see that the same are kept in order, and to see that the by-laws and ordinances relative to the prevention and extin- guishment of fires are duly executed, and to make detailed and particular reports of the state of their department, and of the conduct of-the firemen, hook and ladder men, tub and" hose city of ann arbor. men, to the common council at stated periods, to be prescribed by the common council, and to make such reports to the mayor whenever required by him; the certificate of the recorder that a person is or has been a fireman shall be evidence of the facts in all courts and places, on proof of the genuineness of such cer- tificate. sec. . the common council may, by ordinance, direct the manner in which the bells of the city shall be tolled or rung in cases of fire or alarms of fire, and may impose penalties for ringing or tolling of such bells in such manner at any other time than during a fire or alarm of fire. sec. . the common council may provide suitable com- pensation for any injury that any fireman, hook and ladder man, or tub and hose man may receive in his person or property, in consequence of his exertions at any fire. sec. . the common council may by ordinance— first. prescribe the duties and powers of the engineers and wardens at fires, and in cases of alarms of fire, and may vest in them such powers as shall be deemed necessary to pre- serve property from being stolen, and to extinguish and prevent fires; second. to prescribe the powers and duties of the mayor and aldermen at such fires, and in case of alarms; but in no case shall the mayor or any alderman control or direct the chief engineer or his assistants during any fire; third. provide for the removal or keeping away from such fires all idle, disorderly and suspicious persons, and may confer powers for that purpose on the engineers, fire wardens or officers of the city; fourth. provide for compelling persons to bring their fire buckets to any place of fire, and to aid in the extinguishment thereof by forming lines or ranks for the purpose of carrying water, and by all proper means to aid in the preservation, re- moval and securing of property exposed to danger by fire; fifth. to compel the marshal and his deputies, constables and watchmen of the city to be present at such fires, and to per- form such duties as the said common council shall prescribe. charter of the sec. . whenever any person shall refuse to obey any lawful order of any engineer, fire warden,( mayor or alderman at any fire, it shall be lawful for the officer giving such orders to ar- rest or to direct orally any constable, watchman, or any citizen, to arrest such person, and confine him temporarily in a safe place until such fire shall be extinguished; and in the same man- ner such officers or any of them may arrest or direct the arrest and confinement of any person at such fire who shall be intoxi- cated or disorderly. sec. . whenever any building in said city shall be on fire, it shall be the duty, and be lawful, for the chief engineer and two members of the common council, or in case of the ab- sence of the chief engineer, then under the direction of one of the assistant engineers, and two members of the common coun- cil; or in case of the absence of the chief and assistant engi- neers, then under the direction of three members of the com- mon council and the foreman of a fire company, to order and direct such building, or any other building which they may deem hazardous and likely to communicate fire to other build- ings, or any part of such building, to be pulled down and de- stroyed, and no action shall be maintained against any person or against the city therefor; but any person interested in any such building so destroyed or injured, may, within three months thereafter, apply to the common council to assess and pay the damages he has sustained; at the expiration of three months, if any such application shall have been made in writing, the com- mon council shall either pay to the said claimant such sum as shall be agreed upon by them and the said claimant for such damages, or if no such agreement shall be effected the common council shall proceed to assess the amount of such damages, and provide for the collection and payment of the same. sec. . the common council, in assessing the damages incurred by any claimant, by pulling down or destruction of such building, by the direction of said officers of the city, as above provided, shall take into account the probability of the same having been destroyed or injured by fire if it had not been so pulled down and destroyed, and may report that no damage city of ann arbor. should be equitably allowed to such claimant; and in case no damages are allowed, or in case any damages are allowed, a pay- ment or tender of an order for the same by the common coun- cil, shall be deemed a full satisfaction of all said damages of the said claimant. title viii. of the public health. section . it shall be the duty of the common council of said city to appoint a board of health once in each year for said city, to consist of not less than three, nor more than one person in each ward, one of whom shall be a competent physician, and who shall be the health officer thereof. sec. . the members of said board shall hold their office for one year, and until their successors are appointed and accept said office, and they shall be removed by the common council only for neglect of duty, misconduct or corruption in office, and after a fair opportunity for defense shall be given them before said council. sec . the said board shall have and possess all the pow- ers given by the general statutes of this state to boards of health in townships, in addition to those herein particularly enume- rated. said board of health shall have power and it shall be their duty to take such measures as they shall deem effectual to prevent the entrance of any pestilential or infectious disease into the city; to stop, detain and examine for that purpose every per- son coming from any place infected or believed to be infected with such a disease; to establish, maintain and regulate a pest- house or hospital at some place within the city, or not exceeding three miles beyond its limits or bounds; to cause any person not being a resident of the city, or if a resident of the city who is not an inhabitant of this state, who shall be, or be suspected of being infected with any such disease, to be sent to such pest- house or hospital, to cause any resident of the city infected with any such disease to be removed to such pest-house or hospital if ' charter of the improvement upon such premises, together with a ratable pro- portion of the expenses of assessing and collecting the money expended in making such improvements. sec. . whenever, in the opinion of the common council, any building, fence, or other erection of any kind, or any part thereof, is liable to fall down, .and persons or property may there- by be endangered, they may order any owner or occupant of the premises on which said bnilding, fence, or other erection stands, to take down the same or any part thereof within a reasonable time, to be fixed by their order, or immediately, as the case may require, or may immediately, in case the order is not complied with, cause the same to be taken down at the expense of the city, on account of the owner of the premises, and assess the same on the land on which it stood. the order, if not immedi- ate in its terms, may be served on any occupant of the premises, or be published in the city papers, as the common council shall direct. sec. . the said board of health shall have power to appoint one of their number a clerk, whose duty it shall be to attend the meetings thereof, and to keep a record of its proceed- ings, and such record, or a duly certified copy of the same, or any part thereof, shall be prima facie evidence of the facts therein contained, in any court or before any officer. sec. . the members of the board of health shall receive such compensation for their services as may be allowed by the common council. title ix. courts of justice, fines, penalties and legal proceedings. sec. . the justices of the peace in said city exercising civil jurisdiction, shall be- deemed justices of the peace of the county of washtenaw, and shall have all the powers and jurisdiction given by the general laws of the state in relation to civil and criminal cases before justices of the peace in townships, and ap- peals from their judgments and convictions may be made to the city of ann arbor. circuit court for the county of washtenaw, in the same manner as appeals from justices' judgments and convictions in towns are made: provided, that all actions within the jurisdiction of justices of the peace may be commenced and prosecuted in said justices' courts, when the plaintiff or defendant, or one of the plaintiffs or defendants resides in a township adjoining the town- ship or city of ann arbor, or in the townships of york, saline, freedom or lima. sec. . any justice of the peace residing in said city of ann arbor, shall have full power and authority, and it is hereby made the duty of such justice upon complaint to him, in writing, to inquire into and hear, try and determine all offenses which shall be committed within said city against any of the by-laws or or- dinances which shall be made by the common council in pursu- ance of the powers granted by this act, and to punish the offend- ers as 'by said by laws or ordinances shall be prescribed or directed; to award all process, and take recognizance for the keeping of the peace, for the appearance of the person charged, and upon appeal, and to commit to prison as occasion may re- quire. sec. . the corporation of the city of ann arbor shall be allowed to use the common jail of the county of washtenaw, for the imprisonment of all persons liable to imprisonment under the by-laws and ordinances [of] the common council, and all persons committed to jail by any justice of the peace for a violation of a by-law or ordinance of said common council, shall be in the custody of the sheriff of the county, who shall safely keep the person so committed until lawfully discharged, as in other cases. whenever, by the terms of any ordinance of said city, it is provided that any person convicted of an offense shal' be imprisoned, said person may be confined in the county jail of the county of washtenaw, or in the house of correction in the city of detroit, in the discretion of the court. sec. . whenever any person shall be charged with having violated any ordinance of the common council, by which the offender is liable to imprisonment, any justice of the peace re- siding in said city, to whom complaint shall be made, in writing charter of the and on oath, shall issue a warrant directed "to the sheriff or any constable of the county of washtenaw," commanding him forth- with to bring the body of such person before him, to be dealt with according to law; and the marshal, or other officer to whom said warrant shall be delivered for service, is hereby required to execute the same, in any part of this state where such offender may be found, under the penalties which are by law incurred by sheriffs and other officers for neglecting or refusing to execute other criminal process. sec. . all process issued by any justice of the peace, to enforce or carry into effect any of the by-laws or ordinances of the common council, shall be directed "to the marshal of the city of ann arbor," or " to the sheriff or any constable of the county of washtenaw," and such process may be executed by any of said officers anywhere within this state, and shall be returned the same as other similar process issued by justices of the peace. the expenses of apprehending, examining and com- mitting offenders against any law of this state in the said city, and of their confinement, shall be audited and allowed and paid by the supervisors of the county of washtenaw, in the same manner as if such expenses had been incurred in any town of said county. sec. . all actions against the city of ann arbor shall be commenced by summons, which shall be served upon the record- er at least six days before the return day thereof, by giving him a copy of said summons, with the name of the officer serving the same endorsed thereon, or in case of the absence of the recorder from the city, then by leaving such copy with the mayor endorsed as aforesaid: provided, no suit shall be maintained against the city, until the claim whereon the same is founded shall have been presented to the common council of said city, at a regular meet- ing of the same, for allowance. sec. . in all suits in which the corporation of the city of ann arbor shall be a party, or shall be interested, no inhabitant of said city shall be deemed incompetent as an officer, witness or juror, on account of his interest in the event of such suit or action: charter of the all costs and charges thereon, shall be paid, or he be discharged by due couise of law: provided, that the common council may remit such fine in whole or in part, if it shall be made to appear that the person so imprisoned is unable to pay the same. sec. io. all fines, penalties or forfeitures recovered before any of said justices for a violation of the by-laws or ordinances of said city shall, when collected, be paid into the city treasury; and each of said justices shall report, on oath, to the common council on the first mondays of january, april, july and septem- ber, during the term for which he shall perform the duties of such justice, the number and name of every person against whom judgment shall have been rendered for such fine, penalty or for- feiture, and all moneys so received, or which may be in his hands, collected on such fine, penalty or forfeiture, shall be paid into said city treasury on the first monday of the months above named during the time such justice shall exercise the duties of said office, and for any neglect in this particular he may be sus- pended or removed, as hereinafter provided. sec. i . any justice of the peace of said city may be sus- pended or removed from his said office by the circuit court for the county of washtenaw, for neglect or refusal to pay over, as required by law, moneys by him collected for or on account of any fine, penalty or forfeiture, or the unfaithful or insufficient performance of his duties in relation to the internal police of the state, or for any official misconduct, on charges specifically pre- ferred by said common council of said city, or any member or officer thereof, or by three electors of said city, founded on affi- davit filed in said circuit court, specifically stating the charges complained of, a copy whereof shall be served on him at least ten days before presenting such charges to said court, and oppor- tunity shall be given to him to be heard in his defense. sec. . all persons being habitual drunkards, destitute and without any visible means of support, and who, being such habitual drunkards, shall abandon, neglect, or refuse to aid in the support of their families, being complained of by such families, all able-bodied and sturdy beggars who may apply for alms or solicit charity, all persons wandering abroad, lodging in watch- city of ann arbor. houses, out-houses, market-places, sheds, stables, or uninhabited dwellings, or in the open air, and not giving a good account of themselves, all common brawlers, and disturbers of the public quiet, all persons wandering abroad and begging, or who go about from door to door, to place themselves in streets, high- ways passages, or other public places, or beg or receive alms within the said city, shall be deemed vagrants, and may, upon con- viction before any justice of the peace in said city, be sentenced to confinement in the county jail of said county, or in the house of correction in the city of detroit, for any time not exceeding sixty days. sec. . all persons who shall have actually abandoned their wives or children in the city of ann arbor, or may neglect to provide, according to their means, for their wives or children, are hereby declared to be disorderly persons, within the meaning of chapter thirty-nine, of title nine, of the revised statutes of eighteen hundred and forty-six, and may be proceeded against as such, in the manner directed by said title; and it shall be the duty of the magistrate before whom any such person may be brought for examination, to judge and determine from the facts and circumstances of the case whether the conduct of said per- son amounts to such desertion or neglect to provide for his wife or children. title x. salaries of officers. sec. . the officers of said corporation shall be entitled to receive out of the city treasury the following sums in full pay- ment of their services: the mayor shall be paid one dollar per annum; the aldermen shall be entitled to receive one dollar and fifty cents per day when employed in assisting the supervisor in taking the assessment; the recorder shall receive such sum as the common council shall allow, not exceeding three hundred dol- lars per annum; the city attorney and treasurer shall be entitled to receive, respectively, such sum as the common council shall charter of the allow, not exceeding one hundred dollars per annum: provided, that the said treasurer shall be entitled to receive, in addition to such salary, the fees hereinbefore provided for collecting the taxes to be levied and collected in said city. the marshal shall be entitled to receive the same fees for serving process in behalf of the corporation as constables are by law allowed for similar services; and he shall also receive such further compensation, not exceeding one hundred dollars per annum, as the common council shall allow; the justices of the peace and the constables shall be allowed the same fees as are by law allowed to corres- ponding township officers; the street commissioners and super- visors, and all other officers of said city, shall be entitled to receive such compensation as the common council shall allow, not exceeding two dollars per day for every day actually em- ployed in the performance of the duties of their respective offices.* miscellaneous provisions. sec. . the mayor or chairman of any committee or special committee gf the common council shall have power to administer any oath, or take any affidavit in respect to any mat- ter pending before the common council or such committee. sec. . any person may be required to take any oath or affirmation, under or by virtue of any provision of this act, who shall, under such oath or affirmation, in any statement or affida- vit, or otherwise, wilfully swear falsely as to any material fact or matter, shall be deemed guilty of perjury. sec. . if any suit shall be commenced against any per- son, elected or appointed under this act to any office, for any act done or omitted to be done under such election or appointment, or against any person having done any thing or act by the com- mand of any such officer, and if final judgment be rendered in such suit, whereby any such defendant shall be entitled to costs, he shall recover double costs in the manner defined by law. sec. . the common council of said city is hereby author- ized and required to perform the same duties in and for said city as * as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . city of ann arbor. are by law imposed upon the township boards of the several town- ships of this state, in relation to schools, school taxes, county and state taxes, and state, district and county elections; and the supervisors and assessors, justices of the peace and recorder, and all other officers of said city, who are required to perform the duties of township officers of this state, shall take the oath, give the bond, perform like duties, and receive the same pay and in the same manner, and be subject to the same liabilities as pro- vided for the corresponding township officers, excepting as is otherwise provided in this act, or as may be provided by the ordinances of the common council. sec. . the ordinances now in force in the city of ann arbor shall remain in force until repealed, altered or amended by the common council; and all property, rights, credits and effects of every kind, belonging to either of the corporations known as the village of ann arbor or of the city of ann arbor, shall be and remain the property of the said city of ann arbor. sec. . all acts heretofore enacted in regard to the village of ann arbor, or the city of ann arbor, coming within the purview of this act, are hereby repealed: provided, that the repealing of said acts aforesaid shall not affect any act already done, or any right acquired under, or proceeding had or com- menced by virtue thereof, but the same shall remain as valid as if said acts remained in full force: and provided further, that all persons now holding office in the city of ann arbor, under the acts hereby repealed, shall continue to hold and exercise the duties of such offices during the term for which they were respect- ively elected, unless by change of boundaries they shall cease to reside in the ward or district for which they were elected. sec. . this act shall not be construed so as to change, alter or annul any act heretofore passed for the organization or government of school district number one, of the city and town- ship of ann arbor. sec. . this act shall be deemed a public act, and shall be favorably construed in all courts. sec. . this act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. an act to raise money for waterworks. [no. , session laws, .] an act to anthorize the mayor recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor to borrow money and issue bonds to aid in furnishing said city with water. section . the people ofthe state ofmichigan enact, that the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, in the county of washtenaw, are hereby authorized and empowered to borrow money, on the faith and credit of said city, and to is- sue bonds therefor to an amount not exceeding seventy-five thous- and dollars, to be paid by said city, within a period not exceed- ing twenty years from the date thereof, and at a rate of interest not exceeding seven per cent, per annum; the said bonds, or the money realized from the sale thereof, to be used and applied to the purpose of furnishing the said city of ann arbor with water, and for no other purpose. sec. . the bonds hereby authorized to be issued by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of said city, for the purpose afore- said, shall be coupon bonds, in denominations of not less than one hundred dollars nor more than five hundred dollars each, and shall be signed by the mayor and countersigned by the re- corder, and issued payable to the order of the person named there- in, or to the bearer, in such sums, not exceeding in the aggregate seventy-five thousand dollars, payable at such times, not exceed- ing twenty years from the date thereof, and at such rate of inter- est, not exceeding seven per cent, per annum, payable annually or semi-annually, as the common council shall determine: pro- vided, that said mayor, recorder and aldermen aforesaid shall not be authorized and empowered to issue said coupon bonds, or any part or number thereof, unless a majority of the tax paying an act to raise money for water works. electors of said city of ann arbor, present and voting, rhall, as provided in section three, title five of the charter of said city, first determine the sum of money that shall be raised for the pur- pose aforesaid, and bonds issued therefor. sec. . it shall be the duty of the common council of said city to provide, by tax, for the payment of the interest accruing on the bonds issued under the provisions of this act, as the same shall become due, which tax shall be in addition to the taxes which the said common council are now, or may be hereafter au- thorized to levy and collect; and it shall be the duty of the said common council to provide for the payment of the principal of said bonds, at the maturity thereof, by tax upon the taxable property in said city of ann arbor, to be levied and collected in uanner provided in the charter of said city. sec. . the common council shall have power to construct such water works, or they may authorize the same to be construc- ted by a company, and to aid such company by issuing to such company the city bonds aforesaid; but in such case the bonds aforesaid shall not be issued to such company exceeding one-half the cost of such water works at the time of such issue, the cost of the works to be ascertained by three commissioners appointed by the circuit court for washtenaw county, upon petition presented by authority of said common council. sec. . fifteen per cent, of the amount of aid granted to any company shall be retained until the works are put in success- ful operation, and until the common council are satisfied that the company have, in good faith, performed their contract. approved april , . re-registration act. [no. , session laws .] an act to provide for a re-rcglstration of electors in the city of ann arbor. section . the people of the state of michigan enact, that the board of registration of the city of ann arbor, as con- stituted by the provisions of "an act to further preserve the purity of elections and guard against the abuse of the elective franchise by a registration of electors," approved february fourteenth, eighteen hundred and fifty-nine, and by the provis- ions of the charter of said city, shall mnke a new and complete registration of the electors of said city, at sessions of said board to be held in the several wards of said city on the monday, tuesday, and wednesday next preceding the annual charter election to be held on the first monday in april, eighteen hundred and seven- ty-five, and at such other times, not oftener than every eighth year, as the common council of said city may direct; for which purpose the several ward boards shall be and remain in session from nine o'clock in the forenoon to one o'clock in the after- noon, and from three o'clock in the afternoon until seven o'clock in the afternoon of each day before named. notice of such sessions and re-registration shall be given as provided in section two of the act above cited, and registration books of the form prescribed by statute, and now in use in said city, shall be pro- vided under the direction of the common council. the rules and regulations prescribed in the act before cited shall be ob- served and carried out in making the re-registration hereby ordered, and when any registration shall have been completed under the provisions of this act, the registry books prior thereto in use in said city shall be deemed invalid, and no person shall vote at any public election in any ward of said city, after such re-registration act. s re-registration, whose name shall not be entered in the new reg- ister made under the provisions of this act, or be afterwards prop- erly entered in such new register, according to the provisions of the act aforesaid and of this act. sec. . sessions of the board of registration of said city shall be held in the several wards thereof on the tuesday preced- ing each general election of state and county officers, for the purpose of registering new electors in the said ward registra- tion books, in the manner prescribed in the aforesaid act, like notice to be given as provided by section six said act, which sessions shall commence at nine o'clock in the forenoon and close at seven o'clock in the afternoon; and on the wednesday preceding such general election, the said board of registration shall hold a session at the common council room in said city, from nine o'clock in the forenoon until four o'clock in the after- noon, for the purpose of comparing, revising, correcting and completing the several ward registration lists. at such session, the presence of one alderman from each ward shall be necessary to constitute a quorum. applicants for registration, being duly qualified electors, may register at such session, and the names of electors who have removed or died since the preceding election shall be erased with red ink, with the remark "dead," or "re- moved," with the date of erasure. if the name of any elector shall be erased by mistake such elector may be re registered on the day of election, as provided by section eighteen of the act herein before cited. sec. . sessions of the board of registration shall be held in the several wards on the wednesday preceding each charter or special election, for new registration and correction of the registry books, such session to be noticed and conducted as pro- vided by the act before cited, except that the erasure of the names of electors who have removed or died shall be made as provided in the preceding section. such sessions shall commence at nine o'clock in the forenoon and close at seven o'clock in the afternoon. re-registration act. sec. . whenever a new registration shall be ordered by the common council of said city, it shall be made in accordance with the provisions of the first section of this act. sec. . this act shall take immediate effect. approved march , . revised ordinances of the city of ann arbor. title i. of streets and sidewalks. chapter i. an ordinance relative to sidewalks. [passed june th, .] beit ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . the sidewalks in the several streets in the city of ann arbor shall be and the same are hereby established of the following width, to-wit: on the west side of main street, between ann and washington streets, the sidewalk shall be four- teen feet in width; on the east side of main street, between huron and washington streets—on the north side of ann street, between main and fourth streets—on the south side of huron street, between main and fourth streets, and on the east side of fourth street, between ann and huron streets, the sidewalks shall be respectively twelve feet in width, and in all other streets in said city the sidewalks shall be ten feet in width. sec. . a space in front of the established line of all streets, not exceeding one-third the width of the sidewalk in such streets as established by section one of this ordinance, shall be allowed for projections, and it shall not be lawful for any per- son to place or cause to be placed upon any sidewalk, lying outside the line allowed for projections as aforesaid, any box, barrel, article of merchandise or other obstruction or incumbrance revised ordinances of the whatever, or suffer or permit any obstruction to a free passage over such sidewalk to exist, by leaving open any passage way to cellars, or otherwise, excepting so far as the same may be nec- essary and unavoidable in transporting articles across the side walk. sec. . no person shall place, put up, erect or suspend, or suffer to remain placed, put up, erected or suspended, from any building or upon any lot within the limits of this city, any sign, show board or show bills which shall extend from the front of such building or lot over the sidewalk more than three feet, nor shall such sign or show board be less than eight feet in height above the sidewalk. sec. . all posts or railings put up in any street for the support of awnings, shall be placed on the established line be- tween the sidewalk and street; nor shall any awning, or the rails or boards used for connecting the awning posts with the buildings, be less than eight feet in height above the sidewalk. sec. . and to the end that there shall be and remain a free passage for all persons over and across the sidewalks of the city, for at least two-thirds the established width thereof from the outer line of the street, free from all obstructions thereon, or passage ways to cellars, or awnings or rails less than eight feet in height above the sidewalk, it shall be the duty of the mar- shal, upon knowledge or information that any of the sidewalks lying outside the line allowed for projections as aforesaid are in any manner obstructed or encumbered, to require the occupant or owner of the premises in front of which such obstruction or incumbrance exists, to remove the same; and if such occupant or owner shall neglect for the space of twenty-four hours to com- ply with such requisition, the marshal shall forthwith cause such obstruction or incumbrance to be removed: provided, that the provisions of this ordinance shall not be construed to apply to posts for awnings which are now standing, nor to shade trees or the boxes to protect them, nor to obstructions necessarily occa- sioned by the erection or repairing of buildings; but in such case no person shall obstruct more than one-half of the stree - city of ann arbor. and one-half of the sidewalk opposite the premises occupied by such person, without leave first obtained from the common couu- cil. sec. . excepting for the purpose of ingress and egress to and from yards across the sidewalks, no person shall drive, ride or lead, or suffer to remain, any horse, cart, carriage or team of any kind, on any of the sidewalks within the city; nor shall he leave any horse, team or vehicle standing on any of the cross walks in said city. . sec. . that whenever the marshal shall, by virtue of any ordinance, have removed any timber, wood, stone or other en- cumbrance from any of the streets, lanes, alleys, or sidewalks of said city, he shall immediately give notice to the owner thereof, if to be found, that he can have the same by paying the expense of removing together with the legal charges therefor, and if no owner can be found he shall put up a notice as near as may be to the place from whence said obstruction was removed, and if no claimant shall appear and pay said expenses within three days from the date of said notice, the marshal shall proceed to sell the same at public auction to the highest bidder, first giving four days' notice of said sale by posting up five or more written or printed notices in conspicu- ous places, and shall immediately make return of the sale to the city treasurer and pay the money over to him, taking duplicate receipts for the same, one of which he shall immediately file in the recorder's office.* sue. . any person who shall wilfully offend against any of the provisions of this ordinance shall forfeit and pay a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars. * as amended by ordinance passed june d, . revised ordinances of the chapter ii. an ordinance relative to repairing and renewing of side walks. [passed december th, .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . whenever, in the opinion of the common council of the city of ann arbor, any of the sidewalks which are, or may hereafter be made, planked or paved, within said city, shall be so dilapidated, injured or impaired as to make it necessary to renew such sidewalk, by renewing or rebuilding the same, said common council shall establish the grade of said side- walk, and shall prescribe the width of the same, and the material of which the same shall be composed in renewing the same, and it shall be the duty of the chairman of the sidewalk committee, or such other person as the common council may designate to superintend the renewing thereof, and the said chairman of the sidewalk committee, or such other person as the common coun- cil may designate, shall forthwith notify, in writing, the several owners or occupants of the lots or premises in front of and ad- joining to which such sidewalk or any portion thereof shall be by delivering said written notice to said owner or occupant per- sonally, or by leaving the same at his, or her or their usual place of residence, or if their be no occupant, and the owner thereof does not reside in said city, then by posting up such written no- tice in some conspicuous place on such lot or premises, and upon such notice being given, such several owners or occupant, shall within such time as the common council shall direct, which time shall be specified in said notice, renew the portion of such sidewalk which is in front of and adjoining his, her or their lots or premises in the manner, at the grade, of the material and of the width so established and prescribed by said common coun- cil, and to the acceptance of the chairman of the sidewalk com- mittee or other person designated by the common council, and o revised ordinances of the taxes; and it shall be the duty of the treasurer upon receiving such tax roll to proceed and collect the taxes therein mentioned with all reasonable diligence. if any such sums in such tax roll mentioned shall remain unpaid,and the treasurer shall not be able to collect the same within the time limited by such warrant or any renewal thereof, it shall be his duty and he is hereby authorized to make out and publish in some newspaper published in said city, at least once in each week for five successive weeks, notice, that unless the said sums with costs and charges thereon, shall be paid and satisfied before such sale, the premises described rn such notice, and each separate parcel thereof, will, at the court house in said city, on some day not less than five weeks or more than seven weeks from the first publication of such notice, be sold or leased for the shortest term of years at which any person will offer to take the same in consideration of advancing the sum or sums which were so assessed or taxed upon said land by the common council, together with the interest and all the costs and charges thereon, including the costs of such notice and all pro- ceedings relating to such sale and of making the return and re- cord thereof. if at the time mentioned in such notice the owner or occupant, or person or persons liable to pay such tax, shall have neglected or refused to pay any such tax with the costs and charges thereon, the treasurer shall add to the amount of the tax, interest and costs then made upon each separate parcel of land the sum of two dollars for the expenses of making such sale, and the return and record thereof, and of making the cer- tificates to the purchaser on such sale, and the treasurer shall, at the time and place mentioned in such notice, commence the sale of such lands and continue the same from day to day, sundays excepted, until the same shall be sold or leased for a term of years for the purpose and in the manner above mentioned. but each lot or parcel of a lot owned by any one person or set of persons, and assessed separately, shall be sold by itself, and if any person or persons bidding at such sale shall fail to pay the amount of his or their respective bids on request or agreeably to any notice given by the treasurer in such sale, it shall be his duty city of ann arbor. forthwith to resell the land so remaining unpaid for—and no person having failed to pay his previous bids on request shall be entitled to have his bids received at such sale. the treasurer shall, at the close of the sale, report to the common council the terms upon which each lot or parcel of land was sold, the amount bid therefor, the name and residence of the purchaser and the length of the term for which each lot or parcel was sold' and the recorder shall make and keep a record of such sale, and any person claiming any interest in the premises as sold, may re- deem any lot or parcel of land sold separately within one year from the time of such sale by paying the amount for which the same was sold, with interest at the rate of fifteen per cent, per annum, to the treasurer and taking duplicate receipts therefor and delivering the same to the recorder, who shall retain one and enter the redemption of the lands therein described upon the record of such sale, and shall countersign the other and deliver the same to the person so redeeming. upon any such sale the treasurer shall give to the purchasers upon the payment of their bids a certificate in writing, duly numbered, describing the lands purchased, the amount paid therefor, and the length of time for which the land was sold, and the time when the purchaser will be entitled to a lease of the premises unless sooner redeemed, and when the land so sold shall be redeemed, the treasurer, upon the presentation of such certificate of purchase, shall pay to the purchaser or his executors, administrators or assigns the amount received by him upon the redemption of such lands, and take the proper receipts therefor, and if any land so sold shall not have been redeemed within the time above provided for the re- demption thereof, and it shall not appear that such land was im- properly sold, on the presentation of such certificate of purchase to the recorder he shall prepare and deliver to such purchaser, his heirs or assigns, on the payment by the lessee of the expense of such lease not exceeding one dollar, a lease of the premises so sold (in such form as the common council may prescribe,) giving the purchaser or his heirs or assigns the use of the property so purchased by him for the time for which the same was sold, com- revised ordinances of th e puting from the expiration of the time for redemption above provided, which lease shall be under seal and signed by the mayor and countersigned by the recorder, and shall entitle the lessee and his heirs and assigns to the use of the land therein de- scribed during the term therein mentioned, subject to all taxes legally assessed or to be assessed on such land. sec. . an ordinance entitled "an ordinance relative to repairing and renewing of sidewalks," made and passed in common council, may th, , and an ordinance amendatory thereof, made and passed in common council november th, , are hereby repealed, but such repeal shall not affect any act done, or proceedings commenced under either of the ordinances so re- pealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after its passage. chapter iii. an ordinance relative to improving sidewalks. [passed march d, .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . that whenever, upon application in writing, of two-thirds of all the resident owners or occupants of real estate, subject to pay the tax for improving such sidewalks, the common council shall deem it proper to order the grading and planking, or making of any sidewalks in said city, such sidewalks shall be graded and planked, or constructed and made in such a manner, and of such materials, and of such width, as the common coun- cil shall upon such application direct, and under the superin- tendence of the street commissioner and such other officer as the common council shall appoint and direct, and under the direc- tion of the common council; and the expenses of grading, planking or making such sidewalks (excepting the cross-walks over the parts of streets between the sidewalks) shall be assessed city of ann arbor. ■ against the owners or occupants of the lots or portions of lots or premises which are in front of or adjoining such sidewalk, and the cross-walks or parts of such sidewalks crossing that part of any street lying between the sidewalks thereof, shall be con- structed under the direction of the common council, by general tax.* sec. . when the common council shall have ordered any sidewalk to be graded and planked, or otherwise improved, the street commissioner and supervisor, or such other officer as the common council may appoint, shall ascertain as near as may be the expense of making such grading and planking or making, and shall make out and present to the common council a written report or assessment roll, stating the names of the owners or oc- cupants of the lots or premises in front of or adjacent to such sidewalk which may be directed to be graded and planked or otherwise improved, describing with reasonable certainty each lot or portion of a lot owned or occupied by one person or com- pany of persons, and also the names, of such owner or occupant, or several owners or occupants, if they can be ascertained, and shall therein designate who of said owners or occupants are resi- dents of said city, and who are non-residents of said city, and shall also state the number of rods or feet and inches in length to be planked or otherwise improved in front of or adjacent to the lot or premises owned or occupied by each person, and the sum of money which each person or set ot persons shall be as- sessed at, and pay for such grading, planking or improvement in proportion to the whole length of such sidewalks in front of or adjacent to the lot or portion of a lot owned or occupied by each separate person or set of persons, including with and add- ing to the length of the front of a lot or portion of a lot situated upon the corner of any block or at the intersections of any streets, the width of the sidewalk adjoining such corner or lot, and intersecting the sidewalk to be graded and planked or im- proved, unless such intersecting sidewalk shall have been graded and planked. ♦as amended by ordinance passed august d, . revised ordinances of the sec. . the common council shall examine such report or assessment roll, and make such alterations and amendments therein as they may deem necessary or proper; and upon the approval of such report or assessment roll by the common council, the recorder shall make out a notice directed to the several persons in such report named and proposed to be as- sessed, notifying them that they are about to be assessed to de- fray the expenses of grading and planking and otherwise im- proving the sidewalk in front of or adjacent to certain premises owned or occupied by them in said city, and that a report and assessment roll made out in the premises, is on file in the office of the recorder, for inspection; and further notifying them when and where the common council will meet and review such asess- ment roll, on the request of any person considering himself ag- grieved—which notice shall also set forth with reasonable cer- tainty the place where such sidewalk is to be made, and the kind of sidewalk to be made, and that the party is allowed thirty days within which to make such grading and sidewalk, under the su- perintendence of the street commissioner and such other officer (naming him) as the common council may have designated for that purpose, and that if the same shall within that time have been so constructed to the satisfaction of such superintendents, no expense of proceedings to collect the same against the per- sons so constructing shall be incurred by them—which notice shall be published at least once each week for two successive weeks in some public newspaper published in said city; and in addition to such publication the marshal shall cause a copy of such notice to be served upon all the persons therein named who are residents of said city, and upon the agents residing in said city who are known, of all non-resident owners therein named, by delivering the same to them or leaving such copy at their sev- eral places of abode or business in said city: and the marshal shall return, under his oath of office, or the affidavit of the person serving the same, the time and manner of serving such notice; and at the expiration of thirty days after such publication and service, the street commissioner, or other officer appointed to revised ordinances of the notice, and each separate parcel thereof, will, at the court house in said city, on some day not less than five weeks nor more than seven weeks from the first publication of such notice, be sold or leased for the shortest term of years at which any person will offer to take the same in consideration of advancing the sum or sums which were so assessed or taxed upon said land by the com- mon council, together with the interest and all the costs and charges thereon, including the cost of such notice and of .ill proceedings relating to such sale, and of making the return and record thereof. if at the time mentioned in said notice, the owner or occupant, or person or persons liable to pay such tax, shall have neglected or refused to pay any such tax, with the costs and charges thereon, the treasurer shall idd to the amount of the tax, interest and costs then made upon each separate parcel of land, the sum of one dollar for the expenses of making such sale, and the return and record thereof, and of making the cer- tificate to the purchasers upon such sale; and the treasurer shall, at the time and place mentioned in said notice, commence the sale of such lands and continue the same from day to day (sun- days excepted) until the same shall be sold for a term of years' for the purpose and in the manner above mentioned—but each lot or parcel of a lot owned by any one person or set of persons and assessed separately shall be sold by itself—and if any person or persons bidding at such sale shall fail to pay the amount of his or their respective bids on request, or agreeably to any notice given'by the treasurer on such sale, it shall be the duty of the treasurer forthwith to re-sell the lands so remaining unpaid for— and no person having failed to pay his previous bids on request, shall be entitled to have his bids received at such sale. the treasurer shall at the close of the sale, report to the common council the terms upon which each lot or parcel of land was sold, the amount bid therefor, the name and residence of the purchaser, and the length of the term for which each lot or par- cel was sold—and the recorder shall make and keep a record of such sale, and any person claiming any interest in the premises as sold, may redeem any lot or parcel of land sold separately, city of ann arbor. within one year from the time of such sale, by paying the amount for which the same was sold, with interest at the rate of fifteen per cent, per annum to the treasurer, and taking duplicate receipts therefor, and delivering the same to the recorder, who shall retain one, and enter the redemption of the lands therein described upon the record of such sale, and shall countersign the other and deliver the same to the person so redeeming. upon such sale the treasurer shall give to the purchasers, upon the payment of their bids, a certificate in writing, duly num- bered describing the lands purchased, the amount paid therefor, and the length of time for which the land was sold, and the time when the purchaser will be entitled to a lease of the premises; unless sooner redeemed; and when any land so sold shall be re- deemed, the treasurer, upon the presentation of such certificate of purchase, shall pay to the purchaser or his executors, adminis- trators or assigns, the amount received by him upon the redemp- tion of such lands, and take the proper receipt therefor; and if any lands so sold shall not have been redeemed within the time above provided for the redemption thereof, and it shall not ap- pear that such land was improperly sold, on the presentation of such certificate of purchase to the recorder, he shall prepare and deliver to such purchaser, his heirs or assigns, upon the payment by the lessee of the expense of such lease, not exceeding fifty cents, a lease of the premises so sold (in such form as the com- mon council may prescribe) giving the purchaser or his heirs or assigns the use of the property so purchased by him for the time for which the same was sold, computing from the expiration of the time for redemption above provided; which lease shall be under seal, and signed by the mayor and countersigned by the recorder, and shall entitle the lessee and his heirs and assigns to the use of the land therein described, duiing the time therein mentioned, subject to all taxes legally assessed or to be assessed on such land. revised ordinances of the chapter iv. an ordinance to prevent obstructing streets. [passed june th, .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder aud aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . that it shall not be lawful for any person to leave any horse cart, wagon carriage, sleigh, or other vehicle whatever, standing in any street within said city of ann arbor, so as to obstruct the free passage of said street; nor shall any person run or race any horse, or drive any horse or horses, or any carriage or vehicle at a faster rate than six miles per hour in any of the streets of said city. any person offending against any of the provisions of this ordinance shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not exceeding fifty dollars for each offense or in default thereof, be imprisoned in the county jail not exceeding thirty days. chapter v. an ordinance relative to sidewalks and crosswalks. [passed january d, .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . no person shall permit any snow or ice to re- main on the sidewalk in front of any house, building or lot oc- cupied by him or her, or on the sidewalk in front of any unoc- cupied house, building or lot owned by him or her, within said city, longer than twenty-four hours after the same has fallen or formed; and where ice is formed on any sidewalk, such owner or occupant as above provided, shall within four hours after the same has formed, cause salt, sand or ashes to be strewn thereon. sec. . no person shall halt any horse, wagon, cart, car- riage, sleigh or other vehicle on any crosswalk or footing within the limits of said city of ann arbor. city of ann arbor. sec. . any violation of or failure to comply with the pro- visions of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine not less than five dollars nor to exceed fifty dollars and costs, to be recovered before any justice of the peace of said city, and in the imposi- tion of any such fine and costs, the said justice of the peace may make a further sentence that in default in the payment thereof within the time fixed in such sentence the offender be committed to the detroit house of correction or the washtenaw county jail for a period of time not exceeding ninety days. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after its passage. chapter vl an ordinance authorizing the regents of the university of michigan to lay water pipes or mains in the streets, lanes and alleys. [passed march th, .] whereas, the regents of the university of michigan have made application, by resolution, addressed to the common coun- cil of the city of ann arbor for the privilege of laying down in the streets of said city water pipes, for the purpose of supply- ing said university with water; and whereas, it is by said coun- cil, after due consideration of such application, deemed expedi- ent, rightful and proper to grant such privilege, under such rea- sonable reservations and restrictions as are hereinafter men- tioned, therefore be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, in common council ass mbled— that the regents of the university of michigan be, and they are hereby authorized to lay down in, along and across the public streets, lanes and alleys of said city, all such water pipes or mains as may be necessary to ,properly supply the buildings and grounds belonging or appertaining to said university with water for protection against fire and for general use, and for that revised ordinances of the purpose to dig, trench and excavate in, along and across such public streets, lanes and alleys: provided, and this grant of au- thority is made, and is to be accepted, held and used only upon condition that the said regents shall not unnecessarily, or un- reasonably obstruct or injure any street, sidewalk, crosswalk, lane or alley in trenching, digging or excavating for the purpose of laying water pipes or mains, and shall with reasonable dili- gence and at their own charges, restore all such streets, side- walks, crosswalks, lanes and alleys, to as good a state of repair and condition as the same were in before disturbed by them, and shall at all times and in all respects fully indemnify and save harmless the city of ann arbor from and against all damages or costs which said city may incur or sustain by reason of any such trenching, digging or excavating. chapter vii. an ordinance relative to removing encroachments upon streets, alleys and sidewalks. [passed august d, .j be it ordained by the mayor, recorder aud aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . that it shall be unlawful for any person or per- sons hereafter to erect, build, construct, continue or maintain any stairs or stairway, or other structure which shall have its foundation upon any sidewalk in said city, or shall in anywise or to any extent encroach upon any public street) alley or sidewalk in said city. sec. . that when it shall be represented or made to ap- pear to the common council that any of the foregoing provisions are being violated by any person or persons in any part of said city, it shall be the duty of the marshal, under the direction of said common council, to serve a notice in writing upon the owner or occupants of the building with which such stairs or city of ann arbor. * stairway or other structure are connected, to remove such stairs or stairway or other structure within ten days after service of said notice, and if not removed in said time it shall be the duty of the marshal to remove the same forthwith, and dispose of the material composing such stairs or stairway or structure as is pro- vided in an ordinance entitled "an ordinance relative to side- walks." sec. . that in case said common council shall be of the opinion that the safety or convenience of the public requires the immediate removal of any such encroachment, said council may by resolution direct the marshal to proceed forthwith, and with- out notice, to remove the same, and it shall be the duty of the marshal thereupon to make such immediate removal, and he shall dispose of the material as is provided in section seven of an or- dinance entitled " an ordinance relative to sidewalks." sec. . this ordinance shall take immediate effect from and after its passage. chapter viii. an ordinance for the protection of bridges and streets. [passed dec. th, .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . that there may be put up and continued in a conspicuous place, at each end of any bridge within the corporate limits of the city of ann arbor, maintained at public charge, and of which the chord shall not be less than twenty-five feet, a notice with the following words in large characters: "one dol- lar fine for riding or driving on this bridge faster than a walk," and in case such bridge shall be over one hundred feet in length, or shall have a draw or turn table therein, for the purpose of opening the same, such notice may be, "five dollars fine for riding or driving on this bridge faster than a walk, or for driving on more than ten head of cattle at'a time." city of ann arbor. ing five dollars for each offense, and costs of prosecution, on conviction before any justice of the peace of said city, and on default of payment shall be committed to the common jail of said county for a period not exceeding ten days. sec. . an ordinance entitled "an ordinance for the protection of bridges and streets" made and passed in common council december th, , and an ordinance entitled "an ordinance for the protection of bridges" made and passed in common council january th, , are hereby repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after legal publication. chapter ix. an ordinance relative to grading and paving streets, lanes and alleys. [passed april th .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . whenever any of the streets, lanes and alleys of said city are graded or paved, it shall be with such materials as the common council of said city may direct. sec. . whenever the common council of said city shall by resolution order any street, lane or alley to be graded or paved within the limits specified in any application made in writing of two-thirds of all the resident owners or occupants of the real estate which may be subject to pay the tax for such grad- ing or paving, the funds necessary for defraying the expenses thereof shall be provided by causing an assessment to be made, by such person as the common council shall by resolution desig- nate, on the lot, parts of lot or parcel of real estate directly fronting on that part of the street, lane or alley directed to be graded or paved, ratably as hereinafter provided, according to their extent of front on said street, lane or alley. the word "front" as used in this ordinance shall be construed to mean city of ann arbor. money which such person or set of persons shall be assessed for said grading or paving, and also ten cents for each description to defray the expense of making such assessment, which said assess- ment roll shall be signed by the person making the same, and be presented to said common council within such time as the com- mon council may direct. sec. . whenever all the proceedings directed in sections two, three and four of this ordinance to be performed shall have been completed, except "having made the apportionment as hereinafter provided," and entering upon the assessment rolls "the sum of money which such person or set of persons shall be assessed for said grading or paving, and also ten cents for each description to defray the expense of making such assessment," and before "said assessment roll shall be signed by the person making the same, and be presented to said common council," as provided in said section four, the common council shall by reso- lution direct the recorder to give notice by advertising in one or more newspapers published in said city, at least once in each week for two successive weeks, that sealed proposals will be re- ceived at his office during the time therein specified, for grading or paving such street, lane or alley, and furnishing materials therefor, including curbing, if any shall be required. such notice shall state the points or termini between which such grad- ing or paving is to be done, and that the same will be made ac- cording to the specifications in the hands of the recorder: pro- vided, that such specifications shall be made by some person duly authorized by resolution of said common council and be submitted to and be adopted by said common council at or be- fore the meeting at which the recorder shall be directed to adver- tise as aforesaid. the proposals shall state the price per yard or foot for furnishing all materials and grading, the price per yard or foot for furnishing all materials for curbing and placing it, the price per square yard or foot for furnishing all materials and paving such street, lane or alley in pursuance of such speci- fications, and the time within which such grading, curbing or paving shall be completed, and shall also state the name of some responsible person or persons as sureties therefor. revised ordinances of the sec. . the recorder shall deliver such sealed proposals to the common council at its first meeting after the time for receiv- ing such proposals shall have expired, and it shall then open and determine which, if any of them, it will accept, unless the open- ing or determination thereof shall be postponed not to exceed thirty days, and after having accepted a proposal said common council may direct the recorder or other proper officer to prepare a written contract with the person or persons whose proposal shall have been accepted, with one or more sufficient sureties for the faithful performance thereof on the part of the person or per- sons making such contract, and said contract shall especially provide that said grading or paving shall be performed under the supervision of the street committee and to the satisfaction of the common council and to be approved by it, and so that the sur- face of said street within the limits ordered to be graded or paved shall, when finished, agree and conform to the respective lines of grade established for said street by the common council, which contract shall be submitted to the common council at its next meeting, and shall, if approved, be a valid and binding contract, and if disapproved, it shall be void and of no effect whatever. sec. . whenever the common council shall approve such contract the person designated in section two of this ordinance to make the assessment roll shall immediately complete said roll by computing the entire cost of the grading or paving of said street, lane or alley, including the spaces caused by the intersec- tion of cross streets, lanes or alleys, within said local assessment or taxing district, according to the conditions of said contract, and shall make an apportionment thereof, of the amount which each lot, part of lot, or portion of real estate fronting upon said street, lane or alley ordered to be graded or paved as aforesaid, shall be liable to pay for such grading or paving, ratably, accord- ing to the extent of front of each of such lot, part of lot, or portion of real estate within such assessment or taxing district, and shall state the sum apportioned to each respectively, and in all respects complete said roll as provided in sections two, three and four of this ordinance. « revised ordinances of the sec. . at the time of such delivery of said assessment roll to the treasurer, the recorder shall attach a warrant thereto under the hands of the mayor and recorder, and the seal of said city, commanding him to collect from the several persons named in said roll the several sums mentioned opposite their respective names in the same manner as is provided for the collection of state, county and township taxes, and with three per cent, charges, and make returns to the common council of his doings thereon within forty days: provided, that immediately upon the receipt of said roll, such treasurer shall give notice by publi- cation at least one week in all the newspapers published in said city, that such assessment roll has been delivered to him, and that the taxes therein assessed can be paid to him at his office, in said city, at any time within fifteen days after the publication of such notice, without any charge or percentage for the collection thereof, and he shall cause affidavits of such publication to be filed in the office of the recorder. by virtue of said warrant such treasurer shall have the same power to levy and collect the said several sums of money by distress and sale of goods and chattels which township treasurers have under the laws to collect state, county and township taxes. it shall be the duty of the treasurer upon the receipt of such warrant with the assessment roll attached, to collect the taxes therein mentioned, as herein specified, with all reasonable diligence. if any such sums in such assessment roll shall remain unpaid and the treasurer shall not be able to collect the same within the time limited by such warrant, the same proceedings shall be had in every respect for the sale or leasing of the lands described in said assessnent for the non-payment of the tax thereon, as is provided by section two of an ordinance of the city of ann arbor, being " an ordi- nance relative to repairing and renewing sidewalks," made and passed in common council the fourth day of may, a. d. , in relation to the sale or leasing of lands for the non-payment of taxes therein mentioned, and the said lands may be redeemed in the same time, and shall bear the same rate of interest as in said section two provided, and in case of failure to redeem, the same o revised ordinances of the other person interested in the premises, within the limits herein- after mentioned: you are hereby notified that assessments are about to be made upon you to defray the expense of (grading or paving) in front of, or adjacent to certain premises owned or occupied by you, respectively, on street, between , in the city of ann arbor, state of michigan; and also that a report of assess- ment roll has been made in the premises, which is on file in the office of the recorder of said city, where it will remain open for your inspection until the day of , a. d. —, when the common council will meet and review said roll, and you may appear and show cause before said council at its usual place of meeting in said city, on said day last mentioned, why the said assessment should not be made and collected according to law. by order of the common council. recorder. dated at the city of ann arbor, this day of , a. d. —. (after the time mentioned in the notice, and on filing an affidavit thereof, let a resolution of the following form be en- tered on the journal :) whereas, it appears by affidavit on file, that due notice has been given to the owners and occupants of premises fronting on street, between , in the city of ann arbor, that the common council would on the day of , a. d. —, meet and review the report or assessment roll filed by the recor- der on the day of , a. d. —, for the purpose of in front of said premises; and whereas, no person has ap- peared before the common council to object to said assessment or the confirmation thereof (if there be any objection say after the word whereas—all objections thereto have been duly con- sidered,) therefore, resolved, that said assessment roll is hereby approved and confirmed, that the description of premises, and the names of persons contained therein are received as correct, and that the sums which the said assessment roll states to be correct ones city of ann arbor. which each individual or set of individuals should be assessed at and pay, be the assessment and be collected from the respective persons liable to pay the same according to law, and be a lien upon said separately described portions of real estate. (then let the recorder endorse on the roll the words "ap- proved and confirmed by the common council this day of , a. d. —.") sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. revised ordinances of the title ii. of the fire department. chapter x. an ordinance relative to the fire department of the city of ann arbor. [passed june , s .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor. section . the fire department of the city of ann arbor shall consist of a chief engineer, two assistant engineers, two fire wardens in each ward, and so many fire engine, hook and ladder, hose and bucket companies as the common council shall from time to time direct. the chief and assistant engineers and fire wardens shall be appointed by the common council annually in the month of may, or as soon thereafter as may be, and shall hold their offices until the first day of may next ensuing their election, and until their successors are appointed. sec. . the chief engineer shall have full power, control and command over all persons whatever, at any fire, except mem- bers of the common council; and in his absence the assistant engineers shall perform his duties. in the absence of the chief and assistant engineers from any fire, the mayor, and in his ab- sence, the recorder shall discharge the duties of chief engineer until the proper officer shall arrive and assume the command. sec. . it shall be the duty of the chief engineer at all fires, to direct such measures as he may deem most proper for the speedy extinguishment of the fire. he shall also have the general supervision of the fire engines and other apparatus and property belonging to the fire department, and shall from time city of ann arbor. to time ascertain and report to the common council the repairs necessary to be made to keep the engines, hose, apparatus and property of the fire department in good repair and serviceable order. he shall also, as often as once in six months, report to the common council all accidents by fire that may happen in the city, with the cause thereof as near as can be ascertained, with the number and description of buildings destroyed or injured, and the names of the owners or occupants thereof, and the esti- mated loss of property at each fire. sec. . at every fire, each fire warden shall report himself to the chief engineer or other officer in command, and shall be subject to his orders. it shall be the duty of the fire wardens at every fire to protect the hose, buckets and other property of the fire department from injury; to keep all idle and suspected per- sons from the fire and its vicinity; to form lines for the convey- ance of water to the engines, and for that purpose they shall have authority to command all persons present to form lines or otherwise aid in supplying the engine with water; and if any person shall refuse to obey such order of the wardens, he may be immediately expelled from the vicinity of the fire. sec. . any person who shall at any fire wilfully resist, hinder or obstruct any officer or other person in the discharge of his duty at such fire, or who shall wilfully injure any hose or apparatus belonging to the fire department, may be arrested and detained in custody by any fire warden until such fire is extin- guished; and such person shall for every offense, forfeit and pay a fine of ten dollars, and be liable to an action for the re- covery of damages. sec. . the aldermen of said city shall ex-officio be fire wardens, and any member of the common council may, at all fires, exercise the same power and authority as is conferred upon the fire wardens by sections four and five of this ordi- nance. sec. . the officers of any fire or hose company author- ized by the common council shall consist of a foreman, a first and second assistant foreman, four wardens, a secretary, treas- revised ordinances of the urer and steward, and not less than fifty or more than eighty men, and such other officers as the members thereof may see fit to elect. the members of said company shall elect their own officers at such time and in such manner as they shall think proper. they may adopt a constitution and pass by-laws for the government of the company, subject to the approval of the common council, and may impose and collect such fines for the non attendance or neglect of duty of any member of the com- pany as they may deem necessary and proper. sec. . it shall be the duty of every member of any fire company which is or may be formed in said city, upon the breaking out of any fire in said city, to repair immediately upon the alarm thereof to their respective fire apparatus, and convey the same to the place where such fire shall happen, and under the direction of the chief engineer and their several officers to work and manage their engines and apparatus belonging thereto, for the extinguishment of the fire, and not remove therefrom but by the direction of the chief engineer, or other officer author- ized to direct them, which direction being obtained they shall return with their engines and implements to their several places of deposit, and as soon thereafter as may be, wash and clean the same. sec. . it shall be the duty of the foreman of every com- pany belonging to the fire department to return to the common council the names of all the persons composing such company, stating the times when they severally became such members; and when any person shall for any reason have ceased to be a member, the foreman shall certify that fact to the common council, and any person whose name shall be returned by the foreman as a member of any company may apply to the recorder annually and obtain a certificate of his membership, which shall for one year thereafter be prima facie evidence of his member- ship, and shall exempt him from service on juries, from mili- tary duty in time of peace, and from the payment of a poll tax. sec. . it shall be lawful for the chief engineer, or assist- city of ann arbor. ant engineers, or the foreman or assistant foreman, or any fire warden or member of the common council to require the aid of any inhabitant of said city in drawing any fire engine or other apparatus of the fire department to any fire, or to require the aid of any by stander at the fire to work any engine or apparatus at the same, and on neglect or refusal to comply with such requisition, without sufficient excuse, such person may be forthwith removed from the vicinity of the fire, or he may be arrested and detained in custody until the fire shall be extin- guished, and shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding ten dollars. sec. . the marshal, deputy marshal, and every consta- ble in said city shall repair immediately on the alarm of fire to the place where such fire may be, and report himself to any member of the common council, and aid and assist as well in extinguishing the fire as in preventing any goods or property from being stolen or injured, and in protecting, removing, and securing the same; they shall also aid in the preservation of the public peace, and the arrest or removal of all idle and sus- pected persons; and if the marshal or any constable shall neg- lect or refuse to obey any lawful order of any member of the common council, or the chief engineer or any other officer au- thorized to direct at any fire, he shall pay a fine not exceeding twenty dollars. sec. . any hook and ladder company, or any persons present at a fire shall, under the direction of the chief engineer and two members of the common council, or in the absence of the chief engineer, then under the direction of the assistant engineers and two members of the common council, or in the absence of the chief and assistant engineers, then under the direction of three members of the common council and of the foreman of a fire company, cut or pull down and remove any building, fence or other erection, for the purpose of checking the progress of the fire. revised ordinances of the chapter xi. an ordinance relative to the prevention of fires. [passed june , .] be it ordnlncd by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . that the fire wardens of the respective wards shall examine into and correct any infraction of the ordinances made for the protection of the city from fires in their respective wards particularly, and the city generally, and shall make re- ports to the common council respecting danger from exposure to fires, on the first mondays in june and december in each year; and any neglect of such duty shall subject the fire warden to a fine of five dollars, and to removal from office. sec. . it shall be the duty of the fire wardens or any two of them, twice in each year, in the months of may and novem- ber, and as much oftener as they may deem proper, between sunrise and sunset, to enter into any house or building, yard or premises in the city and examine the fire places, chimneys, stoves and pipes thereto, and other apparatus likely to cause fires; also places where ashes, hay, straw, shavings or other combustible materials may be lodged, and to give such directions in regard thereto to the owner or occupant of such premises either for the removal, alteration or better care and management thereof as they may deem necessary to protect the city from fire; and such direction shall be complied with by the person or persons to whom they shall be given, and at the expense of such owner or occupant. sec. . the said wardens shall have authority to cause chimneys to be burned out or otherwise cleaned, whenever they shall think it necessary—to require chimneys in blacksmiths' shops and furnaces to be so constructed or altered as to pre- vent sparks from exposing buildings to fire, and to remove or abate, with the consent of the mayor, recorder, or any alder- man, (if the owner or occupant shall neglect to do so,) any revised ordinances of the ceeding two hundred pounds weight, at any one place in said city, with such protection against fire as they shall think proper. sec. . no person shall fire or set off any squib, cracker, gunpowder or fire works, or fire any gun or other species of fire-arms, except cannon, within the limits of this city, unless by the written permission of the mayor or two aldermen; which permission, shall limit the time of such firing, and shall be sub- ject to be revoked at any time by the common council. and any person violating any provisions of this section shall forfeit and pay a penalty not exceeding five dollars for each offense.* sec. . every person who shall fire a cannon within the limits of said city of ann arbor, and every person who shall aid or assist in the firing or causing to be fired any cannon within said limits, and every person accessory before the fact to the firing of any cannon within said limits, shall forfeit and pay a fine of one hundred dollars or be imprisoned in the common jail of the county of washtenaw for the term of thirty days, or shall be punished by both fine and imprisonment; and in case of prose- cution under this section, half of the fine collected of any such person shall be paid to the informer who shall make complaint and institute such prosecution.f sec. . it shall not be lawful for any person hereafter, without permission of the common council, to erect or place any building or part of a building or any part of a block fronting or cornering on the court house square, nor on any lot fronting on main street, or detroit street between north street and the mich- igan central railroad in this city, unless such building or part of a building shall be constructed of stone or brick with party or fire walls of the same material rising at least ten inches above the roof, if the same be covered with metal or slate, and if cov- ered with wood, then at least two feet: provided, that nothing contained in this section shall be construed as prohibiting the erection within the limits aforesaid, of any building of wood which shall not be more than eight feet square, nor of any wood *as amended july , i . |as amended july a, i . city of ann arbor. house for keeping and storing wood which shall not exceed twenty feet in length, twelve feet in height, and twelve feet in width, nor of any barn which shall exceed twenty-four feet in length, sixteen feet in width, and twelve feet in height from the common surface of the ground to the top of the plates, with roofs not to exceed one-quarter pitch, but such small building, wood-house, or barn shall not be made to front on any street nor be less than thirty feet from the line thereof except with the con- sent of the council (nor shall more than one such wood-house or barn be allowed without such consent on any one lot or premises occupied as one tenement). no barn, privy, hog-pen, slaugh- ter-house, or any other building which shall be used or occupied for any purpose liable to prove detrimental to the public health, or a nuisance to the adjoining occupant or to the public shall be built fronting on any of the public streets of said city, nor within thirty feet from the line thereof.* sec. . if any person shall erect or put up any building within the limits specified in section nine of this ordinance con- trary to the provisions thereof, the owner or owners, builder or builders thereof shall severally forfeit and pay a penalty not exceeding fifty dollars for each offense, and also a penalty of twenty dollars for each and every week such building shall re- main after notice from any member of the common council or fire warden to remove or alter the same. sec. n.f chapter xii. an ordinance supplementary an ordinance relative to the prevention of fires. [passed november , ] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . that all the provisions of sections nine and ten of an ordinance entitled, "an ordinance relative to the * as amended oct. , . t repealed july , . city of ann arbor. title iii. of pounds. chapter xv. an ordinance relative to pounds and to prevent cattle running at large. [passed june , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor. section . the common council of the city of ann arbor shall, as soon as practicable, provide two suitable pounds, one to be located north of huron river, to be styled "north pound;" the other south of huron river to be styled "south pound;" and shall appoint a pound-keeper for each pound, who shall hold the office until another is appointed in his place. sec. . it shall be the duty of each pound-keeper to re- ceive from any person, whose duty it is by this ordinance to drive the same, all animals so driven to the pound under his charge, to pay for driving, to safely keep, care for, and feed, to deliver to the owner upon receiving his fees with all expenses, and to give notice and sell the same if not taken away in accordance with this ordinance; he shall keep an account of all sales with a de- scription of the animals sold, the amount for which it was sold, with the name of the purchaser, the cost and charges against such, crediting the balance to the city, and if paid to the owner state to whom and take his receipt therefor; he shall file a copy of such record with his account and receipt and the city treasur- er's receipt with the recorder between the first and fifteenth day of march in each year, immediately preceding which he shall pay to the city treasurer all balances in his hands. revised ordinances of the sec. . it shall be unlawful for any horse, mare, mule, colt, bull, ox, steer, cow, calf, hog, shoat, pig, sheep, goose or duck, to go at large within the limits of the city of ann arbor, and it shall be lawful for any person, and it shall be the duty of the marshal and each of his deputies of said city, to drive the same to pound or cause the same to be so driven, and for driving the same to pound, as aforesaid, the marshal, or any person so driving, shall be entitled to receive two dollars for each horse, mare, mule, colt, bull, ox, steer, cow, calf, hog, or shoat, and five cents for each sucking pig, sheep, goose or duck.* sec. . the pound-keeper shall be entitled to the same fees for receiving that the driver is for driving each animal, to- gether with reasonable charges for keeping and feeding, not ex- ceeding twenty-five cents per day, which shall be paid him by the owner thereof or by some other person, before such animal shall be released from the pound, and if the owner shall not pay the fees for driving, impounding, and all reasonable charges within forty-eight hours after the same is impounded, then the pound- keeper shall sell such animals at public vendue, at the pound, giving three days' notice thereof by advertisements posted at the pound, at the nearest public house, and at the postoffice in said city, -except the geese and ducks, which may be sold after forty- eight hours' detention without notice, two or more bidders being present; the pound-keeper shall be entitled to receive out of proceeds of the sale fifty cents for advertising each lot of animals and five per cent, on amount of sale for selling, he shall return the surplus to the owner of such animal, provided it shall be de- manded previous to its being paid to the city treasurer. sec. . it shall be the duty of the marshal, and each of his deputies, to carry the provisions of this ordinance into effect, and upon complaint, before any justice of the peace in said city, of a neglect or failure, after due notice, to drive or cause to be driven to the pound, any horse, mare mule, colt, bull, ox, steer, cow, calf, hog, shoat, pig, sheep, goose, or duck found running at large in said city, with proper proof thereof, he shall, on con- * as amended april . s . city of ann arbor. viction, be sentenced to a fine of not less than one dollar nor more than five dollars, together with cost of prosecution. sec. . if either of the pound-keepers shall refuse to re- ceive any animals driven to the pound, in accordance with this ordinance, or shall wilfully neglect any other duty hereby pre- scribed, he shall, upon conviction, pay a fine of one dollar and costs of prosecution, and if he shall neglect to render a correct account and to pay over whatever balance there may be in his hands, according to section two, he shall, upon complaint and conviction before any justice of the peace in said city, pay a fine of not less than ten dollars, together with the amount of all moneys ascertained to be in his hands, and costs of prosecution. sec. . if any person shall wilfully break or attempt to break either of the pounds in said city, or rescue or attempt to rescue any animal confined therein, or while being driven there- to, or attempt to prevent the same from being retaken, provided it shall have escaped, he shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not exeeding fifty dollars and costs of prosecution, or imprison- ed te.n days and costs of prosecution, or both, according to discretion of the court. an ordinance entitled " an ordinance to prevent hogs run- ning at large," an ordinance relative to cattle running at large, an ordinance relative to hogs and cattle running at large, an or- dinance amendatory of the same, and all other ordinances incon- sistent with the provisions of this ordinance are hereby repealed. chapter xvi. an ordinance to amend an ordinance relative to pounds and impounding cattle. [passed june , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann ar- bor, thai the " ordinance relative to pounds and impounding cattle," is hereby amended as follows: section .* sec. . when any cow or other animal shall have entered ♦repealed october , s . city of ann arbor. » chapter xix. an ordinance to abate and remove nuisances and pre- serve health. [passed march , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section i. that no person shall by himself or by another throw, place, deposit, or leave, in or upon any street, highway, lane, alley, sidewalk, public space or square within the limits of the city of ann arbor, any animal or vegetable substance, dead animal, fish, shells, shavings, dirt, rubbish, excrement, filth, or- dure, slops, unclean or nauseous water or liquor, hay, straw, ashes, cinders, soot, offal, garbage, swill, or any other article or substance whatever which may cause any noisome, offensive or unwholesome smell; and in case any such animal or vegetable substance, dead animal, fish, shells, shavings, dirt, rubbish, excre- ment, filth, ordure, hay, straw, ashes, cinders, soot, offal, garbage, swill or any other article or substance whatever which may cause any noisome, offensive or unwholesome smell shall be found in or upon any such street, highway, lane, alley, sidewalk, public space or square, it shall be the duty of the owner or occupant of the lot or premises in front of which such animal or vegetable substance, dead animal, fish, shells, shavings, dirt, rubbish, ex- crement, filth, ordure, hay, straw, ashes, cinders, soot, offal, gar- bage, swill or any other article or substance whatever, which may cause any noisome, offensive or unwholesome smell, shall be found, to remove the same immediately. sec. . the owner or owners and occupant or occupants of each store, shop, or place of business fronting, abutting upon or adjoining to any street in said city, shall, on friday evening of each week, from the fifteenth day of march to the fifteenth day of november, scrape, gather and sweep into convenient heaps and piles, all the filth and rubbish found in the street to the cen- ioo , revised ordinances of the ter thereof, in front of, abutting upon or adjoining to such store, shop, or place of business, so that such filth and rubbish may be quickly and readily collected into wagons or carts for removal from the street; and shall also, at all times, keep the gutters of such street free from all rubbish or other matter which may impede the free and ready flow of water through such gutters, or which shall cause filthy or stagnant water to stand in such gutters. sec. . no distiller, brewer, soap boiler, tallow chandler, dyer, machinist or other person, shall himself or by another, dis- charge out of or from any still house, brewery, soap or candle factory, dye-house, work-shop, factory, machine shop, tannery, dwelling-house, kitchen or other building, any foul or nauseous liquid, water or other substance, into or upon any highway, side- walk, street, lane, alley, public space or square, or into any adja- cent lot or grounds in said city. sec. . no person shall keep, place or have on or in any private house, lot or premises in said city, any dead carcase, pu- trid, offensive or unsound beef, pork, fish, hides, skins, bones, horns, stinking or rotten soap grrase, tallow, offal, garbage or other animal or vegetable matter or substance, which may cause any unwholesome, noisome or offensive smell. sec. . when any dumb animal shall die within the limits of said city, the owner or person in possession of it, shall, with- in twelve hours thereafter, cause the carcase to be removed to the place provided by the common council, or beyond the city limits. sec. . no owner or occupant of any grocery, cellar, tal- low chandler's shop, soap, candle, starch or glue factory, butcher- shop, slaughter-house, stable, barn, privy, sewer, or other build- ing or place, shall allow any nuisance to exist or remain on his or her premises. sec. . no person shall himself, or by another, wash or clean any carriage or horse, on any street, sidewalk or other pub- lic space, nor suffer the water used for such purposes to flow over any sidewalk, street or public space. sec. . the keeper of any livery or other stable shall keep city of ann arbor. ioi the stable and stable-yard clean, and shall not permit, between the first day of june and first day of november, more than two cart-loads of manure to accumulate in or near the same at any one time. sec. .* sec. of. sec. . no person shall allow any green or salted hides to remain on any street, sidewalk, or other open place within said city longer than one hour. sec. . no person shall collect or confine hogs, in pens,or otherwise, so as to become offensive to his or her neighbor or neighbors. sec. . no person shall place, deposit, throw or keep in the waters of the huron river, allen's creek or traver's creek, within said city limits, any straw, hay, green boughs, manure, vegetables, perishable substance, excrement, carcass, bones, horns, shells, meats, hides, offals, garbage or any unwholesome or de- cayed matter or thing whatever. sec. . every dwelling-house, store, manufactory or shop hereafter built within the limits of the city of ann arbor shall be provided with a suitable privy, the vault of which shall be walled up with two-inch plank, brick or stone, and be sunk at least four feet below the level of the earth. the inside of such vault shall be at least one foot distant from the line of every ad- joining highway, street, lane, alley or lot. sec. . no privy shall be emptied between the first day of june and the first day of october, unless by the written per- mission of the mayor, an alderman, or a member of the board of health. privies shall be emptied between the hours of ten p. m. and three a. m., and at no other time. sec. . any cart, wagon or other vehicle, used or in- tended to be used for the purpose of conveying swill, offal, gar- bage, excrement, ordure or night-soil, shall be perfectly tight and covered, so as to prevent the contents thereof from leaking or * repealed by ordinance passed november , . t repealed by ordinance passed november , . revised ordinances of the title v. of cemeteries. chapter xxi. an ordinance for the protection, management and govern- ment of cemeteries and burial grounds. [passed may nth, ] be h ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldtrmen of the city of ann arbor— section . that if any person or persons shall wrongfully and maliciously destroy, remove, deface or injure any fence, gate or other structure to or around or inclosing, or forming any part of the inclosure of any burial ground or cemetery in this city, or shall willfully and improperly destroy, remove, mutilate, cut, break, mar, deface or injure any tomb, monument, gravestone or other structure or thing of any kind placed or designed for a monument for a memorial of the dead, or any fence, railing, ledge, curb, seat or other structure, tree, shrub, plant, flower or thing that shall have been intended, placed or left for the pro- tection or ornament of any block, lot or ground, tomb, grave, monument, gravestone or other structure hereinbefore mentioned in any inclosed cemetery or burial ground in this city, or shall willfully injure or trample or go upon any grave or any block or lot, inclosure, plot or parcel of land in any cemetery or burial ground within this city, that shall at the time have been laid, graded and turfed, or otherwised worked and improved by or for any person, family, persons or association as and for a place for the burial of the dead, or as a memorial of any deceased person or persons (except by permission of the owner of such improve- ment, or in or along an alley, walk or passage way, or place laid only and intended for a walk or passage way on or through such city of ann arbor. improved grounds), the persons so offending shall, or may upon conviction thereof before any justice of the peace, residing in this city, or before any court having jurisdiction of the offense, be punished by a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars, or im- prisonment in the county jail not exceeding thirty days, or by both in the discretion of the court, or justice before whom the offen- der shall be tried. sec. . that a sexton for each public burial ground in said city may be appointed by the common council, who shall hold his office for one year, and until removed by the common council or until his successor shall be appointed. sec. . that the following rules and regulations for the protection, management and government of forest hill ceme- tery only, in said city be and the same are hereby made and pre- scribed, to wit: no person shall ride or drive in any of the grounds within the inclosure of said cemetery (it being that part of the west half of the southeast quarter of section number twenty-eight in township number two south, in range six east, in the state of michigan, lying north of the geddes road) except in and along the avenue and in and along such paths as may be graded and graveled for that purpose and designated by a guide board or sign pointing them out as "carriage paths," nor along any ave- nue or carriage paths faster than a walk. no horse or team shall be fastened or hitched in said ceme- tery, except at a post provided for that purpose, or left un- hitched therein without a keeper. no person or persons visiting said cemetery shall take any dog or firearms or refreshments into said cemetery, or discharge any firearms therein, or in any manner attempt to destroy, frighten or injure any bird or other animal therein. no person shall take in the cemetery any flowers except for the purpose of leaving them therein and no person shall pick or gather any cultivated flower in said cemetery, or remove, break, cut or mark any tree, shrub or plant, or any branch or part revised ordinances of the thereof, or any thing growing or being thereon, nor shall any person take any flowers from the said cemetery. no person shall throw or put any thing in any pond, basin or reservoir of water in said cemetery, or in any manner disturb, rile or render unclean or impure the water in any such pond, basin or reservoir. if any such person or persons shall violate any of the rules or regulations prescribed in this section, the person or persons so offending shall or may upon conviction thereof before any jus- tice of the peace residing in this city or before any court having jurisdiction of the offense, be punished by a fine not exceeding five dollars or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding ten days, or by both in the discretion of the court or justice be- fore whom the offender shall be tried. these rules and regulations shall not apply to the superin- tendent while in the performance of his duties in the cemetery, nor to any act done by any person or laborer in the cemetery under the direction of the superintendent or of the board of offi- cers of the cemetery company, or of any committee thereof, nor to any act properly done by any lot holder or any one under his directions on the lot of such holder. sec. . persons visiting the cemetery shall in all respects observe the proprieties of a place consecrated to the tender asso- ciations between the living and the dead they have lost and mourn, and if any person or persons shall commit any tres- pass in the cemetery, or violate any of these rules or regulations, or conduct or converse in a rude, boisterous, unseemly or im- proper manner, the superintendent or any person employed by the cemetery board, or any committee thereof and having charge of the grounds at the time, may remove and keep out any and every such offender from the cemetery grounds. city of ann arbor. i chapter xxii. an ordinance relative to the governing and controlling of the cemetery in the fifth ward. [passed june th, .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . that three commissioners be appointed by the common council to take charge and control of the cemetery in the fifth ward of said city, in the manner hereinafter mentioned, and with the powers hereinafter granted. said commissioners, when they shall have been appointed, shall have full power to make or cause to be made surveys of said lands, embraced in said cemetery, lay out lots, make contracts for the sale of lots, and deliver deeds for the same, provided that said deed shall be executed in the corporate name of said city, and signed by the mayor and recorder of the city of ann arbor. sec. . all money or moneys realized for the sale of lots or otherwise shall be paid into the city treasury within ten days after receiving the same, which shall constitute a fund known as the city cemetery fund, for the sole use and benefit of said ceme- tery, and said money or moneys may be drawn out of said treas- ury for making improvements, upon the allowance or recom- mendation of not less than two of said commissioners, upon an order on the city treasurer, said order being first approved by the common council, signed by the recorder and countersigned by the mayor. sec . the commissioners shall have power to make all needful regulations for the government of said cemetery, and such regulations shall be recorded by the commissioners in a book kept for that purpose, which shall be open to the inspection of all persons interested in said cemetery. sec. . the commissioners shall have power to levy a tax for the improvement of the grounds not to exceed one dollar upon each lot, when they may deem it necessary for beautifying revised ordinances of the or improving said cemetery, and collect the same as other taxes are collected by the city of ann arbor, provided that only one such tax upon each lot be collected each year; and provided that notice in writing signed by at least two of said commission- ers, notifying the owner or owners of lots in said cemetery, of the levying of said tax, be posted up in three public places in the fifth ward of the city of ann arbor at least ten days before proceedings be had to collect the same. sec. . the commissioners shall be appointed by the com- mon council as follows: one to hold the office until the first of january, ; one to hold the office until the first of january, ; and one to hold the office until the first of january, . and the common council shall appoint one the first monday of january, , and thereafter on the first monday of january in each and every year, one commissioner who shall hold his office for the term of three years, the common council reserving the right to remove any of said commissioners for cause shown. the commissioner whose term of office expires first shall act as chairman of said committee. sec. . the commissioners thus appointed shall receive no pecuniary compensation for their services, and upon the death, resignation or removal of any of said commissioners, the com- mon council shall, as soon as may be, appoint another to fill the vacancy for the unexpired portion of his term. sec. . the said commissioners shall make report in de- tail on the first monday in january of each year to the common council of the city of ann arbor, of all receipts and expendi- tures on account of said cemetery, its condition, number of lots sold, price paid and money expended for improvements or other- wise. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in full force from and after its passage. city of ann arbor. title vi. of gas works. chapter xxiii. an ordinance rklative to gas wokks. [passed april d, .] whereas, it is desirable that this city shall be lighted with gas, and in order to induce any company to undertake to supply gas for that purpose it is necessary to secure to such company certain exclusive rights and privileges, subject to certain restric- tions and conditions; and whereas, the ann arbor gas light company, a corporation recently formed in ann arbor for that purpose, has proposed to light the city with gas upon the terms hereinafter mentioned—therefore, beit ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— that the exclusive right and privilege of erecting gas works within this city, and of laying and continuing gas pipes along and across any and all of the streets, sidewalks, lanes, alleys and public grounds in said city, and of manufacturing gas in said city for sale for light, and of supplying said city and the build- ings and streets therein with gas for lighting the same, be and is hereby granted and secured to the "ann arbor gas light company," upon the conditions and under the restrictions here- inafter mentioned, so long as said company shall continue to sup- ply gas for lighting said city, and shall comply with the restric- tions and conditions hereinafter mentioned: provided, however, and this grant is made subject to the following restrictions and conditions, to wit: that said company shall within sixty days make and file with the recorder, to be recorded and preserved, a copy of the articles of association of said company, and a writ- no revised ordinances of the ten assent of said company to the provisions of this ordinance, and the agreement by the said company, signed by the officers of said company to erect gas works in said city, and to manufacture and supply gas as hereinafter mentioned; that said company shall within three months commence the erection of gas works in said city, and shall within one year lay down at least fifteen thousand feet of main gas pipe in said city, and shall supply and continue to supply all persons along the lines of such main pipe who may suitably supply their premises and buildings with ser- vice pipe and fixtures for receiving and burning gas, and who may require and pay for the same and sign the rules and regula- tions usual with gas companies, with gas of as good quality as that furnished by the detroit gas company, at a rate not exceed- ing, exclusive of a reasonable rent for meters, four dollars per thousand cubic feet for private lights, and to the corporation of the city of ann arbor, for public lamps, at a rate not exceeding three dollars and fifty cents per thousand cubic feet; and that thereafter, as other parts of the city may become more compact- ly built, so as to afford responsible applicants as consumers of gas in twenty different buildings who shall agree to take and con- tinue to use and pay for gas therein for each additional one thousand feet of main pipe, the said company shall within a rea- sonable time after such application for that purpose extend gas pipes and furnish gas upon the terms aforesaid to such additional buildings of said applicants; and that said company, in digging for and laying gas pipes, shall take care not unnecessarily or un- reasonably to obstruct or injure any street, sidewalk, lane pr al- ley, and shall with reasonable diligence restore such street, side- walk, lane or alley to as good a state of repair as the same was in before disturbed by said company, and shall in all respects fully indemnify and save harmless the city of ann arbor from and against all damages or costs which the city may be put to or sustain by reason of such digging; and in case the dividends of said company shall average or exceed fifteen per cent, per an- num, the common council may, at any time, after giving to said company thirty days' notice to show cause against such reduction, city of ann arbor. "s persons offending under this act, and, without unreasonable de- lay, bring him, her, or them before a justice of the peace in said city for trial, and if in the opinion of said justice, any person brought before him is unfit, by reason of intoxication, to be tried immediately, it shall be his duty to order such person to be com- mitted to the county jail for such time as he may judge necessary, not exceeding forty-eight hours, previous to trial. chapter xxvi. an ordinance relative to breaches of the peace and dis- orderly conduct. [passed august , .j be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section l. any person who may hereafter be found lurk- ing, lying in wait, or concealed in any house or other building, or any yard or premises within the limits of the city of ann arbor, with intent to do any mischief, or to pilfer, or commit any crime or misdemeanor whatever, shall, for every such offense, on conviction thereof, be punished by a fine, not exceeding one hundred dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail, not exceed- ing thirty days, or both, at the discretion of the court, and may, moreover, be held to bail for good behavior. sec. . any person who shall make, aid, countenance or assist in making, any noise, riot, disturbance, charivari, by blow- ing horns, ringing bells, or other improper diversion or noise, or who shall be guilty of any indecent, immoral or insulting con- duct, language or behavior in the streets or elsewhere in said city, and all persons who shall collect in bodies or crowds in said city for unlawful purposes, to the annoyance or disturbance of the citizens or travelers, or so as to impede the free passage of any street or sidewalk in said city, shall for each offense, on convic- tion thereof, be liable to the punishment mentioned in the fore- going section. n revised ordinances of the sec. . any person or persons who shall, within the lim- its of said city, keep a disorderlj or ill-governed house or place, or a house or place for the resort of persons of evil name or fame, or of dishonest conversation, or who shall procure, or suf- fer to come together at such house or place, persons of evil name or fame, or who shall commit or suffer to be committed therein, any immoral, indecent, or improper conduct or behavior; or any tippling, reveling, prostitution, rioting or disturbance, every person or persons so offending, or who shall aid or assist in any manner, in offending in the premises, shall on conviction thereof, be liable to the punishment mentioned in the first section of this ordinance. sec . no person shall raise or fly any kite in any of the streets, lanes or alleys; or within the limits of the city of ann arbor, under a penalty for each offense not exceeding twenty dollars, or confinement in the county jail not exceeding ten days and costs of prosecution. sec. . no person or persons shall, unless especially au- thorized by the common council, dig, remove or carry away any earth, loam, sand, gravel or sod, from any of the streets, lanes or alleys, or public grounds within the limits of the said city, under a penalty for each offense not exceeding fifty dollars and costs of prosecution. sec. . it shall not be lawful for any person to leave any cart, wagon, carriage or sleigh, wood, timber or any other in- cumbrance or obstruction in any of the streets, lanes or alleys of said city during the night season; and any person offending herein, on conviction, shall pay a fine, not exceeding twenty dol- lars and costs of prosecution, and it shall be the duty of the mar- shal to remove all such obstructions. sec. . it shall not be lawful for any person other than a public officer in the discharge of his official duties, unless au- thorized by the common council, in writing, to sell or offer for sale by auction or otherwise, at wholesale or retail, in or upon any part of the public grounds, streets, or sidewalks of the city of ann arbor, or upon any vacant lot in said city, not owned by citv of ann arbor. him or property leased from the owner thereof, any liquors, gro- ceries, medicines, nostrums, jewelry, pies, cakes or merchandise; and every person offending against the provisions of this section shall, on conviction, be fined a sum of not less than one dollar nor exceeding twenty dollars, and costs of prosecution. and it shall be the duty of the marshal, sheriff, or any constable, to forthwith arrest all persons offending against the provisions of this section, and take them before a magistrate for examination; and it shall further be the duty of the marshal, sheriff, or any constable, to forthwith remove as a public nuisance, any and all tables, boxes, benches, tents, booths, vehicle, thing or things whatsoever, employed, or attempted or intended to be employed, in any sale contrary to the provisions of this section.* sec. . no person shall leave any horse or horses attached to any cart, wagon, carriage or other vehicle in any part of the public streets of said city without being sufficiently tied or hitch- ed, under a penalty, not exceeding ten dollars and costs of prose- cution, for each offense. sec. . for any breach of any of the ordinances of said city of ann arbor, in the night time, it shall be the duty of the marshal, sheriff, or any constable, to arrest the persons, and either take them forthwith before a magistrate, or commit them for safe keeping in any safe place in said city, until nine o'clock the next day, unless that shall be sunday, in which case he shall be committed until monday, and then bring him before a magis- trate for examination. chapter xxvii. an ordinance relative to disorderly conduct. [passed february , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . if any person shall on the arrival or depart- ure of any railroad cars at or from said city, or for the period *as amended june , s . city of ann arbor. chapter xxx. an ordinance relative to horses, mules and cattle. [passed november , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor. section . that it shall not be lawful for any person to ride, drive, or lead any horse, cow, or ox, on or along any side- walk within said city, or leave the same standing thereon. sec. . it shall not be lawful for any person to feed any horse, horses, mules or cattle in main, fourth and fifth streets, between catherine and william streets, and in huron, ann, catherine, washington and liberty streets, between second and state streets in said city. sec. . any violation of the provisions of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine, not exceeding ten dollars for each offense, and costs of prosecution, and in default of payment thereof, by imprisonment in the county jail, not exceeding twenty days. sec. . an ordinance of said city entitled, "an ordinance relative to horses and cattle," made and passed september , , and an ordinance of said city entitled, "an ordinance relative to horses and cattle," made and passed january , , and all other ordinances amendatory thereto are hereby repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after legal publication. s revised ordinances of the chapter xxxi. an ordinance to prohibit gaming within the city of ann arbor. [passed may th, .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . that any person or persons gaming for money with cards, dice, billiards, nine or ten pin alleys, wheels of for- tune, tables, ball alleys, boxes, machines, or other instruments or devices of any kind, in any grocery, store, shop, tavern, street, alley, room or any other place within said city, shall be punished on conviction thereof, by a fine not less than five dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment for a period not to exceed thirty days, or both such fine and imprisonment, together with all costs of suit, in the discretion of the court. sec. . any person or persons keeping the building, in- struments or means for said gaming, shall be punished by the same fine or imprisonment, or both, as is prescribed in the pre- ceding section. sec. . any instrument kept for the purpose of gaming for money shall, upon conviction of the person or persons keep- ing the same, as is prescribed in the preceding section, be de- stroyed by the marshal of the city of ann arbor, under the or- der of the mayor of said city. and if the marshal shall refuse or neglect to obey such orders, or if he returns to the owners any instrument ordered to be destroyed, or uses, sells or in any other manner disposes of the same, save in accordance with the said order, he shall be fined one hundred dollars for each and every offense. sec. . if any person shall make complaint before any justice of the peace of said city, that he suspects or has probable cause to suspect that any house or other building is used for the purpose of gaming for money, and that persons resort revised ordinances of the poses, and any person who shall offend against either of the fore- going provisions of this ordinance shall be deemed to have been guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be fined twenty dollars and costs of prosecution, and in default of payment thereof shall be imprisoned in the county jail not ex- ceeding sixty days. sec. . this ordinance shall be published for two weeks successively in the michigan argus and peninsular courier and family visitant, the two newspapers published in said city of ann arbor, and shall take effect at the expiration of fifteen days after the first insertion in said papers. chapter xxxiv. an ordinance to prevent the violation of the sabbath. [passed january , j be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . that no person shall keep open or permit to be kept open his or her store, ordinary, saloon, bar- room, beer hall, restaurant, pleasure garden, victualing house, billiard room, ball alley, grocery, barber shop, or other place of business, pleasure or amusement, or give or make or be present at or take part in or permit on any premises occupied by him or her any public diversion, show, theatrical representation, ball, dance, game or play on the first day of the week called the sab- bath or sunday. this section shall not be construed to prevent druggists from furnishing medicines and prescriptions, nor to prevent the furnishing of meals and lodging to travelers and boarders. but nothing herein contained shall authorize the furnishing of intox- icating liquors to any person. sec. . any violation of the provisions of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten dollars nor ex- ceeding one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the wash- city of ann arbor. tenaw county jail, or in the detroit house of correction for a term not exceeding ninety days. sec. . an ordinance entitled "an ordinance for the pres- ervation of order and quiet in the city of ann arbor," made and passed september fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, is hereby repealed, but such repeal shall not affect any act done or proceedings commenced, or any penalty or fine incurred or imposed thereunder. sec. . this ordinance shall take immediate effect. chapter xxxv. an ordinance to preserve public peace and good order. [passed feb. , ] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . that no person shall keep open or permit to be kept open his or her store, ordinary, saloon, bar-room, beer hall, restaurant, pleasure garden, victualing house, billiard-room, ball alley, grocery, barber shop or other place of business, pleas- ure or amusement, before the hour of four o'clock in the morning or after the hour of eleven in the evening of any day of the week. this section shall not be construed to apply to telegraph and railroad offices, printing establishments, manufacturing estab- lishments driven by water or steam power, and livery stables, nor to public lectures, meetings, balls, dances and musical con- certs at which the public at large are accustomed to attend, nor to public shows and exhibitions that shall be duly licensed by authority of the common council, nor to prevent druggists from furnishing medicines and prescriptions, nor to prevent the fur- nishing of meals and lodging to travelers and boarders. but nothing herein contained shall authorize the furnishing of intox- icating liquors to any person. revised ordinances of the city of ann arbor, or to carry any person or persons by the hour in said city, for hire, shall be deemed a "hackney carriage" within the meaning of this ordinance. sec. . no person shall hire or keep for hire within the limits of the city of ann arbor, any hackney carriage or omni- bus without a license therefor from the recorder. sec. . the recorder is hereby authorized to issue licenses for the purpose aforesaid, to any resident of the city of ann ar- bor, of the age of twenty-one years, or upwards, of good moral character, upon his paying into the city treasury the sum of four dollars and fifty cents, and the recorder's fee, and to any person, a non-resident of the city of ann arbor, of twenty-one years or upward, of good moral character, upon his paying into the city treasury the sum of nine dollars and fifty cents, and the record- er's fee, for each hackney carriage or omnibus kept as aforesaid, and executing a bond to the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, in the penal sum of one hundred dollars, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the common coun- cil of said city, conditioned for a faithful observance of the char- ter and ordinances of said city, and that he will pay all fines, penalties, costs and damages for which he may become liable on account of such hackney carriage or omnibus under his license as aforesaid, and such license shall state the number of each hackney carriage or omnibus, with the name of the person to whom granted. sec. . no person shall drive or be permitted to drive any hackney carriage or omnibus without being licensed as a public driver, by the recorder. sec. . the recorder is hereby authorized te grant licenses to residents of the city of ann arbor, of the age of twenty-one years and upward, of good moral character, to act as drivers of hackney carriages or omnibuses on the person applying for such license, paying into the city treasury the sum of seventy-five cents, and if a non-resident the sum of one dollar and seventy- five cents, together with the recorder's fee, and executing a bond to the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, city of ann arbor. ously in plain, legible figures at least two inches long, upon each side of his dray. sec. . the owner or driver of a licensed dray shall be entitled to demand and receive the following compensation and no more: for removing or transporting furniture a distance of not exceeding one mile, fifty cents per load, and ten cents for each additional mile or fractional part thereof; for conveying any other articles a distance not exceeding one mile, twenty-five cents, and ten cents for each additional mile or fraction thereof. all disputes or disagreements as to distance or rates of compen- sation between draymen and persons employing them, shall be determined by the mayor, whose decision shall be final. sec. . no drayman shall be guilty of any deceit or mis- representation in the exercise of his duties. sec. . no drayman shall cruelly beat or torture any horse or other animal, whether belonging to himself or another. sec. . the iron tire around the wheel of a dray designed to carry twenty-five hundred pounds or more, shall not be less than three inches in breadth, and the nails with which the tire is nailed or fastened to the wheel, shall be sunk into the iron or tire, so that the nails shall not project beyond the surface thereof. sec. . no drayman shall refuse to be employed unless otherwise actually engaged; nor shall any drayman neglect or refuse to carry such a load as can be safely and conveniently stored on his dray and drawn by his horse or horses, mule or mules. sec. . a drayman shall be entitled to receive the com- pensation provided in this ordinance, immediately on the trans- portation of his load, and, unless so paid, he may retain the ar- ticles or things so transported until the matter is determined by the mayor, whose decision shall be final. sec. . no drayman, or person having a dray in charge, shall drive or back the same on any sidewalk, or stop the same on any cross-walk, so as to obstruct or hinder travel, or place the same crosswise of any street, except in loading and unloading, city of ann arbor. chapter xl. an ordinance for the issue of licenses. [passed may ii, s ] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . no person except the recorder, and in his ab- sence the mayor, shall be authorized to issue any license in pur- suance of any ordinance made by the common council of the city of ann arbor, unless otherwise ordered by the common council, and he shall make and keep a correct register of all licenses issued, which license shall state the consecutive numbers thereof, the name of the person to whom issued and for what purpose, the date of issue, the time of expiration, and the amount paid into the city treasury; all of which shall be entered upon the register aforesaid, provided for that purpose, and no license shall be deemed valid unless signed by the mayor or recorder as aforesaid; and for each license issued and registered as afore- said the recorder shall receive the sum of fifty cents, to be paid by the person to whom said license is granted, which sum shall be paid in addition to the amount paid into the city treasury, and shall be and constitute a part of the amount paid for said license. sec. . all licenses unless revoked by the common council shall continue in force until the first day of may next ensuing the date thereof, unless otherwise expressly stated in said license, and in no case shall any license purporting to continue in force beyond the first day of may next ensuing the date thereof, be deemed valid. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after its passage. revised ordinances of the title ix. miscellaneous ordinances. chapter xli. an ordinance declaring the recorder of the city ex-officio city clerk. [passed september , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . that the recorder of the city of ann arbor be, and he is hereby declared to be, ex-officio city clerk of the crty of ann arbor. chapter xlii. an ordinance to provide for the appointment of fence viewers. jpassed august , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor— section . that it shall and maybe lawful for the com- mon council, annually, to appoint one fence viewer in each ward, who shall hold their offices until the first monday in june next after their appointment, and until their successors shall be ap- pointed and qualified, who shall, before entering upon the duties of their office, take the usual oath of office, and who shall sev- city of ann arbor. five dollars, nor exceeding one hundred dollars, and in default of payment thereof, by imprisonment in the washtenaw county jail, or in the detroit house of correction, for any period of time not less than thirty days, nor more than ninety days. sec. . any violation of section three of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine, to be imposed by the justice of the peace trying the offender, of not less than ten dollars, nor more than twenty dollars, and in default of payment thereof,by impris- onment in the washtenaw county jail for a period of time not less than ten days, nor more than thirty days. sec. . an ordinance entitled "an ordinance relative to the protection of shade and ornamental trees," made and passed in common council, may , a.d. , is hereby repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after legal publication. chapter li. an ordinance to give effect to the revised ordinances of . [passed february , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor. section . that the edition of the ordinances of the city of ann arbor revised, compiled, and published in pursuance of the resolution of the common council, adopted october , a. d. ,shall be called the revised ordinances of the city of ann arbor, and the same, together with this ordinance, shall take effect and go into operation from and after the first day of march, a. d. . sec. . all by-laws and ordinances or parts of by-laws and ordinances, except as embraced and included in the edition of ordinances so revised, compiled and published, as aforesaid, shall be and are hereby repealed; said repeal to take effect from and after the first day of march, a. d. . revised ordinances of the sec. . the repeal provided for in the preceding section, shall not affect any act done, or any right accruing, or accrued, or established, or any suit had or commenced for any purpose whatever, before the time when such repeal shall take effect; nor shall any offense committed, or penalty or forfeiture incurred un- der any of the ordinances or by-laws repealed by the preceding section, and before the time when such repeal shall take effect, be affected by such repeal; and all suits pending and all prosecu- tions for any such offense committed or penalty incurred may be proceeded with, or prosecuted to final judgment and execution, as if such repeal had not taken place. sec. . all persons who at the time when said repeal shall take effect, shall hold any office under any of the ordinances or by-laws, so as aforesaid repealed, shall continue to hold the same according to the tenure thereof. sec. . whenever any ordinance or by-law, or any part thereof, shall be repealed by a subsequent ordinance or by-law, such ordinance or by-law, or any part thereof, so repealed, shall not be revived by the repeal of such subsequent repealing ordi- nance or by-law. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after the first day of march, a. d. . index to charter. page. section board of health - - ' appointment of. term of office, removal, etc powers of clerk of record of, evidence compensation of bridges buildings, line of when unsafe numbering of. . burial grounds by-laws and ordinances, made by whom carcasses cartmen and carts carriages and hacks census cemeteries, regulations concerning chimneys, size of, etc chimneys, flues, stove-pipes, cleaning of removing of chief engineer, duties of city attorney, duties of circuses ' * and other exhibitions city hall, market, almshouse, etc cisterns, public corporate name seal commissioners of streets, powers and duties of. of highways - common council, composed of when called together powers of - - powers of, exercised for what.. - - as highway commissioners duties of - compensation for injury of firemen construction of acts by courts index to charter. page. section. mayor and aldermen at fires marshal, powers and duties of deputies of can be removed by common council - or constable, fees of markets - meetings, disturbance of manufacturers, dangerous meats, putrid unwholesome moneys received for use of city paid by warrant of mayor miscellaneous provisions - notice to owners of land through which street has been laid notice posted to inform non-resident owners of street laid nuisances oaths, power to administer - officers, city, to be elected and appointed - length of term - city, time of election where and how elected to be notified of their election when to take the oath of office city, to be appointed by common council, - duties of appointed... , compensation of fees of - bonds of election and appointment of - - powers and duties of , - , - office, vacant, how filled - when deemed vacant offices held underacts repealed omnibuses ordinances to be published how long in force - passengers, soliciting of index to charter. page. section. vagrants, who are , , vegetables i vote, to be canvassed , . statement of, tiled with recorder to declare and certify wards, city divided into watchmen ... water, supplying city with water-works - warrants for collection taxes of justice ?- of justice, to whom directed wells and reservoirs - - weights and measures wine, impure - wood index to ordinances. page. section. earth, loam, gravel, etc , enclosure of owner of animals, not to be entered.. exhibitions, etc - - license must be obtained fare, rates of, for hackney carriages. for drays. fees for driving animals to pound of pound-keepers fence viewers term of office fire department - - of what to consist fire wardens, by whom appointed when appointed duties of - - - - fire or hose company, government of. duties of members duties of foreman fires, prevention of - , , - fire-works • • • fines, when and where to be paid form in proceedings for paving streets - gaming, to prohibit - gas-works - gongs gun-powder, the keeping of, in buildings provision concerning - - hazardous buildings - hawkers and peddlers - license of , , hackney carriages and omnibuses , - - , - to be licensed... - what are regulations at depot, - charges of health, public - - , - , - hog-pens, barns, privies, etc , , , horses upon sidewalks horses and cattle, not to be fed on streets - not to be driven on sidewalk index to ordinances. l l page. section , mad dogs - materials for paving meetings, disturbance of mistake in owners of taxable property moneys received for fines, paying over minors and students, selling liquors to night-walkers, pilferers, etc notice of assessment by recorder , , notice of assessment of assessment roll delivered of sale of premises , , , , nuisances - - on premises - - - number on hackney carriage numberon drays numbering of buildings - obstructions of streets and sidewalks - - - - officers of fire or hose-company - , of fire or hose-company, how elected - , owners of hackney carriages not to refuse to con- vey order and quiet, preservation of - , - , - , - ordinances, revised, to go into effect - - passage-way to cellars, leaving open - paving of streets - - injury to peace, breach of, punished - penalty, costs added to fine physicians, duty of, to report small-pox, etc fine upon for failure to report police of the city , pounds, relative to - - , - two suitable names of pounds pound-keeper duties of - - duties of marshal if payment be refused privies, when cleaned - prostitution, reveling, etc index to ordinances. page. section. proposals for grading or paving streets sealed, to whom delivered projection of streets real estate, selling or leasing of , , , , reports of fire wardens on danger of fires regents of university, to lay water pipes ] riot, charivari, etc railroad cars, arrival of - - reports of commissioner upon expense of mak- ing sidewalk reports of commissioner, examination of, by com- mon council reports of commissioner upon sidewalks com- pleted, etc report of sidewalk committee, force of record of sale for taxes recorder as city clerk revised ordinances, when to go into effect - rights of persons to drive animals to pound - -- riotous and boisterous conduct , , - , - sabbath, violation of - - saloons, victualing houses, etc - - when to be closed - sale of impounded animals of nostrums, etc., on public streets shade trees, protection of - shells of oysters, scraps, etc., in street sidewalks - - width of improving of - - expense of repairing and renewing of - - sidewalk committee, duty of chairman report of chairman sign-board or show-bill over sidewalk smoke-stacks slaughter-houses - snow and ice on sidewalks stallions stove-pipe index to ordinances. page. section. steam-engines, use of upon streets - - inspectors of - -j streets, the obstruction of , , , , , , encroachment upon - - grading and paving of - - street, lane or alley, may be paved by owner streets and bridges, protection of - - statistics of diseases and deaths - students, sale of liquor to forbidden tax-roll, warrant attached to , , , - , tax on saloons, victualing-houses, etc - - when assessed to wrong person tire of dray wheels, breadth of treasurer, city, duties of.upon receiving tax-roll, , , - , trees, fruit, shade, and ornamental, protection of. - - distance of, from each other and walk destruction of undertakers, duties of . vagrants wagon, cart, etc., in street at night warrant to marshal to enter gambling houses well-curbs, platforms, buckets, etc., injury of water-pipes, in streets wells, injury to - university of michigan mum'irimi'ih charter and ordinances of the city of ann arbor, . cix un general library ---- of university of michigan eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee presented by from library of e.bi pond . april. . ********** j.« •at a charter $ and ordinances of the city of ann arbor, michigan. printed by authority of the common council. ann arbor: courier book and job printing house. . mayors of city. george sedgwick, . from april, , to april, . edwin r. tremain, . " , ii ii . james kingsley, " , ii ii . william s. maynard, " , n ii . philip bach, " , ii it . robert j. barry, " , ii ii . john f. miller, . " , ii ii . charles spoor, . " , ii ii . ebenezer wells, "" , ii n . william s, maynard, " , ii ii . oliver m. martin," " , ii n . christian eberbach, " , ii ii . alfred h. partridge, " , ii ii . william d. harriman, " , ii n . silas h. douglas, "" , ii ii . hiram j. beakes, " , ii ii . edward d. kinne, . " , ii ii . densmore cramer, . " , ii ii . willard b. smith, . " , ii ii . john kapp, " , ii ii , city officers. mayor. john kapp. recorder. myron h. french. aldermen. first ward. gottlob luick, john s. henderson. second ward. anson d. besimer, john heinzmann. third ward. john b. dow, charles e. hiscock. fourth ward. thomas j. keech, john m. swift. fifth ward. archibald wright, norman d. gates. sixth ward. james e. sumner, william k. childs. treasurer. city attorney. jacob f. schuh. john f. lawrence. marshal. john s. nowland. deputy marshals. a. william porter, christopher g. millman. supervisors. first and second wards—conrad krapf. third and fourth wards—patrick o'heaen. fifth and sixth wards—benjamin brown. justices. edward clark, eugene k. freuauff, philip winegar, michael h. brennan. constables. john g. johnson, michael clark, george b. schwab, eli s. manly, jasper imus, edwin b. gidley. board of health. william f. breakey, m. d., conrad georg, m. d., edwin b. gidley. titles of charter. i. incorporation, city and ward boundaries, .... ii. election and appointment of officers, .... iii. of the powers and duties of officers, . . . . . iv. of the powers of the common council, . . . v. finance and taxation, . • . . . . . . vi. streets, sidewalks, and public improvements, ... vii. prevention and extinguishment of fires, .... viii. of the public health ix. courts of justice, fines, penalties, and legal proceedings, . x. salaries of officers, . • . . . , . . . miscellaneous provisions, . . . . . . . chapters of ordinances. i. of streets, .......... ii. of sidewalks, t iii. of the fire department, ....... iv. of the police, public peace, and good order, ... v. of public health ill vi. of licenses, ......... ) vii. of pounds, cattle, and horses, . . . . . . viii of cemeteries, ix. miscellaneous, ......... i «* a this volume of the charter and ordinances of the city of ann arbor is compiled, printed, and published pursuant to the following resolution of the common council, adopted may , : "resolved, that the city attorney is hereby authorized and directed to revise and compile the ordinances of the city, and have the same published with the charter, and all amendments thereto, in a bound volume, and two hundred copies published." august, . ( charter of the said township, and declared to be a city, by the name of the city of ann arbor; and the freemen of said city, from time to time being inhabitants thereof, shall be and con- tinue to be a body corporate and politic, by the name of the "mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor;" and by that name they shall be known in law, and shall be capable of suing and being sued, and of pros- ecuting and defending all suits; they may have a common seal, which they may alter at pleasure, and shall be capa- ble of purchasing, holding, conveying and disposing of real and personal estate for the use of said corporation. sec. . the said city shall be divided into six wards, as follows: the first ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying south of huron street, east of main street, and the ann arbor and lodi plank road, and west of state street and the pittsfield road,or state street as continued; the second ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying south of huron street and west of main street and the ann arbor and lodi plank road ; the third ward shall em- brace all that portion of the city lying north of huron street and south of the river huron, and west of fourth street extended to the river huron; the fourth ward shall em- brace all that portion of the city lying north of huron street, and of the line of huron street as extended to the city limits, and south of the river huron, and east of fourth street; the fifth ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying northeast of huron river; the sixth ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying south of huron street and the line of huron street, as extended east of the city limits, and east of state street and the pittsfield road, or state street as extended: provided, that the common council may at any time alter the bounds of said wards^ or any of them. the aforesaid division is made by the aetual or supposed continuation of the center line iqif each of said streets, in the present direction there- of, to the limits of said city. city of ann arbor. title ii. election and appointment of officers. section . the officers of said city shall be one mayor; one recorder; one marshal; one city attorney; one city treasurer; three supervisors—one for the first and second wards, one for the third and fourth wards, and one for the fifth and sixth wards, who shall be assessors in their re- spective districts; three street commissioners,—one in each supervisor district; and six constables, one in each ward; —all of which officers shall hold their offices for one year, and until their successors are elected or appointed and qualified; also, two aldermen in each ward, who shall re- spectively hold their offices for two years and until their successors are elected and qualified; and four justices of the peace, who shall respectively hold their offices four years, their several terms to commence, except in cases of vacancies, on the fourth day of july next after their elec- tion.* sec. . the inhabitants of said city, having the quali- fications of electors under the constitution and laws of this state shall, on the first monday of april in each year, at such place in each ward as the common council shall des- ignate, proceed to elect by plurality of votes, by ballot, from among the qualified electors of said city, one mayor, one recorder, and one justice of the peace, for said city; and the qualified electors of the first and second wards shall elect one supervisor; the qualified electors of the third and fourth wards shall elect one supervisor; and the qualified electors of the fifth and sixth wards shall elect one super- visor; the qualified electors of each ward shall, at the same time and place, elect one alderman and one constable: provided, that in each ward in which there shall, at the time of such election, be no alderman having another year to serve, there shall be two aldermen elected, one for the * as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . charter of the term of one year and one for the term of two years; and one alderman shall thereafter be elected annually in each ward, to hold his office for the term of two years and until his successor is elected and qualified.! sec. . at all elections the two aldermen in each ward shall be the inspectors of election, in case they shall at- tend, and a clerk shall be appointed by the aldermen or inspectors of election, at all elections in each ward. in case the office of the aldermen shall be vacated in said ward, or in case the aldermen, or either of them, shall fail to attend to act as inspectors, the electors present may, viva voce, choose one or more inspectors of election to fill the vacancy, and such judges and clerks so chosen, before pro- ceeding to the discharge of their duties, shall make an sub- scribe an oath or affirmation, faithfully and impartially to discharge the duties of their respective offices at such elec- tion, which oath or affirmation may be administered by any person authorized to administer oaths. at the close of the polls, the vote shall be canvassed, and a statement thereof proclaimed by one of the inspectors, and a correct statement of the number of votes given for each person shall be made by the clerk, and signed officially by the in- spectors and clerk aforesaid, and filed with the recorder. it shall be the duty of the common council to meet as soon as conveniently may be after such election, to canvass the votes cast in the respective wards, and to declare and cer- tify the result of such canvass. sec. . it shall be the duty of the recorder, or in case of his neglect to do so, then of the mayor, to cause five days' notice of every election to be given, by posting up written or printed notices thereof in three or more public places in each ward of said city: provided, that if notice of any election shall not be given as herein required, it shall be lawful for the electors to meet at the proper time and place, and hold the election, and in case of the non- t as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . city of ann arbor. attendance or neglect of the proper officers to act, the electors present may, viva voce, choose electors to' act in their places: and provided, also, that if any election of • officers under this act shall not be had on the day when it ought to have been held, the said corporation shall not for that cause be dissolved, but it shall be lawful to hold such election at any time thereafter, public notice thereof being given as provided in this act. at all elections the polls shall be open between the hours of nine and eleven o'clock in the forenoon, and be closed at four in the after- noon. whenever in any ward or wards in said city there shall not be two aldermen to constitute the board of reg- istration of such ward previous to any election, the com-, mon council shall, in time, appoint suitable freeholders, » resident in such wards, and electors, temporary aldermen of such wards, who shall take the oath of office, and have all the powers of aldermen in such wards, arid shall hold their offices until the close of the election and of the can- vass of the votes in such wards, at the next election after such appointment, and shall, during their continuance in office, act as and be members of the board of registration of such wards, and have all the powers and perform all the duties of members of the board of registration in such wards. sec. . the inhabitants of the said city, being elect- ors under the constitution and laws of the state of michi- gan, and no others, are declared to be electors under this act, and qualified to vote at any such election; and each person offering to vote at any such election, if challenged by an elector of said city, before his vote shall be received shall take one of the oaths or affirmations provided by the laws of this state for electors at general and special elec- tions, for the time being, which oath or affirmation may be administered to him by either of the inspectors of election. upon taking such oath or affirmation, if duly registered in said ward, he shall forthwith be permitted to vote. in all other respects not herein provided, said election shall be charter of the conducted as near as may be in accordance with the gen- eral statute provided for township elections. sec. . it shall be the duty of the recorder, as soon as practicable, and within five days after any election, to notify the officers respectively of their election, who shall, within ten days after receiving such notice, take an oath or affirmation to support the constitution of the state of michigan, and faithfully and impartially to perform the duties of their respective offices, a certificate of which oath, made by the person administering the same, shall be filed in the office of the recorder. sec. . the officers of said city to be appointed by .the common council, shall be a marshal, treasurer, attor- ney, director of the poor, a chief engineer of the fire de- partment and two assistants, a street commissioner for each supervisor district, and such other officers whose election is not herein specially provided for, as the common coun- cil shall deem necessary to carry into effect the powers grated by this act, and'to remove the same at pleasure: provided, that no person holding the office of alderman shall be appointed to the office of street commissioner. the common council shall also have power to remove the marshal at pleasure; and in case any office in said corpo- ration shall become vacant from any cause, the common council shall, as soon as may be, appoint an officer to fill such vacancy for the unexpired portion of the year; and all officers so appointed shall be notified and qualified as herein directed.* sec. . every office shall become vacant on the hap- pening of either of the following events before the expira- tion of the term of such office: the death of the incum- bent; his resignation; his removal from office; his ceasing to be an inhabitant of the district or ward for which he shall have been elected or appointed, or within which the duties of his office are required to be discharged; his con- » as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . charter of the duty, to preserve order and decorum in the council room during the session of the common council, and for this purpose may order any disorderly person to be arrested for disorderly or contemptuous conduct in his presence, and imprisoned for a period not exceeding twenty-four hours. sec. . the recorder shall be the city clerk, and shall perform all the duties and have all the statutory powers of a township or city clerk, in respect to the filing and cus- tody of all papers required to be filed, and the perform- ance of all other statutory duties. he shall keep a record of the proceedings of the common council, and a record of all claims allowed by them. he shall also draw all orders on the treasurer for claims and accounts allowed by the common council, and, if required, keep an account, as near as may be, to which fund the same belongs. sec. . it shall be the duty of every alderman in said city to attend the regular and special meetings of the com- mon council; to act upon committees when thereto ap- pointed by the mayor or common council; to order the arrest of all persons violating the laws of this state, or the ordinances, by-laws, or police regulations of said city; to report to the mayor all subordinate officers who are guilty of any official misconduct or neglect of duty; to maintain peace and good order, and to perform all other duties re- quired of them by this act. the aldermen of said city, by virtue of their offices, shall be conservators of the public peace, and as such shall have and exercise all the power and authority of justices of the peace, as such conserva- tors, in criminal cases, and enforcing the laws of this state relating to the police thereof, but shall have no jurisdic- tion in civil cases. sec. . the marshal of said city shall be the chief of police, see that all the by-laws and ordinances of the com- mon council are properly and efficiently enforced, and especially those which may be passed to carry into effect those parts of this act relating to police and sanitary regu- i charter of the shall deliver all obligations and valuable papers in his pos- session to his successor in office, when required.* sec . . the supervisors in said city shall have the same powers, and exercise the same duties, in relation to the assessment and collection of taxes, in their respective districts, and as members of the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw, as are possessed and performed by supervisors of the townships in said county, and shall perform such other duties as are provided by law, not in- consistent with the provisions of this charter. sec. . f sec. . the street commissioners shall, when required, under the direction of the common council, superintend the making, paving, repairing and opening of all streets, lanes, alleys and sidewalks within the limits of their respective districts, and shall possess, in addition to the powers and duties specifically enumerated by this charter, the powers exercised by overseers of highways in townships by stat- ute, so far as consistent with this charter. sec. . justices of the peace shall have such juris- diction to hear, try and determine civil and criminal cases as is given by statute, and shall also have jurisdiction of all cases arising under the charter or ordinances of said city. sec. . the marshal, recorder, city treasurer, collec- tor, and street commissioners shall respectively give bonds to the city in such sums and with such sufficient sureties, conditioned for the faithful performance of their respective duties, as shall be ordered and approved by the common council: provided, that any officer performing the duties required by township officers, in regard to the collection of taxes, shall give and file their bonds in such amounts and in such time as is required by the corresponding township officers; and the several officers above named shall per- • as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . t repealed by act no , s. l. . city of ann arbor. form all other duties and exercise such powers as may be defined by this charter, and the ordinances of the common council passed in conformity to it.* sec. . all other officers shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be given and required by this act, and the ordinances and resolutions of the common council. title iv. of the powers of the common council. section . the mayor, recorder, and aldermen, when assembled together and organized, shall constitute the common council of the city of ann arbor, and a majority of the whole (the mayor or recorder always being one) shall be necessary to constitute a quorum for the transac- tion of business, (but a less number may adjourn from time to time); and the common council may be summoned to hold their meetings at such place as the mayor, or in case of his absence or inability to act, the recorder may ap- point, and at such place as shall have been designated as council room by the common council. the common council shall have power to impose, levy, and collect such fines as they deem proper, not exceeding five dollars, for the non-attendance at any meeting of any officer of the corporation, who has been duly notified to attend the same. in case of the absence of the mayor or recorder from such meeting, the members present may appoint a president or recorder pro tempore. each member of the common coun- cil shall be entitled to one vote. sec. . the common council, in addition to the powers and duties specially conferred upon them in this act, shall have the management and control of the finances, rights, interests, buildings, and all property, real and personal, belonging to the city, and make such orders and by-laws * as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . charter of the relating to the same as they shall deem proper and neces- sary; and further, they shall have power, within said city, to enact, make, continue, modify, establish, amend, and repeal such ordinances, by-laws, and regulations as they deem desirable, within said city, for the following pur- poses: first. to prevent vice and immorality, to preserve public peace and good order, to organize, maintain, and regulate a police of the city, to prevent and quell riots, disturbances and disorderly assemblages, to prevent the violation of the sabbath and the disturbance of any relig- ious congregation, or any other public meeting assembled for any lawful purpose. second. to restrain and prevent disorderly and gam- ing houses and houses of ill-fame, and seize all instruments and devices used for gaming, and to prohibit all mock auc- tions, gaming, and fraudulent practices and devices, and to regulate and restrain billiard tables and bowling alleys. third. to forbid and prevent the vending or other disposition of liquors and intoxicating drinks in violation of the laws of this state, and to forbid the selling or giv- ing to be drunk, any intoxicating or fermenting liquors to any common drunkards, or to any child or young person, and to prohibit, restrain and regulate the sale of all goods, wares and personal property at auction, except in cases of sales authorized by law, and fix the fees to be paid by and to auctioneers; fourth. to prohibit, restrain and regulate all sports, exhibitions of natural or artificial curiosities, caravans of animals, theatrical exhibitions, circuses, or other public performances and exhibitions for money, except exhibi- tions of agriculture or educational societies or associations; fifth. to abate or remove nuisances of every kind, and to compel the owner or occupant of any grocery, tal- low-chandler shop, butcher's stall, slaughter-house, glue, starch or soap factory, establishment for rendering tallow, city of ann arbor. lard or oil, and all establishments where any nauseous, offensive or unwholesome business may be carried on, blacksmiths', coopers', cabinet makers', carpenters' and joiners' shops, and all buildings, business, and establish- ments of any kind usually classed as extra hazardous in re- spect to fire, tannery, stable, privy, hog-pen, sewer, or any other offensive or unwholesome house or place, to cleanse, remove or abate the same from time to time, as often as for the health, comfort and convenience or safety of the inhabitants of said city may require; sixth. to direct the location of all slaughter-houses, markets, and buildings for storing gunpowder or other com- bustible or explosive substances; seventh. to regulate the buying, carrying, selling and using of gunpowder, fire-crackers or fire-works, manufac- tured or prepared therefrom, and other combustible mate- rials, and the exhibitions of fire-works and the discharge of fire-arms, and the lights in barns, stables and other buildings, and to restrain the making of bonfires in streets and yards; eighth. to prevent the incumbering of streets, side- walks, cross-walks, lanes, alleys, bridges or aqueducts, drains or ditches, in any manner whatever; ninth. to prevent and punish horse-racing and im- moderate driving or riding in any street, or over any bridge, and to authorize the stopping and detaining any person who shall be guilty of immoderate driving or riding in any street or over any bridge in said city; tenth. to authorize any railroad in said city to de- termine and designate the route and grades of any railroad to be laid in said city, and to restrain and regulate the use of locomotives, engines and cars upon the railroads within the city; eleventh. to prohibit or regulate bathing in any pub- lic water, or in any open or conspicuous place, or any in- decent exposure of the person in the city, and to provide city of ann arbor. lish the line upon which buildings may be erected upon any street, lane or alley in said city, and to compel such buildings to be erected upon such line, by fine upon the owner or builder thereof, not to exceed five hundred dol- lars; twentieth. to provide for obtaining, holding, regulat- ing and managing burial grounds, within or without the city, when established for the benefit thereof; to regulate the burial of the dead, and to compel the keeping and re- turn of bills of mortality. twenty-first. to establish, order, and regulate the markets; to regulate the vending of wood, hay, meat, veg- etables, fruits, fish, and provisions of all kinds, and pre- scribe the time and place of selling the same, and the fees to be paid by butchers for license; to prohibit the sale of unwholesome meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, or other arti- cles of food or provisions; impure, spurious or adulterated wine, spirituous liquors or beer, or knowingly keeping or offering the same for sale; provided, that nothing herein contained shall authorize the common council to restrict in in any way the sale of fresh and wholesome meats, by the quarter, within the limits of the city; twenty-second. to establish, regulate and preserve public reservoirs, wells, penstocks and pumps, and to pre- vent the waste of water; to authorize and empower, un- der such regulations and upon such terms and conditions as they may choose, the laying of water pipes in the streets and alleys of the city, for the purpose of supplying the in- habitants of said city with water; to grant such exclusive privileges as they may deem expedient, to any company for that purpose, and to regulate the supply and use of the water; twenty-third. to regulate sextons and undertakers for burying the dead; cartmen and their carts, hackney carriages and their drivers, omnibuses and their drivers, scavengers, porters, and chimney sweeps, and their fees and charter of the compensation; and to make regulations for preventing auctions, peddling, pawn-brokerage, or using for hire carts, drays,cabs,hacks,or any kind of carriage or vehicle, or open- ing or keeping any tavern, hotel, victualing house, saloon, or other house or place for furnishing meals, food or drink, or billiard-tables or ball alleys, without first obtaining from the common council license therefor; for licensing and regulating carts, drays, cabs, hacks, and all carriages or vehicles kept or used for hire; auctioneers, peddlers, pawn- brokers, auctions, peddling, pawn-brokerage, taverns, ho- tels, victualing-houses, saloons, and other houses and places for furnishing meals, food or drink, and keepers of billiard- tables and ball alleys, not used for gaming; twenty-fourth. to prevent runners, stage-drivers, and others, from soliciting passengers and others to travel or ride in any stage, omnibus, or upon any railroad, or to go to any hotel or otherwhere; twenty-fifth. to make regulations for the lighting of the streets and alleys, and the protection and safety of public lamps; twenty-sixth. to provide for and regulate the num- bering of the buildings upon the streets or alleys, and to compel the owners or occupants of buildings to affix num- bers on the same; twenty-seventh. to prescribe the duties of all officers appointed by the common council, and their compensation, and the penalty or penalties for failing to perform such du- ties; and to prescribe the bonds and sureties to be given by the officers of the city for the discharge of their duties, and the time for executing the same, in cases not otherwise provided for by law; twenty-eighth. to preserve the salubrity of the waters of the huron river, or other streams within the limits of the city; to fill up all low grounds or lots covered, or par- tially covered with water, or to drain the same, as they may deem expedient; city op ann arbor. twenty-ninth. to prescribe and designate the stands for carriages of all kinds, which carry persons for hire, and carts and carters, and to prescribe the rates of fare and charges, and the stand or stands for wood, hay and produce exposed for sale in said city; thirtieth. to provide for taking a census of the in- habitants of said city, whenever they may see fit, and to direct and regulate the same; thirty-first. to establish a grade for streets and side- walks, and cause the sidewalks to be constructed in accord- ance with the same; thirty-second. to prescribe the duties of sealer of weights and measures, and the penalty for using false weights and measures, and all the laws of this state in re- lation to the sealing of weights and measures shall apply to said city, except as herein otherwise provided; sec. . the common council may ascertain, establish and settle the boundaries of all streets and alleys in the said city, and prevent and remove all encroachments there- on, and exercise all other powers conferred on them by this act in relation to highways, the prevention of fires, the preservation of the public health, the levying of taxes, the supplying the city with water, and all other subjects of municipal regulations herein expressly provided for. sec. . where by the provisions of this act the com- mon council have authority to pass ordinances on any sub- ject, they may prescribe a penalty not exceeding one hun- dred dollars (unless a greater penalty be herein otherwise provided) for a violation thereof, or that the offender be imprisoned in the county jail or house of correction for a term not exceeding ninety days; or the common council may, in such by-law or ordinance, direct that the offender shall be punished by fine or imprisonment (within the lim- its aforesaid) in the discretion of the justice who shall try the offender. sec . . no ordinance of the common council impos- ing a fine or imprisonment shall take effect until the same charter of the shall have been published for two weeks successively in a newspaper published in said city. sec. . a record or entry made by the recorder of said city, or a copy of such record or entry duly certified by him, shall he prima facie evidence of the time of such first publication; and all laws, regulations and ordinances of the common council may be read in evidence in all courts of justice, and in all proceedings before any officer, body or board, in which it shall be necessary to refer there, to, either first. from a copy certified by the recorder of the city of ann arbor; or second. from the volume of ordinances purporting to be printed by the authority of the common council. sec. . the common council shall have power to pur- chase and to hold suitable lot or lots of land, within or without the corporation limits, for the purpose of a city cemetery or cemeteries, and they shall make such rules and regulations regarding the same as they may deem necessary, and may cause the same to be surveyed into suitable lots, and may dispose of the same to purchasers, and thereupon cause to be executed to such purchaser a good and sufficient deed in the corporate name of said city, which deed shall be signed by the mayor and recorder. the cemeteries now existing within the limits of said city shall be subject to all laws, ordinances and resolutions in force in said city, and the common council of the city of ann arbor shall have power and authority to make such by-laws or ordinances, and prescribe such rules and regula- tions, as they may deem necessary and expedient for the protection, management and government of any cemetery or burial ground in said city, and to prescribe in and by any such laws or ordinances, that any person or persons violating any of the by-laws, ordinances, rules or regula- tions so made, shall or may, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail or house of correction not city of ann arbor. exceeding thirty days, or by both, in the discretion of the court or justice before whom the offender shall be tried. sec. . the common council shall have power, when- ever in their opinion the necessities of the city require, to construct a city almshouse, city hall, city market or mar- kets, and city slaughter-house, and appoint the keepers or clerks and necessary officers thereof, and may locate such city almshouse and city slaughter-house within or without the city limits, and may make such regulations in regard to the same as the common council may think proper. sec. . the common council shall, in the month of march in each year, make out a detailed statement of all the receipts and expenditures of the corporation for the past year, which statement shall state particularly upon what account all moneys were received, and it shall also specify all appropriations made by the common council during the year, and the particular purpose for which each appropriation was made. such statement shall be signed by the mayor and recorder, and be tiled in the recorder's office, and a copy thereof shall be published in a news- paper printed in said city, for at least two weeks. sec. . the common council shall have authority to make all by-laws and ordinances relative to the powers, duties and compensation of the officers of said corporation, subject to the restriction as to the compensation of officers mentioned in this act, to provide for the collection and disposition of all fines and penalties which may be in- curred under the by-laws and ordinances of said city, and to make all such other by-laws, ordinances and regulations for the purpose of carrying into effect the powers conferred by this act, which they may deem necessary to provide for the safety and good government of the city, and preserve the health and protect the property of the inhabitants thereof; and to this end the common council may impose fines and penalties for any violation of the by-laws and ordinances which may be made by them as aforesaid. charter op the title v. finance and taxation. section . the common council shall examine, settle and allow all accounts and demands properly chargeable against the said city, as well of its officers as other persons, and shall have authority to provide means for the payment of the same, and for defraying the contingent expenses of the said city, subject only to the limitation and restrictions in this act contained. sec . . the common council shall have authority to assess, levy, and collect taxes on all the real and personal estate taxable in said city, which tax shall be and remain a lien upon the property so assessed until the same shall be paid: provided, that they shall not raise by general tax in any one year, exclusive of school taxes, more than six thousand dollars for general purposes, nor more than two thousand dollars for street and highway purposes, except as hereinafter stated, unless authorized thereto by vote of the property taxpayers of said city who are electors, when convened for that purpose pursuant to previous notice: provided further, that the common council shall have the power, at the request of the alderman of any ward, to cause to be levied and collected by tax, in such ward, as other taxes, a sum not exceeding one thousand dollars for that year for highway purposes, to be expended in said ward under the direction of the aldermen thereof: and provided further, that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to prohibit the common council of said city from regulating by tax or otherwise the business of dealing in malt, spirituous, or intoxicating liquors.* sec . . whenever the common council shall deem it necessary to raise a greater sum in any one year than six thousand dollars for general purposes, or two thousand dol- lars for street or highway purposes, they shall give at least * as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . city of ann arbor. other than such as may be raised as provided in section four, of title five, and for the sale of any real estate for the non- payment of such tax, and for the redemption thereof: provided, that all the proceedings relative to the notice of sale, the manner of conducting the same, and the time to redeem, shall be in conformity as near as may be to the provisions of law regulating the sale of lands delinquent for state, county, and township taxes. sec. . in making assessments in said city, and in apportioning the taxes for city purposes, the supervisors shall so discriminate as not to impose upon the rural por- tions those expenses which belong exclusively to the built portions of the city, for which purpose they may in their discretion distinguish in their assessments what properties are within the agricultural or rural sections, not having the benefit of lighting, watering, watching, or other expendi- tures for purposes exclusively for the benefit of the built and densely populated parts of the city; and all lands within such agricultural or rural districts exclusively used for woodland, pasture, meadow, or farming purposes, may be assessed to the owner or occupant at their cash value, and by some general description, and not as separate city lots; and for such purpose the common council, in pre- paring the certified statement to the supervisors of the amount of taxes to be raised for general purposes, public buildings, or street or highway purposes, shall distinguish between the expenses which are properly chargeable upon the whole city, and those which are exclusively for the benefit of the more densely populated parts of the city, and shall apportion to each assessment district its equit- able proportion of the taxes for each purpose, and shall in such statement distinguish the amount of each class of such local expenses; and the supervisors, in levying such local taxes, shall charge upon the property within the dis- trict to be benefited by such local expenditures, the amount of taxes therefor.* * as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . city of ann arboe. supervision and control of the highways, streets, bridges, lanes, alleys, parks and public grounds therein, and of keeping, preserving, repairing, improving, cleansing and securing of such highways, bridges, lanes, alleys, parks and public grounds. the common council shall have power to regulate the time and manner of working upon the streets; to provide for grading and paving the same; to prevent the obstruction or incumbering of any of the streets, lanes, alleys, sidewalks or public grounds in said city; to provide for the erection, preservation and main- tenance of lamp-posts and lamps in said streets, and to provide for lighting the same; to provide for the planting and protection of shade trees along the sides of the streets and on public grounds in said city, and to keep such public grounds in good condition; to lay out, open and repair streets and alleys, and the same to alter and vacate, and to alter and vacate those already laid out. whenever the common council shall be applied to in writing by ten or more freeholders of said city, to lay out, establish, open, alter or discontinue any street, common, lane, alley, side- walk, highway, water-course, or bridge, they shall proceed to lay out, establish, open, alter or discontinue the same, as hereinafter directed: provided, that no second appli- cation shall be made within twelve months for that pur- pose. whenever the common council shall be applied to as before mentioned, to lay out and establish, open, alter or discontinue such streets, commons, lanes, alleys, side- walks, highways, water-courses and bridges, the common council shall give notice thereof to the owners or occu- pants or persons interested, or his or their agent or repre- sentative, by personal service, or by posting up notices in five or more public places in the city, stating the time and place when and where the common council will meet to consider the same, which notice shall describe the street, lane, common, alley, sidewalk, highway, water-course or bridge proposed to be laid out, altered, opened, established or discontinued, and which notice shall be posted at least . charter of the ten days before the time of meeting. if after hearing the persons interested, who may appear before them, the com- mon council shall determine to lay out or alter any street, lane or alley, they may proceed to obtain a release of the right of way for the proposed street, by gift or purchase. if the terms of such release shall not be agreed upon, it shall be lawful for the mayor, or in case the mayor shall be absent, for the recorder, to apply to any justice of the peace of said city for the appointment of a jury of twelve freeholders of the county, to appraise the damage thereon to such person as shall not have released all claim for dam- ages, or agreed with the common council on the price to be paid by reason of the establishing, laying out, opening or altering such street, common, lane, alley, sidewalk, high- way, water-course or bridge, which application shall de- scribe the premises through which it is proposed to open, alter, lay out, establish or discontinue such street, common, lane, alley, sidewalk, highway, water-course or bridge. upon the receipt of such application, said justice shall make a list of twelve disinterested freeholders residing in the county, and shall issue a venire, under his hand, directed to the marshal of said city, or any constable of said county, commanding the officer therein named to summon the per- sons named in said list, to be and appear at his office on some day to be therein named, not less than six days nor more than twelve days from the time of issuing the same, to serve as jurors to appraise the damages occasioned by taking the property described in such application for the purposes of such street, common, lane, alley, sidewalk, highway, water-course or bridge; and if all the jurors shall not appear, the said justice shall cause a sufficient number of talesmen to be summoned to make a full jury. the jurors shall be sworn by such justice to appraise the dam- ages occasioned by taking the property described in such application for the purposes aforesaid. they shall proceed to view the premises described, and shall, within five days thereafter, make returns to the said justice in writing, city of ann arbor. signed by them, of their doings, which shall state the amount of damages awarded, if any, to whom payable, if known, and a statement of the time spent by them for that purpose, which return shall be certified by said justice and filed in the recorder's office. such jurors shall be entitled to receive one dollar per day, and fifty cents for each half day, and the justice and marshal or constable each one dollar for their fees; and the award of said jury shall be final and conclusive. the damages which shall have been awarded as heretofore provided, or which shall have been contracted to be paid by said common council as in this section provided, and the fees and charges lawfully in- curred, shall be levied and collected in said city, and shall be paid on the order of the common council as other city charges, and such order for damages shall be delivered or tendered to the person or persons in whose favor such award.of damages shall be made, if known, and residents of said city, before such street, lane or alley shall be opened or used: provided, the parties in whose favor an award of damages shall be made are unknown or be non-resi- dents, it shall be sufficient to make the award of damages to the "unknown owner or owners, or non-resident owner or owners," of the parcel of land taken, describing it as the parcel through which the street, lane, alley, sidewalk, bridge or highway may run; and the unknown parties or non-residents shall be entitled to receive their orders as aforesaid upon proof to the common council.of their own- ership of said property so appropriated to the public use. sec. . the common council shall have all the powers given by statute to highway commissioners, so far as appli- cable, except as herein otherwise provided; and the city recorder shall discharge the like duties as are imposed on the township clerk by the provision of law. sec. . when the damages or compensation afore- said shall have been paid or tendered to the person entitled thereto, or an order on the city treasury for the amount of such damages shall have been executed and delivered or charter of the tendered to such persons or persons, if known, and resi- dents of said city, said common council shall then give notice to the owner or occupant of the land through which any such highway, street, lane, alley or common, sidewalk, water-course or bridge shall have been laid out, altered or established; or if such owner or occupant shall not be known, or be non-resident, then by posting such notice in three public places in the ward or wards in which said property shall be situated, and require him within such time as they shall deem reasonable, not less than thirty days after giving such notice, to remove his fence or fences; and in case such owner or occupant shall neglect or refuse to remove his fence or fences within the time specified in such notice, the said common council shall have full power, and it shall be their duty, to enter with such aid and assist- ance as shall be necessary, upon the premises, and remove such fence or fences, and open such highway, street, lane, alley, sidewalk, or water-course, without delay, after the time specified in such notice shall have expired: provided, that in the rural districts of said city, no person shall be required to remove his fence or fences between the first day of may and the first day of november. sec. . no person shall be deemed to have gained any title as against the city by lapse of time, to any street, lane, alley, common or public square heretofore laid out or platted by the proprietor or proprietors of said city, or any part thereof, by reason of any encroachment or en- closure of the same. sec. . the common council shall have power to as- sess and levy by a tax the expenses of making, grading, paving, opening, widening and repairing streets, lanes and alleys, and of putting curb-stones, gutters and culverts therein; of grading, paving or planking, repairing and re- newing sidewalks, of draining low lands, of making drains and sewers and other local improvements upon the lots, premises and subdivisions thereof, which are in front of or adjoining to such streets, sidewalks, drains, sewers and charter of the making their annual assessments, an annual capitation or poll tax, not exceeding one dollar, and they may provide by ordinance for the collection of the same, provided that any person assessed for a poll tax may pay the same by one day's labor upon the streets, under the direction of the street commissioner or any alderman of the ward in which he resides, and the money raised by poll tax or the labor in lieu thereof shall be expended or performed in the re- spective wards where the person so taxed shall reside.* sec. . whenever the common council shall deem it expedient to construct, repair or renew any sidewalks within the limits of said city, they may by ordinance or otherwise require the owner of any lot or premises adjoin- ing said street to construct such sidewalk or repair or re- new the same in front of his or her lot or premises, in ac- cordance with the provisions of this act. the common council may by ordinance or otherwise, under such pen- alty or penalties as they may prescribe, require the owners or occupants of lots or premises in said city or in any specified part thereof, to grade, construct, repair and renew sidewalks adjoining their respective premises, in such manner as the common council may direct. if the owner or occupant of any lot or premises, after notice so to do shall have been posted on such lot or premises or other- wise given, served, or published, as the common council may direct by ordinance, resolution or otherwise, shall fail or neglect to construct, repair or renew any sidewalk or to clear away any snow, ice or other obstruction from any sidewalk or to widen any street adjoining to such lot or premises within such time as the common council may prescribe or require by ordinance, resolution or otherwise, the common council may cause the same to be done at the expense of the city, and such expense shall be deemed to be a special assessment upon such lot or premises, and the common council may add the same to the amount of the * as amended by act no. , s. l. , pages - . city of ann arbor. general city tax on such lot or premises in the proper dis- trict tax roll made the same year the said expense for such improvement was incurred or next thereafter to be made; and the amount so added shall be a lien on the premises in the same manner as the state, county and other city taxes to which it is added, and may be collected and en- forced and, if not paid, the land sold therefor in the same manner as for other ordinary taxes, and at the time of the sale of any such lot or premises for such delinquent tax or taxes, the city recorder or other officer of the city may cause the same to be bid off to the city in its corporate name, and if not redeemed within the time allowed by law, the city shall be entitled to a deed of such lot or premises from the auditor general, as provided in other cases, which deed shall be prima facie evidence of the regularity of all the proceedings by the common council and other officers of the city relating to such local improvement and assess- ment of the cost upon such lot or premises as well as of all the proceedings by the assessor and other officers from the valuation of such lot or premises to the date of the deed, inclusive, and of title in fee in the purchaser.* sec. . whenever an action shall have been main- tained and judgment recovered against said city by any person on account of damages sustained by reason of any defective sidewalk or opening in the same, occasioned by the wrong or negligence of the owner or occupant ot the premises in front of which said sidewalk shall be, or on account of any excavation in the street by any gas, hy- draulic or railroad company, and such owner, occupant or company shall have been reasonably notified to appear and defend such action, the judgment, if any, obtained against said city, shall be conclusive as to the amount of the dam- ages, and the validity of the claim of the city against such owner, occupant or company, and the same may be recov- * as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . as charter of the ered in an action for money paid for the use of said owner, occupant or company, or in any other proper form of ac- tion. title vii. prevention and extinguishment of fires. section . for the purpose of guarding against the ca- lamities of fire, the common council may from time to time, by ordinance, designate such portions and parts of the said city as they shall think proper, within which no building of wood shall be erected, and may regulate and direct the erection of buildings within sucli portions and parts, and the size and materials thereof, and the size of the chimneys therein; and every person who shall violate any such ordinance or regulation shall forfeit to the city the sum of one hundred dollars, and every building erected contrary to such ordinance is hereby declared to be a com- mon nuisance, and may be abated and removed by such common council. sec. . the common council may by ordinance re- quire the owners or occupants of houses and other build- ings to have scuttles on the roofs of such houses and other buildings, and stairs or ladders leading to the same; and whenever any penalty shall have been recovered against the owner or occupant of any house or other building, for not complying with such ordinance, the common council may at the expiration of twenty days after such recovery, cause such scuttles and stairs or ladders to be constructed, and may recover the expenses thereof, with ten per cent. in addition, of the owner or occupant wliose duty it was to comply with such ordinance. sec. . the common council may by ordinance re- iquire the inhabitants of the city to provide such and so .many fire buckets for each house or tenement therein, and within such time as they shall prescribe, and may require lsuch buckets to be produced at every fire. charter of the any apparatus or device in which fire may be used or to which fire may be applied, and remove and make the same safe, at the expense of the owners or occupants of the build- ings in which the same may be, and to ascertain the num- ber and condition of the fire-buckets, and the situation of any building in respect to its exposure to fire, and whether scuttles and ladders thereto have been provided, and gen- erally with such powers and duties as the common council shall deem necessary to guard the city from the calamities of fire. sec. . the common council may procure, own, build, erect, and keep in repair, such and so many fire engines, with their hose and other apparatus, engine houses, lad- ders, fire hooks, and other implements and conveniences for the extinguishment of fires, and to prevent injuries by fire, and so many public cisterns, wells, and reservoirs of water as they from time to time shall judge necessary. sec . . the common council shall have power to or- ganize said city into so many fire districts as they may deem necessary, and may organize and maintain a fire de- partment for said city, to consist of one chief engineer, two assistant engineers, and twice as many wardens as there are wards in the said city, a proper number of fire- men, not exceeding eighty to each engine, such numbers of hook and ladder men, and such number of tub and hose men, as may be appointed by the said common council, all to have privileges and exemptions of firemen, and to hold their appointment during the pleasure of the common council. sec . . the common council may make rules and regulations for the government of said engineers, wardens, firemen, hook and ladder men, and tub and hosemen ; may prescribe their respective duties in case of fire or alarms of fire; may direct the dresses and badges of authority to be worn by them; may prescribe and regulate the time and manner of their exercise, and may impose reasonable fines for the breach of any such regulations. city of ann arbor. sec. . the engineers and fire wardens, under the direction of the common council, shall have the custody and general superintendence of the fire engines, engine house, hooks, ladders, hose, public cisterns, reservoirs and other conveniences for the extinguishment and prevention of fires, and it shall be their duty to see that the same are kept in order, and to see that the by-laws and ordinances relative to the prevention and extinguishment of fires are duly executed, and to make detailed and particular reports of the state of their department, and of the conduct of the firemen, hook and ladder men, tub and hosemen, to the common council at stated periods, to be prescribed by the common council, and to make such reports to the mayor whenever required by him; the certificate of the recorder that a person is or has been a fireman shall be evidence of the fact in all courts and places, on proof of the genuine- ness of such certificate. sec. . the common council may, by ordinance, di- rect the manner in which the bells of the city shall be tolled or rung in cases of fire or alarms of fire, and may impose penalties for ringing or tolling of such bells in such manner at any other time than during a fire or alarm of fire. sec. . the common council may provide suitable compensation for any injury that any fireman, hook and ladder man, or tub and hose man may receive in his per- son or property, in consequence of his exertions at any fire. sec. . the common council may by ordinance— first. prescribe the duties and powers of the engi- neers and wardens at fires, and in cases of alarms of fire, and may vest in them such powers as shall be deemed nec- essary to preserve property from being stolen, and to ex- tinguish and prevent fires; second. to prescribe the powers and duties of the mayor and aldermen at such fires, and in case of alarms; city of ann arbor. building, to be pulled down and destroyed, and no action shall be maintained against any person or against the city therefor; but any person interested in any such building so destroyed or injured, may, within three months thereaf- ter, apply to the common council to assess and pay the damages he has sustained; at the expiration of three months, if any such application shall have been made in writing, the common council shall either pay to the said claimant such sum as shall be agreed upon by them and the said claimant for such damages, or if no such agree- ment shall be effected the common council shall proceed to assess the amount of such damages, and provide for the collection and payment of the same. sec. . the common council, in assessing the dam- ages incurred by any claimant, by pulling down or destruc- tion of such building, by the direction of said officers of the city, as above provided, shall take into account the probability of the same having been destroyed or injured by fire if it had not been so pulled down and destroyed, and may report that no damage should be equitably al- lowed to such claimant; and in case no damages are al- lowed, or in case any damages are allowed, a payment or tender of an order for the same by the common council, shall be deemed a full satisfaction of all said damages of the said claimant. title viii. of the public health. section . it shall be the duty of the common coun- cil of said city to appoint a board of health once in each year for said city, to consist of not less than three, nor more than one person in each ward, one of whom shall be a competent physician, and who shall be the health officer thereof. sec. . the members of said board shall hold their office for one year, and until their successors are appointed ( charter of the pest-house, or of any hospital that may hereafter be estab- lished by the city. sec. . the common council shall have power to pass and enact such by-laws and ordinances as they from time to time shall deem necessary and proper for the filling up, draining, cleansing, cleaning and regulating any grounds, yards, basins, or cellars, within the said city, that shall be sunken, damp, foul, incumbered with filth and rubbish or unwholesome, and for filling, or altering and amending all sinks and privies within the said csty, and for directing the mode of constructing them in future, and to cause all such works as may be necessary for the purpose aforesaid and for the preservation of the public health and the cleanli- ness of the city, to be executed and done at the expense of the city corporation, on account of the persons respec- tively, upon whom the same may be assessed, and for that purpose cause the expenses thereof to be estimated, as- sessed and collected, and the lands charged therewith sold in case of non-payment, the same as is provided by law with respect to other public improvements within said city, and in all cases when the said by-laws or ordinances shall require anything to be done in respect to the property of several persons, the expenses thereof may be included in one assessment, and the several houses and lots in respect to which such assessment shall have been incurred, shall be briefly described in the manner required by law in the assessment roll for the general expenses of the city, and the sum of money assessed to each owner or occupant of any such house or lot, shall be the amount of money ex- pended in making such improvement upon such premises, together with a ratable proportion of the expenses of as- sessing and collecting the money expended in making such improvements. sec. . whenever, in the opinion of the cemmon coun- cil, any building, fence, or other erection of any kind, or any part thereof is liable to fall down, and persons or property may thereby be endangered, they may order any charter of the of justices of the peace may be commenced and prose- cuted in said justices' courts, when the plaintiff or defend- ant, or one of the plaintiff's or defendants', resides in a town- ship adjoining the township or city of ann arbor, or in the townships of york, saline, freedom or lima. sec. . any justice of the peace residing in said city ot ann arbor, shall have full power and authority, and it is hereby made the duty of such justice upon complaint to him, in writing, to inquire into and hear, try and deter- mine all offenses which shall be committed within said city against any of the by-laws or ordinances which shall be made by the common council in pursuance of the powers granted by this act, and to punish the offenders as by said by-laws or ordinances shall be prescribed or directed; to award all process, and take recognizance for the keeping of the peace, for the appearance of the person charged, and upon appeal, and to commit to prison as occasion may re- quire. sec . . the corporation of the city of ann arbor shall be allowed to use the common jail of the county of washtenaw for the imprisonment of all persons liable to imprisonment under the by-laws and ordinances [of] the common council, and all persons committed to jail by any justice of the peace for a violation of a by-law or ordinance of said common council, shall be in the custody of the sheriff of the county, who shall safely keep the person so commit- ted until lawfully discharged, as in other cases. whenever, by the terms of any ordinance of said city, it is provided that any person convicted of an offense shall be impris- oned, said person may be confined in the county jail of the county of washtenaw, or in the house of correction in the city of detroit, in the discretion of the court. sec . . whenever any person shall be charged with having violated any ordinance of the common council, by which the offender is liable to imprisonment, any justice of the peace residing in said city, to whom complaint shall be made, in writing, and on oath, shall issue a warrant di- charter of the an officer, witness or juror, on account of his interest in the event of such suit or action: provided, such interest be such only as he has in common with the inhabitants of said city. sec. . in all trials before any justice of the peace of any person charged with a violation of any by-law or or- dinance of the common council, either party shall be en- titled to a jury of six persons; and all the proceedings for the summoning of such jury and in the trial of the cause, shall be in conformity, as near as may be, with the mode of proceeding in similar cases before justices of the peace; and in all cases, civil and criminal, the right of appeal from the justice's court to the circuit court for the county of washtenaw, shall be allowed; and the person appealing shall enter into a recognizance conditioned to prosecute the appeal in the circuit court, and abide the order of the court therein, or such other recognizance as is or may be required by law in appeals from justices' courts in similar cases: provided, if any judgment in any action shall be rendered against the city by any justice of the peace, such judgment may be removed by appeal to the circuit court in the county of washtenaw, in the same manner and with the same effect as though the city were a natural person, except that no bond or recognizance to the adverse party shall be necessary to be executed by or on behalf of the said city. sec. . all fines imposed by any by-law or ordinance of the common council may be sued for by the attorney of the city, in the name of the corporation, before any justice of the peace of said city; and whenever any fine shall be imposed by any justice of the peace for a violation of any ordinance of the common council, it shall be the duty of the justice forthwith to issue execution to the marshal of the city, commanding him to collect of the goods and chat- tels of the person so offending the amount of such fine, with interest and costs, and for want of goods and chattels wherewith to satisfy the same, that he take the body of the city of ann arbor. defendant and commit him to the common jail of the county, or to the house of correction in the city of detroit, in the discretion of the court, to be safely kept by the offi- cer in charge until said defendant be discharged by due course of law; and the defendant shall remain imprisoned until the execution, with all costs and charges thereon, shall be paid, or he be discharged by due course of law: provided, that the common council may remit such fine, in whole or in part, if it shall be made to appear that the person so imprisoned is unable to pay the same. sec. . all fines, penalties or forfeitures recovered before any of said justices, for a violation of the by-laws or ordinances of said city, shall, when collected, be paid into the city treasury; and each of said justices shall re- port, on oath, to the common council, on the first mondays of january, april, july, and september, during the term for which he shall perform the duties of such justice, the number and name of every person against whom judgment shall have been rendered for such fine, penalty, or forfeit- ure, and all moneys so received, or which may be in his hands, collected on such fine, penalty or forfeiture, shall be paid into said city treasury on the first monday of the months above named, during the time such justice shall exercise the duties of said office, and for any neglect in this particular he may be suspended or removed, as here- inafter provided. sec. . any justice of the peace of said city may be suspended or removed from his said office, by the circuit court for the county of washtenaw, for neglect or refusal to pay over, as required by law, moneys by him collected for or on account of any fine, penalty or forfeiture, or the unfaithful or insufficient performance of his duties in rela- tion to the internal police of the state, or for any official misconduct, on charges specifically preferred by said com- mon council of said city, or any member or officer thereof, or by three electors of said city, founded on affidavit filed in said circuit court, specifically stating the charges com- charter of the plained of, a copy whereof shall be served upon him at least ten days before presenting such charges to said court, and opportunity shall be given to him to be heard in his de- fense. sec . . all persons being habitual drunkards, desti- tute, and without any visible means of support, and who, being such habitual drunkards, shall abandon, neglect, or refuse to aid in the support of their families, being com- plained of by such families, all able-bodied and sturdy beggars who may apply for alms or solicit charity, all per- sons wandering abroad, lodging in watch-houses, out- houses, market-places, sheds, stables, or uninhabited dwell- ings, or in the open air, and not giving a good account of themselves, all common brawlers and disturbers of the public quiet, all persons wandering abroad and begging, or who go about from door to door, to place themselves in streets, highways, passages, or other public places, or beg or receive alms within the said city, shall be deemed va- grants, and may, upon conviction before any justice of the peace in said city, be sentenced to confinement in the county jail of said county, or in the house of correction in the city of detroit, for any time not exceeding sixty days. sec. . all persons who shall have actually aban- doned their wives or children in the city of ann arbor, or may neglect to provide, according to their means, for their wives or children, are hereby declared to be disorderly persons, within the meaning of chapter thirty-nine, of title nine, of the revised statutes of eighteen hundred and forty- ^ six, and may be proceeded against as such, in the manner directed by said title; and it shall be the duty of the mag- istrate before whom any such person may be brought for examination, to judge and determine from the facts and circumstances of the case whether the conduct of said person amounts to such desertion or neglect to provide for his wife or children. city of ann arbor. title x. salaries of officers. skction . the officers of said corporation shall be entitled to receive out of the city treasury the following sums in full payment of their services: the mayor shall be paid one dollar per annum; the aldermen shall be en- titled to receive one dollar and fifty cents per day when employed in assisting the supervisor in taking the assess- ment; the recorder shall receive such sum as the common council shall allow, not exceeding three hundred dollars per annum; the city attorney and treasurer shall be en- titled to receive, respectively, such sum as the common council shall allow, not exceeding one hundred dollars per annum: provided, tnat the said treasurer shall be entitled to receive, in addition to such salary, the fees hereinbefore provided for collecting the taxes to be levied and collected in said city. the marshal shall be entitled to receive the same fees for serving process in behalf of the corporation as constables' are by law allowed for similar services; and he shall also receive such further compensation, not ex- ceeding one hundred dollars per annum, as the common council shall allow; the justices of the peace and the con- stables shall be allowed the same fees as are by law allowed to corresponding township officers; the street commission- ers and supervisors, and all other officers of said city, shall be entitled to receive such compensation as the common council shall allow, not exceeding two dollars per day for every day actually employed in the performance of the duties of their respective offices.* miscellaneous provisions. section . the mayor, or chairman of any committee or special committee of the common council, shall have power to administer any oath, or take any affidavit, in re- * as amended by act no. , s. l. , page . s charter of the spect to any matter pending before the common council or such committee. sec. . any person may be required to take any oath or affirmation, under or by virtue of any provision of this act, who shall, under such oath or affirmation, in any state- ment or affidavit, or otherwise, willfully swear falsely as to any material fact or matter, shall be deemed guilty of per- jury. sec. . if any suit shall be commenced against any person elected or appointed under this act, to any office, for any act done or omitted to be done under such election or appointment, or against any person having done any thing or act by the command of any such officer, and if final judgment be rendered in such suit, whereby any such defendant shall be entitled to costs, he shall recover double costs, in the manner defined by law. sec . . the common council of said city is hereby authorized and required to perform the same duties in and for said city as are by law imposed upon the township boards of the several townships of this state, in relation to schools, school taxes, county and state taxes, and state, district and county elections; and the supervisors and as- sessors, justices of the peace and recorder, and all other officers of said city, who are required to perform the duties of township officers of this state, shall take the oath, give the bond, perform like duties, and receive the same pay and in the same manner, and be subject to the same liabil- ities, as provided for the corresponding township officers, excepting as is otherwise provided in this act, or as may be provided by the ordinances of the common council. sec . . the ordinances now in force in the city of ann arbor shall remain in force until repealed, altered or amended by the common council^ and all property, rights, credits, and effects of every kind, belonging to either of the corporations known as the village of ann arbor or of the city of ann arbor, shall be and remain the property of the said city of ann arbor. city of ann arbor. sec. . all acts heretofore enacted in regard to the .village of ann arbor, or the city of ann arbor, coming within the purview of this act, are hereby repealed: pro- vided, that the repealing of said acts aforesaid shall not affect any act already done, or any right acquired under, or proceeding had or commenced by virtue thereof, but the same shall remain as valid as if said acts remained in full force: and provided further, that all persons now hold- ing office in the city of ann arbor, under the acts hereby repealed, shal continue to hold and exercise the duties of such offices during the term for which they were respect- ively elected, unless by change of boundaries they shall cease to reside in the ward or district for which they were elected. sec. . this act shall not be construed so as to change, alter or annul any act heretofore passed for the organiza- tion or government of school district number one, of the city and township of ann arbor. sec. . this act shall be deemed a public act, and shall be favorably construed in all courts. sec. . this act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. to raise money for water-works. mine: provided, that said mayor, recorder and aldermen aforesaid shall not be authorized and empowered to issue said coupon bonds, or any part or number thereof, unless a majority of the taxpaying electors of said city of ann arbor, present and voting, shall, as provided in section three, title five, of the charter of said city, first determine the sum of money that shall be raised for the purpose aforesaid, and bonds issued therefor. sec. . it shall be the duty of the common council of said city to provide, by tax, for the payment of the in- terest accruing on the bonds issued under the provisions of this act, as the same shall become due, which tax shall be in addition to the taxes which the said common council are now, or may be hereafter, authorized to levy and collect; and it shall be the duty of the said common council to provide for the payment of the principal of said bonds, at the maturity thereof, by tax upon the taxable property in said city of ann arbor, to be levied and collected in man- ner provided in the charter of said city. sec. . the common council shall have power to con- struct such water-works, or they may authorize the same to be constructed by a company, and to aid such company by issuing to such company the city bonds aforesaid; but in such case the bonds aforesaid shall not be issued to such company exceeding one-half the cost of such water-works at the time of such issue, the cost of the works to be ascer- tained by three commissioners appointed by the circuit court for washtenaw county, upon petition presented by authority of said common council. sec. . fifteen per cent. of the amount of aid granted to any company shall be retained until the works are put in successful operation, and until the common council are satisfied that the company have, in good faith, performed their contract. approved april , . re-registration act. [no. , session laws .] an act to provide for a re-registration of electors in the city of ann arbor. section . the people of the state of michigan enact, that the board of registration of the city of ann arbor, as constituted by the provisions of "an act to further preserve the purity of elections and guard against the abuse of the elective franchise by a registration of electors," approved february fourteenth, eighteen hundred and fifty-nine, and by the provisions of the charter of said city, shall make a new and complete registration of the electors of said city, at sessions of said board, to be held in the several wards of said city, on the monday, tuesday and wednesday next proceeding the annual charter elec- tion, to be held on the first monday in april, eighteen hundred and seventy-five, and at such other times, not of- tener than every eighth year, as the common council of said city may direct; for which purpose the several ward boards shall be and remain in session from nine o'clock in the forenoon to one o'clock in the afternoon, and from three o'clock in the afternoon until seven o'clock in the after- noon of each day before named. notice of such sessions and re-registration shall be given, as provided in section two of the act above cited, and registration books of the form prescribed by statute, and now in use in said city, shall be provided under the direction of the common coun- cil. the rules and regulations prescribed in the act before cited shall be observed and carried out in making the re- registration hereby ordered, and when any registration re-registration act. shall have been completed under the provisions of this act, the registry books prior thereto in use in said city shall be deemed invalid, and no person shall vote at any public election in any ward of said city, after such re-registration, whose name shall not be entered in the new register made under the provisions of this act, or be afterwards properly entered in such new register, according to the provisions of the act aforesaid and of this act. sec. . sessions of the board of registration of said city shall be held in the several wards thereof on the tues- day preceding each general election of state and county officers, for the purpose of registering • new electors in the said ward registration books, in the manner prescribed in the aforesaid act, like notice to be given as provided by section six of said act, which sessions shall commence at nine o'clock in the forenoon and close at seven o'clock in the afternoon; and on the wednesday preceding such general election, the said board of registration shall hold a session at the common council room in said city, from nine o'clock in the forenoon until four o'clock in the afternoon, for the purpose of comparing, revising, correcting and completing the several ward registration lists. at such session, the presence of one alderman from each ward shall be necessary to constitute a quorum. applicants for reg- istration, being duly qualified electors, may register at such session, and the names of electors who have removed or died since the preceding election shall be erased with red ink, with the remark " dead," or " removed," with the date of erasure. if the name of any elector shall be erased by mistake, such elector may be re-registered on the day of election, as provided by section eighteen of the act herein- before cited. sec. . sessions of the board of registration shall be held in the several wards on the wednesday preceding each charter or special election, for new registration and correction of the registry books, such sessions to be noticed re-registration act. and conducted as provided by the act before cited, except that the erasure of the names of electors who have re- moved or died shall be made as provided in the preceding section. such sessions shall commence at nine o'clock in the forenoon and close at seven o'clock in the afternoon. sec. . whenever a new registration shall be ordered by the common council of said city, it shall be made in ac- cordance with the provisions of the first section of this act. sec. . this act shall take immediate effect. approved march , . city of ann arbor. or feet to be paved and the quantity of curbing to be placed upon each of the spaces caused by the intersection of streets, lanes or alleys which may be passed or crossed by such grading or paving, and having made the appor- tionment as hereinafter provided, shall state the sum of money which such person or set of persons shall be assessed for said grading or paving, and also ten cents for each de- scription to defray the expense of making such assessment, which said assessment roll shall be signed by the person making the same, and be presented to said common coun- cil within such time as the common council may direct. sec. . whenever all the proceedings directed in sec- tions two, three and four of this ordinance to be performed shall have been completed, "except having made the appor- tionment as hereinafter provided," and entering upon the assessment rolls " the sum of money which such person or set of persons shall be assessed for said grading or paving, and also ten cents for each description, to defray the ex- pense of making such assessment," and "before said as- sessment roll shall be signed by the person making the same, and be presented to said common council," as pro- vided in said section four, the common council shall by resolution direct the recorder to give notice by advertising in one or more newspapers published in said city, at least once in each week for two successive weeks, that sealed proposals will be received at his office during the time therein speciiied, for grading or paving such street, lane or alley, and furnishing materials therefor, including curbing, if any shall be required. such notice shall state the points or te'mini between which such grading or paving is to be done, and that the same will be made according to the specifications in the hands of the recorder: provided, that such specifications shall be made by some j)erson duly au- thorized by resolution of said common council and be sub- mitted to and be adopted by said common council at or be- fore the meeting at which the recorder shall be directed to advertise as aforesaid. the proposals shall state the price city of ann arbor. or alleys, within said local assessment or taxing district, according to the conditions of said contract, and shall make an apportionment thereof, of the amount which each lot, part of lot, or portion of real estate fronting upon said street, lane or alley ordered to be graded or paved as afore- said, shall be liable to pay for such grading or paving, ra- tably, according to the extent of front of each of such lot, part of lot, or portion of real estate within such assess- ment or taxing district, and shall state the sum apportioned to each, respectively, and in all respects complete said roll as provided in sections two, three and four of this ordi- nance. sec. . the recorder shall then make out a notice di- rected to the persons named in said assessment roll, and proposed to be assessed, notifying them that they are about to be assessed to defray the expense of grading or paving the street, lane or alley in front of and adjacent to certain premises owned by them in said city, and that a report or assessment roll made out in the premises is on file in the office of said recorder for inspection, and further notifying them of the time and place when the common council will meet and review said report or assessment, within thirty days after the date of said notice, and hear any objection which may be made thereto, which notice shall be pub- lished in all the newspapers printed in said city for at least two consecutive weeks. the common council shall at the time and place in said notice specified or at some session thereafter within the time above limited, take said assess- ment into consideration, and if no person appears to ob- ject to said roll and no good cause to the contrary appears, and an affidavit of publication of the requisite notice hav- ing been made by some one acquainted with the facts, said council shall, by a written resolution to be entered upon its journal, declare that it approves said report or assess- ment roll, that it receives as correct the description of the premises and the names of the individuals therein con- tained, and that the sum which said roll states to be the city of ann arbor. . sums of money by distress and sale of the goods and chattels which township treasurers have under the laws to collect state, county and township taxes. it shall be the duty of the treasurer upon the receipt of such warrant with the assessment roll attached, to collect the taxes therein mentioned, as herein specified, with all reasonable dili- gence. if any such sums in such assessment rolls shall remain unpaid, and the treasurer shall not be able to col- lect the same within the time limited by such warrant, the same proceedings shall be had in every respect for the sale or leasing of the lands described in said assessment for the non-payment of the tax thereon, as is provided by section two of an ordinance of the city of ann arbor, being "an ordinance relative to repairing and renewing sidewalks," made and passed in common council the fourth day of may, a. d. , in relation to the sale or leasing of lands for the non-payment of taxes therein mentioned, and the said lands may be redeemed in the same time, and shall bear the same rate of interest as in said section two provided, and in case of failure to redeem, the same proceedings shall be had for carrying any such sale into effect, as is likewise provided in said section two of said ordinance.* sec. . whenever, by mistake or otherwise, any person may be improperly designated as the owner or occu- pant of any lot, part of lot, or portion of real estate, in proceeding under this ordinance, or any other ordinance of said city, relative to taxes or assessments, the tax or as- sessment shall not for such cause be vitiated, but the same shall be a lien on such lot or premises, and collected as in ot her cases. sec. . any person or number of persons shall be allowed to grade and pave the street, lane or alley oppo- site to his, her or their property, where the same shall ex- tend from the intersection of one cross street to the inter- section of another: provided, that the same shall be done * as amended by ordinance passed dee. th, o. city of ann arbok. pended, upon any lot or from any building owned or occu- pied by such person, without permission for that purpose first obtained from the mayor or one of the aldermen of said city, any sign, show board, show bill, flag, or display of any kind whatsoever, whether of wood, cloth, paper, or other material, which shall extend from the front of said building or lot more than three feet over any public street of said city of ann arbor, shall, on conviction thereof be- fore any justice of the peace of said city, forfeit and pay for each offense a fine not exceeding twenty five dollars, besides costs of prosecution, and also a penalty of five dol- lars for each and every hour each board, bill, sign, flag or display shall remain after notice from the marshal of said city to remove the same. sec. . that any person who shall place or post upon any bridge within the corporate limits of the city of ann arbor any handbills, advertisements or posters, shall pay a fine not exceeding five dollars for each offense, and costs of prosecution, on conviction before any justice of the peace of said city, and on default of payment shall be committed to the common jail of said county for a period not exceeding ten days.. sec. . an ordinance entitled "an ordinance for the protection of bridges and streets," made and passed in common council december th, , and an ordinance entitled "an ordinance for the protection of bridges," made and passed in common council january th, , are hereby repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after legal publication. an okdinance relative to removing encroachments upon streets, alleys, and sidewalks. [passed august , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that it shall be unlawful for any person or persons hereafter to erect, build, construct, continue or city op ann akbor. ann arbor, so as to obstruct the free passage of said street; nor shall any person run or race any horse, or drive any horse or horses, or any carriage or vehicle, at a faster rate than six miles per hour in any of the streets of said city. any person offending against any of the provisions of this ordinance shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not ex- ceeding fifty dollars for each offense, or in default thereof, be imprisoned in the county jail not exceeding thirty days. an ordinance fob the protection of fruit, shade, and ornamental trees. [passed january , .j be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . any person, owning or occupying land adjoining any street not less than three rods wide, may plant or set out trees on the side of said street contiguous to his land, which shall be set out in regular rows, at a dis- tance of not less than six feet from each other, and ten feet from the margin of said street. sec. . no person, without the authority of the com- mon council, shall cut down, destroy, deface or injure any, tree that may have been heretofore planted, or shall be planted or set out, or which shall have been leffc'.|t;inding, or may now be standing, in any street, lane, alley or pub- he grounds in said city. sec . . it shall not be lawful for any person to hitch any horse, mare, mule, or other animal, to any fruit, shade or ornamental tree within the city of ann arbor. sec. . any violation of the provisions of section two of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine, to be im- posed by the justice of the peace trying the offender, of not less than twenty-five dollars, nor exceeding one hun- dred dollars, and in default of payment thereof, by impris- onment in the washtenaw county jail, or in the detroit house of correction, for any period of time not less than thirty days, nor more than ninety days. ordinances of the sec. . any violation of section three of this ordi- nance shall be punished by a fine, to be imposed by the justice of the peace trying the offender, of not less than ten dollars, nor more than twenty dollars, and in default of payment thereof, by imprisonment in the washtenaw county jail for a period of time not less than ten days, nor more than thirty days. sec. . an ordinance entitled "an ordinance rela- tive to the protection of shade and ornamental trees," made and passed in common council may , a. d. , is hereby repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after legal publication. an ordinance authorizing the regents of the univer- sity of michigan to lay water pipes or mains in the steets, lanes, and alleys. [passed march , .] whereas, the regents of the university of michigan have made application, by resolution, addressed to the common council of the city of ann arbor, for the privi- lege of laying down in the streets of said city water pipes, for the purpose of supplying said university with water; and whjlwas, it is by said council, after due consideration of such application, deemed expedient, rightful and proper to grant such privilege, under such reasonable reservations and restrictions as are hereinafter mentioned; therefore, be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, in common council assembled: that the regents of the university of michigan be, and they are hereby authorized, to lay down in, along and across the public streets, lanes and alleys of said city, all such water pipes or mains as may be necessary to properly supply the buildings and grounds belonging or appertain- ing to said university with water for protection against fire and for general use, and for that purpose to dig, trench and excavate in, along and across such public streets, lanes and city of ann arbor. alleys: provided, and this grant of authority is made, and is to be accepted, held and used only upon condition that the said regents shall not unnecessarily or unreason- ably obstruct or injure any street, sidewalk, crosswalk, lane or alley in trenching, digging or excavating for the purpose of laying water pipes or mains, and shall with reasonable diligence, and at their own charges, restore all such streets, sidewalks, crosswalks, lanes and alleys to as good a state of repair and condition as the same were in before disturbed by them, and shall at all times and in all respects fully indemnify and save harmless the city of ann arbor from and against all damages or costs which said city may incur or sustain by reason of any such trenching, digging, or excavating. an ormxaxce to prohibit the obstruction of streets by railroad cars, railroad trains, and locomo- tives. [passed july , s .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor:' section l that it shall be unlawful for any railroad company owning or operating a railroad running into or through the city of ann arbor, to leave any locomotive- engine, car or cars, or train of cars, or any portion of any train of cars, standing in, upon, or across any street of the city of ann arbor, for the space of more than five minutes at any one time, or to keep any such locomotive-engine, car or cars, or train of cars, running upon or across any street of said city of ann arbor, so as to obstruct the same, for a space of more than five minutes at any one time. s'.c . . even' railroad company running cars into or through said city, shall cause the bell of each locomotive- engine to be rung constantly while at or near the crossing of any street. sec. . any railroad company, engineer, conductor, fireman, or other person, owning or having charge of any locomotive-engine, car or cars, or train of cars, who shall ordinances of the violate any of the provisions of this ordinance, shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars, to be recovered before any justice of the peace of the city of ann arbor; and in the imposition of any such fine, the justice of the peace may make a fur- ther order, that in default of the payment of said fine within the time to be fixed by the justice in his sentence, the offender shall be committed to the county jail of washtenaw county for a period of time not exceeding sixty days. chapter ii. of sidewalks. an ordinance relative to sidewalks. [passed june , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . the sidewalks in the several streets in the city of ann arbor shall be, and are hereby established of the following width, to wit: on the east and west sides of main street, between catherine and williams streets; on the south side of huron street, between second street and fifth street; and on the north side of ann street, between main street and fourth street, the sidewalks shall be thir- teen feet in width; and in all other streets in said city the sidewalks shall be twelve feet in width: provided, that the common council may at any time, by resolution, order the sidewalks along any block or street in said city to be wider or narrower than above prescribed.* sec. . a space in front of the established line of all streets, not exceeding one-third the width of the sidewalk in such streets, as established by section one of this ordi- * as amended by ordinance passed june , . city of ann arbor. nance, shall be allowed for projections, and it shall not be lawful for any person to place or cause to be placed upon any sidewalk, lying outside the line allowed for projections as aforesaid, any box, barrel, article of merchandise, or other obstruction or incumbrance whatever, or suffer or permit any obstruction to a free passage over such side- walk to exist, by leaving open any passage-way to cellars, or otherwise, excepting so far as the same may be neces- sary and unavoidable in transporting articles across the sidewalk. sec. . no person shall place, put up, erect or sus- pend, or suffer to remain placed, put up, erected or sus- pended, from any building or upon any lot within the lim- its of this city, any sign, show board or show bills which shall extend from the front of such building or lot over the sidewalk more than three feet, nor shall such sign or show board be less than eight feet in height above the side- walk. sec. . all posts or railings put up in any street for the support of awnings, shall be placed on the established line between the sidewalk and street; nor shall any awn- ing, or the rails or boards used for connecting the awning posts with the buildings, be less than eight feet in height above the sidewalk. sec. . and to the end that there shall be and remain a free passage for all persons over and across the sidewalks of the city, for at least two-thirds the established width thereof from the outer line of the street, free from all ob- structions thereon, or passage-ways to cellars, or awnings or rails less than eight feet in height above the sidewalk, it shall be the duty of the marshal, upon knowledge or in- formation that any of the sidewalks lying outside the line allowed for projections as aforesaid are in any manner ob- structed or encumbered, to require the occupant or owner of the premises in front of which such obstruction or in- cumbrance exists, to remove the same; and if such occu- pant or owner shall neglect for the space of twenty-four s olldi nances of the hours to comply with such requisition, the marshal shall forthwith cause such obstruction or incumbrance to be re- moved: provided, that the provisions of this ordinance shall not be construed to apply to posts for awnings which are now standing, nor to shade trees or the boxes to pro- tect them, nor to obstructions necessarily occasioned by the erection or repairing of buildings; but in such case no person shall obstruct more than one-half of the street and one half of the sidewalk opposite the premises occupied by such person, without leave first obtained from the com- mon council. sec. . excepting for the purpose of ingress and egress to and from yards, across sidewalks, no person shall drive, ride, or lead, or suffer to remain, any horse, cart, wagon, carriage, or team of any kind, upon any of the sidewalks within the city of ann arbor; nor shall he leave any horse, team or vehicle standing on any of the crosswalks in said city; nor shall he ride or propel any velocipede or bicycle upon any of the sidewalks of said city.* sec. . that whenever the marshal shall, by virtue of any ordinance, have removed any timber, wood, stone, or other incumbrance from any of the streets, lanes, alleys or sidewalks of said city, he shall immediately give notice to the owner thereof, if to be found, that he can have the same by paying the expense of removing, together with the legal charges therefor; and if no owner can be found, he shall put up a notice as near as may be to the place from whence said obstruction was removed, and if no claimant shall appear and pay said expenses within three days from the date of said notice, the marshal shall pro- ceed to sell the same at public auction to the highest bid- der, first giving four days' notice of said sale by posting up five or more written or printed notices in conspicuous places, and shall immediately make return of the sale, to * as amended by ordinance passed june , . city of ann arbor. struct, repair or renew such portions of said sidewalk as have not been graded, constructed, repaired or renewed in accordance with said resolution and notice; and upon the completion of such work he shall make a report, in writ- ing, to the common council of said city, giving the descrip- tion of each lot or premises in front of which such side- walk was laid or repaired, and the name of the owner and occupant thereof, and the cost of grading, constructing, repairing or renewing such sidewalk in front of each one of such lots or premises. sec. . the common council of said city shall direct the cost of grading, constructing, repairing or renewing such sidewalk, to be paid out of the general fund, and shall, by resolution, charge and assess to each of said lots and premises the cost of grading, constructing, repairing or renewing so much of said sidewalk as is adjacent to and in front of said lot and premises. sec. . on or before the second monday of novem- ber of each year the city recorder shall make a report and certificate to the supervisor of the district in which the lot or lots and premises adjacent to which said sidewalks shall have been constructed, repaired or renewed, are located, setting forth a description of said lot or lots and premises, together with the name of the owner or owners and occu- pants, if known, and further showing the amount assessed to each of said lots and premises, which certificate shall notify and require said supervisor to levy the several sums so assessed by tax upon the lot or lots and premises to which they are respectively assessed, and add the same to his district tax roll for that year, unless otherwise directed by the common council. sec. . upon receiving said certificate, the said super- visor shall levy the sums therein mentioned upon the lot or lots and premises to which they are respectively charged and assessed, by adding such sums to the general city tax to be levied on such lot or lots and premises, against the owner or owners thereof, in his district tax roll for the cur- s ordinances of the rent year; and thereupon the amount so added shall be collected and enforced with and in the same manner as the tax to which it is added, and when collected shall be paid into the city treasury to the credit of the general fund. sec. . in case the tax assessed on any such lot or lots and premises charged with the expense of grading, constructing, repairing or renewing sidewalks as provided by this ordinance, shall not be paid or collected, and any such lot or lots and premises shall be returned for non- payment of such tax by the city treasurer, such lot or lots and premises, unless sooner redeemed, shall be sold there- for by the county treasurer at the annual sale of lands for delinquent taxes, and in the same manner as for other taxes as provided by law. sec. . no new sidewalk shall be constructed unless upon the application in writing of a majority of all the owners or occupants of the real estate which may be sub- ject to assessment for such sidewalk. sec. . chapter three of the revised ordinances of , of the city of ann arbor, entitled "an ordinance relative to improving sidewalks," and all amendments thereto, and an ordinance entitled "an ordinance rela- tive to repairing and renewing of sidewalks," passed september th, , and an ordinance entitled "an or- dinance relative to sidewalks," passed july th, , are hereby repealed. an ordinance relative to sidewalks and crosswalks. [passed january , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . no person shall permit any snow or ice to remain on the sidewalk in front of any house, building or lot occupied by him or her, or on the sidewalk in front of any unoccupied house, building or lot owned by him or her, within said city, longer than twenty-four hours after ordinances of the by the common council annually in the month of may, or as soon thereafter as may be, and shall hold their offices until the first day of may next ensuing their election, and until their successors are appointed. sec . . the chief engineer shall have full power, con- trol and command over all persons whatever, at any fire, except members of the common council; and in his ab- sence the assistant engineers shall perform his duties. in the absence of the chief and assistant engineers from any fire, the mayor, and in his absence, the recorder shall discharge the duties of chief engineer until the proper offi- cer shall arrive and assume the command. sec. . it shall be the duty of the chief engineer at all fires, to direct such measures as he may deem most proper for the speedy extinguishment of the fire. he shall also have the general supervision of the fire engines and other apparatus and property belonging to the fire depart- ment, and shall from time to time ascertain and report to the common council the repairs necessary to be made to keep the engines, hose, apparatus and property of the fire department in good repair and serviceable order. he shall also, as often as once in six months, report to the common council all accidents by fire that may happen in the city, with the cause thereof as near as can be ascertained, with the number and description of buildings destroyed or in- jured, and the names of the owners or occupants thereof, and the estimated loss of property at each fire. sec. . at every fire each fire warden shall report himself to the chief engineer or other officer in command, and shall be subject to his orders. it shall be the duty of the fire wardens at every fire to protect the hose, buckets and other property of the fire department from injury; to keep all idle and suspected persons from the fire and its vicinity; to form lines for the conveyance of water to the engines, and for that purpose they shall have authority to command all persons present to form lines or otherwise aid in supplying the engine with water; and if any person city of ann arbor. shall refuse to obey such order of the wardens, he may be immediately expelled from the vicinity of the fire. sec. . any person who shall at any fire wilfully re- sist, hinder or obstruct any officer or other person in the discharge of his duty at such fire, or who shall wilfully in- jure any hose ot apparatus belonging to the fire depart- ment, may be arrested and detained in custody by any fire warden until such fire is extinguished; and such person shall, for every offense, forfeit and pay a fine of ten dol- lars, and be liable to an action for the recovery of dam- ages. sec. . the aldermen of said city shall ex-officio be fire wardens, and any member of the common council may, at all fires exercise the same power and authority as is conferred upon fire wardens by sections four and five of this ordinance. sec. . the officers of any fire or hose company au- thorized by the common council shall consist of a fore- man, first and second assistant foreman four war- dens, a secretary, treasurer, and steward, and not less than fifty nor more than eighty men, and such other officers as the members thereof may see fit to elect. the members of said company shall elect their own officers at such time and in such manner as they shall think proper. they may adopt a constitution and pass by-laws for the government of the company, subject to the approval of the common council, and may impose and collect such fines for the non-attendance or neglect of duty of any mem- ber of the company as they may deem necessary and proper. sec. . it shall be the duty of every member of any fire company which is or may be formed in said city, upon the breaking out of any fire in said city, to repair immedi- ately upon the alarm thereof to their respective fire appa- ratus, and convey the same to the place where such fire shall happen, and under the direction of the chief engi- neer and their several officers to work and manage ordinances of the who shall aid of assist in the firing or causing to be fired any cannon within said city limits, and ev- ery person accessory before the fact to the firing of any cannon within said limits, shall forfeit and pay a fine of one hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in the common jail for the county of washtenaw for the term of thirty days, or shall be punished by both fine and im- prisonment; and in case of prosecution under this section, half of the fine collected of any such person shall be paid to the informer, who shall make complaint and institute such prosecution.* sec. . it shall not be lawful for any person hereaf- ter, without permission of the common council, to erect or place any building or part of a building on any part of a block fronting or cornering on the court house square, nor on any lot fronting on main street, or detroit street, be- tween north street and the michigan central railroad, in this city, unless such building or part of a building shall be constructed of stone or brick, with party or fire walls of the same material rising at least ten inches above the roof, if the same be covered with metal or slate, and if covered with wood, then at least two feet: provided., that nothing contained in this section shall be construed as pro- hibiting the erection within the limits aforesaid, of any building of wood which shall not be more than eight feet square, nor of any woodhouse for keeping and storing wood, which shall not exceed twenty feet in length, twelve feet in height, and twelve feet in width, nor of any barn which shall not exceed twenty-four feet in length, sixteen feet in width, and twelve feet in height from the common sur- face of the ground to the top of the plates, with roofs not to exceed one-quarter pitch, but such small building, wood- house or barn shall not be made to front on any street nor be less than thirty feet from the line thereof, except with the consent of the council (nor shall more than one such * as amended by ordinance passed july , fl . city of ass arbor. woodhouse or barn be allowed without such consent on any one lot or premises occupied as one tenement). no barn, privy, hog-pen, slaughter-house, or any other building which shall be used or occupied for any purpose liable tq prove detrimental to the public health, or a nuisance to the adjoining occupant or to the public shall be built fronts ing on any of the public streets of said city, nor within thirty feet from the line thereof.* sec. . if any person shall erect or put up any build- ing within the limits specified in section nine of this ordi- nance contrary to the provisions thereof, the owner or own- ers, builder or builders thereof, shall severally forfeit and pay a penalty, not exceeding fifty dollars for each offense, and also a penalty of twenty dollars for each and every week such building shall remain after notice from any mem< ber of the common council or fire warden to remove or al- ter the same. sec. . f an ordinance supplementary to an ordinance relative to the prevention of fires. [passed november , j be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that all the provisions of sections nine and ten of an ordinance entitled, " an ordinance relative to the prevention of fires," be, and the same are made to extend and apply to all lots or parts of lots fronting on detroit street, between north street and the michigan cen- tral railroad, in said city of ann arbor. sec. . it shall not be lawful for any person hereafter to erect or place any blacksmith shop or other building, which shall be used or intended to be used for any purpose of a character to occasion extraordinary danger or hazard * as amended by ordinance passed oct. . . t repealed by ordinanee passed july , . ordinances op the to adjacent owners or occupants by reason of fire, on any lot fronting or cornering on the court house square, or fronting on either huron street, main street or detroit street, in said city, cornering or fronting on or toward said square, or fronting on or towards either of said streets, or if made to front on any other street, within fifty feet of the corner of such other street and either of the aforesaid streets, or in any manner to construct or place any such shop or building that the direct or main entrance thereun- to shall be made or had from said square or from either of said streets. sec. . if any person shall erect or cause to be erected any building contrary to the provisions of the last preced- ing section, the owner or owners, builder or builders there- of, shall severally forfeit and pay a penalty, not exceeding fifty dollars for each offense, and also a penalty of twenty dollars for each and every week such building shall re- main after notice from any member of the common coun- cil or the fire warden of said city, to remove or change the location of the same. an ordinance amendatory of an ordinance relative to the prevention of fires. [passed october , . be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . it shall be the duty of the common coun- cil forthwith, and hereafter at the first regular meeting af- ter the annual charter election, in april of each year, to elect, by ballot, two members of the common council who with the chief engineer of the fire department shall consti- tute a board of inspectors of steam engines, whose term of office shall expire on the election of their successors. sec . . it shall be the duty of such board of inspec- tors to superintend the erection and arrangement of all steam engines with the limits of the city of ann arbor, city of ann akbor. to give such directions for the protection of the city from fire as they may deem necessary, and to determine the kind of buildings in which such engines may be placed, and to regulate all the appurtenances therewith in anywise belonging. sec. . it shall be the duty of such board of inspec- tors, whenever directed by the common council, forthwith to inspect and examine any steam engine or engines with- in the limits of the city of ann arbor, and to direct such alterations or improvements in the arrangement or man- ner of running the same to be made by the owner or pro- prietor thereof, as they shall deem proper for the better protection against fire, and such alteration or improvement shall be made within ten days after notice either upon the owner or proprietor, and at the expense of the party own- ing the same. sec. . it shall be unlawful hereafter for any person to erect within the limits of the city of ann arbor any steam engine, until application, in writing, has been made to the common council of said city, and their consent there- to obtained. if such consent shall be obtained, such steam engine shall be erected under the superintendence of such board of inspectors, and under such restrictions and upon such conditions as either the common council or the board of inspectors may impose. sec. . any person or persons who shall use any steam engine, or allow the same to be used, contrary to the pro- visions of section two of this ordinance, or who shall erect any steam engine, in violation of section four of this ordi- nance, shall, upon conviction, be punished by a fine, not exceeding one hundred dollars and all costs of prosecu- tion. an ordinance relative to smoke-stacks. [passed december , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that no person shall use or permit to be used within the corporate limits of the city of ann arbor, ordinances of the relating to the police or interests of the city, or to any breach of the laws or ordinances. sec. . the chief of police shall have power to pro- mulgate such orders to the policemen as he may deem proper, and it shall be the duty of the policemen to render to him and his orders implicit obedience, but such orders shall be in writing and in conformity to the law and to the rules and regulations of the common council. sec. . any member of the police of the city of ann arbor for intoxication, wilful disobedience of orders, inde- cent, profane, or harsh language or conduct, disrespect to a superior, unnecessary violence to any prisoner or citizen, neglect in paying his just debts for rent or necessaries, or any breach of the rules and regulations prescribed by the common council for the government of the police of the city of ann arbor, shall be subject to reprimand, suspen- sion, reduction from his pay or dismissal, according to the nature or aggravation of his offense. sec . . this ordinance shall take immediate effect. an ordinance relative to the punishment op idle and disorderly persons. [passed june , u be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that any person or person who may com- mit a breach or disturbance or the public peace, or shall by noise otherwise, disturb any meeting within said city of ann arbor, shall, on conviction thereof before any justice of the peace in said city, be punished by a fine, not ex- ceeding twenty dollars and costs of prosecution, and may be imprisoned, not exceeding ten days, or both, at the dis- cretion of said justice. sec . . any vagrant, lewd, idle or disorderly person, or any person intoxicated or drunk with liquors of any kind, common night-walkers, pilferers, or any person wan- city of ann arbor. ton, lascivious, obscene or vulgar of speech, conduct or be- havior, common, railers or brawlers, shall, upon conviction before any justice of the peace, be punished by fine, not exceeding twenty-five dollars and costs of suit, or be im- prisoned, not exceediug thirty days, or both, at the discre- tion of the justice.* sec. . it shall be the duty of the marshal to arrest all persons who may be found intoxicated within this city, and all persons offending under this act, and without unrea- sonable delay, bring him, her, or them before a justice of the peace in said city for trial, and if in the opinion of said justice, any person brought before him is unfit, by reason of intox- ication, to be tried immediately, it shall be his duty to or- der such person to be committed to the county jail for such time as he may judge necessary, not exceeding forty-eight hours, previous to trial. an ordinance relative to breaches of the peace and disorderly conduct. [passed august , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . any person who may hereafter be found lurking, lying in wait or concealed in any house or other building, or any yard or premises within the limits of the city of ann arbor, with intent to do any mischief, or to pilfer, or commit any crime or misdemeanor whatever, shall, for every such offense, on conviction thereof, be pun- ished by a fine, not exceeding one hundred dollars, or im- prisonment in the county jail, not exceeding thirty days, or both, at the discretion of the court, and may, moreover, be held to bail for good behavior. sec. . any person who shall make, aid, countenance or assist in making, any noise, riot, disturbance, charivari, * as amended by ordinance passed june , . ordinances of the by blowing horns, ringing bells, or other improper diver- sion or noise, or who shall be guilty of any indecent, im- moral or insulting conduct, language or behavior in the streets or elsewhere in said city, and all persons who shall collect in bodies or crowds in said city for unlawful pur- poses, to the annoyance or disturbance of the citizens or travelers, or so as to impede the free passage of any street or sidewalk in said city, shall for each offense, on convic- tion thereof, be liable to the punishment mentioned in the foregoing section. sec. . any person or persons who shall, within the limits of said city, keep a disorderly or ill-governed house or place, or a house or place for the resort of persons of evil name or fame, or of dishonest conversation, or who shall procure, or suffer to come together at such house or place, persons of evil name or fame, or who shall commit or suffer to be committed therein, any immoral, indecent, or improper conduct or behavior; or any tippling, revel- ing, prostitution, rioting or disturbance, every person or persons so offending, or who shall aid or assist in any man- ner, in offending in the premises, shall, on conviction there- of, be liable to the punishment mentioned in the first sec- tion of this ordinance. sec. . no person shall raise or fly any kite in any of the streets of lanes or alleys, or within the limits of the city of ann arbor, under a penalty for each offense not exceeding twenty dollars, or confinement in the county jail, not exceeding ten days, and costs of prosecution. sec. . no person or persons shall, unless especially authorized by the common council, dig, remove or carry away any earth, loam, sand, gravel or sod, from any of the streets, lanes or alleys, or public grounds, within the lim- its of the said city, under a penalty for each offense, not exceeding fifty dollars and costs of prosecution. sec. . it shall not be lawful for any person to leave any cart, wagon, carriage or sleigh, wood, timber, or any other incumbrance or obstruction in any of the streets, ordinances of the trate, or commit them for safe keeping in any safe place in said city, until nine o'clock the next day, unless that shall be sunday, in which case he shall be committed un- til monday, and then bring him before a magistrate for ex- amination. an ordinance relative to disorderly conduct. [passed february , .] be it ordained by the mdyor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . if any person shall on the arrival or de- parture of any railroad cars at or from said city, or for the period of thirty minutes after the arrival or before the de- parture of said cars, and within twenty rods of the place where said cars have or are about to stop or depart from said city, make, aid, countenance, or assist in making any loud or boisterous noise, disturbance or improper diversion, or shall be guilty of any indecent, immoral, obscene or in- sulting conduct, language or behavior, such person shall for every such offense, upon conviction thereof, be fined in a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars and costs of prosecution, or be confined in the county jail not exceeding sixty days. sec. . if any person shall, during the night time, re- move any boxes, barrels, wood, lumber, stones, or any other thing, not his own, from any of the sidewalks, yards or buildings into any of the streets, lanes or alleys of said city, or upon the premises of any other person, such per- son shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined in a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars and costs of prosecution, or be confined in the county jail not exceeding sixty days. sec. . in all cases where prosecutions are commenced under any of the ordinances of said city, the magistrate before whom the same shall be tried may, in his discretion, ordinances of the drivers of baggage wagons act as porters or runners for any hotel in said city.* sec . . it shall be unlawlul for any person or persons driving a baggage wagon, or any one accompanying the the same, to solicit passengers or travelers, when at said passenger depot or where passenger trains may be stand- ing. sec. . it shall be unlawful for any person or persons soliciting passengers or travelers to do so in a boisterous or noisy manner, or treat them in any other way than civilly and gentlemanly. sec. . any violation of the provisions of this ordi- nance shall be punished by a fine of not less than five dol- lars, nor more than twenty dollars; and in default of the payment thereof by imprisonment in the washtenaw county jail for a period not less than ten days, nor for a period over thirty days. sec. . ordinance no. , relative to regulating hacks, carriages and omnibuses, passed in common council, oc- tober , a. d. , and ordinance no. , being an ordi- nane amendatory of ordinance no. , passed in common council, june a. d. , and ordinance no. , being an ordinance amendatory of ordinances nos. and , made and passed in common council may , a. d. , are here- by repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take immediate effect from and after legal publication. an ordinance relative to hack and omnibus drivers. [passed december , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor:: section . it shall hereafter be unlawful tor any hack, carriage or omnibus driver, or any other person soliciting * as amended by ordinance passed deo. , . city of ann arbor. passengers or travelers at the depot of the toledo and ann arbor railroad, in the city of ann arbor, to solicit passen- gers or travelers, except at the steps of their respective vehicles, stationed on the south side of washington street, between the office of the toledo and ann arbor railroad company and the track of said railroad in said city, at which location all persons so soliciting are hereby required to be at their respective hacks, carriages or omnibuses on the arrival of passenger trains, and there to remain during the stay of said passenger trains at said depot, and for the period of two minutes after the departure of said passen- ger trains from said depot. no person shall act or engage in the business of a public porter or runner for any hotel in the city of ann arbor, nor shall any omnibus agent, or any omnibus, hack or carriage driver, or drivers of baggage wagons, act as porter or runner for any hotel in said city. sec. . it shall be unlawful for any person or persons driving a baggage wagon, or any one accompanying the same, to solicit passengers or travelers when at said pas- senger depot, or where passenger trains may be standing. sec. . it shall be unlawful for any person or persons | soliciting passengers or travelers to do so in a boisterous or noisy manner, or treat them in any other way than civilly and gentlemanly. sec . . anv person or persons violating any of the provisions of this ordinance, or failing to comply with the provisions and requirements of the same, shall, on convic- tion, be punished by a fine, not exceeding twenty-five dol- lars, to be recovered before any justice of the peace of the city of ann arbor, and in the imposition of any such fine the justice of the peace may make a further order that in default of the payment of said fine within the time to be fixed by the justice in his sentence, the offender shall be committed to the county jail of washtenaw county, for a period of time not exceeding thirty days. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and af- ter legal publication. city of ann arbor. ing section, be destroyed by the marshal of the city of ann arbor, under the order of the mayor of said city. and if the marshal shall refuse or neglect to obey such orders, or if he returns to the owners any instrument ordered to be destroyed, or uses, sells, or in any other manner disposes of the same, save in accordance with the said order, he shall be fined one hundred dollars for each and every offense. sec. . if any person shall make complaint before any justice of the peace of said city, that he suspects or has probable cause to suspect that any house or other building is used for the purpose of gaming for money, and that persons resort to the same for the purpose of gaming therein, the said justice shall issue a warrant, commanding the marshal or any deputy marshal of said city to enter into such house or building, and there to arrest all persons who shall there be found playing for money, and also the keepers of said house or building, and to take into their cus- tody all the instruments of gaming there found, and to bring said persons and instruments before said justice, to be dealt with according to law. an ordinance to prevent the violation of the sabbath. [passed january , .j be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that no person shall keep open or permit to be kept open his or her store, ordinary, saloon, bar-room, beer-hall, restaurant, pleasure garden, victualing house, billiard room, ball alley, grocery, barber shop, or other place of business, pleasure or amusement, or give or make or be present at or take part in or permit on any premises occupied by him or her, any public diversion, show, theat- rical representation, ball, dance, game, or play, on the first day of the week, called the sabbath or sunday. ordinances of the this section shall not be construed to prevent drug- gists from furnishing medicines and prescriptions, nor to prevent the furnishing of meals and lodgings to travelers and boarders. but nothing herein contained shall author- ize the furnishing of intoxicating liquors to any person. sec . . any violation of the provisions of this ordi- nance shall be punished by a fine not less than ten dol- lars, nor exceeding one hundred dollars, or by imprison- ment in the washtenaw county jail, or in the detroit house of correction, for a term not exceeding ninety days. sec. . an ordinance entitled " an ordinance for the preservation of order and quiet in the city of ann arbor," made and passed september fourth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, is hereby repealed, but such repeal shall not effect any act done or proceedings commenced, or any pen- alty or fine incurred or imposed thereunder. sec . . this ordinance shall take immediate effect. an ordinance to prevent the sale of intoxicating drinks to students and minors. [passed nov. , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that it shall not be lawful for any person, by himself, his clerk or agent, to permit any student in at- tendance at any public or private institution of learning in the city of ann arbor, or any minor, to play at cards, dice, billiards, or any game of chance in any part of any building in which spirituous liquors or intoxicating drinks are sold, nor shall it be lawful for any person by himself, his clerk or agent, to sell or give to any student in attend- ance at any public or private institution of learning in said city, or any minor, any spirituous or intoxicating drinks, except when prescribed by a regular physician for medical purposes, and any person who shall offend against either city of ann arbor. of the foregoing provisions of this ordinance shall be deemed to have been guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, shall be fined twenty dollars and costs of prosecu- tion, and in default of payment thereof, shall be imprisoned in the county jail, not exceeding sixty days. sec. . this ordinance shall be published for two weeks successively in the michigan argus and peninsu- lar courier and family visitant, the two newspapers pub- lished in said city of ann arbor, and shall take effect at the expiration of fifteen days after the first insertion in said papers. an ordinance to preserve public peace and good order. [passed september , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that no person shall keep open or permit to be kept open his or her store, ordinary, saloon, bar-room, beer hall, restaurant, pleasure garden, victualing house, billiard room, ball alley, grocery, barber shop or other place of business, pleasure or amusement, before the hour of six o'clock in the morning or after the hour of ten o'clock inthe evening of any day in the week. this section shall not be construed to apply to tele- graph and railroad offices, printing establishments, manu- facturing establishments driven b^ water or steam power, and livery stables, nor to public lectures, meetings, balls, dances, and musical concerts at which the public at large are accustomed to attend, nor to public shows and exhibi- tions that shall be duly licensed by authority of the com- mon council, nor to prevent druggists from furnishing medicines and prescriptions, nor to prevent the furnishing of meals and lodgings to travelers and boarders. but nothing herein contained shall authorize the furnishing of intoxicating liquors to any person. city of ann arbor. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and af- ter legal publication. an ordinance relative to a public market. [passed september , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . the space of ground being seventy-four feet in width on the west side of block number one, north of huron street, and range three east, is hereby declared to be a public market, and shall constitute and be known as the city market. sec . . the common council may, from time to time, establish in addition to the said market, such other public markets as the convenience and necessities of the city may require. sec . . it shall be the duty of the mayor to appoint a committee on markets, and said committee shall have power, and it shall be the duty of said committee to make rules and regulations for the government of the public markets of said city. sec . . the public markets of the city shall be kept open every day, sundays excepted, for such hours as may, from time to time, be fixed by the committee on markets. sec . . no person within any of the public markets of said city, shall be guilty of any lewd, lascivious or dis- orderly conduct, or make any loud or boisterous noises, or use any profane or vulgar language, or do any act which is calculated to lead to a breach of the peace, or which tends to disturb the good order or decorum of the place. sec . , no person shall kill or slaughter within the limits of any public market in said city, any beast; or gut or cleanse any fish, or lay, or throw, or deposit any dirt, filth or offal therein. sec . . no person shall sell at auction any goods, wares, or merchandise, or furniture of any kind, within the ordinances of the limits of any public market in said city during market hours. sec. . all persons selling, or offering for sale, from wagons, carts, or other vehicles, any fish, hay, straw or wood, within the limits of the space bounded on the south by william street, on the west by first street, on the east by division street, and on the north by north street, shall occupy and stand with their teams on the space of ground by this ordinance constituted and known as the city market. sec. . all drays, carts, wagons, or other vehicles used for the transportation of goods, merchandise, and other wares, plying i'or hire within the limits of said city, shall, while waiting for employment, occupy the following stand and no other, that is to say: the space of ground by this ordinance constituted and known as the city market. sec. . any violation of the provisions of this ordi- nance shall be punished by a fine, to be imposed by the justice of the peace trying the offender, i f not less than two dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars, or, in the discretion of said justice, by imprisonment in the washtenaw county jail for a term not less than ten days, nor exceeding thirty days. sec . . this ordinance shall take immediate effect. an ordinance prohibiting the sale, circulation or printing of obscene, immoral, indecent and scanda- lous books, papers, or prints within the city of ann arbor. [passed january , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . it shall be unlawful within the city of ann arbor, for any person, firm or corporation, to print, publish, sell, offer for sale, give away, circulate or distrib- ute any book, pamphlet, ballad, printed paper, or other thing, containing obscene, immoral, indecent or scandalous city of ann arbor. ill language, or obscene prints, pictures, figures or descrip- tions, or articles or advertisements of a scandalous, inde- cent or immoral nature, tending to the corruption of the morals of the residents of said city; or to introduce into any family, schools or place of education, or to buy, pro- cure, receive, or have in his possession any such book, pamphlet, ballad, printed paper, or other thing, either for the purpose of sale, exhibition, loan or circulation, or with intent to introduce the same into any family, school, or place of education. sec. . any person who shall violate any of the pro- visions f this ordinance shall be punished by a fine to be imposed by the justice of the peace trying the offender, of not less than ten, nor more than one hundred dollars, or, in the discretion of said justice, by imprisonment in the washtenaw county jail, for a period of not less than one month nor more than ninety days, sec. &> this ordinance shall be published for two weeks successively in the michigan argus, a newspaper published in the city of ann arbor, and shall take effect at the expiration of fifteen days after the first insertion in said paper. chapter v. of public health. an ordinance for the establishment and regulation of a board of health of the city of ann arbor, passed november , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ana arbor: section . that the board of health instituted by and appointed under resolution of said common council on ordinances of the the sixth day of november instant, and any other board of health which may hereafter be appointed for said city, shall have and exercise all the power and perform all the duties conferred upon or required of a board of health, by the provisions of chapter thirty-seven of the compiled laws of the state of michigan, and any act or acts of the legislature amendatory thereof or supplementary thereto. sec. . every person in default or offending against any of the lawful regulations or requirements of any such board of health, shall be punished, forfeit and pay accord- ing to the provisions of said chapter, and the act or acts aforesaid, respecting his or her default or offense. sec. . the city marshal, justices of the peace, and constables of said city shall respectively have and exercise within said city all such jurisdiction and powers and dis- charge all such duties appertaining to the objects, acts and doings of said board of health, as are conferred upon or required respectively of the sheriff of the county, justices of the peace, and constables, by the provisions of said chapter; and the said act or acts, and all the acts and do- ings of said board of health, and the officers, agents and servants employed by them, and the proceedings to en- force these requirements, or carry out the objects of their appointment, shall, as nearly as may be, conform to and be regulated and governed by the provisions of said chap- ter thirty-seven of the compiled laws of the state of michigan, and the acts of the legislature amendatory and supplementary thereto. an ordinance to abate and remove nuisances and pre- serve health. tpassed march , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder,and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that no person shall by himself or by an- other throw, place, deposit or leave in or upon any street, highway, lane, alley, sidewalk, public space or square ordin ances of the sec. . no distiller, brewer, soap boiler, tallow chand- ler, dyer, machinist, or other person, shall himself, or by another, discharge out of or from any still house, brewery, soap or candle factory, dye-house, work-shop, factory, ma- chine shop, tannery, dwelling-house, kitchen or other building, any foul or nauseous liquid, water, or other sub- stance, into or upon any highway, sidewalk, street, lane, alley, public space or square, or into any adjacent lot or grounds in said city. sec. . no person shall keep, place or have on or in any private house, lot or premises in said city, any dead carcass, putrid, offensive or unsound beef, pork, fish, hides, skins, bones, horns, stinking or rotten soap grease, tallow, offal, garbage, or other animal or vegetable matter or sub- stance, which may cause any unwholesome, noisome, or offensive smell. sec. . when any dumb animal shall die within the limits of said city, the owner or person in possession of it shall, within twelve hours thereafter, cause the carcase to be removed to the place provided by the common council, or beyond the city limits. sec. . no owner or occupant of any grocery, cellar, tallow chandler's shop, soap, candle, starch, or glue fac- tory, butcher's shop, slaughter-house, stable, barn, privy, sewer, or other building or place, shall allow any nuisance to exist or remain on his or her premises. sec. . no person shall himself, or by another, wash or clean any carriage or horse on any street, sidewalk, or other public space, nor suffer the water used for such pur- poses to flow over any sidewalk, street, or public space. sec. . the keeper of any livery or other stable shall keep the stable and stable-yard clean, and shall not per- mit, between the first day of june and the first day of no- vember, more than two cart-loads of manure to accumu- late in or near the same at any one time. secs. and . * * repealed by ordinance passed november , . ordinances of the perfectly tight and covered, so as to prevent the contents thereof from leaking or spilling, and such cart, wagon, or other vehicle, when not in use, shall not be allowed to stand in any highway, street, lane, alley, public space, or square. sec. . any violation of the provisions of this ordi- nance shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten dol- lars nor exceeding one hundred dollars, or by imprison- ment in the washtenaw county jail or the detroit house of correction for a term not exceeding ninety days. sec. . an ordinance of said city entitled "an or- dinance relative to nuisances," made and passed june , , is hereby repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after its passage. an ordinance to preserve the statistics of the city of ann arbor in regard to the public health. [passed february , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that it shall be the duty of all practicing physicians in the city of ann arbor, on the first days of january, april, july, and october, in each and every year, to report in writing, to the board of health of the city of ann arbor, a true statement of the number of cases of small-pox, cholera, scarlet fever, typhoid fever, measles and whooping-cough occurring each month during the past quarter, upon which they have been the attending physi- cians; also, the number of deaths resulting from each of said diseases. sec. . that all undertakers, and other persons, who shall furnish any coffins or caskets within which to inter the dead within the limits of the city of ann arbor, or within which the dead are to be removed from the limits of said city, shall first obtain a written permit from the president, acting-president, or secretary of the board of city of ann arbor. and on the east by a line drawn parallel to the west boun- dary line of said city, and at the distance of one mile therefrom; also that portion of said city bounded on the east by state street, on the west by main street, on the south by the south boundary line of said city, and on the * north by a line drawn parallel to said south boundary line and at a distance of seventy-five rods therefrom; except- ing from both the above described parcels of land those portions thereof which lie within thirty rods of any public street or highway in said city. and it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to keep, maintain or use any slaughter-house within the corporate limits of the said city of ann arbor except within the limits above desig- nated as the location of slaughter-houses in said city. and if any person or persons shall keep, maintain or use any slaughter-house within the corporate limits of the city of ann arbor, except within the limits above designated as the location of slaughter-houses in said city, such person or person shall be deemed guilty of a violation of the pro- visions of this ordinance; and any building or part of a building in which any slaughtering is done for other than the family use of the person or persons slaughtering, shall be deemed a slaughter-house within the meaning of this ordinance.* sec. . for each and every day's violation of the pro- visions of this ordinance, the offender shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars, and not ex- ceeding one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the washtenaw county jail for a term of not less than thirty days nor exceeding ninety days, in the discretion of the justice trying the offender.f sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after its legal publication. * as amended by ordinance passed nov. , . t as amended by ordinance passed nov. , . ordinances of the chapter vi. of licenses. an ordinance fob the issue of licenses. tpassed may , .] be it ordained by the mayor, becorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . no person except the recorder, and in his absence the mayor, shall be authorized to issue any license in pursuance of any ordinance made by the common coun- cil of the city of ann arbor, unless otherwise ordered by the common council; and he shall make and keep a cor- rect register of all licenses issued, which license shall state the consecutive numbers thereof, the name of the person to whom issued and for what purpose, the date of issue, the time of expiration, and the amount paid into the city treasury; all of which shall be entered upon the register aforesaid, provided for that purpose, and no license shall be deemed valid unless signed by the mayor or recorder as aforesaid; and for each license issued and registered as aforesaid the recorder shall receive the sum of fifty cents, to be paid by the person to whom said license is granted, which sum shall be paid in addition to the amount paid into the city treasury, and shall be and constitute a part of the amount paid for said license. sec . . all licenses, unless revoked by the common council, shall continue in force until the first day of may next ensuing the date thereof, unless otherwise expressly stated in said license, and in no case shall any license pur- porting to continue in force beyond the first day of may next ensuing the date thereof, be deemed valid. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after its passage. ordinances of the tice, be discharged by tbe marshal, if he shall pay to the city treasurer such sum as the officers authorized to grant a license shall direct, with costs. an ordinance relative to hawkers and peddlers. [passed may , h .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . no person shall follow the business or oc- cupation of a hawker or peddler within the limits of the city of ann arbor without a license from the recorder. sec. . the recorder is hereby authorized to issue a license to any person to follow the business or occupation of a hawker or peddler, on his paying into the city treas- ury the sum prescribed in the next section. sec. . any person soliciting a license as a peddler, shall pay therefor as follows: if he intends to travel on foot, three dollars for the first day, and two dollars for each subsequent day. if he intends to travel with one horse, or other animal, the sum of ten dollars for the first day, and five dollars for each subsequent day. if he intends to travel with two or more horses, or other animals, fifteen dollars for the first day, and ten dollars for each subse- quent day, and the recorder's fee: provided, that no license under this section shall be issued for a longer per- iod than thirty days, and each renewal shall be deemed and considered a new license. this ordinance shall not apply to citizens of ann arbor who are selling articles of their own manufacture.* . sec. . this ordinance is not intended to apply to any mechanic of this state, selling or offering for sale any arti- cle of his own manufacture or construction, nor to any person selling or offering for sale any wholesome meats by the quarter, poultry, ice, vegetables, berries, fruit, butter, eggs, or other provisions. * as amended by ordinance passed may , . city of ann arbor. sec. . any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed fifty dollars and costs, to be recovered before any justice of the peace of said city; and in the imposition of any fine and costs, the said justice of the peace may make a further sentence, that in default of the payment of such fine or costs, the offender may be imprisoned in the de- troit house of correction, or the county jail, for any period of time not exceeding ninety days. sec. . all ordinances and parts of ordinances incon- sistent with this ordinance, are hereby repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after its passage. an ordinance regulating the use op the public streets and other public spaces by persons known as boot- blacks and news-boys, in plying their trade or business. [passed january , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, as follows: section . no boy or boys, or other person, known as "bootblacks" or as "newsboys," shall ply their trade or business in any of the streets, avenues, parks, or other public spaces within the city of ann arbor, without a per- mit from the recorder, countersigned by the mayor, as hereinafter provided. sec. . the recorder is hereby authorized to grant permits in writing to the class of persons known as " boot- blacks" and "newsboys," to ply their trade or business in the streets, avenues, parks, or other public spaces of this city. no permit granted under this ordinance shall last for a period longer than the first monday in june then next following. sec . it is hereby made the duty of the recorder to furnish to each person to whom a permit is granted a num- ber made of tin or other metal; he shall endorse such ordinances of the number upon the permit, and shall keep a correct record of the name of each person to whom a permit is granted, with his place of residence, the trade or business he is per- mitted to pursue under this ordinance, and the number with which he is supplied. he shall collect the sum of ten cents from each person to whom the number herein provided for is issued. sec. . each person to whom a number is issued un- der the preceding section of this ordinance, shall, while plying his trade or business, wear said number on the front of his hat or cap, or on the breast of his coat, so that the same may be plainly seen. sec . . the mayor, the recorder, and the common council, or either of them, may revoke the permit herein provided for, and it shall be deemed a sufficient cause for such revocation that the person whose permit is revoked has been guilty of using indecent or profane language or of committing any act of a disorderly or dishonest nature; and the permit issued any "newsboy" may be revoked as aforesaid if he shall sell, or offer for sale, circulate, or de- liver, or cry any newspaper, pamphlet, magazine or printed matter within said city, the sale or circulation of which, within said city, may be or shall have been prohibited by the resolution of the common council. sec. . any violation of, or failure to comply with, any of the provisions of this ordinance, shall be punished by a fine, to be imposed by the justice of the peace trying the offender, not to exceed ten dollars, or, in the discretion of the said justice, by imprisonment in the washtenaw county jail for a period of time not exceeding thirty days. sec. . this ordinance shall be published for two weeks successively in the michigan argus, a newspaper published in the city of ann arbor, and shall take effect at the expiration of fifteen days after the first insertion in said paper. ordinances of the sec. . no drayman, or person having a dray in charge, shall drive or back the same on any sidewalk, or stop the same on any crosswalk, so as to obstruct or hinder travel, or place the same crosswise of any street, except in loading and unloading, and not then for a greater length of time than is necessary for such purpose. sec. . it shall not be lawful for any drayman or other person having charge of a dray, to be away from such dray while the same is moving or passing along any street, and the draymen or persons having charge of drays shall, while waiting for employment, be on or near their drays; and they shall not snap or flourish their whips, or use any rude or boisterous language or conversation, so as to be an annoyance to persons passing the street. sec . . it shall be the duty of the marshal and his deputies, and it shall be permitted any person, to make complaint for any violation of the provisions of this ordi- nance. sec. . any violation of, or failure to comply with, the provisions of this ordinance, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed seventy-five dollars and costs, to be re- covered before any justice of the peace of the city of ann arbor; and in the imposition of any such fine and costs the said justice of the peace may make a further sentence that in default in the payment thereof within the time fixed in such sentence, the offender be committed to the detroit house of correction or the county jail for a period of time not exceeding ninety days. sec. . so much of an ordinance entitled "an or- dinance relative to hacks, cabs, drays, and other vehi- cles," as relates to drays, and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances inconsistent with the provisions of this, are hereby repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after its passage. city of ann arbor. an ordinance relative to hackney carriages and om- nibuses. [passed may , . j be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . every public carriage, cab, coach, hack or other vehicle drawn by one or more horses or other ani- mals, which shall be kept, used, driven or employed to convey any person or persons from place to place within the limits of the city of ann arbor, or to carry any per- son or persons by the hour in said city, for hire, shall be deemed a "hackney carriage" within the meaning of this ordinance. sec. . no person shall hire, or keep for hire, within the limits of the city of ann arbor, any hackney carriage or omnibus without a license therefor from the recorder. sec. . the recorder is hereby authorized to issue licenses, for the purpose aforesaid, to any resident of the city of ann arbor of the age of twenty-one years or up- wards, of good moral character, upon his paying into the city treasury the sum of one dollar and the recorder's fee, and to any person, a non-resident of the city of ann ar- bor, of twenty-one years or upwards, of good moral char- acter, upon his paying into the city treasury the sum of nine dollars and fifty cents, and the recorder's fee, for each hackney carriage or omnibus kept as aforesaid, and exe- cuting a bond to the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, in the penal sum of one hundred dol- lars, with one or more sureties, to be approved by the common council of said city, conditioned for a faithful ob- servance of the charter and ordinances of said city, and that he will pay all fines, penalties, costs and damages for which he may become liable on account of such hackney carriage or omnibus, under his license as aforesaid; and such license shall state the number of each hackney car- riage or omnibus, with the name of the person to whom granted. ordinances of the tional passenger twenty-five cents. for the use by the day of such conveyance, ten dollars per day. for each trunk, fifteen cents; but no charge shall be made for any bag, valise or bundle weighing less than fifty pounds. when a hackney carriage or omnibus is used between the hours of eleven o'clock p. m. and five o'clock a. m., it shall be lawful to demand and receive for the same services double the rates prescribed above. any disagreement as to time and rates shall be determined by the mayor, whose decision shall be final. sec. . there shall be fixed in every hackney car- riage or omnibus licensed under this ordinance, and in such manner as to be conveniently read by any person in the same, a card containing the name of the owner of such conveyance, the number of the conveyance, and the whole of section twelve of this ordinance, printed in plain, legi- ble characters. the said card shall be furnished by the city of ann arbor, and be given to any licensed owner or driver who may apply for the same. any driver who shall drive a hackney carriage or omnibus without such a card being placed therein, and any owner who shall neglect to place such a card in his conveyance, shall be punished as hereinafter provided. sec. . this ordinance shall apply to any carriage or omnibus which may at at any time be placed upon a pub- lic stand, for public hire, and to all omnibuses or carriages kept by hotel or livery stable keepers for the purpose of carrying passengers for hire, to or from the railroad depot or other places in said city, or for carrying any person or persons by the hour in said city. sec. . any violation of, or failure to comply with, the provisions of this ordinance, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed seventy-five dollars and costs, to. be re- covered before any justice of the peace in the city of ann arbor; and in the imposition of any such fine and costs the said justice of the peace may make a further sen- tence, that, in default in the payment thereof within the city of ann arbor. time to be fixed in such sentence, the offender be commit- ted to the detroit house of correction or to the county jail for any period of time not exceeding ninety days. sec. . so much of an ordinance entitled "an or- dinance relative to hacks, cabs, drays, and other vehi- cles," as relates to the subject matter contained in this ordinance, or parts of ordinances inconsistent with the provisions of this, are he/eby repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall be published for two weeks successively in the ann arbor democrat, a news- paper published in the city of ann arbor, and shall take effect at the expiration of fifteen days after the first inser- tion in said paper. . . chapter vii. op pounds, cattle, and horses. an ordinance relative to pounds, and to prevent cat- tle running at large. [passed june , .] 'be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . the common council of the city of ann arbor shall, as soon as practicable, provide two suitable pounds, one to be located north of the huron river, to be styled "north pound "; the other south of huron river, to be styled "south pound "; and shall appoint a pound- keeper for each pound, who shall hold the office until an- other is appointed in his place. sec. . it shall be the duty of each pound-keeper to receive from any person whose duty it is by this ordinance to drive the same, all animals so driven to the pound under his charge, to pay for driving, to safely keep, care for, and feed, to deliver to the owner upon receiving his fees with all expenses, and to give notice and sell the same if not taken away in accordance with this ordinance; he shall keep an account of all sales, with a description of the ani- ordinances of the mals sold, the amount for which it was sold, with the name of the purchaser, the cost and charges against such, cred- iting the balance to the city, and if paid to the owner, state to whom, and take his receipt therefor; he shall file a copy of such record with his account and receipt, and the city treasurer's receipt, with the recorder, between the first and fifteenth day of march in each year, immediately preceding which he shall pay to the city treasurer all bal- ances in his hands. sec. . it shall be unlawful for any horse, mare, mule, colt, bull, ox, steer, cow, calf, hog, shoat, pig, sheep, goose, or duck to go at large within the limits of the city of ann arbor, or to feed or graze, with or without attendance, upon or along the parks, commons, streets, highways, or alleys of said city; and it shall be lawful for any person, and it shall be the duty of the marshal and each of his deputies, of said city, to drive the same to pound, or cause the same to be so driven; and for driving the same to pound as aforesaid, the marshal, or any person so driving, shall be entitled to receive two dollars for each horse, mare, mule, colt, bull, ox, steer, cow, calf, hog, or shoat, and five cents for each sucking pig, sheep, goose, or duck.* sec. . the pound-keeper shall be entitled to the same fees for receiving that the driver is for driving each animal, together with reasonable charges for keeping and feeding, not exceeding twenty-five cents per day, which shall be paid him by the owner thereof or by some other person, before such animal shall be released from the pound; and if the owner shall not pay the fees for driving, impounding, and all reasonable charges within forty-eight hours after the same is impounded, then the pound-keeper shall sell such animals at public vendue, at the pound, giving three days' notice thereof by advertisements posted at the pound, at the nearest public house, and at the post office in said city, except the geese and ducks, which may be sold after forty-eight hours' detention, without notice, * as amended by ordinance passed june , . . ordinances of the to cattle running at large, an ordinance relative to hogs and cattle running at large, an ordinance amendatory of the same, and all other ordinances inconsistent with the provisions of this ordinance, are hereby repealed. an ordinance to amend an ordinance relative to pounds and impounding cattle. [passed june , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, that the " ordinance relative to pounds and impounding cat- tle" is hereby amended as follows: section . * sec. . when any cow or other animal shall have en- tered the enclosure of any person not the owner of said animal, the owner or occupant of said premises, his or her employe, may drive the same to pound, having the same rights that the marshal or his deputies have by the ordi- nance first above mentioned; and the same penalties shall be attached to any person who may attempt to rescue the animal from the driver. sec . . no person shall enter the enclosure of the owner of any animal and drive it therefrom, unless the same shall have escaped or been rescued from the person driving the same, or from the pound, under a penalty of not less than one dollar, nor more than ten dollars, and costs of prosecution, to be recovered before any justice of the peace in said city of ann arbor. an ordinance relative to horses, mules, and cattle. [passed november , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that it shall not be lawful for any person to ride, drive, or lead any horse, cow, or ox, on or along any sidewalk within said city, or leave the same standing thereon. * repealed october , . city of ann arbor. sec. . it shall not be lawful for any person to feed any horse, horses, mules or cattle in main, fourth, and fifth streets, between catherine and williams streets, and in huron, ann, catherine, washington, and liberty streets between second and state streets, in said city. sec. . any violation of the provisions of this ordi- nance shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten dol- lars for each offense, and costs of prosecution, and in de- fault of payment thereof, by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding twenty days. sec. . an ordinance of said city entitled "an or- dinance relative to horses and cattle," made and passed september , , and an ordinance of said city entitled "an ordinance relative to horses and cattle, ' made and passed january , , and all other ordinances amend- atory thereto, are hereby repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after legal publication. chapter viii. of cemeteries. an ordinance for the protection, management and gov- ernment of cemeteries and burial grounds. [passed may , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that if any person or persons shall wrong- fully and maliciously destroy, remove, deface or injure any fence, gate, or other structure to or around or inclosing or forming any part of the inclosure of any burial ground or cemetery in this city, or shall willfully and improperly de- stroy, remove, mutilate, cut, break, mar, deface or injure any tomb, monument, gravestone, or other structure or thing of any kind placed or designed for a monument for a memorial of the dead, or any fence, railing, ledge, curb, ordinances of the seat or other structure, tree, shrub, plant, flower or thing that shall have been intended, placed or left for the pro- tection or ornament of any block, lot or ground, tomb, grave, monument, gravestone or other structure hereinbe- fore mentioned, in any inclosed cemetery or burial ground in this city, or shall willfully injure or trample or go upon any grave or block or lot, inclosure, plot or parcel of land in any cemetery or burial ground within this city, that shall at the time have been laid, graded and turfed, or otherwise worked and improved by or for any person, fam- ily, persons or association as and for a place for the burial of the dead, or as a memorial of any deceased person or persons (except by permission of the owner of such im- provement, or in or along an alley, walk or passage way, or place laid only and intended for a walk or passage way on or through such improved grounds), the persons so offending shall or may, upon conviction thereof before any justice of the peace residing in this city, or before any court having jurisdiction of the offense, be punished by a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding thirty days, or by both, in the discretion of the court or justice before whom the offender shall be tried. sec. . that a sexton for each public burial ground in said city may be appointed by the common council, who shall hold his office for one year, and until removed by the common council, or until his successor shall be ap- pointed. sec. . that the following rules and regulations for the protection, management and government of forest hill cemetery only, in said city, be and the same are here- by made and prescribed, to wit: no person shall ride or drive in any of the grounds within the inclosure of said cemetery (it being that part of the west half of the southeast quarter of section number twenty-eight, in township number two south, in range six east, in the state of michigan, lying north of the geddes city of ann arbor. road), except in and along the avenue, and in and along such paths as may be graded and graveled for that pur- pose, and designated by a guide-board or sign pointing them out as "carriage paths," nor along any avenue or carriage paths faster than a walk. no horse or team shall be fastened or hitched in said cemetery, except at a post provided for that purpose, or left unhitched therein without a keeper. no person or persons visiting said cemetery shall take any dog or fire- arms or refreshments into said cemetery, or discharge any firearms therein, or in any manner attempt to destroy, frighten or injure any bird or other animal therein. no person shall take in the cemetery any flowers ex- cept for the purpose of leaving them therein, and no per- son shall pick or gather any cultivated flower in said ceme- tery, or remove, break, cut or mark any tree, shrub, or plant, or any branch or part thereof, or anything growing or being thereon, nor shall any person take any flowers from the said cemetery. no person shall throw or put anything in any pond, basin or reservoir of water in said cemetery, or in any manner disturb, roil or render unclean or impure the water in any such pond, basin or reservoir. if any such person or persons shall violate any of the rules or regulations prescribed in this section, the person or persons so offending shall or may, upon conviction there- of before any justice of the peace residing in this city, or before any court having jurisdiction of the offense, be punished by a fine not exceeding five dollars, or by impris- onment in the county jail not exceeding ten days, or by both, in the discretion of the court or justice before whom the offender shall be tried. these rules and regulations shall not apply to the su- perintendent while in the performance of his duties in the cemetery, nor to any act done by any person or laborer in the cemetery under the direction of the superintendent or of the board of officers of the cemetery company, or of ordinances of the any committee thereof, nor to any act properly done by any lot holder, or any one under his directions, on the lot of such holder. sec. . persons visiting the cemetery shall in all re- spects observe the proprieties of a place consecrated to the tender associations between the living and the dead they have lost and mourn; and if any person or persons shall commit any trespass in the cemetery, or violate any of these rules and regulations, or conduct or converse in a rude, boisterous, unseemly or improper manner, the super- intendent or any person employed by the cemetery board, or any committee thereof having charge of the grounds at the time, may remove and keep out any and every such offender from the cemetery grounds. an ordinance relative to the governing and control- ing of the cemetery in thf fifth ward. [passed june , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that three commissioners be appointed by the common council to take charge and control of the cemetery in the fifth ward of said city, in the manner hereinafter mentioned, and with the powers hereinafter granted. said commissioners, when they shall have been appointed, shall have full power to make or cause to be made surveys of said lands embraced in said cemetery, lay out lots, make contracts for the sale of lots, and deliver deeds for the same, provided that said deeds shall be exe- cuted in the corporate name of said city, and signed by the mayor and recorder of the city of ann arbor. sec. . all money or moneys realized for the sale of lots or otherwise shall be paid into the city treasury within ten days after receiving the same, which shall constitute a fund known as the city cemetery fund, for the sole use and benefit of said cemetery, and said money or moneys may be drawn out of said treasury for making improvements, upon the allowance or recommendation of not less than city op ank akbor. two of said commissioners, upon an order on the city treas- urer, said order being first approved by the common coun- cil, signed by the recorder, and countersigned by the mayor. sec. . the commissioners shall have power to make all needful regulations for the government of said ceme- tery, and such regulations shall be recorded by the com- missioners in a book kept for that purpose, which shall be open to the inspection of all persons interested in said cemetery. sec. . the commissioners shall have power to levy a tax for the improvement of the grounds, not to exceed one dollar upon each lot, when they may deem it neces- sary, for beautifying or improving said cemetery, and col- lect the same as other taxes are collected by the city of ann arbor, provided that only one such tax upon each lot be collected each year, and provided that notice in writing signed by at least two of said commissioners, notifying the owner or owners of lots in said cemetery of the levying of said tax, be posted up in three public places in the fifth ward of the city of ann arbor, at least ten days before proceedings be had to collect the same. sec. . the commissioners shall be appointed by the common council, as follows: one to hold the office until the first of january, ; one to hold the office until the first of january, ; and one to hold the office until the first of january, . and the common council shall ap- point one the first monday of january, , and thereafter on the first monday of january in each and every year, one commissioner, who shall hold his office for the term of three years, the common council reserving the right to re- move any of said commissioners for cause shown. the commissioner whose term of office expires first shall act as chairman of said committee. sec- . the commissioners thus appointed shall re- ceive no pecuniary compensation for their services, and upon the death, resignation or removal of any of said com - ordinances of the for numbering each and every dwelling-house, store, shop, or other place of business fronting on any street or avenue in said city, to designate a number for each, and to notify the owner or occupant of such dwelling-house, store or shop, or other place of business of the number designated for the same. sec. . it shall be the duty of such owner or occu- pant, within thirty days after such notification by the city marshal, to cause such number to be affixed upon or over the door or main entrance of said dwelling-house, store, shop, or any other place of business, in figures of sufficient size to be easily discernible from the street, and to cause such number to be maintained thereon. sec. . when any new dwelling-house, store, shop, or other place of business, fronting on any street or ave- nue, shall be erected and finished in said city, sufficiently to be occupied, or any old building shall hereafter be moved on to any street or avenue, upon notification by the city marshal, the owner or occupant shall cause the number designated by the city marshal, to be affixed in the time and manner prescribed by section two of this ordinance. sec. . in case any owner or occupant of such dwell- ing-house, store, shop, or any place of business, shall neg- lect or refuse to affix and maintain the number designated by the city marshal, in the time and manner prescribed by section two of this ordinance, such owner or occupant shall be liable to a fine of one dollar for every twenty-four hours' neglect or refusal, besides costs of prosecution : pro- vided, that such fine shall not exceed one hundred dol- lars. an ordinance to prevent injury to wells. [passed july , .] be it ordained by the mayor, recorder, and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that it shall not be lawful for any person or persons hereafter to dig, make or construct any well, or to continue any well heretofore made, in whole or in part, city of ann arbor. in any of the streets, lanes, or alleys of the said city, or bordering upon the line of the same, or open thereto, with- out obtaining license so to do from the common council of said city, who shall also have authority of directing the manner of constructing, arranging and securing the same. and any person who shall, at any time, fail to comply with such directions, or otherwise offend against the provisions of this section, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined, not less than five dollars, nor more than fifty dollars, with costs of prosecution. sec. . whenever any well shall be so dug, con- structed, or continued by such license of said common council, every person who shall be guilty, willfully and maliciously or wantonly and without cause, of destroying, breaking, removing, disfiguring, or in any manner injuring the curb, platform, bucket, rope, chain, pump, enclosure, or any of the fixtures or apparatus belonging to or con- nected with the same, or of throwing into any such well, or into or upon the pump, curb, platform, apparatus or in- closure of the same, any filth, dirt, gravel or other matter, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not less than five dollars, nor more than one hundred dollars for every offense, together with costs of prosecution. an ordinance relative to mad dogs. [passed august , .j be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that whenever the mayor or recorder and any alderman shall deem it necessary to protect the inhabi- tants of the city from mad dogs, they may direct the mar- shal to kill every dog which shall be found running at large within the city without being securely muzzled, so as effectually to prevent such dog from biting any person. sec. . be it further ordained, that the marshal, whenever so directed by the officers mentioned in section one of this ordinance, shall kill any vicious or ferocious dog found running at large in the city. index to chatrer. page. seotion. beggars, may be punished billiard tables, may be licensed and regulated-- bills of mortality board of health, appointment of term of office, removal, etc.-- general powers of clerk of compensation of members infectious diseases to be report- ed to - record of proceedings to be evidence bonds, of marshal of recorder of street commissioner of treasurer to be prescribed by common council bond, note, or other obligation, not to be issued, bonfires, making of restrained boundaries, of city of wards of streets and alleys bridges, incumbering, or fast driving on common council, care of buildings, line of numbering of when may be pulled down and destroyed damages for destruction of - - when unsafe wooden, in fire limits, may be pro- hibited burial grounds by-laws and ordinances, made by whom c. carcasses, unwholesome or offensive substances, cartmen and carts, regulation of carriages and hacks, licensing census, common council may provide for cemeteries, regulations concerning index to charter. page. section. charter, revised, took effect repealed former charters to be favorably construed by courts— chief engineer, appointment of special duties of chief of police, marshal to be chimneys, size of, etc flues, stove-pipes, cleaning of "" " removing of officers may enter premises and ex- amine city attorney, appointment of duties of salary of to sue for fines circuses and other exhibitions city hall, market, almshouse, etc cisterns, public corporate name and seal commissioners of highways common council, who constitute mayor oi recorder may con- vene may fine members for non- attendance mayor to preside at meetings of when mayorabsent,president pro tern, to be elected--- general powers and duties of - - powers as highway commis- sioners the same duties as township boards constables, election of oath of office and bond costs, double, allowed city to be added to all fines courts of justice, fines, penalties, etc. - - d. damages, from defect in sidewalk, road, etc for buildings destroyed at fires - index to charter. page. sectioit. detroit house of correction, sentences to debt against city, how may be contracted director of the poor disorderly persons — dogs and dog fights drunkards, may be restrained and punished— % e. election and appointment of officers - - election, charter, when held inspectors of clerks of notice of, how given may be held without notice. opening and closing of polls- special, held on notice electors, qualifications of may be challenged oath of challenged elector engineers and fire wardens - - penalty for disobeying orders of, expenses of committing offenders execution, to be delivered to marshal f. fares, rates of fees and salaries of officers finance and taxation - - finances, annual statement of fines, costs to be added to execution to be issued for may be sued for by city attorney . to be paid into city treasury for violation of public health regulations, maintenance of pest-house or hospital-- fire limits fires, prevention and extinguishment of - - fire-bells, ringing or tolling of fire-buckets, inhabitants to keep fire-crackers, regulation of sale fire department, etc index to charter. page. section. fire districts fire engines, engine-houses, etc firemen, compensation for injuries exemptions of number of in companies rules and regulations for government . of or. gaming and gaming houses goods, crying of grade of streets and sidewalks grading and paving streets, etc gunpowder, selling and using of transportation and keeping of h. hay, regulation of sale health, public, general powers of common council board of - - highways, powers of common council highways, common council control of horse-racing, to be prevented and punished— hotels, saloons, victualing houses, etc house of correction, sentences to houses for gaming of ill-fame huron river, salubrity of waters « i. idle persons at fires immoderate driving infectious diseases, drivers and conductors to re- report hotel-keepers to report physicians to report infectious property not to be brought into city- inspectors of elections, aldermen to be vacancies filled by electors index to charter. paoe. section. interest, to be collected on fines interest of city in suits, inhabitants not incom- petent as jurors, witnesses, etc intoxicating drinks, sales may be prohibited-— j. jail of county, city may use judgments against city juror, inhabitant competent in suits when city is a party jurors, pay of in laying out streets i jury in justice's courts justices of the peace, election of term of office jurisdiction under statutes.-- jurisdiction extended by charter jurisdiction further defined-- powers of to report and pay over fines.- suspension and removal of... l. license of, auctioneers, peddlers, and pawn- brokers ball-alleys and billiard tables cabs, carriages and hacks carts, drays and other vehicles hotels and taverns saloons and victualing houses lighting of streets and alleys lights in livery stables and other buildings liquors, impure, spurious or adulterated low grounds, drainage of m. manufactures, dangerous markets, regulation of marshal, appointment of bond of chief of police fi index to charter. page. suction. office, recorder to notify county clerk of certain vacancies :— officers, city and ward to be elected to be appointed to be notified of tlieir election bonds to be prescribed by common coun- cil— compensation of appointed compensation of, subject to charter re- strictions- duties of appointed oath of office to be taken by salary and fees of special duties may be prescribed by or- dinance offices, continued under acts repealed omnibuses and their drivers ordinances, common council may enact, amend or repeal may be read in evidence from penal, must be published record or entry of publication evi- dence p. parks and public grounds passengers, soliciting of pawnbrokerage peddling penalties, may be prescribed perjury, who guilty of percentage for collecting taxes pest-house, maintenance of police, maintained and regulated , polls, when opened and closed poll-tax, how levied and collected-- — may be paid by labor pounds privies, sinks, cellars, etc public health - - index to charter. q- page. section. quorum, majority of common council to con- stitute mayor or recorder to be one r. railroads, powers of common council over real estate, control of city's taxation of reservoirs, wells, pumps, etc., public for fire purposes re-registration act - - recorder, election of bond of member of common council powers and duties of salary of . to be city clerk to discharge like duties of township clerk to give notice of elections to give notice of certain vacancies— to notify officers elect riots, to prevent and quell river huron, cleansing of salubrity of and other waters runners, stage drivers, etc rural districts, exempt from certain taxes rules for firemen, common council to prescribe s. salaries of officers sabbath, violation of scavengers, regulation of school district number one, organization pre- served schools, taxes for scuttles on roofs sextons and undertakers shade trees, planting and protection of sheriff, to receive and keep prisoners index to charter. page. section. sidewalks, common council may establish grade of construction, repair, and renewal of incumbering to be prevented taxes for, how collected to be kept clean slaughter-houses, common council may con- struct and regulate location of regulation of private snow and ice, removal from sidewalks stands, for carriages for hay, produce, and wood stairs, ladders, and scuttles street commissioners, appointment of aldermen not to be bonds of have the powers of over- seers of highways to superintend grading, paving, etc streets, establishing and opening of grade of. grading, paving and working of lighting of ) taxation for vacation, alteration, and discontinu- ance of supervisors, election of compensation of duties and powers members of board of supervisors.- to discriminate in making assess- ments to attach warrant to rolls t. tax, for general purposes for general street and highway for local improvements, grading, paving, etc index to charter. page. section. tax, for ward purposes, highways greater than usual, how raised poll, assessment and collection of specific, how apportioned how collected to whom accounted for by collector taxes, common council may assess, levy, etc-- levy and collection of for specific purposes for sidewalks, how collected ordinance to provide for treasurer to collect treasurer to give notice of rolls unpaid, statement of when may be paid . on owners of dogs tax-rolls, delivered to treasurer public notice of special, how made title to streets, lanes, alleys, etc treasurer, appointment of bond of- duties and powers of fees for collecting taxes on regular roll fees for collecting special taxes salary of u. undertakers and sextons v. vacancies, when occur notice of vagrants, may be punished who are vegetables, sale of unwholesome may be pro- hibited vote, each member of common council to have one votes, inspectors to canvass index to ordinances. - • a. page. section. aid, of inhabitants at fires aldermen, duties as fire wardens may be applied to for license animals, not to run at large not to be tied to shade trees pound-keepers to receive application for sidewalks assessment roll, for paving bonds notice of by recorder consideration of by common council delivery to treasurer notice of by treasurer auction, prohibited in streets,public grounds,etc. auctioneers, must be licensed must be of good character prescribed fees for license use of bell or crier prohibited violation of ordinance, penalties-- awnings, supports of b. barns, privies, hog-pens, location prescribed— bathing and exposure of person beating of horses by draymen billiards, gaming with, punishment of blacksmith shops, forbidden on certain blocks-- board of health, ordinance establishing - - penalty for violating regula- tions of- i.vpex to ordinances. paoe. sectton. board of health, proceedings of to conform to state laws physicians to report to quar- terly reports to of infectious diseases - boisterous noises, at depots bonds, of draymen ( of hackney carriage owners of hackney carriage drivers boot-blacks and news-boys,ordinance regulating - - boxes, barrels, etc., not to obstruct sidewalks-- penalty for not removing breaches of the peace, ordinance relative to - - breaking of pound brick buildings, where required bridges, protection of --- - - fast driving on hand-bills not to be posted on officials to arrest fast drivers on buildings, numbering of - - removal of, at fires suspension of signs from wooden, prohibited on certain blocks business, hours for opening and closing places of places not to be kept open on the sab- bath what may be done on the sabbath-.- c. » cannon, firing of prohibited cards, dice, billiards, etc., gaming with carrion, putrid meat, etc cattle, not to run at large fees for driving to pound marshalanddeputicstoenforceordinance cemeteries, ordinance for protection of, etc - - penalties for damages to buildings, fences, etc sextons to be appointed regulations for forest hill - - relative to fifth ward - - index to ordinances. page. section. charivari, punishment of chief engineer and assistants, appointment of chief engineer, powers and duties of - duties of when absent member of board of inspectors of steam engines to seize gunpowder chief of police, marshal to be to appoint policemen---- - - to enforce statutes and ordi- nances to promulgate orders chimneys, construction of lire wardens may enter premises and examine fire wardens may cause to be burned out no person to burn out without per- niisaion collection of paving tax constables, duties of, at fires duties pertaining to board of health contract for paving, how made to be approved by common council cost of grading and paving, computation of apportionment of costs of prosecution d. disorderly house, penalty for keeping persons, punishment of dogs, when marshal to kill - drays, ordinance relative to - - not to stand on sidewalks numbers on what deemed wheels and tire of draymen, licensing of - fees for license charges for services index to ordinances. q. page, gaming, ordinance to prohibit - - with cards, dice, billiards, etc penalties for keeping building or instruments instruments to be destroyed penalty for neglect to destroy instru- ments when warrant to be issued - gambling-houses, keepers of gas-works, ordinance relative to i geese, ducks, etc., not to run at large gongs, use of unlawful gunpowder, keeping of in buildings !) (i may be seized and sold (i use of in city' !) h. hack or omnibus drivers, at michigan central depot at toledo and ann definition of license required recorder to issue license for drivers of to be licensed--- dutiesof drivers and owners charges for use of card of rates, etc owners not to refuse to con- vey person first entering or en- gaging to control physicians to report infectious diseases - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lfifi index to ordinances. paijk. section. health, householder" " "- slaughter-houses, location of - - hog-pens, barns, privies,etc.,location restricted hogs, confinement of not to run at large horse, cart, wagon, etc., not to obstruct street.- horses and cattle, not to be driven on or along sidewalks not to be fed ou certain streets, not to run at large . horses, not to be driven across sidewalks (i not to stand on crosswalks rate of driving to be tied house, disorderly suspected to be for gaming - i. idle and disorderly persons, conviction and punishment of marshal to arrest, injury to wells, to prevent intoxicated persons, marshal to arrest instruments for gaming, to be destroyed inspection of steam engines - - j. justices of the peace, jurisdiction under health ordinances k, kites, flying of prohibited l. lewd and lascivious conduct license, exhibitions, etc., unlawful without application for of hawkers and peddlers - - of boot-blacks and newsboys - - of auctioneers — - - index to ordinances. page. secti on. license, of drays and draymen - - of hackney carriages and omnibuses-- - - for digging wells licenses, recorder to issue and register license committee to issue how long in force lighted lamps for night driving liquors, not to be sold on the sabbath sale of to students and minors unlaw- ful local assessment districts lying-in-wait or loitering about m. mad-dogs, marshal to kill - market, public, ordinance regulating - - auction within limits prohibited, slaughtering""" marshal, to be chief of police to appoint policemen - - to arrest intoxicated persons to arrest persons for breach of any ord- inance in the night time to cause buildings to be numbered - - to cause obstructions to be removed from sidewalks - to destroy instrument? for gaming to enforce ordinance relative to breaches of the peace to enforce provisions of pound ordi- nance to exercise certain powers of sheriff and constable fees for driving cattle to pounds duties at fires to serve notice to construct sidewalk-. mayor, duty to appoint a committee on markets, may issue licenses may revoke permits of boot-blacks or newsboys ikdex to oroinances. paoe. section. ordinance, for the establishment and regula- tion of a board of health - to abate and remove nuisances and preserve health - to preserve statistics in regard to the public health - relative to public health - relative to slaughter-houses - for the issue of licenses ) - relative to shows, tlwatrical and other exhibitions - relative to hawkers and peddlers-- - regulating boot-blacks and news- boys - relative to auctioneers - relative to drays - relative to hackney carriages and omnibuses - relative to pounds and to prevent cattle from running at large.-- - to amend an ordinance relative to pounds and impounding cattle, - relative to horses, mules, and cattle, - for the protection and management of cemeteries, etc - relative to the fifth ward cemetery, - declaring the recorder to be city clerk for the appointment of fence view- ers relative to paying over moneys re- ceived for fines * to provide for numbering build- ings - to prevent injury to wells - relative to mad-dogs - relative to stallions - relative to gas-works p. passage-way to cellars, leaving open paving of streets, ordinance regulating - - injury to index to ordinances. page. section. peace, breach of, punishment - - penalty, costs added to fine physicians, to report small-pox, etc fine for failure to report i is police, ordinance establishing and regulating-- - - marshal to be chief of-, all citizens to aid penalties for misconduct of pounds, location of penalty for breaking of pound-keeper, appointment of duties of fees of may sell impounded cattle penalty for neglect of duty privies, construction of when to be cleaned vehicles used in cleaning, etc. prostitution, reveling, etc proposals, for grading or paving to whom delivered projections into the streets, width of r. railroad cars, noise on arrival of not to obstruct streets - - conductors, engineers, etc., arrest of engine bells to be rung at cross- ings getting on and off of real estate, application of owners for paving--- assessments for paving - sale of for paving tax sale of for sidewalk taxes recorder, to be city clerk to issue licenses to make notice of paving assessment roll - index to okdinances. paoe. bkotiok. recorder, to notify supervisor of sidewalk taxes kegel.ts of university, may lay water pipes in htreets — reveling, prostitution, etc 'is riot, charivari, etc. riotous and boisterous conduct - - s. sabbath, violation of - - what business may be done on.. km; hale of impounded animals :s -i material obstructing sidewalks material obstructing streets nostrums, etc., on the streets saloons, to be closed on the sabbath what hours to open and close other days shade trees, distances to be set apart injuries to not to be used as hitching posts shells of oysters, etc., in street show-hoards, show bills, etc., over sidewalks--- sidewalks, width of prescribed (i construction, repairing, and renew- ing of - - - expense of constructing, a special assessment material, etc., to be prescribed by the common council — supervisors to levy taxes for when to be paid for from general fund incumbrances of - - sidewalk committee, chairman of sign-boards, over sidewalks slaughter-houses, location and regulation of— smoke stacks, screens or spark-catchers required snow and ice, to be cleaned from sidewalks stallions - university of michigan v" > : f'' '• .:: - alpheus felch historical library bequeathed to the university of michigan by the hon. alpheus felch. . charter city of ann arbor . charter of the city of ann arbor, printed by authority of the common council. ann arbor: courier book and job printing house. . mayors of city. george sedgwick, . edwin r. tremain, . james kingsley, william s. maynard, philip bach, robert j. barry, john f. miller, charles spoor, ebenezer wells, william s. maynard, oliver m. martin, . christian eberbach, alfred h. partridge, william d. harriman, silas h. douglas, . hiram j. beakes, edward d. kinne, . densmore cramer, . willard b. smith, . john kapp, . william d. harriman, john kapp, . john j. robison, willard b. smith, . samuel w. beakes, . from april, , to april, . tt , (( tt . tt tt , a a . tt tt ,, n tt . a tt , tt tt . t. . a , tt n . " tt , tt tt . '■ tt , tt tt . tt tt , tt tt . 'tt tt , tt a . tt tt , a a . tt h , tt tt . ft tt , tt tt . tt tt , tt a . tt tt , tt * ( . tt tt , tt tt . .t , tt tt . a tt , tt tt . t ( tt , tt tt . ( tt , u . (t tt , "" . (( tt , (( tt . tt , "" . tt tt , tt tt . n tt , a t( . table of contents. page. incorporation of boundaries ... -. electors and registration . elections officers - — qualifications, oath, official bonds . vacancies in office duties of officers—the mayor aldermen . city clerk _ justices of the peace assessor . supervisors constables . . chief of police city treasurer. city attorney , ..- — compensation of officers . so the common council . general powers of the common council ordinances enforcement of ordinances police -— cemeteries pounds ■• sewers, drains, and watercourses . streets, sidewalks, and public improvements board ol public works - — fire department " the public health - finance and taxation miscellaneous the present charter of the city was first prepared hy a committee of the common council of , consisting of mayor beakes, aids. wines. allmendinger, kearns and city attorney king, revised and corrected by elihu b. pond, employed by the council to correct phraseology, and by the above com-nlttee associated with the following com- mittee of business men: a. l. noble, frederick schmld, moses seabolt, e. k. frueauff and h. j. brown. it is printed by authority of the common council. may . charter of the city of ann arbor. an act to reincorporate the city of arm arbor, revise the charter of said city, and repeal all conflicting acts relating thereto. incorporation and boundaries. section . the people of the state of michigan enact, that so much of the township of ann arbor, in the county of washtenaw, as is included in the following lim- - its, to-wit: the south three-fourths of section number twenty, the south three-fourths of the west three-fourths of section number twenty-one, the west three-fourths of section number twenty-eight, entire section number twenty-nine, the north half of section number thirty-two, and the west three-fourths of the north half of section number thirty-three, in township two south, of range six east, and also so much of the east half of the south east quarter of section number twenty one, and the east half of the northeast quarter of section number twenty-eight, as lies west of the easterly bank of the huron river, and north of the south line of the territorial road, crossing said river on or near the line between said sections, be and the same is hereby set off from said township, and declared to be a city, by the name of the city of ann arbor; and the freemen of said city from time to time being inhabitants thereof, shall be and continue to be a body corporate and city op ann arbor. by ordinance duly past, to divide any ward which shall have polled more than six hundred votes at the last pre- ceding general election, into polling precincts, which pre- cincts shall be as nearly equal as possible in point of popu- lation, and the common council shall have the power to provide for separate re-registration for each polling pre- cinct when any such precinct shall be created, and the registration of electors for all elections shall be conducted in each precinct as nearly as possible as the elections are conducted in the several wards, and no voter shall vote in other than the precinct in which he shall reside. the common council shall also provide registration books for any ward that shall be so divided—one for each precinct— and the board of registration shall be as constituted by this act, but each voter's name shall be registered in the book provided for the precinct in which he resides. the returns,of the elections in precincts shall be made and canvassed in the same manner as in wards, and the word precinct in elections shall, to all intents and purposes, be synonymous with the word ward. i electors and registration. section . the inhabitants of said city of ann arbor, having the qualifications of electors under the constitu- tion and laws of the state, and no others, shall be electors therein. section . at all elections in said city every elector shall vote in the ward where he shall have resided during the ten days next preceding the day of election. the residence of any elector, not being a householder, shall be deemed to be in the ward in which he rooms and lodges. section . any person offering to vote at any elec- tion held in this city, shall, if challenged by an elector of the ward in which he offers to vote, take, before his vote shall be received, one of the oaths or affirmations provided by the laws of the state for electors at general elections, which oath may be administered by either of the inspec- charter op the duly qualified electors, may register at such session, and the names of electors who have removed or died since the preceding election shall be erased with red ink, with the remark dead," or " removed," with the date of era- sure. if the name of any elector shall be erased by mis- take such elector may be re-registered on the day of election as provided by section eighteen of the act here- inbefore cited. section . sessions of the boards of registration shall be held in the several wards on the wednesday pre- ceding each charter or special election for new registra- tion, and correction of the registry books, such sessions to be noticed and conducted as provided for by the act before cited, except that the erasure of the names of electors who have removed or died shall be made as provided in the preceding section. such sessions shall commence at eight o'clock in the forenoon and close at eight o'clock in the afternoon; provided, that in giving notice of registra- tion for a special election, it shall not be necessary to print the names of the electors then dulv registered. section . two members shall at all times be pres- ent during the sessions of each ward board of registration. elections. section . an annual city charter election shall be held on the first monday in april in each year, at such place in each of the several wards of the city as the com- mon council shall designate. section . special elections may be appointed by resolution of the common council, to be held in and for the city, or in and for any ward thereof, at such time and place, or places, as the common council shall designate; the purpose and object of which shall be fully set forth in the resolution appointing such election. section . whenever a special election is to be held the common council shall cause to be delivered to the in- city of ann arbor. spectors of election in the ward or wards where the same is to be held, a notice signed by the city clerk, specifying: the officer or officers to be chosen, and the question or proposition, if any, to be submitted to the vote of the elec- tors, and the day and place at which such election is to be held, and such election shall be conducted in the same manner as the annual charter elections. section . notice of the time and place or places of holding any election, and of the officers to be elected, and the question to be voted upon, shall, except as herein otherwise provided, be given by the city clerk at least ten days before such election, by posting such notices in three public places in each ward in which the election is to be held, and by publishing a copy thereof in a newspaper published in the city, the same length of time before the election; and in case of a special election the notice shall set forth the purpose and object of the election as fully as the same are required to be set forth in the resolution ap- pointing such election: provided, that if any election of officers under the act shall not be held on the day when it ought to have been held, the said corporation shall not bj dissolved, but it shall be lawful to hold such election at any time thereafter, public notice being given as pro- vided in this act. section . the common council shall provide and cause to be kept by the city clerk, for use at all elections, suitable ballot boxes of the kind required by law to be kept and used in townships. section . at all charter elections the polls shall be opened in each ward at the several places designated by the common council, at eight o'clock in the morning, and shall be kept open until four o'clock in the afternoon, at section . failure to give notice of election does not invalidate elec- tion: speed vs. hartwell, mich., ; but if it is not imperative to fill an office at acertain election, failure to give the notice required invalidares the election: people vs. witherell, mich., . see secord vs. foutch, mich., ; powell vs. jackson etc , mich., . charter of the which hour they shall be finally closed. the inspectors shall cause proclamation to be made of the opening and closing of the polls. section . the supervisor and two aldermen of each ward shall, except as herein otherwise provided, be the in- spectors of election. when any ward shall have been di- vided into precincts, the common council shall appoint, on the nomination of the mayor, such additional inspectors of election as shall be necessary to constitute a board of three inspectors for each of said precincts; and if at any election any of the inspectors shall not be present or remain in at- tendance, the electors present may choose viva voce such number of such electors, as with the inspector or inspec- tors present, shall constitute a board of three in number, and each such elector so chosen shall be inspector of that election. section . the supervisor, if present, shall be chair- man of the board, and in his absence the inspectors shall appoint one of their number chairman; and said inspec- tors shall appoint two electors to be clerks. the inspectors chosen and clerks appointed shall take the constitutional oath of office, which oath may be administered by either of the inspectors, or by a justice of the peace or notary public. section . all elections held under the provisions of this act shall be conducted as nearly as may be in the manner provided by law for holding general elections in this state, except as herein otherwise provided; and the inspectors of such elections shall have the same power and authority for the preservation of order and for enforcing obedience to their lawful commands during the time of section . see cases cited in people vs. cicott, mien., on pages and . section . the general election law is found in howell's statutes ? t to j . sections , ) , and of howell's statutes were amended by pub- lic acts, s , page . by requiring election seals to be furnished and regu- lating the manner of sealing the ballot boxes. city of ann arbor. holding the election and the canvass of the votes as are conferred by law upon inspectors of general elections held in this state. section the electors shall vote by ballot, and the same ballot shall contain the names of the persons desig- nated as officers for the city and as officers for the ward. the ballots cast upon any question or proposition sub- mitted to be voted upon, shall be separate and be depos- ited in a separate box. section . if at any election vacancies are to be supplied in any office, or if any person is to be elected for less than a full term of office, the term for which any per- son is so voted, shall be designated on the ballot. section . it shall be the duty of the inspectors on receiving the vote, as specified in the last two sections, to cause the same, without being opened or inspected, to be deposited in the proper box provided for that purpose. the clerks shall also write the names of the electors vot- ing at such elections, in the poll lists to be kept by them. and such lists shall be so kept as to show the number and the names of the electors voting upon any question or proposition submitted to the vote of the electors. section . immediately after closing the polls, the inspectors of election shall, without adjourning, publicly canvass the votes received by them, and declare the re- sult; and shall, on the same day, or on the next day, make a statement in writing, setting forth in words at full length the whole number of votes given for each office, the names of persons for whom such votes for each office were given, and the number of votes so given for each per- son; the whole number of votes given upon each question voted upon, and the number of votes given for and against the same, which statement shall be certified under the section . ballots in the wrong box are to be counted unless they are deposited in the wrong box by the fraud of the elector: people vs. bates, mich., . charter of the hands of the inspectors to be correct; and they shall de- posit such statement and certificate on the day of election, or on the next day, together with such poll lists, the reg- ister of electors and the boxes containing said ballots, in the office of the city clerk. section . the manner of canvassing said votes shall be the same as prescribed by law for canvassing votes at the general elections held in this state, and the inspec- tors shall in all other respects, except as herein otheiwise provided, conform as nearly as may be to the duties re- quired of inspectors of election at such general elections. section . the common council shall convene on the thursday next succeeding each election, at their usual place of meeting, and determine the result of the election upon each question and proposition voted upon, and what persons are duly elected at said election to the several offices respectively; and thereupon the city clerk shall make duplicate certificates, under the corporate seal of the city, of such determination, showing the result of the election upon any question or proposition voted upon, and what persons are declared elected to the several offices re- spectively, one of which certificates he shall file in the office of the clerk of the county of washtenaw and the other shall be filed in the office of the city clerk. section . the person receiving the greatest num- ber of votes for any city or ward office shall be deemed to have been duly elected to such office, and if there shall be no choice for any office by reason of two or more candi- section . the duties of the council in determining the result of election are purely ministerial. see keller vs. robertson, mich., ; people vs. van oleve, mich. . no person can be declared elected unless he has received more votes for the office than any other person even if there is not, in fact, any such o'her person in existence. if the person receiving the highest number of votes is ineligible the next highest cannot be de- clared elected: crawford vs. mollitor, mich., . section . a party participating in a drawing is not thereby pre- cluded trom contesting the election of his opponent: keeler vs. robertson, mich., . city of ann arbor. dates having received an equal number of votes, the com- mon council shall at the meeting mentioned in the preced- ing section determine by lot between such persons, which shall be considered elected to such office. section . it shall be the duty of the city clerk, within five days after the meeting and determination of the common council, as provided in section [ ,] to notify each person elected, in writing, of his election, and he shall also, within five days after the common council shall appoint any person to any office, in like manner notify such person of such appointment. section . within one week after the expiration of the time in which any official bond or oath of office is re- quired to be filed, the city clerk shall report in writing to the common council the names of the persons elected or appointed to any office who shall have neglected to file such oath and bond or security for the performance of the duties of the office. officers. section . the following city officers, viz: a mayor, president of the common council, city clerk, two justices of the peace and an assessor shall be elected by the qualified voters of the whole city, and a supervisor, two aldermen and a constable shall be elected in each ward. section . the following officers shall be appointed by the mayor subject to the approval of a majority of the members elect of the common council, viz: a city mar- shal, a city treasurer, a city attorney, members of the board of public works, members of the board of fire com- missioners, and members of the board of health. the common council may also, from time to time, provide by ordinance for the appointment, and appoint for such term as may be provided in any such ordinance, such other offi- cers whose election or appointment is not herein specially provided for, .as the common council shall deem necessary charter of the for the execution of the powers granted by this act, and may remove the same at pleasure. the powers and duties of all such officers shall be prescribed by ordinance. section . appointments to office by the mayor, except appointments to fill vacancies, shall, unless other- wise provided, be made on the first monday in may in each year; but appointments which for any cause shall not be made on this day may be made at any subsequent regular meeting of the common council. section . the mayor, president of the common council, supervisors and constables shall hold their offices for the term of one year from the second monday in april of the year when elected, and until their successors are qualified and enter upon the duties of their offices. the justices of the peace shall be elected for the term of four years from the fourth day of july next after their election, one to be elected each alternate year. section - . the city clerk, assessor and aldermen shall hold their offices for the term of two years from the second monday in april in the year when elected, and until their successors are elected and qualified. section . all other officers, except as hereinafter provided, appointed by the mayor and common council or boards of the city, except officers appointed to fill vacan- cies in elective offices, shall hold their respective offices until the first monday in may next after such appointment, and until their successors are qualified and enter upon the duties of their office, unless a different term of office shall be provided in this act or by an ordinance duly enacted. qualifications, oath, official bonds. section . no person shall be elected or appointed to any office, unless he be an elector of said city, and if section . . when the charter fixes the term of office, appointments cannot be made for less than the term fixed: stadler vs. detroit, mich., . city of ann arbor. elected or appointed for a ward, he must be an elector thereof; and no person shall be elected or appointed to any office in the city who has been or is a defaulter to the city or any board of officers thereof, or to any school dis- trict, county or other municipal corporation of the state. all votes for or any appointment of any such defaulter shall be void. section . justices of the peace elected in said city shall take and file an oath of office with the qounty clerk, of the county of washtenaw, within the same time and in the same manner as in the cases of justices of the peace elected in townships. all other officers elected or appointed in the city, shall, within ten days after receiv- ing notice of their election or appointment, take and sub- scribe the oath of office prescribed by the constitution of the state, and file the same with the city clerk. section . officers elected or appointed, except justices of the peace, before entering upon the duties of their offices and within the time prescribed for the filing of their official oaths, shall file with the city clerk such a bond or security as may be required by law or by any ordinance or requirement of the common council, and with such sureties, who shall justify in writing and under oath, as required by the laws of this state, as shall be ap- proved by the common council for the due performance of the duties of their office, except that the bond or se- curity of the city clerk shall be deposited with the city treasurer. section . sureties are liable only for the acts and defaults of the principal during the time for which the bond is given : paw paw vs. eggle- ston, mich.. . a surety is liable on a bond signed by him in blank: mccormick vs. bay city, midi., . sureties are not liable on a bond which the principal fails to sign: vincent vs. kimball township, mich., . but representations made to them at the time they sign the bond will not release the sureties: detroit vs. weber, mich., . the council can- not dispense with any condition required to be in the bond by the charter: detroit vs. weber, mich., . an officer authorized to approve a bond, on which he himself is surety, is thereby precluded from approving it: steven- sou vs. bay city, mich., . charter of the the meaning and provisions of such general laws of the state. duties of officers—the mayor. section . the mayor shall be the chief executive officer of the city, and shall from time to time give to the common council information, in writing, concerning the affairs of the corporation, and recommend such measures as he may deem expedient. it shall be his duty to exer- cise supervision over the several departments of the city government, and to see that the laws relating to the city and the ordinances and regulations of the common coun- cil are enforced. section . the mayor shall be a conservator of the peace, and may exercise within the city the powers conferred upon sheriffs to suppress disorder, and shall have authority. to command the assistance of all able- bodied citizens to aid in the enforcement of city ordi- nances or laws of the state, and to suppress riot and dis- orderly conduct. section . the mayor shall have authority at all times to examine and inspect the books, records and pa.- pers of any agent, employo or officer of the city, and shall perform generally all such duties as are or may be pre- scribed by the ordinances of the city. section . in the absence or disability of the mayor, or in case of any vacancy in his office, the presi- dent of the common council shall perform the duties of the mayor. aldermen. section . the aldermen of the city shall be mem- bers of the common council, attend all the meetings thereof, and act upon committees when thereunto ap- pointed by the president of the council. as conservators section . mandamus does not lie to compel aldermen to attend meetings of the common council: people vs. whipple, mich., . city of ann arbor. of the peace they shall aid in maintaining quiet and good order in the city, and in securing the faithful performance of duty by all officers of the city. city clerk. section . the city clerk shall keep the corporate seal and all the documents, official bonds, papers, files and records of the city, not by this act or by the ordinances of the city entrusted to some other officer; he shall be clerk of the common council, shall attend its meetings, record all its proceedings, ordinances and resolutions, and shall countersign and register all licenses granted, and report the same with the amount thereof to the common council monthly; he shall, when required, make and certify, under seal of the city, copies of the papers and records filed and kept in his office, and such copies shall be evi- dence in all places of the matters therein contained to the same extent as the original would be. he shall possess and exercise the powers and duties of township clerk so far as the same are required to be performed within the city, and shall have authority to administer oaths and affir- mations. he shall be entitled to a fee of fifty cents for each and every license issued by him, to be paid by the person obtaining the same. the city clerk may, subject to the approval of the common council, appoint a deputy, and such deputy may perform any and all the duties of such clerk: provided. that said deputy shall receive no compensation from the city. section . the city clerk shall be the general ac- countant of the city, and all claims against the corporation shall be filed with him for adjustment. after examination thereof he shall report the same, with all accompanying vouchers and counter claims of the city, and the true bal- ance as found by him to the common council for allowance, ■ section . in recording council proceedings, no ambiguous entries should be made, especially in recording votes when a majority vote is re- quired: mccormick vs. bay city, mich., . charter of the and when allowed, shall draw his warrant upon the treas- urer for the payment thereof, designated thereon the fund from which payment is to be made, and take proper receipts therefor; but no warrant shall be drawn upon any fund after the same has been exhausted, and any warrant so drawn shall be void. when any tax or money shall be levied, raised or appropriated, he shall report the amount thereof to the city treasurer, stating the object and fund lor which it is levied, raised or appropriated, and the amount thereof to be credited to each fund. section . the city clerk shall keep himself thor- oughly acquainted, and make himself conversant with the doings of all officers charged in any manner with the receipt, collection and disbursement of the city revenues, and shall have general supervision over all the property and assets of the city; he shall have charge of all books, vouchers and documents relating to the accounts, con- tracts, debts and revenues of the corporation; he shall countersign and register all bonds issued, and keep a list of all property and effects belonging to the city, and of all its debts and liabilities; he shall keep a complete set of books, exhibiting the financial condition of the corporation in all its departments, funds, resources and liabilities, with a proper classification thereof, and showing the purpose for which each fund was raised; he shall also keep an account with the treasurer, in which he shall charge him with all moneys received for each of the several funds of the city, and credit him with all the warrants drawn thereon, keeping a separate account with each fund; when any fund has been exhausted, he shall immediately advise the common council thereof; the city clerk shall be the clerk of the board of public works and all other boards, the clerk of all standing and special committees of the common council, and the clerk of all the boards of the city that may from this time be established. he shall render to the common council on the first monday of every month, and oftener if required, a report of the amount of all or- city op ann arbor. ders drawn since the last preceding report, what orders remain outstanding and unpaid, and the balance remain- ing to the credit of each fund. section . the city clerk shall report to the com- mon council whenever required a detailed statement of the receipts, expenditures and financial condition of the city, of the debts to be paid and moneys required to meet the estimated expenses of the corporation, and shall per- form such other duties pertaining to his office as the com- mon council may require. the clerk shall be the sealer of weights and measures for the said city, and shall per- form all the duties of township clerk relative thereto. section . the common council shall provide and fit up an office for the city clerk, and establish office hours during which said clerk shall be required to be at his office. justices of the peace. section . the justices of the peace in said city exercising civil jurisdiction shall be deemed justices of the peace of the county of washtenaw, and shall have all the powers and jurisdiction given by the general laws of the state in relation to civil and criminal cases before justices of the peace in townships, and appeals from their judg- ments and convictions may be made to the circuit court for the county of washtenaw in the same manner as appeals from justices'judgments and convictions in towns are made: provided, that all actions within the jurisdic- tion of justices of the peace may be cummenced and pros- ecuted in said justices' courts, when the plaintiff or defend- ant, or one of the plaintiffs or defendants reside in said city of ann arbor, in the township of ann arbor, in any township next adjoining the township of ann arbor, or in any city formed from a township of ann arbor: pro- section . the constitution fixes the power of justices of the peace and legislation cannot curtail or abolish their civil jurisdiction: altor vs. wayne auditors, mich., . their criminal jurisdiction depends entirely upon the statutes: sarah ways case, mich., . charter of the vided, that the township of ypsilanti shall be deemed to be a township adjoining the township of ann arbor within the meaning of this act. section . any justice of the peace residing in said city of ann arbor, shall have full power and authority, and it is hereby made the duty of such justice, upon com- plaint to him in writing, to inquire into and hear, try and determine all offenses which shall be committed within said city against any of the by-laws or ordinances which shall be made by the common council in pursuance of the powers granted by this act, and to punish the offenders as by said by-laws or ordinances shall be prescribed or directed, to award all process, and take recognizance for the keeping of the peace, for the appearance of the person charged, and upon appeal, and to commit to prison as occasion may require. in case there shall be at any time in said city, from any cause, no qualified justice of the peace, suits for a violation of any of the city ordinances may be brought before one of the justices of the peace of the township of ann arbor. the assessor. section . the assessor shall annually estimate the value of all the taxable real and personal property in the city, and make the several ward assessment rolls at the time and in the manner as hereinafter in this act provided; he shall spread upon said rolls any and all taxes duly cer- tified to him by order of the common council, by the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw, or by other proper authority; and his warrant attached to said rolls, directing the collection of the taxes so levied and spread thereon, shall have the same power and effect as the war- rant of a supervisor made in accordance with the state law. supervisors. section . the supervisors of the several wards shall have the like powers and perform the like duties city of ann arbor. as supervisors of townships, except as herein otherwise provided; they shall represent their several wards in the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw, and shall have all the rights, privileges and powers of the several members of such board. constables. section . the constables shall have the like pow- ers and authority in matters of civil and criminal nature, and in relation to the service of all manner of civil and criminal process, as are conferred by law upon constables in townships, and shall receive the like fees for their ser- vices and be subject to like liabilities for any neglect of duty imposed by general law upon constables in townships. they shall have power also to serve all process issued for breaches of the ordinances of the city. they shall obey all lawful orders of the mayor, alderman, and chief of po- lice, and of any court or justice of the peace exercising jurisdiction in causes for breaches of the ordinances of the city; and shall discharge all duties required of them by any ordinance, resolution, or regulation of the common council, and for any neglect or refusal to perform any duty required of him, every constable shall be subject to re- moval from office by a vote of the common council. chief of police. section . the marshal shall be the chief of the police of the city. he shall be subject to the direction of the mayor. it shall be his duty to see that all the ordi- nances and regulations of the common council, made for the preservation of quiet and good order, and for the safety and protection of the inhabitants of the city, are section . constables are local peace officers. the constitution used the word as having a known meaning, and their functions of a peace officer in the arrest of criminals, and the prevention of crimes and disturbances cannot be taken away by legislation. allor vs. wayne auditors, mich., . they must be elected: abels vs. ingham supervisors, mich., . a constable cannot serve process in his own favor: morton vs. crane, mich., . charter of the promptly enforced, and when he shall know or learn of the violation of any ordinance of the city or penal statute of the state, it shall be his duty to enter complaint before one of the justices of the peace of said city, and to do what- ever shall be necessary to bring the offender to justice. he shall have the same power to serve and execute all process issued by any justice of the peace of said city in behalf of said city or of the people of the state for offences committed within said city as sheriffs or constables have by law to serve and execute similar process, and shall sup press all riots, disturbances, and breaches of the peace, and for that purpose may command the aid of all citizens in the performance of such duty. he shall arrest all disor- derly persons in the city, and pursue and arrest any per- son fleeing from justice in any part of the state. he may arrest upon view, and with or without process, any person found in the act of committing any offense against the laws of the state or the ordinances of the city, and forth- with take such person before the proper magistrate or court for examination or trial, and may arrest persons found drunk in the streets and imprison them until they shall become sober: provided, that nothing in this sec- tion contained shall be construed to authorize the marshal to arrest without process, under a state law, any person charged with an offense within the jurisdiction of justices of the peace. section . the marshal shall report, in writing and on oath, to the common council at their first meeting in each month, all arrests made by him and the cause thereof, section . an arrest without a warrant is not lawful, except where public security requires it. there must be reasonable belief of felony or a breach of the peace committed in the officer's presence: allor vs. wayne auditors, mich., , : sarah way's case, mich., ; quinn vs. helsel, mich., . arrests for misdemeanors can only be made without a war- rant by an officer who actually sees the offense which constitutes the mis- demeanor: ross vs. leggett, mich., . arrests for vagrancy without a warrant can rarely be justified: sarah way's case, mich., . see dren- nan vs. people, mich., . city of ann arbor. and all persons discharged from arrest during the month; also, the number remaining in confinement for breaches of the ordinances of the city; and the amount of all fines and fees collected by him. all money collected or received by the marshal, for fines, fees or for any services performed by him in any official capacity, unless other- wise directed by this act, shall be paid into the city treas- ury during the same month when received, and the treas- urer's receipt therefor shall be filed with the city clerk. section . the marshal shall not leave the city without the consent of the mayor except in pursuit of fugi- tives from justice or for the arrest of persons charged with a violation of the city ordinancas. in the absence of the marshal or his inability to serve, the mayor may designate any policeman or constable to perform his duties. city treasurer. section . the city treasurer shall have the custody of all moneys, bonds, mortgages, notes, and evidences of value belonging to the city. he shall receive all moneys belonging to and receivable by the corporation, and keep an account of all receipts and expenditures thereof. he shall pay no money out of the treasury except in pursu- ance of and by the authority of law, and upon warrants signed by the city clerk and countersigned by the mayor, or for school purposes by the proper officers, which shall specify the purpose for which the amounts thereof are to be paid. he shall keep an accurate account of, and be charged with all taxes and moneys appropriated, raised, or received for each fund of the city, and shall keep a sep- arate account of each fund and credit thereto all moneys raised, paid in, or appropriated therefor, and shall pay section . no money can be lawfully paid out of tlie city treasury ex- cept upon warrants drawn according to the charter. in mccormick vs. bay city, i mich.. , it was held that money paid by the treasurer without such warrant, even if it were legally due could not be charged to tha city by the treasurer. charter of the every warrant out of the particular fund constituted or raised for the purpose for which the warrant was issued, and having the name of such fund, the name of the payee, and the time of maturity indorsed thereon by the city clerk. he shall cancel such warrants when paid, and shall collect all taxes levied or assessed in the city. for the purpose of the collection and return of all taxes, and the return of property delinquent for the non-payment of taxes, and for the purpose of suits for the collection of taxes, the said treasurer, on giving the bonds or surety so required by the charter or any law of the state, shall pos- sess all the powers and perform all the duties of the sev- eral township treasurers of this state, as prescribed by law, and shall also perform such other duties, respecting the collection and return of taxes, as this act imposes. section . the treasurer shall render to the city clerk on the first monday of every month, and oftener if required, a report of the amounts received and credited by him to each fund, and on what account received; the amounts paid out by him from each fund during the pre- ceding month, and the amount of money remaining in each fund on the day of his report; such report shall be accom- panied with a certificate from the cashier of the bank in which the moneys of the city may be deposited, showing the amount of money in the bank to the credit of the city on the day on which the treasurer's report is made. he shall also exhibit to the common council, annually, on the first monday in march, and as often and for such period as the common council shall require, a full and detailed ac- count of (he receipts and disbursements of the treasury since the date of his last annual report, classifying them by the funds to which receipts are credited and out of which such disbursements are made, and the balance re- maining in each fund, which account shall be filed in the office of the city clerk and shall be published in one or more of the newspapers of the city. he shall file all charter of the keep a full record of all the proceedings of the common council, and perform such other duties relating to his office as the common council may direct. in the absence of the clerk or his deputy from any session of the common coun- cil, the common council shall appoint one of their number to act as clerk during said session. section . the common council shall be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its own mem- bers. it shall hold regular stated meetings for the tran- saction of business at such times and places within the city as it shall prescribe, not less than one of which shall be held in each month. the city clerk, by the direction of the mayor or the president of the common council, or on the written request of three aldermen, shall call special meetings of the council, notice of which, in writing, shall be given to each member, or be left at his place of resi- dence, at least two hours before the meeting. section . the clerk's record should he full and complete. where the charter requires a majority vote, the number if not the names of voters on each side should be recorded: mecormlek vs. bay city, mich., . the record should be its own interpreter: rood vs. school district, etc., doug., ; allen vs. carpenter, mich., , . no inference can be drawn from an ambiguous record: sherman vs. palmer, mich., d, and no con- jecture is admissable when charter requires a record: yelverton vs. steele, mich., . verbal evidence is not admissible to contradict the records: stevenson vs. bay city, mich., ; hall vs. people, mich., , although mistakes, it would seem, may be corrected: hall vs. people, mich., , and omissions in the record may be supplied: taymouth vs. koehler, mich.. , but evidence of oral instructions, given a street commissioner in open session are excluded: davis vs. jackson, mich.. . the record may be contradicted as to the terms of an oral proposition made to the council by a citizen: long vs. battle creek, mich., . the importance of the records being complete in every detail is emphasized in mccormick vs. bay city, mich., , where the court says: ''very much of the litigation against municipal bodies is due to the carelessness of the keepers of their records." section . the council is the final judge of the election and qualifica- tion of its own members and its decision cannot be reviewed by the courts: people vs. harshaw, mich., ; alter vs. simpson, mich., ; people vs. fitzgerald, mich., , and a subsequent council cannot grant a rehear- ing of the case: doran vs. deloug, mich.. - , a meeting held at any time without notice when all the members of the council are present and consenting to such meeting would seem to be legal; hulln vs. people, mich., . city of ann arbor. section . all meetings and sessions of the council shall be in public. a majority of the members elect shall make a quorum for the transaction of business; a less number may adjourn from time to time, and may compel the attendance of absent members in such manner as may be prescribed by ordinance; but no office shall be created or abolished, nor any tax or assessment be imposed, street, alley or public ground be vacated, real estate or any in- terest therein sold or disposed of, or private property be taken for public use, unless by a concurring vote of two- thirds of all the members elect; nor shall any vote of the council be reconsidered or rescinded at a special meeting, unless there be present as many members as were present 'when such vote was taken. no money shall be appropri- ated except by ordinance or resolution of the council; nor shall any resolution be passed or adopted except by a vote of the majority of all the members elect, except as herein otherwise provided. section . the council shall prescribe the rules of its own proceedings and keep a record on the journal thereof. all votes of appointments to office and measures incurring expense, and on the adoption of all ordinances, shall be taken by yeas and nays, and be so entered upon the journal as to show the names of those voting in the affirmative and those in the negative. any one member of the council shall have the right to demand the yeas and nays on any question, and all votes shall be entered at large on the journal; and within one week after any meeting of the council, all the proceedings and votes taken thereat shall be published in one or more newspa- pers of the city. section . a majority of the members elect would be seven and it is necessary that seven members of the council vote for each resolution passed; mccormick vs. bay city, mich., . section . all proceedings of the council should be in writing. they must not be left in parol: moser vs. white, mich., : powers appeal, mich., . it is imperative that the yeas and nays be entered upon the re- cord in order to sustain the proceedings of the council: strikert vs. east saginaw, mich., . city of ann arbor. required by law to be kept elsewhere), to be deposited and kept in the office of the city clerk, and to be so arranged, filed and kept as to be convenient of access and inspec- tion; and all such records, books and papers shall be sub- ject to inspection by any inhabitant of the city or other person interested therein, at all seasonable times, except such parts thereof as in the opinion of the council it may be necessary for the furtherance of justice to withhold for the time being. any person who shall secrete, injure, deface, alter or destroy any such books, records, docu- ments or papers, or expose the same to loss or destruction with intent to prevent the contents or true meaning or import of any thereof from being known, shall, on convic- tion thereof, be punished by imprisonment in the state prison, not longer than one year, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by both such fine and imprison- ment, in the discretion of the court. section . no member of the common council shall, during the period for which he was elected, be ap- pointed to or be competent to hold any office, the emolu- ments of which are to be paid from the city treasury or be paid by fees under any act or orjinance of the common council, or be bondsmen or surety on any contract or bond given to said city; but this section shall not be construed to deprive any member of any emoluments or fees to which he may be entitled by virtue of his office. any member of the council offending against the provisions of this section, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail not less than one nor more than six months, or both, in the discretion of the court, and shall forfeit his office. section . any person appointed to office by the mayor, by authority of this act, may be suspended by the mayor or removed by him with the consent of the major- ity of the members elect of the council, and the council may expel any alderman or remove from office any person charter of the elected thereto, except justices of the peace, by a concur- ring vote of two thirds of all the aldermen elect. in case of elective officers, provision shall be made by ordinance for preferring charges and trying the same, and no re- moval of an elective officer shall be made unless a charge in writing is preferred, and an opportunity given to m ike a defense thereto. section . to enable the council to investigate charges against any officer, or such other matter as it may deem proper to investigate, the mayor or any justice of the peace is empowered, at the request of the council, to issue subpoenas or process by warrant to compel the attendance of persons and the production of books and papers before the council or any committee. section . whenever the council, or any committee of the members thereof,,are authorized to compel the at- tendance of witnesses for the investigation of matters which may come before them, the presiding officer of the council or chairman of such committee for the time being, shall have power to administer the necessary oaths; and such council or committee shall have the same power to compel witnesses to testify as is conferred on courts of justices of the peace. section . the council shall audit and allow all ac- counts chargeable against the city, but no claim not certi- fied to by the city official ordering the work done or the purchase made shall be received for audit or allowance, unless it shall be accompanied by an affidavit of the per- son presenting it that the services therein charged for have been actually performed, or the goods delivered to the city, that the sums charged are reasonable and just, and that to the best of his knowledge and belief no set-off ex- ists, nor payment has been made on account thereof, ex- cept such as are endorsed or referred to in such account or claim. and every such account shall exhibit in detail all the items making up the amount claimed and the true charter of the lish, amend and repeal such ordinances, by-laws and regu- lations as they may deem desirable, within said city, for the following purposes: first. to prevent vice and immorality, to preserve public peace and good order, to organize, maintain and regulate a police of the city, to prevent and quell riots, disturbances and disorderly assemblages, to prevent the violation of the sabbath and the disturbance of any re- ligious congregation, or any other public meeting assem- bled for any lawful purpose. to license newsboys, pro- hibit the sale of indecent and obscene newspapers, or other indecent and obscene publications, and authorize the seizure and destruction of the same; second. to restrain and prevent disorderly and gam- ing houses and houses of ill-fame, and seize all instru- ments and devices used for gaming, and to prohibit all mock auctions, gaming and fraudulent practices and de- vices, and to regulate and restrain billiard tables and bowling alleys; third. to forbid and prevent the vending or other disposition of liquors and intoxicating drinks in vio- lation of the laws of this state, and to forbid the selling or giving to be drank, any intoxicating .or fermented liquors to any common drunkard, or to any child or young person, and to prohibit, restrain and regulate the sale of section . to give effect to these general powers appropriate ordi- nances regulating their exercise must be enacted: jackson vs. people, mich., . the ordinance should conform as nearly as possible to state leg- islation on the same subject matter. new and extraordinary remedies can- not be provided in ordinances unless the power to provide such remedies is expressly given, and all ordinances and by-laws must be reasonable: welch vs. stowell, doug., . a city can exercise only those powers expressly granted it by its charter or by necessary implication: detroit vs. blackeby, mich., , and where the charter enumerates powers which the council may render effectual by providing penal prosecutions, the specific enumer- ation implies an exclusion of the right to impose penalties in other cases: grand rapids vs. hughes, mich., . second, the council cannot provide for the suppression of disorderly houses by destroying the buildings. it is not the building but the evil prac- ticed in it which constitutes the offence: welch vs. stowell, doug., . city of ann arbor. all goods, wares, and personal property at auction, except in cases of sales authorized by law, and fix the fees to be paid by and to auctioneers; fourth. to prohibit, restrain and regulate all sports, exhibitions of natural or artificial curiosities, caravans of animals, theatrical exhibitions, circuses, or other public performances and exhibitions for money, except exhibi- tions of agricultural, educational or religious societies or associations, or local musical societies; fifth. to abate or remove nuisances of every kind, and to compel the owner or occupant of any grocery, tal- low-chandler shop, butcher's stall, slaughter-house, glue, starch or soap factory, establishment for rendering tallow, lard or oil, and all establishments where any nauseous, offensive or unwholesome business may be carried on, blacksmiths', coopers', cabinet makers', carpenters' and joiners' shops, and all buildings, business, and establish- lishments of any kind usually classed as extra hazardous in respect to fire; tannery, stable, privy, hog-pen, sewer, or any other offensive or unwholesome house or place, to cleanse, remove or abate the same from time to time, as often as the health, comfort or convenience, or safety of the inhabitants of said city may require; sixth. to direct the location of all slaughter-houses, markets, stables, and buildings for storing gun-powder or other combustible or explosive substances; section . fifth, declaring a tiling a nuisance does not make it so, if it is not a nuisance in fact: horn vs. people, mich., . obstructions in the street are not necessarily nuisances: people vs. carpenter, i mich., , whether they are or not is a question of fact. if the rights of a private in- dividual or the adjacent owners merely are effected, the remedy can only be by private action: people vs. jackson, mich., ; messersmldt vs. people, mich., . whatever competent authority permits, cannot be treated as a nuisance: g. r. & i. r. r. vs. heisel, mich., ; hawkins vs. saunders, mich., . property is not to be destroyed in abating nuisances until its destruction is lawfully ascertained to be necessary to stop the nuisance: shepard vs. people, mich., . a wooden awning in front of a store is not per se to be treated as a nuisance: hawkins vs. saunders, mich., . city op ann arbor. large of dogs, and to impose taxes on the owners of dogs, and to prevent dog fights in the city; fifteenth. to prohibit any person from bringing or depositing within the limits of said city any dead carcases or other unwholesome or offensive substances, and to re- quire the removal or destruction thereof; and if any per- son shall have on his premises such substances or any putrid meats, fish, hides, or skins of any kind, and shall neglect or refuse to remove the same when ordered: to authorize the removal or destruction thereof, as a public nuisance, by some officer of the city; sixteenth. to compel all persons to keep sidewalks in front of premises owned or occupied by them, clear from snow, ice, dirt, wood or other obstructions'; seventeenth. to regulate the ringing of bells and the crying of goods and other commodities for sale at auction or otherwise, and to prevent disturbing noises in the streets; eighteenth. to appoint and prescribe the powers and duties of watchmen, and the fines and penalties for their delinquencies; ninteenth. to prohibit, restrain or regulate within such parts of the city as they may deem expedient, and prescribe the building, rebuilding, enlarging, repairing or placing of wooden buildings therein; to regulate and es- tablish the line upon which buildings may be erected upon any street, lane or alley in said city, and to compel such buildings to be erected upon such line, by fine upon the owner or builder thereof, not to exceed five hundred dollars; twentieth. to provide for obtaining, holding, regula- ting and managing burial grounds, within or without the city, when established for the benefit thereof; and to reg- ulate the burial of the dead, and to compel the keeping and return of bills of mortality. charter of the twenty-first. to establish, order and regulate mar- ket places; to regulate the vending of wood, hay, meat, vegetables, fruits, fish and provisions of all kinds, and prescribe the time and place of selling the same, and the fees to be paid by butchers for license; to prohibit the sale of unwholesome meat, poultry, fish, vegetables or other articles of food or provisions; impure, spurious or adulterated wine, spirituous liquors or beer, or knowingly keeping or offering the same for sale; and to provide for and regulate the inspection of animals used for food, and the slaughter of the same: provided, that nothing herein contained shall authorize the common council to restrict in any way the sale of fresh and wholesome meats by the quarter within the limits of the city; twenty-second. to establish, regulate and preserve public reservoirs, wells, penstocks and pumps, and to pre- vent the waste of water; and to authorize and empower, under such regulations and upon such terms and condi- ditions as they may choose, the laying of water pipes in the streets and alleys of the city, for the purpose of sup- plying the inhabitants of said city with water; and to grant such exclusive privileges as they may deem expedi- ent to any company organized to supply said city and its inhabitants with water; and to contract with such com- pany to supply the city with water for fire and other public purposes; twenty-third. to regulate sextons and undertakers for burying the dead; cartmen and their carts, hackney carriages and their drivers, omnibuses and their drivers, scavengers, porters and chimney sweeps and their fees and compensation; and to make regulations for preventing auctions, peddling, pawnbrokerage, or using for hire carts, drays, cabs, hacks or any kind of carriage or vehicle, or opening.or keeping any tavern, hotel, victualing house, iseotiox . twenty-first, a city may impose a license upon markets and upou thosi selling in the public markets: ash vs. people, mich., . city of ann arbor. saloon or other house or place for furnishing meals, food or drink, or billiard tables or ball alleys, without first ob- taining from the common council license therefor; for licensing and regulating carts, drays, oabs, hacks, and all carriages or vehicles kept or used for hire; auctioneers, peddlers, pawnbrokers, auctions, peddling, pawnbrokerage, taverns, hotels, victualing houses, saloons and other houses for furnishing meals, food or drink, and keepers of billiard tables and ball alleys not used lor gaming; twenty-fourth. to prevent runners, stage-drivers and others from soliciting passengers and others to travel or ride in any stage, omnibus, or upon any railroad, or to go to any hotel or otherwhere; twenty fifth. to make regulations for the lighting of the streets and alleys and the protection and safety of public lamps; twenty sixth. to provide for and regulate the num- bering of the buildings upon the streets or alleys, and to compel the owners or occupants of buildings to affix num- bers on the same; twenty-seventh. to prescribe the duties of all offi- section twenty-third, as to the right of the city to impose licenses see (jooley on taxation, d edition, ; kitsou vs. ann arbor, mich., ; ash vs. people, mich., . the courts will not review municipal discre- tion as to the amount of the license fees when it lias not been abused. an annual license fee of $ on the business of a pawnbroker is held legal and not an abuse of the license power: van baalen vs. people, mich., ; wolf vs. lansing, mich., . a saloon is a place of refreshment and not necessarily a place for selling intoxicating liquors. an ordinance of the city of ann arbor requiring saloon keepers to take out a license and pay a substantial license tax is not in violation of the clause of the constitution forbidding licenses for the sale of intoxicating liquors: kitson vs. ann arbor, mich., . in wolf vs. lansing, mich., , a license of $ in addition to the state tax for selling intoxicating liquors was sustained by the court and held not excessive. section . twenty-fourth, in napmad vs. detroit, mich., , when an employee of a hack line had entered a depot in violation of a city ordi- nance, it was held that lawful arrangements made between the railroad company and hackmen to be performed on the company's premises are ex- empt from municipal interference, and ordinances attempting such inter- ference are invalid. charter of the cers appointed by the common council, and their compen- sation, and the penalty or penalties for failing to perform such duties, and to prescribe the bonds and sureties to be given by the officers of the city for the discharge of their duties, and the time for executing the same in cases not otherwise provided for by law; twenty eighth. to provide for the cleansing and preserving of the salubrity of the waters of the huron river, or other streams within the limits of the city; to fill up all low grounds or lots covered, or partially cov- ered with water, or to drain the same, as they may deem expedient; twenty-ninth. to prescribe and designate the stands for carriages of all kinds, which carry persons for hire, and carts and carters, and to prescribe the rates of fare and charges, and the stand or stands for wood, hay and produce exposed for sale in said city; thirtieth. to provide for taking a census of the in- habitants of said city, whenever they may see fit, and to direct and regulate the same; thirty-first. to establish a grade for streets and sidewalks and cause the sidewalks to be constructed in accordance with the same; thirty-second. to prescribe the duties of sealer of weights and measures, and the penalty for using false weights and measures, and all the laws ot this state in re- lation to the sealing of weights and measures shall apply to said city, except as herein otherwise provided; thirty-third. to direct and regulate the construction of cellars, barns, private drains, sinks and privies; to compel the owner or occupant to fill up, drain, cleanse, alter, relay or repair the same, or to cause the same to be done by some proper officer of the corporation, and to assess the expenses thereof on the lot or premises having such cellar, barn, dram, sink, or privy thereon. city of ann arbor. thirty-fourth. to provide for the protection and care of poor persons and of paupers, and to prohibit and prevent all persons from bringing or sending to the city from any other place any pauper or other person likely to become a charge upon said city, and to punish therefor; to provide by ordinance for the election or appointment of an overseer of the poor for the city, and to prescribe his duties and vest him with such authority as may be proper for the exercise of his duties, and to provide for the organization of a board of poor commissioners, who shall serve without compensation. thirty-fifth. to provide for and change the location and grade of street crossings of any railroad track, and to compel any railroad company or street railway company to raise or lower their rail road track to conform to street grades, which may be established by the city from time to time, and to construct street crossings in such a man- ner as the council may require, and to keep them in re- pair; also to require and compel railroad companies to keep flagmen or watchmen at all railroad crossings of streets, and to give warning of the approach and passage of trains thereat, and to light such crossings during the night; to regulate and prescribe the speed of all locomo- tives and railroad trains within the city; but such speed shall not be required to be less than four miles an hour, and to impose a fine of not less than five or more than fifty dollars upon the company, and upon any engineer or conductor violating any ordinance regulating the speed of trains. ordinances. section . the style of all ordinances shall be, "the common council of the city of ann arbor ordain." all ordinances shall require, for their passage, the concur- rence of a majority of all the members elect. the time when any ordinance shall take effect shall be prescribed therein. such time, when the ordinance imposes a charter of the penalty, shall not be less than ten days from the date of its publication, as hereinafter provided. section . whenever by the provisions of this act, the common council shall be authorized to pass ordi- nances for any purpose, they may prescribe fines, penal- ties, and forfeitures for the violation of the same, not ex- ceeding one hundred dollars, or imprisonment not exceed- ing ninety days or both in the discretion of the court. such imprisonment may be in the common jail of the county of washtenaw, in the city lock-up or in the de- troit house of correction. the fine, penalty or imprison- ment, for the violation of any ordinance, shall be pre- scribed therein, and during such imprisonment all such offenders may be kept at labor. section . on the day next after the passage of any ordinance, the clerk of the common council shall present the same to the mayor or other person performing the duties of the mayor, for his approval. no ordinance shall be of any force without the written approval of the mayor or other person performing for the time being the duties of his office, unless he omit to return it to the clerk of the common council with his objections thereto within ten days after its presentation to him in which case it shall be deemed regularly enacted. if after the return of the ordinance with the objections thereto, as aforesaid, the same shall be passed or re-enacted by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elect of the common council, the ordi- nance shall be deemed regularly enacted, and the time of its re-enactment shall be deemed to be the time of its passage. section . at the time of presenting any ordinance section the omission of the enacting clause does not necessarily nullify the ordinance: people vs. murray. mich., . it requires seven members of the council voting affirmatively to pass an ordinance . the or- dinance must be in writing before it can be acted upon: stevenson vs. bay city, mich., . see notes to section . it is indispensible that every or- dinance should express the time when it shall take effect: van alstine vs. people, mich., . city op ann arbor. to the mayor for his approval, the clerk of the cominon council shall certify thereon, and also in the journal or record of the proceedings of the council, the time when the same was presented, and shall also certify thereon and in such journal or record, the time of the return of such ordinance, whether approved or with objections, and shall at the next meeting of the common council report any ordinance returned, with the objections thereto. section . no repealed ordinance shall be revived unless the whole or so much as is intended to be revived, shall be re enacted. when any section of an ordinance is amended, the whole section as amended shall be re-en- acted. section . all ordinances when approved by the mayor, or when regularly enacted shall be immediately recorded by the clerk of the common council in a book to be called "the record of ordinances," and it shall be the duty of the mayor and clerk to authenticate the same by their official signatures upon such record. section . within one week after the approval or final passage of any ordinance the same shall be published in one or more newspapers printed and circulated within the city, and the clerk shall, immediately after such pub- lication, enter on the record of ordinances in a blank space to be left for such purpose under the recorded ordinance a certificate stating in what newspaper and of what date such publication was made and sign the same officially, and such certificate shall be prima facie evidence that legal publication of such ordinance has been made. section . in all courts having authority to hear, section . failure to make the record here required does not invali- date the ordinance: stevenson vs bay city, mich., . section . publication is necessary to the validity of an ordinance: van alstine vs. people, mich., . the same case also decides that where the ordinance requires to be published two weeks, publication in two issues of a weekly paper will not be legal if it is shown that less than two weeks' notice is actually given. charter of the try, or determine any matter or cause arising under the ordinances of said city, and in all proceedings in said city relating to or arising under the ordinances, or any ordi- nance thereof, judicial notice shall be taken of the enact- ment, existence, provisions and continuing force of the ordinance of the city; and whenever it shall be necessary to prove any of the laws, regulations or ordinances of said city, or any resolution adopted by the common council, the same may be read in all courts of justice and in all the proceedings: first, from a record thereof kept by the city clerk in the record of ordinances; second, from a copy thereof, or of such record thereof, certified by the city clerk under the seal of the city; third, from any volume of ordinances purporting to have been written or printed by the authority of the council. enforcement of ordinances. section . the corporation of the city of ann arbor shall be allowed to use the common jail of the county of section . unless required by statutes courts cannot take judicial no- tice of municipal ordinances unless proved before them: motz vs detroit, mich., . the state law places ordinances on the same footing as general laws, so far as relates to the proving of their contents: howell's statutes, sec. . an ordinance may be proved from a printed copy thereof: nap- man vs. people, mich., . see van alstine vs. people mich., . section . violation of city ordinances are not criminal offenses, nor are prosecutions under them criminal causes: mixer vs. supervisors of manistee, mich., . cases under city ordinances cannot be taken to the supreme court by writ of error or exceptions but must come up on certio- rari: people vs. jackson, mich., , . but after voluntary payment of fine the proceedings cannot be reviewed on certiorari: people vs. leavitt, mich., . prosecutions for violation of city ordinances are penal actions on the part of the city and must be brought in the name of the city: cooper vs. people, mich., . a city is not bound by neglect of its officers in en- forcing its ordinances: detroit vs. fort street & elmwood railway com- pany, mich., . an injunction will not lie to restrain the threatened violation of an ordinance, unless the act threatened to be done, would if carriedout.be a nuisance: st. johns vs. mcfarlan, mich., . expenses for prosecuting and punishing violations of city ordinances are city and not county charges and even in the absence of the express provision of the charter, the city is liable to pay for them. the right to use the jail does not charge the county with expense: mixer vs. supervisors of manistee, mich., . city of ann arbor. washtenaw for the imprisonment of all persons liable to imprisonment under the ordinances of said city, and all persons committed to jail by any justice of the peace for a violation of any such ordinance shall be in the custody of the sheriff of the county, who shall safely keep the person so committed until lawfully discharged, as in other cases. whenever, by the terms of any ordinance of said city, it is provided that any person convicted of a violation thereof, shall be imprisoned, said person may be confined in the county jail of the county of washtenaw, a city lock up, or in the house of correction in the city of detroit, in the dis- cretion of the court: provided, that the said city ot ann arbor shail pay all the expenses of imprisoning persons charged with the violation of city ordinances. section . whenever any person shall be charged with having violated any of the by laws or ordinances of the city, by which the offender is liable to imprisonment, any justice of the peace residing in said city, to whom complaint shall be made, in writing, and on oath, shall issue a warrant directed "to the city marshal, policeman or any constable of the city of ann arbor," commanding him forthwith to bring the body of such person before him to be dealt with according to said laws or ordinances of the city, and the marshal or other officer to whom said warrant shall be delivered for service is hereby authorized and required to execute the same, in any part of the state where such offender may be found, under the penalties which are by law incurred by sheriffs and other officers for neglecting or refusing to execute other criminal process and the proceedings relating to the arrest and custody of the offender pending trial, the pleadings and all proceed- ings upon the trial of such cause, and the rendition of judgment and the execution thereof shall, except as other- wise provided by this act, be governed by, and conform as nearly as may be to the provisions of law relating to pro- ceedings in criminal causes cognizable by a justice of the peace under the general laws of this state. city of ann arbor. section . in all trials before any justice of the peace of any person charged with a violation of any ordi- nance of the said city, either party shall be entitled to a jury of six persons; and all the proceedings for the sum- moning of such jury and in the trial of the cause shall be in conformity, as near as may be, with the mode of pro- ceeding in similar cases before justices of the peace; and in all cases, civil and criminal, the right of appeal from the justices' court to the circuit court of washtenaw county shall be allowed, and the person appealing shall enter into a recognizance, conditioned to prosecute the appeal in the circuit court, and abide the order of the court therein, or such other recognizance as is or may be required by. law in appeals from justices'courts in similar cases: provided, if any judgment in any action shall be rendered against the city by any justice of the peace, such judgment may be removed by appeal to the circuit court in the same manner and with the same effect as though the city were a natural person, except that no bond or recognizance to the adverse party shall be necessary to be executed on behalf of the said city. • section . all fines imposed by any ordinance of said city may be sued for by the city attorney in the name of the corporation before any justice of the peace of said city; and whenever any fine shall be imposed by any jus- tice of the peace for a violation of any ordinance of said city, it shall be the duty of the justice forthwith to issue execution to the marshal of the city, commanding him to collect of the goods and chattels of the person so offending, the amount of such fine, with interest and costs, and for want of goods and chattels wherewith to satisfy the same, that he take the body of the defendant and commit him to the common jail of the county, or to the house of correc- tion in the city of detroit, in the discretion of the court, to be safely kept by the officer in charge thereof until said section . see sheldon vs. hill, mich., . charter of the defendant be discharged by due course of law; and the defendant shall remain imprisoned until the execution, with all the costs and charges thereon shall be paid, or he be discharged by due course of law: provided, that the common council may remit such fine, in whole or in part, if it shall be made to appear that the person so imprisoned is unable to pay the same. section . all fines, penalties or forfeitures recov- ered before any of said justices for a violation of the ordi- nances of said city shall, when collected, be paid into the city treasury; and each of said justices shall report, on oath, to the common council, on the first mondays of jan- uary, april, july and september, during the term for which he shall perform the duties of such justice, the num- ber and name.of every person against whom judgment shall have been rendered for such fine, penalty or forfeit- ure, and all moneys so received, or which may be in his hands, collected on such fine, penalty or forfeiture shall be paid into the city treasury on the first monday of the months above named, during the time such justice shall exercise the duties of said office, and for any neglect in this particular he may be suspended or removed, "as hereinbefore provided. section . all persons being habitual drunkards, destitute, and without any visible means of support, and who, being such habitual drunkards, shall abandon, neg- lect, or refuse to aid in the support of their families, being complained of by such families, all able-bodied and sturdy beggars who may apply for alms or solicit charity, all per- sons wandering abroad, lodging in watch-houses, out- houses, market-places, sheds, stables, or uninhabited dwellings, or in the open air, and not giving a good account section . b'ines collected under the city ordinances belong to the city and not the county: fennell vs. bay city, mich., . the courts draw a clear distinction between violations of the ordinances and violations of the charter. the charter is a state law and fines for its violation go into the county treasury: wayne county vs. detroit, mich., . city op ann arbor. of themselves, all common brawlers and disturbers of the public quiet, and all persons who beg from door to door or in the streets of said city, shall be deemed vagrants, and may upon conviction before any justice of the peace in said city, be sentenced to confinement in the county jail of said county, the city lock-up, or the house of correc- tion in the city of detroit, for such time, not exceeding sixty days, as the common council shall by ordinance pre scribe. section . all persons who shall have actually abandoned their wives or children in said city, or may neg- lect to provide according to their means, for their wives or children, are hereby declared to be disorderly persons, within the meaning of chapter fifty-five of the compiled laws of eighteen hundred and seventy-one, as amended, and may be proceeded against in the manner directed by said title; and it shall be the duty of the magistrate be- fore whom any such person may be brought for examina- tion, to judge and determine from the facts and circum- stances of the case whether the conduct of said person amounts to such desertion, or neglect to provide for his wife or children. police. section . the common council of said city may provide by ordinance for a police force, and for the ap- pointment by the mayer, by and with the consent of the council, of such numbers of policemen or nightwatchmen as they may deem necessary for the good government of the city, and for the protection of the persons and prop- erty of the inhabitants; and may authorize the mayor to appoint special policemen from time to time, when in his judgment the emergency or necessity may so require, and may provide for and appoint subordinate officers for the police and nightwatchmen. section . the common council may make and establish rules for the regulation and government of the charter of the police, prescribing and defining the powers and duties of policemen and nightwatchmen, and shall prescribe and enforce such police regulations as will most effectually preserve the peace and order of the city, preserve the in- habitants from personal violence, and protect public and private property from destruction by fire and unlawful depredation. and the mayor may, whenever he shall deem it necessary for the preservation of peace and good order in the city, appoint and place on duty such number of temporary policemen as in his judgment the emergen- cies of the case may require; but such appointments un- less made in accordance with some ordinance or resolution of the common council, shall not continue longer than three days. section . the city marshal, as chief of police under the direction of the mayor, shall have the superin- tendence and direction of the policemen and nightwatch- men, subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by the common council. section . it shall be the duty of the police and nightwatchmen and officers of the force, under the direc- tion of the mayor and chief of police, and in conformity with the ordinances of the city, to suppress all riots, dis- turbances and breaches of the peace, to apprehend any and all persons in the act of committing any offense against the laws of the state or any ordinance of the city, and to take the offender forthwith before the proper court or magistrate to be dealt with for the offense; to make complaint to the proper officers and magistrates of any person believed to be guilty of the violation of the ordi- nances of the city or the penal laws of the state, and at all times diligently and faithfully to enforce all such laws, ordinances and regulations for the preservation of good order and the public welfare as the council may ordain, and to serve all process issued under any city ordinance section . as to arrests without process see note to see. . city of ann are os. and directed to them for service, and for sueh purposes the chief of police and every policeman and nightwatehinan shall have all the powers of constables and may arrest upon view and without process any person in the act of violat- ing any ordinance of the city, or in the commission of any offense against the laws of the state. section . the mayor may suspend any policeman or nightwatchman for misconduct, or other sufficient cause, and with the consent of the common council may remove from office any policeman at any time. when employed in the performance of duty the policeman shall receive such compensation therefor from the city as the common council may prescribe. cemeteries. section . said city may acquire, hold, and own such cemetery or public burial place or places, either within or without the limits of the corporation as in the opinion of the common council shall be necessary for the public welfare and suitable for the convenience of the in- habitants. the common council may prohibit the inter- ment of the dead within the city, or may limit such inter- ments therein to such cemetery or burial place as they may prescribe; and may cause anybodies buried within the city in violation of any rule or ordinance made in re- spect to such burials, or when public policy shall demand, to be taken up and buried elsewhere. section . the common council may, within the limitations in this act contained, raise and appropriate such sums as may be necessary for the purchase of ceme- tery grounds, and for the improvement, adornment, pro- tection, and care thereof. section . the common council may pass and en- force all ordinances necessary to carry into effect the pro- visions herein contained, and to control and regulate such cemetery or burial place or improvement thereof, and to protect the same and the appurtenances thereof from in ■ charter of the sewers and drain? shall be constructed in the public streets and grounds and at public expense. section . whenever the council shall deem it necessary for the public health they may require the own- ers and occupants of lots and premises to construct pri- vate drains therefrom to connect with some public sewer or drain, thereby to drain such lots and premises, and to keep such private drains in repair and free from obstruc- tion and nuisance; and if such private drains are not con- structed and maintained according to such requirements, the common council may cause the work to be done at the expense of such owner or occupant, and the amount of such expense shall be a lien upon the premises drained, and may be collected by special assessment to be levied thereon; the common council shall have the power to compel the use of dry earth closets by the owners and oc- cupants of lots and premises, enforce the use of the same section . in dermot vs. detroit, midi., . the court says: "the powers granted * * * for the construction of sewers in volve the exer- cise of discretion on the part of municipal authorities, and should be em- ployed for the benefit ol the public at large and not for the private conven- ience or advantage of individuals; nor are the officers of a municipal cor- poration justified in the exercise of those powers except in reference to the public demands. the sewers are built as well for sanitary purposes as for drainage for the benefit of the public at large; and the city owes no legal duty or obligation to individuals in their construction, maintenance and repair." in this case it is held that a city is not liable to a private individ- ual for the defective construction of a sewer. the city is not obligated to furnish drainage for an individual. but the city is liable for damages if a sewer is so constructed as to flood private premises with water which otherwise would not have flowed there: ashley vs. port huron, mich., . and a city cutting ditches in such a way as to cast and maintain water on private property would be liable for the continuance of the nui- sance: pennoyer vs. saginaw. mich., . lot owners are not entitled to compensation for the use of abutting street for the construction of sewers: warren vs. grand haven, mich., . the sewers of a city are the pri- vate property of the city in which the outside public have no interest as they have in public highways. hence the city is liable for accidents to persons lawfully using the highways caused by negligence during the construction of the works even though the works are constructed by a contractor who is bound by his contract to keep the excavations fenced in: detroit vs. corey, mich., . the city may provide an outlet for sewerage beyond the city limits: coldwater vs. tucker, mich., . charter of the missioners of highways for said city, and shall have all the powers given by statute to highway commissioners, so far as applicable, except as in this act otherwise provided; and shall have the care, supervision and control of the highways, streets, bridges, lanes, alleys, parks and public grounds therein, and of keeping, preserving, repairing, im- proving, cleansing and securing of such highways, bridges, lanes, alleys, parks and public grounds. the common council shall have power by ordinance to regulate the time and manner of working upon the streets; to provide for grading and paving the same; to prevent the obstruc- tion or incumbering of any of the streets, lanes, alleys, sidewalks or public grounds in said city; to provide for the erection, preservation and maintenance of lamp posts and lamps in said streets, and to provide for lighting the same; to provide for the planting and protection of shade trees along the sides of the streets, and on the public grounds jn said city, and to keep such public grounds in section . the streets of a city are public highways designed for the benefit of all persons desiring to travel upon them: detroit vs. blackeby. mich., , . a highway is a way over which all the people of the state have a right to travel: people vs. jackson, mich., . a street includes the whole width of public way, and while it is customary to set apart a por- tion for foot passengers it is not necessary, and the whole matter is in the control of the council: brevoort vs. detroit, mich , . the court in, horn vs. people, mich., , says, all " highways aresuch solely by mun- icipal law which may establish, regulate and destroy them at all times." to establish a public highway in any city plat there must be an offer to dedi- cate the lands and an acceptance by the public: field vs. manchester, mich., !); detroit vs. detroit* milwaukee r. r. co., mich., ; buskirk vs. strickland, mich., : county of wayne vs. miller, mich., . user by citizens is not enough to constitute an acceptance which must be by the proper municipal authorities: baker vs. johnston, mich.. . the acceptance must be made within a reasonable time: field vs. manchester, mich , ; cass supervisors vs. banks, mich., . see note to howell's statutes sections and . an alley is not a high way in the proper sense of the term. it is a way subject to a modified supervision, liable to be used for drainage, etc., under city regulations, but it is intended only for the conven- ience of adjacent property and not for general use like streets: paul vs. detroit, mich., . the council, under the power to control the streets has no right to grant their exclusive use to individuals: people vs. carpenter, mich., , and it cannot authorize a street to be used for a railroad track without compensa- charter of the hearing the persons interested who may appear before them, the common council shall determine to lay out, alter or discontinue any street, lane or alley, or build or vacate any bridge, they may proceed to obtain a release of the right-of way for the proposed street, lane or alley or of the damages accruing to abutting owners in case of a discon- tinuance, or because of the building or vacating any bridge, by gift or purchase. if the terms of such release shall not' be agreed upon, it shall be lawful for the mayor, or in case the mayor shall be absent, for the city clerk to apply to any justice of the peace of said city for the appointment of a.jury of twelve freeholders of the county to appraise the damages thereon to such persons as shall not have re- leased all claim for damages or agreed with the common council on the price to be paid by reason of the establish- ing, laying out, opening, altering or discontinuing such street, common, lane, alley, sidewalk, highway or water- rapids (decided by mich. supreme court in february .) the grade can be raised without compensation to the adjoining property owners in build- ing a bridge over a railroad track, if the city has power to construct such a bridge, but the construction of such a bridge is not implied from the power to grade streets: schneider vs. detroit (decided by mich. supreme court in .) the council cannot delegate the power of fixing the grade of a street to a committee or others: chilson vs. wilson, mich., . a street or alley must be opened for public use before a city ordinance can punish the obstruction of it: jackson vs. people. mich., ill; beecher vs. people, mich., . the land owners adjacent to a cul de sac have the right to close it: tillman vs. people, mich., . "encroaching," on the highway is inclosing a portion of it by walks or fences or occupying it by buildings; "obstructing" the highway is the placing of impediments in the street so as to m*ke its passage difficult or dangerous: grand rapids vs. hughes mich.. . the title to land can not be tried in a suit for violation of a city ordinance: beecher vs. people, mich., ; horn vs. people, mich., . nor can the city remove obstructions from land dedicated to public use as a street, but held adversely to the public: bay county vs. bradley, mich., ; grand rapids vs. whittlesey, ) mich., . the city cannot determine for itself the rights of the public in a case of disruted encroachment. when a person is in peaceable possession of land under color and claim of right it is not consistent with legal policy to allow him to be forcibly ejected without legal process: sheldon vs. kalamazoo, mich., . see clark vs. lake st. clair and new up river ice company, mich., . the law favors the planting and preservation of shade trees. if they city op ann arbor. course, or building, or vacating any bridge. upon the re- ceipt of such application, said justice shall make a list of twelve disinterested freeholders residing within the county, and shall issue venire, under his hand, directed to the marshal of said city, or any constable of said county, com- manding the officer therein named to summon the persons named in said list to be and appear at his office on some day to be named therein, not less than six days nor more than twelve days from the time of the issuing the same, to serve as jurors to appraise the damages occasioned by tak- ing the property described in such application for the pur- pose of such street, common, lane, alley, sidewalk, highway, watercourse or bridge, or for discontinuing the same; and if all the jurors shall not appear, the said justice shall cause a sufficient number of talesmen to be summoned to make a full jury. the jurors shall be sworn by such jus- tice to appraise the damages occasioned by taking the property described in such application /or the purpose aforesaid, or by any discontinuance. they shall proceed to view the premises described, and shall, within five days thereafter, make returns to the said justice in writing, signed by them, of their doings, which shall state the amount of damages awarded, if any, to whom payable, if known, and a statement of the time spent by them for that purpose, which return shall be certified by said justice and filed in the office of the clerk. such jurors shall be en- titled to receive one dollar per day and fifty cents for each half day, and six cents a mile for each mile actually trav- eled, and the justice and the marshal or constable each one dollar for their fees; and the award of said jury shall be final and conclusive. the damages which shall have been awarded as heretofore provided, or which shall have been are in a highway and must be removed, notice must be given to the owner of the adjacent land and a reasonable time given him to remove them. when a street commissioner acts on his own judgment in ordering the trees removed, he must be prepared to justify his action by showing that they were an obstruction and injury to the highway: clark vs. dasso, mich., . charter of the contracted to be paid by said common council, as in this section provided, and the fees and charges lawfully in- curred shall be levied and collected in said city, and shall be paid on the order of the common council as the other city charges, and such order for damages shall be delivered or tendered to the person or persons in whose favor such award of damages shall be made, if known, and residents of said city, before such street, lane or alley shall be opened or used: provided, the parties in whose favor an award of damages shall be made are unknown or be non- residents, it shall be sufficient to make award of damages to the unknown owner or owners, or non-resident owner or owners of the parcel of land taken, describing it as the parcel through which the street, lane, alley, sidewalk, bridge or highway may run, and the unknown parties or section . the right to take property for public use is given by the constitution: const. art. , sec. ; art. , sec. . before such property can be taken it must appear that the taking is necessary for the public use for which it is designed, and the taking can only be on the condition of making just compensation therefore: sheldon vs. kalamazoo, mich., ; detroit vs. beckman, mich., . the amount of the compensation must be determined by the jury, the verdict of which must be unanimous: paul vs. detroit, mich., ; powers appeal, mich., ; campau vs. detroit, mich., ; hinchman vs. detroit, mich., . the proceedings must be in strict conformity with the statute and every provision bearing on the rights of the parties to be effected must be observed: people vs. brighton, mich., ; specht vs. detroit. mich., ; powers appeal, mich., . personal service of the notices of street opening is necessary when such ser- vice can be had within the municipality: kundinger vs. saginaw, mich., . this case takes up many questions arising under this section, and decides that a juror who is interested iu having a street opened on account of some special gain or convenience m ly be challenged for cause; it is not necessary for the justice to make affidavit that he is not interested in the street; the right to appeal is not necessary to the validity of this section; the same jury may condemn land belonging to several persons if necessary for the opening of the street as it is not contemplated that more than one jury shall be called upon to determine the necessity of the street. surplus- age in the notice given will not vitiate it: sliepard vs. gates, mich., . but the description of the proposed route must not be uncertain: blodgett vs. whaley. mich., . absence of the proof of notice is fatal: blodgett vs. whaley, mich., ; granger vs. brockway, mich., . it is indispen- slble that the jury should be impartial, and the city being one of the parties it would be highly objectionable if not fatal to the proceedings if the city attorney should counsel the jury or assist in making their report: paul vs. detroit, mich., . charter of the any part thereof, by reason of encroachment or inclosure of the same. section . the common council shall have power to assess and levy by a tax the expenses of making, grad- ing, paving, opening, widening and repairing streets, lanes and alleys, and of putting curbstones, gutters and culverts therein; of grading, paving or planking, repairing and re- newing sidewalks, of draining low lands, of making drains and sewers and other local improvements upon the lots, premises and subdivisions thereof, which are in front of or adjoining such streets, sidewalks, drains, sewers and other improvements, or upon lots and premises which in the opinion of the common council are most benefitted thereby, or by a general tax, as they may deem proper; and the common council shall have the power to make all by laws and ordinances relative to the mode of assessing, levying and collecting such taxes: provided, that the common council in providing for the expense of grading and paving streets, lanes and alleys, may include the nec- essary cross walks, gutters, curbing and ballasting, and shall apportion such expense upon a local assessment dis- trict to be constituted of the lots or premises fronting upon that part of the street or alley proposed to be paved, or constituted of lots and premises fronting upon such im- provements, and such other lands as in the opinion of the common council may be benefitted by such improvement. when such assessment is to be made upon lots or premises section . special assessments upon adjacent lots and property ben- efited to defray the expense of public improvements are constitutional, but every requirement of the statute must be strictly complied with: williams vs. mayor, mich., . it is competent to assess the cost of local improve- ments upon the property deemed benefited thereby in proportion to (he benefits: hoyt vs. east saginaw, mich., . when a local assessment dis- trict is made, the council must [define the district. this duty cannot be delegated by the council to others : scofleld vs. lansing, mich., ; hoyt vs. east saginaw, mich., . local assessments may be apportioned according to frontage under legislation which permits that method to be fol- lowed: sheley vs. detroit, mich., . as to assessment districts for street opening see kentz vs. detroit, mich., . os charter of the such penalty or penalties as they may prescribe, require the owners or occupants of lots or premises in said city, or in any specified part thereof, to grade, construct, repair and renew sidewalks adjoining their respective premises in such manner as the common council may direct. if the owner or occupant of any lot or premises, after notice so to do shall have been posted on such lot or premises or otherwise given, served, or published, as the common council may direct by ordinance, resolution or otherwise, shall fail or neglect to construct, repair or renew any side- walk or to clear away any snow, ice or other obstruction from any sidewalk or to widen any street adjoining such lot or premises within such time as the common council may prescribe or require by ordinance, resolution, or otherwise, the board of public works may cause the same to be done at the expense of the city, and such expense, with ten per cent, added, shall be deemed to be a special assessment upon such lot or premises, and the common council may add the same to the amount of the general city tax on such lot or premises in the proper district tax roll made the same year the said expense for such im- provement was incurred or next thereafter to be made; and the amount so added shall be a lien on the premises in the same manner as the state, county and other city taxes to which it is added, and may be collected and en- forced, and, if not paid, the land sold therefor in the man- ner as for other ordinary taxes, and at the time of the sale of any such lot or premises for such delinquent tax or taxes, the city clerk or other officer of the city may cause the same to be bid off to the city in its corporate name, and if not redeemed within the time allowed by law, the city shall be entitled to a deed of such lot or premises from the auditor general as provided in all other cases, which deed shall be prima facie evidence of the regular- ity of all the proceedings by the common council and other officers of the city relating to such local improve- ment and assessment of the costs upon such lots or prem- city of ann arbor. ises as well as all the proceedings by the assessor and other officers from the valuation of such lot or premises to the date of the deed, inclusive, and of title in fee in the pur- chaser. section . whenever an action shall have been maintained and judgment recovered against said city by any person on account of damages sustained by reason of any defective sidewalk or opening in the same, occasioned by the wrong or negligence of the owner of or occupant of the premises in front of which said sidewalk shall be, or on account of any excavation in the street by any gas, hydraulic or railroad company, and such owner, occupant or company shall have been reasonably notified to appear and defend such action, the judgment, if any, obtained against said city, shall be conclusive as to the amount of the damages, and the validity of the claim of the city against such owner, occupant or company, and the same may be recovered in an action for money paid for the use of said owner, occupant or company, or in any other proper form of action. board of public works. section . there shall be a board of public works, consisting of three good and competent men who are elec- section . a court of chancery has no jurisdiction to contest the dis- cretion of the council as to when or where sidewalks shall be laid: irving vs. ford (decided april , in the mich. supreme court). a city is not compelled to build crosswalks. it can determine for itself the necessity for building them, and it is not liable for injuries received from a neglect to build: williams vs. grand rapids, mich., . but where the city has taken up a crosswalk while grading a street, it is liable for injuries received by leaving an excavation into which the plaintiff falls. so decided by our supreme court, may , , in alexander vs. big rapids. the city having reasonable time and opportunity must at all times keep crosswalks in such repair as to be reasonably safe and convenient for the public use: dal ton vs. albion, mich,, . section . judgement must be obtained against the city, before a suit can be maintained under this section: taylor vs. l. s. & m. s. r. r. co., mich., . the liability of the city for defective sidewalks is fixed, act no. of the public acts of . charter op the tors. the members of such board shall be appointed by the mayor, subject to the approval of the majority of the members elect of the common council, and shall hold office for the term of three years and until their successors are appointed and qualify, the said term to commence on the fifteenth day of may. section . the first members composing such board shall be appointed, one for the term of one year, one for the term of two years and one for the term of three years from the date of their appointment; and said mayor shall annually nominate to the common council on the first monday in may, or as soon thereafter as may be, a member of such board, for the term of three years. the members first appointed under this act shall, within ten days from the date of their appointment, meet and organ- ize the said board of public works by the election of one of their number as president; and the common council shall thereupon, and at all time thereafter, provide the board with a suitable office room for its meetings and bus- iness uses, and supply record books, stationery and other things necessary for the transaction of the business in charge of said board and provide for the payment, in like manner as other accounts against the city, of all necessary and lawful expenses incurred by said board. section . said board of public works shall, after the said public improvements have been first duly ordered by the common council, have supervision and charge of the construction and repair of all sidewalks, cellars under sidewalks, crosswalks, culverts, bridges, platforms, foun- tains, and reservoirs; the construction, repair and exten- sion of all the main and lateral sewers and drains; the erection, alteration, and repair of all engine houses, police stations, city halls, and other public buildings of every description in said city, except school houses and buildings for water-works; the deepening and cleaning of ditches and gutters; the cleaning, repairing, grading, planking, graveling, or covering with other material of all streets city of ann arbor. and alleys; the laying out and improvement of all parks and public grounds; and shall in addition thereto, exer- cise such other powers, and perform such other duties, in the superintendence, construction, and care of public works and improvements as the common council may from time to time by ordinance direct. said board of pub- lic works may recommend a change of grades for streets, alleys, lanes, and sidewalks to the common council, but shall make no change in the established grades of any streets, alleys, lanes, gutters or sidewalks of the city with- out the consent of the common council, made in pursuance of an ordinance of the city establishing all said grades. all plats or additions to the city shall be first submitted to the board of public works for its approval before the same are recorded. section . whenever the common council of said city shall have decided upon the making of any public im- provement it shall so declare by resolution and shall refer the matter to the board of public works and such other board or boards as may be interested therein and said board or boards, with all convenient dispatch shall deter- mine as to the particular kind of materials to be used therefor, and estimate, in detail the quantity of materials, the probable cost and expense of such work and of the materials and make a record thereof in their office; and cause to be prepared, so far as necessary, plans and speci- fications for such work or improvement; and report the determination and estimate to the common council. when such plans and specifications have been submitted to the common council, and approved by it, the said board of public works shall, except in the case of cleaning the ditches and gutters, and the repair of streets and sidewalks, advertise for the proposals for furnishing of material and section . where the board of public works change the grade of a street without the authority of the common council, the contractors making excavations under such unauthorized act of the board are liable to trespass f< r so doing: lamed vs. briscoe, mich., . charter of the for the performance of such work; and may require all bidders to furnish security for the performance of any con- tract awarded to them; and all bids submitted to said board shall be publicly opened by it, and, as soon there- after as may be, reported by the said board to the common council together with its recommendation in respect there- to; and no contracts shall be let by the said board until duly authorized by the common council; and no expendi- tures for any purpose exceeding twenty rive dollars shall be made by the said board except by consent ot the com- mon council. section . all contracts made by said board shall be in the name of the city of ann arbor; shall first be ap- proved, as to form, by the city attorney, shall be executed by the president and clerk of said board; and said board shall have direction of the performance thereof. the board shall reserve the right, in all contracts, to determine all questions as to the proper performance of such contracts, and as to the completion of the work specified therein; and in case of the improper, dilatory, or imperfect per- formance thereof, to suspend work at any time and to order the partial reconstruction of the same, it improperly done; to relet the work covered by said contract, or any unfinished portion thereof; or, by its employes, to take section . in butler vs. detroit, mich., , it was held that bids cannot be invited until an estimate and report is made to the council. the provision requiring the board of public works to make an estimate to the couucil is mandatory. the court said : "the plain purpose of this section is to prevent the council going forward with any work involving the expendi- ture of money without first considering both its expediency and probable cost. if they can take no definite steps and expend no money until they have had the views of a board especially familiar with the subject and a re- liable estimate of the burdens to be created, each one votes upon the scheme with his eyes open." if the board adopts, approves and reports to the coun- cil an estimate made by the city surveyor, it is a sufficient observance of the charter provision that an estimate be made: cuming vs. grand rapids, midi., . an advertisement, for bids purporting to emanate from the board of public works office, signed -, president, and stating that bidders are required to rile satisfactory bonds with the board of public works, and the expense of advertising is properly included in an assess- ment for street paving: beniteau vs. detroit, mich., . charter of the and his election to and acceptance of any office in said city shall be deemed a resignation of membership, and shall vacate his office in said board. no member of said board, street commissioner or city engineer, shall be per- sonally interested, either directly or indirectly, in any con- tract for any public work in said city ; nor in the purchase, sale or disposition of any material to be used or applied in or about any public work or improvement. any mem- ber of said board may be, at any time, removed by the common council of said city for official misconduct, or for the unfaithful or inefficient performance of the duties of his office: provided, that the charges against the said member sought to be removed, and the notice of the time and place of hearing the same, shall be served on him at least ten days previous to the time so assigned, and an opportunity given him to make his defense. when- ever a member shall be^emoved or a vacancy in said board shall occur by reason of the removal of any member from the city, resignation, death, or otherwise, the same shall be filled for the unexpired term by the appointment of the mayor, with the consent of the common council. section . all books, surveys, field notes, plats, plans, specifications and other records of every descrip- tion in the custody of said city engineer or other city offi- cers shall forthwith, on the organization of the board of public works, be delivered to it; and the same, together with all future surveys, surveyors' field notes, plats, rec- ords, plans, profile and other papers connected with the work of the board, shall belong to the city and be care- fully preserved as public records. all contracts for public improvements heretofore lawfully entered into by any person with the city, or any lawfully authorized board or officer thereof, shall be carried out and completed under the direction of the said board of public works. fire department. section . there shall be a board of fire commis- charter of the section . the chief of the fire department shall be subject to the direction of the board of fire commis- sioners and have the supervision and direction of the de- partment and the care and management of the fire en- gines, apparatus and property, subject to such rules and regulations as the board of fire commissioners may pre- scribe. section . the members of the board of fire com- missioners, chief of the fire department, chief of police or any officer of the fire department may command any person present at a fire to aid in the extinguishment thereof, and to assist in the protection of property thereat. if any person shall willfully disobey any such lawful re- quirement or other lawful order and direction of any such officer, the officer giving the order may arrest or direct any' policeman to arrest such person and confine him tempo- rarily until the fire shall be extinguished, and in addition thereto he shall be punished in such manner as may be prescribed by the ordinance of the city. section . the board of fire commissioners may provide for the appointment of and may appoint such number of fire wardens as may be deemed necessary, and for the examination by them from time to time, of the stoves, furnaces and heating apparatus and devices in all the dwellings, buildings and structures within the city, and in all places where combustible or explosive sub- stances are kept; and to cause all such as are unsafe with respect to fire to be put in a safe condition. section . the common council may prescribe by section . the council has power to pass ordinances establishing are limits and forbidding the rebuilding or repair of wooden buildings within such limits: brady vs. north western insurance company, mich., , where wooden buildings are erected in the are limits in violation of the city ordinances, the city is not liable for losses from fires started by such buildings: hines vs charlotte, decided by the michigan supreme court in november . the erection of a wooden building within the are limits is not a nuisance, and a court of equity will not enjoin its erection. the coun- cil cannot declare it a nuisance and order its removal, but they c-m enforce their ordinance by appropriate penalties: st.johns vs.mcfarlan, mich., . city of ann arbor. for a permit for that purpose, and shall furnish for the ex- amination of said chief a written statement of the pro- posed location, the dimensions, the manner of construct- ing the proposed building or alteration, the material to be used, the estimated cost, and the contract for comple- tion. it shall be the duty of the chief, on receiving such application, to inspect the location, and to fully examine the question of granting such permit, and if he shall be satisfied that the building or alteration proposed will com- ply with the ordinances of the city, and the erection of the same will in any other respect be proper, he shall, subject to the approval of the board of fire commissioners, give such applicant a permit therefor, and such applicant shall pay to the chief the sum of one dollar, if the esti- mated cost of said building or alteration shall be less than one thousand dollars; two dollars if it shall be more than one thousand dollars and less than five thousand dollars, and for every additional one thousand dollars over five thousand dollars, the further sum of fifty cents. all moneys so received by the chief shall be paid by him into the city treasury at least once a month, and a detailed state- ment thereof, giving the date when, and the name of the person from whom received, shall be filed in the office of the city clerk. section . it shall be the duty of the chief of the fire department to visit and inspect each building which may be in the course of erection, construction or altera- tion within the fire limits of said city, and to see that such house or building is being erected, constructed or altered according to the provisions of the city ordinances and the permit so granted, and in a manner adapted for the se- curity thereof against fires, and the safety of the occu- pants. his visits and inspection may be repeated from time to time until such house or building is completed, when he shall, if requested, furnish the owner or con- structor with a certificate that said house or building is in all respects conformable to law and properly constructed. city of ann arbor. deem effectual to prevent the entrance of any pestilential or infectious disease into the city; to stop, detain, and ex- amine for that purpose every person coining from any place infected or believed to be infected with such a dis- ease; to establish, maintain, and regulate a pest-house or hospital at some place within the city or not exceeding three miles beyond its limits or bounds; to cause any per- son not being a resident of the city who shall be or is sus- pected of being infected with any such disease, to be sent to such pest-house or hospital; to cause any resident of the city infected to be removed to such pest house or hos- pital if the health physician and two other physicians of the city, including the attending physician of the sick person, if he has one, shall certify that the removal of such resident is necessary for the public health: pro- vided, it can be done with safety to the patient; to re- move from the city or destroy any furniture, wearing ap- parel, goods, wares and merchandise, or other articles of property of any kind, which shall be suspected of being tainted or infected with any pestilence, or which shall be in or likely to pass into such state as to generate and propagate disease; to abate all nuisances of every de- scription which are or may be injurious to the public health in any way or in any manner they may deem ex- section . the powers given to township boards of health and which are by this section given to the board of health of the city are found in how- ell's statutes, sections to . the authority of the board of health to guard against small-pox extends to making con tracts for nursing patients and destroying infected clothing, and when they have allowed accounts for such services rendered and property destroyed, the board of supervisors must pass such accounts and can be compelled by mandamus to do so; they cannot refuse on the ground that the patients were themselves able to pay; elliott vs. kalkaska supervisors, mich., . but compensation cannot be col- lected for the use of a house for a small-pox patient, which was already infected with small-pox: farnsworth vs. kalkaska supervisors, mich., . the supervisors may pass upon the pecuniary ability of the patient to pay for the necessaries furnished: people vs. macomb supervisors, mich., . but the public is, in the first instance, liable to pay. if they were not, it would be impossible to adequately provide against epidemics: rae vs. flint, mich., . city of ann arbor. collected shall be paid into the treasury, and be devoted to the maintenance and support of the pest-house, or of any hospital hereafter established by the city. section . the common council shall have power to pass and enact such by-laws and ordinances as they from time to time shall deem necessary and proper for the filling up, draining, cleansing, and regulating any grounds, yards, basins or cellars within the said city that shall be sunken, damp, foul, encumbered with filth and rubbish, unwholesome, and for filling, or altering amending all sinks and privies within the said city, and for directing the mode of constructing them in future, and to cause all such works as shall be necessary for the purpose aforesaid and for the preservation of the public health and the cleanli- ness of the city, to be executed and done at the expense ol the city corporation, on account of the persons respectively upon whom the same may be assessed and for that pur- pose cause the expenses thereof to- be estimated, assessed and collected, and the lands charged therewith sold in case of non-payment, the same as provided by law with respect to other improvements within said city, and in all cases when the said by-laws or ordinances shall require anything to be done in respect to the property of several persons, the expenses thereof may be included in one as- sessment, and the several houses and lots in respect to which such assessment shall have been incurred, shall be briefly described in the manner required by law in the assessment roll for the general expenses of the city, and the sum of money assessed to each owner or occupant of any such house or lot, shall be the amount of money ex- pended in making such improvement upon such premises, together with the ratable proportion of the expenses of assessing and collecting the money expended in making the improvements. section . whenever, in the opinion of the com- mon council, any building, fence or other erection of any city of ann arbor. able by law: and provided further. that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to prohibit the common council of said city from regulating by tax or otherwise the business of dealing in "malt, spirituous or intoxicating liquors. section . the revenues raised by general tax up- on all the property in the city shall be divided into the following general funds: first, contingent fund. to defray the contingent and other expenses of the city, for the payment of which from some other fund no provision is made. second, fire department fund. to defray the ex- pense of purchasing grounds, erecting engine houses there- on, purchasing engines and other fire apparatus, and all other expenses necessary to maintain the fire department of the city. third, street fund. to defray the expense of open- ing, widening, extending, altering, and vacating streets, alleys and public grounds of the city, and grading, improv- ing, paving, repairing and working upon the streets and for the construction and repair of sidewalks and cross- section . the constitution requires the legislature to limit the power of;the city to levy taxes con. act , sec. . the manner in which the restriction should be imposed is left to the legislature: people vs. mahaney, mich., , s. a tax levied in excess of the limit prescribed in this section, would be void: wattles vs. lapeer, mich., ; butler vs. detroit, mich., . but it would seem void only as to the excess: con- nors vs. detroit, mich. ; stockdale vs. wayland school district, mich., . section . it is necessary in order to make the tax levy a legal one that the council should designate the amounts to be raised for the several funds prior to the levy. it would be illegal for the council to levy a certain amount for all the funds without designating what amount shall go into each fund. it is not necessary however, that the council should raise some- thing for each fund: fay vs. wood. mich.; hoyt vs. east saginaw, mich., . every essential proceeding in the course of a levy of taxes must appear in some written and permanent form in the record of the council. such a thing as a parol levy of taxes is not legally possible under our laws: moser vs. white, mich., . charter of the rolls, a certificate to the effect that the same is the assess- ment roll for the ward therein named, for the year in which it has been prepared and approved by the board of review, shall be indorsed thereon, signed by the chairman and clerk of said board, which certificate may be in the form as follows: "the board of review of the city of ann arbor certify that the within or annexed roll is the assess- ment roll of the ward of the city of ann arbor for the year , as approved by said board. chairman clerk upon the completion of said- rolls and their indorsement in the manner aforesaid, the same shall be conclusively presumed by all courts and tribunals to be valid, and shall not be set aside except for causes prescribed by the gen- eral state law. the omission of such indorsement shall not affect the validity of such roll. section . for the purpose of equalization by the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw the said ward assessment rolls shall be deemed as a single roll; the valuation fixed and determined by said board shall be the valuation of the taxable property of the city of ann arbor as a unit, and the state, county and other taxes ap- portioned by said board shall be apportioned to said city and not any ward thereof. section . whenever the common council shall deem it necessary to raise a greater sum in one year than provided for in section one hundred and seventy-seven ( ) they shall give at least five days notice in writing to be posted up in at least five public places in each ward in said city, which notice shall state the time and place of such meeting, and shall specify the objects and purposes for which the moneys proposed to be raised are to be ex- pended, and when such meeting shall be assembled in pursuance of such notice the electors qualified to vote thereat by a ballot vote shall determine the amounts of the money which shall be raised for the objects specified city of ann arbor. in the notice: provided, that the aggregate amount of city taxes levied shall not in any one year exceed one per cent, of the valuation of the real and personal estate tax- able within the limits of the city: provided also, that no more than two such meetings shall.be held in any cal- endar year. the polls at any such meeting shall be kept open at least six hours, and the common council shall ap- point three of its members to act as inspectors. the city clerk shall be the clerk of such meeting and shall keep a poll list of the electors voting. section . all state, county and school taxes in said city, and all city taxes which shall be raised by a gen- eral tax, shall be levied and collected, as near as may be, in the same manner as provided by the law for the assess- ment, and collection of taxes by township officers; and all proceedings lor the return, sale and redemption of real es- tate for non-payment of taxes, shall be in conformity with the proceedings for the return, sale and redemption of real estate as required by the laws of this state. section . whenever the common council shall authorize a tax to be levied, for any special purpose, and which cannot be included in the assessment roll, and col- lected and returned for non-payment, as provided in the preceding section of this act, it shall be lawful for the com- mon council to apportion such tax upon the property tax- able for such purpose, according to the valuation contained in the then last assessment roll, and shall place the tax in a column opposite the valuation of the property; and where such roll is completed, the city clerk shall make and deliver a copy thereof to the treasurer of said city, to- gether with a warrant or warrants, signed by the mayor and city clerk, commanding such treasurer to collect from the several persons named in said roll, opposite their re- spective names, within a time in said warrant specified, not less than thirty days nor more than ninety days from the date thereof, together with a collection fee of one per charter of the cent., which said treasurer may add to each person's tax and collect therewith; and such warrant shall authorize the treasurer, in case any person named in said roll shall neglect or refuse to pay his tax. with the collection fee above provided, to levy the same by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of such person; and it shall be the duty of such treasurer to collect such taxes within the time specified in such warrant, or within such further time as the common council may by resolution direct, and de- liver such roll and warrant to the city clerk; and if any person shall neglect or refuse to pay the tax imposed upon him, the treasurer may levy the same by distress and sale of goods and chattels of such person in the same manner as township treasurers, and if any of the taxes mentioned in said roll shall remain unpaid, and the treasurer shall be unable to collect the same from the person taxed, he shall make out and deliver to the city clerk a full and per- fect copy from said roll of the description of the premises so taxed, and of the taxes thereon unpaid, and shall add thereto an affidavit, sworn to before an officer authorized to administer oaths for general purposes, that the sums mentioned in such statement remain unpaid, and that he has not, upon diligent search and inquiry, been able to discover any goods or chattels belonging to the person taxed, whereupon he could levy the same. section . the common council may by ordinance provide for the collection of all taxes necessary to be raised, other than such as may be raised as provided in sec- tion one hundred and seventy-four,( ), and for the sale of any real estate for the non-payment of such tax, and for the redemption thereof: provided, that all the proceed- ings relative to the notice of sale, the manner of conduct- ing the same and the time to redeem, shall be in conform- ity as near as may be to the provisions of law regulating , the sale of lands delinquent (at) for state, county, and township taxes. section . the assessor of said city shall, on or be- charter of the pay the tax or taxes assessed against him or them, and ob- tain the treasurers receipt therefor. section . upon all taxes paid to the treasurer be fore the first day ol january, he shall add one-half of one per cent, for collection fees; and upon all taxes collected by him after the said first day of january, he shall add one and one-half of one per cent, for such collection fees, and collect such percentage with such tax, in the same manner as he is authorized to collect the tax; and for the purpose of collecting such fees by the treasurer, such per- centage shall be deemed and taken to be a part of the tax. section . the treasurer of said city shall proceed to collect the taxes in the several wards, and on or before the first day of february shall account for and pay over to the county treasurer the amounts specified in the several warrants to be collected for state and county purposes, and shall return to the said county treasurer a statement of the taxes remaining unpaid and due, in the manner provided by law for township treasurers; and all the pro- visions of the laws of this state relating to the collection of taxes by township treasurers, or to the paying over of money by the township treasurers to the county treasurer, or returning by the township treasurer to the county treas- urer of a statement of the taxes remaining unpaid and due, are hereby made applicable to the treasurer of said city. section . no bond, note, or other obligation or evidence of indebtedness of said corporation, except orders on the treasurer, as hereinafter provided, shall ever be given or issued by said corporation, or by any officer there- of, in his official capacity, whereby the said city shall be- come obligated to pay any money, unless the same shall have been duly authorized by the legislature of this state, and shall have been submitted to and voted for by a ma- jority of the electors of said city voting thereon, in con- formity to this act; but the common council may allow just claims against the city, and may issue orders therefor charter of the section . any person who may be required to take any oath or affirmation, under .or by virtue of any provision of this act, who shall, under such oath or affirm- ation, in any statement or affidavit, or otherwise, willfully swear falsely as to any material fact or matter, shall be deemed guilty of perjury. section . if any suit shall be commenced against any person elected or appointed under this act to any office, for any act done or omitted to be done under such election or appointment, or against any person having done any thing or act by the command of any such officer, and if final judgment be rendered in such suit, whereby any such defendant shall be entitled to costs, he shall re- cover double costs, in the manner defined by law. section . the common council of said city is hereby authorized and required to perform the same duties in and for said city as are by law imposed upon the town- ship boards of the several townships of this state, in re- lation to schools, school taxes, county and state taxes, and state, district and county elections; and the super- visors and assessors, justices of the peace and city clerk, and all other officers of the city, who are required to per- form the duties of township officers of this state, shall take the oath, give the bond, perform like duties, and re- ceive the same pay and in the same manner and be sub- ject to the same liabilities, as provided for the correspond- ing township officers, excepting as is otherwise provided in this act, or as may be provided by the ordinances of the common council. section . the ordinances now in force in the city of ann arbor shall remain in force until repealed, altered, or amended by the common council; and all property, rights, credits and effects of every kind, belonging to the city of ann arbor, shall be and remain the property of the said city of ann arbor. section . all acts heretofore enacted in regard to city of ann arbor; the village of ann arbor, or the city of ann arbor, com- ing within the purview of this act, are hereby repealed: provided, that the repealing of said acts aforesaid shall not affect any act already done, or any right acquired under, or proceeding had or commenced by virtue thereof, but the same shall remain as valid as if said acts remained in full force: and provided further, that all persons now holding office in the city of ann arbor, under the acts hereby repealed, shall continue to hold and exercise the duties of such offices during the term for which they were respectively elected. section . this act shall not be construed so as to change, alter or annul any act heretofore passed for the organization or government of school district number one, of the city and township of ann arbor. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved march th, . index to charter. animals, running at large inspection of regulations of slaughter of impounding of fees for impounding rescuing impounded annual report of treasurer appeals from justice court appropriation of money aqueducts, encumbering arrests, by marshal reported to council by order of president of the council- proceedings relating to upon view - for not obeying orders at fires assessments, vote necessary to impose for cellars, drains, privies, etc.- for drains for sewers for improvements on property benefited for gutters for streets for poll taxes for sidewalks for buildings destroyed at fires- expenses for preserving public health expenses for removing danger- ous buildings when assessor to complete review of notice of increase of assessment rolls, made by assessor assessors warrant at- tached what to contain review of certificate attached to--- before board of supervis- ors for special taxes how columns divided— section. page. - index to charter. section. paoe. assessor, election of--.- term of —. . duties of — warrant of salary of »»--, make out list for poll taxes when to make assessments duty and power of member of board of review chairman of board deliver roll to treasurer... warrant of make list petit jurors . oath, bond, etc attorney, city, appointment of . when appointment made term of oath of office duties of-„ salary of attend council meetings sue for fines approve form of contracts advisor board of public works auctioneers, power to license and regulate-- auctions, mock regulation of , '* b. ballot boxes, council to provide ballots, electors to vote by what to contain how deposited term to be designated on put in proper box banks, certificate of cashier of, deposit of city money with !) payment of interest by bond required of treasurer not responsible for money in- barns regulation of bathing, may be prohibited in public waters- index to charter. section. page. bells, ringing of s beggers, may be punished punishable bids, when required security to be furnished reported to council advertisement for proposals billiard tables, licensed and regulated - bills of mortality board of fire commissioners, appointment of when appointment of members made-- oath of office clerk of organization of to serve without compensation power to establish a fire department.-- to organize fire companies to make rules and regulations to nominate chief of fire department— secretary of board purchases of to construct cisterns and reservoirs chief of department under direction of- to command assistance in case of fire-— appoint fire wardens . remove buildings, boilers etc., as nui- sances consent to remove buildings at fires— send relief to adjoining towns approve building permits report of chief concerning fires board of health, appointment of when appointment of members made. oath of office- - clerk of term of - general powers of to prevent infectious diseases to establish a hospital to abate nuisances.. report of malignant diseases to report of inkeepers to index to charter. section. page. board of review, raising valuation personal property second session of may administer oaths correct assessments • certificate attached to as- sessment roll ' boilers, regulations concerning when a nuisance bonds, failure to file reported filed with city clerk approved by council when new bond required neglect to give vacates office . of treasurer of banks to be prescribed by council not to be issued except on authority--- of city officers — bonfires, making of restrained books, papers, etc., officers to deliver to suc- cessors • examined by mayor open to inspection destruction or alteration punished--- in custody city engineer boundaries, of city of wards ' bowling alleys, regulated bridges, encumbering and fast driving council's control over building or vacating board of public works construct building permits buildings, line of numbering of - wooden, in fire limits examined by fire wardens in fire limits when a nuisance pulled down in case of fire dangerous, council's power over-- index to charter. section. page. buildings, permits for building inspection of.. certificate of being properly built- burial, grounds, (see cemeteries) butchers, licensed by laws, council's power to make c. canvass, of votes at election manner of making of statement of votes by council carcasses, unwholesome or offensive sub- stances carriages and hacks, licensing - carts, regulation of - cartmen, regulation of cattle, running at large cellars, council's power over under sidewalks census, council may provide for cemeteries, establishment and regulation of- establishment of appropriation for regulation of preservation of erection of buildings in cemetery fund certificate of votes given at elections of election by council j of election when to be filed of cashier of bank to assessment rolls challenge of electors charter, took effect repealing former acts chief of fire department, appointment of duties of command assistance in ease of are-- compensation of exempt from jury duty-— - index to charter. chief of fire department, when cause buildings to be de- stroyed issue building permits pay fees into city treasury— — inspect buildings certificates that buildings are prop- erly constructed examines into causes of fire report on causes of fire chief of police (see marshal). chimney sweeps, regulation of chimneys, regulations concerning circuses, and other exhibitions cisterns, construction of city attorney (see attorney, city). city clerk, to give notice of registration^— to give notice of special elections- to keep ballot boxes ,— to receive poll lists, etc to make duplicate certificates of election----- to notify officers elected to report persons not filing oath or bond election of term of oath of office files oaths of officers files official bonds new official bonds filed with bond filed with treasurer vacancy in office keeps seal, bonds, papers, etc.-- clerk of common council duties of registers licenses reports amount licenses to coun- cil makes certified copies records--- exercises powers township clerk- administers oaths section. page. >l- - index to charter. veto messages filed with.- certificate on ordinances and rec- ords reports veto to council record ordinances in record book certificate of publication of ordi- nance certified copy of ordinance by--- summons against city served on when to apply for jury for street opening report of jury to be filed with—- secretary board of fire commis- sioners statement of fees for building permits filed with clerk of board of review —- make copy special assessment roll, etc. sign warrant for special assess- ment return of unpaid special taxes to- sign warrants on treasurer make list petit jurors further powers of city lockup, persons may be imprisoned in. vagrants sent to — city treasurer, (see treasurer). claims, filed with clerk reported to council must be certified to on oath must be presented to council clerks of election, who appoint oath of office must be electors duties of collection of taxes of special taxes committees, clerk of appointment of standing, duties of index to charter. section. page. common council, may compel witnesses to testify audit accounts proceedings to be submitted to mayor passing over mayor's veto general powers of - wbat penalties may prescribe passing ordinance over the veto claim must be presented to to allow witness fees may remit fines fines to be reported to provide for police force confirm appointment patrolmen make police regulations establish cemeteries prescribe where dead may be buried- remove bodies buried appropriate money for cemeteries pass ordinances regulating cemeter- ies pass ordinances protection of ceme- teries provide pounds and appoint pound- masters may make marshal poundmaster establish fees for impounding acquire, erect, lease mortgage or dis- pose of public buildings establish work house, hospitals, etc.- authority over public buildings when enforce-police regulations out- side city limits power over sewers and drains cause construction private drains construct private drains establish fees for connecting with sewers compel use of dry earth closets make special assessment for sewers-- enact ordinances relating to sewers and drains index to charter. improvements, referred to the board by coun- cil— cost of to be estimated council to approve plans for-- when bids to be taken contracts for, carried out incorporation of city infectious diseases, board of health's power over hotel keepers to report- drivers, etc., to report- physicians to report— infected property not to be brought into city indebtedness, city not to incur indecent exposure inspectors of election, may administer oath to be notified of special eleetions- to make proclamation opening and closing polls who constitute vacancy in, how filled supervisor chairman of board appoint two clerks oath of office powers of to preserve order must be electors duties of as to votes to publicly canvass the vote to make and deposit certificate of votes canvassed to exercise duties prescribed by general laws intoxicating drinks, sale of interest, on public moneys to be collected on fines section. page. . m - - j. jail, of county, city may use vagrants sent to index to charter. section. page. judicial notice of ordinances— judgment against city jurisdiction of justices juror, not incompetent because inhabitant of city- - fee of in street opening cases list of jurors jury, in ordinance cases for street opening — for buildings destroyed by fire justices of the peace, election of term of office oath of office jurisdiction appeals from judgments complaints before to try offenses under ordinances take recognizances when no justice in city constables to obey orders of — criminal process served by marshal-- fees of not removable by council issue subpoena at request of council-- committment under ordinances to take complaint for violations of or- dinances proceedings in ordinance cases fines sued for before- appeal from justices court jury in justices cases to issue execution to marshal to pay ordinance fines into city treas- ury report fines to council removable for neglect to appoint jury for street opening, etc. fees in street opening cases further powers index to charter. section. page. labor, sufficient amount to pay retained on contracts lanes, encumbering council's control over lapse of time, not run against city licenses, countersigned and registered amount reported to council fees for issuing auctioneers, peddlers and pawnbrok- ers ball alleys and billiard tables cabs, carriages and hacks carts, drays and other vehicles hotels and taverns saloons and victualing houses butchers lighting of streets and alleys council may provide for lights, regulation of the use of liquors, impure or adulterated regulation of the sale of limits of city lockup, (see city lockup). low grounds, drainage of lumber yards, location of m. markets, regulation of location of may be owned by city marshal city, appointment of when appointment made term of oath of office constables to obey orders of is chief of police subject to mayor's direction duties of to enter complaints to serve process arrests without process index to charter. section. pagb. marshal, may command citizens to aid him. reports arrests to council reports fines collected pays all fines, etc. into city treasury not to leave city absence or inability of salary of attend council meetings to serve warrants execution issued to have direction of police have powers of constables may arrest upon view when may impound animals or fowls to summon street opening jury fee for summoning such jury command assistance in case of fire mayor, election of term of office appointments by when appointments made oath of office vacancy in office appoints city clerk to fill vacancy fills vacancies in office duties of recommendations to council conservator of the peace suppress riot and disorder may examine books and papers absence or disability of enforces ordinances and laws constables to obey orders of marshal subject to direction of consents to marshal leaving city designates acting marshal to countersign warrants when appoint new treasurer directions to city attorney salary of— how call special meeting council index to charter. section. page. removal of officers by suspension of officers by issue subpoenas for witnesses at invest- igations approval of council proceedings veto of council proceedings approval of ordinance veto of ordinance to authenticate record book of ordi- nances when summons against city served on to appoint patrolmen and nightwatch- men to appoint temporary policemen marshal under his direction when to apply for jury for street open- ing appoint member board public works.- appoint fire commissioners consent to remove buildings at fires— appoint members board of health report of malignant diseases to sign warrant special assessment sign warrants on treasurer meat, putrid regulation of sale of meetings, of council special, of council of electors to vote tax of board of review - minors, sale of liquor to • misdemeanor, officers failure to deliver books to successor mortality, bills of to be kept n. newsboys, license of newspapers, indecent and obscene prohibited non-residents, damages awarded to notice, of re-registration of registration preceding general elec- tion index to charter. section. page. taxes, treasurer charged with collection of by treasurer return of delinquent non-payment of two-third vote of council to order on owners of dogs for local improvements for sidewalks power to assess and levy lieu on property aggregate amount of for dealing iu liquors voted by people limit to taxes voted manner of levying and collecting special warrant for collection of - collection fee' taxing district for opening streets, etc tax, meetings to vote tax rolls, delivered to treasurer public notice of special how made' sidewalk tax placed on term of office, of elective officers - of appointed officers theatrical exhibitions, regulation of tie vote, how election decided title, to streets, lanes, alleys, etc township treasurer, city treasurer have power of -- treasurer, city, appointment of when appointment made term of „ oath of office bond filed with city clerk new bond may be required files clerk's bond — warrant of clerk on clerk reports taxes raised to duties of - - custodian of money, bonds, etc: hi charter is ,-, '<' of the city- of ann arbor, michigan. city officers. mayor, bradley m. thompson. city clerk, william j. miller, assessor, patrick o'hearn. justices of the peace. elihu b. pond, john w. bennett. the common council. president, william w. watts. first ward, d. frederick schairer, chas. w. wagner. second ward, william herz, christian martin. i third ward. william q. snow, frank wood. fourth ward, john o'mara, alvah p. ferguson. fifth ward, walter l. taylor, charles h. manly. sixth ward, horace g. prettyman, arthur j. kitson. board of public works, thomas j. keech, president. jacob f. schuh, wrilliam h. mcintyre. board of fire cojijiissioxers. moses sea bolt, president. titus f. hutzel, james e. harkins. board of health. eli w. moore, president. dr. john kapp, health officer. martin clark, inspector. board of bl ildixg inspectors. gottlob luick, herman krapf, warren e. walker. appointive city officers. city attorney, - e. b. norris. city treasurer, ------- geo. h. pond. chief of police, ------ james k. mi rrat. chief of fire department, ----- fred sipi.ey. street commissioner, - - - - nelson sutherland. city engineer, ------- george f. key city physician, ------ dr. e. a. clark. poor master, ------- fred sipley. supervisors. first ward, ------- john r. miner. second ward, ------ eugene oesterlin. third ward, ------- robert shannon. fourth ward, ------- uf.o. h. pond. fifth ward, ------- thomas speechly. sixth ward, ------- evart h. scott. table of contents. page. incorporation of boundaries, electors and registration, elections, officers, qualifications, oath, official bonds, vacancies in office, duties of officers—the mayor, aldermen, - city clerk, justices of the peace, • . assessor, - supervisors, constables, chief of police, city treasurer, city attorney, compensation of officers, the common council, general powers of the common council, ordinances, enforcement of ordinances, . police, cemeteries, pounds, sewers, drains, and watercourses, streets, sidewalks, and public improvements, board of public works, fire department, the public health, finance and taxation, miscellaneous, the present charter of the city was first prepared by a committee of the common council of , consisting of mayor beakes, aids. wines, almen- dinger, kearns and city attorney king, revised and corrected by elihu b, pond, employed by the council tocorrect phraseology, and by the above com- mittee associated with the following committee of business men: a. l. noble, frederick schmid, moses seabolt, e, k. frueauff and h. j. brown it is printed by authority of the common council. may, . charter of the city uv ann arbor. an act to reincorporate the city of ann arbor, revise the charter of said city, and repeal all conflicting acts relating thereto. incorporation and boundaries. section . the people of the state of michigan enact, that so much of the township of ann arbor, in the county of washtenaw, as is included in the following lim- its, to-wit: the south three-fourths of section number twenty, the south three-fourths of the west three-fourths of section number twenty-one, the west three-fourths of section number twenty-eight, entire section number twenty-nine, the north half of section number thirty-two,' and the west three-fourths of the north half of section number thirty-three, in township two south, of range six east, and also so much of the east half of the south east quarter of section number twenty one, and the east half of the northeast quarter of section number twenty-eight, as lies west of the easterly bank of the huron river, and north of the south line of the territorial road, crossing said river on or near the line between said sections, be and the same is hereby set olf from said township, and declared to be a city, by the name of the city of ann arbor; and the freemen of said city from time to time being inhabitants thereof, shall be and continue to be a body corporate and charter of the politic, by the name of " the city of ann arbor," and by that name it shall be known in law, and shall be capable of suing and being sued, and of prosecuting and defending all suits; they may have a common seal, which the com- mon council may alter at pleasure, and shall be capable of purchasing, holding, conveying and disposing of real and personal estate for the use of said corporation. section . the city shall be divided into six wards, as follows: the first ward shall embrace all that part of the city lying south of huron street, east of main street and the ann arbor and lodi plank road, and west of state street and the pittsfield road, or state street as con- tinued; the second ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying south of huron street and west of main street, and the ann arbor and lodi plank road; the third ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying north of huron street south of the river huron, and west of fourth street extending to the river huron; the fourth ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying north of huron street and of the line of huron street as ex- tended to the city limits, and south of the river huron, and east of fourth street; the fifth ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying northeast of the huron river; the sixth ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying south of huron street, and the line of huron street, as extended east to the city limits, and east of state street, and the pittsfield road, or state street as extended. the aforesaid divisions are made by the actual or sup- posed continuation of the center line of each of said divi- sion streets in the present direction thereof to the city limits. section . the common council shall have power, section . the city may take personal property in trust for all pur- poses in keeping with or in furtherance of the real and final objects meant to be accomplished by its creation. this is true even if there is a present lack of power in the corporation to fitly administer the trust, since the legislature may confer such power: hathaway vs. sackett, mich., . city of ann arbor. by ordinance duly past, to divide any ward which shall have polled more than six hundred votes at the last pre- ceding general election, into polling precincts, which pre- cincts shall be as nearly "equal as possible in point of popu- lation, and the common council shall have the power to provide for separate re-registration for each polling pre- cinct when any such precinct shall be created, and the registration of electors for all elections shall be conducted in each precinct as nearly as possible as the elections are conducted in the several wards, and no voter shall vote in other than the precinct in which he shall reside. the common council shall also provide registration books for any ward that shall be so divided—one for each precinct— and the board of registration shall be as constituted by this act, but each voter's name shall be registered in the book provided for the precinct in which he resides. the returns of the elections in precincts shall be made and canvassed in the same manner as in wards, and the word precinct in elections shall, to all intents and purposes, be synonymous with the word ward. electors and registration. section . the inhabitants of said city of ann arbor, having the qualifications of electors under the constitu- tion and laws of the state, and no others, shall be electors therein. section . at all elections in said city every elector shall vote in the ward where he shall have resided during the ten days next preceding the day of election. the residence of any elector, not being a householder, shall be deemed to be in the ward in which he rooms and lodges. section . any person offering to vote at any elec- tion held in this city, shall, if challenged by an elector of the ward in which he offers to vote, take, before his vote shall be received, one of the oaths or affirmations provided by the laws of the state for electors at general elections, which oath may be administered by either of the inspec- city op ann arbor. spectors of election in the ward or wards where the same is to be held, a notice signed by the city clerk, specifying the officer or officers to be chosen, and the question or proposition, if any, to be submitted to the vote of the elec- tors, and the day and place at which such election is to be held, and such election shall be conducted in the same manner as the annual charter elections. section . notice of the time and place or places of holding any election, and of the officers to be elected, and the question to be voted upon, shall, except as herein otherwise provided, be given by the city clerk at least ten days before such election, by posting such notices in three public places in each ward in which the election is to be held, and by publishing a copy thereof in a newspaper published in the city, the same length of time before the election; and in case of a special election the notice shall set forth the purpose and object of the election as fully as the same are required to be set forth in the resolution ap- pointing such election: provided, that if any election of officers under the act shall not be held on the day when it ought to have been held, the said corporation shall not b-i dissolved, but it shall be lawful to hold such election at any time thereafter, public notice being given as pro- vided in this act. section . the common council shall provide and cause to be kept by the city clerk, for use at all elections, suitable ballot boxes of the kind required by law to be kept and used in townships. section . at all charter elections the polls shall be opened in each ward at the several places designated by the common council, at eight o'clock in the morning, and shall be kept open until four o'clock in the afternoon, at section . failure to give notice of election does not invalidate elec- tion: speed vs. hartwell, mich., ; but if it is not imperative to fill an office at a certain election, failure to give the notice required invalidates the election: people vs. witherell, mich., . see secord vs. foutch, mich., ; powell vs. jackson etc , mich., . city of ann akbor. dates having received an equal number of votes, the com- mon council shall at the meeting mentioned in the preced- ing section determine by lot between such persons, which shall be considered elected to such office. section . it shall be the duty of the city clerk, within five days after the meeting and determination of the common council, as provided in section [ ,] to notify each person elected, in writing, of his election, and he shall also, within five days after the common council shall appoint any person to any office, in like manner notify such person of such appointment. section . within one week after the expiration of the time in which any official bond or oath of office is re- quired to be filed, the city clerk shall report in writing to the common council the names of the persons elected or appointed to any office who shall have neglected to file such oath and bond or security for the performance of the duties of the office. officers. section . the following city officers, viz: a mayor, president of the common council, city clerk, two justices of the peace and an assessor shall be elected by the qualified voters of the whole city, and a supervisor, two aldermen and a constable shall be elected in each ward. section . the following officers shall be appointed by the mayor subject to the approval of a majority of the members elect of the common council, viz: a city mar- shal, a city treasurer, a city attorney, members of the board of public works, members of the board of fire com- missioners, and members of the board of health. the common council may also, from time to time, provide by ordinance for the appointment, and appoint for such term as may be provided in any such ordinance, such other offi- cers whose election or appointment is not herein specially provided for, as the common council shall deem necessary charter of the section . the common council may also, at any time, require any officer, whether elected or appointed, to execute and file with the city clerk new official bonds in the same or in such further sums, and with new or with such further sureties as said common council may deem requisite for the interest of the corporation. any failure to comply with such requirements shall subject the officer to immediate removal by the common council. vacancies in office. section . resignation of officers shall be made to the council, subject, to their approval and acceptance. section . if any officer shall cease to be a resi- dent of the city, or if elected in and for a ward, shall re- move therefrom during his term of office, the office shall thereby be vacated. if any officer shall be a defaulter, the office shall thereby be vacated. section . if any person elected or appointed to office shall fail to take and file the oath of office, or shall fail to give the bond or security required for the due per- formance of the duties of his office within the time herein limited therefor, the common council may declare the office vacant, unless previous thereto he shall file the oath and give the requisite bond or security. section . a vacancy in the office of mayor, presi- dent of the council, justice of the peace or aldermen, oc- curring more than ninety days preceding an annual elec- section . an office becomes vacant ( ) on the death of the incum- bent; i )his resignation ; ( ) his removal from office; ( ) his removal from the state, or in case of local offices, from the locality in which he was appointed; ( ) upon his conviction of an infamous crime or any offense in- volving a violation of his oath of office; ( ) the decision of a competent tribunal declaring his election or appointment void; ( ) refusal or neglect to take the oath of office or to give or renew any official bond within the time prescribed by law: howell's statutes, sec. . section . a party entitled to an office, loses his right unless he fiies his oath and bond within the time prescribed by law: wayne auditors vs. benoit, mich., ; paw paw vs. eggleston, mich., . city of ann arbor. tion, may be filled at a special election on the order of the common council. a vacancy in the office of justice of the peace or alderman, occurring within ninety days pre- ceding an annual election, shall be filled at such annual election. a vacancy occurring in the office of city clerk may be filled by appointment by the mayor, confirmed by a majority of the members elect of the common council, unless said officer has more than one year to serve at the time such vacancy shall occur, in which case it shall be filled at the next ensuing election, and the mayor, with the consent of the council, shall appoint a city clerk to act until such election: provided, that vacancies occur- ring within ninety days preceding any state election may be filled thereat; vacancies in other offices shall be filled by the mayor, subject to the approval of a majority of the members elect of the common council. section . the resignation or removal of any offi- cer shall not, nor shall the appointment or election of another to the office, exonerate such officer or his sureties from any liabilities incurred by him or them. section . whenever an officer shall resign or be removed from office, or the term for which he shall have been elected or appointed shall expire, he shall, on de- mand, deliver over to his successor in office all the books, papers, moneys and effects in his custody as such officer, and in any way appertaining to his office; and every per- son violating this provision shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and may be proceeded against in the same manner as public officers generally, for a like offense, under the general laws of the state now or hereafter in force and applicable thereto; and every officer appointed or elected under this act shall be deemed an officer within section . when the vacancy must be filled, as in the case of justice of the peace, notice of an election is not absolutely requisite, but when,as in the other cases, it is not imperative to fill the office, failure to give the notice required invalidates the election: people vs. witherell, mich., ; see note to sec. . charter op the the meaning and provisions of such general laws of the state. duties of officers—the mayor. section . the mayor shall be the chief executive officer of the city, and shall from time to time give to the common council information, in writing, concerning the affairs of the corporation, and recommend such measures as he may deem expedient. it shall be his duty to exer- cise supervision over the several departments of the city government, and to see that the laws relating to the city and the ordinances and regulations of the common coun- cil are enforced. section . the mayor shall be a conservator of the peace, and may exercise within the city the powers conferred upon sheriffs to suppress disorder, and shall have authority to command the assistance of all able- bodied citizens to aid in the enforcement of city ordi- nances or laws of the state, and to suppress riot and dis- orderly conduct. section . the mayor shall have authority at all times to examine and inspect the books, records and pa- pers of any agent, employe or officer of the city, and shall perform generally all such duties as are or may be pre- scribed by the ordinances of the city. section . in the absence or disability of the mayor, or in case of any vacancy in his office, the presi- dent of the common council shall perform the duties of the mayor. aldermen. section . the aldermen of the city shall be mem- bers of the common council, attend all the meetings thereof, and act upon committees when thereunto ap- pointed by the president of the council. as conservators section . mandamus does not lie to compel aldermen to attend meetings of the common council: people vs. whipple, mich., . city of ann arbor. of the peace they shall aid in maintaining quiet and good order in the city, and in securing the faithful performance of duty by all officers of the city. city clerk. section . the city clerk shall keep the corporate seal and all the documents, official bonds, papers, files and records of the city, not by this act or by the ordinances of the city entrusted to some other officer; he shall be clerk of the common council, shall attend its meetings, record all its proceedings, ordinances and resolutions, and shall countersign and register all licenses granted, and report the same with the amount thereof to the common council monthly; he shall, when required, make and certify, under seal of the city, copies of the papers and records filed and kept in his office, and such copies shall be evi- dence in all places of the matters therein contained to the same extent as the original would be. he shall possess and exercise the powers and duties of township clerk so far as the same are required to be performed within the city, and shall have authority to administer oaths and affir- mations. he shall be entitled to a fee of fifty cents for each and every license issued by him, to be paid by the person obtaining the same. the city clerk may, subject to the approval of the common council, appoint a deputy, and such deputy may perform any and all the duties' of such clerk: provided. that said deputy shall receive no compensation from the city. section . the city clerk shall be the general ac- countant of the city, and all claims against the corporation shall be filed with him for adjustment. after examination thereof he shall report the same, with all accompanying vouchers and counter claims of the city, and the true bal- ance as found by him to the common council for allowance, section . in recording council proceedings, no ambiguous entries should be made, especially in recording votes when a majority vote is re- quired: mccormlck vs. bay city, mich., . charter of the' and when allowed, shall draw his warrant upon the treas- urer for the payment thereof, designated thereon the fund from which payment is to be made, and take proper receipts therefor; but no warrant shall be drawn upon any fund after the same has been exhausted, and any warrant so drawn shall be void. when any tax or money shall be levied, raised or appropriated, he shall report the amount thereof to the city treasurer, stating the object and fund lor which it is levied, raised or appropriated, and the amount thereof to be credited to each fund. section . the city clerk shall keep himself thor- oughly acquainted, and make himself conversant with the doings of all officers charged in any manner with the receipt, collection and disbursement of the city revenues, and shall have general supervision over all the property and assets of the city; he shall have charge of all books, vouchers and documents relating to the accounts, con- tracts, debts and revenues of the corporation; he shall countersign and register all bonds issued, and keep a list of all property and effects belonging to the city, and of all its debts and liabilities; he shall keep a complete set of books, exhibiting the financial condition of the corporation in all its departments, funds, resources and liabilities, with a proper classification thereof, and showing the purpose for which each fund was raised; he shall also keep an account with the treasurer, in which he shall charge him with all moneys received for each of the several funds of the city, and credit him with all the warrants drawn thereon, keeping a separate account with each fund; when any fund has been exhausted, he shall immediately advise the common council thereof; the city clerk shall be the clerk of the board of public works and all other boards, the clerk of all standing and special committees of the common council, and the clerk of all the boards of the city that may from this time be established. he shall render to the common council on the first monday of every month, and oftener if required, a report of the amount of all or- city of ann arbor. ders drawn since the last preceding report, what orders remain outstanding and unpaid, and the balance remain- ing to the credit of each, fund. section . the city clerk shall report to the com- mon council whenever required a detailed statement of the receipts, expenditures and financial condition of the city, of the debts to be paid and moneys required to meet the estimated expenses of the corporation, and shall per- form such other duties pertaining to his office as the com- mon council may require. the clerk shall be the sealer of weights and measures for the said city, and shall per- form all the duties of township clerk relative thereto. section . the common council shall provide and fit up an office for the city clerk, and establish office hours during which said clerk shall be required to be at his office. justices of the peace. section . the justices of the peace in said city exercising civil jurisdiction shall be deemed justices of the peace of the county of washtenaw, and shall have all the powers and jurisdiction given by the general laws of the state in relation to civil and criminal cases before justices of the peace in townships, and appeals from their judg- ments and convictions may be made to the circuit court for the county of washtenaw in the same manner as appeals from justices'judgments and convictions in towns are made: provided, that all actions within the jurisdic- tion of justices of the peace may be commenced and pros- ecuted in said justices' courts, when the plaintiff or defend- ant, or one of the plaintiffs or defendants reside in said city of ann arbor, in the township of ann arbor, in any township next adjoining the township of ann arbor, or in any city formed from a township of ann arbor: pro- section . the constitution fixes the power of justices of the peace and legislation cannot curtail or abolish their civil jurisdiction: altor vs. wayne auditors, mich., . their criminal jurisdiction depends entirely upon the statutes: sarah ways case, mich., . charter of the vided, that the township of ypsilanti shall be deemed to be a township adjoining the township of ann arbor within the meaning of this act. section . any justice of the peace residing in said city of ann arbor, shall have full power and authority, and it is hereby made the duty of such justice, upon com- plaint to him in writing, to inquire into and hear, try and determine all offenses which shall be committed within said city against any of the by-laws or ordinances which shall be made by the common council in pursuance of the powers granted by this act, and to punish the offenders as by said by-laws or ordinances shall be prescribed or directed, to award all process, and take recognizance for the keeping of the peace, for the appearance of the person charged, and upon appeal, and to commit to prison as occasion may require. in case there shall be at any time in said city, from any cause, no qualified justice of the peace, suits for a violation of any of the city ordinances may be brought before one of the justices of the peace of the township of ann arbor. the assessor. section . the assessor shall annually estimate the value of all the taxable real and personal property in the city, and make the several ward assessment rolls at the time and in the manner as hereinafter in this act provided; he shall spread upon said rolls any and all taxes duly cer- tified to him by order of the common council, by the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw, or by other proper authority; and his warrant attached to said rolls, directing the collection of the taxes so levied and spread thereon, shall have the same power and effect as the war- rant of a supervisor made in accordance with the state law. supervisors. section . the supervisors of the several wards shall have the like powers and perform the like duties charter of the promptly enforced, and when he shall know or learn of the violation of any ordinance of the city or penal statute of the state, it shall be his duty to enter complaint before one of the justices of the peace of said city, and to do what- ever shall be necessary to bring the offender to justice. he shall have the same power to serve and execute all process issued by any justice of the peace of said city in behalf of said city or of the people of the state for offences committed within said city as sheriffs or constables have by law to serve and execute similar process, and shall sup press all riots, disturbances, an breaches of the peace, and for that purpose may command the aid of all citizens in the performance of such duty. he shall arrest all disor- derly persons in the city, and pursue and arrest any per- son fleeing from justice in any part of the state. he may arrest upon view, and with or without process, any person found in the act of committing any offense against the laws of the state or the ordinances of the city, and forth- with take such person before the proper magistrate or court for examination or trial, and may arrest persons found drunk in the streets and imprison them until they shall become sober: provided, that nothing in this sec- tion contained shall be construed to authorize the marshal to arrest without process, under a state law, any person charged with an offense within the jurisdiction of justices of the peace. section . the marshal shall report, in writing and on oath, to the common council at their first meeting in each month, all arrests made by him and the cause thereof, section . an arrest without a warrant is not lawful, except where public security requires it. there must be reasonable belief of felony or a breach of the peace committed in the officer's presence: allor vs. wayne auditors, mich., , ; sarah way's case, mich., ; q,uinn vs. helsel, mich., . arrests for misdemeanors can only be made without a war- rant by an officer who actually sees the offense which constitutes the mis- demeanor: ross vs. i.eggett, mich., . arrests for vagrancy without a warrant can rarely be justified: sarah way's case, mich., . see dren- nan vs. people, mich., . charter of the every warrant out of the particular fund constituted or raised for the purpose for which the warrant was issued, and having the name of such fund, the name of the payee, and the time of maturity indorsed thereon by the city clerk. he shall cancel such warrants when paid, and shall collect all taxes levied or assessed in the city. for the purpose of the collection and return of all taxes, and the return of property delinquent for the non-payment of taxes, and for the purpose of suits for the collection of taxes, the said treasurer, on giving the bonds or surety so required by the charter or any law of the state, shall pos- sess all the powers and perform all the duties of the sev- eral township treasurers of this state, as prescribed by law, and shall also perform such other duties, respecting the collection and return of taxes, as this act imposes. section g . the treasurer shall render to the city clerk on the first monday of every month, and oftener if required, a report of the amounts received and credited by him to each fund, and on what account received; the amounts paid out by him from each fund during the pre- ceding month, and the amount of money remaining in each fund on the day of his report; such report shall be accom- panied with a certificate from the cashier of the bank in which the moneys of the city may be deposited, showing the amount of money in the bank to the credit of the city on the day on which the treasurer's report is made. he shall also exhibit to the common council, annually, on the first monday in march, and as often and for such period as the common council shall require, a full and detailed ac- count of the receipts and disbursements of the treasury since the date of his last annual report, classifying them by the funds to which receipts are credited and out of which such disbursements are made, and the balance re- maining in each fund, which account shall be filed in the office of the city clerk and shall be published in one or more of the newspapers of the city. he shall file all city of ann arbor. vouchers or warrants paid by him with the city clerk with his monthly report. section . the city treasurer shall keep all moneys in his hands belonging to the city and to the public schools separate and distinct from his own moneys; and he is hereby prohibited from using, either directly or indirectly , the corporation moneys, warrants, or evidences of debt, or any of the school or library funds in his custody or keep- ing, for his own use or benefit, or that of any other per- son. any violation of this section shall subject him to immediate removal from office by the common council, who are hereby authorized to declare the office vacant, and to appoint his successor, on the nomination of the mayor, for the remainder of the term. section . the common council may, in its discre- tion, contract with any bank or banks in said city, incor- porated under any law of the state or united states, for the safe keeping of any moneys belonging to said city, and for the payment by such bank or banks of interest thereon, at a rate not exceeding that established by law, which in- terest shall be credited by the treasurer to the contingent fund of said city. the common council may prescribe the conditions relative to the making of such contract, and the securities to be given by any bank or banks for the moneys so deposited: provided, that neither the city treasurer nor his bail shall be held responsible for any moneys de- posited in any bank or banks pursuant to the terms of any contract made as in this section authorized. city attorney. section . the city attorney shall be an attorney and counsellor at law, in good standing, and qualified to practice in all the courts of the state. he shall, on appli- cation of the common council or any officer of the city, furnish advice relative to all matters of law, relative to their duties, appear in behalf of the city and of all public boards thereof, in all suits, and perform such other legal charter of the duties as may be required by the mayor or the common council. he shall attend all meetings of the common council. compensation of officers. section . the officers of said corporation shall be entitled to receive out of the city treasury the following sums in full payment of their services: the mayor shall be paid one dollar per annum; the city clerk shall receive such sum as the common council shall determine, not ex- ceeding eight hundred dollars per annum; the city attor- ney shall be entitled to receive such sum as the common council shall allow, not exceeding three hundred dollars per annum, which shall be in full for all services; and the treasurer shall be entitled to receive such sum as the com- mon council shall allow, not exceeding one hundred dol- lars per annum: provided, that the said treasurer shall be entitled to receive, in addition to such salary, the fees hereinafter provided for collecling the taxes to be levied and collected in said city. the marshal shall be entitled to receive such compensation, not exceeding sixty-five dol- lars per month, as the common council shall allow; the assessor shall receive such compensation as the common council shall allow, not exceeding two dollars and a half per day for every day actually employed in the perform- ance of the duties of his office; the justices of the peace and the constables shall be allowed the same fees as are by law allowed to corresponding township officers; the supervisors and all other officers of said city shall be en- titled to receive such compensation as the common coun- cil shall allow, not exceeding two dollars per day for every day actually employed in the performance of the duties of their respective offices: provided further, that the com- section . when the common council appoints a city officer to do acts outside of his official duty, he stands in the same position as a stranger and is entitled to be paid for what he do -s in that employment: detroit vs. redfield, mich., (>; mcbride vs. grand rapids. mich., . and a mayor or alderman cannot be required to give his professional service to the city without compensation: nlles vs. muzzy, mich., . charter of the section . the council may compel the attendance of its members and other officers of the city at its meet- ings in such manner, and may enforce such fines for non- attendance as may by ordinance be prescribed, and may by ordinance prescribe punishment for any misbehavior, contemptuous or disorderly conduct by any member or any person present at any session of the council. section . the city attorney and city marshal shall attend all meetings of the council, and the council may require the attendance of any other city official at any session thereof. section . the council shall have control of the finances and of all the property, real and personal, of the city except as may be otherwise provided by law. section . whenever by this act or any other pro- visions of law, any power or authority is vested in or duty imposed upon the corporation or council, the council may enact such appropriate ordinances as may be necessary for the execution and exercise of such power and authority, and to regulate the performance of such duty. section . the council may provide for the appoint- ment of standing committees of its members, who shall perform such duties, investigate, have charge of, and re- port upon such matters as may be properly referred to them. section . the council shall cause all records of the corporation, proceedings of the council, and all books, documents, reports, contracts, receipts, vouchers, and pa- pers relating to the finances and affairs of the city, or to the official acts of any officer of the corporation (unless section . that the legislature cannot interfere with the legislative powers of the council is shown in people vs. common council of detroit, mich., ; attorney general vs. common council of detroit, mich., . section . but the council cannot delegate legislative powers to these committees. see note to sec. . city of ann arbor. required by law to be kept elsewhere), to be deposited and kept in the office of the city clerk, and to be so arranged, filed and kept as to be convenient of access and inspec- tion; and all such records, books and papers shall be sub- ject to inspection by any inhabitant of the city or other person interested therein, at all seasonable times, except such parts thereof as in the opinion of the council it may be necessary for the furtherance of justice to withhold for the time being. any person who shall secrete, injure, deface, alter or destroy any such books, records, docu- ments or papers, or expose the same to loss or destruction with intent to prevent the contents or true meaning or import of any thereof from being known, shall, on convic- tion thereof, be punished by imprisonment in the state prison, not longer than one year, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by both such fine and imprison- ment, in the discretion of the court. section . no member of the common council shall, during the period for which he was elected, be ap- pointed to or be competent to hold any office, the emolu- ments of which are to be paid from the city treasury or be paid by fees under any act or ordinance of the common council, or be bondsmen or surety on any contract or bond given to said city; but this section shall not be construed to deprive any member of any emoluments or fees to which he may be entitled by virtue of his office. any member of the council offending against the provisions of this section, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail not less than one nor more than six months, or both, in the discretion of the court, and shall forfeit his office. section . . any person appointed to office by the mayor, by authority of this act, may be suspended by the mayor or removed by him with the consent of the major- ity of the members elect of the council, and the council may expel any alderman or remove from office any person charter of the elected thereto, except justices of the peace, by a concur- ring vote of two thirds of all the aldermen elect. in case of elective officers, provision shall be made by ordinance for preferring charges and trying the same, and no re- moval of an elective officer shall be nfade unless a charge in writing is preferred, and an opportunity given to make a defense thereto. section . to enable the council to investigate charges against any officer, or such other matter as it may deem proper to investigate, the mayor or any justice of the peace is empowered, at the request of the council, to issue subpoenas or process by warrant to compel the attendance of persons and the production of books and papers before the council or any committee. section . whenever the council, or any committee of the members thereof, are authorized to compel the at- tendance of witnesses for the investigation of matters which may come before them, the presiding officer of the council or chairman of such committee for the time being, shall have power to administer the necessary oaths; and such council or committee shall have the same power to compel witnesses to testify as is conferred on courts of justices of the peace. section ( . the council shall audit and allow all ac- counts chargeable against the city, but no claim not certi- fied to by the city official ordering the work done or the purchase made shall be received for audit or allowance, unless it shall be accompanied by an affidavit of the per- son presenting it that the services therein charged for have been actually performed, or the goods delivered to the city, that the sums charged are reasonable and just, and that to the best of his knowledge and belief no set-off ex- ists, nor payment has been made on account thereof, ex- cept such as are endorsed or referred to in such account or claim. and every such account shall exhibit in detail all the items making up the amount claimed and the true charter of the seventh. to regulate the buying, carrying, selling and using of gunpowder, fire-crackers or fire-works manu- factured or prepared therefrom, and other combustible materials, and the exhibitions of fire-works and the dis- charge of fire-arms, and lights in barns, stables, and other buildings, and to restrain the making of bonfires in streets and yards; eighth. to prevent the encumbering of streets, side- walks, cross-walks, lanes, alleys, bridges or aqueducts, drains or ditches in any manner whatever; ninth. to prevent and punish horse-racing and im- moderate driving or riding in any street, or over any bridge, and to authorize the stopping and detaining any person who shall be guilty of immoderate driving or rid- ing in any street or over any bridge in said city; tenth. to determine and designate the routes and grades of any railroad coming into or passing through said city, and to restrain and regulate the use of locomotives, engines and cars upon any railroad within the city; eleventh. to prohibit or regulate bathing in any pub- lic water, or in any open or conspicuous place, or any in- decent exposure of the person in the city; iwelfth. to restrain and punish drunkards, vagrants, mendicants, street beggars, and persons soliciting alms or subscriptions for any purpose whatever; thirteenth. to establish and regulate one or more pounds, and to restrain and regulate the running at large of horses, cattle, swine, and other animals, geese and poultry, and to authorize the impounding and sale of the same for the penalty incurred and the cost of keeping and impounding; fourteenth. to prevent, and regulate the running at section . ninth, driving faster than the ordinance allows is itself such an act of negligence as to make the racing parties responsible for a col- lision caused by it: potter vs. moran, mich., . charter of the twenty-first. to establish, order and regulate mar- ket places; to regulate the vending of wood, hay, meat, vegetables, fruits, fish and provisions of all kinds, and prescribe the time and place of selling the same, and the fees to be paid by butchers for license; to prohibit the sale of unwholesome meat, poultry, fish, vegetables or other articles of food or provisions; impure, spurious or adulterated wine, spirituous liquors or beer, or knowingly keeping or offering the same for sale; and to provide for and regulate the inspection of animals used for food, and the slaughter of the same: provided, that nothing herein contained shall authorize the common council to restrict in any way the sale of fresh and wholesome meats by the quarter within the limits of the city; twenty-second. to establish, regulate and preserve public reservoirs, wells, penstocks and pumps, and to pre- vent the waste of water; and to authorize and empower, under such regulations and upon such terms and condi- ditions as they may choose, the laying of water pipes in the streets and alleys of the city, tor the purpose of sup- plying the inhabitants of said city with water; and to grant such exclusive privileges as they may deem expedi- ent to any company organized to supply said city and its inhabitants with water; and to contract with such com- pany to supply the city with water for fire and other public purposes; twenty third. to regulate sextons and undertakers for burying the dead; cartmen and their carts, hackney carriages and their drivers, omnibuses and their drivers, scavengers, porters and chimney sweeps and their fees and compensation; and to make regulations for preventing auctions, peddling, pawnbrokerage, or using for hire carts, drays, cabs, hacks or any kind of carriage or vehicle, or opening or keeping any tavern, hotel, victualing house, section . twenty-first, a city may impose a license upon markets and upon thos? selling in the public markets: ash vs.people.il mich., . city of ann arbor. thirty-fourth. to provide for the protection and care of poor persons and of paupers, and to prohibit and prevent all persons from bringing or sending to the city from any other place any pauper or other person likely to become a charge upon said city, and to punish therefor; to provide by ordinance for the election or appointment of an overseer of the poor for the city, and to prescribe his duties and vest him with such authority as may be proper for the exercise of his duties, and to provide for the organization of a board of poor commissioners, who shall serve without compensation. thirty-fifth. to provide for and change the location and grade of street crossings of any railroad track, and to compel any railroad company or street railway company to raise or lower their rail-road track to conform to street grades, which may be established by the city from time to time, and to construct street crossings in such a man- ner as the council may require, and to keep them in re- pair; also to require and compel railroad companies to keep flagmen or watchmen at all railroad crossings of streets, and to give warning of the approach and passage of trains thereat, and to light such crossings during the night; to regulate and prescribe the speed of all locomo- tives and railroad trains within the city; but such speed shall not be required to be less than four miles an hour, and to impose a fine of not less than five or more than fifty dollars upon the company, and upon any engineer or conductor violating any ordinance regulating the speed of trains. ordinances. section . the style of all ordinances shall be, "the common council of the city of ann arbor ordain." all ordinances shall require, for their passage, the concur- rence of a majority of all the members elect. the time when any ordinance shall take effect shall be prescribed therein. such time, when the ordinance imposes a charter of the penalty, shall not be less than ten days from the date of its publication, as hereinafter provided. section . whenever by the provisions of this act, the common council shall be authorized to pass ordi- nances for any purpose, they may prescribe fines, penal- ties, and forfeitures for the violation of the same, not ex- ceeding one hundred dollars, or imprisonment not exceed- ing ninety days or both in the discretion of the court. such imprisonment may be in the common jail of the county of washtenaw, in the city lock-up or in the de- troit house of correction. the fine, penalty or imprison- ment, for the violation of any ordinance, shall be pre- scribed therein, and during such imprisonment all such offenders may be kept at labor. section . on the day next after the passage of any ordinance, the clerk of the common council shall present the same to the mayor or other person performing the duties of the mayor, for his approval. no ordinance shall be of any force without the written approval of the mayor or other person performing for the time being the duties of his office, unless he omit to return it to the clerk of the common council with his objections thereto within ten days after its presentation to him in which case it shall be deemed regularly enacted. if after the return of the ordinance with the objections thereto, as aforesaid, the same shall be passed or re-enacted by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elect of the common council, the ordi- nance shall be deemed regularly enacted, and the time of its re-enactment shall be deemed to be the time of its passage. section . at the time of presenting any ordinance section the omission of the enacting clause does not necessarily nullify the ordinance: people vs. murray, mich., . it requires seven members of the council voting affirmatively to pass an ordinance. the or- dinance must be in writing before it can be acted upon: stevenson vs. bay city, mich., . see notes to section . it is indispeusible that every or- dinance should express the time when it shall take effect: van alstine vs. people, mich., . city op ann arbok. to the mayor for his approval, the clerk of the common council shall certify thereon, and also in the journal or record of the proceedings of the council, the time when the same was presented, and shall also certify thereon and in such journal or record, the time of the return of such ordinance, whether approved or with objections, and shall at the next meeting of the common council report any ordinance returned, with the objections thereto. section . no repealed ordinance shall be revived unless the whole or so much as is intended to be revived, shall be re enacted. when any section of an ordinance is amended, the whole section as amended shall be re-en- acted. section . all ordinances when approved by the mayor, or when regularly enacted shall be immediately recorded by the clerk of the common council in a book to be called "the record of ordinances,v and it shall be the duty of the mayor and clerk to authenticate the same by their official signatures upon such record. section . within one week after the approval or final passage of any ordinance the same shall be published in one or more newspapers printed and circulated within the city, and the clerk shall, immediately after such pub- lication, enter on the record of ordinances in a blank space to be left for such purpose under the recorded ordinance a certificate stating in what newspaper and of what date such publication was made and sign the same officially, and such certificate shall be prima facie evidence that legal publication of such ordinance has been made. section . in all courts having authority to hear, section i. failure to make the record here required does not invali- date the ordinance: stevenson vs. bay city, mich., . section . publication is neoessary to the validity of an ordinance: van alstine vs. people, mich., . the same case also decides that where the ordinance requires to be published two weeks, publication in two issues of a weekly paper will not be legal if it is shown that less than two weeks' notice is actually given. city of ann arbor. washtenaw for the imprisonment of all persons liable to imprisonment under the ordinances of said city, and all persons committed to jail by any justice of the peace for a violation of any such ordinance shall be in the custody of the sheriff of the county, who shall safely keep the person so committed until lawfully discharged, as in other cases. whenever, by the terms of any ordinance of said city, it is provided that any person convicted of a violation thereof, shall be imprisoned, said person may be confined in the county jail of the county of washtenaw, a city lock up, or in the house of correction in the city of detroit, in the dis- cretion of the court: provided, that the said city ot ann arbor shall pay all the expenses of imprisoning persons charged with the violation of city ordinances. section . whenever any person shall be charged with having violated any of the by laws or ordinances of the city, by which the offender is liable to imprisonment, any justice of the peace residing in said city, to whom complaint shall be made, in writing, and on oath, shall issue a warrant directed "to the city marshal, policeman or any constable of the city of ann arbor," commanding him forthwith to bring the body of such person before him to be dealt with according to said laws or ordinances of the city, and the marshal or other officer to whom said warrant shall be delivered for service is hereby authorized and required to execute the same, in any part of the state where such offender may be found, under the penalties which are by law incurred by sherilfs and other officers for neglecting or refusing to execute other criminal process and the proceedings relating to the arrest and custody of the offender pending trial, the pleadings and all proceed- ings upon the trial of such cause, and the rendition of judgment and the execution thereof shall, except as other- wise provided by this act, be governed by, and conform as nearly as may be to the provisions of law relating to pro- ceedings in criminal causes cognizable by a justice of the peace under the genera] laws of this state. charter of the section . the expenses of apprehending, examin- ing and committing offenders against any law of this state, in the said city, and of their confinement, shall be audited and allowed and paid by the supervisors of the county of washtenaw, in the same manner as if such expenses had been incurred in any town of said county. section . all actions against the city of ann ar- bor shall be commenced by summons, which shall be served upon the city clerk at least six days before the return day thereof, by giving him a copy of said summons with the name of the officer serving the same indorsed thereon; or in case of the absence of said city clerk from the city, then by leaving such copy with the mayor in- dorsed as aforesaid: provided, that no suit shall be maintained against the city, until the claim whereon the same is founded shall have been presented .to the common council of said city, duly verified, at a regular meeting of the same, for allowance, and until after one regular meet- ing of the common council shall have intervened. section . in all suits in which the city of ann arbor shall be a party, or shall be interested, no inhabi- tant of said city shall be deemed incompetent as an officer, witness or juror, on account of his interest in the event of such suit or action: provided, such interest be such only as he has in common with the other inhabitants of said city. and provided f urther, that it shall not be necessary to pay or tender any fees to any witness subpcenasd on the part of the city. but such witness shall be bound to attend, and shall be liable to attachment the same as if fees had been tendered or duly paid to him. the fees of witnesses shall be allowed by the common council on the certificate of the justice or court before whom they ap- peared. section . the provision that a claim must be presented for auditing and allowance was held good in detroit vs. miohigan paving company, mich., , and the provision applies to a claim against the city to have a tax refunded that has been paid under protest: mead vs. lansing, mich., . city of ann arbor. section . in all trials before any justice of the peace of any person charged with a violation of any ordi- nance of the said city, either party shall be entitled to a jury of six persons; and all the proceedings for the sum- moning of such jury and in the trial of the cause shall be in conformity, as near as may be, with the mode of pro- ceeding in similar cases before justices of the peace; and in all cases, civil and criminal, the right of appeal from the justices' court to the circuit court of washtenaw county shall be allowed, and the person appealing shall enter into a recognizance, conditioned to prosecute the appeal in the circuit court, and abide the order of the court therein, or such other recognizance as is or may be required by law in appeals from justices' courts in similar cases: provided, if any judgment in any action shall be rendered against the city by any justice of the peace, such judgment may be removed by appeal to the circuit court in the same manner and with the same effect as though the city were a natural person, except that no bond or recognizance to the adverse party shall be necessary to be executed on behalf of the said city. section . all fines imposed by any ordinance of said city may be sued for by the city attorney in the name of the corporation before any justice of the peace of said city; and whenever any fine shall be imposed by any jus- tice of the peace for a violation of any ordinance of said city, it shall be the duty of the justice forthwith to issue execution to the marshal of the city, commanding him to collect of the goods and chattels of the person so offending, the amount of such fine, with interest and costs, and for want of goods and chattels wherewith to satisfy the same, that he take the body of the defendant and commit him to the common jail of the county, or to the house of correc- tion in the city of detroit, in the discretion of the court, to be safely kept by the officer in charge thereof until said section . see sheldon vs. hill, mich., . charter of the defendant be discharged by due course of law; and the defendant shall remain imprisoned until the execution, with all the costs and charges thereon shall be paid, or he be discharged by due course of law: provided-, that the common council may remit such fine, in whole or in part, if it shall be made to appear that the person so imprisoned is unable to pay the same. section . all fines, penalties or forfeitures recov- ered before any of said justices for a violation of the ordi- nances of said city shall, when collected, be paid into the city treasury; and each of said justices shall report, on oath, to the common council, on the first mondays of jan- uary, april, july and september, during the term for which he shall perform the duties of such justice, the num- ber and name of every person against whom judgment shall have been rendered for such fine, penalty or forfeit- ure, and all moneys so received, or which may be in his hands, collected on such fine, penalty or forfeiture shall be paid into the city treasury on the first monday of the months above named, during the time such justice shall exercise the duties of said office, and for any neglect in this particular he may be suspended or removed, as hereinbefore provided. section . all persons being habitual drunkards, destitute, and without any visible means of support, and who, being such habitual drunkards, shall abandon, neg- lect, or refuse to aid in the support of their families, being complained of by such families, all able-bodied and sturdy beggars who may apply for alms or solicit charity, all per- sons wandering abroad, lodging in watch-houses, out- houses, market-places, sheds, stables, or uninhabited dwellings, or in the open air, and not giving a good account section . fines collected under the city ordinances belong to the city and not the county: fennell vs. bay city, mich., . the courts draw a clear distinction between violations of the ordinances and violations of the charter. the charter is a state law and fines for its violation go into the county treasury: wayne county vs. detroit, mich., . charter of the police, prescribing and defining the powers and duties of policemen and nightwatchmen, and shall prescribe and enforce such police regulations as will most effectually preserve the peace and order of the city, preserve the in- habitants from personal violence, and protect public and private property from destruction by fire and unlawful depredation. and the mayor may, whenever he shall deem it necessary for the preservation of peace and good order in the city, appoint and place on duty such number of temporary policemen as in his judgment the emergen- cies of the case may require; but such appointments un- less made in accordance with some ordinance or resolution of the common council, shall not continue longer than three days. section . the city marshal, as chief of police under the direction of the mayor, shall have the superin- tendence and direction of the policemen and nightwatch- men, subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by the common council. section . it shall be the duty of the police and nightwatchmen and officers of the force, under the direc- tion of the mayor and chief of police, and in conformity with the ordinances of the city, to suppress all riots, dis- turbances and breaches of the peace, to apprehend any and all persons in the act of committing any offense against the laws of the state or any ordinance of the city, and to take the offender forthwith before the proper court or magistrate to be dealt with for the offense; to make complaint to the proper officers and magistrates of any person believed to be guilty of the violation of the ordi- nances of the city or the penal laws of the state, and at all times diligently and faithfully to enforce all such laws, ordinances and regulations for the preservation of good order and the public welfare as the council may ordain, and to serve all process issued under any city ordinance section . as to arrests without process see note to see. . ! charter of the sewers and drains shall be constructed in the public streets and grounds and at public expense. section . whenever the council shall deem it necessary for the public health they may require the own- ers and occupants of lots and premises to construct pri- vate drains therefrom to connect with some public sewer or drain, thereby to drain such lots and premises, and to keep such private drains in repair and free from obstruc- tion and nuisance; and if such private drains are not con- structed and maintained according to such requirements, the common council may cause the work to be done at the expense of such owner or occupant, and the amount of such expense shall be a lien upon the premises drained, and may be collected by special assessment to be levied thereon; the common council shall have the power to compel the use of dry earth closets by the owners and oc- cupants of lots and premises, enforce the use of the same section . in dermot vs. detroit, mich., . the court says: "the powers granted * * * for the construction of sewers in volve the exer- cise of discretion on the part of municipal authorities, and should be em- ployed for the benefit of the public at large and not for the private conven- ience or advantage of individuals; nor are the officers of a municipal cor- poration justified in the exercise of those powers except in reference to the public demands. the sewers are built as well for sanitary purposes as for drainage for the benefit of the public at large; and the city owes no legal duty or obligation to individuals in their construction, maintenance and repair." in this case it is held that a city is not liable to a private individ- ual for the defective construction of a sewer. the city is not obligated to furnish drainage for an individual. but the city is liable for damages if a sewer is so constructed as to flood private premises with water which otherwise would not have flowed there: ashley vs. port huron, mich., . and a city cutting ditches in such a way as to cast and maintain water on private property would be liable for the continuance of the nui- sance: pennoyer vs. saginaw. mich., . lot owners are not entitled to compensation for the use of abutting street for the construction of sewers: warren vs, grand haven, mich., . the sewers of a city are the pri- vate property of the city in which the outside public have no interest as they have in public highways. hence the city is liable for accidents to persons lawfully using the highways caused by negligence during the construction of the works even though the works are constructed by a contractor who is bound by his contract to keep the excavations fenced in: detroit vs. corey, mich., . the city may provide an outlet for sewerage beyond the city limits: coldwater vs. tucker, mich., . charter of the missioners of highways for said city, and shall have all the powers given by statute to highway commissioners, so far as applicable, except as in this act otherwise provided; and shall have the care, supervision and control of the highways, streets, bridges, lanes, alleys, parks and public grounds therein, arid of keeping, preserving, repairing, im- proving, cleansing and securing of such highways, bridges, lanes, alleys, parks and public grounds. the common council shall have power by ordinance to regulate the time and manner of working upon the streets; to provide for grading and paving the same; to prevent the obstruc- tion or incumbering of any of the streets, lanes, alleys, sidewalks or public grounds in said city; to provide for the erection, preservation and maintenance of lamp posts and lamps in said streets, and to provide for lighting the same; to provide for the planting and protection of shade trees along the sides of the streets, and on the public grounds in said city, and to keep such public grounds in section . the streets of a city are public highways designed for the benefit of all persons desiring to travel upon them: detroit vs. blackeby, mich., , . a highway is a way over which all the people of the state have a right to travel: people vs. jackson, mich., . a street includes the whole width of public way, and while it is customary to set apart a por- tion for foot passengers it is not necessary, and the whole matter is in the control of the council: brevoort vs. detroit, - mich , . the court in horn vs. people, mich., , says, all " highways are such solely by mun- icipal law which may establish, regulate and destroy them at all times." to establish a public highway in any city plat there must be an offer to dedi- cate the lands and an acceptance by the public: field vs. manchester, mich., ; detroit vs. detroit & milwaukee r. r. co., mich., ; buskirk vs. strickland, mich., : county of wayne vs. miller, mich., . user by citizens is not enough to constitute an acceptance which must be by the proper municipal authorities: baker vs. johnston, mich.. . the acceptance must be made within a reasonable time: field vs. manchester, mich., ; cass supervisors vs. banks, mich., . see note to howell's statutes sections and . an alley is not a high way in the proper sense of the term. it is a way subject to a modified supervision, liable to be used for drainage, etc., under city regulations, but it is intended only for the conven- ience of adjacent property and not for general use like streets: paul vs. detroit, mich., . the council, under the power to control the streets has no right to grant their exclusive use to individuals: people vs carpenter, mich., , and it cannot authorize a street to be used for a railroad track without compensa- city of ann arbor. good condition; to lay out, open and repair streets and alleys, and the same to alter and vacate, and to alter and vacate those already laid out. section . whenever the common council shall be applied to in writing by ten or more freeholders of said city to lay out, establish, open, alter or discontinue any street, common, lane, alley, sidewalk, highway or water- course, or to build or vacate any bridge, said common council shall give notice thereof to the owners, occu- pants or persons interested, or his or their agent or repre- sentative, by personal service, or by posting up notices in five or more public places in the city, stating the time and place when and where the common council will meet to consider the same, which notice shall describe the street, lane, common, alley, sidewalk, watercourse or bridge pro- posed to be laid out, altered, opened, established or dis- continued, built or vacated, which notice shall be posted at least ten days before the time of meeting. if, after tion to adjacent owners: grand rapids and indiana r. r. co. vs. heisel, mich., . the city is liable for injuries caused by the streets being out of repair. the city mast look after defects in the streets and it is negligence to allow a hole to remain in thestreet even though the immediate neighbors had never had their attention called to it: grand rapids vs. wyman, mich., . nobody can deprive the individual of the right to travel over a street by putting a road out of repair or neglect of duty in repairing it: maltby vs. chicago and west mich. r. r. co., mich., . but the want of repair must be the immediate cause of the injury: agnew vs. corunna, mich., . the liability of the city to persons injured by reason of defective streets, bridges, sidewalks, crosswalks or culverts is fixed by act no. of the pub- lic acts of , which abrogates the common law liability and previous laws upon the subject. the permission of the city given in an ordinance to use a certain street for coasting does not make the city liable for any injur- ies resulting from coasting. parties injured have their right of action against the person infiicting the injury: burford vs. grand rapids, mich., . the council has discretionary power in fixing grades. adjoining prop- erty owners cannot collect damages from the city by reason of a change of grade of the streets, even though buildings had been previously erected with reference to the established grade: ponttac vs. carter, mich., ; detroit vs. beckman, mich., . but the city cannot grade its streets in such a way that the embankment will rest upon the land of an individual without compensation for damages to his land: vanderslip vs. grand city of ann arbor. course, or building,'or vacating any bridge. upon the re- ceipt of such application, said justice shall make a list of twelve disinterested freeholders residing within the county, and shall issue venire, under his hand, directed to the marshal of said city, or any constable of said county, com- manding the officer therein named to summon the persons named in said list to be and appear at his office on some day to be named therein, not less than six days nor more than twelve days from the time of the issuing the same, to serve as jurors to appraise the damages occasioned by tak- ing the property described in such application for the pur- pose of such street, common, lane, alley, sidewalk, highway, watercourse or bridge, or for discontinuing the same; and if all the jurors shall not appear, the said justice shall cause a sufficient number of talesmen to be summoned to make a full jury. the jurors shall be sworn by such jus- tice to appraise the damages occasioned by taking the property described in such application for the purpose aforesaid, or by any discontinuance. they shall proceed to view the premises described, and shall, within five days thereafter, make returns to the said justice in writing, signed by them, of their doings, which shall state the amount of damages awarded, if any, to whom payable, if known, and a statement of the time spent by them for that purpose, which return shall be certified by said justice and filed in the office of the clerk. such jurors shall be en- titled to receive one dollar per day and fifty cents for each half day, and six cents a mile for each mile actually trav- eled, and the justice and the marshal or constable each one dollar for their fees; and the award of said jury shall be final and conclusive. the damages which shall have been awarded as heretofore provided, or which shall have been are in a highway and must be removed, notice must be given to the owner of the adjacent land and a reasonable time given him to remove them. when a street commissioner acts on his own judgment in ordering the trees removed, he must be prepared to justify his action by showing that they were an obstruction and injury to the highway: clark vs. dasso, mich., . charter of the contracted to be paid by said common council, as in this section provided, and the fees and charges lawfully in- curred shall be levied and collected in said city, and shall be paid on the order of the common council as the other city charges, and such order for damages shall be delivered or tendered to the person or persons in whose favor such award of damages shall be made, if known, and residents of said city, before such street, lane or alley shall be opened or used: provided, the parties in whose favor an award of damages shall be made are unknown or be non- residents, it shall be sufficient to make award of damages to the unknown owner or owners, or non-resident owner or owners of the parcel of land taken, describing it as the parcel through which the street, lane, alley, sidewalk, bridge or highway may run, and the unknown parties or section . the right to take property for public use is given by the constitution: const. art. , sec. ; art. , sec. . before such property can be taken it must appear that the taking is necessary for the public use for which it is designed, and the taking can only be on the condition of making just compensation therefore: sheldon vs. kalamazoo, mich., ; detroit vs. beckman, mich., . the amount of the compensation must bedetermined by the jury, the verdict of which must be unanimous: paul vs. detroit, mich., ; powers appeal, mich., ; campau vs. detroit, mich., ; hinchman vs. detroit, mich., . the proceedings must be in strict conformity with the statute and every provision bearing on the rights of the parties to be effected must be observed: people vs. brighton, mich., ; specht vs. detroit, mich., ; powers appeal, mioh., . personal service of the notices of street opening is necessary when such ser- vice can be had within the municipality: kundinger vs. saginaw, mich., . this case takes up many questions arising under this section, and decides that a juror who is interested in having a street opened on account of some special gain or convenience m ly be challenged for cause; it is not necessary for the justice to make affidavit that he is not interested in the street; the right to appeal is not necessary to the validity of this section; the same jury may condemn land belonging to several persons if necessary for the opening of the street as it is not contemplated that more than one jury shall be called upon to determine the necessity of the street. surplus- age in the notice given will not vitiate it: shepard vs. gates, mich., . but the description of ttte proposed route must not be uncertain: blodgett vs. wbaley. mich., . absence of the proof of notice is fatal: blodgett vs. whaley, mich., ; granger vs. brockway, mich., . it is indispen- sible that the j ury should be impartial, and the city being one of the parties it would be highly objectionable if not fatal to the proceedings if the city attorney should counsel the jury or assist in making their report: paul vs. detroit, mich., . charter of the any part thereof, by reason of encroachment or inclosure of the same. section . the common council shall have power to assess and levy by a tax the expenses of making, grad- ing, paving, opening, widening and repairing streets, lanes and alleys, and of putting curbstones, gutters and culverts therein; of grading, paving or planking, repairing and re- newing sidewalks, of draining low lands, of making drains and sewers and other local improvements upon the lots, premises and subdivisions thereof, which are in front of or adjoining such streets, sidewalks, drains, sewers and other improvements, or upon lots and premises which in the opinion of the common council are most benefitted thereby, or by a general tax, as they may deem proper; and the common council shall have the power to make all by-laws and ordinances relative to the mode of assessing, levying and collecting such taxes: provided, that the common council in providing for the expense of grading and paving streets, lanes and alleys, may include the nec- essary cross walks, gutters, curbing and ballasting, and shall apportion such expense upon a local assessment dis- trict to be constituted of the lots or premises fronting upon that part of the street or alley proposed to be paved, or constituted of lots and premises, fronting upon such im- provements, and such other lands as in the opinion of the common council may be benefitted by such improvement. when such assessment is to be made upon lots or premises section . special assessments upon adjacent lots and property ben- efited to defray the expense of public improvements are constitutional, but every requirement of tbe statute must be strictly complied with: williams vs. mayor, mich., . it is competent to assess the cost of local improve- ments upon the property deemed benefited thereby in proportion to the benefits: hoyt vs. east saginaw, mich., . when a local assessment dis- trict is made, the council must|deflne the district. this duty cannot be delegated by the council to others: scofield vs. lansing, mich., ; hoyt vs. east saginaw, mich., . local assessments may be apportioned according to frontage under legislation which permits that method to be fol- lowed: sheley vs. detroit, mich., i. as to assessment districts for street opening see rentz vs. detroit, mich., . city of ann arbor. in proportion to their frontage upon such improvement, if from the shape or size of any such lots or premises an assessment thereon in proportion to its frontage would be unjust and disproportionate to the assessments upon other lots, the common council may assess such lots for such number of feet frontage as in their opinion will be just; and said council may direct a just portion of such assess- ment to be paid from the general street fund: provided, further, that no such assessment for the pavement of any street or alley shall be made or collected other than by general tax, unless upon the application in writing for such pavement signed by a majority of all the owners or occupants of the real estate which may be subject to assessment for such pavement. section . the common council shall have power to assess and collect from every male inhabitant of said city over the age of twenty-one years, except paupers, idiots, and lunatics, and all persons fifty years old and over, a list of whom shall be made out by the assessor at the time of making the annual assessment rolls, an annual capitation or poll tax, not exceeding one dollar, and they may provide by ordinance for the collection'of the same, provided that any person assessed for a poll-tax may pay the same by one days labor upon the streets, under the direction of the street commissioners, and the money raised by poll tax or labor in lieu thereof shall be expended or performed in the respective wards where the person so taxed shall reside. section . whenever the common council shall deem it expedient to construct, repair, or renew any side- walks within the limits of said city, they may, by ordi- nance or otherwise, require the owner of any lot or prem- ises adjoining said street to construct such sidewalk or re- pair or renew the same in front of his or her lot or prem- ises, in accordance with the provisions of this act. the common council may, by ordinance or otherwise, under charter op the such penalty or penalties as they may prescribe, require the owners or occupants of lots or premises in said city, or in any specified part thereof, to grade, construct, repair and renew sidewalks adjoining their respective premises in such manner as the common council may direct. if the owner or occupant of any lot or premises, after notice so'to do shall have been posted on such lot or premises or otherwise given, served, or published, as the common council may direct by ordinance, resolution or otherwise, shall fail or neglect to construct, repair or renew any side- walk or to clear away any snow, ice or other obstruction from any sidewalk or to widen any street adjoining such lot or premises within such time as the common council may prescribe or require by ordinance, resolution, or otherwise, the board of public works may cause the same to be done at the expense of the city, and such expense, with ten per cent, added, shall be deemed to be a special assessment upon such lot or premises, and the common council may add the same to the amount of the general city tax on such lot or premises in the proper district tax roll made the same year the said expense for such im- provement was incurred or next thereafter to be made; and the amount so added shall be a lien on tho premises in the same manner as the state, county and other city taxes to which it is added, and may be collected and en- forced, and, if not paid, the land sold therefor in the man- ner as for other ordinary taxes, and at the time of the sale of any such lot or premises for such delinquent tax or taxes, the city clerk or other officer of the city may cause the same to be bid off to the city in its corporate name, and if not redeemed within the time allowed by law, the city shall be entitled to a deed of such lot or premises from the auditor general as provided in all other cases, which deed shall be prima facie evidence of the regular- ity of all the proceedings by the common council and other officers of the city relating to such local improve- ment and assessment of the costs upon such lots or prem- charter of the tors. the members of such board shall be appointed by the mayor, subject to the approval of the majority of the members elect of the common council, and shall hold office for the term of three years and until their successors are appointed and qualify, the said term to commence on the fifteenth day of may. section . the first members composing such board shall be appointed, one for the term of one year, one for the term of two years and one for the term of three years from the date of their appointment; and said mayor shall annually nominate to the common council on the first monday in may, or as soon thereafter as may be, a. member of such board, for the term of three years. the members first appointed under this act shall, within ten days from the date of their appointment, meet and organ- ize the said board of public works by the election of one of their number as president; and the common council shall thereupon, and at all time thereafter, provide the board with a suitable office room for its meetings and bus- iness uses, and supply record books, stationery and other things necessary for the transaction of the business in charge of said board and provide for the payment, in like manner as other accounts against the city, of all necessary and lawful expenses incurred by said board. section . said board of public works shall, after the said public improvements have been first duly ordered by the common council, have supervision and charge of the construction and repair of all sidewalks, cellars under sidewalks, crosswalks, culverts, bridges, platforms, foun- tains, and reservoirs; the construction, repair and exten- sion of all the main and lateral sewers and drains; the erection, alteration, and repair of all engine houses, police stations, city halls, and other public buildings of every description in said city, except school houses and buildings for water-works; the deepening and cleaning of ditches and gutters; the cleaning, repairing, grading, planking, graveling, or covering with other material of all streets city of ann arbor. and alleys; the laying out and improvement of all parks and public grounds; and shall in addition thereto, exer- cise such other powers, and perform such other duties, in the superintendence, construction, and care of public works and improvements as the common council may from time to time by ordinance direct. said board of pub- lic works may recommend a change of grades for streets, alleys, lanes, and sidewalks to the common council, but shall make no change in the established grades of any streets, alleys, lanes, gutters or sidewalks of the city with- out the consent of the common council, made in pursuance of an ordinance of the city establishing all said grades. all plats or additions to the city shall be first submitted to the board of public works for its approval before the same are recorded. section . whenever the common council of said city shall have decided upon the making of any public im- provement it shall so declare by resolution and shall refer the matter to the board of public works and such other board or boards as may be interested therein and said board or boards, with all convenient dispatch shall deter- mine as to the particular kind of materials to be used therefor, and estimate, in detail the quantity of materials, the probable cost and expense of such work and of the materials and make a record thereof in their office; and cause to be prepared, so far as necessary, plans and speci- fications for such work or improvement; and report the determination and estimate to the common council. when such plans and specifications have been submitted to the common council, and approved by it, the said board of public works shall, except in the case of cleaning the ditches and gutters, and the repair of streets and sidewalks, advertise for the proposals for furnishing of material and section . where the board of public works change the grade of a street without the authority of the common council, the contractors making excavations under such unauthorized act of the board are liable to trespass fc r so doing: lamed vs. briscoe, mich., . charter of the for the performance of such work; and may require all bidders to furnish security for the performance of any con- tract awarded to them; and all bids submitted to said board shall be publicly opened by it, and, as soon there- after as may be, reported by the said board to the common council together with its recommendation in respect there- to; and no contracts shall be let by the said board until duly authorized by the common council; and no expendi- tures for any purpose exceeding twenty-five dollars shall be made by the said board except by consent of the com- mon council. section . all contracts made by said board shall be in the name of the city of ann arbor; shall first be ap- proved, as to form, by the city attorney, shall be executed by the president and clerk of said board; and said board shall have direction of the performance thereof. the board shall reserve the right, in all contracts, to determine all questions as to the proper performance of such contracts, and as to the completion of the work specified therein; and in case of the improper, dilatory, or imperfect per- formance thereof, to suspend work at any time and to order the partial reconstruction of the same, it improperly done; to relet the work covered by said contract, or any unfinished portion thereof; or, by its employes, to take section . in butler vs. detroit,- mich., - , it was held that bids cannot be invited until an estimate and report is made to the council. the provision requiring the board of public works to make an estimate to the' council is mandatory. the court said: "the plain purpose of this section is to prevent the council going forward with any work involving the expendi- ture of money without first considering both its expediency and probable cost. if they can take no definite steps and expend no money until they have had the views of a board especially familiar with the subject and a re- liable estimate of the burdens to be created, each one votes upon the scheme with bis eyes open." if the board adopts, approves and reports to the coun- cil an estimate made by the city surveyor, lt is a sufficient observance of the charter provision that an estimate be made: cuming vs. grand rapids, li mich., . an advertisement, for bids purporting to emanate from the board of public works office, signed , president, and stating that bidders are required to file satisfactory bonds with the board of public works, and the expense of advertising is properly included in an assess- ment for street paving: beniteau vs. detroit, i mich., . city op ann arbor. possession and complete the same, at the expense of the contractor. it shall also have the right, by proper provis- ions, in all contracts, to retain a sufficient sum from the contract price to pay and discharge all debts incurred by the contractor for labor performed upon any public work; and upon the failure of the contractor to pay the same, to make payment thereof to the parties entitled thereto, and charge the amount so expended against the contract price. said board of public works i hereby authorized to com- mence and prosecute, in the name of the city, any suits or proceedings for the recovery of damages for the breach of any such contract entered into by said board, or to enforce the performance of any such contract. section . said board shall have the power to ap- point, subject to the approval of the common council, a city engineer, who shall hold office during the pleasure of the said board, shall make all surveys required for the lay- ing out, construction, alteration, repair and improvement of streets, sewers, water-mains, cemeteries, parks, public grounds and buildings, and prepare all necessary plans, profiles and specifications therefor, and perform the civil engineering work of said city of every description, as re- quired by the common council, the said board of public works, or any other lawful authority of said city: said engineer may, subject to the approval of the board of pub- lic works, appoint such assistants under him as are re- quired for the proper and prompt performance of his duties, and discharge such assistants at pleasure. said board shall also have the power to appoint suitable persons who shall have the personal supervision of the construction and re- pair of public buildings; and the said board shall appoint a street commissioner, who shall have charge of the grad- ing, paving, improving, cleaning and care of the streets, sidewalks, alleys and public grounds, the construction of sidewalks, and the cleaning and deepening the ditches, drains and gutters, under the direction of said board of public works, who may remove the said street commis- charter of the sioner at pleasure, and may appoint such other subordi- nates as may be necessary to enable the board to properly perform the duties devolving upon it. said board shall determine the compensation of said engineer and other appointees of said board, subject to a change by a major- ity vote of all the members elect of the common council; and all other claims for the same, when certified by the board, shall be submitted to the common council for allow- ance and payment, in the same manner as other claims against the city. section . the said board shall classify the vari- ous works under its control, and keep an accurate account of the cost of each, and of the amounts expended for con- struction, repairs, superintendence, and salaries of era ployes, and, also, detailed accounts of all other matters under its charge and control, and upon the first monday of january of each year, and oftener if required by the common council, shall submit to it a statement, showing, in detail, the progress and condition of all the public im- provements commenced or oarried forward by said board; the character and amounts of all contracts made by the board; the moneys earned and paid thereon; and all other information necessary to the full understanding of the business conducted by said board. the board shall from time to time make estimates of the amounts earned and payable upon any contract for work done and mate- rials furnished, and report the same to the common coun- cil; and thereupon it shall be the duty of the common council, without unreasonable delay, to order payment from the proper funds, of the amount so reported. section . the city attorney shall act as legal ad- visor of said board; and the city clerk shall be the clerk thereof; and shall keep a full record of its proceedings, showing the vote by ayes and nays, of each member upon all orders, resolutions or recommendations, which records shall be deemed to be public records, and shall at all times be open to the public inspection ; and a copy thereof charter of the any two fire commissioners, may cause any building to be pulled down or destroyed when deemed necessary, in order to arrest the progress of the fire, and no action shall be maintained against any person or against the city therefor; but if any person having an interest in the building shall apply to the common council within three months after the fire, for damages or compensation for such building the common council shall pay him such compensation as may be just. they may ascertain such damage by agreement with the owner, or by the appraisal of the jury, to be selected in the same manner as in the case of juries to appraise damages for taking private prop- erty for public use; and the common council may cause the amount of any damages determined upon to be de- frayed by a special assessment upon the property which in their opinion was protected or benefited by the destruc- tion of such building; but no damages shall be paid for the amount of any loss which would have probably oc- curred to such if it had not been pulled down or destroyed. section . the said fire department, its officers and men, with their engines and apparatus of all kinds, shall have the right-of-way going to any fire or in any highway, street or alley, over any and all vehicles of every kind, except.those carrying the united states mail; and any person who shall refuse the right of way, or in any manner obstruct any fire apparatus, or any of said officers and men while in the performance of their duties, or shall drive over or cut any hose, shall be guilty of a misde- meanor and liable to punishment for the same. it shall be lawful for said board to send an engine, with hose and apparatus, to the relief of any community in the vicinity of ann arbor. section . whenever a person or corporation shall be desirous of erecting or altering any building within the fire limits of said city, he, she or they shall make ap- plication at the office of the chief of the fire department city of ann arbor. for a permit for that purpose, and shall furnish for the ex- amination of said chief a written statement of the pro- posed location, the dimensions, the manner of construct- ing the proposed building or alteration, the material to be used, the estimated cost, and the contract for comple- tion. it shall be the duty of the chief, on receiving such application, to inspect the location, and to fully examine the question of granting such permit, and if he shall be satisfied that the building or alteration proposed will com- ply with the ordinances of the city, and the erection of the same will in any other respect be proper, he shall; subject to the approval of the board of fire commissioners, give such applicant a permit therefor, and such applicant shall pay to the chief the sum of one dollar, if the esti- mated cost of said building or alteration shall be less than one thousand dollars; two dollars if it shall be more than one thousand dollars and less than five thousand dollars, and for every additional one thousand dollars over five thousand dollars, the further sum of fifty cents. all moneys so received by the chief shall be paid by him into the city treasury at least once a month, and a detailed state- ment thereof, giving the date when, and the name of the person from whom received, shall be filed in the office of the city clerk. section . it shall be the duty of the chief of the fire department to visit and inspect each building which may be in the course of erection, construction or altera- tion within the fire limits of said city, and to see that such house or building is being erected, constructed or altered according to the provisions of the city ordinances and the permit so granted, and in a manner adapted for the se- curity thereof against fires, and the safety of the occu- pants. his visits and inspection may be repeated from time to time until such house or building is completed, when he shall, if requested, furnish the owner or con- structor with a certificate that said house or building is in all respects conformable to law and properly constructed. charter of the section . it shall be the duty of the board of fire commissioners to cause the chief of the department to examine into the cause, circumstances and origin of all fires occurring in said city, by which any building, erec- tion or valuable personal property shall be accidently or unlawfully burned, destroyed or damaged, and to especi- ally inquire and examine whether such fire was the result of carelessness or the act of any incendiary. the chief of the fire department may take the testimony of all per- sons supposed to be cognizant of any facts connected with such fire; said testimony shall be reduced to writing and shall be transmitted to the board of fire commissioners, together with a report by the chief of the fire department embodying his opinion in regard thereto. the chief of the fire department shall also report to the chief of police, to the prosecuting attorney of washtenaw county and to the owners of property or other persons interested in the subject matter of such investigation, any facts or circum- stances which he may have ascertained which shall in his opinion require attention from or by said officers or persons. the public health. section . there shall be a board of health in said city which shall consist of three members, one of whom shall be a competent physician; they shall be ap- pointed by the mayor, by and with the consent of the common council, for the full term of three years; but the members shall be subject to classification in such manner that one term shall expire each year. section . the said board shall have and possess all the powers given by the general statutes of this state to boards of health in townships, in addition to those herein particularly enumerated, except when the powers granted would conflict with the provisions contained in this charter. said board of health shall have power and it shall be their duty to take such measures as they shall city of ann arbor. deem effectual to prevent the entrance of any pestilential or infectious disease into the city; to stop, detain, and ex- amine for that purpose every person coming from any place infected or believed to be infected with such a dis- ease; to establish, maintain, and regulate a pest-house or hospital at some place within the city or not exceeding three miles beyond its limits or bounds; to cause any per- son not being a resident of the city who shall be or is sus- pected of being infected with any such disease, to be sent to such pest-house or hospital; to cause any resident of the city infected to be removed to such pest house or hos- pital if the health physician and two other physicians of the city, including the attending physician of the sick person, if he has one, shall certify that the removal of such resident is necessary for the public health: pro- vided, it can be done with safety to the patient; to re- move from the city or destroy any furniture, wearing ap- parel, goods, wares and merchandise, or other articles of property of any kind, which shall be suspected of being tainted or infected with any pestilence, or which shall be in or likely to pass into such state as to generate and propagate disease; to abate all nuisances of every de- scription which are or may be injurious to the public health in any way or in any manner they may deem ex- section . the powers given to township boards of health and which are by this section given to the board of health of the city are found in how- ell's statutes, sections to . the authority of the board of health to guard against small-pox extends to making contracts for nursing patients and destroying infected clothing, and when they have allowed accounts for such services rendered and property destroyed, the board of supervisors must pass such accounts and can be compelled by mandamus to do so; they cannot refuse on the ground that the patients were themselves able to pay; elliott vs. kalkaska supervisors, mich., . but compensation cannot be col- lected for the use of a house for a small-pox patient, which was already infected with small-pox: farnsworth vs. kalkaska supervisors, mich., . the supervisors may pass upon the pecuniary ability of the patient to pay for the necessaries furnished: people vs. macomb supervisors, mich., . but the public is, in the first instance, liable to pay. if they were not, it would be impossible to adequately provide against epidemics: rae vs. flint, mich., . city of ann arbor. collected shall be paid into the treasury, and be devoted to the maintenance and support of the pest-house, or of any hospital hereafter established by the city. section . the common council shall have power to pass and enact such by-laws and ordinances as they from time to time shall deem necessary and proper for the filling up, draining, cleansing, and regulating any grounds, yards, basins or cellars within the said city that shall be sunken, damp, foul, encumbered with filth and rubbish, unwholesome, and for filling, or altering amending all sinks and privies within the said city, and for directing the mode of constructing them in future, and to cause all such works as shall be necessary for the purpose aforesaid and for the preservation of the public health and the cleanli- ness of the city, to be executed and done at the expense ot the city corporation, on account of the persons respectively upon whom the same may be assessed and for that pur- pose cause the expenses thereof to be estimated, assessed and collected, and the lands charged therewith sold in case of non-payment, the same as provided by law with respect to other improvements within said city, and in all cases when the said by-laws or ordinances shall require anything to be done in respect to the property of several persons, the expenses thereof may be included in one as- sessment, and the several houses and lots in respect to which such assessment shall have been incurred, shall be briefly described in the manner required by law in the assessment roll for the general expenses of the city, and the sum of money assessed to each owner or occupant of any such house or lot, shall be the amount of money ex- pended in making such improvement upon such premises, together with the ratable proportion of the expenses of assessing and collecting the money expended in making the improvements. section . whenever, in the opinion of the com- mon council, any building, fence or other erection of any charter of the kind, or part thereof, is liable to fall down, and persons or property may be endangered, they may order any owner or occupant of the premises on which said building, fence or other erection stands to take down the same or any part thereof within a reasonable time, to be fixed by said order, or immediately, as the case may require, or may immedi- ately, in case the order is not complied with, cause the same to be taken down at the expense of the city, on ac- count of the owner of the premises, and assess the same on the land on which it stood. the order, if not imme- diate in its terms, may be served on any occupant of the premises or be published in the city papers, as the com- mon council shall direct. section . the members of the board of health and the health officers shall receive such compensation for their services as may be allowed by the common council. finance and taxation. section . the common council shall examine, settle and allow all accounts and demands properly charge- able against the said city, as well of its oflicers as of other persons, and shall have authority to provide means for the payment of the same, and for defraying the contingent ex- penses of the said city, subject only to the limitation and restrictions in this act contained. the fiscal year shall commence on the first day of february in each year. section . the common council shall have author- ity to assess, levy, and collect taxes on all the real and personal estate taxable in said city, which tax shall be and remain a lien upon the property so assessed until the same shall be paid: provided, that the aggregate amount which the council may raise by general tax upon the tax- able real and personal property for the purposse for which the several general funds are hereinafter constituted shall not, except as herein otherwise provided, exceed in any one year one-half of one per cent, on the assessed value ot all the real and personal property in the city made tax- charter of the walks, and for the care thereof, and for the construction and maintenance of bridges. fourth. water fund. for providing water supply for fire and other public purposes. fifth, police fund. for the maintenance of the police of the city and to defray the expense of the arrest and punishment of those violating the ordinances of the city. sixth, poor fund. for the support and relief and maintenance of the poor. seventh, cemetery fund. for the purchase or care of the public cemeteries, and for the removal of bodies buried within the city. eighth, such other general funds as the council may from time to time constitute: provided, that the amount to be raised by tax for each of the above funds shall be determined by the common council prior to the levy and no transfer shall be made from one fund to another except by a three-fourths vote of all the members of the common council elect. section . it shall be the duty of the city assessor, as soon as possible after entering upon the duties of his . office, to ascertain the taxable property of the city, and the persons to whom it should be assessed and their residence, and on or before the second monday in june each year he shall make and complete an assessment roll for each and every ward in said city, upon which he shall set down the name of persons liable to be taxed for personal property in the city, and also a full description of the real property liable to be taxed therein. in making'such rolls he shall be governed by the general laws of the state providing for the assessment of property and the levy and collection of taxes thereon, and shall have all the powers conferred up- on the supervisors of townships. section . for the general duties of the assessor in making the assessment and of the board of review see act no. of the public acts of , and act no. of the public acts of . city of ann arbor. in the notice: provided, that the'aggregate amount of city taxes levied shall not in any one year exceed one per cent, of the valuation of the real and personal estate tax- able within the limits of the city: provided also, that no more than two such meetings shall be held in any cal- endar year. the polls at any such meeting shall be kept open at least six hours, and the common council shall ap- point three of its members to act as inspectors. the city clerk shall be the clerk of such meeting and shall keep a poll list of the electors voting. section . all state, county and school taxes in said city, and all city taxes which shall be raised by a gen- eral tax, shall be levied and collected, as near as may be, in the same manner as provided by the law for the assess- ment and collection of taxes by township officers; and all proceedings lor the return, sale and redemption of real es- tate for non-payment of taxes, shall be in conformity with the proceedings for the return, sale and redemption of real estate as required by the laws of this state. section . whenever the common council shall authorize a tax to be levied, for any special purpose, and which cannot be included in the assessment roll, and col- lected and returned for non payment, as provided in the preceding section of this act, it shall be lawful for the com- mon council to apportion such tax upon the property tax- able for such purpose, according to the valuation contained in the then last assessment roll, and shall place the tax in a column opposite the valuation of the property; and where such roll is completed, the city clerk shall make and deliver a copy thereof to the treasurer of said city, to- gether with a warrant or warrants, signed by the mayor and city clerk, commanding such treasurer to collect from the several persons named in said roll, opposite their re- spective names, within a time in said warrant specified, not less than thirty days nor more than ninety days from the date thereof, together with a collection fee of one per charter of the pay the tax or taxes assessed against him or them, and ob- tain the treasurers receipt therefor. section . upon all taxes paid to the treasurer be fore the first day ot january, he shall add one-half of one per cent, for collection fees; and upon all taxes collected by him after the said first day of january, he shall add one and one-half of one per cent, for such collection fees, and collect such percentage with such tax, in the same manner as he is authorized to collect the tax; and for the purpose of collecting such fees by the treasurer, such per- centage shall be deemed and taken to be a part of the tax. section . the treasurer of said city shall proceed to collect the taxes in the several wards, and on or before the first day of february shall account for and pay over to the county treasurer the amounts specified in the several • warrants to be collected for state and county purposes, and shall return to the said county treasurer a statement of the taxes remaining unpaid and due, in the manner provided by law for township treasurers; and all the pro- visions of the laws of this state relating to the collection of taxes by township treasurers, or to the paying over of money by the township treasurers to the county treasurer, or returning by the township treasurer to the county treas- urer of a statement of the taxes remaining unpaid and due, are hereby made applicable to the treasurer of said city. section . no bond, note, or other obligation or evidence of indebtedness of said corporation, except orders on the treasurer, as hereinafter provided, shall ever be given or issued by said corporation, or by any officer there- of, in his official capacity, whereby the said city shall be- come obligated to pay any money, unless the same shall have been duly authorized by the legislature of this state, and shall have been submitted to and voted for by a ma- jority of the electors of said city voting thereon, in con- formity to this act; but the common council may allow just claims against the city, and may issue orders therefor city of ann arbor. on the treasurer or payable on presentation from any moneys then in the treasury, on the first day of february thereafter; but such second named class of orders shall not, in any fiscal year, exceed the aggregate taxes levied in such year for the payment of the same. all moneys collected for the use of the city shall be paid into the city treasury, and no moneys shall be paid from the treasury unless it shall have been previously appropriated by the common council to the purpose for which it shall be drawn. the treasurer shall pay out no money except upon the written warrant of the mayor and city clerk, which war- rant shall specify the fund from which the money is to be paid: provided, that school moneys shall be paid to the treasurer of school district number one of the city of ann arbor upon the warrant of the president and secretary of said board. miscellaneous. section . the assessor and supervisor of each ward and city clerk shall at the time appointed in each year for the return of the several ward assessment rolls, make a list of persons to serve as petit jurors, and a list to serve as grand jurors for the ensuing year, of the qual- ifications and in the manner prescribed by law. section . a contract cannot be made for a series of years, under this section. the limit to the amount of tax to be raised by the council each year was held, in niles water works vs. niles, mich., , to prevent the making of a thirty years water contract without a vote of the people. the council cannot burden the revenues of succeeding years: putnam vs. grand rapids mich , . where there is no money in a specific fund to pay orders against it, a suit will not lie on the orders: second national bank of lansing vs lansing, mich., ; goodrich vs. detroit, mich.. . as- sumpsit will not lie against the city upon city orders. the remedy for the improper refusal of payment upon orders properly drawn is by mandamus; peterson vs. manistee, mich., . warrants drawn upon the city treasurer are not negotiable instruments and while in the hands of a person to whom they have been sold are subject to all the equities existing between the payee and the city, without reference to the good faith of the holder; miner vs. vedder., mich. when any work or local improvement is payable from a particular fund and the council misappropriates or transfers the money in this fund, the city at large is liable therefore: chaffee vs. granger, mich., ; lansing vs. gorder, mich., . charter of the section . any person who may be required to take any oath or affirmation, under or by virtue of any provision of this act, who shall, under such oath or affirm- ation, in any statement or affidavit, or otherwise, willfully swear falsely as to any material fact or matter, shall be deemed guilty of perjury. section . if any suit shall be commenced against any person elected or appointed under this act to any office, for any act done or omitted to be done under such election or appointment, or against any person having done any thing or act by the command of any such officer, and if final judgment be rendered in such suit, whereby any such defendant shall be entitled to costs, he shall re- cover double costs, in the manner defined by law. section . the common council f said city is hereby authorized and required to perform the same duties in and for said city as are by law imposed upon the town- ship boards of the several townships of this state, in re- lation to schools, school taxes, county and state taxes, and state, district and county elections; and the super- visors and assessors, justices of the peace and city clerk, and all other officers of the city, who are required to per- form the duties of township officers of this state, shall take the oath, give the bond, perform like duties, and re- ceive the same pay and in the same manner and be sub- ject to the same liabilities, as provided for the correspond- ing township officers, excepting as is otherwise provided in this act, or as may be provided by the ordinances of the common council. section . the ordinances now in force in the city of ann arbor shall remain in lorce until repealed, altered, or amended by the common council; and all property, rights, credits and effects of every kind, belonging to the city of ann arbor, shall be and remain the property of the said city of ann arbor. section . all acts heretofore enacted in regard to index td charter. a. sect on. page. absence of mayor of marshal of president of the council accounts, allowed by council actions against city, how commenced claim first presented to council for damages from sidewalks none for destroying buildings at fires- against officers acts repealed aldermen, members of board of registration. • inspectors of elections election of : term of oath of office- members of common council duties of conservators of the peace constables to obey orders of—.— to receive notice special meetings- may request special meetings called not eligible to paid appointive office cannot be bondsmen or surety expulsion of alleys, encumbering regulations for lighting councils control over opening or vacating paving -.. in charge of board of public works— index to charter. section. page. bells, ringing of beggers, may be punished punishable bids, when required security to be furnished reported to council advertisement for proposals billiard tables, licensed and regulated - bills of mortality board of fire commissioners, appointment of when appointment of members made.- oath of office clerk of organization of to serve without compensation power to establish a fire department— to organize lire companies to make rules and regulations to nominate chief of fire department—- secretary of board purchases of to construct cisterns and reservoirs chief of department under direction of- to command assistance in case of fire-- appoint fire wardens remove buildings, boilers etc., as nui- sances consent to remove buildings at fires—- send relief to adjoining towns approve building permits report of chief concerning tires board of health, appointment of when appointment of members made- oath of office clerk of term of general powers of to prevent infectious diseases to establish a hospital to abate nuisances report of malignant diseases to report of in keepers to index to charter. sect on. pare. board of health, report of physicians to--- compensation board of public works, appointment of— when appointment of members made-- oath of office clerk of organization of appointed by the mayor confirmed by the council term of office of members first members of when nominated organization of board council to provide rooms and supplies- general powers and duties council may prescribe other duties recommend change of grades plats of additions submitted to improvements referred to by council-- to estimate cost of improvement make record of such estimates — prepare plans and specifications report to common council when board to advertise for bids require bidders to furnish sureties bids reported to common council to let contracts when authorized what amount may spend without au- thority • contracts made by when board may complete work of con- tractors rights to be reserved in contracts authority to sue appoint city engineer approve engineer's assistants appoint superintendent of works appoint street commissioner may remove street commissioner .- appoint subordinates determine compensation of appointees- certify to claims index to charter. sect on. page. chief of fire department, when cause buildings to be de- stroyed issue building permits pay fees into city treasury inspect buildings certificates that buildings are prop- erly constructed examines into causes of fire — report on causes of fire chief of police (see marshal). chimney sweeps, regulation of ?. chimneys, regulations concerning circuses, and other exhibitions cisterns, construction of city attorney (see attorney, city). city clerk, to give notice of registration to give notice of special elections- to keep ballot boxes to receive poll lists, etc to make duplicate certificates of election to notify officers elected to report persons not filing oath or bond election of term of oath of office files oaths of officers files official bonds new official bonds filed with bond filed with treasurer vacancy in office keeps seal, bonds, papers, etc.— clerk of common council duties of - - registers licenses reports amount licenses to coun- cil makes certified copies records— exercises powers township clerk- administers oaths index to charter. sect on. page. veto messages filed with certificate on ordinances and rec- ords ' reports veto to council record ordinances in record book certificate of publication of ordi- nance certified copy of ordinance by— summons against city served on when to apply for jury for street opening report of jury to be filed with— secretary board of fire commis- sioners statement of fees for building permits filed with clerk of board of review make copy special assessment roll, etc sign warrant for special assess- ment return of unpaid special taxes to. sign warrants on treasurer make list petit jurors further powers of city lockup, persons may be imprisoned in. vagrants sent to city treasurer, (see treasurer). claims, filed with clerk reported to council must be certified to on oath must be presented to council clerks of election, who appoint oatb of office i- must be electors duties of collection of taxes of special taxes committees, clerk of appointment of standing, duties of index to charter. combustibles, places where kept examined-- regulation of storage of commissioners of highway, council are — common council, may alter seal may divide ward into precincts to provide registration books for pre- cincts may appoint special elections to cause notice of special elections to be given - to provide ballot boxes to designate places for registration..- to designate polling places to determine result of elections to determine tie votes confirm officers appointed by mayor- create new offices by ordinance require bonds or securities approve sureties require new bonds — remove officer not filing new bonds- declare office vacant on failure to file oath or bond confirm appointment city clerk to fill vacancy order special election report of licenses to approve appointment deputy clerk-- report of claims by city clerk to city clerk to report overdrawn funds to clerks monthly report to clerks detailed financial report to may impose other duties on clerk--- provide clerk with office establish clerk's office hours may impose duties on constables marshal's report to when may remove treasurer annual report of treasurer to confirm nomination treasurer's suc- cessor sect on. page. index to charter. common council, confirm members board of health provide ordinances for reporting ma- lignant diseases power for preservation of health assessrug expense of health regula- tions removing buildings, fences, etc fix compensation board of health to settle all accounts to provide funds for payment of ac- counts to assess levy and collect taxes to establish funds power to tax liquor dealers transfer of funds by-- determine amount lax for each fund- pass ordinances for collecting special taxes appropriate all moneys further authority of compensation of officers complaints, under city ordinances condemnation of land for public use constables, election of term of office oath of office powers and fees may serve process under ordi- nances obey orders, mayor, etc removal of when may act as marshal fees of may serve warrants summon jury for street openings contingent fund interest accredited to contracts, made by board of public works--- council must authorize— city attorney to approve form of— work under, suspended prosecution for breach of-, is index to charter. section. page. drains, expense of constructing a lien connecting with sewer fee for connecting with sewer construction in charge of drays, licensing and regulating driving, regulation of ' drunkards, imprisoned until sober restrained and punished habitual, punished dry earth closets dwellings, examined by fire wardens e. election of officers elections, charter, when held where held . special, how appointed notice of special special, how couducted --- notice of hours polls open proclamation of opening and clos- ing how conducted canvas of votes at electors, qualifications of residence, how determined may be challenged oath of challenged must be registered when shall register when may register - - encroachment does not give title encumbrances of streets, regulated engineer city, appointed confirmed by council duties of appoints assistants compensation of not to hold elective office not to be interested in contracts— may be discharged to turn over books, surveys, etc.-- index to charter. section. page. firearms, regulation of firecrackers, regulation of sale fireworks, regulation of fire department - - fire department fund fire companies, organization of fires, inquiry into cause of fire limits firemen, appointment of compensation of exempt from jury duty injuries to fire wardens fiscal year fish, putrid regulation of sale of fowls, impounding of fees for impounding fountains, charge of construction of fruits, regulation of sale of funds, must be designated on warrants when exhausted, warrants void taxes to be credited to clerk's books must show condition— credits to be reported by clerk treasurer to keep account with each-- warrants to be drawn on particular report of condition of each the general funds amount in each to be determined transfer from .. furnaces, examination of g. gaming and gaming houses geese, running at large impounding of fees for impounding 'goods, crying of grade, of streets and sidewalks council's control over index to charter. section. page. labor, sufficient amount to pay retained on contracts ' lanes, encumbering council's control over lapse of time, not run against city licenses, countersigned and registered amount reported to council fees for issuing auctioneers, peddlers and pawnbrok- • era - ball alleys and billiard tables cabs, carriages and hacks carts, drays and other vehicles hotels and taverns saloons and victualing houses butchers lighting of streets and alleys council may provide for lights, regulation of the use of liquors, impure or adulterated regulation of the sale of limits of city lockup, (see city lockup). low grounds, drainage of lumber yards, location of m. markets, regulation of location of may be owned by city marshal city, appointment of when appointment made—- — term of cath of office constables to obey orders of is chief of police subject to mayor's direction duties of — to enter complaints to serve process arrests without process index to charter. section. page. notice, of registration preceding charter elec- tion of special elections of elections , of election or appointment to office--- of special meeting of council of opening or vacating streets to remove fences to remove buildings or fences when tax roll may be seen note, city not to give except when authorized nuisances, abatement of abatement by board of health numbering of houses o. oath, prescribed for electors of inspectors and clerks of election . failing to file, reported to council of justice of peace of officers failure to take or file may be administered by clerk when president or chairman administers when member of board of review may administer false oaths officers, city and ward appointed by mayor appointed by council under ordi- nances must be electors defaulter cannot be who deemed to be elected oath of office bonds required of new bonds may be required removable for not filing resignation made to council removal vacates office defaulter vacates office — index to charter. ection. page. pest houses plats, belonging to city— submitted to board police, maintained and regulated provided for by council regulations for regulations, outside city limits policeman, to serve warrants appointed by mayor special powers and duties defined temporary appointed under direction of marshal duties of make complaint violation of law- may be suspended may arrest upon view have powers of constables compensation at fires police fund police stations, charge of construction of— polls, time opening and closing poll tax poor fund poob, protection and care of commissioners overseer porters, regulation and licensing of posting, notices of election in street opening cases notices for election for taxes notices of tax collection pounds, establishing and regulating general provisions concerning - pound-masters, appointment and duties poultry, running at large precincts, wards may be divided into registration and election in president of common council, election of-- term of office perform duties of mayor, when-- index to charter. real estate, control of acquired by city taxation of recognizance on appeals by city not necessary records, city clerk to keep certified copies of council to cause to be deposited with clerk open to inspection — injury to, punished of council proceedings of ordinances evidence of of board of public works registration, board of vacancies in board, how filled in precincts when new registration made-- when board meets when board meets for re-regis- tration notice of re-registration notice of council to provide books how made -- when former registration in- valid rules governing preceding general election preceding charter elections— erasures of names on day of elections removal, for not filing new bonds from city or ward vacates office does not exonerate from liability-- of constables of treasurer of appointive officers of elective officers repairs of sidewalks in charge of board of public works..- si • - it s - bound univ. ofml«h. library city of ann arbor. the written permission of the mayor, which permission shall limit the time of such firing and shall be subject to be revoked at any time by the common council. sec. . any person who shall be found guilty of vio- lating this ordinance shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars or by imprisonment in the detroit house of correction, the city lockup or the washtenaw "county jail for a period of time not exceeding ninety days, or both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. passed in common council this st day of december, a. d. . glen v. mills, city clerk. approved this nd day of december, a. d. . warren e. walker, mayor. an ordinance to amend an ordinance relative to licenses. the common council of the city of ann arbor ordain: section i. that section of an ordinance entitled "an ordinance relative to licenses" approved july th, , as amended by ordinance approved february th, , and by ordinance approved march th, , be and the same is hereby amended so as to read as follows: sec. . every hawker, peddler or person going about from place to place, orwho makes use of any of the streets or open places in said city, selling or offering for sale goods, wares, merchandise or any species of property, shall pay a licenses therefor in the sum of one hundred dollars per year, or fifty dollars for a period of six months. and for a period of less than six months such person shall pay a license there- for as follows; that is to say: if he intends to travel on foot, one dollar per day; if he intends to travel with one horse, one dollar and fifty cents per day; if he intends to travel with two or more horses or other animals, two dollars ordinances of the per day for every vehicle so used. any person selling or exposing for sale any such goods or property from any wagon, hand-cart, show-case or stand, in any street or open place, shall pay the sum of three dollars per day; and in granting license for any such purpose in any street or open place, the mayor shall designate the street and place where any such wagon, hand-cart, stand or show-case, shall be located, and shall have power and authority to change and re-locate the same from time to time in his discretion. pro- vided, this section shall not apply to persons selling domes- tic fruits, dairy, farm or garden produce (of their own pro- duction,) nor to bakers or merchants delivering goods to their customers in said city. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. passed in common council this th day of january a. d. . glen v. mills, city clerk. disapproved this th of january a. d. . warren e. walker, mayor. passed in common council, the veto of the mayor, not- withstanding this, st day of february, a. d. . glen v. mills, city clerk. an ordinance authorizing the construction, main- ta nance and operation of an electric telephone exchange within the city of ann arbor. the common conncil of the city of ann arbor ordain: section i. that the new state telephone company, a corporation organized under the laws of the state of michigan, be and hereby is licensed and given permission and authority to construct and maintain in the city of ann arbor an electric telephone exchange, and for this purpose to erect, maintain, operate and use in the public streets, avenues and alleys of said city necessary poles, masts, wires and other apparatus, and to rent and collect rent therefor, telephones, subject however, to the conditions and limit- ations in this ordinance contained. city of ann arbor- sec. . all poles, masts and wires shall be placed and erected under supervision of the board of public works of the city of ann arbor, whose duty it shall be to see that such poles, masts and wires are erected and constructed and maintained in such manner as not to annoy or interfere un- necessarily with the owners or occupants of property in said city, or with shade trees, and in such manner as not to inteafere with the traffic upon the streets, avenues and alleys of said city. sec. . whenever said new state telephone com- pany, or its successor or assigns, shall propose to enter up- on any street, alley or avenue in said city for the purpose of erecting poles and masts therein and stringing wires therein, it shall, five days previous to the delivery of any poles in said street, avenue or alley, and five days previous to the erection of any pole or mast or the stringing of any wire in said street, .avenue or alley, give notice to the board of public works of its purpose and intention in this behalf; and the board of public works shall have the right, and it shall be the duty of said board to prescribe such reasonable regulations and rules for the setting of any such posts, poles or masts and the stringing of wires in said street, avenue or alley, and concerning the digging up of said street, avenue or alley and the restoring of the surface of the same, as it shall deem proper and necessary. such notice to the board shall be in writing, and shall designate the street, avenue or alley proposed to be entered upon and the distance therein by blocks that it is proposed to erect poles, masts or other electric apparatus, and as nearly as possible the places in said streets, avenues, or alleys where it is proposed to set or erect posts, poles or masts. the rules and regulations made by said board concerning the erection of such poles, masts and wires, shall be by resolution and entered upon its minutes. sec. . wood or iron poles or masts may be used. if wood, the poles or masts shall be reasonably straight and shaved and painted the entire length thereof, and shall be set upright in the ground, and such as may be hereafter pro- vided for by a general ordinance affecting all such poles or ordinances of the. masts within the city of ann arbor. on all paved streets such poles, posts or masts shall be placed between the curb and the sidewalk, and upon all parked streets said poles, posts or masts shall be placed in line with the shade trees upon said parking, except where such position is occupied by poles not belonging to the new state telephone com- pany. all wires shall be strung at least twenty feet from the surface of the ground except when entering buildings. plant, wires, insulators and all apparatus shall be modern and first-class in everv respect. no wire or wires shall be attached to buildings except by consent of the owner. sec. . all poles, posts and masts erected under this ordinance shall be subject to, and this ordinance is granted expressly upon, condition that the city may use the top twenty-four inches of any and all of said poles, posts or masts for the purpose of stringing thereon and supporting electric wires for fire alarm and police purposes, without charge to said city and without compensation to said new state telephone company, or its successor or assigns and said new state telephone company shall leave the top twenty-four inches of each pole vacant. such use of said poles, posts or masts to be in all cases without interference with the carrying on of the business of said new state telephone company or its assigns. sec. . the said new state telephone company and its successors and assigns, shall at all times furnish to the city of ann arbor, free, and without cost to said city, ten telephones and ten other telephones at half the regular cost of same to said city for official use and fire protection with the necessary and proper service, said telephones to be placed in such offices and places as the common council shall by resolution direct. if more than said twenty tele- phones are required by" the said city at any time, the price charged said city for any number of telephones in excess of twenty shall be one-half the price fixed by this company for business places and no more. the said company is required to move any or all of said twenty telephones free and without cost to said city, whenever required so to do by resolution of the common city of ann arborr is council on the day and the time mentioned in such notice shall meet at the council chamber, sitting as a board of review, and shall proceed without adjournment to review any such special assessment roll. the common council sitting as such board of review shall have power and author- ity to change any description of land contained therein and the foot frontage thereof and to add thereto lands omitted therefrom and to do and perform any other act or thing whatever in and about any such special assessment roll to the end that every such special assessment roll shall be made just, true and fair; that any person interested therein may be heard in person, by his agent or attorney and all matters of complaint shall be duly considered, and after any such special assessment roll shall have been duly considered the board of review shall approve or reject the same and shall certify their determination to the common council and the common council at that meeting or the next meeting shall confirm any such special assessment roll so approved by the board of review, and shall order the sum or sums of' money fixed and determined upon as the estimated cost of such street pavement, street crossings and intersections excepted, and one-fifth of the balance of the cost also excepted, to be assessed and spread upon any such special assessment roll and on and upon each and every of the regular annual assess- ment rolls in said city for the year in and during which any such special assessment shall or may be payable and levy the assessment against the owners or occupants of the lands set down therein, and shall levy and assess the said sum or sums of money on, upon and against the lands set down in and valued upon any such special assessment roll as per foot as aforesaid, and shall certify the said special assessment roll and order and resolution of assessment to the city assessor. sec. . after any such special assessment roll and order of assessment shall be certified to the city assessor, the city assessor shall without delay proceed to spread the sum or sums of money mentioned in any such order of assessment upon any such assessment roll, and assess the same against the persons therein named and against the city of ann arbor. such board of review shall have completed the review of any such special assessment roll, they shall so declare by reso- lution, whereupon at the next meeting of the common council the city clerk shall report the proceedings of the said board of review to the common council, -when the question shall be, "shall the special assessment roll be confirmed?'.' which shall be determined in the affirmative only by a majority vote of all the aldermen elect. when- ever any such special assessment roll shall have been thus confirmed by the common council, it shall be final and conclusive, and shall from the date of such confirmation be and continue a lien upon the respective lots or parcels of land assessed and set down therein, and shall be a charge against the person or persons to whom assessed until paid. sec. . after the confirmation of any such special assessment roll, it shall be the duty of the city clerk to certify the said assessment roll, together with the reso- lution of confirmation to the city assessor, who shall forth- with attach thereto his warrant directed to the city treas- urer commanding him to collect from all, each and every of the persons assessed in said special assessment roll, the sum of money assessed to and set opposite his name therein. the said taxes or assessments shall become payable and due in four equal annual installments; the first installment in the month of july next after any such assessment roll shall have been confirmed, along with the city taxes, and annually thereafter until fully paid. all of the said taxes or assess- ments shall draw interest annually from the date of con- firmation of any such assessment roll, at the rate of five per cent per annum until paid. any person against whom any such tax or assessment shall have been assessed shall have leave and be at liberty to pay the same or any installment thereof at any one payment at any time after such assess- ment roll shall have been certified to the city treasurer, with interest from the date of confirmation only, provided, that- at any time after a special assessment has become pay- able, the same may be collected by suit in the name of the city, against the person assessed, in an action of assumpsit, in any court having jurisdiction of the amount. in every city of ann arbor- such notice, to make connections with the main water and gas pipes and sewers that may be laid in said streets, except where such connections have already been made. sec. . if along the line of said street there is any vacant or unoccupied lot, lots or premises, and the owner, owners, agent or agents thereof cannot be conveniently found, the said board of public works shall post such notice, as aforesaid, in some conspicuous place upon said lot, lots or premises. sec. . in case of default or negligence on the part of any owner, occupant, or agent to connect with the service pipe and sewers as aforesaid, or in case the notice posted on any vacant or unoccupied lot, lots or premises, shall fail to come to the notice of the owner, owners, agent or agents thereof, and such notice has expired, or if such owner, owners, agent or agents shall not within thirty days make such connections, the city shall then cause such connections to be made, and the expenses thereof shall be assessed up- on the property for the benefit for which connection was made-, and such assessment shall be a lien upon the said property until paid, and such lien shall have the same force and effect as is provided in case of other special assessments. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after legal publication. passed in common council this th day of december, a. d. . glen v. mills, city clerk. approved december , . chas. e. hiscock, mayor. an ordinance to amend an ordinance entitle!) "an ordi- nance relative to licenses," approved july' , i, as amended by an ordinance approved february , , as amended by an ordinance approved march , . the common council of the city of ann arbor ordain: section i. that section u of an ordinance entitled "an ordinance relative to licenses," approved july th, , as amended by an ordinance approved february th, city of ann arbor. miscellaneous provisions. sec. . the cost and expense of sprinkling the streets which intersect or cross any of the streets in any such street sprinkling district shail be a charge,upon the street fund and sum of money proportionally equal to the contract price which the width of the street intersecting or crossing the streets in any such street sprinkling district bears to the whole of the taxable foot-frontage of any such sprinkling district, shall be deducted from the contract sum or price, and the remainder only shall be charged against, spread and assessed upon the taxable lands, tenements and premises in any such street sprinkling district. sec. . it shall be the duty of the board of public works to advertise for tenders for such street sprinkling in each of the said districts for the coming year and from year to year until otherwise ordered by the common council. bids may be delivered sealed at the office of the city clerk at any time until the hour of four o'clock in the afternoon of the fourth monday of april, and the board of public works shall contract with the lowest responsible bidder, and after any such contract shall be concluded, after the first contract, the board of public works shall report and certify the con- tract price of sprinkling any such sprinkling district to the city assessor. the city assessor, on receipt of any such report. shall proceed forthwith to make or cause to be made a duplicate special assessment roll for any such sprinkling district for the year in which any such report shall be made, and if any of the lands or premises in any such district shall or may have been transferred or divided, the city assessor shall enter the name of any such purchaser or occupant on the new assessment roll, and shall divide the amount of the assessment on the whole parcel on the former roll and dis- tribute and assess the same among the parcels into which the said lands and premises may have been divided according to the surface .area thereof. and when any such duplicate assessment roll shall be computed, the city assessor shall attach his warrant thereto directed to the city treasurer, and the city treasurer shall proceed to collect the sum and sums of money spread and assessed thereon according to the com- a num artes scientia jalli library rutas of the versity of michiga musiikuntaminh universit tutti tcebor si queris-peni chris-peninsulama len circumspice olognauiguidor ove. malalarigal reality comparatilaus nomination tommittuntum js revised ordinances of - charter and ordinances city of ann arbor x printed by authority of the common council compilers: j. w. dwyer s. w. beakes ann arbor, michigan i the ann arbor press ann arbor, mich. charter and ordinances of the city of ann arbor officers of the city government of ann arbor for the year - ......... mayor ... ...james c. henderson president of council. ..william l. walz city clerk ...... ...ross granger city assessor ........ .samuel w. beakes i wm. g. doty justices andrew gibson city attorney ..... .john w. dwyer city treasurer ....... .david a. hammond chief of police.......... .theodore c. apfel chief of fire department... charles j. andrews street commissioner ......... ..john wisner city engineer e. w. groves city physician ....... elliot k. herdman city poor master .... ..... michael j. martin aldermen vernor l. snauble first ward ......... | william h. stark emanuel l. schneider second ward ....... · henry j. hochrein i clarence j .sweet third ward i j. frederick maulbetsch john w. markey fourth ward ... | bruno st. james, jr. | edward b. manwaring fifth ward ..... isaac l. sherk i george blaich sixth ward ......... "william goodyear geo. h. fischer seventh ward ( horatio j. abbott board of public works first ward ...... ....... arthur c. nichols second ward .... .christian schlenker third ward ... ...wesley e. howe fourth ward. ... ..wirt cornwell fifth ward ... .george w. hubbard sixth ward .arthur e. mummery seventh ward .evart h .scott ( moses seabolt board of fire commissioners... sid w. millard ( george e. apfel dr. james f. breakey. board of health......... h. b. dodsley (henry j. brown herman krapf board of building inspectors... george scott (w. c. jacobus daviĎ f. allmendinger royal s. copeland board of park commissioners..... george p. burns levi d. wines henry w. douglas supervisors first ward. ....... ........edward hiscock second ward. ..eugene oesterlin third ward. ..frank pardon fourth ward .. ..herman krapf fifth ward... ... george w. weeks sixth ward... ...a. f martin seventh ward. ......bert f. schumacher ................. ................. mayors of the city of ann arbor from april .......................... to april ........ .. .................... ....... .............. ................. george sedgwick edwin r. tremain james kingsley. william s. maynard philip bach . robert j. barry .. john f. miller ... charles spoor .. ebenezer wells william s. maynard oliver m. martin . christian eberbach .. alfred h. partridge william d. harriman silas h. douglass .... hiram j. beakes .... edward d. kinne . ...... densmore cramer. willard b. smith john kapp ... william d. harriman. john kapp ....... john j. robison .. willard b. smith samuel w. beakes charles h. manly . william g. doty . bradley m. thompson cyrenus g. darling warren e. walker. charles e. hiscock. gottlob luick ... royal s. copeland . arthur brown ... francis m. hamilton james c. henderson * ........................ ................ .............. .............. ..... . .. ... ... .. ... .. ... . . ....................... ......................... ....... ....... ..................... ............. presidents of the council ........................ ..................... (this position was established as an elective city office by the charter of .) from to april april fred h. belser ... mortimer e. cooley. ...... william w. watts ...... levi d. wines .... charles e. hiscock * gottlob luick ... walter t. seabolt john w. haarer ... ...:::.... john c. walz, jr... eugene s. gilmore. william l. walz .............. ....... * in march, , the term of office of mayor and president of the council was extended to two years. .. ... .. . .. ... ... ... .. .. ....................... ....................... jl. ............................. ............ table of contents city charter act of incorporation boundaries electors and registration elections officers qualifications, oath, and official bond vacancies in office. duties of officers mayor , aldermen city clerk justices of the peace assessor supervisors constables chief of police city treasurer city attorney compensation of officers common council powers of the common council ordinances enforcement of ordinances police cemeteries ; pounds public buildings, grounds, and parks sewers, drains and water-courses streets, sidewalks & public improvements.. board of public works table of contents page franchise—continued detroit, ypsilanti and ann arbor street railroad co hawks and angus street railway co ann arbor railway company grade wagner and mack telephone co ann arbor railroad company side track ann arbor railroad company side track , fires fires and fire limits inflammable and explosive goods and oils police and good order police force disorderly persons disorderly houses getting off or on railway cars court house square trespassers fire-arms within city limits closing saloons regulation of saloons and drug stores distributing advertising packages firecrackers and fireworks protection of squirrels and birds running at large of rabbits, hares and chickens licenses general provisions regulating trade dogs porters, runners and drivers transient traders saloons posting bills and signs public health general provision relating to public health nuisances spitting on sidewalk milk garbage cemeteries «j burial grounds fairview cemetery sewers ordinance relative to sewers broadway and wall street sewer charter of the city of ann arbor ax act to reincorporate the city of ann arbor, re- vise the charter of said city and repeal all con- flicting acts relating thereto, being act number three hundred-and thirty-one ( ) of the local acts of michigan of , approved march , , as amended by act number two hundred and sixty- two ( ) of the local acts of , approved march , , as amended by act number two hundred and eighty-two ( ) of the local acts of , approved april , , as amended by act number three hundred and sixty-eight ( ) of the local acts of , approved april , , and as amended by act number three hundred and thirty-six ( ) of the local acts of s , approved march , . incorporation and boundaries. section .* the people of the state of michigan enact: commencing at the southeast corner of section thirty, township two south, range six east, washte- naw county, michigan, thence north along the east line of section thirty to a point twelve rods south of the south line of liberty street, thence westerly on a * as amended april , . charter of the line parallel with liberty street to the east line of the west half of the southeast quarter of section thirty, thence north to the east and west center line of said section thirty, thence west on said center line to the center of section thirty, thence north on the center line of section thirty to a point twelve rods south of the south line of jackson road, thence west parallel with and twelve rods from the jackson road to the intersection of the west line of grand view plat, pro- jected southerly, thence north along the west boun- dary of said plat extended north to a point twelve rods north of the dexter road, thence southeasterly parallel to and twelve rods from the dexter road to the east line of the west half of the northeast quarter of section thirty, thence north along the last men- tioned line to the northwest corner of the east half of the northeast quarter of section thirty, thence east along the north line of section thirty to the southeast, corner of section nineteen, thence north along the east line of section nineteen to a point nine hundred and forty-five feet north of the east quarter post of section nineteen, thence west at right angles to the east line of section nineteen three hundred and fifty feet, thence north parallel with said section line five hundred feet to the east and west center line of the northeast quarter of section nineteen, thence east along the center lines of the north halves of sections nineteen, twenty and twenty-one, to the northeast cor ner of the southwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section twenty-one, thence south parallel with the east line of section twenty-one to the river bank, thence southerly along the easterly bank of the huron river to the east line of section twenty-eight, thence south along the east line of sections twenty-eight and thirty-three to the southeast corner of the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section thirty- three, thence west parallel with the section lines city of ann ari h to the west line of section thirty-three, thence north along the west line of section thirty-three to the west quarter post of section thirty-three, thence west along the center line of section thirty-two to the west line of section thirty-two, thence north along the west line of section thirty-two to the place of beginning, be and the same is hereby set off from said township and declared to be a city, by the name of the city of ann arbor; and the freemen of said city from time to time being inhabitants thereof, shall be and continue to be a body corporate and pol- itic, by the name and style of "the city of ann ar- bor," and by that name it shall be known in law, and shall be capable of suing and being sued, and of pros- ecuting and defending all suits; they may have a common seal, which the common council may alter at pleasure, and shall be capable of purchasing, hold- ing, conveying and disposing of real and personal es- tate for the use of said corporation. sec. * the city shall be divided into seven wards, as follows: the first ward shall embrace all that part of the city lying south of huron street, east of main street, west of state street and north of mad- ison street; the second ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying south of huron street and jackson avenue and west of main street and the ann arbor and lodi plank road; the third ward shall em- brace all that portion of the city lying north of huron street and jackson avenue, and south of the huron river, and west of fourth avenue, extending to the river huron; the fourth ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying north of huron street and of the line of huron street as extended easterly to the city limits south of the river huron and east of fourth avenue; the fifth ward shall embrace all that * as amended march , . charter of the portion of the city lying northeast of the huron river; the sixth ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying south of huron street and of the line of huron street as extended easterly to the city limits, and east of state street from its intersection with huron street to its intersection with monroe street, and north of monroe street from its intersection with state street to its intersection with east univer- sity avenue, and east. of east university avenue from its intersection with monroe street to its intersection with hill street, and north of hill street from its intersection with east university ave- nue to its intersection with washtenaw avenue and northeasterly of washtenaw avenue from its inter- section with hill street to the city limits; the seventh ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying east of main street and the ann arbor and lodi plank road, and south of madison street from its intersec- tion with main street to its intersection with state street, and west of state street from its intersection with madison street to its intersection with monroe street, and south of monroe street from its intersec- tion with state street to its intersection with east university avenue and west of east university ave- nue from its intersection with monroe street to its intersection with hill street and south of hill street from its intersection with east university avenue to its intersection with washtenaw avenue and south- westerly of washtenaw avenue from its intersection with hill street to the city limits. the aforesaid di- visions are made by the actual or supposed continua- tion of the center line of each of the said division streets in the present direction thereof: provided, that at least ten days before the first election in and for the additional ward created by this act, the com mon council shall appoint three electors, residing in the territory formed into the seventh ward, by this city of ann arbor act, as inspectors of the first election therein, and cause notice to be given by the city clerk at least eight days previous to said election, in manner prescribed by section eight of the charter of the city of ann ar- bor. such notice shall state the time and place in the said seventh ward of holding said first election, and of the city and ward officers to be elected, and of the time and place in said ward where the said inspec- tors of election will meet on the wednesday next pre- ceding said first election to make a registration of the electors in said seventh ward, and that no person un- less registered in the registry book of said ward will be permitted to vote at such election. the inspectors of election, appointed as herein provided, shall con- stitute a board of registration for said seventh ward, for the purpose of making the first registry of the electors therein. they shall take and file with the city clerk the constitutional oath of office and shall meet in the said seventh ward on the days and times and at the place appointed in the notice of the said first election and there make a registry of all persons in said ward who are qualified electors, in accordance with the general laws of the state of michigan and the provisions of the charter of said city in force at the time of said registration. such registry when completed shall be the registry of the electors of said seventh ward. said inspectors of such first election in said seventh ward shall have the same powers, per- form the same duties at, and conduct such election as nearly as may be in accordance with the provisions of the charter of said city, except as herein otherwise provided. sec. . the common council shall have power, by ordinance duly passed, to divide any ward which shall have polled more than six hundred votes at the last preceding general election, into polling precincts, citt of ann arbor i i tions provided by the laws of the state for electors at general elections, which oath may be administered by either of the inspectors of election. upon taking such oath or affirmation, if duly registered in said w ard, he shall be permitted to vote. sec. . the supervisor and aldermen of each ward shall constitute the board of registration there- in, except as in this act otherwise provided. if by any reason-there shall not be a full board of registra- tion, the common council shall supply any vacancy or appoint a board of registration for the ward. sec. . a new and complete registration of elec- tors shall be made in the several wards on tuesday and wednesday preceding the general election to be held in the vear , and on the tuesdav and wed- nesday preceding the general election to be held every eighth year thereafter, for which purpose the several ward boards shall be and remain in session at such places as the common council shall direct, from eight o'clock in the forenoon to eight o'clock in the after- noon of the days before named. notice of such ses- sions and registration shall be given as provided in section two of "an act to further preserve the purity of elections and guard against the abuse of the elec- tion franchise by a registration of electors," approved february , , and registration books of the form prescribed by statute and now in use in said city shall be provided under the direction of the common coun- cil. the rules and regulations prescribed in the act before cited, shall be observed and carried out in making the registration hereby ordered, and when any new registration shall have been completed under the provisions of this act the registry books prior thereto in use in said city shall be deemed invalid, and no person shall vote at any election in any ward of said city whose name shall not be entered in the charter of the new register made under the provisions of this act, or be afterwards properly entered in such new register, according to the provisions of the act aforesaid and this act. sec. . sessions of the board of registration shall be held in the several wards on the tuesday preceding each general election of state and county officers at which a new and complete registration is not ordered for the purpose of registering new electors in said ward registration . books in the manner prescribed in the aforesaid act, like notice to be given as pro- vided by section six of said act, which session shall commence at o'clock in the forenoon and close at o'clock in the afternoon, and on the wednesday preceding such general election the said board of registration shall hold a session at the common coun- cil room, in said city, from nine o'clock in the fore- noon until four o'clock in the afternoon for the pur- pose of comparing, revising, correcting and complet ing the several ward registration lists. at such ses- sion the presence of two members of each ward board of registration shall be necessary to constitute a quo- rum. applicants for registration, being duly quali- fied electors, may register at such session, and the names of electors who have removed or died since the preceding election shall be erased with red ink, with the remark "dead" or "removed," with the date of erasure. if the name of any elector shall be erased by mistake such elector may be re-registered on the day of election as provided by section eighteen of the act hereinbefore cited. sec. . sessions of the boards of registration shall be held in the several wards on the wednesday preceding each charter or special election for new reg- istration, and correction of the registry books, such sessions to be noticed and conducted as provided for city of ann arbor by the act before cited, except that the erasure of the names of electors who have removed or died shall be made as provided in the preceding section. such sessions shall commence at eight o'clock in the fore- noon and close at eight o'clock in the afternoon; pro- vided, that in giving notice of registration for a spec- ial election, it shall not be necessary to print the names of the electors then duly registered. sec. . two members shall at all times be pres- ent during the session of each ward board of regis- tration. elections. sec. . an annual city charter election shall be held on the first monday in april in each year, at such place in each of the several wards of the city as the common council shall designate. sec. . special elections may be appointed by resolution of the common council, to be held in and for the city, or in and for any ward therof, at such time and place, or places, as the common council shall designate; the purpose and object of which shall be fully set forth in the resolution appointing such elec- tion. sec. . whenever a special election is to be held the common council shall cause to be delivered to the inspectors of election in the ward or wards where the same is to be held, a notice signed by the city clerk, specifying the officer or officers to be chosen, and the question or proposition, if any, to be submitted to the vote of the electors, and the day and place at which such election is to be held, and such election shall be conducted in the same manner as the annual charter elections. sec. . notice of the time and place or places of holding any election, and of the officers to be elected, i charter of the and the question to be voted upon, shall, except as herein otherwise provided, be given by the city clerk at least ten days before such election, by posting such notices in three public places in each ward in which the election is to be held, and by publishing a copy thereof in a newspaper published in the city, the same length of time before the election; and in case of a special election the notice shall set forth the purpose and object of the election as fully as the same are re- quired to be set forth in the resolution appointing such election: provided, that if any election of offi- cers under the act shall not be held on the day when it ought to have been held, the said corporation shall not be dissolved, but it shall be lawful to hold such election at any time thereafter, public notice being given as provided in this act. sec. . the common council shall provide and cause to be kept by the city clerk, for use at all elec- tions, suitable ballot boxes of the kind required by law to be kept and used in townships. sec. .* at all charter elections, the polls shall be open in each ward at the several places designated by the common council at seven o'clock in the morning and shall be kept open until five o'clock in the after- noon, at which hour they shall be finally closed. the inspectors of election shall cause proclamation to be made of the opening and closing of the polls. sec. . the supervisor and two aldermen of each ward shall, except as herein otherwise provided, be the inspectors of election. when any ward shall have been divided into precincts, the common council shall appoint, on the nomination of the mayor, such addi- tional inspectors of election as shall be necessary to constitute a board of three inspectors for each of said * as amended march , . city of ann arbor precincts; and if at any election any of the inspectors shall not be present or remain in attendance, the elec- tors present may choose viva voce such number of such electors, as with the inspector or inspectors pres- ent, shall constitute a board of three in number, and each such elector so chosen shall be inspector of that election. sec. . the supervisor, if present, shall be chair- man of the board, and in his absence the inspectors shall appoint one of their number chairman; and said inspectors shall appoint two electors to be clerks. the inspectors chosen and clerks appointed shall take the constitutional oath of office, which oath may be ad- ministered by either of the inspectors, or by a justice of the peace or notary public. sec. . all elections held under the provisions of this act shall be conducted as nearly as may be-in the manner provided by law for holding general elections in this state, except as herein otherwise provided; and the inspectors of such elections shall have the same power and authority for the preservation of or- der and for enforcing obedience to their lawful com- mands during the time of holding the election and the canvass of the votes as are conferred by the law upon inspectors of general elections held in this state. sec. . the electors shall vote by ballot, and the same ballot shall contain the names of the persons designated as officers for the city and as officers for the ward. the ballots cast upon any question or prop- osition submitted to be voted upon, shall be separate and be deposited in a separate box. sec. . if at any election vacancies are to be supplied in any office, or if any person is to be elected for less than a full term of office, the term for which any person is so voted, shall be designated on the ballot. i charter of the sec. . it shall be the duty of the inspectors ou receiving the vote, as specified in the last two sections, to cause the same, without being opened or inspected, to be deposited in the proper box provided for that purpose. the clerks shall also write the names of the electors voting at such elections, in the poll lists to be kept by them. and such lists shall be so kept as to show the number and the names of the electors voting upon any question or proposition submitted to the vote of [the] electors. sec. . immediately after closing the polls, the inspectors of election shall without adjourning, pub- licly canvass the votes received by them, and declare the result; and shall, on the same day or on the next day, make a statement in writing, setting forth in words at full length the whole number of votes given for each office, the names of persons for whom such votes for each office were given, and the number of votes so given for each person; the-whole number of votes given upon each question voted upon, and the number of votes given for and against the same, which state- ment shall be certified under the hands of the inspec- tors to be correct; and they shall deposit such state- ment and certificate on the day of election, or on the next day, together with such poll lists, the register of electors and the boxes containing said ballots, in the office of the city clerk. sec. . the manner of canvassing said votes shall be the same as prescribed by law for canvassing votes at the general elections held in this state, and the inspectors shall in all other respects, except as herein otherwise provided, conform as nearly as may be to the duties required of inspectors of election at such general elections. sec. . the common council shall convene on the thursday next succeeding each election, at their usual v». • .-m.j. pu'k iuti ith?' i;.»u, a(l <>. i~i.^»i^m „.'m |ivpv ot.v *»^p" .m: u. ]»iimi•uui j» #umk - *. *n ^ai-.i-.h. at}. |..um'- minnu•.. « sua,. ..j,. atj - —tj; - »r. ivuniua.: *; -tt, i an. -miv. -ja":.* aj. . n:-j::a ,»»►:• t»' ,»-jt "v" ." r"' •' ••, k *• <- "'.•rzi-'»- uuiuiu-.r:-^»!. fi- t.-;.p.•.-.tii.i^ ^ tin. :-ii***z arj, »_r. *. »jjuv. *x.rw a:.. ^«tt. < a.;v arj. "itit- j- '.ri^- wg)- yajtt.- »». »!'•• '.*•»»- lmj^iw•i i •* "ish- uc-ra^ -nu»»»aa n.ib^%m«l -a, 'k, v aimmajar thuaa- -t?v x iwmi -wan. tnjijaax. an. " tjuh' t; iiii'» tj.rnnu.i -a'.;. -»*hu. >• • jainm;. tki.«»- m nilitr mjri':iras-'-jmhi: . rtai. - n»*«haj a- w:ijp _inr j:. -aaiurj *n tings- ajas; iir. »aajp una- i>ij-w- j^ir. .oaa niir. tcotiefr. a. ttth- aajd''j ah . j -;~t»j-j- . '. j** to . . • «ajp -ail- x yv»j_ a m- jar> a~. irn jichiohk .\ - joudu a*.. . sj^i • ac. • aajp . ar x; ap -tbh- a ^asspuaa- ..ain^-. j an' •jiiin^i..«ath»i. »-..iui tei-ri* an p' -vv«i-i rtii n- «t~ mn . ana.. dtt"d >q:: l»aa'j-•^h^a^^ -<»»viu . j . n»i»«ai) • ,a.it' tjoq: thg^si- ax~ mass.^ at .tsrrrvw- •wcimmcjraia-" nan - jsj -ar. 't»^. aaw<) -.»,- . .nmtr vaiotiiiii • mt-tman'- hhci ttbii-tbbj- ■ ar tbwuv-jat. nr: «^np > w a* »•. aii. < witw.i i»n.- bi.k-a* .an • «i - mm - bh.\ ubi ,»•»rt:. wv.. mcw»mua tut tji »:i*au ^-w - tjooi tki- --v*-' ar j 'jtwii.. ar. annaaaja • nn • nussnxa . aamc i charter of the sec. . it shall be the duty of the inspectors ou receiving the vote, as specified in the last two sections, to cause the same, without being opened or inspected, to be deposited in the proper box provided for that purpose. the clerks shall also write the names of the electors voting at such elections, in the poll lists to be kept by them. and such lists shall be so kept as to show the number and the names of the electors voting upon any question or proposition submitted to the vote of [the] electors. sec. . immediately after closing the polls, the inspectors of election shall without adjourning, pub- licly canvass the votes received by them, and declare the result; and shall, on the same day or on the next day, make a statement in writing, setting forth in words at full length the whole number of votes given for each office, the names of persons for whom such votes for each office were given, and the number of votes so given for each person; the*whole number of votes given upon each question voted upon, and the number of votes given for and against the same, which state- ment shall be certified under the hands of the inspec- tors to be correct; and they shall deposit such state- ment and certificate on the day of election, or on the next day, together with such poll lists, the register of electors and the boxes containing said ballots, in the office of the city clerk. sec. . the manner of canvassing said votes shall be the same as prescribed by law for canvassing votes at the general elections held in this state, and the inspectors shall in all other respects, except as herein otherwise provided, conform as nearly as may be to the duties required of inspectors of election at such general elections. sec. . the common council shall convene on the thursday next succeeding each election, at their usual city of ann arbor / place of meeting, and determine the result of the elec- tion upon each question and proposition voted upon, and what persons are duly elected at said election to the several offices respectively; and thereupon the city clerk shall make duplicate certificates, under the cor- porate seal of the city, of such determination, showing the result of the election upon any question or propo- sition voted upon, and what persons are declared elect- ed to the several offices respectively, one of which certificates he shall file in the office of the clerk of the county of washtenaw and the other shall be filed in the office of the city clerk. sec. . the person receiving the greatest num- ber of votes for any city or ward office shall be deemed to have been duly elected to such office, and if there shall be no choice for any office by reason of two or more candidates having received an equal number of votes, the common council shall at the meeting men- tioned in the preceding section determine by lot be- tween such persons, which shall be considered election to such office. sec. . it shall be the duty of the city clerk, within five days after the meeting and determination of the common council, as provided in section [ ], to notify each person elected, in writing, of his elec- tion, and he shall also, within five days after the com- mon council shall appoint any person to any office, in like manner notify such person of such appoint- ment. sec. . within one week after the expiration of the time in which any official bond or oath of office is required to be filed, the city clerk shall report in writing to the common council the names of the per- sons elected or appointed to any office who shall have neglected to file such oath and bond or security for the performance of the duties of the office. i charter of the officers. sec. . the following city officers, viz.: a mayor, president of the common council, city clerk, two jus tices of the peace and an assessor shall be elected by the qualified voters of the whole city, and a supervis- or, two aldermen and a constable shall be elected in each ward. sec. .* the following officers shall be appointed by the mayor, subject to the approval of a majority of the members-elect from the common council, viz.: a city treasurer, a city attorney, members of the board of public works, members of the board of fire commis sioners and members of the board of health. the com- mon council may also, from time to time provide by ordinance for the appointment, and appoint for such term as may be provided in any such ordinance, such other officers whose election or appointment is not herein specially provided for, as the common council shall deem necessary for the execution of the powers granted by this act, and may remove the same at pleas- ure. the powers and duties of all such officers shall be prescribed by ordinance. sec. . appointments to office by the mayor, ex- cept appointments to fill vacancies, shall, unless oth- erwise provided, be made on the first monday in may in each year; but appointments which for any cause shall not be made on this day may be made at any subsequent regular meeting of the common council. sec. .* the mayor, president of the common council, city clerk, assessor and aldermen shall hold their offices for the term of two years from the second monday in april in the year when elected, and until their successors are elected and qualified: provided, that in said seventh ward created by this act, there shall be elected at the first charter election held after as amended march , . city of ann arbor the passage of this act, two aldermen, one for the term of one year and one for the term of two years from the second monday in april of the year when elected, and until their successors are elected and qualified. the term of each shall be designated by the ballots cast for him, and each year thereafter one alderman shall be elected in said ward. sec. .* the supervisors and constable shall hold their offices for the term of one year from the second monday in april of the year when elected, and until their successors qualify and euter upon the duties of their offices. the justices of the peace shall be elected for the term of four years from the fourth day of july next after their election, one to be elected each alternate year. sec. . all other officers, except as hereinafter provided, appointed by the mayor and common coun- cil or boards of the «ity, except officers appointed to fill vacancies in elective offices, shall hold their re- spective offices until the first monday in may next after such appointment and until their successors are qualified and enter upon the duties of their office, un- less a different term of office shall be provided in this act or by an ordinance duly enacted. qualifications, oath, official bond. sec. . no person shall be elected or appointed to any office, unless he be an elector of said city, and if elected or appointed for a ward, he must be an elector thereof; and no person shall be elected or ap- pointed to any office in the city who has been or is a defaulter to the city or any board of officers thereof, or to any school district, county or other municipal corporation of the state. all votes for, or any ap- pointment of, any such defaulter shall be void. * as amended march , . charter of the sec. . justices of the peace elected in said city shall take and file an oath of office with the county clerk, of the county of washtenaw, within the same time and in the same manner as in the cases of jus- tices of the peace elected in townships. all other offi- cers elected or appointed in the city, shall, within ten days after receiving notice of their election or ap- pointment, take and subscribe the oath of office pre- scribed by the constitution of the state, and file the same with the city clerk. sec. . officers elected or appointed, except jus tices of the peace, before entering upon the duties of their offices and within the time prescribed for the filing of their official oaths, shall file with the city -clerk such a bond or security as may be required by law or by any ordinance or requirement of the com- mon council, and with such sureties, who shall justify in writing and under oath, as required by the laws of this state, as shall be approved by the common council for the due performance of the duties of their office, except that the bond or security of the city clerk shall be deposited with the city treasurer. sec. . the common council may also, at any time, require any officer, whether elected, or appoint- ed, to execute and file with the city clerk new official bonds in the same or in such further sums, and with new or with such further sureties as said common council may deem requisite for the interest of the cor- poration. any failure to comply with such require- ments shall subject the officer to immediate removal by the common council. vacancies in office. sec. . resignation of officers shall be made to the council, subject to their approval and acceptance sec. . if any officer shall cease to be a resident city of ann abbor of the city, or if elected in and for a ward, shall re- move therefrom during his term of office, the office shall thereby be vacated. if any officer shall be a de- faulter, the office shall thereby be vacated. sec. . if any person elected or appointed to office shall fail to take and file the oath of office, or shall fail to give the bond or security required for the due performance of the duties of his office within the time herein limited therefor, the common council may declare the office vacant, unless previous thereto he shall file the oath and give the requisite bond or security. sec. . a vacancy in the office of mayor, presi- dent of the council, justice of the peace or aldermen, occurring more than ninety days preceding annual election, may be filled at a special election on the or- der of the common council. a vacancy in the office of justice of the peace or alderman, occurring within ninety days preceding an annual election, shall be filled at such annual election. a vacancy occurring in the office of the city clerk may be filled by appoint- ment by the mayor, confirmed by a majority of the members elect of the common council, unless said offi- cer has more than one year to serve at the time such vacancy shall occur, in which case it shall be filled at the next ensuing election, and the mayor, with the consent of the council, shall appoint a city clerk to act until such election: provided, that vacancies oc- curring within ninety days preceding any state elec- tion may be filled thereat; vacancies in other offices shall be filled by the mayor, subject to the approval of a majority of the members elect of the common coun- cil. sec. . the resignation or removal of any officer shall not, nor shall the appointment or election of an- other to the office, exonerate such officer or his sure- ties from any liabilities incurred by him or them. charter of the sec. . whenever an officer shall resign or be removed from office, or the term for which he shall have been elected or appointed shall expire, he shall, on demand, deliver over to his successor in office all the books, papers, moneys and effects in his custody as such officer, and in any way appertaining to his office; and every person violating this provision shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and may be pro- ceeded against in the same manner as public officers generally, for a like offense, under the general laws of the state, now or hereafter in force and applicable thereto; and every officer appointed or elected under this act shall be deemed an officer within the meaning and provision of such general laws of the state. duties of officers—the mayor. sec. . the mayor shall be the chief executive officer of the city, and shall from time to time give to the common council information, in writing, con- cerning the affairs of the corporation ,and recommend such measures as he may deem expedient. it shall be his duty to exercise supervision over the several departments of the city government, and to see that the laws relating to the city and the ordinance and regulations of the common council are enforced. sec. . the mayor shall be a conservator of the peace, and may exercise within the city the powers conferred upon sheriffs to suppress disorder, and shall have authority to command the assistance of all able- bodied citizens to aid in the enforcement of city ordi- nances or laws of the state, and to suppress riot and disorderly conduct. sec. . the mayor shall have authority at all times to examine and inspect the books, records and papers of any agent, employe or officer of the city, and shall perform generally all such duties as are or may be prescribed by the ordinances of the city. city of ann arbor sec. . in the absence or disability of the mayor, or in case of any vacancy in his office, the president of the common council shall perform the duties of the mayor. aldermen. sec. . the aldermen of the city shall be mem- bers of the common council, attend all the meetings thereof, and act upon committees when thereunto ap- pointed by the president of the council. as conserva tors of the peace they shall aid in maintaining quiet and good order in the city, and in securing the faith- ful performance of duty by all officers of the city. city clerk. sec. . the city clerk shall keep the corporate seal and all the documents, official bonds, papers, files and records of the city, not by this act or by the ordinances of the city entrusted to some other officer; he shall be clerk of the common council, shall attend its meetings, record all its proceedings, ordinances and resolutions, and shall countersign and register all licenses granted, and report the same with the amount thereof to the common council monthly; he shall, when required, make and certify, under seal of the city, copies of the papers and records filed and kept in his office, and such copies shall be evidence in all places of the matters therein contained to the same extent as the original would be. he shall possess and exercise the powers and duties of township clerk so far as the same are required to be performed within the city, and shall have authority to administer oaths and affirmations. he shall be entitled to a fee of fifty cents for each and every license issued by him, to be paid by the person obtaining the same. the city clerk may, subject to the approval of the common council, appoint a deputy, and such deputy may per- form any and all the duties of such clerk: prodded, - charter of the that said deputy shall receive no compensation from the city. sec. .* the city clerk shall, in addition to his duties as clerk, exercise the powers and functions of a city comptroller. he shall sign all cemetery deeds and orders upon the treasury. he shall countersign all bonds and all evidences of debt and transfer of property which the common council is authorized to make, pledging the faith of said city. he shall re- ceive all accounts and demands against the city, shall examine them in detail, audit or allow them or such part thereof as to the correctness of which he has no doubt and which the claimant is willing to accept in full discharge thereof, file and number them as vouchers with the date thereof, and report his find- ings to the finance committee of the common council, who shall review such report and transmit the same to the common council with its recommendation as to the allowance or disallowance of such claims or any of them, and no claim so audited shall be binding against the city until approved by a vote of the com- mon council, and when such claim is allowed by the common council, the city clerk shall draw his war- rant upon the city treasurer for the payment thereof, designating thereon the fund from which the payment is to be made, but no warrant shall be drawn on any fund after the same has been ex- hausted and any warrant so drawn shall be void. when any tax or money shall be levied, raised or appropriated, he shall report the amount thereof to the city treasurer, stating the object and fund for which it is levied, raised or appropriated and the amount thereof to be credited to each fund. the city clerk shall sign all contracts and agreements on be- half of the city except as otherwise in this act pro- vided and subject to the orders of the common coun- * as amended june , . city of ann arbor cil. he shall make all purchases of materials, tools, books, stationery, apparatus and property for the city or its officers not otherwise provided for herein or ordered by the common council. he shall keep a record of all officers and employes of the city and certify to the pay rolls and wages of all such officers and persons to the common council. he shall be charged, under the supervision of the common council, with the leasing, repairs, insurance and general su- pervision of the property of the city, and for his in- formation may require reports from all officers and persons having any city property in charge or pos- session or having supervision of city employes, and make report of the same when required by the com- mon council. he shall keep a complete set of books exhibiting the condition of the city in its various de- partments and funds, its resources and liabilities, with proper classification thereof of each fund or appro- priation for any distinct object of expenditure or class of expenditures. whenever any such fund or appropriation has been exhausted by warrants al- ready drawn thereon or by appropriations, liabilities, debts or expenses actually incurred or contracted for, no further warrants shall be drawn by the city clerk against such fund or appropriation until another ap- propriation shall be made. whenever any appropria- tion is made from any fund in excess of the balance remaining in such fund after previous appropriations have been deducted therefrom and after the fixed sala- ries or charges thereon to be paid from said fund are deducted therefrom, he shall notify the official or offi- cials charged with the expenditure of such appro- priation of the amount of money available for such appropriation or of the fact that no money remains in the fund available for the appropriation, and after such notification no expenditures shall be made under such appropriation in excess of the amount so re ported by the city clerk as available. the city clerk charter of the shall report in writing to the common council at its first meeting thereafter the reasons for such notifi- cation together with such recommendations as he sees fit. the council may provide funds for the ap- propriation if it sees fit, in any manner permitted by the charter or by cutting down any unexpended ap- propriation and returning the same to the credit of the fund from which it is drawn. if the comptroller shall attempt to cut down or render nugatory any ap- propriation which does not violate any provision of the charter, he may be mandamused by order of the council on application to the circuit court. he shall, when required, or when he sees fit, make report to the council as to the liabilities and resources of the city with estimates of funds needed for current ex- penses and recommendations relating thereto, and he shall make an annual report showing in detail the financial transactions of the city for the fiscal year. sec. . the city clerk shall keep himself thor- oughly acquainted, and make himself conversant with the doings of all officers charged in any manner with the receipt, collection and disbursement of the city revenues, and shall have general supervision over all the property and assets of the city; he shall have charge of all books, vouchers and documents relating to the accounts, contracts, debts and revenues of the corporation; he shall countersign and register all bonds issued, and keep a list of all property and ef- fects belonging to the city, and of all its debts and liabilities; he shall keep a complete set of books, ex- hibiting the financial condition of the corporation in all its departments, funds, resources and liabilities, with a proper classification thereof, and showing the purpose for which each fund was raised; he shall also keep an account with the treasurer, in which he shall charge him with all moneys received for each of the several funds of the city, and credit him with all the city of ann arbor warrants drawn thereon, keeping a separate account with each fund; when any fund has been exhausted, he shall immediately advise the common council there- of; the city clerk shall be the clerk of the board of public works and all other boards, the clerk of all standing and special committees of the common coun- cil, and the clerk of all the boards of the city that may from this time be established. he shall render to the common council on the first monday of every month, and oftener if required, a report of the amount of all orders drawn since the last preceding report, what orders remain outstanding and unpaid, and the balance remaining to the credit of each fund. sec. the city clerk shall report to the com- mon council whenever required a detailed statement of the receipts, expenditures and financial condition of the city, of the debts to be paid and moneys required to meet the estimated expenses of the corporation, and shall perform such other duties pertaining to his office as the common council may require. the clerk shall be the sealer of weights and measures for the said city, and shall perform all the duties of township clerk relative thereto. sec. . the common council shall provide and fit up an office for the city clerk, and establish office hours during which said clerk shall be required to be at his office. justices of the peace. sec. .* the justices of the peace.in said city exercising civil jurisdiction shall be deemed justices of the peace of washtenaw county, and shall have all the powers and jurisdiction given by the general laws of the state in relation to civil and criminal cases before justices of the peace in townships, and appeals from their judgments and convictions may be made to the circuit court for the county of avashtenaw in as amended march , . charter of the the same manner as appeals from justices' judgment and convictions in towns are made: provided, that all actions within the jurisdiction of justices of the peace of the peace may be commenced and prosecuted in said justices' court when the plaintiff or defendant or one of the plaintiffs or defendants reside in the city of ann arbor, in the township of ann arbor, in any township next adjoining the township of ann arbor, or in any city or village formed from any town- ship next adjoining the township of ann arbor: pro- vided, that the township of ypsilariti shall be deemed to be a township adjoining the township of ann ar- bor within the meaning of this act. sec. . any justice of the peace residing in said city of ann arbor, shall have full power and author- ity, and it is hereby made the duty of such justice, upon complaint to him in writing, to inquire into and hear, try and determine all offenses which shall be committed within said city against any of the by-laws or ordinances which shall be made by the common council in pursuance of the powers granted by this act, and to punish the offenders as by said by-laws or ordinances shall be prescribed or directed, to award all process, and take recognizance for the keeping of the peace, for the appearance of the person charged, and upon appeal, and to commit to prison as occasion may require. in case there shall be at any time in said city, from any cause, no qualified justice of the peace, suits for violation of any of the city ordinances may be brought before one of the justices of the peace of the township of ann arbor. the assessor. sec. . the assessor shall annually estimate the value of all the taxable real and personal property in the city, and make the several ward assessment rolls at the time and in the manner as hereinafter in city of ann arbor this act provided; he shall spread upon said rolls any and all taxes duly certified to him by order of the common council, by the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw, or by other proper authority; and his warrant attached to said rolls, directing the collection of the taxes so levied and spread thereon, shall have the same power and effect as the warrant of a supervisor made in accordance with the state law. supervisors. sec. . the supervisors of the several wards shall have the like powers and perform the like duties as supervisors of townships, except as herein other- wise provided; they shall represent their several wards in the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw, and shall have all the rights, privileges and powers of the several members of such board. constables. sec. . the constables shall have the like powers and authority in matters of civil and criminal nature, and in relation to the service of all manner of civil and criminal process, as are conferred by law upon constables in townships, and shall receive the like fees for their services, and be subject to like liabilities for any neglect of duty imposed by general law upon constables in townships. they shall have power also to serve all process issued for breaches of the ordi- nances of the city. they shall obey all lawful orders of the mayor, aldermen, and chief of police, and of any court or justice of the peace exercising jurisdic- tion in causes for breaches of the ordinances of the city; and shall discharge all duties required of them by any ordinance, resolution or regulation of the com- mon council, and for any neglect or refusal to perform any duty required of him, every constable shall be subject to removal from office by a vote of the com- mon council. ° charter of the chief of police. sec. . the mayor shall appoint a city marshal, who shall be the chief of police of the city and shall be subject to the direction of the mayor. it shall be his duty to see that all the ordinances and regulations of the common council made for the preservation of quiet and good order, and for the safety and protec- tion of the inhabitants of the city, are promptly en- forced, and when he shall know or learn of the viola- tions of any ordinance of the city or penal statute of the state, it shall be his duty to enter complaint be- fore one of the justices of the peace of the said city and to do whatever shall be necessary to bring the offender to justice. he shall have the same power to serve and execute all process issued by any justice of the peace of said city in behalf of said city, or of the people of the state, for offences committed within said city as sheriffs or constables have by law to serve and execute similar process, and shall suppress all riots, disturbances and breaches of the peace, and for that purpose may command the aid of all citizens in the performance of such duty. he shall arrest all disor- derly persons in the city, and pursue and arrest any person fleeing from justice in any part of the state. he may arrest upon view, and with or without pro- cess, any person found in the act of committing any offence against the laws of the state or the ordinances of the city, and forthwith take such person before the proper magistrate or court for examination or trial. the mayor shall appoint such numbers of policemen or nightwatchmen as the common council may deem necessary for the good government of the city and for the protection of the persons and property of the in- habitants thereof, and may appoint such special po- licemen from time to time as the common council may authorize, when in his judgment the emergency or necessity may so require, and may provide for and city of ann arbor appoint subordinate officers for the police and night- watchmen. sec. . the marshal shall report, in writing and on oath, to the common council at their first meeting in each month, all arrests made by him and the cause thereof, and all persons discharged from arrest during the month; also, the number remaining in confinement for breaches of the ordinances of the city; and the amount of all fines and fees collected by him. all money collected or received by the marshal, for fines, fees or for any services performed by him in any offi- cial capacity, unless otherwise directed by this act, shall be paid into the city treasury during the same month when received, and the treasurer's receipt therefor shall be filed with the city clerk. sec. . the marshal shall not leave the city with out the consent of the mayor except in pursuit of fugitives from justice or for the arrest of persons charged with a violation of the city ordinances. in the absence of the marshal or his inability to serve, the mayor may designate any policeman or constable to perform his duties. city treasurer. sec. . the city treasurer shall have the custody of all moneys, bonds, mortgages, notes, and evidences of value belonging to the city. he shall receive all moneys belonging to and receivable by the corpora- tion, and keep an account of all receipts and expen- ditures thereof. he shall pay no money out of the treasury except in pursuance of and by the authority of law, and upon warrants signed by the city clerk and countersigned by the mayor, or for school pur- poses by the proper officers, which shall specify the purpose for which the amounts thereof are to be paid. he shall keep an accurate account of, and be charged with all taxes and moneys appropriated, raised, or charter of the received for each fund of the city, and shall keep a separate account of each fund and credit thereto all moneys raised, paid in or appropriated therefor, and shall pay every warrant out of the particu- lar fund constituted or raised for the purpose for which the warrant was issued, and having the name of such fund, the name of the payee, and the time of maturity indorsed thereon by the city clerk. he shall cancel such warrants when paid, and shall collect all taxes levied or assessed in the city. for the purpose of the collection and return of all taxes, and the re- turn of property delinquent for the non-payment of taxes, and for the purpose of suits for the collection of taxes, the said treasurer, on giving the bonds or surety so required by the charter or any law of the state, shall possess all the powers and perform all the duties of the several township treasurers of this state, as prescribed by law, and shall also perform such other duties, respecting the collection and return of taxes, as this act imposes. sec. . the treasurer shall render to the city clerk on the first monday of every month, and oftener if required, a report of the amounts received and cred- ited by him to each fund, and on what account re- ceived; the amounts paid out by him from each fund during the preceding month, and the amount of mon- ey remaining in each fund on the day of his report; such report shall be accompanied with a certificate from the cashier of the bank in which the moneys of the city may be deposited, showing the amount of money in the bank to the credit of the city on the day on which the treasurer's report is made. he shall also exhibit to the common council annually, on the first monday in march, and as often and for such period as the common council shall require, a full and detailed account of the receipts and disbursements of the treasury since the date of his last annual re- city of ann abbor port, classifying them by the funds to which receipts are credited and out of which such disbursements are made, and the balance remaining in each fund, which account shall be filed in the office of the city clerk, and shall be published in one or more of the newspa- pers of the city. he shall file all vouchers or warrants paid by him with the city clerk with his monthly re- port. sec. . the city treasurer shall keep all moneys in his hands belonging to the city and to the public schools separate and distinct from his own moneys; and he is hereby prohibited from using, either direct- ly or indirectly, the corporation moneys, warrants, or evidences of debt, or any of the school or library funds in his custody or keeping, for his own use or benefit, or that of any other person. any violation of this section shall subject him to immediate removal from office by the common council, who are hereby auth- orized to declare the office vacant, and to appoint his successor, on the nomination of the mayor, for the re- mainder of the term. sec. . the common council may, in its discre- tion, contract with any bank or banks in said city, incorporated under any law of the state, or united states, for the safe keeping of any moneys belonging to said city, and for the payment by such bank or banks of interest thereon, at a rate not exceeding that established by law, which interest shall be credited by the treasurer to the contingent fund of said city. the common council may prescribe the conditions rel ative to the making of such contract, and the securi- ties to be given by any bank or banks for the moneys so deposited: provided, that neither the city treas- urer nor his bail shall be held responsible for any moneys deposited in any bank or banks pursuant to the terms of any contract made as in this section authorized. charter of the city attorney. sec. . the city attorney shall be an attorney and counsellor at law, in good standing, and qualified to practice in all the courts of the state. he shall, on application of the common council or any officer of the city, furnish advice relative to all matters of law, relative to their duties, appear in behalf of the city and of all public boards thereof, in all suits, and per- form such other legal duties as may be required by the mayor or the common council. he shall attend all meetings of the common council. compensation of officers. sec. .* the officers of said corporation shall be entitled to receive out of the city treasury the follow- ing sums in full payment of their services: the may- or shall be paid one dollar per annum; the city clerk shall receive one thousand five hundred dollars per annum and he shall be allowed five hundred dollars per annum for clerk hire; the city attorney shall be entitled to receive such sum as the common council shall allow not exceeding six hundred dollars per an- num, which shall be in full for all services ren- dered in suits and proceedings in courts of rec- ord; the common council may allow in addition to the salary aforesaid for such services such addi- tional compensation as the common council shall deem just, not exceeding four hundred dollars per annum. the treasurer shall receive as full compensation for his services the sum of twelve hundred dollars per annum and an additional allowance of one hundred dollars which shall be in full for his services as well as the services of the deputy, or clerk hire, or other assistance required in the performance of the duties of his office; said treasurer shall keep an exact account of all fees allowed by law, the collection of which is * as amended june , . city of ann arbor provided for in section one hundred eighty-four of this charter, and it shall be his duty to collect the same and when so collected he shall credit the same to the contingent fund, and he shall likewise account for all fees provided for collecting the taxes to be levied and collected in the said city and credit the same to the contingent fund. the marshal shall be entitled to receive such compensation not exceeding eighty-three and thirty-three one-hundredths dollars per month, as the common council shall allow; the assessor shall receive one thousand five hundred dol- lars per annum; the justices of the peace and the con- stables shall be allowed the same fees as are by law allowed to corresponding township officers; members of the common council shall serve without pay except- ing for services on boards of review, election boards and boards of registration, for which services they shall receive payment of five dollars per day; super- visors and all other officers of said city shall be en- titled to receive such compensation as the common council shall allow, not exceeding two dollars per day for every day actually employed in the performance of the duties of their respective offices: provided, that the common council may increase the compensa- tion of any officer whenever authorized by majority vote of the qualified electors of the said city voting at any annual charter election, ten days' notice hav- ing been given of the proposed increase. the common council. sec. . the legislative authority of the said city of ann arbor shall be vested in a common council, consisting of the president of said council and two aldermen elected frem each ward. sec. .* the president of the common council shall attend and preside at all meetings thereof and * amended the march, . charter of the shall have a vote on all questions. he shall be ex- officio a member of all committees of the common council. he shall have the appointment of all stand- ing and special committees of the council, unless otherwise ordered when such special committee is constituted. he shall have the power and it shall be his duty to preserve order and decorum in the council room during the sessions of the council, and in the discharge of such duty may order any disorderly per- son removed from the council room, and for a second violation of the order by the same person at a single session of the council, the president may order his arrest and imprisonment for a period not exceeding twenty-four hours. in the absence or disability of the president the council shall appoint one of their number to perform his duties, and for the time being shall exercise the powers and discharge the duties of the president. sec. . the city clerk shall be clerk of the com- mon council, but shall have no vote therein. he shall keep a full record of all the proceedings of the com- mon council, and perform such other duties relating to his office as the common council may direct. in the absence of the clerk or his deputy from any ses- sion of the common council the common council shall appoint one of their number to act as clerk during said session. sec. . the common council shall be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its own members. it shall hold regular stated meetings for the transaction of business at such times and places within the city as it shall prescribe, not less than one of which shall be held in each month. the city clerk, by the direction of the mayor or .the president of the common council, or on the written request of three aldermen, shall call special meetings of the council, notice of which, in writing, shall be given to each city of ann arbor member, or be left at his place of residence, at least two hours before the meeting. sec. . all meetings and sessions of the council shall be in public. a majority of the members elect shall make a quorum for the transaction of business; a less number may adjourn from time to time, and may compel the attendance of absent members in such manner as may be prescribed by ordinance; but no office shall be created or abolished, nor any tax or assessment be imposed, street, alley or public ground be vacated, real estate or any interest therein sold or disposed of, or private property be taken for public use, unless by a concurring vote of two-thirds of all the members elect; nor shall any vote of the council be reconsidered or rescinded at a special meeting, unless there be present as many members as were pres- ent when such vote was taken. no money shall be appropriated except by ordinance or resolution of the council; nor shall any resolution be passed or adopted except by a vote of the majority of all the members elect, except as herein otherwise provided. sec. . the council shall prescribe the rules of its own proceedings and keep a record on the journal thereof. all votes of appointments to office and meas- ures incurring expense, and on the adoption of all ordinances, shall be taken by yeas and nays, and be so entered upon the journal as to show the names of those voting in the affirmative and those in the negative. any one member of the council shall have the right to demand the yeas and nay.s on any question, and all votes shall be entered at large on the journal; and within one week after any meeting of the council, all the proceedings and votes taken thereat shall be pub- lished in one or more newspapers of the city. sec. . the council may compel the attendance of its members and other officers of the city at its meetings in such manner, and may enforce such fines » charter of the for non-attendance as may by ordinance be prescribed, and may by ordinance prescribe punishment for any misbehavior, contemptuous or disorderly conduct by any member or any person present at any session of the council. sec. . the city attorney, city marshal and street commissioner shall attend all meetings of the council, and the council may require the attendance of any other city official at any session thereof. sec. . the council shall have control of the finances and of all the property, real and personal, of the city except as may be otherwise provided by law. sec. . whenever by this act or any other pro- visions of law, any power or authority is vested in or duty imposed upon the corporation or council, the council may enact such appropriate ordinances as may be necessary for the execution and exercise of such power and authority and to regulate the per- formance of such duty. sec. . the council may provide for the appoint- ment of standing committees of its members, who shall perform such duties, investigate, have charge of, and report upon such matters as may be properly referred to them. sec. . the council shall cause all records of the corporation, proceedings of the council, and all books, documents, reports, contracts, receipts, vouchers and papers relating to the finances and affairs of the city, or to the official acts of any officer of the corporation (unless required by law to be kept elsewhere), to be deposited and kept in the office of the city clerk, and to be so arranged, filed and kept as to be convenient of access and inspection; and all such records, books and papers shall be subject to inspection by any inhabitant of the city or other person interested therein, at all seasonable times, except such parts thereof as in the opinion of the council it may be city of ann arbor necessary for the furtherance of justice to withhold for the time being. any person who shall secrete, injure, deface, alter or destroy any such books, rec- ords, documents or papers, or expose the same to loss or destruction with intent to prevent the contents or true meaning or import of any thereof from being known, shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by imprisonment in the state prison, not longer than one year, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the dis- cretion of the court. sec. . no member of the common council shall, during the period for which he was elected, be ap- pointed to or be competent to hold any office, the emoluments of which are to be paid from the city treasury or be paid by fees under any act or ordinance of the common council, or be bondsmen or surety on any contract or bond given to said city; but this sec- tion shall not be construed to deprive any member of any emoluments or fees to which he may be entitled by virtue of his office. any member of the council offending against the provisions of this section, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail not less than one nor more than six months, or both, in the discretion of the court, and shall forfeit his office. sec. . the city marshal and any policeman or nightwatchman appointed to office by the mayor, by authority of this act, may be suspended or removed by the mayor, and in case of the suspension or removal of any such officer, the mayor shall present to the common council, at its next regular meeting, his rea- sons for such suspension or removal, in writing, which shall become a part of the records of such meeting. any other officer appointed by the mayor may be sus- pended or removed by him, by and with the consent <> charter of the of the majority of the members elect of the council, and the council may expel any alderman or remove from office any person elected thereto, except justices of the peace, by a concurring vote of two-thirds of all the aldermen elect. in case of elective officers, pro- vision shall be made by ordinance for preferring charges and trying the same, and no removal of any elective officer shall be made unless a charge in writ- ing is preferred, and opportunity given him to -make defence thereto. sec. . to enable the council to investigate charges against any officer, or such other matter as it may deem proper to investigate, the mayor or any jus tice of the peace is empowered, at the request of the council, to issue subpoenas or process by warrant to compel the attendance of persons and the production of books and papers before the council or any com- mittee. sec. . whenever the council, or any committee of the members thereof, are authorized to compel the attendance of witnesses for the investigation of mat- ters which may come before them, the presiding officer of the council or chairman of such committee for the time being, shall have power to administer the neces sary oaths; and such council or committee shall have the same power to compel witnesses to testify as is conferred on courts of justice of the peace. sec. . the council shall audit and allow all accounts chargeable against the city, but no claim not certified to by the city official ordering the work done or the purchase made shall be received for audit or allowance, unless it sh'all be accompanied by an affi- davit of the person presenting it that the services therein charged for have been actually performed, or the goods delivered to the city, that the sums charged are reasonable and just, and that to the best of his knowledge and belief no set-off exists, nor payment city of ann arbor * has been made on account thereof, except such as are endorsed or referred to in such account or claim. and every such account shall exhibit in detail all the items making up the amount claimed and the true date of each: provided, that the claims of members of the board of registration, inspectors and clerks of election, and members of the board of review may be allowed on the certificate of the city clerk. sec. . within twenty-four hours after any ses- sion of the common council, the clerk of said council shall present the proceedings of such session to the mayor, or other person performing the duties of mayor, for his approval, and he may approve the same in whole or in part, or may refuse to approve any order, resolution, paragralm or clause of said pro- ceedings, creating any • office, appropriating any money, ordering any tax or assessment, transferring any money from one fund to another, or allowing any claim. he shall return his disapproval and reasons therefor, in writing, to the clerk of the council within three days, and no provision or order so disapproved shall be of any effect unless repassed by a two-thirds vote of the members elect of said council, within thirty days from the time such disapproval is filed with the clerk: provided], that a unanimous vote of all the members elect shall be necessary to re-pass any dis- approved resolution or order for the transfer of any money from one fund to another. general power of the common council. sec. .* the common council, in addition to the powers and duties specially conferred upon them by this act, shall have the management and control of the finances, rights, interests, buildings and all prop- erty, real and personal, belonging to the city, and make such orders and by-laws relating to the sain; *as amended june , . charter of the as they shall deem proper and necessary; and further, they shall have power, within said city, to enact, make, continue, modify, establish, amend and repeal such ordinances, by-laws and regulations as they may deem desirable, within said city, for the following purposes: first, to prevent vice and immorality, to preserve public peace and good order, to organize, maintain and regulate a police force of the city, to prevent and quell riots, disturbances and disorderly assemblages, to prevent the violation of the sabbath and the dis- turbance of any religious congregation, or any other public meeting assembled for any lawful purpose. to license newsboys, prohibit the sale of indecent and obscene newspapers, or other indecent or obscene publications, and authorize the seizure and destruc- tion of the same; second, to restrain and prevent disorderly and gaming houses and houses of ill-fame, and to seize and destroy all instruments and devices used for gaming, and to prohibit all mock auctions, gaming and fraudu- lent practices and devices and to regulate and restrain billiard tables and bowling alleys; third, to forbid and prevent the vending or other dispositionof liquors and intoxicating drinks in viola- tion of the laws of this state, and to forbid the selling or giving to be drank any intoxicating or fermented liquors to any common drunkard, or to any child or young person, and to prohibit, restrain and regulate the sale of all goods, wares, and personal property at auction, except in cases of sales authorized by law, and to fix the fees to be paid by and to auctioneers: provided, that no person shall keep a saloon or other place except a drug store, where any spirituous, malt, brewed, fermented, vinous or intoxicating liquors are sold, or kept for sale, at wholesale, or at retail, in all that part of the city of ann arbor lying south and city of ann arbor east of the following described line: beginning on fuller street at the city limits of said city and running thence westerly along fuller street to detroit street; thence southwesterly along detroit street to division street, thence south on division street and division street as extended south to the city limits south of said city of ann arbor; fourth, to prohibit, restrain and regulate all sports, exhibitions of natural or artificial curiosities, caravans of animals, theatrical exhibitions, circuses, or other public performances and exhibitions for money, except exhibitions of agricultural, educational or religious societies or associations, or local musical societies; fifth, to abate or remove nuisances of every kind, and to compel the owner or occupant of any grocery, tallow-chandler shop, butcher's stall, slaughter house, glue, starch or soap factory, establishment for ren- dering tallow, lard or oil, and all establishments where any nauseous, offensive, or unwholesome busi- ness may be carried on, blacksmiths', coopers', cabinet makers', carpenters', and joiners' shops, and all build- ings, business and establishments of any kind usually classed as extra hazardous in respect to fire; tannery and stable, privy, hog-pen, sewer, or any other offen- sive or unwholesome house or place, to cleanse, remove or abate the same from time to time, as often as the health, comfort and convenience or safety of the in- habitants of said city may require; sixth, to direct the location of all slaughter- houses, markets, stables and buildings for storing gun- powder or other combustibles or explosive substances; seventh, to regulate the buying, carrying, selling and using of gunpowder, fire crackers or fireworks manufactured or prepared therefrom, and other com- bustible materials, and the exhibitions of fireworks, and the discharge of firearms, and lights in barns, charter of the stables and other buildings, and to restrain the mak- ing of bonfires in streets and yards; eighth, to prevent the encumbering of streets, sidewalks, cross-walks, lanes, alleys, bridges or aque- ducts, drains or ditches, in any manner whatever; xinth, to prevent and punish horse racing and immoderate driving or riding in any street, or over any bridge, and to authorize the stopping and detain- ing of any person who shall be guilty of immoderate driving or riding in any street or over any bridge in said city; tenth, to determine and designate the routes and grades of any railroad coming into or passing through said city, and to restrain and regulate the use of loco motives, engines and cars upon any railroad within the city; eleventh, to prohibit or regulate bathing in any public water, or in any open or conspicuous place, or any indecent exposure of the person in the city; twelfth, to arrest and punish drunkards and per- sons found drunk in the streets, lanes, alleys or public places of said city, disorderly persons, vagrants, com- mon prostitutes, street walkers, mendicants, street beggars and persons soliciting alms and subscriptions for any purposes whatever; thirteenth, to establish and regulate one or more pounds, and to restrain and regulate the running at large of horses, cattle, swine and other animals, geese and poultry, and to authorize the impounding and sale of the same for the peualty incurred and the cost of keeping and impounding; fourteenth, to prevent and regulate the running at large of dogs, and to impose taxes on the owners of dogs, and to prevent dog fights in the city; fifteenth, to prohibit any person from bringing or depositing within the limits of said city any dead carcasses or other unwholesome or offensive sub- city of ann arbor stances, and to require the removal or destruction thereof; and if any person shall have on his premises such substances or any putrid meats, fish, hides or skins of any kind, and shall neglect or refuse to re- move the same when ordered, to authorize the removal or destruction thereof, as a public nuisance, by some officer of the city; sixteenth, to compel all persons to keep sidewalks in front of premises owned or occupied by them, clear from.snow, ice, dirt, wood or other obstruction; seventeenth, to regulate the ringing of bells and crying of goods and other commodities for sale at auction or otherwise, and to prevent disturbing noises in the streets; eighteenth, to appoint and prescribe the powers and duties of watchmen, and the fines and penalties for their delinquencies; nineteenth, to prohibit, restrain or regulate with- in such parts of the city as they may deem expedient, and prescribe the building, rebuilding, enlarging, re- pairing or placing of wooden buildings therein; to regulate and establish the line upon which buildings may be erected upon any street, lane or alley in said city, and to compel such buildings to be erected upon such line, by fine upon the owner or builder thereof, not to exceed five hundred dollars; twentieth, to provide for obtaining, holding, regulating and managing burial grounds, within or without the city, when established for the benefit thereof; and to regulate the burial of the dead, and to compel the keeping and return of bills of mortality; twenty-first, to establish order and regulate mar- ket places, to regulate the vending of wood, hay, meat, vegetables, fruits, fish and provisions of all kinds, and prescribe the time and place of selling the same, and the fees to be paid by butchers for license; to prohibit the sale of unwholesome meat, poultry, fish, vegetables charter of the or other articles of food or provisions; impure, spur- ious or adulterated wine, spirituous liquors or beer, or knowingly keeping or offering the same for sale; and to provide for and regulate the inspection of ani- mals used for food, and the slaughter of the same: provided, that nothing herein contained shall author- ize the common council to restrict in any way the sale of fresh and wholesome meats by the quarter within the limits of the city; twenty-second, to establish, regulate and pre- serve public reservoirs, wells, penstocks and pumps, and to prevent the waste of water; and to authorize and employ, under such regulations and upon such terms and conditions as they may choose, the laying of water pipes in the streets and alleys of the city, for the purpose of supplying the inhabitants of said city with water; and to grant such exclusive privileges as they may deem expedient to any company organized to supply said city and its. inhabitants with water; and to contract with such company to supply the city with water for fire and other public purposes; twenty-third, to regulate sextons and under- takers for burying the dead, cartmen and their carts, hackney carriages and their drivers, omnibuses and their drivers, scavengers, porters and chimney sweeps, and their fees and compensation; and to make regula- tions for preventing auctions, peddling, pawn-broker- age, or using for hire carts, drays, cabs, hacks or any kind of carriage or vehicle, or opening or keeping any tavern, hotel, victualing house, saloon or other houses or place for furnishing meals, food or drink, or billiard tables or ball alleys, without first obtaining from the common council license therefor; for licensing and regulating carts, drays, cabs, hacks, and all carriages or vehicles kept or used for hire; for licensing and regulating auctioneers, peddlers, pawnbrokers, junk dealers, dealers in second-hand goods and merchan- dise, and transient tradesmen, auctions, peddling, city op ann arbor pawnbrokerage, taverns, hotels, victualing houses, restaurants, saloons, or other houses for furnishing meals, food or drink, and keepers of billiard tables and ball alleys not used for gaming. whoever occu- pies any premises within the city of ann arbor, for a temporary period only, and is not assessed for taxes in said city, and who offers for sale goods, wares, or merchandise, is hereby defined and declared to be a transient tradesman; twenty-fourth, to regulate, license, and control hackmen, omnibusmen, porters, runners and all others soliciting passengers and others to ride in any hack, omnibus or carriage, or upon any railway, or to go to any hotel or other place, and to prevent said hack- men, omnibusmen, porters and runners from entering within any railroad station, at such times as the com- mon council may determine; twenty-fifth, to make regulations for the lighting of the streets and alleys and the protection and safety of public lamps; twenty-sixth, to provide for and regulate the numbering of buildings upon the streets or alleys, and to compel the owners or occupants of buildings to affix numbers on the same; twenty-seventh, to prescribe the duties of all offi- cers appointed by the common council, and their com- pensation, and the penalty or penalties for failing to perform such duties, and to prescribe the bonds and sureties to be given by the officers of the city for the discharge of their duties, and the time and executing the same in cases not otherwise provided for by law: twenty-eighth, to provide for the cleansing and preserving of the salubrity of the waters of the huron river, or other streams within the limits of the city; to fill up all low ground or lots covered or partially covered with water, or to drain the same, as they may deem expedient; charter of the twenty-ninth, to prescribe and designate the stands for carriages of all kinds, which carry persons for hire, and carts and carters, and to prescribe the rates of fare and charges, and the stand or stands for wood, hay, and produce exposed for sale in said city; thirtieth, to provide for taking a census of the inhabitants of said city, whenever they may see fit, and to direct and regulate the same; thirty-first, to establish a grade for streets and sidewalks and cause the sidewalks to be constructed in accordance with the same; thirty-second, to prescribe the duties of sealer of weights and measures and the penalty for using false weights and measures, and all the laws of this state in relation to the sealing of weights and measures shall apply to said city, except as herein otherwise provided; thirty-third, to direct and regulate the construc- tion of cellars, barns, private drains, sinks and privies; to compel the owner or occupant to fill up, drain, cleanse, alter, relay or repair the same, or to cause the same to be done by some proper officer of the corporation, and to assess the expenses thereof on the lot or premises having such cellar, barn, drain, sink or privy thereon; thirty-fourth, to provide for the protection and care of poor persons and of paupers, and to prohibit and prevent all persons from bringing or sending to the city from any other place any pauper or any other person likely to become a charge upon said city, and to punish therefor; to provide by ordinance for the election or appointment of an overseer of the poor for the city, and to prescribe his duties and vest him with such authority as may be proper for the exercise of his duties, and to provide for the organization of a board of poor commissioners, who shall serve without compensation; city of ann arbor thirty-fifth, to provide for and change the loca- tion and grade of street crossing of any railroad track, and to compel any railroad company or street railway company to raise or lower their railroad track to con- form to street grades, which may be established by the city from time to time, and to construct street cross- ings in such a manner as the council may require, and to keep them in repair; also to require and compel rail- road companies to keep flagmen or watchmen at all railroad crossings of streets, and to give warning of the approach and passage of trains thereat, and to light such crossings during the night; to regulate and prescribe the speed of all locomotives and railroad trains within the city; but such speed shall not be required to be less than four miles an hour, and to impose a fine of not less than five or more than fifty dollars upon the company, and upon any engineer or conductor violating any ordinance regulating the speed of trains. ordinances. sec. . the style of all ordinances shall be, "the common council of the city of ann arbor ordain." all ordinances shall require, for their pas- sage, the concurrence of a majority of all the members elect. the time when any ordinance shall take effect shall be prescribed therein. such time, when the ordi- nance imposes a penalty, shall not be less than ten days from the date of its publication, as hereinafter provided. sec. .* whenever, by the provisions of this act, the common council shall be authorized to pass ordi- nances for any purpose, they shall have power to de- termine by ordinance the punishment of all persons convicted of any violation of the same, by imprison- ment at hard labor or otherwise, and they may pre- *as amended march , . charter of the scribe fines, imprisonment, penalties and forfeitures for the violation of the same not exceeding one hun- dred dollars or imprisonment not exceeding ninety days, or both, in the discretion of the court. such imprisonment may be in .the common jail of the county of washtenaw, in the city lock-up or in the detroit house of correction. the fine, penalty or imprisonment, for the violation of any ordinance, shall be prescribed therein, and during such imprisonment all such offenders may be kept at hard labor. and they may also be kept at hard labor during all that time they are imprisoned in default of the payment of any fine imposed for the violation of such ordinance. sec. . on the day next after the passage of any ordinance, the clerk of the common council shall pre- sent the same to the mayor or other person perform- ing the duties of the mayor, for his approval no ordinance shall be of any force without the written approval of the mayor or other person performing for the time being the duties of his office unless he omit to return it to the clerk of the common council with his objections thereto within ten days after its pre- sentation to him, in which case it shall be deemed regularly enacted. if after the return of the ordi- nance with the objections thereto, as aforesaid, the same shall be passed or re-enacted by a vote of two- thirds of all the members elect of the common council, the ordinance shall be deemed regularly enacted, and the time of its re-enactment shall be deemed to be the time of its passage. sec. . at the time of presenting any ordinance to the mayor for his approval, the clerk of the com- mon council shall certify thereon, and also in the journal or record of the proceedings of the council, the time when the same was presented, and shall also certify thereon, and in such journal or record the time of the return of such ordinance, whether city of ann arbor approved or with objections, and shall at the next meeting of the common council report any ordinance returned with the [objections] objection thereto. sec. . no repealed ordinance shall be revived unless the whole or so much as is intended to be re- vived shall be re-enacted. when any section of an ordinance is amended, the whole section as amended shall be re-enacted. sec. . all ordinances when approved by the mayor, or when regularly enacted, shall be imme- diately recorded by the clerk of the common council in a book to be called "the record of ordinances," and it shall be the duty of the mayor and clerk to authen- ticate the same by their official signatures upon such record. sec. . within one week after the approval of final passage of any ordinance the same shall be pub- lished in one or more newspapers printed and circu- lated within the city, and the clerk shall, immediately after such publication, enter on the record of ordi- nances in a blank space to be left for such purpose under the recorded ordinance, a certificate stating in what newspaper and of what date such publication was made and sign the same officially, and such cer- tificate shall be prima facie evidence that legal publi- cation of such ordinance has been made. sec. . in all courts having authority to hear, try, or determine any matter or cause arising under the ordinances of said city, and in all proceedings in said city relating to or arising under the ordinances, or any ordinance thereof, judicial notice shall be taken of the enactment, existence, provisions and continu- ing force of the ordinance of the city; and whenever it shall be necessary to prove any of the laws, regula- tions or ordinances of said city, or any resolution adopted by the common council, the same may be read in all courts of justice and in all the proceedings: charter of the first, from a record thereof kept by the city clerk in the record of ordinances; second, from a copy thereof, or of such record thereof, certified by the city clerk under the seal of the city; third, from any volume of ordinances purporting to have been written or printed by the authority of the council. enforcement of ordinances. sec. . the corporation of the city of ann arbor shall be allowed to use the common jail of the county of washtenaw for the imprisonment of all persons liable to imprisonment under the ordinances of said city, and all persons committed to jail by any justice of the peace for a violation of any such ordi- nance shall be in the custody of the sheriff of the county, who shall safely keep the person so committed until lawfully discharged, as in other cases. when- ever, by the terms of any ordinance of said city, it is provided that any person convicted of a violation thereof shall be imprisoned, said person may be con- fined in the county jail of the county of washtenaw, a city lock-up, or in the house of correction in the city of detroit, in the discretion of the court: pro- vided, that the said city of ann arbor shall pay all the expenses of imprisoning persons charged with the violation of city ordinances. sec. . whenever any person shall be charged with having violated any of the by-laws or ordinances of the city, by which the offender is liable to imprison- ment, any justice of the peace residing in said city, to whom complaint shall be made, in writing, and on oath, shall issue a warrant directed "to the city mar- shal, policeman or any constable of the city of ann arbor," commanding him forthwith to bring the body of such person before him to be dealt with according to said laws or ordinances of the city, and the marshal or other officer to whom said warrant shall be deliv- city of ann arbor ered for service is hereby authorized and required to execute the same, in any part of the state where such offender may be found, under the penalties which are by law incurred by sheriffs and other officers for neglecting or refusing to execute other criminal pro- cess, and the proceedings relating to the arrest and custody of the offender pending trial, the pleadings and all proceedings upon the trial of such cause, and the rendition of judgment and the execution thereof shall, except as otherwise provided by this act, be gov- erned by and conform as nearly as may be to the pro- visions of law relating to proceedings in criminal causes cognizable by [a] justice of the peace under the general laws of this state. sec. . the expenses of apprehending, examin- ing and committing offenders against any law of this state, in the said city, and of their confinement, shall be audited and allowed and paid by the supervisors of the county of washtenaw, in the same manner as if such expenses had been incurred in any town of said county. sec. .* all actions against the city of ann arbor shall be commenced by summons, which shall be served upon the city clerk at least six days before the return thereof, by giving him a copy of said sum- mons with the name of the officer serving the same endorsed thereon; or in case of the absence of the said city clerk from the city, then by leaving such copy with the mayor, endorsed as aforesaid: provided, that no suit shall be maintained against the city until the claim whereon the same is founded shall have been presented to the common council of said city, duly verified, at a regular meeting of the same, for allow- ance, and until after one regular meeting of the com- mon council shall intervene: and provided further. that all claims for damages against the city growing *as amended june , . charter of the out of the negligence or default of said city, or of any officer, or employee thereof, shall be presented to the common council of said city, in the manner above pro- vided, within sixty days after such claim shall arise, and in default thereof shall thereafter be forever barred; and in any action in any court on any such claim, the claimant shall be required to show that such claim has been duly presented in the manner in this act specified, to the common council of said city. sec. . in all suits in which the city of ann arbor shall be a party, or shall be interested, no in- habitant of said city shall be deemed incompetent as an officer, witness or juror, on account of his interest in the event of such suit or action: provided, such interest be such only as he has in common with the other inhabitants of said city; and provided f urther, that it shall not be necessary to pay or tender any fees to any witness subpoenaed on the part of the city, but such witness shall be bound to attend, and shall be liable to attachment the same as if fees had been tendered or duly paid to him. the fees of witnesses shall be allowed by the common council on the certifi- cate of the justice or court before whom they appeared. sec. . in all trials before any justice of the peace of any person charged with a violation of any ordinance of the said city, either party shall be en- titled to a jury of six persons; and all the proceedings for the summoning of such jury and in the trial of the cause shall be in conformity, as near as may be, with the mode of proceeding in similar cases before justices of the peace; and in all cases, civil and criminal, the right of appeal from the justice's court to the circuit court of washtenaw county shall be allowed, and the person appealing shall enter into a recognizance, con- ditioned to prosecute the appeal in the circuit court, and abide the order of the court therein, or such other city of ann arbor recognizance as is or may be required by law in ap- peals from justices' courts in similar cases: provided, if any judgment in any action shall be.rendered against the city by any justice of the peace, such judg- ment may be removed by appeal to the circuit court in the same manner and with the same effect as though the city were a natural person, except that no bond or recognizance to the adverse party shall be necessarv to be executed on behalf of the said city. sec. .* all fines, forfeitures and penalties im- posed for the violation of any ordinance of said city, may, at the election of the city attorney, be sued for in the name of the said corporation, before any court of competent jurisdiction, in an action of assumpsit for money had and received, and in declaring in such action it shall be deemed sufficient to refer to the ordi- nance, claimed to have been violated, by its proper title and date of its passage. whenever any such ordi- nance shall impose a fine without imprisonment, or a fine or imprisonment, or both a fine and imprison- ment, action may be brought for the enforcement thereof, either under this section or under section number ninety-eight; but if under this section the said city shall be deemed to have waived all imprison ment of the defendant. the form of the action, writ, time of return and manner of service thereof, the pleadings and all proceedings in the cause, including final writ of execution and discharge thereof, shall be, and conform as near as may be to the action of as- sumpsit now in common use for the collection of debts and the enforcement of contracts between party and party. sec. . all fines, penalties or forfeitures recov- ered before any of said justices for a violation of the ordinances of said city shall, when collected, be paid into the city treasury; and each of said justices shall *as amended march , . charter of the report, on oath, to the common council, on the first mondays of january, april, july and september, dur- ing the term for which he shall perform the duties of such justice, the number and name of every person against whom judgment shall have been rendered for such fine, penalty or forfeiture, and all moneys so re- ceived, or which may be in his hands, collected on such fine, penalty or forfeiture shall be paid into the city treasury on the first monday of the months above named, during the time such justice shall exercise the duties of said office, and for any neglect in this par- ticular he may be suspended or removed, as herein- before provided. sec. . all persons being habitual drunkards, destitute, and without any visible means of support, and who, being such habitual drunkards, shall aban- don, neglect, or refuse to aid in the support of their families, being complained of by such families, all able-bodied and sturdy beggars who may apply for alms or solicit charity, all persons wandering abroad, lodging in watch-houses, out-houses, market-places sheds, stables, or uninhabited dwellings, or in the open air, and not giving a good account of themselves, all common brawlers and disturbers of the public quiet, and all persons who beg from door to door or in the streets of said city, shall be deemed vagrants, and may, upon conviction before any justice of the peace in said city, be sentenced to confinement in the county jail of said county, the city lock-up, or [in] the house of correction in the city of detroit, for such time, not exceeding sixty days, as the common council shall by ordinance prescribe. sec. . all persons who shall have actually abandoned their wives or children in said city, or may neglect to provide, according to their means, for their wives or children, are hereby declared to be disorderly persons, within the meaning of chapter fifty-five of the city of ann arbop compiled laws of eighteen hundred and seventy-one, as amended, and may be proceeded against in the man- ner directed by said title; and it shall be the duty of the magistrate before whom any such person may be brought for examination, to judge and determine from the facts and circumstances of the case whether the conduct of said person amounts to such desertion, or neglect to provide for his wife or children. police. sec. .* the common council of said city may provide by ordinance for a police force, and for the appointment by the mayor of such numbers of police- men or nightwatchmen as they may deem necessary for the good government of the city, and for the pro- tection of the persons and property of the inhabitants; and may authorize the mayor to appoint special police- men from time to time when, in his judgment, the emergency or necessity may so require, and may pro- vide for and appoint subordinate officers for the police and nightwatchmen. sec. . the common council may make and establish rules for the regulation and government of the police, prescribing and defining the powers and duties of policemen and nightwatchnien, and shall prescribe and enforce such police regulations as will most effectually preserve the peace and order of the city, preserve the inhabitants from personal violence, and protect public and private property from destruc tion by fire and unlawful depred,ition. and the mayor may, whenever he shall deem it necessary for the preservation of peace and good order in the city, ap- point and place on duty such number of temporary policemen as in his judgment the emergencies of the case may require; but such appointments, unless made *as amended march , . charter of the in accordance with some ordinance or resolution of the common council, shall not continue longer than three days. sec. . the city marshal, as chief of police, under the direction of the mayor, shall have the super- intendence and direction of the policemen and night- watchmen, subject to such regulations as may be pre- scribed by the common council. sec. . it shall be the duty of the police and nightwatchmen and officers of the force, under the direction of the mayor and chief of police, and in con formity with the ordinances of the city, to suppress all riots, disturbances and breaches of the peace, to apprehend any and all persons in the act of commit tidg any offense against the laws of the state or any ordinance of the city, and to take the offender forth- with before the proper court or magistrate to be dealt with for the offense; to make complaint to the proper officers and magistrates of any person believed to be guilty of the violation of the ordinances of the city or the penal laws of the state, and at all times dili- gently and faithfully to enforce all such laws, ordi- nances and regulations for the preservation of good order and the public welfare as the council may ordain, and to serve all process issued under any city ordinance and directed to them for service, and for such purposes the chief of police and every policeman and nightwatchman shall have all the powers of con- stables and may arrest upon view and without process any person in the act of violating any ordinance of the city, or in the commission of any offense against the laws of the state. sec. .* the mayor may suspend or remove from office any policeman or nightwatchman for mis- conduct or other cause at any time, as provided in sec- *as amended march is, . city of ann arbor tion eight-three of this act, as amended. when em- ployed in the performance of duty the policeman shall receive such compensation therefor from the city as the common council shall prescribe. cemeteries. sec. . said city may acquire, hold, and own such cemetery or public burial place or places, either within or without the limits of the corporation as in the opinion of the common council shall be necessary for the public welfare and suitable for the convenience of the inhabitants. the common council may prohibit the interment of the dead within the city, or may limit such interments therein to such cemetery or burial place as they may prescribe; and may cause any bodies buried within the city in violation of any rule or ordi- nance made in respect to such burials, or when public policy shall demand, to be taken up and buried else- where. sec. . the common council may, within the limitations in this act contained, raise and appropriate such sums as may be necessary for the purchase of cemetery grounds, and for the improvement, adorn- ment, protection, and care thereof. sec. . the common council may pass and en- force all ordinances necessary to carry into effect the provisions herein contained, and to control and regu- late such cemetery or burial place or improvement thereof, and to protect the same and the appurte- nances thereof from injury, and to punish violations of any lawful orders and regulations. sec. . the common council shall have power also to pass all ordinances deemed necessary for the preservation and protection of any cemetery or burial place within the city, belonging or under the control of any church, religious society, corporation, company o charter of the or association, and for the protection and preservation of the tombs, monuments, and improvements therein and the appurtenances thereof. pounds. sec. . the common council may provide and maintain one or more pounds within the city, and may appoint pound-masters, prescribe their powers and duties and fix their compensation; and may authorize the impounding of all animals, geese and other fowls found in the streets or otherwise at large or tied or staked in such streets for the purpose of grazing, con- trary to any ordinance of the city; and if there shall be no pound or pound-master, they may provide for the impounding of such animals, geese and fowls, by the city marshal in some suitable place under his im- mediate care and inspection, and may confer on him the powers and duties of pound-master. sec. . the common council may prescribe the fees for impounding, and the amount or rate of ex- penses for keeping, and the charges to be paid by the owner or keeper of the animals, geese and fowls, for the payment of such fees, expenses and charges, and for the penalties incurred, and may impose penalties for rescuing any animal or thing impounded. public buildings, grounds and parks. sec. . said city may acquire, purchase and erect all such public buildings as may be required for the use of the corporation, and may purchase, acquire, appropriate and own such real estate as may be neces- sary for public grounds, parks, markets, public build- ings, and all other purposes necessary or convenient for the public good, and the execution of the powers conferred by this act; and such buildings and grounds or any part thereof may be sold, leased, mortgaged and disposed of as occasion may require. city of ann ahbor l sec. a.* all real estate now owned by the city of ann arbor and dedicated to park purposes, includ- ing all properties, buildings and improvements of every kind connected therewith, together with all property that may hereafter be acquired for park pur- poses, and all lawn extensions and shade trees, shall be under the exclusive control of five commissioners who shall be electors and actual residents of the said city and shall be known and designated as "the board of park commissioners of the city of ann arbor." sec. b. the members of said board shall be appointed by the mayor of said city on the first mon- day of may of each year, or within a reasonable time thereafter, and in accordance with the provisions of section thirty-one of the charter of said city, relative to appointments by the mayor; the full term of each member shall be five years, from the first monday in may of the year in which he may be appointed and until his successor is appointed and qualified, except as hereinafter specially provided. whenever the term of office of any member shall expire, his successor shall be appointed by the mayor, as herein provided, and his term of office shall date from the expiration of the term of office of the member whom he succeeds. the members of the said board shall devote all the time necessary to a proper discharge of the duties of their offices, and shall serve without pay. at the first meet- ing of the said board after the first monday in may of each year the member whose term of office shall soon- est expire shall be president of the board for that year. sec. c. immediately after this act shall take effect flu; mayor of said city shall appoint five mem bers of said board who shall serve as follows: one until the first monday in may, nineteen hundred and *sections n a to n k inclusive were added to the charter, may i , . a charter of the six, and until his successor is appointed and qualified, one until the first monday in may, nineteen hundred seven, and until his successor is appointed and quali- fied, one until the first monday in may, nineteen hun- dred eight, and until his successor is appointed and qualified, one until the first monday in may, nineteen hundred nine, and until his successor is appointed and qualified, and one until the first monday in may, nineteen hundred ten, and until his successor is ap- pointed and qualified. sec. d. the common council shall provide an appropriation in its annual budget for the year nine- teen hundred five, for the care, maintenance, improve ments, or extensions of parks. it shall be the duty of said board to prepare and submit to the common coun- cil for its ratification or amendment, on or before the first monday in june, each year, estimates for the care, maintenance, improvements or extensions of the said parks. such estimates shall specify in detail the objects of the expenditures, the sum desired for each and any special reasons the board may have for desir- ing the same. the amount of money which the com- mon council shall determine by resolution to be neces- sary shall be certified by the city clerk to the city assessor with the other amounts determined to be raised by tax for the city streets, sewers or other pur- poses in accordance with the provisions of the char- ter of the city of ann arbor. sec. e. the said board shall pay to the city treasurer all moneys received from any source relating to said parks, who shall receive such money and place the same in a fund to be called the park fund. all expenses incurred by the board on account of parks shall be passed upon by it, certified to by the president thereof, and filed with the city clerk who shall certify the same to the common council for payment, and in case the matter of expense involved is included in the ■ city of ann arbor annual budget, herein provided for, the common coun- cil shall order the payment of the same. in case the matter of expense is not therein included the common council shall take such action in relation thereto as it may deem proper. sec. f. no debt or liability of any kind shall be created by said board on account of parks in excess of the annual budget and money in said park fund unless specially authorized so to do by a majority elect of the common council. the said board may ac- cept donations or bequests of money or property which shall be used for the maintenance and improvements of said parks as contemplated by such donation or bequest. sec. g. said board shall have power to engage . or appoint all employees on the parks and fix their compensation. it shall have power to appoint a super- intendent of parks, who shall not be a member of said board, and fix his salary. such superintendent shall hold his position during the pleasure of said board. sec. h. said board shall have exclusive con- trol over all improvements in any of the said parks: also the construction of all buildings and the mainte- nance thereof within said parks, and the care and trimming of all shade trees within the said city. sec. i. the said board may make all needful rules and regulations for the management, mainte- nance and care of parks and regulate their use; and the common council of said city may provide ordi- nances for the observation of the same; and may also, in like manner, provide for the observation and en- forcement of any other rules and regulations duly made by the said board, under any provisions of this act; and said common council may by ordinance pro- vide for the preservation and protection of the parks and any of the property in charge of said board against any destruction or injury and prevent charter of the the destruction or injury to, or taking of any trees, shrubs, plants, flowers, or other things set out, planted or used by the said board in benefiting, im- proving or ornamenting the said parks and prevent any disorder or disturbance on or about said parks or any encroachment thereon or any interference with the quiet and peaceful use and enjoyment of the same, for the purposes for which the same are established and maintained. the said ordinances may provide for the punishment of any breach or violation of any of their provisions by like penalty provided for viola- tions of ordinances of the said city. sec. j. the said board shall classify the vari ous works under its control, and keep an accurate account of the cost of each, and of the amounts ex- pended for construction, repairs, superintendence and salaries of employees, and, also, detailed accounts of all other matters under its charge and control, and upon the second monday in may, in the year nineteen hundred six, and on the second monday in may in every year thereafter, and oftener if required by the common council, shall submit to it a statement, show- ing in detail, the progress and condition of all the pub- lic improvements commenced or carried forward by said board ; the character and amounts of all contracts made by the board; the moneys earned and paid thereon, and all other information necessary to the full understanding of the business conducted by said board. sec. k. the city engineer shall perform such services as may be required of him by the said board; the city attorney shall be the legal adviser of said board and the city clerk shall be the clerk of said board. sec. .* when the common council shall deem it for the public interest, grounds and buildings for *as amended june , . city of ann arbor work-houses, hospitals, pest-houses, cemeteries, water- works, parks, and other necessary public uses may be purchased, erected and maintained either within the city limits or not exceeding three miles beyond the same; and they shall have authority to enforce over such lands, buildings and property, whether within or without the city, such ordinances and police regula- tions as may be necessary for the care and protection thereof, and for the management and control of the persons kept or confined in such work-houses or hos- pitals. sewers, drains and water-courses. sec. . the common council may establish, con- struct and maintain sewers and drains whenever and wherever necessary, and of such dimensions and ma- terials, and under such regulations as they may deem proper for the drainage of the city; and private prop- erty, or the use thereof, may be taken therefor in the manner prescribed in this act for taking property for public use; but in all cases where the council shall deem it practicable, such sewers and drains shall be constructed in the public streets and grounds and at public expense. sec. . whenever the council shall deem it necessary for the public health they may require the owners and occupants of lots and premises to con- struct private drains therefrom to connect with some public sewer or drain, thereby to drain such lots and premises, and to keep such private drains in repair and free from obstruction and nuisance; and if such private drains are not constructed and maintained according to such requirements, the common council may cause the work to be done at the expense of such owner or occupant, and the amount of such expense shall be a lien upon the premises drained, and may be collected by special assessment to be levied thereon; the common council shall have the power to compel charter of the the use of dry earth closets by the owners and occu- pants of lots and premises, enforce the use of the same by ordinance, and provide by ordinance, for the re- moval of the contents thereof. sec. . the owners or occupants of lots and premises shall have the right to connect the same at their own expense, by means of private drains, with the public sewers and drains, under such rules and regulations as the common council shall by ordinance prescribe. sec. . the common council may charge and collect annually from persons whose premises are connected by private drains with the public sewers such reasonable sum, not exceeding two dollars per year, as they may deem just, in proportion to the amount of drainage through such private drains, and such charges shall be a lien upon the premises, and may be collected by special assessment thereon, or otherwise. sec. . such part of the expenses of building sewers, providing ditches and improving water courses as the council shall determine, may be defrayed by special assessment upon the lands benefited thereby in proportion to such benefits. sec. a.* whenever the parties owning a ma- jority of the area of land in any proposed storm sewer district shall petition the common council to construct storm sewers in said district, it may order the im- provement made and assess the whole or any part of the cost of the same against the property in said dis- trict included in the petition, and all proceedings for the construction of said storm sewers shall be the same as that for the construction of lateral sewers in said city. * sec. a was added to the charter may , . city of ann arbor sec. . the common council may enact such ordinances as may be necessary for the protection and control of the public drains and sewers and to carry into effect the powers herein conferred in respect to drainage of the city. streets, sidewalks and public improvements. sec. . the common council shall be the com- missioners of highways for said city, and shall have all the powers given by statute to highway commis- sioners, so far as applicable, except as in this act oth- erwise provided; and shall have the care, supervision and control of the highways, streets, bridges, lanes, alleys, parks and public grounds therein, and of keep- ing, preserving, repairing, improving, cleansing and securing of such highways, bridges, lanes, alleys, parks and public grounds. the common council shall have power by ordinance to regulate the time and manner of working upon the streets; to provide for grading and paving the same; to prevent the obstruction or incumbering of any of the streets, lanes, alleys, side- walks or public grounds in said city; to provide for the erection, preservation and maintenance of lamp posts and lamps in said streets, and to provide for lighting the same; to provide for the planting and protection of shade trees along the sides of the streets, and on the public grounds in said city, and to keep such public grounds in good condition; to lay out, open and repair streets and alleys, and the same to alter and vacate, and to alter and vacate those already laid out. sec. .* whenever the common council shall be applied to in writing by ten or more, freeholders of said city to lay out, establish, open, widen, alter, straighten, or discontinue any way, street, common, * as amended march , . charter of the lane, alley, highway or water course, or to build, es- tablish, or vacate any bridge, said common council, if they determine the proposed improvement advisable, shall give notice of the pendency of the question of ordering such proposed improvement to the owners, occupants, or persons interested, or his, her or their agent, or representative, by personal service, if they reside within said city; if they shall reside without said city, then said service shall be made by posting up notices in five or more public places in said city, which notice shall state the time and place when and where the common council will meet to consider the same, and shall designate to a common certainty the street, lane, common, alley, water course, or bridge proposed to be laid out, altered, opened, widened, es- tablished, discontinued, vacated, built or erected, which notice shall be posted at least ten days before the time of meeting. if, after hearing the persons in- terested, the common council shall determine to lay out, alter, widen or discontinue any such street, lane, alley, water course, or build, erect or vacate any such bridge, or other improvement, they shall proceed to obtain a release of the right of way for such proposed street, lane, way or alley, and of the damages accru- ing, if any, to any and all persons injuriously affected by such proposed improvement, by gift, compromise or purchase. if the common council shall be unable to agree with the persons interested and thus acquire the right of way and release of damages, they shall so declare by resolution, whereupon the said city of ann arbor may by right proceed under the general laws of this state and acquire such right of way and settle such question of damages by condemnation. sec. . when the damages or compensation aforesaid shall have been paid or tendered to the per- son entitled thereto, or an order on the city treasury for the amount of such damages shall have been exe- cuted and delivered or tendered to such person or city of ann arbor persons, if known, and residents of said city, said com- mon council shall then give notice to the owner or occupant of the land through or over which any such highway, street, lane, alley or common, sidewalk, wat- ercourse or bridge shall have been laid out, altered, established or built, or if such owner or occupant shall not be known, or be non-resident, then by post- ing such notices in three public places in the ward or wards in which said property shall be situated, and require him, within such time as they shall deem rea- sonable, not less than thirty days after giving such notice, to remove his fence or fences; and in case the owner shall neglect or refuse to remove his fence or fences within the time specified in such notice, the said common council shall have full power and it shall be their duty to enter, with such aid and assist ance as shall be necessary, upon the premises and re move such fence or fences and open the above highway, street, lane, alley, sidewalk or watercourse without delay after the time specified in such notice shall have expired: provided, that in the rural districts of said city no person shall be required to remove his fence or fences between the first day of may and the first day of november. sec. . no person shall be deemed to have gain ed any title as against the city by lapse of time, to any street, lane, alley, common or public square here tofore laid out or platted by the proprietors of said city, or any part thereof, by reason of encroachment or inclosure of the same. sec. .* the common council shall have power to assess and levy a tax to pay the expense of making, grading, paving, opening, widening, and repairing streets, lanes, and alleys, and for the construction of and putting curb-stones, gutters and culverts therein, of grading, paving, planking, building, repairing and * as amended march , . o charter of the rebuilding sidewalks, draining lowlands, making, building and constructing drains, sewers and other local improvements, upon the lots, premises, lands, and tenements in said city, which in the opinion of the common council are benefited by .such local im- provement, or by a general tax, or part by a local or special tax, and part by general tax, as said common council may deem proper. sec. a.* whenever the common council shall order any local or public improvement, the cost of a part or the whole whereof it is proposed to assess and levy on the lands, premises and tenements, which are benefited thereby, they shall by resolution so declare, and determine what part of the whole thereof, shall be levied and assessed upon the owners of the lands, premises and tenements deemed to be thus benefited, and thereupon they shall by resolution fix and deter- mine the district or portion of the city benefited and specify the amount to be assessed upon the owners and against the taxable real estate situate therein: provided, that no such assessment for the pavement of any street or alley shall be made or collected other than by general tax, unless upon the petition for such pavement, signed by the parties owning a majority of the foot frontage of the real estate on the line of such street or part thereof proposed to be paved. sec. b. after such determination the city clerk shall forthwith certify such resolution so fixing the boundaries of such assessment district, with the sum of money thus to be raised by special assessment to the assessor of said city, who shall without delay proceed to make a special assessment roll in which he shall set down all the lands and tenements situated in said special assessment district liable to taxation under the proper descriptions, and with the names of the * sections a, b, c, i d, c, i f, i g, and i were added to the charter march , . section a was amended june , . city of ann arbor > owners, or occupants thereof, also the true cash value of the same, and shall assess to the owner or occupant of each and against each parcel of land so liable to taxation, such a sum of money as shall in his opinion equal the benefit to such parcel from such public im- provement. sec. c. that immediately after such special as- sessment roll shall have been completed, the said as- sessor shall, having certified his doings thereon, deliv- er the same to the city clerk, who shall number and entitle the same and lay the same before the common council at the next regular meeting thereof. sec. d. whenever any such special roll shall be presented to the common council, they shall at such meeting, or at the next meeting fix and set a time for the review of the same, which shall be at the council chamber at two o'clock in the afternoon, not less than fifteen days nor more than thirty days therefrom. the city clerk shall forthwith cause notice of the time so fixed to be published in one of the newspapers in said city. sec. e. at the time so fixed for the review of said special roll, the common council shall meet at the council chamber as a board of review, at which time, and at all other times to which the review of any such special assessment roll may be adjourned, any person interested may appear and be heard in person, or by agent, or attorney and the common council, as such board of review shall have power and authority to review such special assessment roll, to add to any tax thereon, or to reduce the same and fully and fairly to equalize the taxes spread thereon, according to the benefits coming to each parcel of the same by such public improvements. sec. f. that after the common council sitting as such board of review shall have completed the re- view of any such special assessment roll, they shall so charter of the declare by resolution, whereupon at the next meeting of the common council the city clerk shall report the proceedings of the said board of review to the com- mon council, when the question shall be, "shall the special assessment roll be confirmed?" which shall de- termine in the affirmative only by a majority vote of all the aldermen elect. when any such special as- sessment roll shall have been thus confirmed by the common council, it shall be final and conclusive, and shall from the date of such confirmation be and con- tinue a lien upon the respective lots or parcels of land assessed and set down therein, and shall be a charge against [the] person or persons to whom assessed un- til paid. sec. g. after the confirmation of any such special assessment roll, it shall be the duty of the city clerk to certify the said assessment roll, together with the resolution of confirmation, to the city assessor, who shall forthwith attach thereto his warrant direct- ed to the city treasurer commanding him to collect from all, each and every of the persons assessed in said special assessment roll, the sum and amount of money assessed to and set opposite his name therein, and in case any person named in said special assess- ment roll shall neglect or refuse to pay his assessment on demand, then to levy and collect the same by dis- tress and sale of goods and chattels of such person, and return such roll and warrant, together with his doings thereon, within sixty days from and after the date of siich warrant. and within ten days after the expiration of the time above named for the collection of such taxes the treasurer shall return a list of such unpaid taxes to the common council, and the common council shall direct the city assessor to carry into his next assessment roll for state, county and school pur- poses all such delinquent taxes so returned, with a penalty of ten cents on each dollar of the sum total of taxes assessed to each particular description of land, city of ann arbor and which special assessment, together with the penalty, shall be carried out opposite to each such particular description of land in a column provided for that purpose, and all pro- visions of the law respecting the return and sale of property for the non-payment of taxes for state, coun- ty and township purposes shall apply to the return and sale of property for the next non-payment of any such special assessment: provided, that at any time after a special assessment has become payable, the same may be collected by suit in the name of the city, against the person assessed, in an action of assumpsit, in any court having jurisdiction of the amount. in every such action a declaration upon the common counts for money paid shall be sufficient. the special assessment roll and a certified order or resolution con- firming the same shall be prima facie evidence of the regularity of all the proceedings in making the as- sessment, and of the right of the city to recover judg- ment therefor. sec. h. the common council shall have power to assess and levy a tax to pay the expense of sprink- ling streets, lanes and alleys upon the lots, premises, lands and tenements of said city, which, in the opin- ion of the common council, are benefited by such sprinkling: provided, that no such sprinkling shall be done otherwise than by general tax, unless upon a petition signed by the owners of a majority of the front feet, of the property benefited by such sprink- ling. the common council shall have the power to pass all ordinances necessary for the carrying out of this provision: provided, that the procedure for the levy and collection of said tax or taxes shall conform as near as may be, to the provisions of the charter of the city of ann arbor, relative to the levy and collec- tion of taxes for pavements: and provided further, that when any tax shall be ordered under the provis- ions of this section, or any ordinance passed in pur- charter of the suance thereof, it shall be the duty of the city assessor to repeat from year to year, the assessment of the cost of such sprinkling upon the district specified by the council, until the common council shall order oth- erwise; but it shall be the duty of the common coun- cil to discontinue such assessment upon the petition of the owners of a majority of the front feet of the property in the district subject to assessment for such sprinkling. sec. . the common council shall have power to assess and collect from every male inhabitant of said city over the age of twenty-one years, except paupers, idiots, and lunatics, and all persons fifty years old and over, a list of whom shall be made out by the assessor at the time of making the annual as- sessment rolls, an annual capitation or poll tax, not exceeding one dollar, and they may provide by ordi- nance for the collection of the same: provided, that any person assessed for a poll tax may pay the same by one day's labor upon the streets, under the direc- tion of the street commissioners, and the money raised by poll tax or labor in lieu thereof shall be expended or performed in the respecth'e wards where the person so taxed shall reside. sec . whenever the common council shall deem it expedient to construct, repair, or renew any sidewalks within the limits of said city, they may, by ordinance or otherwise, require the owner of any lot or premises adjoining said street to construct such sidewalk or rex>air or renew the same in front of his or her lot or premises, in accordance with the pro- visions of this act. the common council may, by or- dinance or otherwise, under such penalty or penalties as they may prescribe, inquire the owners or occu- pants of lots or premises in said city, or in any speci- fied part thereof, to grade, construct, repair and re- new sidewalks adjoining their respective premises in such manner as the common council may direct. if city of ann arbob the owner or occupant of any lot or premises, after notice so to do shall have been posted on such lot or premises or otherwise given, served, or published, as the common council may direct by ordinance, resolu- tion or otherwise, shall fail or neglect to construct. repair or renew any sidewalk or to clear away snow, ice or other obstruction from any sidewalk, or to widen any street adjoining such lot or premises with- in such time as the common council may prescribe or require by ordinance, resolution, or otherwise, the board of public works may cause the same to be done at the expense of the city, and such expense, with ten per cent. added, shall be deemed to be a spec- ial assessment upon such lot or premises and the common council may add the same to the amount of the general city tax on such lot or premises in the proper district tax roll made the same year the said expense for such improvement was incurred or next thereafter to be made; and the amount so added shall be a lien on the premises in the same manner as the state, county and other city taxes to which it is added, and may be collected and enforced, and, if not paid, the land sold therefor in the manner as for other ordinary taxes, and at the time -of the sale of any such lot or premises for such delinquent tax or taxes, the city clerk or other officer of the city may cause the same to be bid off to the city in its corporate name, and if not redeemed with- in the time allowed by law, the city shall be entitled to a deed of such lot or premises from the auditor general, as provided in all other cases, which deed shall be prima facie evidence of the regularity of all proceedings by the common council and other officers of the city relating to such local improvement and assessment of the costs upon such lot or premises as well as [of] all the proceedings by the assessor and other officers from the valuation of such lot or prem- ises to the date of the deed, inclusive, and of title in fee in the lmrchaser. charter of the sec. .* whenever any action shall have been maintained and judgment recovered against said city by any person on account of damages sustained by reason of any defective sidewalk, or opening in the same, occasioned by the wrong or negligence of the owner or occupant of the premises in front of which said sidewalk shall be, or by reason of said owner or occupant suffering any such sidewalk to become and be out of repair, so that the same shall not be in a condition reasonably safe and fit for travel, or on account of any excavation in the street by any gas, hydraulic or railroad company, and such owner, oc- cupant or company shall have been reasonably noti- fied of the pendency of any suit brought against said city to recover such damages, and shall have been re- quested to appear and defend such suit, the judg- ment, if any, recovered against said city on account of any such sidewalk being defective or out of re- pair, shall be conclusia'e evidence of the liability of such owner or occupant, or company, to such city, and as to the amount of damages, and the same may be recovered by the said city in an action for money paid for the use of said owner, occupant or company, or in any other form of action. board of public works. sec. . there shall be a board of public works, consisting of seven good and competent men who are electors, no two of whom shall be residents of the same ward. the members of such board shall be ap- pointed by the mayor, subject to the approval of a majority of the members elect of the common council, and shall hold office for the term of five years and until their successors are appointed and qualify, the said term to commence on the fifteenth day of may: -» as amended march , . f as amended may i , . city of ann arbor . provided, that the three members of said board now in office shall continue in office for the term for which they were appointed, and until the members of said board provided for by this act shall have been appointed, qualified and shall enter upon their duties as members of said board. sec. .* the members of said board in addition to the three members now composing said board shall be appointed, one for the term of two years, one for the term of four years, and two for the term of five years from the fifteenth day of may, nineteen hun- dred five; and said mayor shall annually nominate to the common council on the first monday in may of each year, or as soon thereafter as may be, to suc- ceed the member or members of said board whose term of office shall expire upon the fifteenth day of may of such year, a member or members of such board for the term of five years. the members of said board shall at their first meeting after the fifteenth day of may of each year, or as soon thereafter as may be, elect one of the members thereof as president of said board, whose duties shall be to call meetings of said board whenever he deems it expedient so to do, or whenever requested in writing by two or more of the other members of said board, and to preside over the deliberations of said board. and the com- mon council shall at all times provide the said board with a suitable office room for its meetings and busi- ness uses, and supply record books, stationery and other things necessary for the transaction of the busi- ness in charge of said board, and provide for the pay- ment, in like manner, as other accounts against the city, of all necessary and lawful expenses incurred by said board. sec. .* said board of public works shall after the said public improvements have been first duly or- as amended may n, . . charter of the tiered by the common council, have supervision and charge of the construction and repair of all sidewalks, cellars under sidewalks, culverts, bridges, platforms, fountains and reservoirs; the construction, repair and extension of all main and lateral sewers and drains; the erection, alteration and repair of all engine houses, police stations, city halls and other public buildings of every description in said city, except school houses and buildings for water works; the deepening and cleaning of ditches and gutters; the cleaning, repairing, grading, planking, graveling or covering with other material of all streets and alleys; and shall, in addition thereto, exercise such other power and perform such other duties in the super- intendence, construction and care of public works and improvements as the common council may from time to time by ordinance direct. said board of public works may recommend a change of grades for streets, alleys, lanes and sidewalks to the common council, but shall make no change in the established grades of any streets, alleys, lanes, gutters or sidewalks of the city without the consent of the common council, made in pursuance of an ordinance of the city estab- lishing all such grades. all plats or additions to the city shall be first submitted to the board of public works for its approval before the same are recorded. sec. .* whenever the common council of said city shall have decided upon the making of any pub- lic improvement, it shall so declare by resolution and shall refer the matter to the board of public works and such other board or boards as may be interested therein and said board or boards, with all convenient dispatch shall determine as to the particular kind of materials to be used therefor so far as practicable and estimate in detail the quantity of materials, the probable cost and expense of such work and of the materials, and make a record thereof in their office, * as amended march. . city of ann arbor and cause to be prepared, so far as necessary, plans and specifications for such work or improvement, and report the determination and estimate to the common council. when such plans and specifications have been submitted to the common council, and ap- proved by it, the said board of public works shall, except in the case of cleaning the ditches and gutters and the repair of streets, and sidewalks, advertise for proposals for furnishing of material and for the performance of such work; and may require all bid- ders to furnish security for the performance of any contract awarded to them; and all bids submitted to said board shall be publicly opened by it, and, as soon thereafter as may be, reported by the said board to the common council together with its recommen- dation in respect thereto; and no contract shall be let by the said board until duly authorized by the common council; said board shall have the right to reject any and all bids made, and in case all bids are rejected, or no bids received, the board may then advertise a second time or perform such work and furnish the materials itself. and if the board shall decide to perform such work and furnish the mater- ials, it shall be the duty of the board to communicate in writing to the common council, at its earliest op- portunity, its determination so to do; and after the completion of such work, at its earliest opportunity, the board shall make an itemized report in writing to the common council of all money expended by it in the prosecution of such work, and the purchase of such materials, stating therein for what particular purpose said money was expended. no expenditures for any purpose exceeding twenty-five dollars shall be paid by the said board except by consent of the common council. sec. . all contracts made by said board shall be in the name of the city of ann arbor, shall first be approved, as to form, by the city attorney, shall o charter of the be executed by the president and clerk of said board; and said board shall have direction of the performance thereof. the board shall reserve the right in all con- tracts to determine all questions as to the proper per- formance of such contracts and as to the completion of the work specified therein; and in case of the im- proper, dilatory, or imperfect performance thereof, to suspend work at any time and to order the partial reconstruction of the same if improperly done; to re- let the work covered by said contract, or any unfin- ished portion thereof; or, by its employes, to take pos- session and complete the same, at the expense of the contractor. it shall also have the right, by proper provisions in all contracts, to retain a sufficient sum from the contract price to pay and discharge all debts incurred by the contractor for labor performed upon any public work, and upon the failure of the contractor to pay the same, to make payment thereof to the parties entitled thereto, and charge the amount so expended against the contract price. said board of public works is hereby authorized to commence and prosecute, in the name of the city, any suits or proceedings for the recovery of damages for the breach of any such contract entered into by said board, or to enforce the performance of any such con- tract. sec. . said board shall have the power to ap- point, subject to the approval of the common council, a city engineer, who shall hold office during the pleasure of the said board, shall make all surveys re- quired for the laying out, construction, alteration, re- pair and improvement of streets, sewers, water-mains, cemeteries, parks, public grounds and buildings, and prepare all necessary plans, profiles and specifications therefor, and perform the civil enginering work of said city of every description, as required by the com- mon council, the said board of public works, or any other lawful authority of said city. said engineer city of ann arbor l may, subject to the approval of the board of public works, appoint such assistants under him as are re- quired for the proper and prompt performance of his duties, and discharge- such assistants at pleasure. said board shall also have the power to appoint suit- able persons who shall have personal supervision of the construction and repair of public buildings; and the said board shall appoint a street commissioner, who shall have charge of the grading, paving, im- proving, cleaning and care of the streets, sidewalks, alleys and public grounds, the construction of side- walks, and the cleaning and deepening [of] the ditch- es, drains and gutters, under the direction of said board of public works, who may remove the said street commissioner at pleasure, and may appoint such oth- er subordinates as may be necessary to enable the board to properly perform the duties devolving upon it. said board shall determine the compensation of said engineer and other appointees of said board, sub- ject to a change by a majority vote of all the members elect of the common council; and all other claims for the same, when certified by the board, shall be sub- mitted to the common council for allowance and pay- ment, in the same manner as other claims against the city. sec. . the said board shall classify the var- ious works under its control, and keep an accurate account of the cost of each, and of the amounts ex- pended for construction, repairs, superintendence, and salaries of employes, and, also, detailed accounts of all other matters under its charge and control, and upon the first monday of january of each year, and oftener if required by the common council, shall sub- mit to it a statement, showing in detail, the progress and condition of all the public improvements com- menced or carried forward by said board; the char- acter and amounts of all contracts made by the board; the moneys earned and paid thereon; and all other charter of the information necessary to the full understanding of the business conducted by said board. the board shall from time to time make estimates of the amounts earned and payable upon any contract for work done and materials furnished, and report the same to the common council; and thereupon it shall be the duty of the common council, without unreasonable delay, to order payment from the proper funds, of the amount so reported. sec. . the city attorney shall act as legal ad- viser of said board; and the city clerk shall be the clerk thereof; and shall keep a full record of its pro- ceedings, showing the vote by ayes and nays, of each member upon all orders, resolutions or recommenda- tions, which records shall be deemed to be public rec- ords, and shall at all times be open to the public in- spection; and a copy thereof published within five days after each session, in the official newspaper of the city, and the marshal with his deputies and police- men shall be at the service of the board in serving the sidewalk notices, and enforcing the ordinances relative to the repair of sidewalks. a majority of the board shall form a quorum for the transaction of business, but a majority of all members constituting said board shall be necessary to decide any questions before the same. the board shall have the power to make all such by-laws, rules and regulations as may be necessary or expedient for the conduct of its busi- ness, not inconsistent with the provisions of the char- ter and ordinances of the city. it shall have the power to fix the duties, and at any time, to suspend or discharge any of its appointees or employees, and appoint or employ others in their places (as to the said board the public interest may seem to require) except as otherwise provided in this act. sec. . the street commissioner appointed by the said board, shall, before entering upon the duties of his office, execute a bond to the city of ann arbor city of ann arisor in the sum of one thousand dollars, conditioned for the faithful performance of duties of said office, with sureties to be approved by the common council; and if said street commissioner shall fail or neglect to give such bond within ten days after his appointment, he shall be deemed to have resigned his office, and a vacancy thereby created may be filled by the appoint- ment as hereinbefore provided. sec. . no member of said board, the street commissioner, nor engineer, shall hold any elective office under the charter of said city while holding said office; and his election to and acceptance of any office in said city shall be deemed a resignation of member- ship, and shall vacate his office in said board. no member of said board, street commissioner or city engineer, shall be personally interested, either directly or indirectly, in any contract for any public work in said city; nor in the purchase, sale or disposition of any material to be used or applied in or about any public work or improvement. any member of said board may be, at any time, removed by the common council of said city for official misconduct, or for the unfaithful or inefficient performance of the duties of his office: provided, that the charges against the said member sought to be removed, and the notice of the time and place of hearing the same, shall be served on him at least ten days previous to the time so assigned, and an opportunity given him to make his defense. whenever a member shall be removed or a vacancy in said board shall occur by reason of the removal of any member from the city, resignation, death, or otherwise, the same shall be filled for the unexpired term by the appointment of the mayor, with the consent of the common council. sec. . all books, surveys, field notes, plats, plans, specifications and other records of every de- scription in the custody of said city engineer or other city officers shall forthwith, on the organization of charter of the the board of public works, be delivered to it; and the same, together with all future surveys, surveyors' field notes, plats, records, plans, profile and other papers connected with the work of the board, shall belong to the city and be carefully preserved as pub- lic records. all contracts for public improvements heretofore lawfully entered into by any person with the city, or any lawfully authorized board or officer thereof, shall be carried out and completed under the direction of the said board of public works. fire department. sec. . there shall be a board of fire commis- sioners in said city. it shall consist of three good and competent men who are electors therein. they shall be appointed by the mayor, subject to the ap- proval of the majority of all the aldermen elect. the full term of a member shall be three years, but the members shall be subject to classification in such a manner that one term shall expire in each year. they shall serve without compensation. sec. . the board of fire commissioners shall have power, subject to the charter and ordinances of said city, to establish and enforce such regulations as they shall deem necessary to guard against the occurrence of fires, and to protect the property and the persons of the citizens against damage and acci- dent resulting therefrom; and for this purpose to establish and maintain a fire department; and said council is hereby required to make such ordinances as are required therefor. the board of fire commis- sioners shall have power to organize and maintain fire companies, to employ and appoint firemen, and to make and establish rules and regulations for the government of the department, the employees, fire- men, and officers thereof; and for the care and man- agement of the engines, apparatus, property, and buildings pertaining to the department; and prescrib- city of ann arbor ing the powers and duties of such employes, firemen and officers. sec. . the board of fire commissioners shall nominate and with the consent of the common council shall appoint a chief of the fire department. the city clerk shall be secretary of said board. sec. . the fire commissioners may, subject to the consent of the common council, purchase and pro- vide suitable engines and such other apparatus, in- struments and means for the use of the department as may be deemed necessary for the extinguishing of fires, and may sink wells and construct cisterns and reservoirs in the streets, public grounds and other suitable places in the city. sec. . the chief of the fire department shall be subject to the direction of the board of fire commis- sioners and have the supervision and direction of the department and the care and management of the fire engines, apparatus and property, subject to such rules and regulations as the board of fire commissioners may prescribe. sec. . the members of the board of fire com- missioners, chief of the fire department, chief of police or any officer of the fire department may command any person present at a fire to aid in the extinguish- ment thereof, and to assist in the protection of prop- erty thereat. if any person shall willfully disobey any such lawful requirement or other lawful order and direction of any such officer, the officer giving the order may arrest or direct any policeman to arrest such person and confine him temporarily until the fire shall be extinguished, and in addition thereto he shall be punished in such manner as may be pre- scribed by the ordinance of the city. sec. . the board of fire commissioners may provide for the appointment of and may appoint such number of fire wardens as may be deemed necessary, charter of the and for the examination by them from time to time, of the stoves, furnaces and heating apparatus and devices in all the dwellings, buildings and structures within the city, and in all places where combustible or explosive substances are kept; and to cause all such as are unsafe with respect to fire to be put in a safe condition. sec. . the common council may prescribe by ordinance from time to time, limits or districts within the city, within which wooden (frames) buildings shall not be erected, placed, enlarged, renewed, or repaired, and to direct the manner of constructing buildings within such districts, with respect to pro- tection against fire, and the material of which the walls and roofs shall be constructed. sec. . the common council may also prohibit within such places or districts as they shall deem expedient for the location of shops; the prosecution of any trade or business; the keeping of lumber yards and the storing of lumber, wood or other easily in- flammable material in open places, when, in the opin- ion of the common council, the danger from fire is thereby increased. they may regulate the storing of gunpowder, oils and other combustible and explosive substances and the use of lights in buildings, to pro- hibit and regulate the erection and maintenance of boilers, engines and chimneys, and generally may pass and enforce such ordinances and regulations as they may deem necessary for the prevention and suppres- sion of fires. sec. . every building or structure, engine or boiler which may be erected, placed, repaired, re- newed, enlarged, or kept in violation of any ordinance or regulation made for the prevention of fires, is here- by declared to be a nuisance, and may be removed by the direction of the board of fire commissioners. sec. . the officers, firemen, and employes of city of ann arbor the department shall receive such compensation as the common council may prescribe; and during their term of service shall be exempt from serving on juries. the common council may provide suitable compensa- tion for an injury which any fireman may receive to his person or property in consequence of the perform- ance of his duty at any fire. sec. . the engineer in charge of the depart- ment at any fire, with the concurrence of the mayor or any two fire commissioners, may cause any build- ing to be pulled down or destroyed when deemed necessary, in order to arrest the progress of the fire, and no action shall be maintained against any person or against the city therefor; but if any person having an interest in the building shall apply to the common council within three months after the fire, for dam- ages or compensation for such building the common council shall pay him such compensation as may be just. they may ascertain such damage by agreement with the owner, or by the appraisal of the jury, to be selected in the same manner as in the case of juries to appraise damages for taking private property for public use; and the common council may cause the amount of any damages determined upon to be de- frayed by a special assessment upon the property which in their opinion was protected or benefited by the destruction of such building; but no damages shall be paid for the. amount of any loss which would have probably occurred to such if it had not been pulled down or destroyed. sec. . the said fire department, its officers and men, with their engines and apparatus of all kinds, shall have the right of way going to any fire or in any highway, street or alley, over any and all vehicles of every kind, except those carrying the united states mail; and any person who shall refuse the right of way, or in any manner obstruct any fire apparatus, or any of said officers and men while in charter of the the performance of their duties, or shall drive over or cut any hose, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and liable to punishment for the same. it shall be lawful for said board to send an engine, with hose and appa- ratus, to the relief of any community in the vicinity of ann arbor. sec. . whenever a person or corporation shall be desirous of erecting or altering any building within the fire limits of said city, he, she or they shall make application at the office of the chief of the fire depart- ment for a permit for that purpose, and shall furnish for the examination of said chief a written statement of the proposed location, the dimensions, the manner of constructing the proposed building or alteration, the material to be used, the estimated cost, and the contract for completion. it shall be the duty of the chief, on receiving such application, to inspect the location, and to fully examine the question of grant- ing such permit, and if he shall be satisfied that the building or alteration proposed will comply with the ordinances of the city; and the erection of the same will in any other respect be proper, he shall, subject to the approval of the board of fire commissioners, give such applicant a permit therefor, and such appli- cant shall pay to the chief the sum of one dollar, if the estimated cost of said building or alteration shall be less than one thousand dollars; two dollars if it shall be more than one thousand dollars and less than five thousand dollars, and for every additional one thousand dollars over five thousand dollars, the fur- ther sum of fifty cents. all money so received by the chief shall be paid by him into the city treasury at least once a month, and a detailed statement thereof, giving the date when, and the name of the person from whom received, shall be filed in the office of the city clerk. sec. . it shall be the duty of the chief of the fire department to visit and inspect each building city of ann arbor which may be in the course of erection, construction or alteration within the fire limits of said city, and to see that such house or building is being erected, con- structed or altered according to the provisions of the city ordinances and the permit so granted, and in a manner adapted for the security thereof against fires, and the safety of the occupants. his visits and in- spection may be repeated from time to time until such house or building is completed, when he shall, if re- quested, furnish the owner or [contractor] construc- tor with a certificate that said house or building is in all respects conformable to law and properly con- structed. seo. . it shall be the duty of the board of fire commissioners to cause the chief of the department to examine into the cause, circumstances and origin of all fires occurring in said city, by which any building, erection or valuable personal property shall be acci- dentally or unlawfully burned, destroyed or damaged, and to especially inquire and examine whether such fire was the result of carelessness or the act of [an] incendiary. the chief of the fire department may take the testimony of all persons supposed to be cogni- zant of any facts connected with such fire; said testi- mony shall be reduced to writing and shall be trans- mitted to the board of fire commissioners, together with a report by the chief of the fire department em- bodying his opinion in regard thereto. the chief of the fire department shall also report to the chief of police, to the prosecuting attorney of washtenaw county and to the owners of property or other persons interested in the subject matter of such investigation, any facts or circumstances which he may have ascer- tained which shall in his opinion require attention from or by said officers or persons. ° charter of the the public health. sec. .* there shall be a board of health iii said city which shall consist of three members, one of whom shall be a competent physician; they shall be appointed by the mayor, by and with the consent of the common council, for the full term of three years: but the members shall be subject to classification in such manner that one term shall expire each year; one of the members of said board, in addition to the powers and duties incumbent upon him as a member of said board, shall be city health officer and shall exercise such powers and duties as shall be from time to time conferred upon him by said board of health and the common council of said city. said city health officer shall in all cases be a competent physi- cian and the mayor shall designate which of the mem- bers of said board shall be city health officer, and such member of the board of health shall continue to dis charge the duties of city health officer during the term for which he was appointed as a member of said board. such city health officer shall be executive offi- cer of the board of health, shall perform such duties of inspection as may be necessary for the information and guidance of said board and shall do the work of fumigating in all cases where it is necessary for it to be done within said city. said health officer shall receive six hundred dollars per annum which shall be in full for his services. the other members of the said board of health shall receive such compensation as the common council may allow not exceeding fifty dollars per annum. sec;. c> . the said board shall have and possess all the powers given by the general statutes of this state to boards of health in townships, in addition to those herein particularly enumerated, except when the powers granted would conflict with the provisions * as amended march, . charter of the lence or infectious disease, shall, within two hours after the arrival of such sick person, report the fact in writing, with the name of such person and the house or place where he was put down in the city, to the mayor or some member or officer of the board of health/ sec. . any person who shall knowingly bring or procure, or cause to be brought into the city any property of any kind tainted or infected with any malignant fever or pestilential or infectious disease, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by fine and imprisonment. sec. . every keeper of an inn, boarding house or lodging house in the city, who shall have in his house at any time any sick traveler or stranger, shall report the fact and name of the person in writing, within six hours after his sickness becomes known, to the mayor or some other officer or member of the board of health; and every physician in the city shall report, under this head, to one of the officers above named, the name, residence and disease of every pa- tient whom he shall have sick of any infectious or pestilential disease, within six hours after he shall have first visited such patient or discovered the infec- tious nature of the disease. the common council may provide by ordinance for the punishment of per- sons violating any of the provisions of this or the two preceding sections. sec. . all fines imposed under any ordinance passed under this title shall belong to the city, and when collected shall be paid into the treasury; and be devoted to the maintenance and support of the pest- house, or of any hospital hereafter established by the city. sec. . the common council shall have power to pass and enact such by-laws and ordinances as they from time to time shall deem necessary and city of ann arbor proper for the filling up, draining, cleansing and regu- lating any grounds, yards, basins, or cellars within the said city that shall be sunken, damp, foul, encum- bered with filth and rubbish, unwholesome, and for filling, or altering and amending all sinks and privies within the said city, and for directing the mode of constructing them in future, and to cause all such works as shall be necessary for the purpose aforesaid and for the preservation of the public health and the cleanliness of the city, to be executed and done at the expense of the city corporation, on account of the persons respectively upon whom the same may be assessed, and for that purpose cause the expenses thereof to be estimated, assessed and collected, and the lands charged therewith sold in case of non-pay- ment, the same as provided by law with respect to other improvements within said city, and in all cases when the said by-laws or ordinances shall require any- thing to be done in respect to the property of several persons, the expenses thereof may be included in one assessment, and the several houses and lots in respect to which such assessment shall have been incurred, shall be briefly described in the manner required by law in the assessment roll for the general expenses of the city, and the sum of money assessed to each owner or occupant of any such house or lot, shall be the amount of money expended in making such im- provement upon such premises, together with the ratable proportion of the expenses of assessing and collecting the money expended in making the improve- ments. sec. . whenever, in the opinion of the com- mon council, any building, fence or other erection of any kind, or part thereof, is liable to fall down, and persons or property may be endangered, they may order any owner or occupant of the premises on which said building, fence or other erection stands to take down the same or any part thereof within a reason- charter of the able time, to be fixed by said order, or immediately, as the ease may require, or may immediately, in case the order is not complied with, cause the same to be taken down at the expense of the city, on account of the owner of the premises, and assess the same on the land on which it stood. the order, if not immediate in its terms, may be served on any occupant of the premises or be published in the city papers, as the common council shall direct. sec. . the members of the board of health and the health officers shall receive such compensa- tion for their services as may be allowed by the com- mon council. finance and taxation. sec. . the common council shall examine, settle and allow all accounts and demands properly chargeable against the said city, as well of its officers as of other persons, and shall have authority to pro- vide means for the payment of the same, and for de- fraying the contingent expenses of the said city, sub- ject only to the limitation and restrictions in this act contained. the fiscal [year] shall commence on the first day of february in each year. sec. . the common council shall have author ity to assess, levy, and collect taxes on all the real and personal estate taxable in said city, which tax shall be and remain a lien upon the property so .assessed until the same shall be paid: provided, that the ag- gregate amount which the council may raise by gen- eral tax upon the taxable real and personal property for the purposes for which the several general funds are hereinafter constituted shall not, except as herein otherwise provided, exceed in any one year one-half of one per cent. on the assessed value of all the real and personal property in the city made taxable by law: and provided further, that nothing herein con- tained shall be so construed as to prohibit the com- city of ann arbor mon council of said city from regulating by tax or otherwise the business of dealing in malt, spirituous or intoxicating liquors. sec. .* the common council shall designate by ordinance the general funds into which the general tax upon all the property of the city shall be divided and the amount to be raised by tax for each of the general funds shall be determined by the common council prior to the tax levy and no transfer shall be made from one fund to another except by a three- fourths vote of all the members of the common coun- cil elect. sec. . it shall be the duty of the city assessor, as soon as possible after entering upon the duties of his office, to ascertain the taxable property of the city, and the persons to whom it should be assessed and their residence, and on or before the second mon- day in june each year he shall make and complete an assessment roll for each and every ward in said city, upon which he shall set down the names of persons liable to be taxed for personal property in the city, and also a full description of the real property liable to be taxed therein. in making such rolls he shall be governed by the general laws of the state provid- ing for the assessment of property and the levy and collection of taxes thereon, and shall have all the powers conferred upon the supervisors of townships. sec. . on the tuesday next following the second monday in june in each year, the board of review, consisting of the assessor and the supervisors of the several wards, shall meet at the common coun- cil room in said city, at which time the assessor shall submit to said board the several ward assessment rolls for the current year, as prepared by him, and the said board shall proceed to examine the same during such week, during at least six hours of each day thereof, *as amended june , . charter of the in the same manner, and with the same powers as provided by general law. a majority of the mem- bers of said board shall constitute a quorum. the assessor shall be chairman of said board and the city clerk shall act as clerk thereof. whenever said board shall raise the valuation of personal property above that set forth in the written statement furnished by any person to the supervisor or assessor it shall be the duty of said board of review, on the request of the person whose valuation is so raised, to make and deliver to such person a written statement signed by the chairman of said board, setting forth the kinds with the value thereof of such personal property as has been added by said board to such valuation. sec. . the said board of review shall also meet at the common council room on the third mon- day in june, at nine o'clock in the forenoon, and con tinue in open and public session during that day and the day following, and as much longer as may be necessary to complete the review of said assessment rolls, not to exceed four days in all, and not less than six hours each day, and at the request of any person whose property is assessed on said rolls, or of his agent, and on sufficient cause being shown, shall cor- rect the assessment in such manner as in their judg- ment will make the valuation thereof just and equal. to that end said board may examine on oath the per- son making such application, or any other person touching the matter. any member of said board may administer such oath. after said board shall com- plete the review of said rolls, a certificate to the effect that the same is the assessment roll for the ward therein named, for the year in which it has been pre- pared and approved by the board of review, shall be endorsed thereon, signed by the chairman and clerk of said board, which certificate may be in the form as follows: 'the board of review of the city of ann arbor certify that the within or annexed roll is the city of axx arbor assessment roll of the arbor for the year - ... ward of the city of ann -, as approved by said board. chairman clerk upon the completion of said rolls and their indorse- ment in the manner aforesaid, the same shall be con- clusively presumed by all courts and tribunals to be valid, and shall not be set aside except for causes pre- scribed by the general state law. the omission of such indorsement shall not affect the validity of such roll. sec. . for the purpose of equalization by the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw the said ward assessment rolls shall be deemed as a single roll; the valuation fixed and determined by said board shall be the valuation of the taxable prop- erty of the city of ann arbor as a unit, and the state, county and other taxes apportioned by said board shall be apportioned to said city and not to any ward thereof. sec. . whenever the common council shall deem it necessary to raise a greater sum in one ye:(c than provided for in section one hundred and seventy one ( ) they shall give at least five days' notice in writing to be posted up in at least five public places in each ward in said city, which notice shall state the time and place of such meeting, and shall specify the objects and purposes for which the moneys proposed to be raised are to be expended, and when such meet ing shall be assembled in pursuance of such notice the electors qualified to vote thereat by a ballot vote shall determine the amounts of the money which shall be raised for the objects specified in the notice: pr ;- vided, that the aggregate amount of city taxes levied shall not in any one year exceed one per cent. of the valuation of the real and personal estate taxabl? within the limits of the city: [and] provided also. charter of the that no more than two such meetings shall be held in any calendar year. the polls at any such meeting shall be kept open at least six hours, and the common council shall appoint three of its members to act as inspectors. the city clerk shall be the clerk of such meeting and shall keep a poll list of the electors voting. sec. . all state, county and school taxes in said city, and all city taxes which shall be raised by a general'tax, shall be levied and collected, as near as may be, in the same manner as provided by the law for the assessment and collection of taxes by town- ship officers; and all proceedings for the return, sale and redemption of real estate for non-payment of taxes, shall be in conformity with the proceedings for the return, sale and redemption of real estate as re- quired by the laws of this state. sec. t*j. whenever the common council shall authorize a tax to be levied for any special purpose, and which cannot be included in the assessment roll and collected and returned for non-payment, as pro- vided in the preceding section of this act, it shall be lawful for the common council to apportion such tax upon the property taxable for such purpose, accord- ing to the valuation contained in the then last assess- ment roll, and shall place the tax in a column oppo- site the valuation of the property; and where such roll is completed, the city clerk shall make and deliver a copy thereof to the treasurer of said city, together with a warrant or warrants, signed by the mayor and city clerk, commanding such treasurer to collect from the several persons named in said roll, opposite their respective names, within a time in said warrant speci- fied, not less than thirty days nor more than ninety days from the date thereof, together with a collection fee of one per cent, which said treasurer may add to each person's tax and collect therewith; and such warrant shall authorize the treasurer, in case any city of ann arbor person named in said roll shall neglect or refuse to pay his tax, with the collection fee above provided, to levy the same by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of such person; and it shall be the duty of such treasurer to collect such taxes within the time specified in such warrant, or within such further time as the common council may by resolution direct, and deliver such roll and warrant to the city clerk: and if any person shall neglect or refuse to pay the tax imposed upon him, the treasurer may levy the same by distress and sale of goods and chattels of such per- son in the same manner as township treasurers, and if any of the taxes mentioned in said roll shall remain unpaid, and the treasurer shall be unable to collect the same from the person taxed, he shall make out and deliver to the city clerk a full and perfect copy from said roll of the description of the premises so taxed, and of the taxes thereon unpaid, and shall add thereto an affidavit, sworn to before an officer author- ized to administer oaths for general purposes, that the sums mentioned in such statement remain unpaid, and that he has not, upon diligent search and inquiry, been able to discover any goods or chattels belonging to the person taxed, whereupon he could levy the same. sec. . the common council may by ordinance provide for the collection of all taxes necessary to be raised, other than such as may be raised as provided in section one hundred and seveuty-four [seventy- one ( ) ], and for the sale of any real estate for the non-payment of such tax, and for the redemption thereof: provided, that all the proceedings relative to the notice of sale, the manner of conducting the same and the time to redeem, shall be in conformity as near as may be to the provisions of law regulating the sale of lands delinquent [at] for state, county and township taxes. ioo charter of the sec. .* on or before the first monday in june in each year the city clerk shall certify to the assessor of said city the aggregate of all sums of money which the common council require to be raised for the year for all city purposes by general taxation, upon all the taxable property of the whole city and it shall no longer be necessary to certify the appropriations made by the common council to the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw. the assessor of said city shall levy upon all the taxable property of the city the aggregate amount of all such sums of money so certified to him, by the city clerk, to be raised for city purposes, placing the taxes in a column next adjoin- ing the column of valuation of property fixed by the board of review, and on or before the fifteenth day of july, the assessor shall deliver a certified copy of said assessment roll of the several wards, with the taxes entered therein as aforesaid, to the city treasurer, with his warrant for the collection of the tax thereon, annexed thereto. the warrant annexed to said tax rolls shall command the city treasurer to collect from the several persons named in said rolls the several sums set down in the column of city taxes, and such warrant shall authorize the city treasurer in case any person named in siich rolls shall neglect or refuse to pay his, her or their tax with the fees for collection, to be added by said treasurer as hereinafter provided, to levy the same by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of such person, as provided in the general tax laws of the state. the city treasurer shall imme- diately after the receipt of the several tax rolls, post up in the post-office in said city and in as many as ten of the most conspicuous places in each ward of said city, conspicuous hand-bills giving notice where the tax rolls can be seen, the taxes paid and receipt * as amended april , . city of ann arbor ioi obtained therefor, at any time between nine o'clock in the forenoon and twelve o'clock noon, and froni one o'clock until four o'clock in the afternoon, from the fifteenth day of july until the fifteenth day of august (sunday excepted) and the tax rolls shall 're kept at the place mentioned in such hand-bills during the days and hours specified so that any person or persons can pay the tax or taxes assessed against him or them and obtain the treasurer's receipt therefor. within one week after the fifteenth day of august the treasurer shall return to the city assessor the rolls received from him for the collection of the city taxes with the several taxes paid plainly stamped or marked paid in the column next adjoining the column for such city taxes. the city assessor shall carry out in another column the city taxes remaining unpaid witii five per cent. thereof added thereto, and shall include such taxes so carried out with such percentage added in the aggregate of taxes to be collected from the several persons on the said tax rolls. the assessor of said city shall on or before the first day of december, deliver to the city treasurer a copy of the corrected assessment rolls of the several wards with the taxas annexed to each valuation and aggregated in the last column thereof, the unpaid city taxes in one column, the school, library and schoolhouse taxes in another column, the county taxes in another and the state taxes in another column and the warrant for the col- lection shall specify particularly the several amounts and purposes for which said taxes are to be paid into the city, county and school treasury respectively. sec. . to such assessment roll or tax list the assessor shall annex a warrant, under his hand, directed to the city treasurer, commanding him to collect from the several persons named in said roll the several sums mentioned in the last column of such roll opposite their respective names; and such warrant shall authorize the treasurer, in case any charter of the person named in such roll shall neglect or refuse to pay his tax, with the fees for collection to be added by said treasurer, as hereinafter provided, to levy the same by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of such person. sec. . the city treasurer shall, immediately after the receipt of the several tax rolls, post up in the post-office in said city, and in as many as ten of the most public places in each ward of said city, con- spicuous hand-bills, giving notice where the tax rolls can be seen, the taxes paid, and a receipt obtained therefor, at any time between nine o'clock in the fore- noon and twelve o'clock, noon, and from one o'clock until four o'clock in the afternoon, during the month of december (sundays and christmas excepted); and the tax rolls shall be kept in the place mentione in such hand-bills during the days and hours above specified, so that any person or persons can pay the tax or taxes assessed against him or them, and obtain the treasurer's receipt therefor. sec. .* upon all taxes paid to the treasurer between the fifteenth day of july and the fifteenth day of august, he shall add one-half of one per cent. for collection fees; upon all taxes paid to the treas- , urer during the month of december he shall add one- half of one per cent, for collection fees; upon all taxes collected by him during january he shall add one and a half per cent. for such collection fees; and upon all taxes collected by him after january thirty-first he shall add two and a half per cent. for such collection fees, and collect such percentage with such tax in the same manner as he is authorized to collect the tax, and for the purpose of collecting such fees by the treasurer such percentage shall be deemed and taken to be a part of the tax. sec. . the treasurer of said city shall proceed *as amended april , . city of ann arbor to collect the taxes in the several wards, and on or before the first day of february shall account for and pay over to the county treasurer the amounts specified in the several warrants to be collected for state and county purposes, and shall return to the said county treasurer a statement of the taxes remaining unpaid and due, in the manner provided by law for township treasurers; and all the provisions of the laws of this state relating to the collection of taxes by township treasurers, or to the paying over of money by the township treasurers to the county treasurer or return- ing by the township treasurer to the county treasurer of a statement of the taxes remaining unpaid and due, are hereby made applicable to the treasurer of said city. sec. .* no bond, note or other obligation or evidence of indebtedness of said corporation, except orders on the treasurer, as hereinafter provided, and also except bonds for sewerage and paving purposes, shall ever be given or issued by said corporation, or by any officer thereof, in his official capacity, whereby the said city shall become obligated to pay any money, unless the same shall have been duly authorized by the legislature of this state, and shall have been sub- mitted to and voted for by a majority of the electors of said city voting thereon, in conformity to this act; but the common council may allow just claims against the city, and may issue orders therefor on the treas- urer, or payable on presentation from any moneys then in the treasury, on the first day of february thereafter; but such second named class of orders shall not, in any fiscal year, exceed the aggregate taxes levied in such year for the payment of the same. all moneys collected for the use of the city shall be paid into the city treasury, and no moneys shall be paid from the treasury unless it shall have been pre- * as amended may , . < io charter of the viously appropriated by the common council to the purpose for which it shall be drawn. the treasurer shall pay out no money except upon the written war- rant of the mayor and city clerk, which warrant shall specify the fund from which the money is to be paid: provided, that school moneys shall be paid to the treasurer of school district number one of the city of ann arbor upon the warrant of the president and secretary of said board. the common council may, at any regular meeting thereof, by resolution duly adopted by a majority of all the members elect author- ize the issuing of bonds to the amount not exceeding one hundred and fifty thousand dollars outstanding at any one time, for the purpose of paving any alley, street or streets in such city, such bonds to run for a period not exceeding ten years from the date of their issue, and at a rate of interest not exceeding five per cent. per annum, and the common council for the purpose of carrying out this provision may pass such ordinance or ordinances as may be deemed necessary. miscellaneous. sec. . the assessor and supervisor of each ward and city clerk shall at the time appointed in each year for the return of the several ward assess- ment rolls, make a list of persons to serve as petit jurors, and a list to serve as grand jurors for the ensuing year, of the qualifications and in the manner prescribed by law. sec. . any person who may be required to take any oath or affirmation, under or by virtue of any provision of this act, who shall, under such oath or affirmation, in any statement or affidavit, or other- wise, willfully swear falsely as to any material fact or matter, shall be deemed guilty of perjury. sec. . if any suit should be commenced against any person elected or appointed under this < city of ann arbor act to any office, for any act done or omitted to be done under such election or appointment, or against any person having done any thing or act by the com- mand of any such officer, and if final judgment be rendered in such suit, whereby any such defendant shall be entitled to costs, he shall recover double costs, in the manner defined by law. sec. . the common council of said city is hereby authorized and required to perform the same duties in and for said city as are by law imposed upon the township boards of the several townships of this state, in relation to school, school taxes, county and state taxes and state, district and county elec- tions; and the supervisors and assessors, justices of the pqace and city clerk, and all other officers of said city, who are required to perform the duties of town- ship officers of this state, shall take the oath, give the bond, perform like duties, and receive the same pay and in the same manner and be subject to the same liabilities, as provided for the corresponding town- ship officers, excepting as is otherwise provided "n this act, or as may be provided by the ordinances oi the common council. sec. . the ordinances now in force in the city of ann arbor shall remain in force until repealed altered or amended by the common council; and all property, rights, credits and effects of every kind, belonging to the city of ann arbor, shall be and re- main the property of the said city of ann arbor. sec. . all acts heretofore enacted in regard to the village of ann arbor, or the city of ann arbor, coming within the purview of this act, are hereby repealed: provided, that the repealing of said acts aforesaid shall not affect any act already done, or any right acquired under, or proceeding had or com- menced by virtue thereof, but the same shall remain as valid as if said acts remained in full force: and io charter of the provided further. that all persons now holding office in the city of ann arbor, under the acts hereby re- pealed, shall continue to hold and exercise the duties of such offices during the term for which they were respectively elected. sec. . this act shall not be construed so as to change, alter or annul any act heretofore passed for the organization or government of school district number one, of the city and township of ann arbor. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved march th, . •/ local acts, .—no. . an act to authorize and empower and enable the city of ann arbor to construct and maintain a system of sewers and to raise the necessary mon- ey therefor, and to legalize the proceedings and acts of the common council and officers of the city of ann arbor had by virtue of act number four hundred thirteen of the local acts of eighteen hun- dred ninety-three. section . the people of the state of mich if/an enact. that the city of aun arbor is hereby author- ized and empowered to construct and maintain a sys- tem of sewers within said city, and to require, under suitable penalties, all dwelling houses, hotels and other inhabited buildings situate in said city and adjacent to any part of said sewer system, to connect therewith; and to construct and maintain the outlet thereof in the huron river at any convenient place easterly from the michigan central railway com- pany's principal station house in the city of ann arbor. sec. . that all lateral and connecting sewers may be constructed at the cost and expense of the city of ann arbor lands, tenements and premises adjacent thereto and benefitted thereby, and the cost thereof may be levied on and assessed against snch lands, tenements and premises, and collected from the owners thereof by foot frontage, according to benefits, or by land values as the common council shall or may determine by ordinance. the common council shall have power and authority to make and ordain all needful rules, regulations and ordinances, which shall or may be necessary to enable said city to construct, maintain and protect such system of sewers, including all lat- eral and connecting sewers. sec. . the common council of said city is hereby authorized and empowered to raise by loan on the taxable property of said city a sum of money not exceeding one hundred and fifty thousand dollars for a period not longer than five years and at a rate of interest not greater than five per cent per annum for the purpose of enabling said city to construct said sewer system: provided. that not more than forty thousand dollars of such bonded indebtedness shall be outstanding at any one time. sec. i. the common council shall assess the cost of the construction of all lateral and connecting sewers (excepting street crossing, which shall be a charge against the general sewer fund i upon all the property adjacent thereto as aforesaid, and all such assessments, with the interest thereon, shall remain a valid lien upon and against such premises so taxed and a valid debt and charge against the owner thereof until paid, and all such taxes and assessments shall be paid by the owner or person against whom the same may have been assessed in equal annual install- ments during a period not exceeding five years from the date of such levy and assessment, with interest thereon at the same rate not exceeding five per cent., which shall be stated in the bonded indebtedness created therefor: provided. that any person may io charter of the elect and pay the whole of any such assessment at any time, paying all accrued interest thereon, and all such payments shall be credited to the particular sewer fund for the construction of which the same may have been levied, and shall be applied to pay the particular bonds issued therefor. sec. . it shall be lawful for and the common council shall on or before the fourth monday in june in each year certify to the city assessor the sum or sums of money required to pay for all the laterals and connecting sewers which they require to be raised on the tax roll of that year, together with a descrip- tion of the lands and premises to be taxed for the same, and the city assessor shall place on the city tax roll of that year all such sum or sums so required to be raised, according to the provisions of the ordi- nances of said city, placing said sewer tax in a sepa- rate column on said tax roll, and said sum or sums of money so set down and spread upon such tax roll shall be, remain and continue a valid debt, demand and tax against the owners of the lands and premises, and a valid tax on and against the lands, tenements and premises in front of or adjacent to which any such lateral or connecting sewer may have been constructed, and shall be collected in the same manner in every particular as the other city taxes set down in and spread upon such tax rolls are col- lected. sec. . that the proceedings and acts of the common council and officers of the city of ann arbor, in the county of washtenaw, heretofore taken and had by virtue of the provisions of act number four hundred and thirteen of the local acts of michigan of eighteen hundred and ninety-three, be and the same are hereby declared to be in all things valid and legal. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved march , . city of ann arbor log local acts, .—no. . an act to authorize the common council of the city of ann arbor, washtenaw county, by ordinance, to enter into a contract not exceeding five years with any electric or gas light company to furnish electric or gas lights for its streets, public build- ings and public places. section . the people of the state of michigan enact, that the common council of the city of ann arbor, in the county of washtenaw, shall have power by ordinance, to enter into a contract not exceeding five years with any electric or gas light company to furnish electric or gas lights for its streets, public buildings and public places. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved april , . local acts, .—no. . an act to authorize the city of ann arbor to raise twenty-five thousand dollars for a hospital. section . the people of the state of michigan enact, that the common council of the city of ann arbor is hereby authorized and empowered to raise by tax upon the taxable property in said city, or by part tax and part loan, the sum of twenty-five thou- sand dollars to aid in the erection and furnishing of a hospital to be placed under the control of the re- gents of the university of michigan, and to be known as the "university hospital"; provided, that no tax shall be levied or loan made for such purpose until the same shall have been authorized by a vote of the electors of said city, at a meeting to be convened pur- suant to notice given asjn such cases by the charter of said city provided: and provided f urther, that no tax shall be levied or bonds issued until the legisla- i io charter of the ture now in session shall have appropriated the sum of fifty thousand dollars for said hospital. sec. . any loan negotiated for the purpose authorized in the preceding section, may be made pay- able in such installments and within such time not exceeding ten years from date thereof, as the common council shall determine, and shall bear interest not exceeding four per cent per annum; and annually the common council may raise by tax as hereinbefore pro- vided, a sufficient sum to pay the next installment of said loan to become due, with the interest on all of said loan unpaid, which sum may be in addition to the tax said common council may levy without a vote of the electors of said city. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved march , . local acts, .—no. . an act to authorize and enable the city of ann arbor to build and construct a suitable building for a city hall, to purchase land therefor and to raise the money for such purpose by a tax and loan. the people of the state of michigan enact: section . the city of ann arbor is hereby authorized and empowered to build, construct and maintain a suitable building for a city hall, to pur- chase land therefor and to raise by tax or loan on the taxable property of the said city a sum of money not exceeding thirty thousand dollars for such pur- pose. sec. . whenever the common council shall pro- pose to cause any such city hall building to be con- structed they shall so declare by resolution, specify- ing the sum of money purposed to be expended for city of ann arbor ill that purpose, to be passed by at least a two-thirds vote of all the aldermen elect and shall cause such resolution to be entered in the record of their pro- ceedings, whereupon the common council may at the then or next regular meeting have power and author- ity to call a special meeting of the qualified electors of the city pursuant to the provisions of the charter, and shall submit to the said electors the questions of raising the money for such purpose by loan or other- wise. the vote of the said electors on such question shall be by ballot. the ballot shall be printed on white paper of equal length and width. the affirma- tive ballot shall have printed thereon the words "for the city hall loan—yes." the negative ballots shall have printed thereon the words "for the city hall loan—no." the canvass of the vote and the deter- mination of the result of such election shall be in accordance with the provisions of the city charter: provided, however, that nothing in this act contained or in the city charter shall be construed to prevent the common council in its discretion to order the vote at such election and the question submitted to be voted on and determined by the use of the abbott voting machine. in the event of the use of the abbott voting machine all "no choice" votes shall be disre- garded and not counted. sec. . if the electors at said election shall vote to authorize the construction of such city hall build- ing then the common council shall have power and authority to issue and dispose of the bonds of the city of ann arbor in a sum not exceeding thirty thousand dollars for such purpose. the said bonds to be issued in such denominations and payable at such times and in such installments not exceeding thirty years and at a rate of interest not exceeding four per cent. per annum as the common council shall determine: pro- vided, that none of said bonds shall be sold or dis- posed of for less than par value. charter of the m sec. . after the sale and disposition of the said bonds or any part thereof the common council shall have power and authority and it shall be the duty of the common council to include in each annual tax bill or budget a sum of money sufficient to pay and discharge any sum either of interest or principal which shall be due or become due on account of the said bonds during the year in which any such tax is raised and all such sums of money so to be levied and assessed shall be in addition to and in excess of the money authorized by law to be levied and raised for all other city purposes. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved february , . local acts, .—no. . an act to authorize the city of ann arbor to pur- chase the water-works plant, property, rights and franchises of the ann arbor water company and issue the bonds of the said city in payment there- for. j the people of the state of michigan enact: section . the city of ann arbor may borrow money and issue the bonds of the said city therefor in any sum not exceeding four hundred and fifty thou- sand dollars for the purpose of purchasing the water- works plant, property, rights, business and franchises, and all appurtenances thereto, of the ann arbor water company. the common council of the said city shall have power to fix the time and place of the payment of the principal and interest of the debt authorized by this act, and may authorize the issue of the bonds of the said city therefor in any sum not exceeding four hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and in such denominations as the said common coun- cil shall determine: provided, that the bonds auth- city of ann arbor orized by this act shall not be sold for less than the par value thereof and the rate of interest thereon shall not exceed four per cent. per annum. sec. . before any money shall be borrowed, appropriated, raised or expended for the purchase of the said water-works plant, property, business, rights and franchises, the common council of the said city shall determine and agree with the ann arbor water company upon the sum to be paid the said water company by the said city, for the said water-works plant, property, business, rights and franchises, and all appurtenances thereto, as the fair value thereof, and the question of purchasing the said water-works plant at the sum so determined and agreed upon as the fair value thereof shall be submitted to the elec- tors of the said city at the next annual city election, or at a special election called for that purpose, and if a majority of the electors voting upon the said question shall vote to purchase the said water-works plant at the sum determined and agreed upon, then it shall be the duty of the said common council to authorize the issue of the bonds of the said city in the sum so determined, as the same shall be necessary, and to do all things necessary to consummate the purchase and transfer of the water-works plant, prop- erty, business, rights and franchises, and all appur- tenances thereto, of the ann arbor water company to the said city of ann arbor: provided, that should the said question be submitted to the electors of the said city at a special election, such election shall be conducted under the provisions of the charter of the city of ann arbor relating to elections, except that nothing therein contained shall prevent the common council of the said city from authorizing the votes cast upon the said question, whether at an annual or special election, to be voted, registered and counted upon the abbott voting machine, and in the event of the use of the abbott voting machine no "no choice" ii charter of the votes shall be counted, but shall be regarded as not cast. sec. . the common council of the said city shall have the power, and it shall be their duty, to rais? by tax upon the taxable property of the said city, such sum or sums as shall be sufficient, together with the surplus revenues from the operation of the said water-works, to pay the principal and interest upon the said bonds as the same shall become due and pay- able; and all taxes levied for this purpose shall be in excess and in addition to any sum or sums authorized to be levied under and by virtue of the charter of the said city for general purposes. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved february , . local acts, .—no. . an act to authorize and enable the city of ann ar- bor to build, construct and install a garbage cre- matory or plant, to purchase land, machinery and appurtenances therefor and to raise the money for such purpose by tax or loan. the people of the state of michigan enact: sec. . the city of ann arbor is hereby author- ized and empowered to build, construct and install a garbage crematory or plant, to purchase land, ma- chinery and appurtenances therefor and to raise by tax or loan on the taxable property of the said city a sum of money not exceeding ten thousand dollars for such purpose. sec. . whenever the common council shall pro- pose to cause any such garbage crematory or plant to be built, constructed and installed they shall so de- clare by resolution, specifying the sum of money pro- posed to be expended for that purpose, to be passed city op axx arbor by at least a two-thirds vote of all the aldermen elect and shall cause such resolution to be entered in the record of their proceedings, whereupon the common council may, at the then or the next regular meeting, have power and authority to call a special meeting of the qualified electors of the city pursuant to the pro- visions of the charter, and shall submit to the said electors the question of raising the money for such purpose by loan or otherwise; and the common coun- cil may submit said question to said electors at any annual city or general election. the vote of said elec- tors on such question shall be by ballot. the ballot shall be printed on white paper of equal length and width. the affirmative ballot shall have printed thereon the words, "for the garbage crematory plant loan—yes." the negative ballots shall have printed thereon the words, "for the garbage crema- tory or plant loan—no." the canvass of the vote and the determination of the result of such election shall be in accordance with the provisions of the city charter: provided, however, that nothing in this act contained, or in the city charter, shall be con- strued to prevent the common council, in its discre tion, to order the vote at such election, and the ques- tion submitted to be voted on and determined by the use of the abbott voting machine. in the event of the use of the abbott voting machine all "no choice" votes shall be disregarded and not counted. sec. . if the electors at the said election shall vote to authorize the building, construction and in- stallation of such garbage crematory or plant, then the common council shall have power and authority to issue and dispose of the bonds of the city of ann arbor in a sum not exceeding ten thousand dollars for such purpose; the said bonds to be issued in such denominations and payable at such times and in such installments, not exceeding thirty years, and at a rate of interest not exceeding four per cent per an- n charter of the num, as the common council shall determine: pro- vided, that none of the said bonds shall be sold or disposed of for less than par value. sec. . after the sale and disposition of said bonds, or any part thereof, the common council shall have power and authority, and it shall be the duty of the common council to include in each annual tax bill or budget a sum of money sufficient to pay and discharge any sum either of interest or principal, which shall be due or become due on account of the said bonds during the year in which any such tax is raised; and all such sums of money so to be levied and assessed shall be in addition to and in excess of the money authorized by law to be levied and raised for all other city purposes. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved may , . ordinances of the city of ann arbor streets. an ordinance relative to the use of streets and other public places. (passed nov. , ; approved nov. , ; amended june , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that whenever any sidewalk in any street, alley, or other public place of this city, shall be obstructed or encumbered by reason of any snow, ice, water, slush, mud, dirt, filth, rubbish, leaves, sand, brick, stones, mortar, lumber, building materials, coal, wood, boxes, barrels, crates, packages, posts, stands, show cases, advertising devices, storm doors, stair- ways, railings, signs, awnings, or any other thing, arti- cle or substance which may have fallen, formed, ac- cumulated or been placed, dropped, delivered, erected or suspended upon or over the said sidewalk, it shall be the duty of the owner or occupant of the premises adjacent to and abutting upon the said sidewalk, and the said owner or occupant is hereby required, to re- move the said encumbrance or obstruction, or cause the same to be removed, or effect such other disposal thereof as shall be hereinafter set forth; and the said n ordinances of the owner or occupant shall keep and maintain the said sidewalk free and clear of all encumbrances and ob- structions and at all times safe and convenient for the use of the public except as hereinafter provided. sec. . that whenever any snow shall fall or drift on or across any sidewalk in any street or other public place of this city, the owner or occupant of the lot. building or other premises adjacent to or abutting upon said sidewalk, shall remove the said snow or cause the same to be removed within the periods of time herein limited, to-wit: snow that has accumu- lated in or during the night time shall be removed by eight o'clock a. m. next morning; snow falling or drifting during the day shall be removed within two hours after the same shall have ceased to accumulate; and in case of a protracted snow or wind storm, the snow shall be cleared away from time to time during the day so that a convenient passage shall be kept and maintained open for travel, the said removals being effected as often as once in every four hours. sec. . that whenever any ice shall form on any sidewalk in any street or other public place in this city, the owner or occupant of the lot, building or other premises adjacent to and abutting upon the said sidewalk shall, if practicable, immediately re- move the said ice, or cause the same to be removed; provided that when immediate removal is impractica- ble, the said owner or occupant shall immediately cause salt or sand to be strewn upon the said ice in such a manner and in such quantities as to prevent the said sidewalks from being slippery and dangerous to pedestrians using the same, and the said ice shall be removed at the earliest possible moment thereafter. the use of sawdust or ashes for and instead of the said salt or sand is hereby expressly prohibited. sec. . that whenever leaves accumulate upon any sidewalk in any street, or other public place of city of ann arbor this city, in sufficient quantities to impede or obstruct public travel across or along the said sidewalk, the owner or occupant of the premises adjacent to and abutting upon the said sidewalk shall remove the said leaves or cause the same to be removed; and it is hereby permitted that the said leaves may be gathered in small heaps along the side of the street, or upon the said premises, and burned; provided that nothing herein contained shall be construed to in any degree modify, repeal or amend the provisions of an ordi- nance of this city entitled "an ordinance relative to fire limits and fires." sec. . it shall be the duty of the board of pub- lic works to take cognizance of any violation of the provisions of this ordinance, relative to the removal of obstructions from streets, alleys and sidewalks. and whenever the said board shall learn of any side- walk in any street, alley or other public place in this city being obstructed or encumbered contrary to the regulations herein contained, the said board shall im- mediately cause a written or printed notice to be served upon the person charged under this ordinance with the removal of the said obstruction or encum- brance. the said notice shall set forth the location of the sidewalk, the nature of the obstruction or en- cumbrance, and the premises by street and number or other sufficient designation, adjacent to and abutting upon the said sidewalk, and shall also prescribe the time after service within which the said sidewalk shall be cleared and made convenient for public travel, the said time in each case being fixed by the said board: provided, that one hour shall be the time fixed for the removal of snow, slush or ice, and that in no other case shall a longer period of time be allowed than twenty-four hours. the said notice may be served by handing a copy thereof to the owner or occupant of the premises therein designated, by leaving a copy ordinances of the at his or her last place of residence, or by posting a copy in a conspicuous place upon the premises. the officer or servant of the said board of public works, serving the said notice, shall indorse the day and hour of service, and the manner thereof, upon the said no- tice; and shall return a copy of the said notice to the office of the city clerk with the said day, hour and manner of service duly certified thereon. in case the said sidewalk be not cleared within the time limited in the said notice, the said board shall proceed forth- with to remove the said obstruction or incumbrance at the expense of this city, and a statement of such expense shall be filed in the office of the city clerk along with the return copy of said notice. for the removal of snow the said board are hereby permitted to pay not to exceed the following prices: from before premises having a frontage on the street of four rods or less, twenty live cents; from before premises having a greater frontage than four rods, twenty-five cents and five cents ft;r each additional rod or fraction thereof above four rods. the owner or occupant of any lot, building or premises adjacent to or abutting upon any sidewalk that shall have been cleared of obstructions or encumbrances by the said board of public works in the manner herein prescribed, shall be entitled to pay the said expenses of said clearance, with ten per cent. added thereto for collection, at the office of the city clerk, who is hereby authorized to receive the same and to receipt therefor in the name of the city, at any time prior to the first monday in june next succeeding the date of the notice served in the case. upon said first monday in june of each year the city clerk shall certify to the city assessor a list of all such charges remaining unpaid for the current year, and the city assessor shall enter the said charges upon the tax roll of the proper district as a special assessment against the respective lots or parcels of land specified in said list, and the said city of ann arbor charges shall be added to the total of city taxes levied upon the said lots or parcels of land for the same year, and shall be a lien upon the same, according to the provisions of section of the charter of this city. and such further proceedings shall be had as are further set forth and permitted by the said section . sec. . no person, firm or corporation shall plow, shovel, brush or heap up any snow, ice, sand, gravel or other material, in or upon any street, alley or other public place of this city, into ridges or piles, except along the sides of the said street pending the imme- diate removal of the said material, unless the board of public works shall have previously given formal permission therefor. in all cases when it becomes necessary that snow, ice, sand, gravel or other mat- erials be shoveled, brushed, plowed or moved about in or upon any street, alley or other public place in this city, it shall be done in such a manner as to leave a smooth and level surface, and so that public travel shall not be impeded or obstructed thereby. sec. . merchants and other persons doing busi- ness in permanent locations in this city that are adja- cent to and abut upon sidewalks of a greater width than ten feet, are herebj permitted to use the inner portion of the sidewalk along the front, rear or side of the premises owned or occupied by them, for the purpose of displaying or advertising their goods, wares or merchandise, or for such other purposes as shall be hereinafter specified, but no stand, showcase, sign or other device, article or thing used or intended for said purpose shall be built, placed, set out or sus- pended on or over the said sidewalk so as to extend into the street or encroach upon the sidewalk for a greater distance than three feet, measured from the line of the street. and no balcony or balustrade shall be built or attached to any building so that any part of the i ordinances of the same or the supports thereto shall extend into the street a greater distance than three feet. and no stairway leading upwards from any sidewalk in any street or other public place of this city shall be built, placed or permitted to remain so as to encroach upon the width of the sidewalk for more than three feet measured from the line of the street. the said mer- chants and others occupying permanent business loca- tions shall be permitted to construct openings in side- walks along the front, rear or side of their said loca- tions, of a greater width than ten feet, to admit of the delivery of fuel into basement areas under said sidewalks for the admission of light and air to such areas or to the basements of store buildings, or for a stairway leading down into said area or basement: provided, that openings for the delivery of fuel, when made more than three feet from the inner line of the said sidewalk, shall be not greater than eighteen inches in diameter, [be] circular in form, and be effectually closed when not in actual use by an iron cover, set flush with the surface of the sidewalk, level therewith, and securely locked in place; all other openings shall be so constructed as not to encroach upon the width of the sidewalk for a distance of more than three feet, measured from the inner line of the sidewalk. openings for stairways shall be protected by iron railings not less than three feet in height, with a gate to close the entrance to the stairs, which shall be kept closed at all hours of the day or night when the place of business connected therewith shall be closed, but all such stairways kept open at night shall be well lighted at the top. all other openings in sidewalks shall be closed and protected either by substantial iron gratings or illuminated pavement so placed as to be flush witli the surface of the sidewalk, and level therewith. the said merchants and others shall further be permitted to set up and maintain storm doors upon the sidewalks of the width afore- city of ann arbor said, from november to march inclusive during the winter: provided, that no storm door shall be placed so as to encroach upon the width of the sidewalk for more than three feet. the said merchants and others shall also be permitted to suspend movable awnings from the front of their respective places of business so that the said awnings when lowered extend out into the street for any convenient distance not to exceed six feet: provided, that no such awning shall be so suspended that any part or attachment thereof shall ever be less than seven feet in a vertical line above the surface of the sidewalk. no person, firm or corpora- tion shall be hereafter permitted to construct a per- manent awning, portico, or covered approach to any building or place of business in this city, of wood, iron or any other material, that shall extend into the street for a greater distance than three feet. sec. . no person shall cause or permit any horse, cow, sheep, hog, mule, or other similar animal, or any cart, carriage, dray, hack, cutter, or other vehicle under his or her care or control, to go upon any side walk in any street, alley or other public place in this city, except for the purpose of leaving or entering yards or buildings at such places as are regularly in- tended for such purpose. no person shall permit any horse, cow, sheep, hog, mule, or other similar animal, or wagon, cart, dray, carriage, cutter, sled or other vehicle to halt or remain upon any sidewalk or cross- walk so as to obstruct or impede public travel thereon. nor shall any person make use of any sidewalk in any street, alley or other public place in this city for skat- ing, or for coasting with sleds, or for riding or going from place to place with bicycles or velocipedes: provided, that nothing herein contained shall be con- strued to prevent the customary use of baby carriages upon sidewalks, and children under the age of six years are hereby especially excepted from the opera- ordinances of the tion of the provision concerning bicycles and veloci- pedes. sec. . any person owning or occupying any per- manent business location adjacent to and abutting upon any sidewalk in any street, alley or other public place in this city, of a width not less than ten feet, is hereby permitted to construct and maintain an area or other excavation under the said sidewalk: pro- vided, that the said excavation shall not be of a greater width than the said sidewalk, shall not exceed twelve feet in depth and shall be inclosed by a good and sufficient stone wall so built as to firmly support the said sidewalk and to prevent any caving or settling of the street. sec. . no horse, cow, mule, goat, sheep, hog or other similar animal, either singly or in herds or droves shall be permitted to go at large in any street, alley or other public place in this city, by the owner or person having the care or control of said animal, or animals, nor to stand in any such public place without being securely hitched; nor shall any such animals be herded together or fed in any street or public place, nor shall any trough, feed-box or any other device for feeding such animals be set up in any of the public streets or places; nor shall any of said animals or any team or wagon or carriage, hack, dray, delivery wagon, cutter, sled, or other vehicle, be halted or permitted to stand so as to obstruct or impede pub- lic travel across or along any street, alley or other public place, unnecessarily; and the person having the care or control of any animal or animals, team or vehicle, shall always halt the same so as to impede or obstruct public travel as little as possible. no stal- lion, jackass, bull or other similar animal shall be exhibited in any street, alley or other public place in this city, nor kept within the limits of this city for the purpose of generation, except in an enclosed and city of ann arbor covered building, and in such a manner as not to cause a nuisance. sec. . no person shall, by means of a rope, pulley, tackle, windlass or other device, appliance or mechanism, cause any box, bale, cask, crate, building materials or any other thing, article or substance, tc be raised or lowered between any store, loft, room, or building, and any street, alley or other public place of this city, unless by special permission of the board of public works. sec. . no person shall permit or cause any stones, brick, sand, gravel, lumber, building materials, coal, wood, boxes, barrels, bundles, ice, paper, wire, glass, tacks, rubbish or any other thing, article or substance to be dropped, delivered, left, scattered, or piled up in any street, alley or other public place in this city, except in such quantities and in such a man- ner as may be permitted by the board of public works for building purposes; and any person driving any delivery wagon, dray, cart, sled, or other vehicle shall be responsible for his load that no part thereof, or any article or substance hauled or conveyed by him, shall fall or remain in or be scattered about upon any street, alley or other public place of this city. sec. . no person, firm or corporation shall use or occupy any portion of any street, alley, lane or other public place of this city for building purposes, without previously obtaining a permit therefor from the board of public works. to obtain said permit the said person, firm or corporation, shall file an appli- cation in writing with the said board, setting forth the premises upon which the said building is to be performed, the extent of the work to be done, and the probable length of time that the street will need to be obstructed or encumbered, and if required by the said board, the said applicant shall also file a bond in any sum, not to exceed two thousand dollars, as ordinances of the shall be fixed by the said board, with two or more resident sureties, conditioned that the said applicant shall faithfully observe all requirements of this city relative to the care and handling of building materials in the street, shall indemnify and save harmless the said city from any and all damages or actions at law that may arise or be brought on account of the pres- ence of the said building materials in the street, and the said bond shall contain such further conditions as shall seem proper to the said board and the city attorney. and any person using or occupying any portion of any street, alley, lane or other public place of this city for building purposes shall restore and renew any pavement, crosswalk, sidewalk, curbing or street surface, disturbed, injured or destroyed by rea- son of said building, to ji first-class condition satis- factory to the said board of public works, within ten days after said building shall have been completed. the permit of the said board of public works shall designate the amount of space to be occupied, and the length of time, and whether the sidewalk is to be ob- structed, provided that no such permit shall allow more than half the width of the street to be obstructed or encumbered by the said building materials, and the said building materials shall be placed in the street within the limits prescribed by the said permit, and removed within the period of time therein speci- fied, and when the said permit allows the sidewalk to be obstructed, the person obtaining the same shall cause a temporary sidewalk to be built and main- tained around the space set forth to be occupied by the said materials, not less than three feet in width and safe and convenient for public travel, satisfactory to the said board, but no such materials shall be so placed as to obstruct the free flow of surface water along the gutter of the street. sec. . no person, firm or corporation shall make any excavation in any street, alley or other pub- city of ann arbor he place of this city, or tear up, remove or encumber any sidewalk, crosswalk, curbing, pavement or street surface therein, without first obtaining a permit there- for from the board of public works. to obtain the said permit the said person, firm or corporation shall submit an application in writing to the said board, which shall fully set forth the extent, nature, purpose and location of the proposed operations in the street; and if so required by the said board the said applicant shall also file a bond with two or more sufficient sure- ties, in a reasonable sum not to exceed ten thousand dollars to be fixed by the said board, conditioned that the said applicant will obey all rules and regulations of this city relative to the protection of excavations and piles of materials in the street, will protect and save harmless the said city from all damages or actions at law, that may arise or be brought on account of the presence of the said excavations or piles of materials in the said streets, or on account of any negligence in the protection or handling of the same, and that the said applicant will prosecute the proposed work with due diligence, and will promptly restore all side- walks, crosswalks, curbing, pavement or street surface removed, injured or encumbered, to a perfect condi- tion, satisfactory to the said board of public works: and the said bond shall contain such other conditions as shall seem proper to the said board or the city- attorney. the permit shall prescribe the time within w hich the work described in the said application shall be completed, and the length of time thereafter within which the streets and sidewalks shall be restored to perfect condition, and shall contain such other re- quirements as shall seem appropriate in the case to the said board; and the said applicant shall complete the said work and affect the restoration of the streets and sidewalks within the time limited in the said permit; and shall obey all other requirements of the said board of public works, and all rules and regula ordinances of the lions of this city relative to the protection of excava- tions and piles of materials in the streets, and rela- tive to the restoration of sidewalks, crosswalks, curb- ing, pavement or street surface torn up, injured or encumbered in said city. and any person, firm or corporation disturbing, removing, injuring or encum- bering any sidewalk, crosswalk, curbing, pavement or street surface in this city shall promptly restore the same to a perfect condition satisfactory to the board of public works. the ann arbor gas co. and the ann arbor water co. are hereby especially permitted to make excavations in the street for the stoppage of leaks in their mains, under the directions of the street commissioner. sec. . no person, firm or corporation shall move, transport or convey any building, car or other simi- lar bulky or heavy object into, across or along any street, alley or other public place of this city, with- out previously obtaining a permit from the board of public works therefor. to obtain the said permit the said person, firm or corporation shall submit an application in writing to the said board, in which shall be set forth the thing to be moved, the place from which it is to be removed, and the place to which it is to be taken, and the means to be used for its transpor- tation ; and the said applicant shall also if so required by the said board, file a bond in a sum to be fixed by the said board, said sum not to exceed one thousand dollars, with such conditions as the said board or city attorney shall deem proper in the premises, to protect the said city from any damages or actions at law that might arise or be brought on account of any negligence on the part of the said person, firm or cor- poration, in conducting the said removal, and to com- pel the restoration of any sidewalk, crosswalk, curb- ing, pavement or street surface disturbed, injured, re- moved, or encumbered in said process of removal to a city of ann arbor perfect condition, satisfactory to the said board. the permit of the said board of public works shall desig- nate the route to be followed through the streets of this city, and the time within which the said removal shall be effected and any necessary repairs upon the streets in consequence thereof completed. the said person, firm or corporation shall remove the said building or other bulky or heavy object, by the route designated by the said board, within the time limited in said permit, and in such a manner as to cause the least possible obstruction to public travel. no such building or other similar bulky or heavy object shall be halted for the night so as to obstruct any sidewalk or crosswalk, or in the intersection of streets, and any sidewalk, crosswalk, curbing, pavement or street surface disturbed, encumbered, or injured in the course of the said removal shall be promptly restored to a perfect condition, satisfactory to the said board of public works by the said person, firm or corpora- tion. sec. . whenever any excavation, pile of dirt, rubbish, or building material, any building or other bulkj' or heavy object, or any other thing, article or substance in such position, condition or quantity as to obstruct or be dangerous to public travel, shall be permitted to be and remain in any street, alley, lane or other public place in this city during the whole or any part: of the night time between the hours of sun- set or sunrise, the person or persons causing the said obstruction, or having the care or control thereof, shall cause the same to be protected by suitable bar- riers, satisfactory to the board of public works, and shall place a suitable number of red lights on or about the said obstruction and barriers to indicate its and their location and extent. and whenever pub- lic travel along or across any street or sidewalk of this city, is obstructed or prevented by reason of any work being in progress for the construction, repair ° ordinances of the or renewal of any sidewalk, crosswalk, curbing, pave- ment, or street surface, suitable barriers and lights satisfactory to the board of public works shall be maintained at and about the said place of obstruction, by the person having charge of the said work, between the hours of sunset and sunrise during the night. and when any street shall be wholly obstructed at any * point, barriers and lights shall be set up and main- tained at night at the nearest adjacent crosswalks thereto, upon each side of the said obstruction. sec. . no person shall ride or drive any horse, carriage, sleigh or other vehicle in or through any street or avenue of this city at a rate of speed faster than six miles an hour: provided, that the common council may by resolution designate a street within the limits of this city to be used as a place for the speeding of horses in winter. sec. .* on all residence streets, lawn extensions may be made which shall, however, not interfere with the width of roadways as follows: in all streets of the width of three rods the road- way shall be twenty-five feet wide extending twelve and one-half feet on either side of the center line of ihe said street. in all streets the width of four rods, the roadway shall be left thirty-four feet wide, extending seventeen feet on either side of the center line thereof; and all other streets the width of the roadway and of the lawn extension shall be regulated by special resolu- tion in each case: provided, that upon streets where- in street car tracks have been laid, the width of the road shall be made five feet greater than hereinbefore prescribed, the said roadway to be evenly divided by the center line of the street. the board of public works shall prescribe the width and mode of construction; provided further, * as amended june , . city of ann ahbor that the common council may change the width of the roadway of any street wherever said street shall be paved. sec. . the owner or occupant of any business or residence property in this city is hereby permitted to place, set or erect, on the outer sidewalk line in the business part of the city, and on the curbline in the residence portion thereof, hitching-posts of stone, wood or iron. said posts may be made to extend upwards to an elevation not to exceed twelve feet, and to support a small sign or advertising device, pro- vided that the said sign or device shall not extend more than two feet on either side of the said post, and shall not be less than eight feet above the surface of the sidewalk. permanent wooden signs extending across the whole width of the sidewalk, whether sup- ported or not at the outer end, shall not hereafter be erected in this city; but the mayor is hereby author- ized to grant special permission for cloth signs to be swung for short periods of time not to exceed ten days in any month, at an elevation not less than twenty feet above the surface of the street, between store buildings on opposite sides of the street. sec. . any person owning or occupying land adjoining any street not less than three rods wide, may plant or set out trees along the side of said street contiguous to his land, in regular rows, not more than twenty feet distant from each other and not more than ten feet from the property line of said street. no person shall hitch any horse, mule or other animal to any fruit, ornamental, shade, or other tree, grow- ing or standing in any street, alley or public place in said city; and no person shall, unless specially author- ized by the board of public works, cut down or dig up any tree growing or standing in any street, alley or public place in said city, or remove or carry away any earth, loam, gravel, sand or sod from any street, ordinances of the alley or public place without permission from said board of public works. sec. . any cellar or other excavation left un- covered by the burning or removal of the buildings therefrom, abutting upon and close to the line of the street, shall be surrounded, by the owner or occupant of the premises with a sufficient fence or barrier to prevent accidents. sec. . no person or persons shall play any game of nine or ten pins, ball, wicket or other such game, or throw about or bat any base ball, or throw or kick any foot ball, or fly any kite, in or about any street, alley or other public place of this city. sec. . the mayor is hereby authorized to order any procession or parade about to be undertaken or conducted in or through any street, or streets of this city, to be abandoned or to adopt a different route, whenever he shall in his discretion deem it desirable so to do. and no circus or theater troupe, or show or menagerie of any kind, shall parade in or about the streets of this city without first submitting their pro- posed line of march to the mayor, who shall change, amend or confirm the same, or order that the said parade do not proceed, as he in his discretion shall believe right and proper. sec. . no person for himself or another, shall post any bills, notices, or advertisements of any kind on any tree, tree-box or hitching post, or on any tele- graph, telephone, electric light or any other pole, oi on any sidewalk, crosswalk or bridge, or in any park or public grounds, or in or about the court house square in this city; nor shall any handbills, dodgers, or other forms of advertisements be distributed or thrown about in the streets, lanes, alleys or other pub lie places: provided, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to apply to legal notices, or to notices prescribed in the statutes of the state of city of ann arbor • michigan, or in the charter and ordinances of this city. sec. . it shall be the duty of the city attorney, or other legal adviser of the city, to insert in all con- tracts for paving or for constructing sewers, drains or reservoirs, or for doing any work whatever whereby accidents or injuries may occur in consequence of any neglect or carelessness on the part of the contractor, a covenant requiring the contractor to place and main- tain the barriers and lights provided for in section of this ordinance for the prevention of accidents, and to keep and save the city harmless and indemnified against all loss and damage which may be occasioned by reason of any negligence or carelessness in the manner of doing the work. in all cases where any person or persons shall perform any work, either under contracts with the city, or by virtue of any per- mission of the common council, or of any department or officer of the city, such person shall be liable to the city of ann arbor for any loss or damage which said city may sustain, and for all sums which it may have to pay to any person or persons, by reason of any loss or injury sustained in consequence of any carelessness or negligence in doing the work, or by reason of any neglect or failure to comply with the provisions of this ordinance, or other ordinances of this city. sec. . any person violating any of the pro- visions of this ordinance shall, on conviction thereof be punished by a fine not exceeding fifty dollars and costs; and in the imposition of any such fine and costs the court may make the further sentence that the offender be imprisoned in the common jail of the county of washtenaw, or the city lockup, until the payment thereof, provided the term of such imprison- ment shall not exceed the period of thirty days. ordinances of the this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. an ordinance establishing an official datum for all levels in the city of ann arbor. (passed november , .) be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that for the purpose of making and taking all levels for the establishment of grades of streets, roads, highways, lanes, alleys, sidewalks, gut- ters, crosswalks and all other grades in the city of ann arbor, an official datum is hereby established; and the elevation of mean tide at new york city is hereby declared to be the official datum of the city of ann arbor, and which elevation is . feet be- low the general city datum now in use which was adopted sept. d, , and perpetuated by action of the common council of said city, november th, , and at the last named date referred to the tops of four stone posts now standing at the four corners of the court house square; and the elevations on the tops of said stone posts directly over the letter "d" cut in each, above the said general city datum, being given in the record of said council proceedings of said last mentioned date, are as follows: . feet at the southwest cor. court house square; . feet at the southeast cor. court house square; . feet at the northeast cor. court house square; . feet at the northwest cor. court house square. that the corresponding elevations of the same points as determined by j. b. davis, city engineer, october th, , are as follows: . feet at the southwest cor. court house square; . feet at the southeast cor. court house square; . feet at the northeast cor. court house square; . feet at the northwest cor. court house square. city of ann arbor that the corresponding elevations of the same points at this time above mean tide new york city are here- by determined and established as follows: . feet at the southwest cor. court house square; . feet at the southeast cor. court house square; . feet at the northeast cor. court house square; . feet at the northwest cor. court house square. that the following are the determined and established elevations above mean tide new york city, in feet, of the following named places in the city of ann ar- bor: . top of water table southeast corner south wing university hall building. . top of water table northeast corner brick building west huron street, now used as a private hospital. . top of water table southwest corner brick dwelling of mr. cornwell, at the head of lawrence street and on the east side of north ingalls street. . top of water table northeast corner of st. thomas church. . top of east end of west door sill on south end old brick block, northwest corner broadway and mill street, fifth ward. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after its passage. an ordinance relative to naming streets. (passed march , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that the name of the highway here- tofore known as the plank lload, running north from the crossing of the toledo, ann arbor & northern michigan r. r. bridge with north main street to the ordinances of the city limits, shall hereafter be known and designated as north main street. sec. . that the names of the streets heretofore known as west seventh street, jewett avenue and mann street, are hereby changed, and such streets shall hereafter be known as seventh street. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore known as orleans street be and the same is hereby changed, and such street shall hereafter be known as south university avenue. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore known as pontiac street, running from main street northeast to the river bridge, be and the same is here- by changed, and such street shall hereafter be known and designated as beakes street. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore known as mill street, running from broadway west to washtenaw street, be and the same is hereby changed, and such street shall hereafter be known and designated as swift street. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore known as second street, running from felch street south to madison street, be and the same is hereby changed, and such street shall hereafter be known and designated as ashley street. sec. . that the street and highway running from charles street north to chubb road, shall here- after be designated and known as wildt street. sec. . that the highway heretofore known as. chubb road, shall hereafter be designated and known as chubb street. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore known and designated as fourth street is hereby changed, and said street shall hereafter be known and designated as fourth avenue. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore city of ann arbor known and designated as fifth street is hereby changed, and said street shall hereafter be known and designated as fifth avenue. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore known as brown street, in the fifth ward, is hereby changed, and shall hereafter be known as moore street. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore known as washtenaw street is hereby changed, and shall hereafter be known as wrighť street. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore known as elm street, in the first ward, is hereby changed, and shall hereafter be known and designated as lincoln street. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore known as bowery street is hereby changed, and shall hereafter be known as lawrence street. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore known as cemetery street is hereby changed, and shall hereafter be known as geddes avenue. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore known as liberty street, in the sixth ward, is hereby changed, and shall hereafter be known as belser street. sec. . that the name of the street heretofore known as high street, running from main street west to gott's addition, is hereby changed and shall here- after be known as summit street. sec. .* that the name of the streets, lying, northeasterly from washtenaw avenue and connect- ed with hill street, as now located, and heretofore called spring street and myrtle street, be and the same is hereby changed, and shall hereafter be named, known and called hill street, and considered as a * as amended march , . i « ordinances of the continuation of hill street, as now laid out and es- tablished. sec. .* that the name of the street heretofore known as wood street, running from hill street to oakland avenue, be and the same is hereby changed, and the said street shall hereafter be known and des- ignated as church street. sec. .* that the name of the street heretofore known as th street, running from fuller street to huron street, be'and the same is hereby changed and the said street shall hereafter be known and desig- nated as glen avenue. this ordinance shall take effect from and after legal publication. an ordinance relative to railroad crossings and speed of railroad trains. (passed march , ; approved march , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- da in: section . no railroad company owning or oper- ating any railroad running into or through said city, nor engineer, conductor, fireman, yardmaster or other agent, servant or employee of any such company, shall permit or cause any locomotive or other engine, car or cars, train of cars, or portion of a train of cars, or any machinery, apparatus or appli- ances belonging to, used by or in the care of the said railroad company or agent or servant, to halt, stand or continue in motion in, upon or across any street, alley or other public place of said city, so as to im- pede or obstruct public travel therein, for a longer period than five minutes at any one time. * sections and were originally passed as separate ordin- ances on january , and march , . city of ann arbor sec. . whenever the common council shall by resolution referring to this ordinance, declare that public safety requires a flagman to be stationed at any railroad crossing in this city, or that any rail- road crossing needs to be lighted at night, the rail- road company owning or operating the railroad mak- ing the said crossing shall, within thirty days there- after, place a flagman at the place so designated, or shall establish suitable means for lighting the same, and shall keep and maintain said flagman or light during such hours of the day or night as shall be required in the said resolution. the city clerk shall promptly mail a copy of any such resolution to the principal office in this state of the railroad company named therein, and shall also notify the local agent of said railroad company; and each and every day after the expiration of the said thirty days that the said crossing remains unprotected shall be regarded as constituting a separate and distinct violation of the provisions of this ordinance. sec. . no locomotive-engine, train of cars, or portion of a train of cars, shall be run forward or backward within the limits of this city, at a rate of speed greater than six miles an hour, while said en- gine or cars are within feet of any grade crossing of any street or alley of this city and approaching the same; and the bell of any locomotive shall be rung constantly while the said locomotive is in mo- tion within the limits of this city; but shall not be rung while said locomotive is standing. and no lo- comotive whistle shall be sounded within the limits of this city; except that all south bound trains on the ann arbor railroad shall whistle at all street crossings north of the huron river. sec. . any railroad company, or engineer, con- ductor, fireman, yardmaster, or other agent or em- ployee, owning or having in charge any locomotive- ordinances of the engine, car or cars, train of cars or portion of a train of cars, who shall violate any of the above provisions or neglect any of the requirements of this ordinance, shall on conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not less than five dollars or not to exceed with costs the sum of fifty dollars. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. an ordinance relative to numbering of dwelling houses and business places in the city of ann arbor. (passed may , ; approved may , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . all dwelling houses and business places now in the city of ann arbor, or which may hereafter be erected, shall be numbered in the man- ner prescribed in this ordinance. sec. . the numbering of such houses and places shall be in accordance with the following system and plan, known as the philadelphia, or hundred plan, whereby each block is given a number of one hundred more than the block next preceding. sec. . for the purpose of such numbering, the city of ann arbor shall be divided north and south by huron street, and east and west by main street. sec. . all vacant lots, or unplatted land, shall be assigned numbers in accordance with the general plan herein provided for. sec. . for the purpose of numbering, each feet of frontage shall be considered a lot, and as- signed a number, and whenever the occupancy is not in harmony therewith, the occupancy shall be assign- ed the number of the lot, the greater portion of which city of ann arboe is included in such occupancy. provided, that when- ever a portion of a lot is occupied separately, it shall be numbered the same as the last preceding number with the fraction one-half added. sec. . the numbering of all streets running in a northerly or southerly direction from huron street shall begin at huron street to number, and in case such street does not cross or commence at huron street, the numbering shall commence at the terminal point of such street nearest huron street, but with a number which shall correspond with the numbering of streets which cross or commence at huron street. sec. . the numbering of all streets running in an easterly or westerly direction from main street, shall begin at main street to number; and in case such street does not cross or commence at main street, the numbering shall commence at the terminal point of such street nearest main street, but with a number which shall correspond with the numbering of streets which cross or commence at main street. sec. . in all cases where streets are considered in the general plan of numbering and do not inter- sect or enter streets where the numbering of the block should change; the frontage of the center lines of such non-intersecting streets extended shall be con- sidered as streets for the purpose of numbering un- der this ordinance, except that in case a center line so extended shall run on or near the line of an alley or other street when such alley or other street shall be considered such center line. sec. . commencing at the initial points at main street and huron street, the first feet frontage on the right shall be , the feet frontage opposite shall be , and so on through the first block. the second block shall be numbered in the same manner as the first, except that another shall be added to each number therein, the same being known i ordinances of the as the block; the third block to be numbered in the same manner as the second, except that another one hundred shall be added to each number therein, the same being known as the block; and so on, adding one hundred for each additional block from the dividing street, as the numbering progresses. sec. . the numbers herein provided for shall be securely fastened or inscribed in a conspicuous place in front of or over the entrance of each building entitled under this ordinance to such numbering, and all numbers furnished by the city must be of the same uniform pattern and not less than two inches in length. sec. . the word street, or streets, as used in this ordinance shall be considered to embrace both streets and avenues. sec. . the original numbering of the city ac-~ cording to the provisions of this ordinance shall be done between the first day of july, , and the first day of september following. the work of such original renumbering shall be done by the engineering department, and the general plan shall be under the supervision of the city clerk. sec. . the city of ann arbor shall, at its own expense, procure and fasten up suitable figures so as to complete the numbering of buildings in the city in accordance with the provisions of this ordinance, and for that purpose its agents or employes therefor may go upon the premises of all persons without let or hinderance: provided, that all citizens desiring to do so may procure and fasten up, or inscribe such number at their own expense, but the same must be done under the general plan herein provided, and un- der the direction and to the satisfaction of the city clerk. sec. . whenever any building, or occupancy, or premises, shall have been so numbered as herein city of ann arbojj h provided, and shall hereafter be without a number, or shall have the wrong number affixed or inscribed thereon, or whenever any new building shall be built, or new occupancy commenced in the city, which under the provisions of this ordinance requires a number, it shall be the duty of the owner or occupant thereof to procure and affix, or inscribe the proper number thereon at his own expense. sec. . whenever the common council of said city shall direct any person to number or renumber any building, occupancy or premises, under the pro- visions of this ordinance, the city clerk shall notify the owner or occupant to that effect in writing, and should such owner or occupant refuse so to do for ten days after service of such notice, he shall be deem- ed to have violated this ordinance, and each ten days such person shall refuse or neglect so to do after no- tice as aforesaid, it shall be deemed a new violation thereof, and he may be prosecuted separately, and the fines and penalties hereinafter provided imposed for each such violation. sec. . any person injuring, defacing or remov- ing the numbers or any portion thereof, on any build- ing, or occupancy, or premises, required by the pro- visions of this ordinance, whether he be the owner or occupant of said building, occupancy or premises on which the same is placed or not, shall be deemed to have violated this ordinance. sec. . any person who shall hinder, interfere with, obstruct or prevent the city of ann arbor, its agents, or employes, from putting up, affixing or in- scribing any number or numbers required by this or- dinance shall be deemed to have violated the same. sec. . any violation of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine not exceeding thirty dollars and costs of prosecution, or by imprisonment in the coun- ty jail, or lockup of said city, not exceeding thirty ordinances of the days or by both fine and imprisonment in the discre- tion of the court; and in case a fine is imposed with- out imprisonment, the court may make a further sen- tence that the offender be imprisoned in the county jail of washtenaw county, or any jail or lockup of said city until such fine and costs are paid: pro- vided, such imprisonment shall not exceed thirty days. sec. . all ordinances or parts of ordinances conflicting with any of the provisions of this ordinance are hereby repealed. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after ten days from legal publication. an ordinance relative to street sprinkling and provid- ing a method of raising by taxation the money to pay and defray the costs and expenses thereof. (passed july , ; approved august , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . there shall be and hereby is established a system and method of sprinkling the streets of the city of ann arbor, and it shall be the duty of any and every person, firm or corporation, who shall obtain a contract for street sprinkling under the provisions of this ordinance, and as well all sub-contractors, to well, and at all times sufficiently, wet down and sprin- kle from curb line to curb line any and all streets or parts of streets mentioned in any such contract so that the dust in and on any such street or streets shall be at all times sufficiently laid. sec. . that whenever the common council shall or may deem it necessary that any particular street, streets or parts of streets within the limits of the city city of ann arbor of ann arbor, should be wet down or sprinkled to the end that the health and comfort of the people may be thereby conserved, the said common council shall so declare by resolution and shall fix and deter- mine the street or streets to be wet down and sprink- led, and shall in the same resolution fix and determine the district or part of the city benefitted thereby, and which shall be assessed and taxed to pay, defray and discharge the cost and expense thereof. sec. . that after any such sprinkling and tax- ing district shall be fixed and determined by the com- mon council, and whenever the common council shall be requested in writing by way of petition by a ma- jority of the foot frontage owners of the taxable lands in any such .sprinkling and taxing district, it shall be the duty of the common council to direct the [board of] public works to advertise for tenders and let by contract to the lowest responsible bidder, the work of sprinkling any such streets, and all of the streets in any such street sprinkling district, the contractor to furnish and provide all of the work, labor, teams, tools, implements and material needful or necessary to carry on and conduct the said work of street sprink- ling, in a good and workmanlike manner, the contrac- tor to execute a contract for such work and to secure the faithful performance of the same by a bond with sufficient surety, or sureties, all such contracts, bonds and the sureties thereof to be approved by the board of public works. sec. . that after any such contract shall have been let and approved by the board of public works, they shall forthwith report the same to the common council, whereupon the common council shall without delay certify the resolution fixing the boundaries of any such street sprinkling district, and also the amount or sum of money required to be raised by taxation to defray the costs and expenses of such street sprinkling, to the city assessor, and the city ordinances of the assessor shall thereupon, without delay, proceed to make a special assessment roll wherein and whereon the city assessor shall set down, alphabetically ar- range the names of all the owners or occupants of the land and premises in and within any such street sprinkling district, and all and singular all of the lands, tenements and premises situate therein, well and sufficiently described and in a column thereof the cash value of all such lands, tenements and property, and in another column on the said special assessment roll the sum of money or amount which the said city assessor shall deem the particular description of lands, tenements or premises benefitted by any such street sprinkling and in another column thereof and thereon, the city assessor shall set down and assess on and against the owner or occupant, and against the lands, tenements and premises, according to the benefits so fixed and determined, the sum or amount of money so required to be raised by taxation for such street sprinkling purpose. and when any such spec- ial assessment roll shall be completed, the city asses- sor shall add thereto his certificate and report the same to the common council. sec. . upon the receipt of any such special as- sessment roll certified by the city assessor, the com- mon council shall, without delay, fix and appoint a time when the common council sitting as a board of review will meet to consider and review the same, no- tice of which meeting shall be given by publication in at least one newspaper printed and published in the city of ann arbor; the day so fixed and at the time so appointed, the common council shall meet at the council chambers and proceed to review the said special assessment roll, at which time and place any person interested shall be at liberty to appear in person or by attorney, and shall be heard on the question of such assessment, and the board of review shall have power and authority whether applied to city of ann arbor for that purpose or otherwise, to raise or lower the valuation of any parcel of land, to increase or de- crease the estimated benefits thereto, and to change the assessment against the same in accordance with any such change of estimated benefits, to alter, change and rectify any particular description of lands men- tioned therein, and to do and perform all other acts or things to the end that the said special assessment roll and the taxes spread, or to be spread, thereon, shall be made just, fair and equal; that after the review of any such special assessment roll shall be completed the board of review shall order the same, together with its doings in the premises, to be reported to the common council, that at the next meeting of the com- mon council, the said special assessment roll with the doings of the board of review having been reported, the question shall be, "shall the special assessment roll be confirmed," and if the said question shall be decided in the affirmative, the common council shall then cause the city clerk to certify the said special assessment roll together with the resolution of con- firmation and assessment to. the city assessor. sec. (!. upon the receipt and certification of any such special assessment roll, the city assessor shall attach his warrant thereto directed to the city treas- urer, commanding him to collect from each and every person named in and assessed on the said special as- sessment roll, the sum of money assessed to and set opposite his, her, or their name thereon, and in case any person named in the said special assessment roll shall neglect or refuse to pay his, her or their tax or assessment on demand, then to levy and collect the same by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of any such person, and that he do return such special assessment roll and warrant with his doings thereon written, sixty days from and after the date of any such warrant. sec. . that within ten days after the return of ordinances of the any such warrant and after the expiration of time named for the collection of any such taxes, the city treasurer shall make and return a list of all such un- paid taxes, together with a full and complete descrip- tion of the lands and tenements against which the same were levied and assessed, to the common coun- cil, and on the third monday of october in each and every year, the common council shall direct the city assessor to carry into and spread upon the next as- sessment roll of the city of ann arbor, for state, county and school purposes all such delinquent taxes so returned with the penalty of ten cents on each dol- lar of the sum total of taxes assessed to each particu- lar description of land and which special assessment, together with the penalty, shall be carried out oppo- site of each of the said descriptions of land in a col- umn on such general tax roll provided for that pur- pose. sec. . the cost and expense of sprinkling the streets which intersect or cross any of the streets in any such street sprinkling district shall be a charge upon the street fund and sum of money proportion- ately equal to the contract price which the width of the street intersecting or crossing the streets in any such street sprinkling district, bears to the whole of the taxable foot frontage of any such street sprinkling district, shall be deducted from the contract sum or price, and the remainder only shall be charged against, spread and assessed upon the taxable lands, tenements and premises in any such street sprinkling district. sec. . it shall be the duty of the board of public works to advertise for tenders for such street sprink- ling in each of the said districts for the coming year and from year to year, until otherwise ordered by the common council. bids may be delivered sealed, at the office of the city clerk, at any time until the hour of four o'clock in the afternoon of the fourth monday of april, and the board of public works shall contract city of ann arbor with the lowest responsible bidder, and after any such contract shall be concluded, after the first contract, the board of public works shall report and certify the contract price of sprinkling any such district, to the city assessor. the city assessor on receipt of any such report shall proceed forthwith to make or cause to be made, a duplicate special assessment roll for any such sprinkling district for the year in which any such report shall be made, and if any of the lands or premises in any such district shall or may have been transferred or divided, the city assessor shall enter the name of any such purchaser or occupant on the new assessment roll, and shall divide the amount of the assessment on the whole parcel on the former roll, and distribute and assess the same among the parcels into which the said lands and premises may have been divided according to the surface area there- of. and when any such duplicate assessment roll shall be completed the city assessor shall attach his warrant thereto, directed to the city treasurer, and the city treasurer shall proceed to collect the sum and sums of money spread and assessed thereon ac- cording to the command of the said warrant, and make return thereof, and the same proceeding shall be had thereon in every respect as is herein provided for the collection, payment and return of the taxes levied and assessed on the original of the said special assessment roll, warrant and return of delinquent taxes assessed thereon. sec. . if any contractor or sub-contractor shall fail faithfully to carry on and perform his said con- tract the board of public works shall have power and authority, not only conclusively to determine the question of non-performance, but also to annul any such contract and to re-let the work of street sprink- ling provided for therein. if the said contractor or sub-contractor shall not have performed more than ten per cent of the work, or earned more than ordinances of the ten per cent of the contract price, at the date of any such annulment, all the work and labor done and moneys earned shall be forfeited to the city of ann arbor, that if a greater sum than twenty-five per cent. of such work shall have been performed and money shall have been earned, then and in that event twenty-five per cent. thereof shall be forfeited to the city of ann arbor as and for stipulated damages for the non-performance of any such contract. sec. . notice of the meeting of the board of review provided for in this ordinance shall be given by publication in the official newspaper of this city, and one insertion and publication thereof shall be deemed sufficient, and all persons are hereby required to appear before the board of review if interested in the proceedings. sec. . all lands, tenements, and premises be- longing to the state, county, city or school district shall be exempt from taxation under this ordinance, and in determining the foot frontage of any such street sprinkling or special assessment district, the same shall not be counted or considered, but all other lands and real estate shall be taxable without refer- ence to the use or purpose to which the same shall or may be devoted. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after the expiration of ten days from the date of legal publication. city of ann arbor an ordinance providing for the permanent removal of telephone poles and wires within a certain dis- trict, and for the laying of underground conduits, and placing wires therein. (passed july , ; approved july , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that on and after july th, , it. shall be unlawful for any person, persons, company or corporation, to erect or maintain poles and wires for telephone purposes in the city of ann arbor, with- in the district area herein described, to-wit: on washington street, between ashley street and fifth avenue, and on and after said date any person, persons, company or corporation owning, controlling, operating or maintaining such poles and wires in said city shall cause said poles and wires within said dis- trict to be taken down and permanently removed therefrom, and permission and authority is hereby granted to all persons, companies or corporations, who have ami maintain within the said district tele- phone poles and wires, to place and put their said telephone wires in a conduit under ground. provided, that this section shall not be construed to prevent the erection and maintenance of the neces- sary poles within the alleys adjacent to said district for the distribution of wires from the underground conduits to reach the subscribers of such person, per- sons, company or corporation, and provided, further, that said distributing poles shall be set in the said alleys in any and all cases in such manner as to not unreasonably obstruct or in- terfere with the other proper use of the said alleys. sec. . in case of failure on the part of any per- son, persons, company or corporation so owning, con- trolling, operating and maintaining such poles and ordinances of the wires, to take down and remove the same within the time above limited, the board of public works, or other proper agent of the city, shall have power, and it shall be their duty, under the direction of the legis- lative authority of the city, to take down and remove said poles and wires. sec. . the said person, persons, company or cor- poration shall do no injury to any street, avenue, al- ley, land, park or public square, nor in any manner disturb or interfere with any water or gas pipes, nor with any public or private sewer, now or hereafter laid or constructed by any authorized person or cor- poration, and shall fully indemnify and save harm- less the city of ann arbor from any and all claims or damages for which said city might be made or be- come liable to pay by reason of the construction, mak- ing or operating of said pipes, mains or conductors. sec. . the main pipes or conduits of said per- son, persons, company or corporation, shall be laid in streets and avenues in a line parallel with the curb line thereof, and in all cases to a depth of not less than two feet. at least twenty-four hours before opening any street, alley, or public place, the said person, persons, company or corporation shall notify the board of public works in writing of such intention, stating the place where and the object for which, said open- ing is to be made; and in the opening and refilling of all the openings made as aforesaid, the relaying of pavements and all other work necessary to the com- plete restoration of the streets, pavements, sidewalks, or ground, to an equally good condition as when dis- turbed, the said person, persons, company, or corpora- tion, or its servants or employees, shall be under the supervision of the board of public works, or its authorized agent, or of the common council, in refer- ence thereto. city of ann arbor nor shall any street, avenue, or public place be allowed to remain open or incumbered for a longer period than shall be necessary to execute the work for which the same has been opened; and the board of public works, or the common council, may deter- mine the question of such necessity. it is especially provided, that in all cases where work requires the exercise of skill, as in the laying or relaying of pavements or sidewalks, the said person, persons, company or corporation, shall employ none but skilled workmen, familiar with the execution of such work. it shall be optional with the city authorities to restore the earth and relay the pavements in streets and other public places, when so taken up by said person, persons, company or corporation; but the expense of such work shall not exceed the actual cost thereof. sec. . the expense of the city, or of the board of public works, in the employment of an agent to carry out the provisions of this ordinance, shall be a proper charge against said person, persons, com- pany or corporation, and such expense shall be paid by said person, persons, company or corporation on a voucher or bill duly certified by said board. sec. . said person, persons, company or corpor- ation shall at all times be subject to the city ordi- nances now in existence, or which may hereafter be passed relative to the use of the public streets or oth- er public places, especially as to the putting up of lights and barriers at and around excavations. sec. . that any person, firm or corporation hav- ing and maintaining within the corporate limits of the city of ann arbor any telephone exchange shall at all times furnish to the city, free of charge, at least ten telephones with all necessary and proper service for the use of the public offices of the city, and at ordinances of the least ten other telephones, with all needful service, for fire purposes, said last telephones to be furnished at one-half the price fixed by any such person, firm or corporation for resident telephone service, and to place all the said telephones in such offices or places as the common council shall or may from time to time by resolution direct. sec. . the maximum rates or rentals to be charged by any such person, firm or corporation main- taining any such telephone exchange or service with- in the limits of the city of ann arbor, including all service, except for out of town messages, shall be as follows: for telephones in business places or offices, twen- ty-four dollars per annum, and for telephones in res- idences eighteen dollars per annum, the rental herein prescribed may be collected by any such person, firm or corporation quarterly in advance. this ordinance shall take immediate effect. an ordinance relative to curbing and gutters. (passed november , ; approved november , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . all curbing and gutters hereafter constructed in the city of ann arbor shall be of arti- ficial stone, and the materials thereof shall be colored a dark red or brown to resemble lake superior sand stone. all curbing hereafter constructed shall be of the uniform height of six inches, and all gutters of the uniform width of twenty-four inches. provided, however, that upon application of property owners desiring to construct curbing and gutters of other ma- terial, the common council may grant permits there- for. and provided, also, that upon application of property owners desiring to construct curbing of a city of ann arbor greater height or width than as above provided, the board of public works may, in cases where the city engineer shall deem it necessary on account of water or for other reasons satisfactory to said board, grant permits allowing the construction of such curbing to a height greater than six inches, and to a width great- er than twenty-four inches. sec. . curbing and gutters shall in all cases con- form to the established grade of the street. at the intersection of streets and alleys the curbing shall be built in a proper curve under direction of the city en- gineer. at all other points said curbing shall be built on a line parallel with the center line of the street, and at such distance from said center line as will permit a width of thirty-four feet from curb to curb for the purpose of public travel. the portions of the street between the curbing and the side walk shall be lawn extension. provided, however, that the common council may by resolution, reduce the width of said travelled portion of the street to thirty feet from curb to curb. sec. . whenever the common council shall deem it expedient to order the construction of any curbing and gutter, in combination or separately, said com- mon council shall so declare by resolution, naming the street or streets, or portions thereof, in and along which it is proposed to construct the same; where- upon it shall be the duty of the city engineer to cause all needful measurements and surveys to be made, to determine grades, if not already established, and to make estimates as to the value of the curbing and gutters already constructed within the specified lim- its within which it is proposed to construct such im- provement; all of which said city engineer shall re- port to the common council, together with a full, complete and detailed estimate of the costs thereof, showing separately the costs of the curbed portions thereof at the intersections of streets and alleys; said i ordinances of the report shall be accompanied by a map, showing the street, or streets, or portions of such street or streets, upon which such improvement is proposed to be con- structed, and showing all the land, lots or parts of lots fronting on or adjacent to the same. sec. . such report of the city engineer, together with the original resolution, shall thereupon be re- ferred to a committee of the common council, which shall make due inquiries relating thereto, and after hearing all persons interested therein, appearing and desiring to be heard, shall make a report thereon to the common council; such report of said committee shall include its determination as to the value of exist- ing curbs and gutters within said specified limits and also as to whether said existing curbs and gutters were constructed in accordance with the ordinances and charter of the city in force when the same were constructed, and also whether said existing curbs and gutters, if any, were constructed and paid for by the owner or owners, or any former owner or owners, of adjacent property, and also whether the same was constructed on the proper line and at the grade then existing. sec. . upon the coming in of the report of said committee, the common council, if the construction of such proposed uniform curb and gutters within said specified limits shall still be deemed expedient, shall so declare by resolution by a vote of the major- ity of the members elect, which resolution shall also declare that said curb and gutter within said specified limits is a necessary public improvement; and if said common council shall determine that existing curb and gutter, if any, within said specified limits, has been paid for by the owner or owners, or any former owner or owners of said adjacent lands and lots, and that the same was built in accordance with the char- ter and ordinances of the city then in force, it shall so declare in said resolution and also in such resolu- city of ann arbor tion set forth the proper description of all lands, lots, tenements and premises within said specified limits in front of which said curb or gutter or combination of curb and gutter has already been constructed and paid for by the owner or owners, or any former owner or owners, of said adjacent lands, lots, tenements and premises. and thereupon the matter shall be re- ferred to the board of public works and said board of public works shall proceed to advertise for pro- posals for the furnishing of material and the per- formance of the work of construction of said curb and gutter within said specified limits in accordance with section of the charter of the city of ann arbor. all bids submitted to the said board shall be publicly opened and as soon thereafter as may be shall be referred by said board of public works to the common council, together with its recommenda- tion in respect thereto; and no contract shall be made by said board until duly authorized by said common council. sec. . the costs and expense of building and constructing such uniform curbing and gutters when determined upon as herein provided, shall be audited and paid from the bridge, culvert and crosswalk fund. sec. . whenever the common council shall have approved the plans and specifications for such curb and gutter within said specified limits, and shall have authorized the board of public works to enter into a contract for the construction thereof, it shall, by resolution, declare that all such sums of money, when paid as aforesaid, from the bridge, culvert and cross- walk fund for the construction of such curb and gut- ter within said specified limits, shall be and become a lien on and against the land, lots, tenements and premises adjacent to and abutting upon said street, within said specified limits, which lien shall continue until the said money, so paid from said fund, shall be i » ordinances of the repaid [into] or otherwise received by the city treas- urer, and, when so received, the same shall be credit- ed to the bridge, culvert and crosswalk fund. pro- vided, however, that in all cases, where it appears by the order and determination of said common council that there has already been established and construct- ed and in existence any curb, or gutter, or both curb and gutter, within said specified limits, and that the same has been constructed at the expense of the owner or owners, or any former owner or owners, of the adjacent lands or lots, and that the same was built in accordance with the city charter and ordinances in force at the time of the construction thereof, then the property in front of which such curb or gutter shall have been constructed shall be relieved of said lien to the extent of the value thereof as determined by said common council, and provided, also, that the cost of constructing the curbed portions of such curb- ing and gutters at intersections of streets and public alleys shall be a charge against the city. sec. . the board of public works shall cause to be kept a just and true account of all moneys paid, laid out and expended for the construction of all curbing and gutters paid for from the bridge, culvert and crosswalk fund, as herein provided, as well as a particular description of the lots, lands and premises, in front of or adjacent to which any such curb and gutter shall have been constructed, and on or before the third monday of october in each and every year shall report the said expenditures in writing to the common council, so arranged that there will appear from such report the particular sum of money which shall have been expended in the construction of each particular portion of curb and gutter in front of or adjacent to each particular description of land, lots, tenements, or premises, to the extent of and in the particular which shall create a lien against said lands, lots, tenements or premises as above provided for. city of ann arbor sec. . whenever such report of the board of pub- lic works shall be certified to the common council, said common council shall, at the same or at the next meeting thereof, appoint and fix a day not later than the third monday of november next following, when they will meet as a board of review to pass upon and determine the accuracy of the said certificate, and the said common council shall give notice to all per- sons named in the said certificate or who shall appear to be the owners of the particular description of the lands, lots, tenements and premises subject to lien as aforesaid of the time, when, and the place where such meeting will be held, at which meeting, after hearing every person, in person or by attorney, who shall desire to be heard, the said council, as such board of review shall, without adjournment, proceed to determine the truth of such certificate, and shall have power and authority to change any sum of money stated therein, to correct any description of lands, lots, tenements, or premises, mentioned in the same, and to take any other action to the end that the said certificate may at all times be made just and true, which determination shall be in all things final and conclusive. after such determination said board shall, by resolution, certify its determination to the common council, and the common council shall, at the same meeting, or at an adjourned session cause the money so found by the said council as such board of review to be due and owing for the construction of such curb and gutter to be assessed on and against the owner of, and against the lands, lots, tenements or premises in front of or adjacent to which any such curb and gutter shall have been constructed as afore- said and shall certify such determination and order of assessment to the city assessor. sec. . after such order and determination ( shall be certified to the city assessor, said city assessor shall without delay proceed to make, fill out and com- i o ordinances of the plete a special assessment roll, in accordance with such order and determination and shall thereupon proceed to spread the sum or sums of money men- tioned in any such order of assessment upon any such assessment roll, and assess the same against the per- sons therein named and against the lands mentioned therein, as determined by the board of review, and thereafter shall make a true copy thereof and certify the said assessment roll to the city treasurer, who shall have and retain custody of the same, and the taxes so spread on and assessed upon any such assess- ment roll and levied against the lands described therein shall be and remain a valid tax and charge against the owner and against the lands mentioned therein until paid. the said taxes shall become due and be payable in four equal annual installments: the first installment in the month of july along with the other city taxes next after any such assessment roll shall have been confirmed, and annually there- after until fully paid. all of the said taxes shall draw interest from the date of confirmation of any such assessment roll at the rate of five per ceut [per] annum until paid. any person against whom any such tax shall have been assessed shall have leave and be at liberty to pay the same at any one payment at any time after any such assessment roll shall have been certified to the city treasurer, with interest from the date of confirmation only. the city assessor shall retain a copy of each assessment roll in his office. sec. . that on the third monday in june in each and every year in which any such curb and gutter tax shall remain unpaid and be due and pay- able, the city treasurer shall proceed to the city asses- sor's office and together with the city assessor shall stamp or mark "paid" on the copy of every such assessment roll all of the paid curb and gutter taxes due and payable in and during the then current year and the said city treasurer shall report all unpaid city of ann arbor l l curbing and gutter tax then due and payable; and the common council shall on the fourth monday of june in each year certify to the city assessor, along with the other city taxes to be assessed, all unpaid and payable curbing and gutter taxes and all money required to be raised for the construction of all curbs and gutters, for the then current year and also in a general avay a description of the lands by reference to the number of the curbing and gutter district to be taxed therefor; and the city assessor shall there upon spread upon the general city tax roll of that year all such sums of money so remaining unpaid and payable, and so required to be raised for the con- struction of any such curbing and gutter, all such taxes to be carried out and entered in a separate col- umn on said general tax roll with the interest thereon as aforesaid, the tax in one column and the interest thereon in another column, the general city tax roll to be properly ruled and printed for that purpose, and such columns to be entitled respectively "curbing and gutter tax'' and "interest on curbing and gutter tax." and the sum or sums of money so set down and spread upon such general city tax roll, shall be, remain and continue a valid debt, demand and tax against the person, and a valid tax on and against the lands so assessed as aforesaid, until fully paid, and shall be certified to the city treasurer and collected in the same manner in every particular as the other taxes set down and spread upon such gen- eral tax roll are, shall or may be collected. sec. . in case the tax assessed on such lands, lots, tenements or premises charged with the expense of constructing ' curb and gutter as provided by this ordinance shall not be paid or collected and any such lands, lots, tenements and premises shall be re- turned for non-payment of such tax by the city treas- urer, such lands, lots, tenements and premises, unless soon redeemed, shall be sold for such tax by the ordinances of the county treasurer at the annual sale of lands for delin- quent taxes, and in the same manner as for other taxes, as provided by law. sec. . all notices required to be served by this ordinance shall be served by the street commissioner, marshal, or any policeman of said city, personally on the owner or owners of the lands, lots, tenements and premises fronting on or adjacent to which it is proposed to construct any such curb and gutter, if such owner or owners shall be found within the city. if such owner or owners shall not be found within the city, then such notice shall be served personally on the occupant of any such premises, and if any such premises shall be vacant and the owner or owners thereof shall not be found within the city, then such notice shall be served by posting the same in some conspicuous place upon the said premises; provided, however, that the notice of the meeting of the com- mon council as a board of review may be given by publication in the official newspaper or newspapers of the said city, and one publication in such news- paper or newspapers, shall be deemed sufficient, and the said board of review shall have authority to pro- ceed on filing with the city clerk due proof by affidavit of such publication. sec. . any owner, agent or occupant of any lands, lots, tenements or premises, or any other per- son constructing, reconstructing, renewing or repair- ing any curb and gutter contrary to the provisions of this ordinance, or constructing the same of mate- rial other than as herein directed, shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not to exceed one hun- dred dollars, and the costs of prosecution; and in the imposition of any such fine and costs, the court may make the further sentence that the offender be im- prisoned in the county jail of the county of washte- naw, or other place of imprisonment provided by the city of ann arbor, until the payment thereof, pro- city of ann ar r vided, that the term of any such imprisonment shall not exceed a period of thirty days. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force ten days after its legal publication. sidewalks. an ordinance relative to sidewalks. (passed march , ; approved march , ; amended feb- ruary , ; amended july , ; april , ; september , ; may , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section .* all sidewalks hereafter graded, con- structed, repaired or renewed in said city shall con- form to grade lines established by the common coun- cil, and to such specifications as are hereinafter set forth or provided for, in regard to width, material and mode of construction. sec. .* all sidewalks on main street between catherine and william streets shall be thirteen feet in width, except the sidewalk along the west side of the court house square which shall be feet in width. all sidewalks on fourth avenue between catherine and liberty streets, on ann street between fourth avenue and main street, on detroit street between fourth avenue and catherine street, on huron and washington streets between fifth avenue and ashley street, on liberty street between fourth avenue and ashley street, and on the west side of state street be- tween william and liberty streets, shall be twelve feet in width, except the sidewalks on huron and ann streets and fourth avenue, along the south, north and east sides of the court house square, which shall be feet wide. all sidewalks on huron and washington streets between fifth avenue and state street, on lib- * as amended february , . ordinances of the erty street between fourth avenue and state street, on william street between ashley and state streets, on main street between william and packard streets, on detroit street between catherine and depot streets, on state street between fuller and packard streets except as hereinbefore provided, on north university avenue, on east university avenue be- tween north university avenue and south university avenue, on south university avenue between east university avenue and state street, shall be not less than six feet in width; and sidewalks on all other streets or parts of streets shall be not less than five feet in width: provided, that the common council may at any time by resolution order the sidewalks along any block or street in said city to be wider or narrower than above prescribed. sec. .* within the limits hereby specified all sidewalks shall hereafter be constructed of stone flagging or artificial stone (cement) and of no other material, to wit: on main street between packard and catherine streets; on ashley street between huron and william streets; on fourth avenue between packard and cath- erine streets; on division street between detroit and packard streets; on state street between fuller and packard streets; on ann street between ashley and state streets; on washington, liberty and william streets between ashley and state streets; on east side of detroit street between fourth avenue and depot street; on both sides of the north, east and south university avenues, adjoining the university grounds or campus, and on the east side of washte- naw avenue, between east university avenue and hill street; on the south side of hill street between packard and sybil streets; and all other sidewalks as amended may , . city of ann arbor within the district bounded and enclosed by the fol- lowing streets and parts of streets, to-wit: main street from packard to catherine, cath- erine street from main to division, division street from catherine to kingsley street, kingsley street from division to ingalls, ingalls street from kingsley to huron, huron street from ingalls to twelfth, twelfth street from huron to north uni- versity avenue, north university avenue from twelfth to washtenaw avenue, washtenaw avenue from north university avenue to hill street, hill street from washtenaw avenue to east university avenue, east university avenue from hill street to tappan street, tappan street from east university avenue to oak- land avenue, oakland avenue from tappan street to arch street, all of arch street, packard street from arch to main, and also upon geddes avenue from washtenaw avenue to observatory street, shall be constructed of stone flagging or artificial stone (ce- ment). provided, however, that the common council shall have power and authority in its discretion to author- ize the construction or repair of a tar or asphaltum sidewalk on and along any street or avenue aforesaid within the district aforesaid. upon all other streets, avenues or parts of streets within the city, sidewalks shall be constructed, repaired and renewed of stone flagging, artificial stone (cement), tar or asphaltum, or other material as ordered and required by the com- mon council, and all work done and all material shall be in all things first-class, and satisfactory to the board of public works. sec. .* stone walks shall be constructed accord- ing to the following specifications: stone flagging shall have a smooth upper surface and shall not be less than two inches in thickness. the flagstones shall * as amended july , . ordinances of the not be less than four feet square, shall be dressed square and even on the sides, so as to make close and even joints, and shall be laid with the smooth side up upon clean sand in water lime. old stone flagging may be recut and relaid under the direction and per- mission of the street commissioner, but not less than six feet in width of the central portion of any stone sidewalk in the business portion of the city shall al- ways be repaired or renewed with new flagging. sec. .* specifications for cement walks. the trench shall be excavated to a depth of inches be- low the established grade, except for driveways and street crossings where the depth shall be inches below the established grade. the foundation shall consist of clean cinders or gravel entirely free from clay thoroughly rammed to a thickness of inches, except for driveways and street crossings which shall be inches thick. on the foundation shall be laid a concrete filling thoroughly rammed to a thickness of inches, except for driveways and street crossings which shall be inches thick. the concrete shall consist of one part cement, two parts clean sharp sand, three parts clean gravel. on the concrete filling shall be laid a finishing layer one inch thick, consisting of one part cement, two parts of very clean, sharp sand, except for drive- ways and street crossings which shall be two inches thick. the said finishing layer shall in all cases be finished with a granular surface, with a wooden float. to secure a true line for the edges of the walk, x strips shall be solidly staked down parallel to grade and on the true line of the walk, these strips to be removed when walk is finished for use. the walk shall have a pitch one-quarter of an inch * as amended february , . city of ann arbor i to the foot toward the curb; in street crossings the pitch shall be both ways from the center line. the concrete filling should be tamped thoroughly till the water comes to the surface, then the finishing layer shall be immediately spread on in thin coats thoroughly troweled into the concrete, each coat be- ing troweled till the water appears on the surface, the top surface being only troweled sufficiently to leave it smooth. the foundation shall be thoroughly wet while be- ing rammed. the joints for the blocks shall be made in the con- crete and then in the finishing layer directly above those in the concrete. only portland cement shall be used in the con: struction of walks and shall be in every respect the equal of the best grades of german portland cement. the concrete filling shall be made from the same cement as the finishing layer. sharp sand is such as shows its grains under the microscope to have sharp angular corners and not rounded corners. sec. .* hereafter it shall be unlawful to build or construct within the city of ann arbor any side- walk of plank or of any material not called for or stated by this ordinance, but plank sidewalks now constructed and in use may be repaired whenever or- dered by the common council or directed by the board of public works. all sidewalks hereafter construct- ed within the stone or cement district as in this ordi- nance fixed and determined, shall be constructed of stone, cement, paving-brick, tar or aspbaltum. tar and asphaltum sidewalks shall be constructed accord- ing to the following specifications and in the fol- lowing manner: the earth shall be excavated to the depth of at least four inches below the side- as amended april , . ordinances of the walk grade, and filled with coarse gravel, thor- oughly mixed with tar or asphaltum to a depth of at least three inches, and to within one inch below the grade, and well and sufficiently packed and thorough- ly rolled, and thereafter a top dressing of fine well- screened sharp sand mixed four parts of sand and one part of tar or asphaltum to the depth of at least one inch, shall be placed thereon and thoroughly rolled to a smooth and flat surface. inside of all tar or as- phaltum sidewalks shall be constructed one inch high- er than the outside, the center line to be constructed on the true sidewalk grade and one and one-half inches higher than the outside or street side thereof. sec. .* curbstones shall be set perpendicularly throughout the business part of the city, and con- form to the established grade. at the intersection of streets and alleys the curb shall be built in a proper curve under the direction of the street commissioner. all sidewalks shall be built so as to slope towards the curb at the rate of one inch in every four feet of width. sec. .* whenever the common council shall or- der any sidewalk to be constructed, repaired or re- newed, it shall be the duty of the board of public works to cause any filling or excavation that may be necessary in order to bring the said sidewalk to the prescribed grade to be made at the expense of the city: provided, that the said board may, in their discretion, build a trestle instead of an embankment for raising a sidewalk to the required elevation; and provided, that the foregoing provision shall not be construed to charge the city with the expense of re- moving old sidewalks, or of filling excavations re- sulting from such removal. and it shall further be the duty of the said board of public works to cause all sidewalks in process of construction, repair or re- * as amended february , . city of ann arbor newal, in said city, to be inspected from time to time by some competent person, to the end that the require- ments of this ordinance may be fully complied with or that complaint may be made promptly for any vio- lation thereof. it shall be the duty of the street com- missioner to inspect the sidewalks of this city from time to time, and report promptly to the common council all sidewalks requiring to be repaired or re- newed in said city; and the said street commissioner shall attend all special meetings of said council or of any committee thereof to which he may be summoned, and shall be ready to furnish the common council with complete information with regard to the condition of the sidewalks reported by him and with regard to the probable cost of repairing or renewing the same. the board of public works are hereby authorized and required to cause such temporary repairs to be made in sidewalks, at the expense of the city, as may be immediately necessary for the safety of pedestrians, and all bills for that purpose when duly certified to by the street commissioner, or president of the board of public works shall be allowed by the common coun- cil and paid out of the street fund. it shall be the further duty of the board of public works, whenever the common council shall permit by resolution the construction, repair or renewal of any sidewalk in this city of any other material than stone flagging, artificial stone or cement, to prepare suitable speci. fications to govern said construction, repair or re- newal, and such specifications shall be of the same force and effect as though incorporated at length in this ordinance. sec. .* no sidewalk shall hereafter be graded constructed, repaired or renewed within the limits of this city, by the owner, occupant or agent of the lot, building or premises adjacent to and abutting upon * as amended february , . ordinances of the the said sidewalk, without notice in writing having been duly filed with the city clerk at least three days previous thereto. the said notice shall set forth the location of the said sidewalk by street and number of the premises adjacent thereto, or by other sufficient designation, the materials of which the sidewalk is to be constructed, repaired or renewed, the name of the person intending to perform the work of construc- tion, repair or renewal, and the date upon which the said work is to be begun, and shall be signed by the said owner, occupant or agent. but no failure on the part of any officer of this city, of the common council or board of public works to act promptly upon any information contained in said notice, shall oper- ate to relieve any person filing the same from any penalties to which he might otherwise render himself liable for a violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance with reference to width, position, materials or mode of construction of said sidewalk. sec. .* all sidewalks shall be laid parallel to the adjacent property line and distant therefrom as follows: the inner line of all sidewalks of a greater width than six feet shall coincide with said property line; the central line of all other sidewalks shall be distant four feet from said property line. the com- mon council may by special resolution except any sidewalk from the above regulation. sec. .* whenever the common council shall order any sidewalk to be constructed, rebuilt, repair ed or renewed, it shall be the duty of the board of public works to cause a notice to be served upon the owner, agent or occupant of the adjacent and abutt ing lot, building or premises. said notice shall set forth the action of the council and shall require the said sidewalk to be constructed, repaired or renewed within thirty days unless a different time shall be * as amended february , . city of ann arbor specified in the resolution of the council. after due service of the said notice in the manner hereinafter prescribed, it shall be the duty of the said owner, agent or occupant to construct the said sidewalk in the time prescribed in the said notice and of the ma- terials and in the manner required by this ordinance. if the said owner, agent or occupant shall neglect to perform his said duty, and shall fail to construct, or repair or renew the said sidewalk in the time required by the said notice, and of the materials as prescribed in this ordinance, it shall be the duty of the said board of public works to proceed at once upon the expira- tion of the time limited in the said notice, to con- struct, repair or reneav the said sidewalk of the ma- terial and in the manner herein required, and the expense thereof with ten per cent added thereto shall be assessed upon and become a lien against the said adjacent and abutting lot, building or premises. sec. .* all sidewalks in said city shall be kept and maintained in good order and repair by the own- er or occupant of the land, building or premises ad- jacent to and abutting upon the same; and if any owner or occupant shall neglect to keep and main- tain the sidewalk along the front, rear or side of the land, building or premises, owned or occupied by him or her, in good repair and safe for the use of the pub- lic, the said owner or occupant shall be liable to the said city for any damages recovered against said city sustained by any person by reason of said sidewalk being unsafe and out of repair. sec .* the common council shall provide and direct that the cost and expense of the building, con- struction and repair of all such sidewalks so ordered graded, constructed or repaired by the board of pub- lic works shall be audited and paid from the street fund, and all such sums of money, when so paid, with * as renumbered by ordinance february , . ordinances of the ten per cent. thereon added thereto, shall be and be- come a lien on and against the lot or parcel of land in front of or adjacent to which the sidewalk shall have been graded, constructed, or repaired, which lien shall continue until the said money so paid shal] be repaid into or otherwise received by the city treas- urer, and when so received the same shall be credited to the street fund. sec. .* the board of public works shall keep and cause to be entered, in a book provided for that purpose, memoranda with dates, names and the par ticulars of all such notices, so served, as aforesaid, to grade, construct, build, repair or renew any such side- walks, and shall keep on file a duplicate of all such notices so served, as aforesaid, with a return endorsed thereon of the time and mode of the service of the same; and shall also keep a just and true account of all moneys paid, laid out and expended for the grad- ing, construction or repair of any such sidewalks, as well as a particular description of the lands, tene- ments and premises in front of or adjacent to which any such sidewalks shall have been graded, construct- ed or repaired, and on or before the third monday of october in each and every year shall report the said expenditures in writing to the common council, so arranged that there will appear from such report the particular sum of money which shall have been ex- pended in the grading, construction or repair of each particular sidewalk in front of or adjacent to each particular description of lands, tenements or prem- ises. sec. .* whenever any such certificate shall be received by the common council, the common council shall at the same or at the next meeting thereof ap- point and fix a day not later than the third monday of november next following when they will meet as * as renumbered by ordinance february , . city of ann arbor a board of review to pass upon and determine the accuracy of the said certificate, and the said common council shall give notice to all persons named in the said certificate of the time when and the place where such meeting will be held, at which meeting, after hearing every person, in person or by attorney, who shall desire to be heard, the said council as such board of review, shall without adjournment proceed to de- termine the truth of such certificate, and shall have power and authority to change any sum of money stated therein, to correct any description of land or premises mentioned in the same, and to take any oth- er action to the end that the said certificate may in all things be made just and true, which determination shall be in all things final and conclusive. after such determination said board shall by resolution certify its determination to the common council, and the common council shall at the same meeting or at an adjourned session cause the money so found by the said council as such board of review to be due and owing for the grading, construction or repairing of any such sidewalk or sidewalks, to be assessed on and against the owner of and against the land, lot or premises in front of or adjacent to which any such sidewalk or sidewalks shall have been graded, con- structed or repaired by the said board of public works, and shall certify such determination and order of as- sessment to the city assessor. the said city assessor shall on receipt thereof proceed to set down in and assess upon the general assessment roll of the said city for the then current year the sum or sums of money so certified against each particular lot or par- cel of land so in said order of assessment mentioned, against which the said sums of money are respective- ly charged, by adding such sums of money to the gen- eral city tax, and said sums of money so set down in said assessment roll shall be and become a valid debt, demand and tax against the owner of the lot, land ordinances of the and premises and a valid tax against the lot, land and premises in front of or adjacent to which any such sidewalk may have been graded, constructed or repaired by the said board of public works, and shall be collected in the same manner in every particular as the tax to which it is thus added and as the other taxes set down in and spread upon the said assess- ment roll are collected. sec. .* in case the tax assessed on any such lot, land or premises charged with the expense of grading, constructing or repairing any sidewalk as provided by this ordinance shall not be paid or col- lected and any such lot or lands and premises shall be returned for non-payment of such tax by the city treasurer, such lots or lands and premises, unless sooner redeemed, shall be sold for such tax by the county treasurer at the annual sale of lands for de- linquent taxes, and in the same manner as for other taxes, as provided by law. sec. .* all notices required to be served by this ordinance shall be served by the street commis- sioner, marshal or any policeman of said city, per- sonally on the owner of the lands or premises front- ing on or adjacent to which it is proposed to grade, construct or repair any such sidewalk, if such owner shall be found within the city. if such owner shall not be found within the city, then such notice shall be served personally on the occupant of any such premises, and if any such premises shall be vacant and the owner thereof shall not be found within the city, then such notice shall be served by posting the same in some conspicuous place upon the said prem- ises; provided however, that the notice of the meet ing of the common council as a board of review may be given by publication in the official newspaper or newspapers of the said city, and one publication in * as renumbered by ordinance february , . city of ann arbor such newspaper or newspapers shall be deemed suffi- cient, and the said board of review shall have author- ity to proceed on filing with the city clerk due proof by affidavit of such publication. sec. .* it shall be the duty of every owner, agent or occupant of any lot or premises, who shall be notified by the board of public works to build, con- struct or repair any sidewalk or sidewalks to prompt- ly comply with such notice, and grade, construct or repair any such sidewalks as ordered and in case any owner, agent or occupant shall neglect to so grade, build, construct or repair any such sidewalk or side- walks within the time prescribed in the notice of the board of public works, and in case the city by any suit, action or other proceedings shall be compelled to pay damage for injuries to any person or property on account of such neglect, such owner, agent or oc- cupant, in addition to all other fines and liabilities provided by this ordinance, shall be liable to the city for the amount of all damages and costs so paid, and the same may be collected if necessary in an action of assumpsit in the proper court. sec. .* any owner, agent or occupant of any lot, or any other person grading, constructing, recon- structing, renewing or repairing any sidewalk, con- trary to the provisions of this ordinance, or of ma- terial other than hereinbefore prescribed, shall on conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not to ex- ceed twenty-five ( ) dollars and the costs of pros- ecution; and in the imposition of any such fine and costs the court may make the further sentence that the offender be imprisoned in the common jail of the county of washtenaw until the payment thereof: provided, that the term of any such imprisonment shall not exceed a period of thirty ( ) days. • as renumbered by ordinance february , . ordinances of the sec. .* the common council shall have power and authority to provide by resolution for the grad- ing, construction and repair of all such sidewalks by contract which shall not have been graded, con- structed or repaired by the owner, agent or occupant. whenever any such sidewalk shall be graded, con- structed or repaired by contract, then the lot, lands tenements and premises in front of or adjacent to which any such sidewalk is so graded, constructed or repaired shall be charged and assessed the contract price only. and whenever the common council shall conclude any such contract, in the event of the fail- ure of the owner, agent or occupant to grade, build, construct or repair any such sidewalk, it shall then be the duty of the board of public works to forthwith notify such contractor of such default. whereupon such contractor shall forthwith proceed to grade, build, construct or repair any such sidewalk accord- ing to this ordinance and the order of the common council. sec. .* in the event of the failure, neglect or refusal of the common council to conclude any such contract, it shall be lawful for the board of public works to make and ordain rules for the letting by contract the grading, construction, and repairs - of sidewalks and crosswalks so ordered to be construct- ed or repaired by the common council, and the work done and material furnished by any such contractor shall be deemed to have been done and furnished by the board of public^ works. sec. .* in ordering the grading, construction or repairing of any sidewalk, it shall be sufficient in the resolution or order therefor, to specify the street and the side of the street upon which said sidewalk is or shall be located, and the name of the owner, or street number of the property, house, store or prem- * as renumbered by ordinance february , . city of ann arbor ises in front of which any such sidewalk shall be or- dered to be graded, constructed or repaired. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after the first day of april, a. d. . franchises. an ordinance authorizing the regents of the university of michigan to lay water pipes or mains in the streets, lanes and alleys. (passed march , .) whereas, the regents of the university of mich- igan have made application, by resolution, addressed to the common council of the city of ann arbor, for the privilege of laying down in the streets of said city water pipes, for the purpose of supplying said university with water; and whereas, it is by said council, after due considera- tion of such application, deemed expedient, rightful and proper to grant such privilege, under such rea- sonable reservations and restrictions as are herein- after mentioned; therefore, be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, in common council as- sembled: that the regents of the university of michigan be, and they are hereby authorized, to lay down in, along and across the public streets, lanes and alleys of said city, all such water pipes or mains as may be necessary to properly supply the buildings and grounds belonging or appertaining to said university with water for protection against fire and for general use, and for that purpose to dig, trench and excavate in, along and across such public streets, lanes and alleys: provided, and this grant of authority is made, and is to be accepted, held and used only upon con- ordinances of the dition, that the said regents shall not unnecessarily or unreasonably obstruct or injure any street, side- walk, crosswalk, lane or alley in trenching, digging or excavating for the purpose of laying water pipes or mains, and shall with reasonable diligence, and at their own charges, restore all such streets, sidewalks, crosswalks, lanes and alleys to as good a state of re- pair and condition as the same were in before dis- turbed by them, and shall at all times and in all re- spects fully indemnify and save harmless the city of ann arbor from and against all damages or costs which said city may incur or sustain by reason of any such trenching, digging, or excavating. an ordinance relative to privileges granted electric light co. (passed june , .) be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, mich.: section . that permission and authority be and the same is hereby granted unto the ann arbor van- depoele light and power company, of the city of ann arbor, in the state of michigan, and to their as- sociates and assigns to erect, construct, complete and operate electric light works to furnish light and pow- er and for use for chemical and mechanical purposes in the city of ann arbor, michigan, and the said grantees or either of them or their employees are hereby authorized and empowered to use the streets, avenues, lanes, alleys, public grounds and sidewalks belonging to or under the control of said city as it is now laid out, or as it may hereafter be laid out, ex- tended or enlarged, for the purpose of conveying elec- tricity in or through the city for the use of the city and its inhabitants for the purposes above stated, and the right of way is hereby given to said grantees city of ann aebob through such streets, avenues, lanes, alleys, public grounds and sidewalks for erecting the necessary poles and laying the necessary wires and other ap- pliances in, through, under and over the said streets, alleys, avenues, lanes, public grounds and sidewalks for the purpose herein stated: provided, the said streets, avenues, lanes, alleys, public grounds and sidewalks shall not be unnecessarily and continuous- ly obstructed, and they shall be within a reasonable length of time placed as near as possible in as good repair and condition as before such streets were so obstructed. sec. [ ] . that if the said ann arbor vande- poele light and power company shall not have com- menced the work of erecting said electric light works within sixty days and shall not have the same in suc- cessful operation within three months from the date hereof, that the authority herein granted shall be forfeited and authority void. an ordinance granting the edison electric light co. permission to set poles, string wires, etc. (passed october , . vote not recorded.) be it ordained by the mayor, recorder [and alder men] of the city of ann arbor, mich.: section . consent, permission and authority is hereby given to the edison electric light company of ann arbor, a corporation under and by virtue of the [laws of the] state of michigan, to erect, lay, operate and maintain and run in the public streets, lanes, avenues, alleys, parks and other public places in the city of ann arbor, all needful and proper poles, mains, wires, pipes, lamps, motors and other apparatus to be used for the transmission of electric- city of ann amor l l er works for the supply of water for the use of this city and its inhabitants; and whereas, the said ann arbor water company have made and executed with the common council of this city, a contract bearing date the sixth day of may, a. d. , whereby the said company agree to furnish water for said city and its inhabitants upon the terms and conditions in said contract mentioned; therefore, be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: that the exclusive right and privilege of executing and constmcting water works within the city, and of laying and continuing water pipes along and across any and all of the streets, sidewalks, lanes, alleys and public grounds in said city, and of supplying water for the city and for its inhabitants, be and is hereby granted and secured to the ann arbor water com- pany, upon the condition and under the restrictions in such contract mentioned, so long as said company shall continue to supply water for said city and for the inhabitants thereof, and shall comply with the restrictions and conditions in such contract named and imposed. which contract is as follows, to-wit: the contract. articles of agreement: made this th day of may, a.d. , between the "mayor, recorder and alder- men of the city of ann arbor," parties of the first part, and "the ann arbor water company," a cor poration organized and existing by virtue of chapter , of howell's annotated statutes of michigan, party of the second part. witnesseth: the party of the second part, here- by agrees and contracts with the parties of the first part, to build in the city of ann arbor, in the state of michigan, a complete system of water works, on ordinances of the the reservoir and pumping plan. the top of the reservoir shall be located not less than one hundred and fifty-five feet above the intersection of main and huron streets in said city, or at the point designated on the map and plans of professor c. e. greene, now on file in the office of the recorder of the city of ann arbor. the reservoir shall be made of earth, shall be puddled with clay, paved on the bottom and [on] the sides with cobble stones, and shall hold not less than two million gallons. the party of the second part shall maintain in said reservoir from one million to eighteen hundred thousand gallons of water, and at no time shall allow it to fall below seven hundred and fifty thousand gal- lons, except when necessary to cleanse the same, or in case of unavoidable accident, and during such time or times it shall maintain by direct pressure a sufficient supply of water for fire and domestic use, and shall keep up steam and also an engineer on hand ready to act in case of fire. the reservoir shall be cleansed whenever neces- sary. the inlet pipes to the reservoir shall be one foot above the bottom thereof, and shall be so arranged that the water pumped into said reservoir shall pass in a pipe up through the same above the level of the water, and then fall over on a stone rockery so as to give the water more aeration. a drain pipe shall be provided to empty the reser- voir. the banks of the reservoir shall be seeded and sodded. the party of the second part shall furnish and set up pumping machinery capable of pumping fifty thou- sand gallons of water per hour into the reservoir, and of ample power and capacity for all requirements. a connection between the force main and*the distribut- city of axx arbob ing main shall be put in to allow a direct pressure from the pump in ease of emergency. the works shall at all times be capable of throw- ing by reservoir pressure, six streams eighty feet high at the court house at one time; and by direct pressure, the same number of streams at the same place one hundred and ten feet high. and again five streams fifty-four feet high at the university campus, and the same number of streams at the same place by direct pressure, ninety feet high. in the construction of these works, the party of the second part shall follow the plans submitted by prof. c. e. greene, for the sizes and location of the distributing pipes, except so far as they have been or may hereafter be changed by the mutual consent of the parties thereto. the said plans and maps so as aforesaid submitted by prof. c. e. greene, now on file in the office of the city recorder and marked exhibit "a" are hereby made a part of this contract. the party of the second part shall lay pipes six- teen inches to four inches inclusive, not less than fourteen miles in length; and any excess of said four- teen miles as shown on the said plans and maps, shall be laid down within the territory now covered by said plan, unless the parties hereto otherwise mu- tually agree. not more than one mile of four inch pipe shall be laid down, and for the change so made in the plan of prof. c. e. greene, from four to six inch pipe, the parties of the first part shall pay to the party of the second part the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars every six months after the rent of said works com- mences. the said pipes shall be first-class cast iron pipes and shall be laid below freezing point. on the length of the pipes so constructed as afore- said, the party of the second part shall locate and ordinances of the maintain one hundred fire hydrants, for which they shall furnish at all times the necessary supply of water, and shall keep the same in good order and at all times ready for use. the said hydrants shall be either chapman, lud- low or pattee & perkins hydrants, and shall all be three nozzled, one steamer and two leading hose, and on these fourteen miles of pipe the parties of the first part may locate as many additional hydrants as they may see fit which shall be set and maintained by the parties of the first part on the terms hereinafter named. the parties of the first part shall have the right to send an expert to the foundry at which the pipes are being cast to inspect the same, and the material from which they are made. the party of the second part agrees that such pipe shall be subjected to a hjrdraulic pressure of three hundred pounds to the square inch at the foundry aforesaid, and that such tests shall be made in the presence of an expert so to be sent as aforesaid. the expense of the said expert shall be borne by the parties of the first part. but in case the parties of the first part should decide not to send such expert, the party of the second part shall furnish the parties of the first part a sworn statement that the pipes have been tested as provided for in this contract. the said party of the second part shall subject the entire system of pipes, gates and hydrants to a pres sure of one hundred and fifty pounds to the square inch, after the same are laid, constructed or put in. before the rental of the same shall commence. the party of the second part shall also set valves or gates not less than seventy-five in number, and all double faced, which shall all open one way and which shall be of uniform size in nut that shall fit one wrench. the party of the second part shall cause the pipes city of ann arbor to be laid on such side of the streets of said city as may be directed by said first parties or their repre- sentatives; and all gate boxes are to be adjusted so as to fit the grade of any street. every hydrant on the main pipe shall have a gate until a point is reached that gives two mains to the city aforesaid. the said second party shall lay at its own expense a surface pipe to the curb stone for all persons that may make application for water this season. the said second party on the completion of said works, shall make a map showing the size and loca- tion of all pipes, gates, hydrants, etc., and deposit the same with the city recorder, for the use of the said parties of the first part. the location of the gates and hydrants shall be subject to the approval of the parties of the first part. the said entire works shall be first-class in every respect, suitable for all these requirements, full, effi- cient and ready to respond at all times, unavoidable accidents excepted: provided however, in case of a temporary failure to supply such water for a period exceeding one week, all compensation shall cease udtil the works are again in operation, under this contract. no hydrants shall be located on a four inch pipe. the parties of the first part shall have the right to use the water to test their hose and to afford them a reasonable practice for their firemen. the said water works shall be completed and water turned on, on or before the first day of january, a.d. . for the service and continued supply of water, as above specified, the parties of the first part hereby agree to pay to the party of the second part the sum of four thousand dollars per annum, payable semi- annually, from and after the time when said water works shall be completed and in operation, in addi- tion to the five hundred dollars above named, and ordinances of the when further hydrants shall be established by direc- tion of the parties of the first part, as above provided, the parties of the first part to pay to the parties [party] of the second part the first cost in place for such additional hydrants, and the party of the second part shall supply such additional hydrants with water without further charge. similar hydrants on the same terms and conditions shall be put in on the line of said water pipes on the public streets at the re- quest of private parties and at the expense as afore- said. the depth at which the pipes are to be laid shall be below the freezing point of the grade of the streets through which they may be laid, as now established and of record. the party of the second part shall extend the pipes above specified beyond the said fourteen miles, when- ever ordered by the parties of the first part, and for every seven hundred feet of six inch pipe so ordered in such extension, the party of the second part shall erect and maintain one hydrant; and for each hydrant so maintained the party of the second part shall receive therefor at the rate of forty dollars per an- num, payable as aforesaid. the party of the second part shall furnish at all times a sufficient supply of water, suitable for domestic purposes to the inhabi- tants of the city of ann arbor along the lines of their water pipes, when requested so to do by such inhabi- tant at reasonable rates, and not exceeding in amount the average sums paid by inhabitants of other cities of michigan similarly situated and of like population, and supplied by private companies. the said party of the second part shall furnish such water as aforesaid for manufacturing purposes, and for railroad companies on as reasonable terms as is furnished by the average of other companies in this state and at a sum not to exceed two cents for one hundred gallons. chi of ann" arbor i the party of the second part farther agrees to so arrange the pipes, gates and relief valves that while cleaning the reservoir or for any other purpose the supply can be changed at any time from the reservoir to direct supply from the pump. all pipes and special castings shall be subjected to a bath of coal tar and linseed oil, according to dr. angus smith's formulas. the party of the second part further agrees to fur- nish water as aforesaid for the michigan central rail road company for depot and engine purposes at a sum not to exceed six hundred dollars per annum, and for the toledo, ann arbor and northern railroad company such water at the same rates. the party of the second part, in consideration of the premises agrees when requested so to do, to fur- nish water for the seven public school houses, of the said city, and the three fire engine houses, for the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars per annum; also to furnish water for two public drinking foun- tains for the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars per annum; also to furnish water for washing gutters and flushing sewers, whether now constructed or here- after to be built, and for the city council room for the sum of one hundred dollars per annum; also that they will furnish water for any school house or houses, that are now in process of construction, or that may hereafter be built for the sum of twenty-five dollars per annum each. it is here by understood that for the prices above men- tioned, the parties of the first part are to have the use of all the water that they may re- quire, at the places above mentioned, for water closets, urinals, drinking purposes, washing, washing hose, for supplying steam boilers, and for the use of hand hose, for washing windows in all the above buildings and for sprinkling the lawns, including the court house lawn, connected with the same. the said ordinances of the first parties shall not allow the water to be used in and about the buildings aforesaid to run to waste, or to be used for motive power except when generated into steam, or the water at the public drinking foun- tains to be taken therefrom for private use. the party of the second part shall protect the party [parties] of the first part from and against all suits and demands on account of any injury resulting from any defect in highways, or anything connected with the construction or existence of said water works, by the said party of the second part; and they [it] shall protect their [its] excavations and restore the streets promptly to as good condition, practically, as before the works were begun; and they [it] shall secure the performance of this agreement set forth in this paragraph by a good and sufficient bond to be approved by the parties of the first part. the parties of the first part do hereby grant to the party of the second part the right to lay pipes as above provided for water supply in any and all streets of the city of ann arbor. the said parties of the first part shall not grant such rights to any other party or parties until such time as the parties of the first part may purchase said water works; or the right of said party of the second part shall have expired by its articles of incorporation; or it shall have lost its rights and privileges by forfeiture, or its failure to perform its part of this contract: pro- vided however, that all rights of laying pipes already granted by the parties of the first part shall be re- spected and remain in force. the parties of the first part shall have the right to purchase the entire water works at any time they choose, and if the parties hereto cannot agree in the price to be paid therefor, the judge of the supreme court of the state of michigan may appoint three commissioners who shall award the price to be paid, and said award shall be binding upon the parties. city of ann arbor the grant to the party of the second part of the rights and privileges herein named is established by an ordinance of the said parties of the first part dnly adopted. in witness whereof the parties hereto by their re- spective officers have hereunto set their hands and affixed their corporate seals, the day and year first above written. [l. s.] the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, by george h. pond, recorder. [l. s.] the ann aebor water company, by chas. l. goodhue, president. this ordinance shall be in force from and after its passage. an ordinance relative to street railways. (passed august , ; amended september , ; amended may , ; amended september , ; amended august , ; amended may , .) be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor, mich.: section . that the consent, permission and au- thority of the city of ann arbor is hereby given to the ann arbor street railway company, a corpora- tion legally organized under and by authority of the laws of the state of michigan, to construct, own and maintain street passenger railways with single track, with all necessary tracks for turnouts, sidetracks, switches and turntables, and to run cars thereon for the transportation of passengers and their baggage and packages, through, along and upon the streets, avenues and highways of the said city of ann arbor hereinafter mentioned, and the same to keep, main- tain and use, and to operate thereon street railway cars and carriages during all the time hereinafter ordinances of the specified and limited, in the manner and upon the conditions set forth in this ordinance. sec. .* the streets, avenues and highways upon which said railways are to be constructed and oper- ated are as follows: commencing at the south end of the michigan central railroad bridge on detroit street; thence southwesterly on detroit street to catherine street; thence west on catherine street to main street; thence south on main street to william street; thence east on william street to state street; thence north on state street to north university avenue; thence east on north university avenue to washtenaw avenue; thence southeasterly on washtenaw avenue to the city limits. also from the intersection of hill street and washtenaw avenue westerly on hill street about five hundred feet to lincoln avenue, a proposed street on olivia b. hall's unrecorded plat of hall's addition to the city of ann arbor. and upon securing the right of way of said olivia b. hall, thence along lin- coln avenue to wells street; thence along wells street to the main entrance of the fair grounds. also com- mencing at the intersection of main and william streets, thence south on main street to packard street; thence southeasterly on packard street (sometimes called the south ypsilanti road) to the city limits. all of said railway shall be completed on or be- fore october st, , except that portion of the line extending from the intersection of hill street and washtenaw avenue east to the city limits, and that portion of the line extending south from william street upon main and packard streets to the city limits, which said last portions of said line shall be constructed as soon as necessary to make connection with the proposed ann arbor and ypsilanti railroad, and on or before october , . * as amended by ordinance passed sept. is, ; approved sept. , . city of ann arbor sec. .* that the said railway company shall give written notice of acceptance of this ordinance to the city clerk within ten days after its passage, ac- companying said notice of acceptance by a deposit of a certified check for eight hundred dollars in addition to the two hundred dollars already deposited in one of the ann arbor city banks, which shall be forfeited to the city if work on said railway is not completed on or before september , . sec. . the tracks of all railways constructed under this ordinance shall be laid on said streets in conformity with the direction of the city council and its civil engineer, and on such location along said streets as the said city council shall by its own act, or through their said engineer, prescribe. before commencing to lay said track, said railway company shall notify said city council thereof. but if said common council shall fail or refuse to locate said railway in any of the streets, avenues and highways hereinbefore described, for thirty days after the writ- ten request by said company filed with the recorder of said city, then said location of said railway shall be laid in the center thereof. sec. . the gauge of the track shall be feet v inches, and the said city council shall have the gen- eral supervision and control of the construction of the tracks of said railroad. said railroad company shall place no impediment to the ordinary use of the streets and avenues traversed by said tracks and place no obstructions to the free flow of water across or along the gutters in said streets and avenues and for such purposes said company shall construct bridges, culverts and passageways for water in such manner as to best accomplish the purposes aforesaid. * as amended by ordinance passed may , ; approved may , . ordinances of the sec. .* the tracks of said railway, and the rails laid thereon, shall be constructed of the best material in use, and such rails shall be approved by the com- mon council before the same shall be laid in said streets, and the same shall be laid in such a manner as shall least obstruct the free passage of vehicles or carriages over the same, and shall be laid by the com- pany to conform as nearly as possible to the estab- lished grade of said streets. sec. .t the cars used on said railway shall be drawn by animals or electricity only and at a speed not exceeding the rate of eight miles per hour, and shall be run as often as the city council shall prescribe: provided, that cars shall not be required to run often- er than fifteen minutes between the hours of a. m. and p. m., daily, or oftener than every thirty minutes between the hours of p. m. and p. m., daily. if electricity be used as a motive power, said com- pany is authorized to erect and maintain all the nec- essary poles, arms and wires required for the full electrical equipment for the propulsion of their cars. where practicable the poles of existing companies shall be used. poles shall be either round or octa- gonal in shape as may be determined upon by the said street railway company, and be painted to correspond in color with the foliage of the shade trees. all wires and overhead work shall be suspended not less than eighteen feet above the track. all ma- terial and work shall be of the best, and subject to the approval of the board of public works. if propulsion by means of storage battery shall be generally adopted as electrical motive power for street car purposes in other cities the same shall be adopted by this company and the use of poles and wires dis- *as amended by ordinance passed sept. , ; approved sept. , . fas amended by ordinance passed august , ; approved august , . city of ann arbob pensed with. the cars in use on said railway shall be run for no other purpose than to transport pas- sengers and their baggage and the cars and carriages for that purpose, shall be of the best style in use on such railways and properly warmed in cold weather by a modern heating apparatus: provided, that oth- er cars may be used for cleaning and repairing said railway. after sunset all cars while running shall be provided with suitable signal lights in both front and rear cars. sec. . the rate of fare for each passenger shall not exceed five cents the entire length of whole line of road or any part thereof: provided, no [one] pas- senger shall ride over the same track twice without paying an additional fare; and for the carriage of packages and baggage of passengers such additional sum may be charged as may be justly proportionate to said price herein allowed for carriage of passengers themselves, except that ordinary hand satchels and hand packages not exceeding twenty-five pounds in weight shall be carried for passengers free of charge. sec. . no car shall be allowed to stop upon a crosswalk nor in front of any intersecting street, un- less from unavoidable necessity, and no car shall be allowed to remain standing upon the line of said route for passengers or for any purpose so as to un- reasonably impede the passing of other vehicles, and when the driver or conductor of any car is required to stop at the intersection of streets to receive or leave passengers, the car shall be stopped so as to leave the rear platform slightly over the crossing be- yond the street crossed. cars driven in the same direction shall not ap- proach nearer each other than fifty feet unless from unavoidable necessity. sec. . said grantees, or their successors or as- signs, are authorized to use on their cars the patent ordinances of the cash box (so-called) for the reception of fares, and in case of the using of said patent cash boxes as afore- said, on any of their cars, to dispense w ith the em- ployment of a conductor other than the driver on the cars upon which said patent cash boxes are used: provided, that upon public occasions when the cars are crowded with passengers a conductor shall be provided for each car. sec. . the grantees, or their successors or as- signs, shall employ careful, sober and prudent agents, conductors and drivers to take charge of their cars while on the road, and it shall be the duty of all such agents, conductors and drivers to keep vigilant watch for all teams, carriages, vehicles or persons on foot, and especially children, either upon the track or mov- ing towards it. at the first appearance of danger to such team, carriage or vehicle, footman or children, or other obstruction the car shall be stopped in the shortest time and space possible, and the said com- pany shall be liable for, and hold said city of ann arbor forever harmless from any and all damages which may occur to persons or property by reason of construction, use or management of said street rail- way. drivers or conductors shall not allow ladies or children to enter or leave the cars while in motion. sec. . any wilful violation of, or failure to comply with the provisions of this ordinance, by said railway company, or by any agent, conductor, driver or any person in the employ of said company, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed fifty dollars and costs; and the imposition of any such fine and costs, the court may make a further sentence that the of- fender be committed to the county jail or to the de- troit house of correction, until the payment thereof, for any period of time not exceeding three months. sec. . the said company shall be liable to said city of ann arbor for all costs and damages suffered city of ann arbor by or recovered against it, in consequence of any act, neglect or default of said company, its officers, agents or servants, or from a breach of said company, its of- ficers, agents or servants, of any of the provisions of this ordinance; and the said company agrees to pay the same, and to secure the payment thereof the city of ann arbor shall have a lien upon the franchises and property of said company, and such lien is here- by created and given thereon to said city of ann arbor for the purpose aforesaid. sec. . the cars upon said railway shall always be entitled to the track, and the driver of any vehicle obstructing the same shall turn and leave the track free upon the approach of any car as soon as practi- cable, and so as not to impede the car, and any person who shall refuse so to do after having been notified by the driver or conductor by the ringing of the car bell, or otherwise, or who shall in any way unneces- sarily obstruct, delay or interfere with or injure or destroy the track of said road, or the cars or other property of said company, shall, upon conviction thereof before any justice of the peace or other court having jurisdiction, be fined in any sum not exceeding twenty-five dollars. sec. . wherever gaspipes, waterpipes, sewers, drains, gutters or cisterns are now laid in the streets herein specified and along which railways are to pass, the said railway must be laid down and maintained subject to the rights now in the said city of ann ar- bor to repair, take up or remove any such gaspipes, waterpipes, sewers, drains, gutters or cisterns with- out claim against said city. the same to be done in such manner as not unnecessarily to damage or injure said railways or their use, and the said city of ann arbor expressly reserves to itself the right to remove or obstruct, or authorize the same to be done, any portion of the said railway track wherever it shall be ordinances of the necessary for public convenience in laying down or repairing waterpipes, gaspipes, sewers, drains, gutters or cisterns, or for any other work necessary to be done by said city for public or private convenience, and for such length of time as may be necessary therefor, without incurring any liability for damages to said company, not however, disturbing the running of cars where it can be reasonably avoided. the said city, gas and water companies or private individuals who shall take up pavement for the purpose aforesaid, being always required to restore the railway, pave- ment and street to its former condition as near as may be; and the said city of ann arbor further re- serves to any person, persons, company or corporation any and all rights, privileges or franchises heretofore by said city given or granted to any such person, per- sons, company or corporation, or by them or either or any of them, from any other source lawfully ob- tained; none of which rights are to be impaired or affected by anything herein contained, and the rights and privileges hereby granted are subject thereto. sec. . the city of ann arbor shall not be liable in any way to said company for any damages it may sustain from the breaking or overflow of water from any sewer or drain, or the caving in of any cistern or breaking down of any bridge, or from the breaking of any waterpipe or gaspipe, or by reason of any changes in the grade of any of the streets of said vil- lage or city, or by reason of any other work or im- provement necessary to be done by said city: pro- vided, that such city shall not be negligent in per- forming such work. sec. . the right is also hereby reserved to the city council of the city of ann arbor, to make such further rules, orders or regulations concerning the construction and operation of said railway as may from time to time be deemed necessary to protect the city of ann aebor interests, safety, welfare or accommodation of the public in relation to said railways. sec. .* the said railway company, and their successors and assigns, in case horses shall be per- manently employed as a motive power, shall pave the surface of the streets inside the rails in a good and substantial manner when so directed by the common council, upon any part or the whole of said railway, conforming the grade thereof to the adjacent street. the said railway company shall not interfere with or disturb the surface of the streets outside of the limit above prescribed unless absolutely necessary in which event it shall at once restore the pavement and surface thus disturbed to as good condition as before. sec. .* the said railway company shall at all times keep the surface of the streets inside the rails clear of snow, ice and dirt, which may be spread even- ly over the street through which said railway shall pass, which shall also be done in case of double tracks, side tracks, turnouts and switches. sec. . if the said company, its successors or assigns, shall at any time hereafter refuse, fail or neglect to comply with the provisions of this ordi- nance or any part thereof, all rights, privileges, in- terests, permission and authority hereby granted shall thenceforth cease and be forfeited, and the said city of ann arbor be entitled to take possession of the en- tire routes and streets over which the said railways may have been constructed. sec. . the powers and privileges conferred by the provisions of this ordinance shall be limited to thirty years from and after the date of its passage. sec. . said grantees shall within ten days after the passage of this ordinance signify their acceptance *as amended by ordinance passed sept. , ; approved sept. , . ordinances of the in writing of the rights and privileges hereby granted, and file the same with the city recorder. sec. . if the said grantees shall fail to com- plete the aforesaid railway within the time prescribed by this ordinance, then all the rights and privileges herein granted shall be forfeited, and the city of ann arbor shall be entitled to take possession thereof: provided, the common council of the city of ann arbor does not extend the time: and provided fur- ther, that if the said grantees shall be delayed by the order or injunction of any court, or any officer there- of authorized to make or issue such order or injunc- tion, then the time of such delay shall be excluded from the time of completion prescribed in this ordi nance. sec. . the said ann arbor railway company shall be exempted from license tax for the term of ten years from and after the passage of this ordinance. sec. .* any company or corporation operating a street railway under the power herein granted, shall at all times from the first day of april to the first day of november in each year cause that portion of all streets, over which its cars are operated, to be sprin- kled with water between the rails and for ten feet on each side of the track to such an extent as to lay the dust, provided, that the said corporation shall be liable to the city of ann arbor in the penal sum of $ and cost of suit, for each day or part of day dur- ing the time aforesaid that said sprinkling shall be neglected, to be recovered in an action of assumpsit for money had and received in any court of competent jurisdiction. this ordinance shall take effect in ten days after legal publication. * as amended may , . city of ann abb k an ordinance relative to street railways, and author- izing the ann arbor street railway company to extend its railway lines. passed nov. , ; approved nov. , s .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . the consent, permission and authority of the city of ann arbor is hereby granted to the ann arbor street railway company and to its suc- cessors and assigns, to construct, own, maintain and operate additions and extensions to their present elec- tric street railway system, on and along the streets and avenues hereinafter mentioned, with all neces- sary tracks, turn outs, side tracks, switches and turn tables, and to run cars thereon for the transportation of passengers and their baggage, and to operate there- on street railway cars under the conditions and in the manner limited in a certain ordinance passed in the common council on the th day of august, s, and the amendments thereto. sec. . the streets, avenues and highways upon, along and over which said additions and extensions of said street railway are to be constructed, main- tained and operated are as follows, that is to say: commencing in [north main street at the north line of ann street; thence north along north main street to depot street; thence east along depot street to the intersection with its present line on detroit street. also commencing at the intersection of its present track on detroit street; thence easterly along de- troit street to broadway; thence easterly along broadway to the city limits. also commencing at the intersection with its pres- ent tracks at state and william streets; thence south- erly along state street to monroe street; thence east- erly along monroe street to east university avenue; ordinances of the thence southerly along east university avenue to hill street; thence easterly along hill street to con- nect with its present line thereon. also commencing at the intersection with its pres- ent track in wells street at the north entrance of the fair grounds; thence west along wells street to for- est avenue, and southerly along wells street to, and to connect with, its present track on grove or pack- ard street. sec. . this franchise is granted upon the ex press condition that said street railway company, its successors and assigns, shall and will construct, main- tain and operate its said additions and extensions in all things according to the provisions of and con- ditions contained in said railway company's original franchise and amendments thereto; and that said ad- ditions and extensions and every [one] of them shall be in all things constructed and in full operation within one year from the date of the passage of this ordinance; and that a failure to construct any or either of said additions and extensions in the time aforesaid or in the manner aforesaid shall operate to avoid this franchise relating thereto, without any no- tice or action taken on the part of the said, the city of ann arbor, or any officer thereof. this ordinance shall take immediate effect and be in force after legal publication. an ordinance relative to street railways. (passed feb. , ; approved feb. , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that the consent, permission and authority of the city of ann arbor is hereby given to the ann arbor and ypsilanti street railway com- pany, a corporation legally organized under and by ordinances of the an ordinance relative to gas works. (passed sept. , ; approved sept. , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that the right and privilege of erect- ing and maintaining gas works within the city, and of laying and continuing, the gas pipes along and across any and all of the streets, sidewalks, lanes, alleys and public grounds in said city, and of manu- facturing gas in said city for sale for lighting and fuel purposes, and of supplying said city and the buildings and streets therein with gas, be and is here- by granted to the ann arbor gas company, a cor- poration organized under the laws of the state of michigan, its successors and assigns, upon the con- ditions and restrictions hereinafter mentioned, so long as said company shall continue to supply gas, and shall comply with the restrictions and conditions hereinafter mentioned, and not exceeding in all a period of ten years. sec. . this grant is made subject to the follow- ing restrictions and conditions, to wit: first. that said company shall within thirty days make and file with the city clerk, to be recorded and preserved, a copy of the articles of association of said company, and a written assent by this com- pany to the provisions of said ordinance. second. that said company shall supply and continue to supply all persons along the line of its main pipe, who may suitably supply their premises and buildings with service pipe and necessary fix- tures and appurtenances, with gas; and all gas for lighting purposes so furnished by said company, shall be of a candle power of sixteen candles or over and shall be furnished at a rate not exceeding two dol- lars per thousand cubic feet for private consumers, city of ann arbor and to the corporation of the city of ann arbor at a rate not exceeding one dollar and fifty cents per thousand feet: provided, that if the price of coal and oil shall advance to exceed twenty per cent over the present price, the price of gas may be advanced pro rata in the proportion that the cost of coal and oil enters into the cost of the manufacture of gas: provided further, that the rate at which gas is fur- nished to private consumers shall not at any time exceed the average rate paid for gas by consumers in other cities of michigan. third. said company shall extend its existing mains whenever a sufficient number of persons resid- ing on the line of the proposed extension shall agree to become consumers of gas to make such extension pay an interest of five per cent. on the investment necessary to make such extension. fourth. said corporation shall do no permanent injury to, and shall take care not unnecessarily or unreasonably to obstruct any street, pavement, side- walk, lane or alley; and when it shall open ground to lay pipe or for any other purpose whatever, it shall with all diligence restore the streets, pavements, side- walks or grounds to a condition equally as good as before, and to the satisfaction of the board of public works, and shall promptly comply with any order or resolution of said board, or of the common council, in reference thereto. and it shall make application to the board of public works before extending its pipes through any of the streets, lanes, alleys or pub- lic grounds of said city, and shall lay its pipes, when making extensions, in such part of the street as the board of public works shall direct. and said com- pany shall in all respects fully indemnify and save harmless the city of ann arbor from and against all damages or costs which the city may be put to or sus- tain by reason of any such digging or excavation. ordinances of the sec. . an ordinance entitled "an ordinance relative to gas works," passed april , , is here- by repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect in ten days after due publication. an ordinance extending the time of operation of the provisions of an ordinance entitled "an ordi- nance relative to gas works," passed sep- tember , , and approved sep- tember , . (passed april , ; approved april , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor.or- dain: section . that all the rights and privileges granted to the ann arbor gas company by an ordi- nance entitled "an ordinance relative to gas works," passed september , , and approved september , , and all of the provisions, condi- tions and restrictions of said ordinance be and are hereby extended for a period of thirty years, from and after the fourth day of september, a. d. . sec. . nothing in this ordinance contained shall be construed to prevent the common council from hereafter passing and causing to be enforced an ordi- nance providing for the inspection of gas meters and requiring said company, its successors and assigns, to pay the costs of such inspection whenever said company's meters shall be found to be defective. this ordinance shall take immediate effect. city of ann arboit an ordinance granting the toledo, ann arbor and northern railroad company certain rights and privileges. (passed april , .) whereas, the toledo, ann arbor and northern railroad company, by its directors and attorney, has made application to the common council of the city of ann arbor, to grant to said railroad company the right to construct and maintain its road, for and dur- ing the term of the corporate existence of said com- pany, upon and across any and each stream, water- course, street, lane, alley and highway which the route of the road of said company shall or does lie along or intersect within the limits of the city of ann arbor, as the same is now located or as the same shall be hereafter located, the route as so located heretofore south of felch street, in said city, being designated on the map thereof certified by a majority of the board of directors of said company and filed in the office of the register of deeds of the county of washtenaw in the state of michigan, on the th day of april, a. d., , and being also designated by a red line on the map or drawing annexed to said appli- cation, representing the center line of said road ex- tending continuously across hill street, mosely street, madison street, main street, or saline road, william street, first street, liberty street, washington street, huron street, ann street, catherine street and felch street, as shown by said map so filed and by said map so annexed to such application; and also upon and across such other streets, lanes and alleys as such company shall hereafter require for the route of said road through said city of ann arbor by a single con- tinuous route not exceeding one hundred feet in width: provided, however, that the route of said road through said city shall not be located or established in the first ward north of william street, or in the ordinances of the second ward east of second street; such grant to be made on condition that said company or its succes- sors shall within two years of the date hereof have constructed or caused to be constructed its road from ann arbor to the state line, between the state of michigan and ohio, or to the line of the road for- merly known as the michigan southern and northern indiana railroad, and upon the further condition that the grade of said railroad shall be on the grade of such streets so intersected by such railroad, or if not on the same grade of such streets that said com- pany shall at its own expense provide and maintain suitable crossings for street passengers, horses and carriages on such streets over or under the track of said railroad, and such grant also to be made with the understanding that said company will adopt the usual and reasonable safeguards to avoid accidents and injuries to persons and property which may be lawfully on such streets, and that such company will do no unreasonable damage to such streets, and that such grant is applied for subject to whatever limita- tions or restrictions are imposed thereon by law; and, whereas, the said company has also made the further application to said common council for the grant to said company of the license and right to re- move the earth and gravel within the limits of felch street, between spring street and first street, ex- tending northward across felch street, in said city of ann arbor, so as to reduce the grade and level of said felch street, in said city of ann arbor, between those points of intersection, to a uniform grade not higher than the grade of such street at such inter- section points and to use the surplus gravel, earth and stone so taken for the construction of said rail- road as said company shall deem expedient; and, whereas, the said applications and propositions city of ann' arbor of said company have been and are agreed to by the common council of said city of ann arbor; therefore. be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and alder- men of the city of ann arbor in common coun- cil assembled: that the said application of the said railroad company for the right to construct and maintain its said road as now located, r as the same may be lo- cated hereafter by a single continuous route for the term of the corporate existence of said company, sub- ject to the conditions and limitations aforesaid, upon, across and along any and each stream, watercourse, street, lane, alley and highway which the route of the road of said company shall or does lie along or inter- sect within the limits of the city of ann arbor be and the same is hereby granted; and be it further ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen in common council assembled: that the further application of said company for the right to remove and use the gravel, earth and stones from the part of felch street above described, as above set forth, be and the same is hereby granted to said company. an ordinance authorizing the construction, mainte- nance and operation of an electric telephone ex- change within the city of ann arbor. (passed may , ; approved may , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that the new state telephone co., a corporation organized under the laws of the state of michigan, be and hereby is licensed and given permis- sion and authority to construct and maintain in the ordinances of the city of ann arbor, an electric telephone exchange, and for this purpose to erect, maintain, operate and use in the public streets, avenues and alleys of said city, necessary poles, masts, wires and other appara- tus, and to rent and collect rent therefor telephones, subject, however, to the conditions and limitations in this ordinance contained. sec. . all poles, masts and wires shall be placed and erected under the supervision of the board of public works of the city of ann arbor, whose duty it shall be to see that such poles, masts and wires are erected and constructed and maintained in such man- ner as not to annoy or interfere unnecessarily with the owners or occupants of property in said city, or with shade trees, and in such manner as not to inter- fere with the traffic upon the streets, avenues and al- leys of said city. sec. . avhenever said new state telephone company, or its successors or assigns, shall propose to enter upon any street, alley, or avenue, in said city for the purpose of erecting poles and masts therein, and stringing wires therein, it shall, five days pre- vious to the delivery of any poles in said street, ave- nue or alley, and five days previous to the erection of any poles in, or masts, or the stringing of any wire in said street, avenue or alley, give notice to the board of public works of its purpose and intention in this behalf; and the board of public works shall have the right, and it shall be the duty of said board, to pre- scribe such reasonable regulations and rules for the setting of any such posts, poles or masts and the stringing of wires in said street, avenue or alley, and concerning the digging up of said street, avenue or alley, and the restoring of the surface of the same, as it shall deem proper and necessary. such notice to the board shall be in writing, and shall designate the street, avenue or alley proposed city of ann arbor to be entered upon and the distance therein by blocks that it is proposed to erect poles, masts or other elec- tric apparatus, and as nearly as possible, the places in said streets, avenues, or alleys where it is proposed to set or erect posts, poles or masts. the rules and regulations made by said board concerning the erection of such poles, masts and wires, shall be by resolution entered upon its minutes. sec. . wood or iron poles or masts may be used. if wood, the poles or masts shall be reasonably straight and shaved and painted the entire length thereof, and shall be set upright in the ground, and such as may be hereafter provided for by a general ordinance affecting all such poles or masts within the city of ann arbor. on all paved streets such poles, posts or masts shall be placed between the curb and the sidewalk, and upon all parked streets said poles, posts or masts shall be placed in line with the shade trees upon said parking, except where such position is occupied by poles not belonging to the new state telephone co. all wires shall be strung at least twenty feet from the surface of the ground, except when entering build- ings. plant wires, insulators and all apparatus shall be modern and first-class in every respect. no wire or wires shall'be attached to buildings except by con- sent of the owner. sec. . all poles, posts and masts erected under this ordinance shall be subject to, and this ordinance is granted expressly upon condition that the city may use the top twenty-four inches of any and all of said poles, posts or masts for the purpose of string- ing thereon and supporting electric wires for fire alarm and police purposes, without charge to said city, and without compensation to said new state telephone co., or its successor or assigns, and said io ordinances of the new state telephone company shall leave the top twenty-four inches of each pole vacant. such use of said poles, posts or masts to be in all cases without interference with the carrying on of the business of said new state telephone company, or its assigns. sec. . the said new state telephone company and its successors and assigns shall at all times fur- aish to the city of ann arbor, free, and without cost to said city, ten telephones and ten other telephones iit half the regular cost of same to said city for official use and fire protection, with the necessary and proper service, said telephones to be placed in such offices and places as the common council shall by resolution direct. if more than said twenty telephones are required by the said city of ann arbor at any time, the price charged said city for any number of telephones in excess of twenty, shall be one-half the price fixed by this company for business places, and no more. the said company is required to move any or all of said twenty telephones free, and without cost to said city, whenever required so to do by resolution of the common council: provided, that if any or all of said twenty telephones shall be moved as aforesaid more than once in each year, the city of ann arbor shall pay to the new state telephone company the actual cost of removal. sec. . the maximum rates or rentals to be charged by said new state telephone company for its telephones, including all service except out of town messages, shall be: for telephones used in business places, or offices, twenty-four dollars per annum; and for telephones used in residences eighteen dollars per annum. the rentals herein prescribed may be collected by said telephone company quarterly in advance. city of anx arbor sec. . said new state telephone company shall before beginning the construction and erection of its plant in the city of ann arbor, deposit with the city clerk of said city a bond in the sum of two thousand five hundred dollars, satisfactory to the common coun- cil conditioned to save said city harmless from any liability or expense of any nature for or on account of any claim or claims, suits or actions against said city growing out of, or based upon any carelessness or negligence of any of the officers, agents or em- ployes of said new state telephone company in the erection or operation of its said plant, or exchange. sec. . the right is reserved to amend or alter this ordinance at any time and to make such other and further rules and regulations as public convenience or necessity may require concerning the extension, operation or construction of the plant and apparatus of the said new state telephone company, its succes- sors or assigns, and if said new state telephone com- pany shall at any time fail to comply with any of the conditions of this ordinance, or any reasonable and proper regulation made by the board of public works, us provided in this ordinance, or shall at any time neglect or refuse to comply with any amendment to this ordinance or any further rule or regulation of the common council concerning the extension, opera- tion or construction of the plant and apparatus of the said new state telephone company, the common council by a two-thirds vote of its members elect, may declare this ordinance to be void, and all rights of the said new state telephone company, its succes- sors or assigns, to be forfeited; and may require the said new state telephone company, its successors and assigns, in a proper manner, to remove its poles, posts, and masts and wires, from any street, ave- nue or alley of the said city, and upon the failure of said company, after sixty days' notice, to so remove ordinances of the any such poles, posts, masts or wires, upon the direc- tion of the common council to remove the same at the expense of the said new state telephone com- pany, its successors or assigns: provided, that no regulation shall be made hereafter by the common council, or the board of public works under this sec- tion, that does not also apply to all other telephone companies operating within the city limits. sec. . in case said new state telephone com- pany should consolidate with any other person, com- pany or corporation, then this franchise shall be and become null and void. sec. . whenever the new state telephone com- pany shall extend its lines to and open an exchange in the city of ypsilanti, said company shall furnish communication between subscribers in ann arbor and subscribers in ypsilanti without extra charge. whenever said company shall extend its lines to detroit, it shall furnish communication between ann arbor and detroit for ten cents for the privilege of talking over said line for a period of five minutes. sec. . this ordinance shall not become opera- tive unless: first. the new state telephone company shall within the same time, file with the common council of the city of ann arbor the acceptance of said new state telephone company of this ordinance, to be shown by resolution of its board of directors. it shall within thirty days after two hundred and seventy-five subscribers have been secured, have pro- vided material for, and begun the construction of a plant, poles, wires and other apparatus. it shall at the time of filing its acceptance of this ordinance, as provided, also file with the common council the bond provided in section of this ordi- nance. city of ann arbor an ordinance authorizing the detroit, ypsilanti and ann arbor railway company to construct and maintain a street railway in the city of ann arbor, and defining the powers, privileges and restrictions of the said railway company. (.passed march , ; approved march , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that consent, permission and author- ity be and is hereby given and granted to the detroit, ypsilanti and ann arbor railway co., a corporation organized and existing under the street railway laws of the state of michigan, and to its successors and assigns, to construct, maintain, use and operate for the period of thirty years from and after the date of the approval of this ordinance, a street railway in, along and upon ann street to fourth avenue, in, along and upon said fourth avenue to huron, and in, along and upon said huron street to main street, it being the intention hereby to give to the grantee herein a right to form a loop around the court house in the city of ann arbor. sec. . the track of said railway shall be laid in the center of the aforementioned streets. sec. . an overhead electric trolley system, with tubular iron poles, which shall be kept painted by the grantee herein is hereby authorized to be used. sec. . the said the detroit, ypsilanti & ann arbor railway shall have the right to maintain, use and operate the line of railway in connection with any and all of the lines of railway which it now owns, or may hereafter acquire, and may use said railway for any and all purposes allowed by the street rail- way laws of the state of michigan. ordinances of the sec. . any and all roads that may hereafter be built in and into the city of ann arbor shall have the right and privilege to use the streets herein named and the tracks of the grantee thereon upon the pay- ment of car mileage for current and trackage to the grantee herein. and in case any persons, companies or corporations shall be unable to agree with the grantee herein upon said car mileage for current and trackage, the same shall be submitted to three arbi- trators (no one of whom shall have been personally connected with the matter to which these presents refer) to be appointed as follows: one by the grantee herein, and one by the com- pany making the application, and the third by the two thus chosen; the decision of any two of whom shall be final and binding upon all parties concerned. sec. c. if said streets, or any of them, shall be paved, the said corporation, its successors and as- signs, shall pave, at its own expense, all that part of the street lying between the outer ends of the ties of said railway with the same material as the street is ordered paved with, and shall have the right to take up such part of the pavement of any of said streets as may be necessary to lay, repair, or relay its tracks, but replace the same in a proper and work- manlike manner. the grantee herein shall use steel ties on concrete foundation, per city specifications, and grooved rails, and iron poles, as mentioned in section two, on all streets that may now or hereafter be ordered paved by the common council of the city of ann arbor. sec. . the grantee herein hereby agrees to fur- nish free transportation to all police officers and members of the fire and engineering departments of the city of ann arbor, while said persons are on duty; and also to letter carriers until such time as provision shall be made by the united states post- city of ann arbor office department to pay for the transportation of such letter carriers. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force immediately after due publication. an ordinance, granting to j. d. hawks and s. f. angus, their heirs, associates, successors and assigns, permission and authority to construct and maintain, own and operate, an electric street railway in the city of ann arbor. (passed december , ; approved december , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that j. d. hawks and s. f. angus, their heirs, associates, successors and assigns, or the corporation constructing and operating the street railway under this franchise, be and are hereby grant- ed consent, permission, power and authority to con- struct, maintain and operate a street railway for the period of thirty years only, the motive power of which shall be compressed air, direct current system of elec- tricity, multiphase or alternating current system of electricity, storage batteries, or other modern rapid motive power, excepting steam, at the option of said grantees, with, from time to time, the necessary switches, turnouts, poles, feeder wires and other wires and appliances to operate the same, through the city of ann arbor, and towards, or to, jackson, upon and along the following streets in the city of ann arbor, namely: commencing on main street at the intersection of the tracks of the detroit, ypsilanti & ann arbor railway in the center of huron street, thence west on huron street and jackson avenue to the westerly l ordinances of the city limits, crossing the tracks of the ann arbor rail- way company at grade, or in the event the said tracks of the said steam railway shall be raised and the grade separated thereat, then under the tracks of the said steam railway: in the event of the rail- road commissioner's refusing consent to a grade crossing, and the non-separation of the grades of the grades thereat, then on an overhead bridge, such over- head bridge to be of modern design, of width and ca- pacity sufficient to carry and accommodate the said electric railway, and also all public travel and traffic; such overhead bridge and the approaches thereto to be constructed on the grade, of the width, and accord- ing to a plan to be approved by the common council, and under the direction of the city engineer, or such other person, or persons, as the common council shall or may appoint; such overhead bridge, its approaches, the construction and maintenance thereof, and as well as all injury and damage occasioned thereby to ad- joining property, or otherwise, to be without cost to the city of ann arbor. provided, that, and in the event of an application to the railroad crossing board for an adjudication di- recting the construction of such overhead bridge, the maintenance thereof, and the payment of damages occasioned thereby, and the distribution of the costs and expenses attending the same among the said grantees, the ann arbor railroad company and the city of ann arbor, then the said grantees shall, will and doth agree to pay all sums or sum of money which shall be in such proceedings charged, adjudged or awarded against the city of ann arbor. provided further, and before the work of con- struction of such overhead bridge shall be commenced, that said grantees shall and will adjust, settle and pay all damage to adjoining property, that if the property owner and said grantees shall not be able to agree on the question of just compensation, then such damages shall be adjusted by arbitrators, one city of ann arbor to be chosen by the said grantees, one by the property owner claiming damage, and the third by the two thus appointed. provided, however, and in the event of a failure to agree on such compensation and the failure or re- fusal of the land owner claiming damage, to appoint an arbitrator within a period of three days after no- tice, then such work of construction may proceed, and said damage shall be otherwise adjusted. sec. . the said street railway shall be construct- ed and consist of a standard gauge track with, from time to time, all necessary switches and turnouts, and, together with all of its cars, appliances and equip- ments, shall be constructed and maintained in the most approved modern manner and in all respects of first-class material, and so as to interfere and inter- rupt as little as possible the ordinary traffic on and along the said streets and highways. sec. . this grant is made upon the express con- dition that said proposed street railway be construct- ed, fully completed, and in operation, within one year from the date of the final passage and accept- ance of this ordinance, and upon the further condi- tion this ordinance shall be only on the condi- tion that, within six months from the passage and acceptance thereof, the said grantees shall have fully completed at least ten miles of their proposed railway from ann arbor to jackson, measuring from the westerly city limits, and in the event of a failure so to complete said street railway and to construct the said ten miles thereof, then this ordinance shall be in all things null and void. this ordinance and franchise is granted upon the further condition that the said grantees do, within one year and three months after the passage of this ordinance, construct complete for operation, in con- nection with their said suburban railway line, a ordinances of the branch therefrom to the village of dexter, and to continuously thereafter operate the same in connec- tion with their said railway; provided, however, and in the event of the con- struction of a direct electric railway line from the city of ann arbor to the village of dexter, then the said grantees may have leave and be at liberty to abandon their said dexter branch. and this franchise is granted upon the further express condition that if the said grantees, their heirs, successors or assigns, shall sell, assign or con- solidate, or attempt to sell, assign or consolidate the electric railway to be constructed under this fran- chise, with any steam railway; or if the said electric railway, so to be constructed, or the stock or bonds thereof, shall be purchased, or otherwise acquired, by any such steam railway, or by any director, or other principal officer, or other person acting in be- half of any such steam railway, this franchise shall from thence be null and void. and upon the further condition, and the common council of the city of ann arbor shall have power and authority, by ordinance to require the said gran- tees, their successors and assigns, and the corpora- tion operating the street railway under this franchise, to sprinkle, wet down, and lay the dust on all that part of every street occupied by their tracks, or upon which their said cars are run, and for a space or distance of two feet on either side of their said tracks, to the extent and so that the dust shall be at all times well and sufficiently laid. and the said common council shall have power and authority at all times to make such further rules, orders, ordinances or regulations, concerning the construction and operation of said street railway and cars as may, from time to time, be deemed necessary to protect the interests, safety and welfare of the inhabitants of the said city, and city of ann abbor to accommodate the public in its relations to the said railway s stem. sec. . the said grantees, their heirs, associates, successors and assigns, and the corporation operating the street railway under this franchise, shall have the right, privilege, power and authority, to carry passengers, baggage, express, united states mail, light and package freight, and shall carry passengers —that is to say, local passengers, meaning thereby all persons who shall or may apply for carriage and transportation within the corporate limits of the city of ann arbor over the said line of street rail- way, or any part thereof, for one continuous passage one way, for a single fare of five cents for each pas- senger. that said grantees, their successors and assigns, shall continuously keep on every car devoted to pas- senger service a supply of tickets for sale at and for the price of twenty-five ( c) cents for six tickets, one of which tickets shall entitle any person to one contin- uous ride from and to any part of the city on and over said street railway, and each and every person so paying any such fare or delivering any such ticket shall on application be entitled to have and receive from the said grantees, their successors and assigns, a transfer ticket to the detroit, ypsilanti and ann arbor street railway or any other street railway constructed in the city of ann arbor, which on pre- sentation to said detroit, ypsilanti and ann arbor street railway, or any other such railway, within two hours from the time of issue, shall entitle any such pas- senger to one continuous ride over the said detroit, ypsilanti and ann arbor street railway, or other street railway, to any part of the city; and the said grantees, their successors and assigns shall receive and accept in payment for single fares and contin- uous rides over the street railway constructed under this franchise, within the corporate limits of the city of ann arbor rail, and not less than seven inches in depth; and the said grantees shall at all times keep and maintain the space between the rails of the said railway tracks in all unpaved streets properly filled with six inches crushed stone and macadam, well and sufficiently con- structed, and suitably rolled, and for a distance of one and one-half feet either side of the said track, at all times well graded with good, clean gravel and so that the travel on the streets will be obstructed as little as possible. the tracks and other appliances shall be laid and constructed in a careful and prudent manner and by careful bonding and other approved methods, provide against electrolysis of gas, water and other pipes laid beneath the surface of the streets; and the said grantees, their successors and assigns, shall be liable for, and shall pay to any person, firm or corporation entitled thereto, any and all damage occasioned by electrolysis coming from the said elec- tric railway construction or operation. no cars shall be allowed to remain standing idle upon any street within the city limits, except by con- sent of the common council, nor shall any cars be permitted to stop on any crosswalk, or any other street crossing, except in case of accident, or to take on or discharge passengers, and then only without obstructing the crosswalks. all the cars taken over said railway shall be in charge of sober, prudent and experienced employes, and it shall be the duty of every person in charge of any car to keep a vigilant watch or outlook for all teams, persons on foot and especially children, and all other obstructions, either upon the tracks, or moving towards it, and, at the first appearance of danger, the car shall be stopped in the shortest time and space possible; and all cars shall be provided with sufficient air brakes for that purpose. the cars upon said railway shall always be entitled to the track, except as against the fire department, ordinances of the when on duty, and buildings being moved under the direction of the common council; and the driver of any vehicle obstructing the same shall turn out and leave the track free upon the approach of any car, as soon as possible, and so as not to impede the car; and any person who shall refuse so to do, after having been warned by the motorman, or other person in charge of the car, by the ringing of the car bell, or otherwise, shall upon conviction thereof, before any court of competent jurisdiction, be fined in any sum not exceeding twenty-five ($ . ) dollars, and the cost of prosecution, and the court, upon the imposi- tion of any such fine, shall have the further power and authority to sentence any such offender to con- finement in the county jail of the county of washte- naw, until such fine and costs shall be paid, not ex- ceeding thirty days. sec. . whenever the common council of the city of ann arbor shall order any of the streets over which this franchise is granted, to be paved, repaved, or otherwise improved, or any part, or parts thereof, wherein the tracks of said street railway are laid, it shall be the duty of the said grantees, their associates, successors and assigns, and they shall, at their own cost and expense, grade, pave, repave, or otherwise im- prove all of the parts of the said streets which lie between the outer rails of their said track, and one foot six inches distance therefrom on the outer side thereof, and also the space lying between the main tracks, or track, and all side tracks, and all other places where there are side tracks, turnouts, or switches, with like kind of material, other than sheet asphalt, at the same time and in the same manner in which the other portions of said streets, or street, shall or may be paved, repaved, or otherwise improved, and if the said street railway shall be constructed in any street already paved, then said grantees shall pay to the city of ann arbor the cost of all material which city of ann arbor the said grantees would be required to furnish to pave any such street. if said grantees shall make use of the high tension system for providing current, the poles for its high tension feeders shall be erected on some convenient street other than main street and huron street, in the business portion of said city, which the common council shall designate; such designation to be made within fifteen days after no- tice; or the said grantees shall have power and author- ity to select such convenient street, or streets, for them. sec. . the tracks of the said railway shall be laid in the streets at the points and on the lines designated by the common council, and in the event that the said common council shall, for any reason, fail to make such designation within fifteen days after receiving notice from the said grantees so to do, then the same should be laid in and along the center of said street. sec. . the said grantees, their heirs, successors and assigns, or the corporation operating the street railway under this franchise, shall, after completing the construction of said street railway, restore the streets, and all portions thereof, occupied by said street railway, and maintain the same in as good con- dition as the same were at the time such railway con- struction shall commence, and the said street railway shall be in all things constructed and operated in such a manner so as to interfere as little as may be with public travel and traffic in and along the streets and avenues of the city of ann arbor. sec. . the said grantees, their heirs, successors and assigns shall, within ten days of the passage of this ordinance file with the city clerk, a written ac- ceptance of the same and of all the terms and condi- tions thereof, and on failure so to do, this ordinance shall be no longer in force. ordinances of the sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after the expiration of ten days from the legal publication thereof, and after filing with the city clerk the written acceptance of the same, as above provided. sec. . all ordinances or parts of ordinances in- consistent with the provisions of this ordinance are, to the extent of such inconsistencies, hereby repealed. acceptance. knoic all men by these presents, that we, j. d. hawks and s. f. angus, the persons named as grantees in a certain ordinance and franchise passed by the common council of the city of ann arbor. michigan, on the ist day of december, a. d. , entitled "an ordinance, granting to j. d. hawks and s. f. angus, their associates, successors and assigns, permission and authority to construct and maintain, own and operate an electric street railway in the city of ann arbor," granting a franchise to the under- signed for the construction of a street railway on huron street and jackson avenue from main street to the westerly city limits, do, by this instrument, in consideration of the premises hereby accept the said ordinance and franchise, and doth hereby agree to perform, carry out and fulfill all and singular all terms and conditions thereof. witness our hands at ann arbor, michigan, this nd day of december, a. d. . j. d. hawks, s. f. angus. in the presence of arthur brown, thos. kearney. state of michigan, ) county of washtenaw,) on this nd day of december, a. d. , before me, a notary public in and for said county, personally came j. d. hawks and s. f. angus, known to me to be the same persons described in and who executed the foregoing instrument, and severally ac- knowledge that they executed the same with the intent and purpose therein stated, and the execution of the same was their voluntary act and deed. arthur brown, notary public. acceptance filed december th, . city of ann arbor an ordinance relative to changing the course and grade of certain streets and elevating the tracks of the ann arbor railroad. (passed october , ; approved october , ; amended october , .) whereas, the tracks of the ann arbor railroad company now cross felch street, miller avenue, hur- on, washington, liberty and first streets at grade, and, whereas, it would make an easier grade out of the city, in both directions, and would conduce to the general public convenience and safety if the tracks of the said railway were elevated and viaducts pro- vided for the several streets, and of such altitude as to enable the public travel on said streets to pass be- neath; therefore, for the purpose of permitting a change of the grade line of the said railroad com- pany's tracks in order to make possible the separation of the street and railroad grades: the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section .* that the established grade at the points of intersection of said railroad company's tracks on the following named streets be: at summit street, . feet; at liberty street, . feet; at first street, feet above the grade line at the points at which the said railroad company's tracks cross said streets at their centers may , . also that the grade of cedar and wright streets be established at . feet; pontiac street, . feet; and of jones and traver streets, . feet below the surface of said streets, as they were october , , at the points where said railroad crosses said several streets. provided, that as soon as first street shall be diverted said railroad company shall complete the grade separation at liberty street in accordance with * as amended oct. , . ordinances of the the terms of the ordinance granted to said company october , . and approved october , . sec. . that first street be diverted so as to inter- sect liberty street west of the present right of way of said company. that charles street be diverted so as to intersect summit street west of the present right of way of said company upon and along the west side of said right of way. sec. . that the culvert under ashley street. west jefferson and west william streets be construct- ed parallel with, instead of under, the said railroad company's tracks. provided, that said railroad company will, with- out expense to the city of ann arbor, provide and maintain sufficient and suitable means of conducting the water so diverted from the east line of ashley street to west william street. sec. .* that said railroad company shall, at its own expense, construct the necessary approaches on first and liberty streets, and summit street on both sides of said crossings, at a grade not exceeding six feet to the hundred, so graded as to make the same in every avay suited for public travel, and to provide and maintain suitable and safe planking for said cross- ings. sec. .* that the preceding sections of this ordi- nance shall be null and void unless said ann arbor railroad company shall provide and place steel via- ducts on suitable stone, cement, or iron abuttments, at felch street, miller avenue, huron and washing- ton streets, which shall extend the full width of said several streets, with the support at the curb lines, if desired, and shall carry all the tracks, both main and side tracks, over these streets, except as hereinafter provided, and shall give a clear minimum headroom as amended october , . ordinances of the and grade of certain streets and elevating the tracks of the ann arbor railroad, not having been accepted by the ann arbor railroad company, is hereby re- pealed. an ordinance granting permission to chas. w. wagner and walter c. mack, of ann arbor, to construct, operate and maintain a telephone plant in the city of ann arbor. (passed june , ; approved june , ; acceptance filed june io, ; amended april , .) it is hereby ordained by the people of the city of ann arbor: section . permission and authority is hereby granted to charles w. wagner and walter c. mack, of ann arbor, their successors and assigns, to enter upon the highways, streets, avenues, alleys and other public places, in said city of ann arbor, and to con- struct, maintain and erect in, along, over or under said streets, highways, avenues, alleys and other pub- lic places, posts, poles, wires, conduits, and other ap- purtenances and fixtures for electrical telephone pur- poses, subject to all general provisions of statute law, in force and applicable thereto, and to such regula- tions respecting such highways, streets, avenues and alleys as said common council may from time to time enact. sec. . said charles w. wagner and walter c. mack, of ann arbor, their successors and assigns, are hereby granted the right to construct and maintain an electric telephone plant in said city of ann arbor, and to repair, enlarge and extend the same and carry on the business of telephoning and renting electric telephones or other devices for transmitting informs tion. sec. . the word plant shall be deemed to in- city ov ann ariior elude all property of every kind and description of said charles w. wagner and walter c. mack, thei' successors and assigns, used in or in connection with their business of furnishing electric telephones in said city. sec. . the life of this franchise, unless sooner terminated, by purchase by said city as herein pro- vided, shall be thirty years. sec. .* no poles except necessary distribution poles in that portion of the city where there are no alleys to be used for that purpose, shall be erected upon the streets or such portions of them as are here- in designated, to-wit: main street, between catherine and william. fourth avenue, between catherine and william. fifth avenue, between catherine and william. division street, between catherine and william. thompson street, between liberty and william. maynard street, between liberty and william. state street, between catherine and monroe. ann street, between ashley and state. huron street, between ashley and state. washington street, between ashley and state. liberty street, between ashley and state. monroe street, between packard and state. william street, between ashley and state. north university avenue and washtenaw avenue, from state to hill. but all wires of said telephone plant running along said portion of the streets above designated shall be placed in conduits. provided, that all such poles shall be placed un- der the direction of the common council, and in case the common council shall neglect to fix the place for such poles within fifteen days after application there- for, said charles w. wagner and walter c. mack or * as amended april , . city of ann arbor with the conditions that all the streets and alleys in which the wires of the said charles w. wagner and walter c. mack shall be laid, shall be restored and maintained for three years, in as good condition as they were at the time they were entered upon by the said charles w. wagner and walter c. mack. provided, that this shall not be construed as hold- ing said charles w. wagner and walter c. mack liable for damages to said streets or alleys from other causes than the work of said charles w. wagner and walter c. mack, their agents, servants and employes. sec. . that said charles w. wagner and walter c. mack, their successors and assigns, shall have the privilege of renting the space in said conduit to any person, firm or corporation owning or operating wires in the city of ann arbor, at such prices as shall be agreed upon, provided, also, that such wires shall not be used for the transmission of electric currents stronger than that required for telephones. the said city of ann arbor, however, shall have the right to the use of one duct in all conduits so laid, without cost or expense to said city, to use in main- taining fire alarm system in said city, or any other public purpose. sec. . the said charles w. wagner and walter c. mack, their successors and assigns, are to furnish the city twenty-two telephones as may be required for city purposes, free of charge, to be placed where di- rected by the common council, additional telephones for the city use to be ftirnished at regular rates, less per cent discount. sec. . the said charles w. wagner and walter c. mack, their successors and assigns, may acquire the right to use the conduits of any other company, or of the city, provided terms can be agreed upon with such company or with the city. ordinances of the sec. . at the expiration of ten years after this ordinance takes effect, the city council of said city of ann arbor shall have the right and privilege to purchase the said telephone system herein provided for, provided, however, notice of its intention to do so shall be given to the then owners of said telephone system, by written notice given to the manager of said telephone system, at least six months prior to the expiration of said ten years. a failure to give notice of its intention to pur- chase, as above provided, shall operate as a waiver of the right to purchase until the expiration of the next ave ( ) years succeeding, and each succeeding term of live ( ) years thereafter. should the city of ann arbor at any time desire to purchase said plant, the said charles w. wagner and walter c. mack, and their successors and as- signs, shall relinquish all their rights acquired by virtue of this ordinance, and transfer to said city all of said plant, upon said city paying to the then owners the actual value of said plant, which shall not be less than the actual cost of construction of such plant. sec. . if the said charles w. wagner and wal- ter c. mack, their successors and assigns, shall at any time during the term of this franchise, transfer the rights hereby granted to them, to any other company or corporation, or make any consolidation, with any company or corporation, the company or corporation acquiring such rights, or the consolidated company, shall be subject to the terms and conditions of this ordinance. sec. . all the rights, liabilities and obligations herein granted, or imposed upon the said charles w. wagner and walter c. mack, shall apply to and be operative in favor of and against their successors and assigns. city of ann arbor sec. . the construction of said plant shall be commenced within one year from the date of the ac- ceptance of this ordinance, and shall be in operation within two years from the date of said acceptance. unless the construction is commenced within the above limited time, the rights granted to them by this ordinance shall be forfeited. sec. . neither this franchise, nor any of the rights and privileges thereunder, shall be sold, as- signed or leased to any telephone company now lo- cated, or doing business in said city, so as to in any manner thereby prevent or remove legitimate compe- tition. sec. . this ordinance is conditioned upon the acceptance thereof by said grantee or its (their) suc- cessors, within ten days from the passage thereof, and shall take effect as soon as accepted. we hereby accept the foregoing ordinance. dated this th day of june, . chas. w. wagner, walter c. mack. an ordinance authorizing the construction by the ann arbor railroad company of a side-track across liberty street. (passed may , ; approved may , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that permission is hereby granted to the ann arbor railroad company to construct and maintain one sidetrack across liberty street, on the present grade of said street, at a distance of not more than five feet from the main track of said company, for the accommodation of persons and corporations doing business adjacent to the tracks of said rail- road company, provided, however, that the said rail- ordinances of the road company shall provide and maintain suitable planking for said crossing, and shall do the work of laying said side-track and constructing said crossing under the supervision and to the entire satisfaction of the city engineer and the board of public works of the city of ann arbor, and shall keep and main- tain said crossing and the approaches thereto at all times in a suitable and safe condition for public travel. and provided further, that during the hours when such side track is in use the said railroad company shall station and keep a flagman at said crossing for the protection of the public, and that no cars shall be allowed to stand on said side track within feet of the north line of said liberty street. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after the expiration of ten days from the legal publication thereof and the filing of the written acceptance thereof by the ann arbor rail- road company. an ordinance, authorizing the construction by the ann arbor railroad company of a side-track across william street. (passed august , ; approved august , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that permission is hereby granted to the ann arbor railroad company to construct and maintain a side-track across william street on the present grade of said street at a distance of not more than five feet from the main track of said company, for the accommodation of persons and corporations doing business adjacent to the tracks of said railroad company, provided, however, that the said railroad company shall provide and maintain suitable plank- city of ann arbor ing for said crossing, and shall do the work of laying said side-track and constructing said crossing under the supervision and to the entire satisfaction of the city engineer and the board of public works of the city of ann arbor, and shall keep and maintain said crossing and the approaches thereto at all times in a suitable and safe condition for public travel. and provided further, that during the time when such side-track is in use the said railroad company shall station and keep a flagman at said crossing for the protection of the public, and that no cars shall be allowed to stand on said side-track within one hun- dred feet of the north line of said william street. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after the expiration of ten days from the legal publication thereof and the filing of the written acceptance thereof by the ann arbor iiailroad company. fires. an ordinance relative to fire limits and fires. (passed october , ; approved october , ; amended june , ; amended march , ; amended dec. , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . *no person, firm or corporation shall hereafter place, enlarge, or erect any building or other structure on any lot or part of a lot fronting on any of the following streets or parts of streets, towit: on main street, between kingsley and william streets; on huron street, between first street and fifth ave- nue: on washington street, between the ann arbor railroad and fifth avenue; on liberty street, be- tween the ann arbor railroad and fifth avenue; on catherine street, between ashley street and fifth *as amended december , . ordinances of the clerk, who is hereby authorized to receive the same and issue a receipt therefor in the name of the city, a fee to be determined in amount as follows: if the estimated cost of the building or alteration shall be less than one thousand dollars, one dollar; if more than one thousand dollars and less than five thousand dollars, two dollars; and for every additional thou- sand dollars, above five thousand, fifty cents. and the said city clerk shall report monthly to the com- mon council all permits issued and shall pay all fees received under the provisions of this ordinance into the city treasury. sec. . no person, firm or corporation shall use or occupy any building within the limits of this city for the manufacture of turpentine, camphene, fire- works, nitroglycerine, or any other dangerous or eas- ily inflammable or explosive substance; nor for the storage of gunpowder in larger quantities than twenty-five pounds, unless the said gunpowder shall be stored in a vault especially constructed for the purpose, in a location to be approved by the board of fire commissioners. the quantity of gunpowder, twenty-five pounds, permitted to be stored under this section shall be kept in metal canisters of a capacity not to exceed seven pounds each, with metal stoppers or covers. nor shall any naptha, benzine, gasolene, kerosene or other like inflammable goods to an amount to exceed five gallons be kept within the limits of this city except in such place or places as may be approved by the board of fire commissioners and their permit issued therefor; and all such goods shall be kept in metallic vessels, securely closed, and away from matches, fire or any artificial light. sec. . no lighted candle or lamp shall be used about or carried into any stable, building or other place where hay, straw, hemp, cotton, flax, rushes, shavings, gunpowder or other extra-combustible, or city of ann arbor any explosive material, is stored or lodged, unless the same is well secured in a lantern. nor shall any match be struck or lighted or be carried burning into or about any such place nor shall artificial light be used in and about vaults used for the storage of gun- powder in larger quantities than twenty-five pounds, or in or about buildings used for the storage of nap tha, benzine, gasoline, kerosene or other similar high- ly inflammable goods, in larger quantities than five gallons. sec. . ~no person shall carry any fire in or through any public streets, lanes, alleys or other pub- lic places of this city, or in or through any private lot or premises, unless the said fire shall be placed in a securely closed pan or vessel, but it is hereby permitted that any owner or occupant of residence or business premises in this city may collect leaves, rubbish, paper, pasteboard boxes, or store sweepings into small heaps in or near the gutter of any street adjacent to the premises owned or occupied by him or her, and may destroy the said articles by burning: provided, that no such fire shall be started or per- mitted to burn before sunrise nor after m. upon any day, or shall be so placed as to endanger any shade or ornamental tree standing in any street or other public place, or, so as to obstruct, hinder or prevent public travel: and provided also, that the permission here- in granted for the building of fires in the public streets shall not in any way operate to relieve or dis- charge any person or persons from any liability to actions for damages or of any other kind which may accrue or be brought against him or them on account of the negligence or evil intent of the said person or persons. and after any fire shall have been built in the street the person or persons having the care of or responsible for the same, shall closely watch and guard the same and shall cause the same to be promptly ex- ordinances of the tinguished at m. and all ashes resulting from the same, together with all incombustible articles or sub stances remaining thereafter, to be promptly removed from the street. no fire shall be built under the per- mission herein granted, nor in any lot or private en- closure for similar purposes, unless the same shall be in charge of a person of mature years and discretion. sec. . tinners, plumbers or other mechanics, whenever it may be necessary in the pursuit of their regular business, and for the construction or repair of houses, sidewalks, drains, sewers, pipe connections or other necessary repairs, alterations or improve- ments, are hereby permitted to make or kindle in any street, alley, lane or other public place in this city, or on any lot with the permission of the owner or occu- pant thereof, any fire necessary for the purposes of the said business. but the permission herein granted shall not operate to relieve or discharge any person from any liability he might otherwise incur from any negligence or evil intent in the care or control of the said fire, and any such person building any fire in any street, lane, alley or other public place in this city, shall use all reasonable precautions to prevent any property from being endangered thereby. sec. . no ashes shall be kept or deposited with- in twenty feet of any building in any part of this city, unless the same be kept or deposited in a close iron, tin or earthen vessel, or brick or stone ash house thoroughly secured. sec. . every public building or business block, more than one story in height, shall have a scuttle through the roof and a convenient stairway or per- manent ladder leading thereto. sec. . every chimney hereafter erected within the limits of this city shall have a flue at least eight inches square and be so constructed as to admit of being scraped, brushed or cleaned. city of ann arbor sec. . no pipe of any stove, chimney or fire- place shall be put up or used, uuless the same be con- ducted into a chimney of stone or brick; and in all cases where a stovepipe passes through the woodwork of a building, it shall be separated from such wood work at least two inches, by a metal thimble with proper air passages. sec. . the chief of the tire department and the members of the board of fire commissioners are here- by severally given authority and it shall be their duty whenever they shall have good reason to believe that it is desirable to do so, to enter any building or en- closure in this city for the purpose of inspecting the same as to whether there exists any danger of fire: provided, that the officer desiring to make the in- spection shall first secure the permission of the own- er or occupant of the premises therefor. and it shall be the duty of the said owner or occupant to permit the said chief of the fire department or member of the said board of fire commissioners to inspect the said premises immediately, and any person who shall refuse to permit such an inspection by the proper officer upon request, or who shall hinder or prevent such inspection shall be punished as hereinafter pro- vided. a report in writing shall be made by the in- specting officer and signed by him, accompanied by any recommendations he may deem proper, and filed with the city clerk. whenever as the result of any such inspection the board of fire commissioners shall deem it necessary that changes or repairs be made upon the said premises in order that the city shall be adequately protected from fire, they shall serve notice in writing upon the owner or occupant there- of, setting forth in the said notice the particular con- ditions upon the said premises regarded as the source of danger, and making such recommendations as they shall deem advisable as to the changes or repairs to be made. the said notice shall also prescribe the ordinances of the time after service within which the said premises shall be made safe, or the said changes or repairs com- pleted: provided, that no time thus prescribed shall be less than twenty-four hours or more than thirty days. the said owner or occupant shall make the changes or repairs prescribed in the said notice, or such other alterations or improvements in the said premises, as shall be satisfactory to the said board of fire commissioners, within the prescribed time, on penalty of five dollars for each and every day that shall elapse after the expiration of the said time and before the completion of the said changes or repairs: provided, that no such penalty shall exceed the sum of one hundred dollars. the chief of the fire depart- ment is hereby given authority and it shall be his duty to see that all chimneys, hearths, fire-places, fire-arches, furnaces, ovens, stove-pipes, boilers, steam- engines, gas and gasolene engines, or any other struc- ture or apparatus that may be dangerous in causing or promoting fires, are constructed, placed or pro- tected in such a manner as to secure the greatest pos- sible safety. he may require the owner or occupant of any blacksmith shop, furnace, foundry or other manufactory, to erect, alter or reconstruct his smoke- stack or chimney so as to prevent the escape of sparks into the open air, and the said owner or occupant when so required either by the chief of the fire de- partment or by the board of fire commissioners, shall proceed within forty-eight hours to make the said alteration or reconstruction. sec. . the board of fire commissioners are hereby given authority to cause any steam boiler set up and used in this city to be examined by a compe- tent inspector, who shall receive a fee of not more than three dollars for each such inspection. the ex- amination shall be in regard to the material and con struction of the boiler and of the pipes, flues, tubes, valves and all attachments thereto and the workman- city op ann arbor ship thereof, and in regard to the settings in which the said boiler is placed. a report in writing shall be made of each such inspection signed by the per- son making the same, and filed with the city clerk. the said report shall set forth the particular boiler inspected by owner and location, the date of the in- spection, and any defects whether of material, work- manship, construction or setting, found to exist in the said boiler, together with any recommendations that the said inspector may desire to make in the case. whenever in the opinion of the inspector or of the board of fire commissioners any boiler is found to be so defective in any respect as to be in danger of exploding or of causing fires, the said board of fire commissioners shall cause a notice of that fact to be served upon the owner of the said boiler and also upon the person using the same or having the care, management or control thereof, and after such notice the said owner or other person in charge of the said boiler shall not operate or use the same until it shall have been properly repaired and a certificate to that effect issued by the said board of fire commis- sioners. sec. . the board of fire commissioners are hereby given authority to order the moving or re- moval of any electric light, telegraph or telephone wires or any other wires strung in or about this city and the streets thereof, whenever it shall appear to them that the said wires are so placed as to be liable to cause fires, or seriously to interfere with the proper protection of this city or any part thereof against fire. the owners of any such wires shall move or re- move the same to conform to the orders of the said board of fire commissioners within twenty-four hours after notice in writing shall have been served upon the said owner, unless a longer time shall be pre- scribed in the said notice. ordinances of the sec. . it shall be the duty of the chief of the fire department to inspect from time to time during the progress of the work, all buildings which shall hereafter be constructed or repaired within the fire limits, and whenever the work upon any such build- ing shall be completed, he is hereby authorized to is- sue to the owner or occupant of the premises, or to the person in charge of the said work of construction or repair, upon request, a certificate that the said building conforms to all of the requirements of this city in regard to fire protection. it is also hereby made the duty of the chief of the fire department to report promptly to the board of fire commissioners any and all violations of this ordinance that may come to his knowledge, and the said board of fire commissioners shall report the same to the common council. sec. . no person shall knowingly or wilfully raise or circulate a false alarm of fire, and no person shall refuse the right of way or in any manner inter- fere with or obstruct any fire apparatus, on its way to a fire, nor cross or run over any hose with any vehicle while the said hose shall be in use anywhere in this city by the fire department. no person shall wantonly or wilfully injure any house or building used as a place of deposit for any fire apparatus be- longing to this city, or any apparatus therein con- tained. sec. . the chief of the fire department is here- by authorized to call upon any person to assist him in getting the apparatus of the department to any fire in this city, and to procure the use of other teams and wagons, and of other appliances than those be- longing to the city, if necessary, for the said purpose. and the said chief of the fire department may, during the existence of any fire in this city, call upon by- standers to assist him in the labor of putting out the city of ann arbor same, and may detail persons to guard property that may require care and protection, and any person who shall refuse or neglect to comply with any rea- sonable request, or to obey any reasonable order or demand of the said chief of the fire department made under the authority herein granted and conferred, shall be punished as hereinafter provided. sec. . any violation of or failure to comply with any of the provisions or requirements of this ordinance, or with any direction, notice, order or re- quirement given or made by the chief of the fire de- partment, or board of fire commissioners under the authority of, or necessary to the discharge of the duties imposed upon them by this ordinance, or the charter of this city shall,be punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars or by imprisonment in the washtenaw county jail, city lock-up or in the detroit house of correction, for a term not exceeding ninety days, or both, in the discretion of the court; and if only a fine and costs be imposed, the court may sentence the offender to imprisonment in said jail until the payment thereof, but for a term not exceed- ing ninety days. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force ten days after legal publication. an ordinance to regulate the keeping and storing of inflammable and explosive goods, oils and fluids. (passed october , ; approved october , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . no person, persons or corporation shall have, keep or store within the limits of the city of ann arbor, any inflammable or explosive oils or fluids, to-wit: crude or refined petroleum, kerosene, coal oil, earth or rock oil, gasoline, naptha, benzine, ordinances of the benzole, camphene, or other like oils, fluids or sub- stances, or the products, compounds or adulterations thereof, excepting as hereinafter provided. sec. . refined petroleum, kerosene and other like oils and products thereof may be kept, if equal in quality to the standard provided by law, in metal- lic vessels to an extent not exceeding one hundred and sixty-five gallons, if in a secure place at least ten feet away from any fire or burning light. sec. . gasoline, naptha, benzine, benzole, cam- phene and other like fluids and substances, or the pro- ducts and compounds thereof, may be kept in metallic vessels to any extent, not exceeding ten gallons, if in a secure place away from fire or burning light, or to auy extent not exceeding five barrels of not more than fifty gallons each if in the first story of secure, detached and properly constructed and ventilated buildings, such as conform to the fire limits ordinance and are duly approved by the board of fire commis- sioners, in metallic tanks at least two feet under ground, and at least twenty feet away from any build- ing, the location and construction of such tanks to be, however, first approved by the board of fire commis- sioners. all cans, measures or other receptacles for holding or measuring gasoline shall be painted red. no person shall use any gasoline can, measure or other receptacle for the purpose of keeping, storing or measuring any other oil or inflammable liquid, nor shall any person keep, store or measure gasoline in any can, measure or receptacle other than those used exclusively for keeping, storing or measuring gaso- line. sec. . crude petroleum, refined petroleum or gasoline may be kept for the purpose of storage only, to an extent not exceeding two hundred and fifty barrels of fifty gallons each, for each tank, in metal tanks, the bottom of the tank to be placed not less city of ann arbor than two feet below the surface and at least one hun- dred yards away from any building, the location and construction of which tanks to be first subject to the approval of the board of fire commissioners. no person, firm or corporation shall have, maintain or use more than four such tanks. sec. . crude petroleum, when used for fuel pur- poses, may be stored in a quantity not to exceed two hundred and fifty barrels, if in an air-tight metallic tank, made of good boiler iron, and operated by hy- draulic or pneumatic pressure supplied by iron pip- ing, such tank and apparatus to be subject to the approval of the board of fire commissioners: pro- vided, that no such tank shall be located in the same room with any fire or burning light, and it shall be the duty of the owner or person operating or using any such tank to have said hydraulic supply pipe provided with stop-cocks, located outside of the build- ing, area, wall or inclosure containing such tank, and where such stop-cocks can be reached in case of an emergency. sec. . the buildings and premises referred to in the preceding sections and in which oil may be stored, shall be so arranged, constructed and guarded, that the oils, fluids or contents of barrels, tanks or other receptacles therein kept or stored, cannot run over or flow upon the adjoining premises or into any private or public drain or sewer. sec. . no person, firm or corporation shall bring within the limits of the city, or have in their or its possession, therein, any dynamite, nitroglycerine;, giant powder, or any other high grade explosive of a similar kind. provided, that any railroad company or companies, their officers, agents and employes may have in their possession and use any of the aforesaid explosives in the preparation for and in the construc- tion of a railroad bridge within the limits of the city ordinances ob' the of ann arbor and in the preparation and construc- tion of the approach or approaches thereto. sec. . this ordinance shall not apply to the car- rying and transportation under the utmost precau- tions of safety by or past the city of ann arbor of the oils, fluids or substances hereinbefore mentioned. sec. . any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine not ex- ceeding one hundred dollars ($ ) for each offense, and in imposing such fine the court may make a fur- ther sentence that in default of the payment of such fine, the offender may be imprisoned in the common jail for the county of washtenaw until the payment thereof, for any period not exceeding ninety days. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. police and good order. an ordinance relative to the police force. (passed november , ; approved november , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . the regular police force of this city shall consist of the city marshal and four patrolmen or nightwatchmen to be appointed by the mayor: provided, that the said number of patrolmen or nightwatchmen may be hereafter increased or dimin- ished whenever the common council shall by resolu- tion so direct. sec. . the mayor is hereby authorized to ap- point special policemen or nightwatchmen who shall have all the powers and authority of members of the regular force, to serve without pay from the city, whenever he shall deem it advisable so to do; but whenever he shall make any appointments under the city ob ann arbor authority herein granted or under the provisions of section of the charter of this city, he shall com- municate the reasons for such appointments and the names of the appointees, to the common council at their next regular meeting thereafter. special po- licemen serving without pay shall not be subject to the orders of the city marshal, but shall discharge their duties according to the police regulations of this city; and no such appointment shall be for a longer term than one year. temporary policemen appointed under said section of the charter shall have all the powers and authority of members of the regular force, and be subject in the same manner to the direction of the city marshal. sec. . the city marshal shall make and file with the city clerk on or before the first monday of each month, a report in writing showing the names of all regular or temporary policemen or nightwatchmen, subject to his orders, who have been on duty during the month, with the amount of time of service of each one. the said report shall also show the number of ar- rests made by the police force during the past month, with the causes therefor, the number of persons dis- charged without conviction, the number convicted and punished with the offenses charged, the number of persons remaining in confinement for breaches of the ordinances of the city, and the amount of all fines and fees collected. he shall also from time to time make such recommendations in writing to the coun- cil as he may desire for the improvement of the effi- ciency of the said police force. at the end of the fis- cal year he shall make an annual report to the com- mon council, showing the condition and requirements of the police force of this -city, the total number of arrests made during the year with the offenses charged, the number of convictions, the number dis- charged, the total amount of money collected in fines and fees, and such other matters as he shall deem ordinances of the important to bring to the attention of the said com- mon council to secure the more efficient working of the police department. sec. . whenever the city marshal or any patrol- man, nightwatchman or temporary policeman of this city, shall find it necessary to have immediate assist- ance in order to discharge his duties in regard to pre- serving the public peace or protecting the person or property of any citizen, he is hereby given authority to call upon any bystander to assist him; and any person who shall neglect or refuse to give such aid and assistance when so requested, or any person who shall resist or in any manner interfere to hinder a policeman in the discharge of his duty, shall upon conviction thereof be punished by a fine not to exceed one hundred dollars, or by imprisonment in the wash- tenaw county jail, city lock-up or the detroit house of correction for a term not to exceed ninety days. sec. . policemen when on duty shall wear such uniform and insignia as the common council shall by resolution designate, unless detailed for some special duty by the mayor or city marshal. sec. . no patrolman or nightwatchman of the regular force shall absent himself from duty during the hours prescribed for him by the city marshal, nor shall one patrolman or nightwatchman be allowed to act as a substitute for another without the permis- sion of the city marshal having been first obtained. any member of the police force who shall disobey the requirements of this section shall be liable to a fine of ten dollars. sec. . it shall be the duty of all members of the police force to notify the fire department at once of the existence of any fire within the city limits either by turning in an alarm by telephone or by any prac- tical means. any member of the police force who city of ann arbob shall fail to perform the duty prescribed by this sec- tion shall be liable to a fine of ten dollars. sec. . the city marshal shall repair in person to all serious fires in this city, and shall take such measures as may be necessary to protect persons and property, and shall render such assistance to the chief of the fire department as that officer may re- quire. sec. . it is hereby made the duty of the city mar- shal to notify the board of health promptly of the existence of any contagious, infectious or pestilential disease in this city or of any nuisances which in any manner may be detrimental to the public health; and he shall at all times aid the health officer in carrying out the orders and regulations of the board of health, made for the preservation of the public health in this city, and shall enforce all sanitary rules and regula- tions which may from time to time be passed by the common council. sec. . it is hereby made the duty of all mem- bers of the police force to report to the board of pub- lic works the existence in any street, alley or other public place of this city, of any condition of things obstructive or dangerous to public travel, by reason of any sidewalk being broken, obstructed, torn up or out of repair, or because of any washout in the streets or of any bridge, crosswalk or culvert being broken, injured or destroyed, or on account of any ditch or excavation in the street, or other obstruction being improperly protected; and the said policemen are hereby required to cause proper danger signals to be placed in the locality where the said danger or ob- struction exists, with all reasonable dispatch. any member of the police force who shall fail to perform his duty as prescribed in this section shall be liable to a fine of five dollars. sec. . it is hereby made the duty of all mem- city of ann arbor moment after the said arrest shall have been made. sec. . any member of the police department who shall, while in the discharge of his duty, or in the attempt to save or rescue any person from im- pending danger or serious bodily harm, receive any injury which disables him from the performance of his duty, shall be entitled to full pay during the con- tinuance of such disability, for a period not to exceed one year. this rule shall not apply to any injury re- ceived by reason of needless exposure, wanton care- lessness or accident, but only to injuries received while engaged in the proper and zealous discharge of duty, or from extraordinary risks taken to save oth- ers from serious bodily harm. sec. . if any member of the regular police force or any special or temporary policeman or nightwatch- man, shall violate any of the provisions of this ordi- nance, or if he shall be negligent in the discharge of his duties, or guilty of any disreputable or immoral conduct, unbecoming an officer of the force, it shall be ground for his removal from office and discharge. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force after ten days from legal publication. an ordinance relative to disorderly persons and conduct. (passed october , ; approved october , ; amended march , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . all able-bodied persons who, not hav- ing any visible means of support, are found loitering or rambling about, or lodging or loitering in drinking saloons, tippling houses, beer houses, houses of ill fame, houses of bad repute, sheds or barns, or in the open air, and not giving a good account of themselves; city of ann arbor or any other thing not his own, from any of the side- walks, yards or buildings into any street, lane, alley or other public place of said city, or upon the prem- ises of any other person, shall be deemed and are hereby declared to be disorderly persons and upon conviction thereof shall be punished as hereinafter provided. sec. . any person who shall be guilty of using indecent or immoral language, or be guilty of any indecent or immoral conduct or behavior, in any pub- lic building, street, alley, lane or other public place in this city, shall be punished as hereinafter provided. sec. . any person who, within the limits of this city, wanders about and begs in the streets, or from house to house, or sits, stands or takes a position in any place and begs from passers-by, either by words, gestures, or by the exhibiting of a sign, shall be deemed a beggar; and every person who wanders about and lodges in out-houses, barns, market places or in the public buildings or places, or in the open air, in this city, and has no permanent place of abode or visible means of maintenance, shall be deemed a vagrant. any person convicted of being a beggar or vagrant within the meaning of this section shall be punished as hereinafter provided. sec. . any person or persons who shall, by talk- ing, laughing, boisterous conduct or in any other man- ner interrupt the services in any place of divine wor- ship, or who shall by noise or any other manner dis- turb any public or private meeting or entertainment lawfully convened or assembled within the limits of this city, shall upon conviction be punished as here- inafter provided. sec. . any person or persons who shall collect, stand in crowds, or remain loitering on the sidewalks, or at the corners of streets, so as to impede the pas- sage of pedestrians, or in any public building or in ordinances of the front of any church, public hall or place of worship during service or the gathering or departure of the congregation, upon conviction thereof shall be pun- ished as hereinafter provided. sec. . any person who shall make any indecent exposure of his or her person in any street, alley, lane or other public place of this city, or upon any private lot or premises of another, or who shall expose his or her naked body, by bathing in any stream, lake, pond, mill-race, river or other public or private water course within the limits of this city, between the hour of sun- rise in the morning and eight o'clock in the evening, shall on conviction be punished as hereinafter pro- vided. sec. . no person, firm or corporation shall within the limits of this city, print, publish, sell, offer for sale, circulate or distribute any book, pamphlet, ballad, printed paper, or other written or printed article, containing obscene, indecent, or scandalous language, or obscene picture, photograph, drawing, engraving, print, figure or description, or articles or advertisements of a scandalous, indecent or immoral nature; and no person shall have in his possession any such book, pamphlet, ballad, printed paper, picture, photograph, engraving, print, figure, description, ar- ticle or advertisement for the purpose of sale, loan, exhibition or circulation within the limits of this city. any violation of the provisions of this section shall be punished as hereinafter provided. sec. . all vagrants, eaves-droppers, lewd, idle or disorderly persons, any person intoxicated or drunk with liquors of any kind, common night walk- ers, persons who stand at the eaves or look into the windows of dwelling houses, all pilferers or persons wanton, lascivious, obscene or vulgar of speech, con- duct or behavior, common railers or brawlers, any and every person quarreling or inciting others to city of ann arbor light or quarrel, within the limits of this city, shall be deemed and are hereby declared to be disorderly persons, and on conviction thereof shall be punished as hereinafter provided. sec. . any person found lying in wait, lurking or concealed in any house, shed or other building, or in any yard or on any premises in this city, with in- tent to do any mischief, or commit any crime or mis- demeanor whatsoever, shall on conviction thereof be punished as hereinafter provided; and in addition to such penalty may be held to bail for good behavior in the sum of one hundred dollars, and for the term of six months, with one or more sufficient sureties as the court may order. sec. .* it shall be unlawful for any person under the age of sixteen years to wander or loiter in or about any street, alley or public place within the corporate limits of the city of ann arbor after the hour of eight o'clock p. m. and all persons under the age of sixteen years found loitering, wandering or rambling in any street, alley or public place or who shall or do congregate for any idle purpose or conver- sation in any such street, alley or public place after the hour of eight o'clock p. m. shall be deemed and are declared to be disorderly persons and on convic- tion shall be punished as hereinafter provided. every person and all persons under the age of sixteen years, who shall or do congregate together to the number of three or upwards for any idle purpose in any street, alley, public building or place within the corporate limits of the city of ann arbor after the hour of eight o'clock p. m. and who shall not immediately disperse and depart to their respective homes or lodg- ing places on the command, order or request of the marshal, or any policeman, shall be deemed and de- clared disorderly persons and guilty of disorderly * as amended march , . city of ann arbor common prostitutes or disorderly characters, or for the purpose of gambling for money or other property; or knowing his or her house, building or place to be so used, shall permit its further use for any such pur- pose. sec. . no person shall keep, carry on or main- tain or aid in keeping, carrying on or maintaining any lottery, policy, pool, bucket shop, board of trade or any like scheme or place for drawing or disposing of money, wheat or other property within the city. sec. . any person violating any provision of this ordinance shall, on conviction thereof, be pun- ished by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars and costs of prosecution; and in imposing of any such fine and costs, the court may make the further sentence that the offender be imprisoned in the common jail of the county of washtenaw until the payment thereof, not to exceed the period of thirty days. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after the st day of april, a. d. . an ordinance relative to getting off or on railway cars when in motion. (passed december , .) be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . it shall not be lawful for any person within the corporate limits of the city of ann arbor to step, drop, or jump from any train of railway cars when in motion, nor to get on the same when in mo- tion; and any person who shall violate the provisions of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine not ex- ceeding five dollars, or by imprisonment in the wash- tenaw county jail, not exceeding three days, in the discretion of the justice trying the offender: pro- o ordinances of the vidcd, that this ordinance shall not apply to persons in the employ of any railway company. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after legal publication. an ordinance relative to the court house square. (passed august , .) he it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . no person or persons shall stand, walk, sit, lie or lounge upon the lawn or grass plats in the court house square in the city of ann arbor. sec . the provisions of this ordinance shall not apply to the janitor of the court house or to any per- son or persons necessarily engaged in supplying the said court house with fuel or other materials. sec. . any person or persons who shall violate the provisions of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine of not less than five dollars and not exceeding twenty-five dollars and costs, to be recovered before iiny justice of the peace of said city, and in the impo- sition of any such fine and costs the said justice may make a further sentence, that in default of payment thereof within the time fixed in such sentence, the offender be committed to the washtenaw county jail for a period of time not exceeding sixty days. sec. . it shall be the duty of the marshal of said city to enforce the provisions of this ordinance and make complaint against all violators thereof. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect from and after due publication. city of ann arbor an ordinance relative to trespassers. (passed june , ; approved june , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: sec. . it shall not be lawful for any person to go upon the lands of another or upon the right of way of any railroad company, or to climb, stand in or upon any shade, ornamental or other tree, situated, being or standing within the limits of the city of ann arbor, for the purpose of witnessing or looking at any football game, baseball game or other athletic sports or games whatsoever, or any fair, show or other entertainment whatsoever, without the consent and permission of the owner or occupant of such lands, right of way or the owner or proprietor of any such shade or ornamental tree. sec. . any person violating the provisions of this ordinance shall on conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of not more than twenty dollars and costs, and in the imposition of any such fine, the court shall have power to make a further sentence, that such convicted person shall be committed to and be con- fined in the common jail of the county of washtenaw, until such fine and costs shall be paid, but any such imprisonment shall not exceed twenty days. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after the th day of july, a. d. . an ordinance to prohibit the firing of fire-arms with- in the limits of the city of ann arbor. (passed december , ; approved december , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that it shall be unlawful for any per- son to fire any revolver, pistol, gun, cannon, or any ordinances of the other species of fire arms within the limits of the city of ann arbor, excepting by the written permission of the mayor, which permission shall limit the time of such firing, and shall be subject to be revoked at any time by the common council. sec. . any person who shall be found guilty of violating this ordinance shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars, or by impris- onment in the detroit house of correction, the city lock-up, or the washtenaw county jail, for a period of time not exceeding ninety days, or both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. an ordinance relative to the closing of saloons, bars in restaurants, and elsewhere. (passed may , ; approved may , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . all saloons, bars in restaurants and elsewhere, and all other places within the city of ann arbor where spirituous, malt, brewed, fermented or vinous liquors are sold, or kept for sale, may be and remain open, and permission is hereby granted to all such places of business to be and remain open from six o'clock a. m. until the hour of ten o'clock of each week day, on which the sale of such spirituous, malt, brewed, or fermented liquors is permitted by the laws of this state. sec. . all ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict with the provisions of this ordinance are here- by repealed. this ordinance shall take immediate effect. city of ann arbor an ordinance to provide for the regulation of saloons and all places except drug stores where spirit- ous, malt, brewed, fermented, vinous or intoxicating liquors are sold, or kept for sale at wholesale or retail. (passed june , ; approved june , .) the common, council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . no person shall keep a saloon or other place except a drug store, where any spirituous, malt, brewed, fermented, vinous, or intoxicating liquors are sold, or kept for sale, at wholesale, or retail, in that part of the city of ann arbor bounded on the west by division street, thence northeasterly on detroit street to fuller street, thence easterly along fuller street to the city limits. sec. . any person who shall be found guilty of violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars ($ ) or by imprisonment in the detroit house of correction, the city lock-up or the washtenaw county jail, for a period of time not to exceed ninety ( ) days; or by both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten ( ) days from legal publication. an ordinance relative to distributing advertising packages. (passed december , ; approved december , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that it shall be unlawful for any per- son, firm or corporation to distribute along any street, nlley or public grounds, or in any private yard or en- closure, or in any house, or upon the porches, stoops ordinances of the or verandas of any building or house, or in any other place in the city of ann arbor, any sample package, or other package, of medicine, or medical compound or prescription, or any package or packages of food, or formula, or material for preparing foods, victuals or drink. sec. . any person violating any of the provis- ions of section of this act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof before any court of competent jurisdiction, shall be fined in any sum not less than five dollars nor more than fifty dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail not less than ten nor more than sixty days, or by both such tine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. an ordinance prohibiting the firing, or setting off, and the sale or offering for sale of toy pistols, dyna- mite firecrackers, cannon firecrackers, dyna- mite torpedoes, or any other fireworks, containing dynamite, giant powder, or any other higher explosive than ordinary gunpowder. (passed october , ; approved october , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- da in: section . no person shall fire or set off within (he limits of the city of ann arbor any toy cannon or pistol, dynamite firecracker, cannon firecracker, dynamite torpedoes, or any other fireworks contain- ing dynamite, giant powder, or any other higher ex- plosive than ordinary gunpowder; nor throw, or place, any fireworks, of any kind, on the tracks of the street railway to be set off either by concussion or by the passing of the street cars over said tracks. city of ann arbor sec. . no person, firm or corporation shall sell, or offer for sale, within the limits of the city of ann arbor, any dynamite firecrackers, cannon firecrackers, dynamite torpedoes, or any other fireworks containing dynamite, giant powder or ajiy other higher explosive than ordinary gunpowder; or any toy cannon, toy pis- tol intended for the firing of blank cartridges, or any blank cartridges or caps intended for use in such pis- tols. sec. . any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance, shall upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars ($ ) and the costs of prosecution; and in imposing any such fine and costs, the court may make the further sentence that the offender be imprisoned in the county jail of the county of washtenaw, until such fine and costs shall be paid, but any such im- prisonment shall not exceed twenty ( ) days. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. an ordinance for the protection of squirrels and birdt: within the limits of the city of ann arbor. (passed september , ; approved september , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . it shall be unlawful for any person to shoot, kill, cripple, hunt, chase or in any way in- jure any squirrel or squirrels within the limits of the city of ann arbor. sec. . it shall be unlawful for any person to shoot, kill, cripple, hunt or in any way injure any wild birds within the limits of the city of ann arbor: provided. this section shall not apply to english spar- rows, crows or hawks. city of ann arbor same to go at large at any time within the limits of said city, to the damage or annoyance of any of its inhabitants. sec. . all persons convicted of the violation of the provisions of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine of not less than one dollar, and not exceeding five dollars and costs of prosecution, and in the im- position of such fine and costs the court may impose a further sentence of imprisonment in the common jail of washtenaw county, until such fine and costs have been paid, not exceeding in all the period of thirty days. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. licenses. an ordinance relative to licenses. (passed july , ; approved july , ; amended february , ; amended march , ; amended december , ; amended june , ; amended novem- ber , ; amended june , ; amended january , .) the common council of the city of ann atbor or- dain: section . no person, firm, corporation or com- pany shall engage in, prosecute or carry on any trade, business or occupation hereinafter mentioned or de- scribed, in or within the corporate limits of the city of ann arbor until after he, she or they have obtained a license therefor in the manner hereinafter provided. sec. . there shall be paid for all licenses grant- ed under the provisions of this ordinance, the sum or sums of money hereinafter stated, respectively. any number of persons may carry on business in copart- nership at one place, under one and the same license. ordinances of the if any person, company or copartnership shall carry on business or do any act or thing requiring a license at different places at one and the same time, he, she or they shall take out a license for and in respect to each and every place where any such business shall be carried on. sec. . in all cases, unless otherwise provided, where by this ordinance a sum or sums of money is fixed for the payment of a license, it shall be under- stood to be for the period of one year. the mayor is, however, authorized to grant licenses for any period less than one year, and every license granted shall state the time when the same will expire. sec. . all licenses shall be revocable at the pleas- ure of the mayor, or by order of the common council, but no license shall be assignable. sec. . all licenses granted under this ordinance shall be signed by the mayor and countersigned by the city clerk who shall keep a full record of the same, and shall be in form substantially as follows: number mayor's office, | city of ann arbor. ) s- mayor of the city of ann arbor. to whom it may concern: know ye, that has paid to the city clerk the sum of dollars, and has otherwise complied with the provisions of the ordinances of the city in this behalf. therefore the said is hereby authorized and licensed to from and during this day of , , and to and until the day of in witness whereof, i have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the city of ann arbor to be affixed this day of , mayor. countersigned: city clerk. sec. . auctioneers, and all persons selling or offering for sale goods, wares, and merchandise at auction, judicial sales excepted, shall pay a license therefor in the sum of five dollars per annum, or for city of ann arbor a less period, and shall execute and deliver to the city of ann arbor a bond in the penal sum of two hun- dred and fifty dollars, with sufficient sureties to be approved by the mayor, conditioned to obey in the time, manner and place of conducting such business, all of the ordinances of said city. any such license shall, however, authorize such licensee to sell at auc- tion in person only. sec. .* every hawker, peddler, or person going about from place to place, or who makes use of any , of the streets or open places in said city, selling or offering for sale goods, wares, merchandise or any » species of property, shall pay a license in the sum of $ per year or $ for six months. and for a period less than six months such person shall pay license therefor as follows: that is to say, if he in- tends to travel on foot, $ . per day; if he intends to travel with one or more horses, $ . for every vehicle used. any person selling or exposing for sale any property from any wagon, hand cart, show case or stand, in any street or open place, shall pay the sum of $ . per day; and in granting license for any such purpose in any street or open place, the mayor may designate where any such wagon, hand cart, stand or show case shall be located, and shall have power to change and relocate the same from time to time in his discretion: provided, this section shall not apply to persons selling meat, domestic fruits, dairy, farm and garden produce (of their own rais- ing and production) nor to bakers or merchants de- livering goods to their customers. sec. . every pawnbroker or other person who loans money on personal property, and who shall have and maintain a shop or other place therefor, shall pay the sum of twenty-five dollars per annum for a license therefor, and shall execute and deliver amended january , . ordinances of the to the city of ann arbor, a bond in the penal sum of five hundred dollars, with sufficient sureties, to be approved by the mayor, conditioned that he will conduct such business in all things according to law and the ordinances of said city. sec. . no person shall have, maintain or keep for hire any public carriage, hackney coach, cab, om- nibus or other vehicle for the carriage of persons, without a license therefor; and every person so li- censed shall pay annually therefor the sum of one dollar for each carriage, cab, omnibus or other vehi- cle so kept and maintained as aforesaid for a public conveyance, and shall also execute to said city, for the use of all persons injured in person or property, a bond in the penal sum of two hundred and fifty dollars, with sufficient sureties, to be approved by the mayor, conditioned that such licensee, his agents and servants, shall observe and abide by all of the provisions of the charter and ordinances of said city, and also that such licensee, his agents and servants, shall do and perform all and singular all of their duties as a common carrier of persons and property. no person shall drive any such public carriage, cab, hackney coach, omnibus or other public vehicle, for which the owner or keeper shall not have procured a license. every conveyance when licensed under this ordi- nance, when used or driven at night, shall be pro- vided with two lighted lamps, one on either side there- of, with plain glass fronts and sides, and having the number of the license therefor printed in legible char- acters thereon. sec. . every sleigh, and every cart, truck, wag- on, dray or other vehicle having two or more wheels and drawn by one or more horses or other animals, which shall be kept, maintained, used, driven or em- ployed for the transportation or conveyance of any city of ann abbob goods, chattels or anything whatsoever, from place to place within the city of ann arbor, for hire or reward, shall be deemed a public dray within the purpose and meaning of this ordinance. and no per- son shall keep, have or maintain for hire any such public dray within said city without a license there- for. the mayor is hereby authorized to grant a li- cense to any person to keep, maintain and operate a public dray in and within said city, on such person paying for every dray so licensed as follows: for every dray drawn by one horse or other animal, one- half dollar per year; and for every dray drawn by two or more horses or other animals, one dollar per year; and also on condition that such licensee do execute and deliver to the city of ann arbor, for the use of all persons injured in person or property, a bond with sufficient surety, to be approved by the mayor, in the penal sum of one hundred dollars, con- ditioned that such licensee, his agents and servants, shall at all times abide by the ordinances of said city, shall and do well and faithfully perform all and sin- gular all of his duties as a common carrier of persons and property. sec. .* no person, firm, corporation or com- pany shall exhibit or maintain in said city any cir- cus, menagerie, play, game, theatrical exhibition, rol- ler skating rink, bowling alley, or billiard hall, or exhibit natural or artificial curiosities, or exhibit any show or entertainment of any kind for which pay is demanded or received without a license therefor, and for every license granted for any such business, ob- ject or purpose there shall be paid by the licensee the sum of money hereinafter specified: for a circus which shall include a menagerie the sum of $ . per day; for a circus without a menagerie the sum of $ . * per day; for a menagerie without a circus, the sum of * as amended june , . ordinances of the | . ; for a whirling or merry-go-round, shooting gallery or other game of like character, $ . for the first day and $ . per day thereafter; for every hall, opera house or theater let for the purpose of giving theatrical and other like entertainments a license fee based upon the seating capacity of such hall, opera house or theater as follows: if such place have a seating capacity less than the license fee therefor shall be the sum of $ . per annum; for a seating capacity of from to the license fee therefor shall be $ . per annum; for a seating capacity of from to , a license fee of $ . per annum; for a seating capacity over , a license fee of $ . per annum; for every skating rink a license fee of $ . per annum; for every place used for •purposes of bowling, a license fee at the rate of $ . per annum for each alley in such place; for every bil- liard hall a license fee of $ . for each billiard table or pool table therein: provided, however, that it shall be unlawful between the hours of : p. m. and : a. m. for any bowling alley or billiard hall to be kept open, operated or used for bowling or billiard play- ing; for every other public entertainment not herein- before stated for which pay shall be demanded or re- ceived, $ . for the first day, and $ . for every day thereafter: provided, however, that all exhibits of agriculture, educational or religious associations, or local theatrical and musical societies are excepted from all the provisions of the ordinance. sec. . the mayor may refuse to issue licenses to any person for any of the purposes aforesaid, and may revoke or annul any license hereafter granted for any purpose or occasion whatever. any such re- fusal or revocation shall, however, be reported by the mayor to the common council at its first session there- after. any person aggrieved by any such action of the mayor, may appeal therefrom to the common coun- cil, and upon due consideration the common council city of ann arbor < may reverse the action of the mayor, by a two-thirds vote of all the members elected. sec. .* no person, firm or corporation shall lay, alter or repair any drain or sewer connected with or intended to become a part of the city sewer system, or shall construct, alter or repair any plumbing work in any building, from or through which it is expected or intended to discharge sewage into or through the city sewers, unless said person, firm or corporation shall have previously been duly licensed as a city plumber by this city: provided, that the board of public works may in their discretion permit any property owner to build or construct connecting sew- ers upon the lots or premises owned or occupied by him or her, and to connect the same with the city sewers, under the inspection of the plumbing inspec- tor. sec. .f any person, firm or corporation desir- ing to obtain" a license as city plumber of this city shall file an application in writing for the same with the city clerk, in which the applicant shall set forth his name or legal title, and place of business. the said applicant shall also execute and submit along with the said application a good and sufficient bond in the penal sum of one thousand dollars, with two or more sureties, each of whom shall justify in real estate situated in said city of ann arbor in a sum equal to the amount of said bond, over and above all indebtedness and all exemptions from sale on execu- tion. the same bond shall be conditioned as follows: that said licensee shall well and truly perform all work undertaken by virtue of the said license, strictly according to the rules and regulations of the * added by ordinance passed feb. , ; approved feb. . . as amended by ordinance passed march , ; approved march , . t added by ordinance passed feb. . ; approved feb. , . ordinances of the hoard of public works of said city of ann arbor, which are in force at the time of executing said bond or which may be adopted at any time thereafter, and subject at all times to the inspection of said board or any of its members, in every place and particular. that the said licensee shall save harmless and in- demnify the said city of ann arbor from any and all claims, charges or liability, losses or damages, suits, actions, judgments and executions, of whatever name or nature, that shall or may at any time arise, come or be brought against the said city of ann arbor, by reason of any injury, loss or damage sustained by any one, either in person or property, by, from or through any imperfect or improper work of the said licensee, or by, from or through any defective, imperfect or unfit materials used in any such work, or by, from or through the neglect or failure of said licensee to properly and effectively guard and protect any exca- vations or piles of materials or dirt in, ajong or upon any street, alley, avenue, commons or other public place, caused in performing any work undertaken by virtue of said license. that said licensee shall, immediately upon the completion of any work undertaken by virtue of the said license, well and truly replace, restore or renew any portions of pavement, sidewalk, crosswalk, curb- ing or street surface, torn up, disturbed, removed or incumbered by reason of any work undertaken by virtue of the said license, so that the same shall be and remain for a period of six months, in first-class condition satisfactory to the said board of public works. that the said licensee, his agents and servants, shall and will at all times comply with the provisions of any and all ordinances of said city of ann arbor, relative to the use of streets, alleys and public places, and all ordinances providing for the suitable and effective? protection of excavations and piles of mater- city of ann arbor ials in and along or upon any such streets, alleys, com- mons and public places, while engaged in any work under said license, and shall and will erect and main- tain a good and sufficient fence, railing or barrier around any excavations or piles of material so made as aforesaid, in such a manner as to prevent any acci- dent, injury or damages, and shall and will maintain upon such railing, fence or barrier suitable and suf- ficient red lights during the hours of the night. after the said bond shall have been approved by the common council, and upon receipt of a license fee of one dollar, the city clerk shall issue a license as city plumber, to the said applicant, the said license not to be and remain in force for a longer period than one year from its date of issuance, and all such li- censes to expire on the first day of may next succeed- ing the said date: provided, however, that no license shall expire before may , . sec. .* the form of a plumber's license shall be as follows: ann arbor, mich mayor's office, ) city of ann arbor, f ss' to whom it may concern: this is to certify that has fully complied with all of the requirements of the ordinances of this city, to that end made and established, and is hereby duly licensed to build con- necting sewers and to do all kinds of plumbing work in buildings for the discharge of sewage into or through the city sewers, until the first day of may, ioo in witness whereof i have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the city of ann arbor to be affixed, this day of mayor. city clerk. sec. .* the city clerk may retain for each and every license granted, of such license fee, the sum of fifty cents for his own use, and the remainder of all such license fees he shall without delay pay into the city treasury. * added by ordinance passed feb. , ; approved feb. , . ordinances of the sec. .* any violation of, or wilful neglect or failure to comply with any of the provisions of this ordinance, shall, on conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of twenty dollars and costs of suit to be taxed by the court, or by imprisonment in the com- mon jail of the county of washtenaw for a period of thirty days, or both such fine and imprisonment; and on the imposition of any such fine, the court shall have power and authority to make a further order and judgment, that any such person so convicted shall be imprisoned in the common jail aforesaid until such fine and costs shall be paid; but such imprisonment shall not exceed thirty days. sec. .* all ordinances relating to licenses, in conflict with the provisions of this ordinance, are hereby repealed. all licenses heretofore granted, however, and now in force, shall remain until revoked, or until they shall otherwise expire. sec. .* this ordinance shall take effect and be in full force after ten days from legal publication. an ordinance relative to the licensing of dogs and regulating the running at large and the slaying of dogs. (passed september , ; approved september , ; amended october , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section if. it shall be unlawful for any person to own, possess or harbor, or have the care or keep- ing of any dog, male or female, over the age of three months, within the city of ann arbor, without first obtaining a license therefor from the said city of ann * as renumbered by ordinance passed feb. , ; approved feb. , . f as amended october , . city of ann arbor arbor. the fee for which license shall be: for a male dog and a spayed female dog, one dollar and twenty-five cents; for a female dog, five dollars. no license shall be granted for a period exceeding one year, and all licenses shall expire on the first day of july succeeding their issue. sec. .* it shall be the duty of every person own- ing or having the possession or care of any dog, male or female, to cause such dog to be registered in the office of the city clerk, in a register kept by said clerk for that purpose, and to pay the license fee provided in section of this ordinance, into the city treasury; and also to obtain the city clerk's receipt for said license so paid and the metallic plate or check herein- after described, under the penalties herein provided. sec. . it shall be the duty of the clerk of said city to provide such number of metallic plates or checks as may be necessary, of such size and shape as he may deem expedient (the shape of such check or plate to be changed each year), having stamped there- on numbers indicating the year for which the tax is paid, the number of the license and the letters a. a. d. t., and to deliver one of these metallic plates to each person so paying for a license upon any such dog. sec. . it shall be the duty of such owner, pos- sessor, keeper or harborer of any such registered dog, to place or cause to be placed around the neck of any such dog, a substantial collar, and on such collar se- curely to attach or cause to be attached the metallic plate or check so furnished by the clerk of said city; and if any person shall place or cause to be placed upon the collar or around the neck of any such dogr any counterfeit of the metallic plate or check so fur- nished by the city clerk, or any such metallic plate without the license for the keeping of such dog having ♦as amended october , . city of ann abbor shall retain such fees as compensation for his services as poundkeeper under this ordinance: provided, that when any dog which shall have been delivered to said poundmaster by some person other than the marshal or a patrolman of the said city of ann arbor, shall have been redeemed in accordance with the provisions of section of this ordinance, one-half of such re- demption fee shall by said poundmaster be paid to the person who delivered said dog to the poundmaster as provided in section . sec. . it shall not be lawful for any owner, pos- sessor or person having in charge or care, a fierce or dangerous dog, to permit or allow the same to go at large at any time in said city, to the danger or annoy- ance of any of its inhabitants. whenever any person shall have been convicted of violating the provisions of this section of this ordinance, and shall permit or allow such dog to run at large after such conviction, it shall be the duty of the police authorities of said city to kill such dog. sec. . it shall be unlawful for the owner, posses- sor, keeper or harborer of any licensed female dog, knowingly to permit her to run at large while in heat, and it shall be the duty of the police of said city to seize, take up and deliver to the pound-keeper any such dog found running at large in said city at such time. it shall be the duty of the poundmaster to serve upon the owner or keeper of such dog a notice in writing of the impounding of such dog, at once, and any such dog so impounded may be redeemed or taken from such pound by the owner or keeper of such dog within forty-eight hours after service upon such owner or keeper of said written notice, upon the payment to said poundmaster of the fees as provided in section . in case the owner or keeper of any such dog so im- pounded shall not have redeemed said dog as herein provided, it shall be the duty of the poundmaster to o ordinances ob' the kill the same, or in case said dog is worthy and valua- ble the same shall be sold by the poundmaster, at the pound, by public auction, to the highest bidder, at the hour of noon next succeeding the expiration of said forty-eight hours. sec. . it shall be unlawful for any person to own, keep or harbor any dog which, by loud and fre- quent barking, howling or yelping, shall cause serious annoyance or disturbance to any of the citizens of said city. sec. . whenever any danger shall be justly feared sis likely to result from hydrophobia, the mayor shall publish his proclamation requiring all persons owning or having charge or keeping any dog or dogs, to confine them on their premises for a prescribed time, and any person who shall omit to secure any dog owned or harbored or kept in charge by him, or shall allow such dog to escape or go from his premises, shall be liable on conviction before the proper tri- bunal, to the punishment provided in section of this ordinance. during the time prescribed by the mayor's proclamation, any dog found running at largo upon the public streets of said city shall be forthwith slain. sec. . whenever any person shall have been convicted of owning, possessing, keeping or harboring any dog that has bitten any person within said city while peaceably walking or riding without the en- closure of such owner, keeper or harborer, the justice of the peace before whom such person shall have been convicted, shall issue an order in writing directing such owner, keeper or harborer of said dog to kill the same within six hours after service on him of such order. the owner, possessor, keeper or person having in charge any such dog, who shall refuse or neglect to kill it within six hours after having received such order, shall on conviction before the proper tribunal. city of ann arbor be liable to the punishment provided in section of this ordinance, and it shall be the duty of any police officer to destroy such dog wherever he shall be found at large in said city six hours after service of said order. sec. . any person violating any of the provis- ions of this ordinance, shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding fifty dollars and costs of prosecution, and in the imposition of any such fine and costs, the court may impose a further sen- tence that the offender be and remain imprisoned in the common jail of washtenaw county until such fine and costs have been paid: provided, that such im- prisonment shall not exceed thirty days. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after the th day of october, a. d. . an ordinance relative to porters, runners and drivers, and to regulate hacks and drays. (passed march , ; approved march , ; amended august , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section .* every person licensed to use any hack, coach, cab, omnibus or other vehicles for carry- ing passengers for hire in the city of ann arbor, shall be permitted to have, demand and receive from any person or persons for whom they may perform any service embraced within the scope of their license, the following rates, or prices, for such service, and no more: for each passenger to any part of the city, twenty-five cents, for baggage, not exceeding one hun- dred and fifty pounds in weight, to any part of the city, twenty five cents; for children over six years, as amended august , . ordinances of the and under twelve years of age, fifteen cents; for chil- dren under six years of age, in charge of parents or guardian, in all cases to be carried free. for the use of hackney, carriage or omnibus by the hour, one dol- lar and fifty cents for the first hour, and one dollar for each additional hour, and for the additonal frac- tional hours thereof, at the rate of one dollar per hour. provided, that when a carriage or omnibus is used between the hours of eleven o'clock p. m. and five o'clock a. m., standard time, it shall be lawful to de- mand and receive for the same service double the rates prescribed above. any driver or person in charge of a hackney, car- riage or omnibus, or other public vehicle, shall keep and immediately produce upon request, a printed copy of this section of this ordinance, to be furnished upon application by the city clerk. and every licensed hack shall contain a printed card conspicuously dis- played showing the charges permitted by this ordi- nance, said card to be furnished by the city clerk. any person who shall make and collect any over charges in the above rates, or shall be guilty of any rude, boisterous, noisy or improper conduct, to the disturbance of the quiet and comfort of travelers and citizens, shall be punished as hereinafter in this ordi- nance provided. sec. . every person licensed to use any cart, truck, wagon, or other vehicle for the transportation of any property, for hire, within the city of ann ar- bor, shall be allowed to charge the following rates of prices for such transportation, and no more: for each load conveyed by a dray drawn by one horse, or other animal, to any part of the city, seventy- five cents; for each load conveyed by a dray drawn by two horses, or other animals, to any part of the city, one dollar; or conveying any single article to any part of the city twenty-five cents. and no greater sum shall be demanded and re- city of ann abbor eeived, unless by previous agreement by the parties interested, but not to make an unreasonable or ex- horbitant charge for moving any such property or thing. every person driving, or having in charge, any dray, cart, or other vehicle for the transportation of property for hire, shall keep and immediately produce, upon request, a correct copy of this section of this ordinance, to be furnished, upon application, by the city clerk. any person who shall make and collect any over- charge on the above rates shall forfeit and pay a fine of not exceeding five dollars and cost of prosecution for a first offense, and not exceeding twenty-five dol- lars and costs of prosecution for a second, or subse- quent, offense. sec. . the common council shall by resolution from time to time, as may be deemed necessary, or advisable, fix and determine a stand, or stands, for all hacks, drays, or other vehicles used for the transporta- tion of passengers or property for hire, in «aid city, to be occupied by them while waiting for employment; and drayman or hackman, or other person having the charge of any such vehicles, shall cause their hacks and drays to occupy the stand so designated by the common council, while waiting for employment, and shall cause the said dray or hack to stand in such a manner as to obstruct the public street as little as possible. any person failing to comply with the provisions of this section shall be liable to a fine of five dollars, and the costs of prosecution. sec. . no person while acting in the capacity of a public porter, or runner, for any hotel, or other public house, or as an omnibus agent, or as the driver of any hack, omnibus, baggage wagon, dray, or other public carriage, or vehicle for the transportation of ordinances of the passengers or property, shall in any manner tease, vex, or annoy citizens or passengers in soliciting pa- tronage for his hotel, or vehicle, by following after, surrounding, obstructing, or in any manner interfer- ing with a quiet and undisturbed egress or departure of any and all passengers, or citizens, from the depots and depot grounds in this city, of the michigan cen- tral and ann arbor railroad companies, and no such porter, runner, driver, agent, or drayman, shall make, aid, countenance, or assist in making any loud or boisterous noise, disturbance or improper diversion, or be guilty of any indecent, immoral, obscene, or in- sulting language, conduct or behavior, at or near either of said depots, or at or near any hack, or dray stand, or in or about any of the public streets, alleys, or other public places of this city. sec. . every public porter or runner for any hotel or other public house, or omnibus agent, or driver of any hack, omnibus, baggage wagon, or dray, shall wear a badge in some conspicuous place upon his person, upon which in plainly legible characters shall be engraved, or printed, the number of his ve- hicle, or the name of his hotel, or other public house; and no person, unless he wears such a badge, shall procure passengers, or charge and receive any fare for the use of any public vehicle. sec. . the city marshal shall assign the limits within which all hacks, omnibuses, or other vehicles, shall stand when at the michigan central or ann arbor railroad depots, and the drivers of said vehicles shall have choice of position within said limits, in the order of their arrival upon the ground. said ve- hicles may occupy their proper positions at said sta- tions, or depots, for twenty minutes prior to the ad- vertised time of the arrival of passenger trains, and for twenty minutes after the actual arrival of said trains, but no longer period, and at no other time. city of ann arbor all porters, runners, agents, drivers or other per- sons having the care or control of said vehicles, or acting for any hotel, or other public house, shall, upon the arrival of any passenger train, immediately take their position along the outer edge of the sidewalk which extends along the south side of the michigan central depot building, or along the east side of the ann arbor (railroad) depot building, as the case may be, and close by the hack or other vehicle belong- ing to, or in care of, or control of the said porter, driver, or other person; nor shall any porter, run- ner, agent, driver, drayman, or any other such person, leave his said position, or go into, or towards, the said depot buildings while any passenger train is stand- ing at the station taking on or discharging passengers, except at the request of a passenger for the purpose of removing his baggage. sec. . no hack or other public vehicle shall be permitted to stand in any street or other public place of this city, while carrying or containing passengers without the team attached thereto being securely hitched, unless the same shall be within the immediate control of the driver. sec. . any person who shall be convicted of a violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance, and for which no penalty has been heretofore pre- scribed, shall be punished by a fine of not more than twenty-five dollars and the cost of prosecution, or by imprisonment in the city lock-up, or in the washte- naw county jail, for a period not to exceed thirty days, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the dis- cretion of the court; and in imposing such fine the court may make a further sentence that the offender may be imprisoned in said city lock-up, or washte- naw county jail, until the said fine be paid, not to ex- ceed thirty days. this ordinance shall take effect and be in full force on and after ten days from legal publication. ordinances of the an ordinance relative to transient traders. (passed december i, ; approved december , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . no person or persons, firm or corpor- ation shall ply the vocation of transient trader in the city of ann arbor without first obtaining a license as herein provided. sec. . a transient trader as used in this ordi- nance shall be construed to mean a person by himself or in company with others who occupies premises within the city for a temporary period and is not as- sessed for taxes in the city and who offers goods, wares or merchandise for sale. sec. . before any license shall be granted under this ordinance, the person or persons, firm or corpor- ation desiring the same shall make application to the common council in writing specifying the kind of business the applicant proposes to engage in, the time it is to be carried on, and the place where such goods are to be sold, and shall at the time of making such application deposit with the city clerk of said city the amount of the license fee required by this ordinance. sec. . the license fee required by this ordinance shall be as follows: for the right and privilege of selling goods at re- tail by sample, $ . per day for the first ten days, and $ . per day for each and every day in addition thereto. for the right and privilege of selling goods from a stock actually kept on hand from which selections are made by the purchaser, $ . per day for the first twenty days, and $ . for each and every day in addition thereto. sec. . nothing in this ordinance shall be con- strued to prohibit the sale of goods, wares or mer- city of ann ahbor chandise to local merchants and dealers who are al- ready engaged in or about to engage in business in the said city of ann arbor. sec. . the sum so paid by such party or parties may be remitted by order of the city council provided it is shown that the stock of goods owned and con- trolled by them has become subject to assessment and has been duly assessed by the city assessor of the city of ann arbor and that the taxes thereon have been paid. sec. . any person violating any of the foregoing provisions of this ordinance shall on conviction there- of be punished by a fine not to exceed one hundred dollars or imprisonment in the city lock-up or wash- tenaw county jail not to exceed ninety days, or both fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court. sec. . all ordinances and parts of ordinances heretofore passed by the city of ann arbor coming in conflict with this ordinance or any provision of the same are hereby repealed. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. an ordinance to provide for licensing and regulating saloons and all places, except drug stores, where spiritous, malt, brewed, fermented, vinous or intoxicating liquors are sold or kept for sale at wholesale or retail. (passed april , ; approved april , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . no person shall keep a saloon or other place, except a drug store, where any spiritous, malt, brewed, fermented, vinous or intoxicating liquors are ordinances of the sold or kept for sale at wholesale or retail within the limits of the city of ann arbor, without having first obtained from the common council a license there- for, in the manner hereinafter provided. sec. . every person desiring to keep such a sa- loon or place shall, before entering upon such busi- ness, make application in writing therefor to the com- mon council, specifying the location of the building in which he intends to keep the same. such applica- tion shall be accompanied by a recommendation signed by at least ten ( ) reputable and respectable citizens of this city who are taxpayers in and residents of the ward in which such saloon or place is proposed to be located, certifying that the applicant is well known to them, is well qualified to keep a saloon and is of good reputation, fame, moral character, and an order- ly person. such applicant shall also, before receiv- ing such license, pay to the city clerk a fee of one ($ . ) dollar for issuing such license. such appli- cant shall also before such license is issued execute a bond to the city of ann arbor in the sum of five hun- dred ($ . ) dollars, with two sufficient sureties who shall be residents and freeholders of the city of ann arbor, and each of whom shall justify in real estate situated in said city in a sum equal to the amount of the bond over and above all indebtedness, and all exemptions from sale or execution, to be ap- proved by the common council, conditioned that he shall keep and maintain an orderly and well regulated saloon during the continuance of such license and shall pay all fines and costs imposed upon him for the violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance. provided, that such applicant shall have the right and privilege of pre- senting a surety company bond to said city for said sum and for the said purpose hereinbefore contained. sec. . if it shall come to the knowledge of the common council that such applicant has been convict- city of ann arbor ed of crime, other than a violation of the liquor law, or that the past management of a saloon by such ap- plicant, or the past reputation of the place where the business is to be carried on, is of such a charac- ter as to be a menace to the peace and good order of the neighborhood, said common council, through the city clerk, shall notify such applicant thereof and shall appoint a time and place to ascertain the truth thereof. at such time and place if it shall appear that such applicant has been served with a notice thereof, the common council shall proceed to inves- tigate said allegations, and if it shall be made to appear to said common council upon such investiga- tion, that said applicant has been theretofore con- victed of crime, other than a violation of the liquor law, or that the past management of his saloon by said applicant, or the past reputation of the place where the business is to be carried on is of such a character as to be a menace to the peace and good order of the neighborhood, said common council may refuse such application for such license. sec. . any person who shall be found guilty of violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred ($ . ) dollars, or by imprisonment in the wash- tenaw jail for a period of time not to exceed ninety ( ) days, or by both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten ( ) days from legal publication. osi»lxaxces of t=x an ordinance regulating the posting of bills. tacking and painting of signs, and the circulation of ad- vertising matter and sample packages, to li- cense bill posters and to regulate their manner of doing business in the city of ann arbor. the common ('o»iiiril of fh»- citi/ of ann arbor or- section . no person shall engage in or carry on the business or occupation of bill justing in the f it v of ann arl»or without first having been licensed to carry on said business in accordance with the pro- visions of this ordinance. hfy. ' . hill posters within the meaning of this ordinance shall be construed to include all persons who engage in the business or occupation of posting, by tacking, posting, painting, or otherwise, or circu- lating from house to house, or distributing upon the streets any advertising matter, bills, posters, sam- ples, pictures or any other thing, matter or device whatsoever, advertising the business of any firm or corporation, whether that of merchant, manufacturer, publisher, or person or persons engaged in any busi- ness of industrial pursuit or of any operas, theatres, shows, circuses, or other exhibitions. provided, how- ever, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to apply to the painting of store, office or other signs by sign painters, nor to the posting of legal notices by public officers or attorneys in the manner and in the places prescribed by law. provided, further, that this shall not prohibit any resident of this city from distributing bis own advertising matter, or causing the same to be done by any responsible parties. kc. . any person or persons desiring to engage da in: ordinances of thk same may be placed is the property or under the control of the person or persons so doing or unless the consent of the owner or the person in control thereof shall be first obtained for advertising pur- poses. sec. . no person shall loosely scatter or throw any bills or other advertising matter on the surface of any of the public streets, alleys, or on the public grounds of the city, nor in the yards of private resi- dences. sec. . any licensed >i poster, his agents and all of his employees, unless accompanied by him, while engaged in the act of posting bills, tacking signs or banners, hanging lithographs, painting signs or bul- letins, distributing bills, books, pamphlets, circulars or samples of any kind whatsoever within the corpor- ate limits of ann arbor, shall while so engaged wear a badge with the following words: "licensed bill post- er" printed or engraved thereon, said badge to be worn at all times so as to be seen upon the person so engaged in said business and all such badges to be furnished at the expense of the licensee. sec. . no bill poster while distributing is al- lowed to ring door bells. sec. . no bill poster while distributing will be allowed to walk across lawns or gardens. sec. . it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to tear off, tear down, burn, disfigure, muti- late or in any way destroy, deface, harm or molest any bill board, sign board, or any advertising matter whatsoever affixed thereto. any such person or per- sons who shall have violated any of the foregoing sec- tions shall be deemed as having committed a misde- meanor and will be prosecuted and punished to the full extent of the law. sec. . no bill poster or other person shall post or affix any bill or advertising containing pictures, il- city of ann arbor lustrations or printed matter of any obscene or im- moral character. sec. . no bill poster shall scatter, daub or leave any paste, glue or other like substance, used for affix- ing bills, upon any public sidewalk or pavement nor scatter or throw any old bills or waste material, re- moved from bill boards, on the surface of any public street or alley nor on the surface of any private grounds, nor in the rear of any bill boards or sign boards. sec. . any person or persons violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall upon the convic- tion thereof, be punished by a fine of not exceeding one hundred dollars or by imprisonment for a term not exceeding ninety days. sec. . that all ordinances or parts of ordi- nances, heretofore passed by the common council of the city of ann arbor, regulating the posting of bills, tacking of signs, distributing of books, circulars, pamphlets, bills, and advertising sample packages that would in any way conflict with the provisions of this ordinance be and the same are hereby repealed sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after the expiration of ten days from the legal publication thereof. public health. an ordinance relative to the public health. (passed november , ; approved november , ; amended september , ; approved september , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . every physician or person acting as such, who shall have a patient sick with small-pox, varioloid, cholera, scarlet fever, measles, typhoid ordinances of the fever, whooping cough, diphtheria, erysipelas, puer- peral fever, consumption, or any other contagious, in- fectious or pestilential disease, shall forthwith report the fact to the health officer or the city clerk. the said report shall be in writing and signed by the per- son making the same. . it shall set forth the name of the patient, if known, and the place by street and number or other sufficient designation where the said patient is being treated or kept. and every keeper or person in charge of any pest house under the con- trol of the authorities of this city, shall forthwith give written notice to the board of health, of the ar- rival of any person at said house, sick or affected with any contagious, infectious or pestilential disease. sec. . the proprietor or person in charge of any hotel, tavern, boarding, lodging or other public house, or owner or occupant of any building, private house or residence in this city, in which any person shall be sick with small-pox, varioloid, cholera, scarlet fev- er, measles, typhoid fever, whooping cough, diph- theria, erysipelas, puerperal fever or any other con- tagious, infectious or pestilential disease, shall forth- with report the said case of sickness to the health offi- cer or city clerk; and the said proprietor or person in charge, or owner or occupant, shall, when so or- dered by the said board of health, immediately pro- cure, put up and maintain posted in a conspicuous place on the front of the building containing the said patient, a card or sign such as the said board shall deem appropriate to the case and provide for the pur- pose; and the said card or sign shall not be removed, injured or defaced by any person, but shall remain posted until its removal is ordered by the said board of health, or their duly authorized agent. sec. . the proprietor or person in charge of any hotel, tavern, boarding, lodging or other public house, or owner or occupant of any building, private house ordinances of the within two hours after the arrival of the said sick person report the fact to the city clerk or to some member of the board of health, together with the place in said city where the said sick person shall have l»een put down. in case any pest house or hospital shall have been established by the board of health, such sick person shall be taken at once to said hos- pital in said public conveyance, if possible, and not permitted to alight at any other place, except to be immediately transferred to a conveyance especially intended for the removal of such cases to the said jm*st house or hospital. sec. . no owner, driver or person in charge of any public hack, carriage, omnibus or other convey- ance, shall knowingly permit the same to be used for the transportation of the body of any person who may have died of any contagious, infectious or pestilential disease, nor for the transportation of any person sick with any such disease, nor shall any such conveyance stop for and receive a passenger at any place or build- ing upon which is displayed a sign of the board of liea th giving notice of the presence upon the premises of a disease dangerous to the public health. and whenever any owner, driver or person in charge of any public conveyance shall unknowingly and inad- vertently permit the use of his said conveyance as hereinbefore prohibited, the said owner, driver or person in charge shall immediately upon learning of the improper use, report the same to the board of health, and cause the said public conveyance to be fumigated or disinfected or otherwise disposed of as shall be ordered by the said board; nor shall the said public conveyance be used for the transportation of passengers after the said improper usage thereof until a certificate in writing shall have been issued to the said owner, driver or person in charge, by the said board of health, to the effect that in the opinion of the said board the said public conveyance has been city of ann arbor properly and satisfactorily cleaned and disinfected, and may be so used without danger to the public health. sec. . every physician or person acting as such, who shall have a patient sick with any contagious, pestilential or infectious disease, shall immediately after each and every visit to the said patient, and be- fore visiting any other place, person or patient, unless going to a place near by similarly infected, change his or her clothing and otherwise disinfect himself in such manner as may be hereafter prescribed by the board of health. and the same precautions shall be taken by persons waiting upon or nursing persons af- fected with any such disease, and by persons visiting the sick room for any purpose whatever while occu- pied by the said patient, and by undertakers who have charge of the remains of any person who has died of any such disease. and there shall be no public funeral permitted of any person who has died of any such disease. sec. . immediately upon the death or recovery of any person afflicted with any contagious, infectious or pestilential disease, the board of health shall cause the bedding, wearing apparel and other articles in use about the said sick person to be inspected by a competent person, who shall determine which of said articles may with safety be used by other persons after proper cleansing and disinfecting, and which of them ought to be destroyed. and the said inspector is hereby given power and authority to order the mode of cleansing and disinfection, and to order the de- struction of such articles as he may deem will be dan- gerous to the public health unless so disposed of; and the person owning or having charge of the said arti- cles shall immediately make such disposal of the same as the said inspector shall order. sec. . it shall be the duty of the physician or ordinances of the person acting as such, in charge of any patient sick with any contagious, infectious or pestilential disease, to give all necessary instructions regarding proper ventilation and cleansing of the house or residence in which the patient is confined and see that all regu- lations of this city and of the board of health there- of, relating to and applicable to the said case, shall be duly made known to the person or persons in charge of the premises where the said patient is con- fined, or having the care of the said patient; and the said physician or person acting as such shall report promptly any and all violations of the ordinances of this city or regulations of the said board of health made for the protection of the public health, which may come under their observation. sec. . the city marshal shall co-operate with the board of health in all matters pertaining to the abatement of nuisances and the preservation of the public health. he shall serve or cause to be served all notices and papers issued by the said board, and when so requested by the said board shall cause com- plaints to be made for the violation of the health ordinances of this city. and it shall be the duty of all members of the police force to report any and all violations of the health ordinances of this city to the said board of health as promptly as possible. sec. a.* that it shall be unlawful for any per- son to expose, set out or scatter any poison, poison- ous mixture or compound within the limits of the city of ann arbor. sec. . any person violating any of the provis- ions of this ordinance, or failing or neglecting to make any of the reports herein required, or failing or neglecting to obey any order or requirement of the board of health or of any officer or agent of the said board, made under the authority herein granted and * as amended september , . city of ann arbor sec. . when any dumb animal dies within the limits of this city, the owner or person having the care or control of said animal shall, within two hours thereafter, cause the carcass to be removed beyond the city limits, or to some place hereafter especially pro- vided by the common council. sec. .* any person owning, maintaining or in control of any soap, candle, starch or glue factory, grocery, cellar, butcher's shop, slaughter house, fish market, stable, barn, hen house, dove cote, pig pen, laundry, brewery, machine shop, tannery, drain sew- er, cess pool, privy, or other similar place, convenience or establishment shall keep the same properly cleaned and disinfected, and in such a manner as to prevent the same from becoming a nuisance or dangerous to the public health, and at all times in a condition sat- isfactory to the board of health. privy vaults and cess-pools shall be so constructed and located, and from time to time emptied, cleaned and disinfected, in such a manner as not to cause a nuisance or endanger the public health, or as the board of health may di- rect. all privies or out-of-door closets situated on or within any sewer district shall be of the type known as dry earth closets, conforming to the following re- quirements: vaults are prohibited. all closets shall be provided with water-tight receptacles. it will be the duty of the owner of the privies to see that these receptacles shall be emptied at least once in three months or oftener as may be directed by the board of health. within the privy or out-of-door closet shall be kept chloride of lime or some other satisfactory dis- infectant or dodorizer which shall be frequently sprinkled over the contents of the receptacle. sec. . the owner or keeper of any livery or oth- er stable, barn or shed within the limits of this city shall keep the same and the yard thereto clean, and * as amended october , . ordinances of the shall riot permit between the first day of may and the first day of the succeeding november of each year, more than two cart loads of manure to accumulate in or near the same at any one time. sec. . no person shall wash horses or other ani- mals or wagons, carriages or other vehicles, in any street, lane, alley or other public place of this city, or in such a place and manner that the water used in such washing shall flow into or upon any sidewalk or street, alley or other public place of this city. and no person shall permit any green or salted hides be- longing to or in the care or control of him or her to remain on any sidewalk or.in any street, alley or other public place of this city longer than one hour at any one time. sec. . any person who shall be found guilty of violating any of the provisions of this ordinance, or of failing to obey any reasonable direction or instruc- tion of the board of health given under the authority herein granted, shall be punished by a fine of not more than one hundred dollars or by imprisonment in the detroit house of correction, the city lock-up or the washtenaw county jail for a period of time not to exceed ninety days; or by both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. <h ordinances of the an ordinance to regulate and control the selling of milk within the city of ann arbor, and to license venders thereof, and to regulate the care of the cows from which milk is sold, and for the inspec- tion and examination of dairies and dairy herds, and of milk. (passed march , ; approved march , ; amended april , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that on or after may , , no per- son or persons shall sell, barter or traffic in milk within the city of ann arbor, without first having been licensed to do so by the city clerk of said city. sec. . any person or persons desiring to sell, barter or traffic in milk in the city of ann arbor, shall first procure a license as hereafter provided, and shall be granted a permit therefor upon the payment of the following license fees: for the selling of milk from wagons or sleighs, five ($ . ) dollars per year or any part thereof; from milk carts propelled by hand and cans carried by hand, and from all other places where milk is sold, one ($ . ) dollar per year or any part thereof: provided, however, that where more than one milk wagon is owned, operated or con- trolled by the same person or firm that a license fee of two ($ . ) dollars shall be charged for each addi- tional wagon or sleigh. said license fee to be paid to the city treasurer, who shall issue his receipt there- for; said receipt to be presented to the city clerk, who shall issue a license; said license shall continue and be operative until the first day of may, following the date of such issue, unless sooner revoked as herein- after provided. said license shall not be transfer- able except by permission of the city clerk. city of ann arbor sec. .* the city clerk shall not issue any such license unless the applicant therefor presents a state- ment in writing which shall state fully and explicitly: first—the name and residence of said applicant. second—the name and residence of the driver or person delivering the milk to his customers. third—the exact location or place from which said applicant obtains his milk, including the names and locations of all persons from whom he obtains milk. fourth—the number of cows in his herd, if a producer in whole or in part and the number of cows in any other herd from which he obtains milk. fifth—the manner in which said applicant in- tends to dispose of his milk when licensed. said ap- plicant shall also present a written consent from each person from whom he obtains milk, granting permis- sion to the health officer of said city, his representa- tive or any member of the board of health of the city of ann arbor, free and open access to his or her dairy or premises for the purpose of making an in- spection of the premises or herd, and upon the consent of the owner of said herd applying the "tuberculin test" as hereinafter provided. provided, that in case of any sudden or unex- pected demand for milk, which may reasonably be expected to exceed the ordinary supply, then, and in that case, any person holding a license as provided for in this ordinance may, and he is hereby authorized to purchase the needed extra supply of any person or persons who will, before said milk is sold to said deal- er, sign the written consent hereinbefore in this sec- tion provided for. and provided further, that said dealer or dealers, so purchasing said milk as afore- said, shall, before distributing or delivering said milk or any portion thereof, present a sample of said milk * as amended april , . city of ann arbor presence or absence of tuberculosis or any other con- tagious or infectious disease. the owner of any dairy herd may ask, demand and require said inspector to make the inspection or examination of his herd, with- out cost or expense to said owner, what is known as the "tuberculin test," a diagnostic agent for the de- tection of tuberculosis in such animals. but no such tuberculin test shall be made except upon the consent of the owner of such animal or animals. after such inspection and examination for tuberculosis said in- spector shall, at the request of the owner of such herd, tag each and every animal so examined, which tag shall state the result of the examination as regards the presence or absence of any contagious or infec- tious disease. said owner, or the licensee who obtains milk from said owner, may show that said herd has been subjected to said tuberculin test, either on his delivery wagon, or place of business, for the purpose of advertising the same, and said inspector shall file a report of the result of the examination and inspec- tion, as herein provided for, with the city clerk, which report shall also state what disposition if any has been made by said licensee or the persons from whom said licensee obtains his milk of the cows which are found to be affected with any contagious or in- fectious disease and whether or not any such diseased animals are used for the production of milk to be consumed in said city. every applicant to at once notify the city clerk and inspector of any change of his location or residence. sec. . any person so receiving a license shall cause his name, his place of business and the number of his license to be legibly placed and kept in a con- spicuous place on the outside of all wagons, sleighs or other vehicles used by him in the distribution or sale of milk; and all licensees who sell milk from stores, dairies or creameries shall have such license constantly in a conspicuous place upon the wall of o ordinances of the the room within which such sale of milk is carried on, and any person selling from cans carried by hand shall cause his name and number of his license to be posted on said can. sec. . no person shall offer or expose for sale, . or sell or deliver for sale or consumption, whether licensed under this ordinance or not, any unclean, impure, unhealthy, unwholesome or adulterated milk, or any milk from any farm, any dairy or any herd during the prevalence of any contagious or infectious disease in the family of any person connected with the care of said dairy herd or delivering milk from the same. no persons shall keep cows for the pro- duction of milk for sale or consumption in the city of ann arbor, in an overcrowded condition or in stables which are not properly ventilated or which are filthy from an accumulation of animal refuse or any other cause, and all stables in which cows are kept shall be whitewashed at the option of the in- spector at least twice a year; nor shall any milk be drawn from cows which are themselves in a condi- tion of filth or uncleanliness, or from cows which are affected with tuberculosis or from any other disease, or from cows which are supplied with food or water which is impure or unwholesome, and all milk thus produced is hereby declared unclean, impure, un- healthy and unwholesome milk; nor shall any dealer in milk selling milk, nor his agents, bottle, cause to be bottled any part of his milk supply upon the de- livery wagon nor at any place other than his milk house; and any milk which is shown by analysis to contain any substance or substances of any character not natural or normal constituents of milk, or to have been deprived either wholly or in part of any of the constituents naturally or normally contained in milk, or which has been diluted with water, or which is shown upon analysis to contain more than eighty-seven and fifty-one hundreds per cent of watery ordinances op the intent to sell, offer or expose for sale or deliver for sale or consumption in any store or place of business or from any wagon, sleigh or other vehicle, or in can or in package, any milk commonly known as skim milk or buttermilk without first procuring a license for the same, in accordance with the pro- visions of this ordinance, and secondly, without mark- ing the can or package containing said skim milk or buttermilk from which milk is delivered to the pur- chaser or consumer with the words "skim milk" or "buttermilk," according to which is offered for sale, in large, plain, black letters. said words to be in english and on top or side of can in such position as to be easily seen when said milk is delivered to the customer. sec. . the health officer of the city of ann arbor is hereby appointed inspector of milk in and for the city of ann arbor, with power and authority to ap- point such assistants, analyzers and subject to the approval of the board of health, at such compensation as may be approved by the common council. and it shall be the duty of the milk inspector to file a com- plete record in writing of his proceedings, as inspector or collector of samples, giving a full and accurate ac- count of all inspection made under the provisions of this ordinance. the board of health of the city of ann arbor is hereby authorized and empowered to furnish all necessary blanks and books of record and apparatus necessary to carry out the provisions of this ordinance and make and promulgate such rules, regulations and requirements as may be thought necessary to assist the inspector of milk or his assist- ants, in properly executing the duties of the same. sec. . all milch cows shall be kept clean and well bedded and dirt or filth upon the udder shall be washed off with warm water. city of ann arbor sec. . cows must be supplied with an abun- dance of good drinking water at least twice daily. sec. . all receptacles from avhich milk is sold by any dealer shall be thoroughly scalded before being used again as such receptacle. sec. . the leaving of milk bottles knowingly or other receptacles of milk at any place at which there is an infectious or contagious disease will be sufficient cause for the revoking of the dealer's license. sec. . no persons having discharging sores upon their hands or running sores upon their bodies or having chronic lung trouble will be permitted to milk cows whose milk is sold in the city of ann arbor. sec. . all so-called milk tickets shall be issued by the licensee in perforated sheet form or in some other similar manner, to be detached by the consumer in exchange for milk, and when so received by the licensee for milk delivered they shall be burned or destroyed. no ticket in exchange for milk shall be used the second time. sec. . dealers in retail of milk shall be held and deemed to include all persons who sell, barter or traffic milk in quantities of less than five gallons at any time to any person or persons. sec. . it shall be the duty of the health officer to make complaint in writing before the justice of the peace of the city of ann arbor of any violation of this ordinance coming to his knowledge. sec. . each violation of any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be construed to be a separate and complete offense, and for each violation on the same day or on different days the person so offending shall be liable to the penalties herein provided. sec. . any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this ordinance shall, on conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $ and cost of ordinances of the prosecution, and the court before whom such con- viction shall be had may make a further sentence that in default of the payment of such fine and costs with- in a time to be fixed by said court, the person so con- victed shall be imprisoned in the county jail until such fines or costs be paid, for a term not exceeding ninety days. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. an ordinance relative to garbage to regulate the col- lection and disposal thereof, and to prohibit hogs and hog-pens within the limits of the city of ann arbor. (passed july , ; approved july , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . for the purpose of this ordinance the word "garbage" shall be held to include every refuse accumulation of animal, fruit or vegetable matter that attends the preparation, use, cooking, dealing in or storing of meats, fish, fowl, birds, fruit or vege- tables; it shall also be held to include swill and kitchen and table refuse of every kind excepting dish water or waste water. sec. . no garbage shall hereafter be burned on any street, alley, common, or public place within the limits of said city; nor shall any person place garbage upon any private property, whether owned by such person or not, unless the same shall be enclosed in proper vessels or receptacles as provided in this ordi- nance. sec. . it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to throw or deposit, or cause to be thrown or city of ann arbor deposited, any garbage upon any street, alley, gutter, sidewalk, or public ground of said city. sec. . it shall be the duty of every tenant, lessee, or occupant of any dwelling house, boarding house, hotel, restaurant and place of business of any kind having garbage to be disposed of, to provide and at all times to keep within such building, or on the lot on which such building is situated, suitable and suffi- cient vessel or vessels having a capacity not exceed- ing twenty gallons with bails and handles and with close fitting covers thereto, for receiving and holding, without leakage or odors, all the garbage that may accumulate between the times of the collection there- of as the same shall be fixed by the common council. such vessels shall be filled only to within four inches of the top, and shall be placed in such places as shall be readily accessible at all times for purpose of re- moving or emptying the same (upon the line of an alley whenever possible or convenient) and where said vessels shall not be a public nuisance in any respect, or be placed in the limits of any street or alley. sec. . it shall be the duty of each tenant, occu- pant or lessee, having garbage to dispose of, to place in such vessels all garbage accumulating on his or her said premises, between such times of removal thereof as may be established by the common council, and nothing but garbage, as defined in this ordinance, shall be placed in such vessels. sec. . the board of health shall be the exclusive judge of the sufficiency of vessels and receptacles for garbage provided for by this ordinance. sec. . all garbage deposited in said vessels and receptacles shall be removed at the expense of the city of ann arbor at such regular intervals as may from time to time be established. sec. . the board of health shall have the power to establish such rules and regulations not inconsist- i ordinances of the ent with this ordinance governing the collection and disposal of garbage as may appear necessary for the preservation of the public health and safety. such rules and regulations, when made and published, shall become and are hereby made part of this ordinance, and anyone violating such rules and regulations shall be amenable as in this ordinance ordained. sec. , said city of ann arbor may contract for the removal and disposal of said garbage and in do- ing so may divide the city into districts, if it appears expedient or desirable, to do so, and may enter into separate contracts for each district. the letting of such contract, or contracts, may be referred to the board of public works and in such case it shall be the duty of said board to advertise for bids for collecting and disposing of said garbage for such length of time and under such conditions as shall be prescribed by the common council, and in accordance with this ordi- nance and such rules and regulations as may be adopt- ed by the board of health. said board of public works shall contract therefor with the lowest responsible bidder, or bidders, who shall enter into such bond or bonds for the faithful performance of said contract as shall be prescribed by the common council. pro- vided, that the term of such contract shall not in any case exceed three years. sec. . it is hereby made the duty of the con- tractor, or contractors, with the city of ann arbor for the collection and removal of garbage, to collect and remove in accordance and contract of the city all such garbage found within the city limits. such contractor, or contractors, shall transport and remove said garbage to places outside and at least one-fourth mile beyond the city limits. the kind of conveyance to be used in transporting said garbage may be spe- cifically provided for by contract as the common coun- cil shall direct, but shall be such at least as will be city of ann abbor suitable for the purpose and to securely convey gar- bage so that no portion thereof shall be spilled out, or dropped or thrown upon any street or alley or ad- jacent premises within the city, or anywhere within one-fourth mile of the city limits; nor shall the same be kept or stored upon any street or alley or public place except as in this ordinance provided; wagons or other conveyances used by contractors shall not be left in any street, alley or public place, or upon any private premises within the city longer than may be reasonably necessary in order to collect and remove the garbage; any such contractor may dispose of the garbage collected as feed for hogs, but only to hogs that are kept at least one-fourth mile from the city limits. sec. . no other person or party except the city contractor, or contractors, shall carry, convey or transport through the streets, alleys or public places of the city of ann arbor any garbage as herein de- fined except by the permission of the board of health. provided, that in no case shall garbage be carried in any other kind of wagon than stated in this ordinance or for any less distance than as provided in this ordi- nance; and it shall be unlawful for any person to interfere in any manner with the collection and dis- posal of such material by the city contractor, or con- tractors. sec. . the keeping of hogs or maintenance of hog-pens within the city limits is hereby declared to be a public nuisance, and the same shall be and hereby are absolutely prohibited within the limits of said city. all persons who shall hereafter keep hogs, or maintain hog-pens within the limits of said city shall be amenable to the penalty provided for violation of this ordinance as hereinafter set forth. sec. . the collection and removal of garbage shall be under the supervision of the board of health. i ordinances of the and it is hereby declared to be the duty of the board of health and police department, through their proper officials and agents, to enforce the provisions of this ordinance. sec. . any person guilty of any of the acts for- bidden by this ordinance, or throwing poisonous sub- stances or broken glass into garbage, or failing to ]>erform any of the duties imposed herein, or who shall violate any of the provisions of this ordinance or the rules of the board of health in reference to the same, shall, upon conviction, be fined in such sum as the court may determine, not exceeding one hundred dollars; and in case of default in the payment of such fine the court may make a further sentence that the offender be imprisoned in the county jail of washte- naw county, or any jail or lockup of said city, until such fine and costs be paid. provided, such imprison- ment shall not exceed thirty days. sec. . all ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict with this ordinance are hereby repealed. this ordinance shall be in force and effect ten days after its legal publication. cemeteries. an ordinance for the protection, management and gov- ernment of cemeteries and burial grounds. (passed may n, .) be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and aldermen of the city of ann arbor: section . that if any person or persons shall wrongfully and maliciously destroy, remove, deface or injure any fence, gate or other structure to, or around or inclosing or forming any part of the in- closure of any burial ground or cemetery in this city, or shall willfully and improperly destroy, remove, city of ann arbob * mutilate, cut, break, mar, deface or injure any tomb, monument, gravestone, or other structure or thing of any kind placed or designed for a monument for a memorial of the dead, or any fence, railing, ledge, curb, seat or other structure, tree, shrub, plant, flower or thing that shall have been intended, placed or left for the protection or ornament of any block, lot or ground, tomb, grave, monument, gravestone or other structure hereinbefore mentioned, in any inclosed cemetery or burial ground in this city, or shall will- fully injure or trample or go upon any grave or block or lot, inclosure, plot or parcel of land in any ceme- tery or burial ground within this city, that shall at the time have been laid, graded and turfed, or other- wise worked and improved by or for any person, fam- ily, persons or association as and for a place for the burial of the dead, or as a memorial of any deceased person or persons (except by permission of the owner of such improvement, or in or along an alley, walk or passage way, or place laid only and intended for a walk or passage way on or through such improved grounds), the persons so offending shall or may, upon conviction thereof before any justice of the peace re- siding in this city, or before any court having juris- diction of the offense, be punished by a fine not ex- ceeding twenty-five dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding thirty days, or by both, in the discretion of the court or justice before whom the offender shall be tried. sec. . that a sexton for each public burial ground in said city may be appointed by the common council, who shall hold his office for one year, and until removed by the common council, or until his successor shall be appointed. sec. . that the following rules and regulations for the protection, management and government of forest hill cemetery only, in said city, be and the same are hereby made and prescribed, to-wit: i ordinances of the no person shall ride or drive in any of the grounds within the inclosure of said cemetery (it being that part of the west half of the southeast quarter of sec- tion number twenty-eight, in township number two south, in range six east, in the state of michigan, lying north of the geddes road), except in and along the avenue, and in and along such paths as may be graded and graveled for that purpose, and designated by a guide-board or sign pointing them out as "car- riage paths," nor along any avenue or carriage paths faster than a walk. no horse or team shall be fastened or hitched in said cemetery, except at a post provided for that pur- pose, or left unhitched therein without a keeper. no person or persons visiting said cemetery shall take any dog or firearms or refreshments into said ceme- tery, or discharge any firearms therein, or in any manner attempt to destroy, frighten or injure any bird or other animal therein. no person shall take in the cemetery any flowers except for the purpose of leaving them therein, and no person shall pick or gather any cultivated flower in said cemetery, or remove, break, cut or mark any tree, shrub, or plant, or any branch or part thereof, or anything growing or being thereon, nor shall any person take any flowers from the said cemetery. no person shall throav or put anything in any pond, basin or reservoir of water in said cemetery, or in any manner disturb, roil or render unclean or impure the water in any such pond, basin or reservoir. if any such person or persons shall violate any of the rules or regulations prescribed in this section, the person or persons so offending shall or may, upon conviction thereof before any justice of the peace re- siding in this city, or before any court having juris- diction of the offense, be punished by a fine not ex- ceeding five dollars, or by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding ten days, or by both, in the discre- city of ann arbor tion of the court or justice before whom the offender shall be tried. these rules and regulations shall hot apply to the superintendent while in the performance of his duties in the cemetery, nor to any act done by any person or laborer in the cemetery under the direction of the superintendent or of the board of officers of the ceme- tery company, or of any committee thereof, nor to any act properly done by any lot holder, or any one under his directions, on the lot of such holder. sec . persons visiting the cemetery shall in all respects observe the proprieties of a place consecrated to the tender associations between the living and the dead they have lost and mourn; and if any person or persons shall commit any trespass in the cemetery, or violate any of these rules and regulations, or con- duct or converse in a rude, boisterous, unseemly or improper manner, the superintendent or any person employed by the cemetery board, or any committee thereof having charge of the grounds at the time, may remove and keep out any and every such offender from the cemetery grounds. an ordinance relative to the management and control of fairview cemetery. (passed january , ; approved january , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that the cemetery committee of the council shall have the management and control of fairview cemetery. said committee shall have pow- er to employ a sexton to take charge of said cemetery and to remove and discharge him at will, but the salary of the sexton, so appointed shall be fixed by resolution of the common council. the work of the sexton shall, at all times, be done under the direction ° ordinances of the of said committee. said committee shall have power to change, fix, and establish the price of the sale and care of graves and lots, and remove, subject to the approval of the common council, all unknown bodies to some certain place in said cemetery set aside for that purpose. sec. . any person, or persons, desiring to pur- chase a grave or lot in fairview cemetery, after select- ing and before using same, shall pay to the city clerk not less than one-half the price of said grave or lot and give an endorsed note satisfactory to said clerk, for the balance, payable to the city of ann arbor, and due within one year, with interest at the rate of six per cent per annum. and upon the full payment of the purchase price of such lot the mayor and city clerk shall execute, in the name of the city of ann arbor, a deed of such lot and deliver same to the purchaser thereof. sec. . any person who shall pay not less than twenty-five dollars for the care of his lot, or fraction of not less than one half of a lot, will be entitled to a voucher, signed by the city clerk, that the city will assume the care of such lot, keeping the same clean and in good order, and the monuments thereon in repair without further charge. ordinary wear, unavoidable accidents and damage by the elements excepted. sec. . all persons desiring to bury friends or relatives in fairview cemetery must file an applica- tion with the city clerk for a burial permit, such application to be accompanied by a fee of five dollars for an adult, three dollars for a child from the age of five years to twelve years, and two dollars for a child under five years of age, to cover the expense of digging, and filling and sodding the grave. sec. . assessments of one dollar shall be made annually on the th day of may for the care of each ordinances of the sec. .* lateral sewers shall be deemed to con- sist of the central sewer pipe and extension thereof to the curbline on either side of the street, lane, alley or public place, through and along which the said lat- eral sewer may be constructed. provided, however. that the common council in ordering or contracting for the construction of such public improvement may omit in its discretion the extensions thereof to the curb stone on either side of the street, lane, alley or public place through and along which the said lat- eral sewer may be constructed. sub-lateral sewers shall be considered and deemed to consist of laterals extending from the principal lateral to and into side or intersecting streets and to or near unto the center of the blocks fronting or abutting the streets in which the principal lateral is or may be constructed and shall be deemed a part and parcel of the principal lateral. connecting sewers shall be deemed to consist of the sewer pipe, and house connections from the build- ing to the lateral at the curbstone. wherever the word street is used in this ordi- nance or in any resolution, order or direction for the construction of any lateral sewer, it shall be deemed and understood to embrace streets, avenues, lanes, alleys, parks, and other public grounds, the same as though named specifically herein, or in any such or- der, resolution or direction. sec. . lateral sewers and all proceedings relat- ing thereto shall be designated by consecutive num- bers in the order of the date of the passage of the resolution requiring construction. sec. . the main, lateral, sub-lateral and all pub- lic sewers shall be in the charge and under the con- trol of the board of public works, or such other board or persons as shall or may be authorized by law: * as amended march , . city of ann arbor and it shall be the duty of the board of public works or such other person, to inspect, properly and suitably protect and maintain all of the public sewers now or hereafter constructed within the limits of the city, and no person, finn or corporation shall make con- nection with any of said sewers, except by leave of and under the supervision of the board of public works; and the said board of public works is hereby authorized and empowered to ordain and establish suitable rules, orders and regulations to be approved by the common council, for the construction, preserva- tion and maintenance of the main, all lateral and connecting sewers and house connections therewith, and to fix and determine the sum of money to be paid for connections with the main sewer when the main sewer is, by authority of the common council, author- ized to be used as a lateral sewer. sec. . whenever the common council shall deem it expedient to order the construction of any lateral sewer, the said common council shall so declare by resolution, naming the street in and along which it is proposed to construct the same; whereupon it shall be the duty of the city engineer to cause all needful surveys and measurements to be made, and report to the common council the starting point, direction and the place where any such lateral sewer will connect with the main sewer, the size and kinds of sewer pipe required, a full, complete and detailed estimate of the cost thereof, showing the cost of the street cross- ings separately, together with a map of the route thereof, showing among other things all of the lands, lots or parts of lots fronting on or adjacent to the same. sec. . in estimating and fixing the cost of lat- eral sewers, sub-laterals and the street crossings thereof, the city engineer shall estimate the cost of street crossings at the cost and expense of the sewer ordinances of the pipe laid; and all man-holes and other extras, al- though the same shall or may be laid at the crossing of two or more streets, shall nevertheless be deemed to be a charge on the special assessment district as a part of the principal and sub-lateral sewer. sec. . every such resolution and report of the city engineer shall be referred to a committee of the common council, which shall make due inquiry re- lating thereto, and after hearing all persons interest- ed therein, appearing and desiring to be heard, shall make a report thereon to the common council; and the common council shall, if the construction of any such lateral sewer shall still be deemed expedient, order and direct the board of public works to cause any such lateral sewer to be constructed and shall fix and determine the district to be assessed and charged with the cost and expense of the construction of the same, excepting street-crossings only, which shall be a charge on and against the general sewer fund, and which resolution of the common council shall be certi- fied to the board of public works and to the city asses- sor respectively. sec. . that after the certificate of any such reso- lution to the city assessor, the city assessor shall with- out delay proceed to make, fill out and complete a special assessment roll, wherein and whereon he shall set down, alphabetically arranged, the names of all the owners or occupants of the land contained within any such special assessment district, and all of the lands situate therein, well and sufficiently described, and shall estimate and determine the value of each parcel thereof, without considering any of the im- provements erected thereon other than as such im- provement together with adjacent improvements may or shall have increased or diminished the value of . such lands; all such land to be estimated at its true cash value. that after the completion of any such special assessment roll, the said city assessor shall ordinances of the said sum or sums of money on, upon and against the lands set down in and valued upon any such special assessment roll and shall certify the said special as- sessment roll and order and resolution of assessment to the city assessor. sec. . after any such assessment roll and order of assessment shall be certified to the city assessor, the city assessor shall without delay proceed to spread the sum or sums of money mentioned in any such order of assessment upon any such assessment roll, and assess the same against the persons therein named and against the lands mentioned therein, according to the estimated value thereof, as determined by the board of review, and thereafter shall make a true copy thereof and certify the said assessment roll to the city treasurer, who shall have and retain custody of the same, and the taxes so spread on and assessed upon any such assessment roll and levied against the lands described therein shall be and remain a valid tax and charge against the owner and against the lands mentioned therein until paid. the said taxes shall become due and payable in four equal annual install- ments in the month of july along with the other city taxes next after any such assessment roll shall have been confirmed, and annually thereafter until fully paid. all of the said taxes shall draw annual interest from the date of confirmation of any such assessment roll at the rate of five per cent per annum until paid. any person against whom any such tax shall have been assessed shall have leave and be at liberty to pay the same at any one payment at any time after any such assessment roll shall have been certified to the city treasurer, with interest from the date of con- firmation only. the city assessor shall retain a copy of each assessment roll in his office. sec. . that on the third monday in june in each and every year in which any such lateral sewer tax shall remain unpaid and be due and payable, the city of ann arbor city treasurer shall proceed to the city assessor's office and together with the city assessor shall stamp or mark "paid" on the copy of every such assessment roll all of the paid lateral sewer taxes due and pay- able in and during the then current year, and the said city treasurer shall report all unpaid lateral sewer tax then due and payable; and the common council shall on the fourth monday of june in each year cer- tify to the city assessor, along with the other city taxes to be assessed, all unpaid and payable lateral sewer taxes and all money required to be raised for the construction of all lateral sewers, for the then current year and also in a general way a description of the lands by reference to the number of the lateral sewer district to be taxed therefor; and the city asses- sor shall thereupon spread upon the general city tax roll of that year all such sums of money so remaining unpaid and payable, and so required to be raised for the construction of any such lateral sewers, all such sewer taxes to be carried out and entered in a separate column on said general tax roll with the interest thereon as aforesaid, the tax in one column and the interest thereon in another column, the general city tax roll to be properly ruled and printed for that purpose, and such columns to be entitled respectively, "lateral sewer tax'' and "interest on lateral sewer tax." and the sum or sums of money so set down and spread upon any such general city tax roll, shall be, remain and continue a valid debt, demand and tax against the person, and a valid tax on and against the lands so assessed as aforesaid, until fully paid; and shall be certified to the city treasurer and col- lected in the same manner in every particular as the other taxes set down and spread upon such general tax roll are, shall or may be collected. sec. . all lands situate within any such special assessment district without regard to the purpose or use for which the same are, have been or may be de- ordinances of the voted, excepting only lands belonging to the state, county or city, and excepting also such lands as shall or may have been exempted from lateral sewer tax on account of the construction of the main sewer, shall be and shall remain and be liable to be assessed and taxed for and shall contribute to the expense of the construction of lateral sewers. sec. . after any such resolution of determina- tion to construct any lateral sewer shall have been certified to the board of public works, the board of public works shall proceed without delay to obtain all necessary information, maps, estimates, plans and specifications for the construction of such lateral sewer, and shall advertise for tenders for the con- struction thereof, and shall contract therefor with the lowest responsible bidder, who shall give reason- able security for the faithful performance of his con- tract. the contractor shall do all the work and fur- nish all the material, and all contracts shall contain provisions requiring such lateral sewers to be con- structed of first-class material and workmanship, and under the direction and to the satisfaction of the board of public works and shall require all work to be completed at a specified time and without unrea- sonable delay. all contracts and bonds for the faith- ful performance thereof shall be reported to the com- mon council for confirmation and approval. sec. .* after the final determination of the common council, to cause any such lateral sewer to he constructed, and after the board of public works shall have concluded a contract for the construction thereof, the mayor and city clerk shall execute under their hands and the seal of the city, bonds of the city of ann arbor, payable to bearer in four equal annual installments, annually on or before the first day of august, thereafter, with interest not to exceed five * as amended august , . city of ann arbor per cent per annum, payable annually in sum or sums equal in amount to the estimated cost of the construction of any such lateral sewer, street cross- ings excepted. all such bonds shall be known as lateral sewer bonds, and be issued in series, conform- ing to the number of the lateral sewer on account of which any such bonds shall have been issued, and the city clerk shall deliver the same to the city treas- urer, but no more than forty thousand dollars in amount of any such bonds shall be outstanding at any one time. sec. . whenever any such bonds shall have been delivered to the city treasurer, he shall without delay proceed to sell the same for the best price ob- tainable, but none of said bonds shall be sold for less than the face value thereof. sec. . the city treasurer shall keep strict ac- count of all the moneys so received on the sale of such bonds, and each of the said lateral sewers shall have in the treasurer's account a separate fund de- voted thereto; and all the moneys obtained on the sale of bonds shall be applied to the payment of the cost and expense of the construction of the particular lateral sewer for which the same was issued, and all taxes paid on account therefor shall be devoted and applied to the payment of such lateral sewer bonds; and if there shall be any surplus moneys arising on the construction of any such lateral sewer, the same shall be applied to the payment of such lateral sewer bonds and to the refunding of a per cent. of all such lateral sewer taxes which may have been paid in full, equal to the per cent. of any such surplus, and a sum of money equal to the per cent. of any such sur- plus shall be remitted and deducted from the last in- stallment of any such tax hereafter to be paid and collected; and if there shall be a deficiency, that is to say, if the estimated cost shall prove to be less than the actual cost, then an additional assessment shall ° ordinances of the be levied and collected to make good and cover any such deficiency. sec. . it shall be the duty of, and the owner of each and every inhabited house or building, sit- uated on or witbin any such lateral sewer district, shall, in accordance with the rules and regulations and under the supervision of the board of public works, connect any such inhabited building with the said sewer system, within six months from the date of the full completion of such lateral sewer in front of the lands upon which any such inhabited building shall be situated; and it shall be the like duty of the occupant of any such inhabited building in like man- ner to make, build and construct such sewer connec- tions at the cost and expense of the owner, within and during the period of six months as aforesaid; and every such owner who shall neglect or for any reason fail to make, build and construct any such sewer connection within the time aforesaid, shall for- feit the sum of and be liable to a penalty of one dol- lar for each and every day thereafter during the con- tinuance of such default, said penalty not to exceed one hundred dollars, to be sued for and collected in like manner as other forfeitures and penalties are collected, under and in pursuance of the charter of the city of ann arbor and the laws of the state of michigan. sec. .* any person who by himself, or by his agent or servant, shall open, change, shut off, or in any way meddle with any flush-tank or flush-tanks connected with said sewer system, or any lateral sewer, without the written authority of the board of public works, shall upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars, including the costs of prosecution, or by imprison- ment in the washtenaw county jail for a period not *as amended march , . city of ann arbor to exceed thirty days, or by both such fine and impris- onment in the discretion of the court. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after the th day of june, a. d. . an ordinance relative to a sanitary sewer on broadway and wall streets. (passed may th, .) whereas, it is proposed to build a sanitary sewer on broadway and wall streets; and, whereas, such sanitary sewer, if constructed will necessarily be made use of to some extent for the pur- pose of a main sewer; and, whereas, it is a part of the original plan for a system of sewers in the city of ann arbor to have a main sewer in the fifth ward; now, therefore, the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . whenever the common council shall deem it expedient to order the construction of a san- itary sewer on broadway and wall streets, and pro- ceedings shall be had as provided in "an ordinance relative to sewers, providing for a system of lateral and connecting sewers in the city of ann arbor," the common council may appropriate for the construc- tion of said sanitary sewer such of the cost thereof as the common council shall deem it just for the city to pay in addition to the cost of the street crossings, and may make such appropriation by suitable resolu- tion. sec. . the proceedings relative to the construc- tion of such sanitary sewer shall be in accordance with an ordinance entitled, "an ordinance relative to sewers, providing for the construction of a sys- tem of lateral and connecting sewers in the city of ann arbor, passed may , , approved may , ordinances of the : amended january , ; amended august . ; amended march , ; amended march . jk) , in all respects except as herein otherwise ex- pressed and provided. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after legal publication. pavements. an ordinance relative to street pavements. < passed july , : approved july , ; amended december . : amended december , ; amended august , ; amended august , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section .* whenever the common council shall be applied to in writing, signed by the parties owning a majority of the footfrontage of the real estate on the line of such street or alley or part thereof pro- posed to be paved, and which may be subject to as- sessment, for such pavement, to grade and pave any street or alley or part thereof, said common council may by resolution order that said street or alley, or part of a street or alley, within specified limits, and included in said application, shall be graded and paved, and shall thereupon refer the matter to the board of public works. sec. f. upon the reference to said board of pub- lic works of any such resolution^ said board, with all convenient dispatch, shall determine as to the partic- ular kind of material to be used for the proposed im- provement and shall estimate in detail the quantity of materials, the probable cost and expense of such work and of the materials^which estimate shall dis- close in a separate item the probable cost of such im- provement within the lines of the intersection of all * as amended august s» ° - f as amended decerrber , . ordinances of the it shall by resolution declare that for the purpose of assessment to defray the expense of such improve- ment, the taxable lands and parcels of real estate which in the opinion of the common council are ben- efited by such improvement, specifying the same, and fixing the boundaries thereof, shall constitute a spec- ial assessment district. sec. .* after such determination the city clerk shall forthwith certify such resolution so fixing the boundaries of such assessment district, with the esti- mated cost of such improvement, exclusive of that por- tion of said improvement within the lines of the inter- sections of the cross streets and alleys, or such por- tions of said estimated cost less than the whole there- of as the common council may have determined should be assessed upon the owners of the taxable real estate benefited by such improvement, to the assessor of said city, who shall, without delay, proceed to make a special assessment roll, in which he shall set down all the lands and tenements situated in said special assessment district, liable to taxation, under the proper descriptions, and with the names of the own- ers or occupants, also the true cash value of the same, and shall be assessed to the owners or occupants of each and against each parcel of land so liable to tax- ation, such a sum of money as shall in his opinion equal the benefit to such parcel from such improve- ment. sec. t. after the certification of any such as- sessment district as provided in section of this or- dinance, the common council may, at any regular meeting thereof, by a resolution adopted by a major- ity of all the members elect, authorize the mayor and city clerk to execute under their hands and the seal of the city of ann arbor, bonds of the said city pay- * as amended december , . t as amended august , . city of ann arbor tax or assessment thereon, or to reduce the same, and fully and fairly to equalize the taxes and assessments spread thereon, according to the benefits coming to each parcel of the same by such public improvements. sec. .* that after the common council sitting as such board of review shall have completed the review of any such special assessment roll, they shall so de- clare by resolution, whereupon at the next meeting of the common council the city clerk shall report the proceedings of the said board of review to the com- mon council, when the question shall be "shall the special assessment roll be confirmed?" which shall be determined in the affirmative only by a majority vote of all the aldermen elect. whenever any such special assessment roll shall have been thus coiifirmed by the common council, it shall be final and conclusive, and shall from the date of such confirmation be.and continue a lien upon the respective lots, or parcels of land assessed and set down therein, and shall be a charge against the per- son or persons to whom assesed until paid. sec. .* after the confirmation of an}- such spe- cial assessment roll, it shall be the duty of the city clerk to certify the said assessment roll, together with the resolution of confirmation to the city assessor, who shall forthwith attach thereto his warrant direct- ed to the city treasurer commanding him to collect from all, each and every of the persons assessed in said special assessment roll, the sum of money as- sessed to and set opposite his name therein. the said taxes or assessment shall become payable and due in four equal annual installments; the first installment in the month of july next after any such assessment roll shall have been confirmed along with the city taxes and annually thereafter until fully paid. all of the said taxes or assessments shall draw interest' * as amended december , . » ordinances of the annually from the date of the confirmation of any such assessment roll, at the rate of five per cent. per annum until paid. any such person against whom auy such tax or assessment shall have been assessed shall have leave and be at liberty to pay the same or any installment thereof at any one payment at any time after such assessment roll shall have been certi- fied to the city treasurer, with interest from the date of confirmation only :provided, that at any time after a special assessment has become payable, the same may be collected by suit in the name of the city, against the person assessed, in an action of assumpsit, in any court having jurisdiction of the amount. in every such action, a declaration upon the com- mon counts for money paid shall be sufficient. the special assessment roll and a certified order or reso- lution confirming the same shall be "prima facie" evidence of the regularity of all the proceedings in making the assessment, and the right of the city to recover judgment therefor. sec. .* on the third monday in june in each and every year in which any such paving tax or as- sessment shall remain unpaid, and be due and pay- able the city treasurer shall report to the city clerk all unpaid and payable pavement taxes or assess- ments, who shall report the same to the common coun- cil at its next regular meeting, and the common coun- cil shall on the fourth monday in june in each year certify to the city assessor along with the taxes to be assessed for city purposes, all due and unpaid pave- ment taxes, or assessments; and the city assessor shall thereupon spread upon the general city tax roll of that year all such paving taxes or assessments so re- maining due and unpaid: provided, that all such pavement taxes or assessments shall be carried out, and entered in a separate column on such general tax * as amended december i , . city of ann arbor roll with interest thereon as aforesaid, the tax in one column and the interest thereon in another column which shall be entitled respectively "pavement tax" and "interest on paving taxes." and the sum or sums of money so set down and spread upon any such general city tax roll shall be, remain and continue a valid debt, demand and tax against the person, and a valid debt, demand and tax on and against the land so assessed as aforesaid, until fully paid; and shall be certified to the city treasurer and collected in the same manner as the other taxes set down and spread upon such general tax roll. sec. .* whenever the common council shall de- termine that a street or alley shall be paved in the city of ann arbor, it shall be the duty of the board of .public works to serve or cause to be served a writ- ten or partly written and partly printed notice upon each and every one of the owners, occupants or agents of the property along the line of such street or alley where such pavements are proposed to be laid, re- quiring him, her or them, within thirty days from the date of such notice, to make connections with the main water and gas pipes and sewers that may be laid in said streets or alleys, except where such con- nections have already been made. sec. f. if along the line of said street or alley there is any vacant or unoccupied lot, lots or prem- ises, and the owner, owners, agent or agents thereof cannot be conveniently found, the said board of pub- lic works shall post such notice upon said lot, lots or premises. sec. .* in case of default or negligence on the part of any owner, occupant or agent to connect with the service pipe and sewers as aforesaid, or in case the notice posted on any vacant or unoccupied lot, * as amended december , . f as amended august , . q ordinances of the lots or premises, shall fail to come to the notice of the owner, owners, agent or agents thereof, and such notice has expired, or if such owner, owners, agent or agents shall not within thirty days make such con- nections, the city shall then cause such connections to be made, and the expense thereof shall be assessed upon the property for the benefit for which connec- tion was made, and such assessment shall be a lien upon the said property until paid, and such lien shall have the same force and effect as is provided in case of other special assessments. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after legal publication. parks. an ordinance relative to parks, boulevards and lawn extensions within the city of ann arbor, michigan. (passed october , ; approved october , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . no swine, goat, cattle or other ani- mals excepting horses, shall be permitted on the road- ways. sec. . no sleighs or sled shall be drawn on the roadways without sufficient number of bells attached to give warning of its approach. sec. . no fast driving or speeding permitted, ex- cept upon places set apart for the purpose. sec. . no placard, notice or advertisement of any kind or nature shall be distributed, posted or at- tached to anything movable or immovable on park or boulevard property. city of ann abbor sec. . no driveway connecting the boulevard with any premise shall be constructed except by spec- ial permit of the board. sec. . no bicycle, wheelbarrow, handcart or oth- er vehicle or any horse or other animal shall be per- mitted on the foot-walks, sidewalks, grass plats^ or planting places. sec. . no sport or exercise shall be indulged in that is liable to frighten horses, injure travelers or embarrass the passage of vehicles. sec. . no gambling shall be permitted. sec. . no booth, tent, stall or other structure shall be erected for any purpose, and no hawking or peddling shall be done or article or thing exposed for sale except by permission of the board of park com- missioners. sec. . picnics may be held in such parts of the parks as shall be designated for that purpose, sub- ject to such regulations as may be made by the board, but no refreshments of any kind shall be permitted to be sold or offered for sale in connection therewith; and no person shall join any picnics without the con- sent of the persons of whom it shall be composed, or shall in any manner disturb or interfere with the same. ! sec. . no indecent exposure of person, disor- derly conduct, noise, riot or breach of the peace, nor the use of obscene language will be permitted. sec. . no person shall solicit passengers for hire excepting upon special permit of the board. sec. . no person shall enter any building, en- closure or space upon which the words "no admit- tance" or similar sign is posted. sec. . no person shall stand, walk, ride or lie upon any place laid out and appropriated'for shrub- ordinances of the bery or grass when there shall have been placed there- on a sign forbidding the same. sec. . . no person wearing spiked or cleated shoes shall stand or walk upon any lawn or lawn ex- tension in any public street. sec. . no person shall fire or discharge any gun or pistol; carry fire-arms, kindle or build fires or throw stones or other missiles. sec. . no person shall fire, discharge or set off any rocket, cracker, torpedo, squib or other fireworks or things containing any substance of an explosive character without written permission from the board of park commissioners. sec. . no dead carcass, ordure, filth, dirt, stone, wood, ashes, garbage, matter, substance or rubbish of any kind shall be placed or deposited in any public park or space. sec. . no animal shall be tied to any tree, shrub, building or other park fixture in any public park, space or lawn extension, except as provided therefor. sec. . no tree, shrub, or plant shall be plucked, broken, trampled or climbed upon, peeled, cut, de- faced, removed, destroyed or injured in any manner. sec. . no fence, bridge, building or other struc- ture or property of any kind shall be defaced, cut, written upon, removed or in any manner injured or destroyed. sec. . no person shall dig, remove or carry away any sward, sand, earth or material of any kind. sec. . intoxicated persons not permitted on park property. sec. . no person shall molest or in any man- ner disturb or annoy the fish or other animals which may be placed in any fountain, pool or basin in any public park or space. city of ann arbor sec. . the driveways of the parks known as "cedar bend park" and "the glen" or "cedar bend ave." are hereby set aside for the exclusive use of horses and light carriages. sec. . no person or persons shall drive or pro- pel any automobile or any other motor vehicle on the driveways of the parks known as "cedar bend park" and "the glen," or "cedar bend ave." sec. . the person or persons in charge of the public parks or spaces shall have and possess the powers of policemen, and it is hereby made the duty of such person or persons to observe that the provis- ions of this ordinance are strictly complied with, and to make complaint to the justice court for any viola- tion of its provisions. sec. . any person violating any of the provis- ions of this ordinance shall be punished by a fine not exceeding fifty dollars for each offense, and on impos- ing such fine, the court may make a further sentence that in default of the payment of such fine, the of- fender may be imprisoned in the common jail for the county of washtenaw until the payment thereof, for any period not exceeding thirty days. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication. city of ann arbor (the word "rooms" in this section shall not be construed to include alcoves, bath-rooms, cellars, fur- nace rooms, fuel-room, halls, laundry-rooms, store- rooms or pantry.) for each regular boarder . for one bath tub . for each additional bath tub . for one water closet (self closing) and wash bowl with faucet . for each additional water closet (self closing) . for hydraulic pump, operated by city water, the ann arbor water company may charge schedule rates, herein fixed, for the fixtures served by such pump. for hydrant in yard, where no domestic rates are paid and water is used for domestic purposes, three dollars in addition to the rates hereinafter fixed for lawn sprinkling. sec. . any water consumer may place a meter in his premises for measuring water used for any pur- pose, subject to the inspection of the water company, or an officer- designated by the mayor of the city for that purpose; such meter to be kept in good condi- tion and repair at the expense of the owner or user, and the water company shall not be required to fur- nish water through a defective or imperfect meter, but in case of the refusal or neglect of any water con- sumer to keep his meter in repair, may charge for its service, the schedule rates herein provided. meter rates, for water measured by meter, the wtater com- pany may charge and collect the following maximum rates: for a daily consumption of less than , gal- lons, c per , gallons. for a daily consumption of , to , gallons, c per , gallons. ordinances of the for a daily consumption of over , gallons (provided that the minimum charge for water meas- ured by meter shall be $ . per annum) c per , gallons. sec. . for sprinkling purposes the ann arbor water company may charge the sum of four dollars per annum. the sprinkling season shall extend from april st to october st of each year, and all persons paying sprinkling rates shall be entitled to the use of one stream of water through a three-sixteenth inch noz- zle, or other fixtures discharging an equal quantity of water, under the pressure called for by the con- tract with the city, four hours each day during the sprinkling season; such hours to be determined by the ann arbor water company, but no such hours shall be fixed earlier than six o'clock a. m., or later than eight o'clock p. m. no sprinkling shall be done during a fire alarm. sec. . building rates: for stone work, per each - cu. ft c for brick work, per m c • for plastering, per yards c for grouting, cu. ft c for cement walk, in. deep, sq. f t c for cement cellar bottom, in. deep, sq. ft. c rates for service not named in this ordinance are subject to agreement, but without discrimination for similar service rendered between the ann arbor wat- er company and the applicant for such service. sec. . the water company may collect all schedule rates quarterly in advance on the first day of january, april, july and october, and may turn off the water from any premises for non-payment of rates herein specified. for water measured by meter, the water company may collect monthly. sec. . water consumers vacating premises must city of ann arbor notify the water company at its office, that water may be turned off, and may be held responsible for water rates until such notice. when there is a change of residence the water consumer may have the over- payment refunded. for turning on or turning off water from any premises, the water company may charge a fee of c, but no person shall turn the water on any premises until application for service is filed at the office of the water company, and opportunity is given the compauy to inspect the fixtures upon the premises. sec . it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to use or permit use of water for other pur- poses than those for which water rates are paid. sec. . the inspector or other authorized agent of the water company, or an officer designated by the mayor of the city for that purpose, shall have access, at all reasonable hours, to premises upon which water furnished by the company is used, for the inspection of all pipes, meters, fixtures, and con- nections for furnishing water to such premises. sec. . no person or persons other than the chief of the fire department, or persons specially author- ized by the chief of the fire department, or the wat- er company, shall open any of the fire hydrants, or in any manner injure or molest any of the said hy- drants. sec. . the ann arbor water company may make rules for the regulation of its service not incon- sistent with the provisions of this ordinance, or other regulations made by the common council; provided, that no such rule shall be made or enforced by the company, except in case of extended conflagration, restricting the free use of water for domestic pur- poses, but only to prevent needless and wanton waste. sec. . any person or persons violating the pro- ordinances of the visions of this ordinance, and any agent or employee of the ann arbor water company collecting or re- ceiving greater sums for supplying the inhabitants (»f the city of ann arbor with water for domestic use than the sums herein specified, or unjustly discrim- inating between the same in the charges made or ser- vices rendered, shall be deemed guilty of a misde- meanor, and upon conviction thereof, shall be fined in a sum not exceeding twenty-five dollars and the costs of prosecution of each offense. in imposing such fine, the court shall have power and authority to com- mit the offender to the county jail until the fine is paid, or for a period not exceeding thirty days. sec. . the ordinance entitled: "an ordinance to determine, define and fix the rates to be charged the inhabitants of the city of ann arbor by the ann arbor water company, for domestic purposes, and to repeal an ordinance entitled 'an ordinance to determine, define and fix the rates to be charged the inhabitants of the city of ann arbor for water for domestic and other uses, by the ann arbor wrater company, passed december , , and ap- proved december , ,' "—passed march , , and approved march , ,—is hereby repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect on and after july , . an ordinance to provide a tribunal for hearing, inves- tigating, reporting and advising upon, complaints relative to the water service and supply to the city and its inhabitants. (passed march , ; approved march , .) whereas, the common council may prescribe such just and reasonable terms, restrictions and limita- tions in reference to charging and collecting compen- sation for the supply of water to the city and its in- city of ann arbor habitants, as it may deem proper, and protect the same from the imposition of undue or excessive charges; and whereas, in order that the common council may act intelligently in the matter, and with fairness to all, it is desirable to create a tribunal to hear all com- plaints relating to the service and supply of water to the city and its inhabitants, therefore, the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: that there is hereby created a board of complaint to be composed of three freeholding electors of the city, to be appointed by the mayor on the first mon- day in may of each year, and to hold their offices from the second monday in may and until their suc- cessors are appointed and qualified. such board shall have power to hear, investigate, report upon and advise the council upon every complaint relative to the water supply and service to the city and its in- habitants, whether made by individuals or by the ann arbor water company, and whether by or against said company. such complaint shall be made in writing, and after reasonable notice shall be given to the party against whom the complaint is made, specifying the cause of the complaint and the time when the matter complained of occurred, a public hearing shall be had if desired by either party. the said board may require affidavits or other evidence, and are authorized to make investigations in such way as they deem best, subject to an opportunity to be heard by the party charged with the failure or non- performance of duty or other improper conduct. such board may hold meetings at such times as they may find necessary, in such places as may be assigned to them by the city clerk. they shall report in writing at least once a month to the common council, setting forth the number and nature of complaints made be- o ordinances of the fore them, their conclusions in the matter, with their reasons therefor, and such recommendations for ac- tion by the council as they may deem proper. one of their number to be selected by themselves shall act as chairman, and another likewise chosen shall act as their secretary, and a majority shall constitute a quorum to do business. the secretary shall keep a record of their proceedings, to be signed by the chairman, and these records shall l»e deposited in the office of the city clerk, to be kept on file therein, and shall be public records of the city. this ordinance shall take effect and be in force from and after its legal publication. an ordinance to require certain reports to be made by the ann arbor water company to the common council. (passed march , ; approved march . .) whereas the ann arbor water company has con- tracted and agreed to furnish the city and its inhabi- tants with water for domestic and other purposes, at reasonable rates, and whereat the common council of the city of ann arbor is authorized to prescribe such just and reason- able terms, restrictions and limitations upon the ann arbor water company, in reference to charges and compensation for the supply of water to the city and its inhabitants, as it may deem proper, and to protect the same from the imposition of undue or excessive rates or charges, and whereas certain information is necessary for the proper adjustment of rates and charges, therefore, the coindion council of the city of ann arbor or- it is hereby made the duty of the ann arbor dain: city of ann arbor water company, and the said company is hereby required, on or before the first day of february in each year, to make and file with the city clerk, under the oath of the president, secretary, treasurer, or manager of such company, an annual report in writ- ing, stating the following items for the preceding year ending dec. st, that is to say: . the total amount of money actually and in good faith invested in all property used in procuring, collecting, purifying and distributing water to the city and its inhabitants, on and up to the preceding dec. st. the actual amount of the foregoing sum in- vested, derived from the sale of bonds, from payments upon stock issued by the company, and from earnings derived from the operation of the company. . the total gross income from all sources for the year, specifying the amount received from the city, from the university of michigan, from commer- cial purposes, and from domestic services. . the total operating expenses for the year, in- cluding and specifying the amount paid for salaries, for fuel, for repairs, for taxes, for insurance; and other operating expenses. . the sums paid for renewals, extensions, inter- est and dividends. . the number of, and the amount received from, each of the following: barber shops, with one chair; additional chairs. bakeries, using bbl. of flour daily; each additional barrel used. banks. beer tubs. bath tubs, private family; additional tubs. billiard rooms, one table; ad- ditonal tables. breweries. butcher shops. blacksmiths, one fire; additional fires. builders' rates, perch of stone; , brick; plastering, , , and coats, cubic feet of grouting; square feet of cement walk, ", "; ordinances of the cement cellar and basement floors; cubic feet of con- crete; backfilling trendies. fountains. revolving lawn sprinklers. gas works. green houses. hotels. offices and private rooms. printing offices. churches. dwellings, -rooms; additional rooms, including those living over stores. boarding houses. fraternities. private stables. livery stables, horses up to ten; additional horses. cows. laundries. saloons. res- taurants. soda fountains. stores of all kinds. hydrants for stores. yard and lawn hydrants. steam boilers, horse power, and days. water closets, pri- vate family; additional closets. water closets, sa- loons and boarding houses. water closets, hotels. urinals, private; saloons and boarding houses. man- ufacturing establishments. work shops, persons or less; over persons. tap fees. quantity of water at the various or special meter rates, including that furnished to the university of michigan. other ser- vices for which charges are made. . the total number of gallons of water pumped, by months, for the year. this ordinance shall go into effect and be in opera- tion from and after its legal publication. weights and measures. an ordinance to provide for the appointment of a sealer of weights and measures and to prescribe his powers and duties. (passed february , ; approved february , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . the city clerk shall be the sealer of weights and measures for the city of ann arbor and as such sealer of weights and measures he shall city of ann arbor have the exclusive power to perform all the duties pertaining to this office and shall, during his term of office, try and prove all scales, beams, weights and measures used in the city of ann arbor for the pur- pose of buying and selling and such as shall be found to conform to the standards kept in his office he shall stamp with the word "approved," or the letter "m" and the year in which said inspection is made; and such as are found not to conform to the standards in his office, he shall stamp with the word "condemned" and the year in which such inspection is made. sec. . the said city clerk as such sealer of weights and measures shall be provided by the city of ann arbor with a book or books, to be kept in his office, in which he shall register, in alphabetical order, the name of each person whose weights, measures, scales, beams or other instruments, he has inspected; the number and size of the same, and what number of each was approved and condemned with the time of the inspection; and such book shall at all reason.- able times be open to the inspection and examination of the public. sec. . the said city clerk of said city of ann arbor, shall procure at the expense of said city, a complete set of weights, measures, scales and beams, in conformity with the standards kept by the clerk of the county of washtenaw, which shall be tried, proved, sealed and certified by the county clerk or the treasurer of the state, by the standards remain- ing in the office of said clerk or treasurer, and such weights, measures, scales and beams, so tried, sealed and certified, shall be delivered to and kept by such sealer of weights and measures as standards for said city of ann arbor; and said clerk shall also have a seal similar to the state seal to be kept by him as the said sealer of weights and measures for said city. city of ann arbor which is sold or offered for sale, or delivered, any sawed, or unsawed and split wood in any quantity, to the sealer of weights and measures when demand- ed by him, or his authorized assistants, for the pur- pose of having the same inspected. sec. . no person shall, within the city of ann arbor, use for buying or selling, any weights, meas- ures, scales, beams or other instruments, or for buy- ing, selling or delivering, sawed, or unsawed and split wood in any quantity any box, rack or measure, unless the same has been inspected and stamped "approved" or with the letter "m" by the sealer of weights and measures, as provided herein. and all boxes, racks and measures from which sawed, or sawed and split wood is sold, offered for sale or delivered shall be bound by an iron band running around the upper edge of said boxes or measures. provided, that this ordinance shall not apply to lumber scraps used for kindling purposes, and further, provided, that it shall be lawful for any one to deliver split wood and kind- ling to the value of one dollar ($ . ) without using the box or measure herein prescribed. sec. . no person shall sell or deliver any coal, hay or straw, either in bulk or bale, within the limits of the city of ann arbor, unless there shall be de- livered to the person in charge of the wagon or con- veyance used in delivering such coal, hay or straw, a written certificate, duly signed by the person selling the same, and showing the weight of the coal, hay or straw purported to be delivered, the weight of the wagon or conveyance used in such delivery, the total weight of the coal, hay or straw and conveyance, the date of weighing the same and the name of the pur- chaser. sec. . no person in charge of the wagon or conveyance used in delivering coal, hay or straw, to whom the certificate mentioned in the preceding sec- . ordinances of the tion has been delivered, shall neglect or refuse upon demand to exhibit such certificate to the sealer of weights and measures of said city, or to his assistant or to an}' person designated by him, or to the pur- chaser of the coal, hay or straw being delivered; and when said officer or the persons so designated or such purchaser shall demand that the weight shown by such certificate shall be verified, it shall be the duty of the person delivering such coal, hay or straw, to convey the same forthwith to some public scale in the city, or to any private scale in the city where the owner thereof shall consent to such use, and to per- mit the verifying of the weight shown and shall, after the delivery of such coal, hay or straw return forth- with with the wagon or conveyance used to the same scale and verify the weight of such wagon or con- veyance. sec. . it shall be the duty of the sealer of weights and measures to inspect or cause to be thor- oughly inspected and tested, the weight of coal, hay or straw sold or delivered as aforesaid within the city of ann arbor, and to take the necessary pro- ceedings and make the necessary complaints to en- force the provisions of this ordinance. sec. . the fees to be charged and collected for the services of the city clerk as such sealer of weights and measures, and which shall belong to him, shall be as follows: for inspecting and sealing scales of from three to ten tons capacity, each one dollar (£ . ) ; for inspecting and sealing dormant scales, each fifty cents; for inspecting and sealing iteam weighing one thousand pounds and upwards each thirty-five cents; for inspecting and sealing movable platform scales each thirty-five cents; for inspecting and sealing counter scales, each twenty <cnts; for inspecting and sealing wood racks, each twenty-five cents; for inspecting and sealing every ordinances of the such line and imprisonment in the discretion of the court before whom such conviction is had. sec. . all ordinances or parts of ordinances conflicting or inconsistent with the provisions of this ordinance, or any part hereof, are herehy repealed. sec. . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after ten days from legal publication paying over public money. an ordinance relative to the paying over of money received for the city by public officers. (passed january , ; approved january , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that all money collected or received for said city from fines, fees, penalties, or from other sources, by any officer thereof except justices of the peace, under the authority of any statute of the state of michigan or ordinance of said city, shall be paid by such officer into the city treasury, on or before the last day of the calendar month in which the said money was received or collected. the city treasurer shall issue a receipt in duplicate for any such money to the officer paying in the same, who shall file one of said receipts with the city clerk. sec. . it shall be the duty of all officers of this city entitled to receive money for said city under the authority of any statute of the state of michigan or any ordinance of this city, to file an itemized state- ment in the office of the city clerk upon the last day of each calendar month, of all money received by them for said city in and during said month: pro- vided, that nothing contained in this section shall be construed to apply to justices of the peace. city of ann abbob ' this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after legal publication. fence viewers. an ordinance to provide for the appointment of fence viewers. (passed august , .) be it ordained by the mayor, recorder and alder- men of the city of ann arbor: section . that it shall and may be lawful for the common council, annually, to appoint one fence viewer in each ward, who shall hold their offices until the first monday in june next after their appoint- ment, and until their successors shall be appointed and qualified, who shall, before entering upon the duties of their office, take the usual oath of office, and who shall severally have the same powers and be authorized to perform the same duties, and be entitled to the same compensation, and liable to the same pen- alties for neglect of duty, as fence viewers, under chapter , title , of the revised statutes of the state of michigan, passed and approved may , . revision of ordinances. an ordinance to repeal certain ordinances and parts of ordinances and to give effect to the revised ordinances of . (passed march , ; approved march , .) the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . the following ordinances and parts of ordinances are hereby repealed, with all ordinances ordinances of the amendatory to the same, the said ordinances being entitled as follows, to wit: "an ordinance relative to the fire department of the city of ann arbor," passed june , . "an ordinance relative to the prevention of fires," passed june , ; as amended by an ordinance entitled "an ordinance amendatory of sections seven and eight of ordinance number four," (relative to the prevention of fires), passed july , ; and as amended in sections and by ordinance entitled "an ordinance relative to the prevention of fires," passed april , . "an ordinance relative to sidewalks," passed june , . "an ordinance declaring the recorder of the city ex-officio city clerk," passed september , . "an ordinance relative to city wards," passed march , . "an ordinance relative to the assessment and col- lection of a poll tax and to streets," passed may , . "an ordinance relative to mad dogs," passed august , . "an ordinance relative to paying over money re- ceived for fines, etc.," passed june , . "an ordinance relative to breaches of the peace and disorderly conduct," passed august , ; as amended by an ordinance entitled "an ordinance amendatory of section of ordinance number , relative to breaches of the peace and disorderly con- duct," passed june , ; and as amended in sec- tion by an ordinance entitled "an ordinance relative to breaches of the peace and disorderly conduct," passed december , . "an ordinance relative to disorderly conduct, etc.," passed february , . "an ordinance to prohibit gaming within the city of ann arbor," passed may , . city of ann arbor "an ordinance relative to the election of a col- lector," passed march , . "an ordinance relative to pounds and to prevent cattle running at large," passed june , ; as amended in section by an ordinance entitled "an ordinance relative to pounds and to prevent cattle running at large," passed june , . "an ordinance to amend an ordinance relative to pounds and impounding cattle," passed june , . "an ordinance to provide for numbering the build- ings fronting on the streets and avenues in the city of ann arbor," passed july , . "an ordinance for the preservation of order and quiet in the city of ann arbor," passed september , s . "an ordinance for the establishment and regula- tion of a board of health of the city of ann arbor,'" passed november , . "an ordinance supplementary to ordinance num- ber , relative to the prevention of fires," passed no- vember , . "ordinance number ; of drays," passed may , . "an ordinance amendatory to ordinance number , relative to the prevention of fires," passed october , . "an ordinance relative to grading and paving streets, lanes and alleys," passed april , . "an ordinance to prevent the violation of the sab- bath," passed january , . "an ordinance to organize and regulate a police of the city of ann arbor," passed february , . "an ordinance to abate and remove nuisances and preserve health," passed march , ; as amended by an ordinance entitled "amendment to section of an ordinance entitled, 'an ordinance to abate nui- sances and preserve health'" (being chapter , re- vised ordinances of ), passed july , . oicmxances of the "an ordinance to preserve the statistics of the city of ann arbor in regard to the public health," passed february , . "an ordinance relative t:» allen's creek," passed june , . "an ordinance for the protection of bridges and streets," passed june , . "an ordinance for the protection of bridges and streets," passed december , . "an ordinance to give effect to the revised ordi- nances of ," passed february , . "an ordinance relative to billiard tables, saloons, etc.," passed january , . "an ordinance relative to public markets," passed september , . "an ordinance to repeal an ordinance relative to billiard tables, saloons, etc.," passed october , . "an ordinance regulating the use of the public streets, and other public places by persons known as bootblacks and newsboys, in plying their trade or business," passed january , . "an ordinance to preserve! public peace and good order," passed september , . "an ordinance relative to auctioneers," passed may , . "an' ordinance relative to hackney carriages and omnibuses," passed may , ; as amended in sec- tion by an ordinance entitled "ordinance relative to hacks, etc.," passed january , . "an ordinance to prohibit the obstruction of streets by railroad trains, railroad cars and locomo- tives," passed july , . "an ordinance relative to saloons," passed april , . "an ordinance relative to inflammable goods," passed march , . "an ordinance relative to the property of the tele- phone and telegraph construction company, of the city of ann arbor ann arbor thompson-huston electric light com- pany, of the edison electric light company, and of any telegraph company doing business in the city of ann arbor," passed september , . "an ordinance prohibiting the posting of certain bills, notices or advertisements," passed march , . "an ordinance relative to police force," passed june , , and approved june , . "an ordinance relative to fire limits and fires," passed december , , and approved december, ; as amended by an ordinance entitled "an ordi- nance to amend section of an ordinance relative to fire limits and fires," passed june , , and ap- proved june , . an ordinance relative to smokestacks and chim- neys, "ordinance no. ," passed december , . "an ordinance relative to porters, runners and drivers," passed january , , and approved jan- uary, ; as amended by an ordinance entitled "an ordinance to amend sections , and of an ordi- nance entitled 'an ordinance relative to porters, run- ners and drivers,' passed january , a. d. ," passed march , , and approved april , . "an ordinance relative to the use of streets, alleys and public places," passed february , , and ap- proved in february, ; as amended by an ordi- nance entitled "an ordinance to amend section of an ordinance entitled 'an ordinance relative to the use of streets, alleys and public places,' passed feb- ruary , a. d. ," passed march , , and ap- proved april , ; as amended by an ordinance passed october , , and approved october , , entitled "an ordinance relative to the use of sidewalks and to amend section of an ordinance relative to the use of streets, alleys and public places;" and as amended by an ordinance passed march , , and approved march , , entitled "an city of ann arbor "an ordinance relative to the establishment of grades for avenues, streets, lanes, alleys and side- walks," passed october , . sec. . the repeal of the ordinances enumerated in section of this ordinance shall not effect any act done or any right accrued or established, or any suit had or commenced for any purpose whatever before the time when such repeal shall take effect; nor shall any offense committed, or penalty or forfeiture in- curred under any ordinance hereby repealed, and be- fore such repeal takes effect, be affected by such re- peal; and all suits pending and all prosecutions for any offense committed or penalty incurred, may be proceeded with, or prosecuted to final judgment and execution as if such repeal had not taken place. sec. . the ordinances of this city in force upon the st day of march, a. d. , shall be printed in book or pamphlet form under the direction of the ordinance committee and said publication shall be known as the revised ordinances of . this ordinance shall take effect and be in force on and after march , a. d. . an ordinance providing for the revision and consolida- tion of the ordinances of the city of ann arbor. (passed may , ; approved may , .) whereas, it is deemed expedient that the ordi- nances of the city of ann arbor be revised, amended, changed and consolidated and all obsolete and inop- erative ordinances now encumbering the book of ordi- nances and the records of the city be formally re- pealed; now, therefore, the common council of the city of ann arbor or- dain: section . that the revision and consolidation ordinances of the of the ordinances prepared under the supervision of the city attorney and the ordinance committee be and hereby are declared and adopted as the ordinances of the city of ann arbor. sec. . all ordinances and parts of ordinances not included in said revision and consolidation, shall be, and the same hereby are repealed. sec. . all rights, actions, prosecutions, con- tracts, claims and rights of individuals, private, pub- lic and municipal corporation, which may have issued, commenced, made, risen or secured under any ordi- nances which may have been, is, or are repealed, changed, amended or modified by the said revision and consolidation of the ordinances of the city of ann arbor, shall continue and be in force to the same extent, and in the same manner, as if no change, re- peal, modification or amendment had taken place by the said revision and consolidation of the ordinances of the city of ann arbor. sec. . said revision and consolidation of the ordinances of the city, together with the compilation of the charter of the city of ann arbor, are hereby ordered to be printed in book form under the title, "amended charter and revised ordinances of the city of ann arbor, michigan, ." sec. . this ordinance shall take effect ten days after legal publication. index to charter ..... ............. ................ ..................... ioi ........................ ......... se....................... .................. ...... ................. ..................... .............. ... assessments-continued page sec. rolls for, assessor makes. certificate attached to.... columns divided how.... completed when ....... contain what ............... delivery and return of... ..... - equalization of by county. five per cent added how.. one for each ward .... special taxes ........ warrant attached to..... . - sidewalks for ...... ........ . vote, necessary to impose.... assessments-special alleys, opening, or improving..... amount of, how determined.. buildings, destroyed at fires.. cellars, drains, privies, etc. ..... collection of ..... g confirmation of ...... f districts for, how determined drains, private, building of.......... use of ............... gutters, on property benefited.... local improvements, on property benefited. manner of making of..... b pavements on streets or alleys.. review of, by council. ..... d-e rolls, certified to by city clerk... g confirmation of ............. f preparation of ........ b review of ......... d-e special taxes .......... warrant attached to... g sewers, general charter powers - special act relating to.. storm sewers, for....... streets, for improving... tax roll, when put on general. .... g warrant, for ....... g assessor assessment rolls, preparation of july............. preparation of december..... ....... ioi preparation of special. ..... preparation of street sprinkling rolls... h when to be made.... appropriations to be certified to......... for parks certified to..... d benefits, when to assess..... board of review, chairman of... to submit rolls to.......... certification of special rolls .... delivery of rolls to treasurer, when.. duties of ..... election of .............................. ........................ .............. ....... ................. .......................... ............. .......................... .......................... ................. ........................... ........... b ..... ... ... .. . . ......... ................ ..... ............................. index to charter sec. - g k assessor-continued page oath of ....... petit jurors, to make list of... poll, to make list for taxes ... powers of .......... salary of ......... sewers, duties in assessing..... term of ........... warrant force and effect of....... for general rolls ..... - for special rolls........ attorney, city advisor of board of public works.... of board of park commissioners... of city officers ..... of common council .......... appointment, by mayor ........... when made .......... attendance at council meetings.... contracts, to approve forms for.. duties and qualifications of....... fines, to be sued for when.... oath of office ..., removal of ..... salary of ..... term of ..... auctioneers regulation of by council. ........................ auctions ............... regulation of by council. ... m eetings.................. - $ mock ...... ....................... - page sec. ......... ballot boxes council to provide ballots candidates' names to be on... separate boxes, when to put in......... term, of office designated on, when.... votes to be given by, at elections.... to be put in proper box............ banks bond, required of..... certificate of cashier of.... depository, of city funds...... interest to be paid by.... treasurer, not responsible for money in.... barns regulation of by council. ....... bathing prohibition of in public. ........ beggars regulation of, by ordinance. ...... vagrants, are deemed as........ ........ index to charter board of park commissioners—cont page sec. clerk of k debts or liabilities, not to be created by n f donations or bequests to il f employees to be engaged by n g to fix compensation of n g engineer, at disposal of k estimates to be made to council by ii d exclusive control of parks, sbade trees, etc a over improvements and work n h president of b qualification of members of a receipts of, payable into city treasury n e removal of members of report of to council ] annual to council....- n j rules and regulations by superintendent of parks appointed by il g term of members of b of first members of c board of public works account of cost of each improvement additional duties imposed by council amount can expend, without council's consent.... appointment of members by mayor - - confirmation of by council made when attorney, city, legal advisor of bids, advertisement for bond furnished with reported to council city engineer, appointed by assistants of, approved by claims audited and certified to classification of work by clerk of - - contracts, authority to sue on made by i must be authorized by council members cannot be interested in old, carried out rights to be reserved in eligibility of members for elective office employees, appointment and compensation of discharge of general powers and duties of grades, changes in, recommended by improvements referred by council to estimated cost of reported marshal at service of oath of office of members of organization of i s plans and specifications prepared by plats of additions approved by proceedings to be recorded to be published index to charter •board of public works—continued page sec- qualifications of members of quorum of record of estimates to be kept regulations of - removal of members of repair of streets and sidewalks reports to council, annual itemized of work done by board on progress of work sidewalks, built or repaired by street commissioner, appointment of removal of superintendent of buildings, appointment supplies, etc., provided by council surveys, records, etc., to be delivered to term of office of members of vacancies, how filled work done by, when bids rejected when contractors fail board of registration books for, provided by council charter elections, session preceding compensation of q certified by clerk erasure of names made when , t rl ; r - - ° correction of mistakes in general elections, sessions preceding members of, who are first, in seventh ward in precincts notice of meeting of when unnecessary to print names in quorum in city board of in ward board of re-registration, when made sessions of board for rules and regulations governing vacancies filled by council board of review assessment rolls submitted to certificate attached to corrected by presumption of validity of • chairman and clerk of compensation of certified to by clerk members of notice of raise of personal valuation oaths administered by powers of public hearing by quorum of sessions of, time when held : - o - index to charter .... ..... sec. f - ........ ....... board of review-continued special assessments, council meets as...... council confirms action of....... notice of meeting of........ time, fixed for meeting of ....... boilers nuisance, when declared a...... regulations concerning .... bond approval of, by council. ........ bank, as city depository ........ ....... city officers prescribed by council. ... ......... - neglect to give vacates office same as township officers... filing of, with city clerk....... report of failure of..... with city treasurer...... new, required when........ treasurer's, for collecting taxes.. bonds of city authorization of legislature necessary............ of electors necessary......... ......... city hall, for construction of.............. .......nio-iii countersigned by city clerk...... ....... garbage crematory, for construction of........ - pavements, for construction of... ....... registered by city clerk.... sewers, for construction of... university hospital, in aid of... waterworks, purchase of....... - bonfires regulation of books and papers alteration of, or destruction punished.... delivery of to successors in office.. by city engineer. ..... deposited with city clerk.... inspection, open to, by mayor ...... open to, by any citizen...... boundaries city ...... wards ...................................... bowling alleys regulation and licensing of......... bridges construction of by board of public works...... control of, by council.... encumbering or fast driving over ........ new, opening of..... .......................... vacating, by council........... budget, annual appropriation's for, limit of ....... made when ..... .............. - for parks to be included. ................... when made by electors.... ............. .......... .............. ...... ...................... .................... - d index to charter budget, annual—continued page sec- certified to assessor by clerk city hall bonds due included in garbage crematory bonds due, included in paving bonds due included in waterworks bonds due included in buildings certificate that they are properly built dangerous, council's power over i destruction of, to check fires erection or purchase of by city - - fire limits, power to establish - - inspection of, by fire wardens while being built line of, provisions for nuisance when declared a numbering of park buildings, control over i . permits for erection of burial grounds (see cemeteries) burials prohibited when , regulation of butchers licensing of c certificates rage sec assessment rolls attached to assessor's on special rolls i c clerk's on special rolls i °g buildings erected in fire limits cashier of bank as to deposits '. election by council by inspectors of election ordinance, of passage of ° - of publication of challenge elector challenged to take oath chief of fire department appointment of assistance in fires, may be commanded buildings, may destroy at fire when inspection of q building permits, to issue certificate of proper construction of building g compensation of duties of exemption of from jury duty fees to be paid into treasury s investigation into causes of fires report of, to board of fire commissioners to city clerk to chief of police and prosecuting attorney... index to charter city clerk— continued page sec- warrants drawn on treasurer - - - - when to refuse to draw when void s city hall local act relating to no construction of city lockup imprisonment in °- °- vagrants sent to city treasurer (see treasurer) claims allowed by council - - - - - - audited by city clerk certified to under oath ° examined by finance committee filed with clerk . for buildings destroyed' itemized before presentation must be presented before suit reported to council warrants for payment of clerk (sec city clerk) clerk hire allowance- for clerk and treasurer clerks of election appointment bv whom duties of • oath and qualifications of paid how collection of taxes city taxes state, county and school taxes special taxes combustibles inspection of places where kept regulation of storage of commissioner of highways council are committees appointment of clerk of duties of standing president of council member of all common council appointments, made by appropriations, made how from overdrawn funds - how may provide for for parks n d index to charter sec. f a izog a - - - -t .............l. common council-continued page assessments local ........ confirm roll for ....................... determine districts for ........ ...... direct spreading on general rolls.. expense of health regulations .... proportion cost of .... attorney, city, legal advisor of to attend all meetings of .. ballot boxes, to provide ....... board of review, when meet as ............ proceedure as ....... bonding, action necessary for bonds, official, approval of .......... to require ................... when to require new.......... bridges, building or vacating ...... buildings, to buy, sell or erect .:... dangerous, to tear down . may own outside city limits. cemeteries, cared for by ........ established by ............. . - protected by ... ... regulations concerning ....... .. claims, audit ..... authority to settle all ... certified to by board of public works.. certified to by park commission ...... for witness fees ........ must be presented to, before suit.. provide funds for payment of ... reported by clerk clerk of council ...... may impose further duties on..... pro tem, when appointed ....... committees, aldermen appointed on ...... standing to be provided for ...... compensation for buildings destroyed ..... change that fixed by board of public works for firemen ....... for injuries to firemen...... confirmation of appointed city officers .... appointments of board of public works appointments of fire commissioners .. chief of fire department ............. city clerk to fill vacancy ............ deputy clerk .. members of board of health ........ members of board of public works. members of park commission. ............. treasurer's successor ........ ................... constables, may impose duties on.......... control over records, etc. ........... over park expenses ........ • depository for city funds, to designate ..... to approve sureties of .... to prescribe conditions of contract ........... ioi .... - ............ ............... index to charter sec. i .............. - . ........... ........ common council—continued page dry earth closets, may provide for duties, same as imposed on township boards...... elections, ballot boxes provided for ......... polling places designated ...... results of, determined ................. special, may order ... special, notice of ..... tie vote, how settled ........... special, to vote money ....... finances, control over ..... fire commissioners, consent to purchases by. funds, appropriations for prior to tax levy. established by ordinance ........ transfer of .......... garbage crematory, erection of ....... ..... general powers of ....... - include those of township boards highways, commissioners of .. investigations by ............ legislative authority vested in . liquor dealers, power to tax ..... members of ....... compel attendance of ...... expulsion of .. judge of qualifications of ... punished how .. meetings of, to be public ....... regular ..... special called .......... office hours for clerk ...... room for board of public works room for clerk .................... offices to create new ........ officials required to attend meetings .. ordinances may be enacted by ... collection of special taxes ... establishing fire limits ... establishing funds .... imposing further duties on board of works. may inflict penalties .......... passing over veto ......................... providing for parks ......... providing for paving ......... providing for sewers ....... providing for fire department providing for public health .... providing for report of diseases.... relating to cemeteries ... vote necessary on ..... what purposes may be enacted for . ...... pavement bonds issued by police force provided for. number designated by ...... pay fixed by ........ regulations ........... regulations beyond city limits special, authorized by . ....... - *********s e ............ ........... ........... - Ι i . . . . . - ...................... ta ....... - ........ от .... iii - .................. index to charter d ui . . .. .. ... . . . ... .. ....... h ............................... m ayot ................................ ............ er ...... . .. .. . ... . .. . . ................. common council-continued page sec. sidewalks, to repair or build ....... spread tax for ...... streets, power over .................... opening or vacating ... - sprinkling, to levy tax for ... storm sewers, to pass on ....... a supervision of property by ....... taxes, certify to assessor. special, how levied ... tax levy, action necessary to increase.. limit of ....... veto of mayor .... passing over veto ..... vote, necessary to pass resolution necessary to pass over veto.... .......... - - reconsidered at special meeting... transfer of funds.. ....... two-thirds required ......... - - - - water courses, changing ... - - compensation firemen .........: officers designated in charter appointed by council .... park employees ..., policemen ..... complaints violation of ordinances ... comptroller clerk is for city ......... .......... condemnation land for public use ....... constables election of ......... fees of marshal may act as when .. oath of office ......... obey orders of mayor, etc. powers of ......... removal of ......... ........ may serve process under ordinances.... serve warrants contingent fund fees paid into .... ......... interest paid into ........ contracts attorney to approve form of ....... board of public works make when. clerk signs ...... keeps ....... council authorizes ... lighting of streets ........ old, carried out by board ... .. ... .. ... ... ... ... ... . .. .. .. . ... . .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . ... . .. - ........... . ............................... ............. ................. .......... ............... § index to charter contracts— continued pagk sec- prosecution for breach of water, may be made for work under, suspended corporate name city's costs double allowed city officers log council (see common council) countersigns clerk, shall bonds, debts and transfers county taxes levied and collected crosswalks encumbering of powers of board of works relative to crying of goods ordinances may regulate culverts assessments for ° board of works has charge of curbstones assessments for ° i ° d damages page sec- buildings destroyed at fires sidewalks defective street openings debt contracted only after vote of electors deeds signed by clerk defaulter ineligible to office ° votes for void " vacates office delinquent taxes collected how " deputy clerk clerk appoints desertion wives and children detroit house of correction sentences to - - disorderly houses restrained by ordinance index to charter elections-comfiwiwd page sec general, powers of council concerning special, appointed how i conducted how l held when notice of i notice of contains what i electors challenged, proccedure when qualifications of registration of n- - - re-registration of residence of, how determined enacting clause ordinances to contain enactment ordinances deemed enacted when encroachment title against city not gained by encumbrances regulation of on streets engineer, city appointment of assistants appointed by confirmation of compensation of discharge of • duties of relating to parks k elegibility to hold office interest in contracts or purchases surveys, etc., belong to city engine houses care of construction of erasure of names charter elections at mistakes corrected, how registration books, on equalization of taxes supervisors make how execution fines, for ? judgment, on exhibition regulation of expenses city, reported by clerk - - prosecution under city ordinances , prosecution under state law explosives inspection of places where kept regulation of storage of index to charter sec. ................ ............................... ................... ............. ......... c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f fares page rates, regulation of ....... ...... fees · building permits ......... clerk for licenses ........ constables ....... justices ....... marshal, paid to city .... report to council on ....... poundmaster ................. treasurer for collecting taxes ..... for collecting special taxes paid to contingent fund fences removal of ..... in street openng cases. ..... field notes property of city ............ finance council supervision over ...... over ................... finance committee examine clerk's audit of bills.................... fines buildings not erected on established line...... defacing or mutilating records ... marshal collects member of council, misdemeanor of....... non-attendance at council meetings. ordinances, health, breach of ..... violation of ............ violation of, go into city treasury railroad employees ... report of, to city council ....... suit for ...... treasurer, all to be paid to ........ firearms regulation of .......... fire companies organization of ........... fire commissioners (see board of fire commissioners) fire department (see board of fire commissioners) fire engines chief of fire department in charge of ............. right of way, have .... rules for care of ........ fire limits ....... establishment of ............................... - - . . . . . . . . .... .... ...... .................... buildings in ..................................... index to charter geese page sec- fees for impounding impounding of running at large.. grades change in, made by council recommended by board of works - control over by council established for streets and sidewalks at street crossings railroads, designation of by council grading assessing expense of gunpowder (see explosives) selling and using gutters construction of • • local assessment for l ° h hacks . page sec licensing of regulation of .' i hay regulation of sale of health officer (see board of health) appointment of by mayor compensation of ° duties of jfr in removal of sick fumigating done by ° qualifications of ° '•" 'h>i hides regulations regarding putrid highways control over by council . . powers of council concerning of board of public works ' hog pens j abatement of - . horses; driving, immoderate, prevention of racing, regulation of , , running at large, control over ; hose cutting or driving over . hospitals erection of - ii -i - maintenance of university, bonds for aid of . index to charter sec hotels page licensing of ....... sewers, to connect with .. houses gaming, regulation of ill-fame, regulation of ... sewers, to connect with ... huron river cleansing of ........................... salubrity of waters of ........................... ... sec. - orks ............. ice page sidewalks to be kept clear of........ immorality regulations to prevent ......... imprisonment ordinances, may prescribe may direct it where .......... expense of, paid by city ..., waived when ... state law, expenses paid by county .. improvements bids to be asked for ...... charge of board of public works. cost of to be estimated .... contracts for, carried out ...... plans for, approved by council ... referred to board of public works incorporation city with its boundaries ........ ......... indebtedness of city authorized by electors, must be ....... indecent exposure power to punish for ........ .......... infectious diseases board of health's power over ................... reports of ..................................... - infected property prohibition of its being brought in city.......... injuries firemen compensated for .......... .................... inspection animals, power to provide for ....... buildings in fire limits ......... inspectors of election chairman of, supervisor to be .... clerks to be appointed by ......... compensation of ............ how paid .......... .. ..... . - - t so index to charter sec. ...... ..... ................................ o inspectors of election-continued page duties of, to canvas vote ..... .............. to conform to state law ......... to deposit ballots in box. to proclaim opening and closing of polls... to preserve order ...... members of board who constitute . first in seventh ward ...... notice of special elections to . oath administered by ....... of office ...... precincts, how appointed ... qualifications of .................. statements of votes cast, to make . vacancies, how filled ... insurance city property, clerk's duties interest bank, paid into contingent fund ....... installments of sewer tax on ... intoxicating liquors sale of ....... ............... investigations conduct of by council ...... subpoenas for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ô on ..................... da .. . .. . .. ... ... ..... .... sfc. - ... .... ... .. ... ... . .. jail page county, city may use ......... vagrants may be sent to ........... ................ judgment sidewalk damages, city may sue for ....... ....... judicial notice ordinances, taken of ....... .......... jurisdiction justices of the peace ..... ........ juror inhabitant of city not incompetent ........... list of, how made ...... jury buildings destroyed by fire .................. ordinance cases justices of the peace ann arbor township, to act when ..... appeals from convictions or judgments. in ordinance cases ..... commitment under ordinances ............ complaints under ordinances .. constables to obey orders of...... criminal process, served by marshal .. disorderly person, tried by ........ ....................... ...................... ............ - .. .. ... .. . index to charter lighting page sec city's power to contract for council may provide for streets and alleys °o railway crossings ™ lights regulations of use of i limits city liquors regulation of sale of - - of impure or adulterated ° lockup (see city lockup) low grounds drainage of s lumber yards location of m mandamus page sec- city clerk, when lies against markets location of regulation of owned, may be by city marshal absence or disability of arrests upon view - - appointment of ° assistance, may call on citizens for may call for at fires chief of police, acts as ° has direction of police complaints entered by... constables, to obey orders of council meetings, attends duties of fines, to be paid into city treasury by impounds animals when mayor has direction of consent of, necessary to leave city oath of office process served by may arrest without when . powers, has of constable no removal, or suspension of report of arrests to council.. of fines collected to council of chief of fire department to salary of term of warrants, served by index to charter mayor page sec- absence or disability of appointments by made when city clerk to fill vacancy . health officer inspectors of election in precincts marshal ° members of board of fire commissioners members of board of health members of board of park commissioners b members of board of public works new city treasurer when patrolmen - - temporary policemen - - vacancy board of public works vacancies in office approval of council proceedings of ordinances attorney, city, require legal duties of authenticates record book of ordinances calls special meetings of council conservator of the peace, is a constable, to obey orders of duties of by ordinance election of enforces ordinances and laws examines books and papers fires, consents to removal of buildings at malignant diseases reported to marshal, consents to leaving city designates acting subject to direction of messages to council oath of office removal of officers by - - sends reasons to council riot and disorder, to suppress salary of special assessment warrant signed by subpoenas for witnesses at investigations summons against city served on when term of office vacancy in office veto, of council proceedings of ordinances warrants, signs - - meat putrid, a nuisance regulation of sale of meetings council, regular special board of review electors to vote tax index to charter minors page sale of liquor to prohibited misdemeanor bringing infected property into city failure to deliver books to successor obstructing firemen mortgages custody of those belonging to city ° n newsboys page sec' licensing of newspapers indecent and obscene prohbited noise streets, on non-residents notice to for opening of streets, etc note city not to give unless electors authorize it notice appointment to office election to office elections first in seventh ward special i ' to vote bonds or taxes meeting of council, special opening of streets or alleys registration preceding charter electon preceding general election re-registration every eight years removal of buildings or fences - - review of special assessment roll i od sidewalks building or repairing tax roll open for inspection - - nuisances abatement of by board of health buildings, when they are putrid meat, hides, etc., deemed numbering houses, council's power relating to o oath page sec. administered by clerk by president or chairman by member of board of review electors, prescribed for at elections index to charter page sec. ordinances-continued style of .......... vagrants, relating to veto of, by mayor ........ passage over veto ... vote on, by yeas and nays .. required to pass ......... required to pass over veto work house, relating to ...... k ii ................. sec. i d f i a h e i j i rules for ....................................... parks page acquired by city ....... appropriation for ............ bequests for ........ board of park commissioners in charge of ...... control, board have exclusive over improvements council, over .. police, over ...... donations for ... expenses of ordinances relating to . reports on ... rules for .. park commissioners (see board of park commissioners) park fund establishment of ...... ............ patrolmen (see policemen) paupers sent into city ....... paving bonds for ...... streets ............... assessing expense of pay rolls certified by clerk ......... pawnbrokerage regulation and licensing of ........ peace ordinance to preserve peddlers regulation and licensing of ....... penalties failure to perform duty ..... neglect to turn over books to execute warrants ... ordinances prescribe ... paid into city treasury ....... weights and measures, using false .. ..................... ...... ................... ..................... index to charter public grounds page sec- control of by council power of council over (see parks) publication board of public works proceedings council, proceedings of election notices order to tear down buildings : ordinances s treasurer's report public health (see board of public health) pumps establishment of public purchases materials, etc., by clerk q qualifications page sec electors '• inspectors of election • • • t officers - . quorum board of registration, city in wards board of review board of public works ' council r racing page sec- prevented in streets railroads flagmen may be required lights may be required at crossings regulation of by council of speed of trains of stations reports infectious diseases x° routes and grades determined '." . street crossing grades fixed real estate • . acquired by city control of held, purchased or conveyed i sale, vote necessary for taxation of recognizance appeals to the circuit court not necessary city to give index to charter records page iec- board of public works, of certified copies of clerk to keep to be deposited with council proceedings, of evidence of injury to punished open to inspection ordinances of s registration books for, council to provide ii when former books invalid charter elections, preceding erasure of names - - first in seventh ward general elections preceding hours for - manner of making new, when ^ notice of re-registration " precincts in rules governing n special elections preceding (see board of registration) removal constables, of justices of the peace, of liability, does not exonerate from marshal and patrolmen officers, of, appointive of, appointed by council of, elective not filing new bonds treasurer of vacates, from city or ward rendering works # regulation of ' repairs city property to control of board of public works sidewalks i repeal acts concerning city reservoirs construction of - - public residence electors, of resignation officers, of does not exonerate index to charter resources reported to council shown on clerk's books restaurants regulation and license of .... right of way condemnation of firemen have obstruction of, penalty for . . riots duties of police in of marshal in mayor in prevention and quelling of .. rules and regulations board of public works, of ... council, of fire department, of police, of s sabbath violation of salaries appointees of board of public works board of health, of firemen health officer officers of city saloons district in which prohibited licensing of taxation or regulation of scavengers regulation of school district no. i charter does not alter special act... school taxes, collection of how paid over to school treasurer treasurer may not use seal city, may have and alter corporate, city clerk to keep sealer of weights and measures city clerk to be duties prescribed by council index to charter sewers page sec- act of legislature authorizing assessment for expense defrayed by special local, for - - construction of, under special act - council's power board of public works to direct drains, private connected with charges for connecting with private property taken for regulation and protection of sextons regulations relating to shade trees control over by council board of park commissioners has exclusive.. a trimming and care of n h sheriff custody of shops location of sidewalks assessment expense of building or repairing local for construction or repair of failure to damages for defective encumbering of, to prevent grade to be established by council obstructions removed snow, to be kept clean of ~ - supervision of skins prohibiting keeping of putrid slaughter houses location of - regulation of snow removal of from sidewalk ~ - soap factories regulation of specifications property of city special meetings council called speed railroad trains, regulation of sports regulation of index to charter sec. · ............. .. d i ....................................... og h .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . ..................... - - - ....................... ioi ......................... .................... ' ..................... b taxes—continued page manner of levying and collecting ....... meetings to vote ............ on garbage crematory ..... ordered by council by two-thirds vote....... parks for .... paving for ...................... on petition of property owners .. power to assess and levy ...... sewers for .. sidewalks for ................... special ......... special assessment districts sprinkling streets ........... ........ voted by people ......... limit of ......... warrant for collection of tax rolls delivered to treasurer .... notice of, to people ..... ..................... - returned to assessor when sewers for ........ sidewalk taxes placed on ... special, how made ..... special assessments for ...... term of office officers appointive ........... elective .................................... theatrical exhibitions regulation of three-fourths vote necessary when ..... tie vote election decided how ...... title streets, lanes and alleys, to ...... adverse cannot be acquired against city....... transient traders defined ...... regulation of ........... treasurer, city accounts, kept how appointment of ... when made authority for paying out money ... bank, deposits funds in .... interest to be credited to ...... not responsible for deposits in ..... bond of ..... ................ filed with clerk ........ ..................... new, when required .... of clerk filed with . ......... .............. ............... ......... ........................ io index to charter watchmen page sec- night, appointment of i ~ powers and duties of railroad crossings at water waste of water courses changing of water pipes laying of waterworks built, may be purchased, may be regulation of weights and measures clerk is sealer of regulation of wells and reservoirs constructed by fire commissioners regulation and establishment of wine prohibition of adulterated witnesses investigations by common council ° subpoena of, for city wood location of as to fires regulations for vending sidewalks to be kept clear of work houses erection of y yeas and nays page sec board of public works, when required council, when required h index to ordinances ashes pag* parks not to be deposited in sidewalks not to be put on icy storage of, regulated streets, from bonfires to be removed from assessments (see special assessments.) assessor, city curb and gutter, to make special roll to certify roll to treasurer to mark paid copy of roll when to place unpaid tax on general roll lateral sewers, assessment roll, to make certify roll to council certify roll to treasurer district and cost certified to mark copy of roll with treasurer spread tax on special roll spread unpaid tax on general roll value land for how pavements, assessment roll to make assess benefits against property certify roll to council district and cost certified to spread unpaid tax on general roll warrant to treasurer sidewalk assessment to put on general roll removal snow or ice from to put on general roll street sprinkling district and expense certified to certificate from clerk certificate of duplicate rolls to treasurer duplicate rolls with charges to make expense, subsequent, certified to special roll for, to make spread unpaid tax on general rolls warrant attached to special rolls assistance chief of fire department may command police may command punishment for not giving at fires for not giving police attorney, city bond for excavations in street to approve form of for moving buildings, to approve form of for occupying street, to approve form of contracts, provisions to insert in all.. auctioneers bond for license for automobiles parks not allowed in awnings merchants permitted removal of from sidewalks wooden prohibited i index to ordinances b baby carriages page sidewalks, permitted on baggage amount carried by hacks with passenger on street cars hackmen may enter depot for balcony sidewalks, over regulated banana peelings throwing on walks, etc., forbidden • ° barn clean and disinfected to be kept... manure not to be allowed to accumulate - barrels removal of during night when disorderly from sidewalks ii base ball playing on streets or alleys forbidden i trespass in witnessing games of • bathing prohibited in public waters bedding ordered destroyed when beef offensive, prohibited °° beggars vagrants, deemed benzine (see gasoline). benzole (see gasoline). bicycles parks, regulation of in '. sidewalks, riding on prohibited bids garbage collection, for pavements, construction of sewers, construction of street sprinkling, for bills posting scattered on streets billboards defacing of regulation of roof or walls not to be placed on index to ordinances billiard halls pace hours of license for bill posters badge to be worn by definition of doorbells not to rung by ' ordinance regulating license, application for bond for fee for issued obscene pictures not to post birds ordinance for protection of boarding house keeper to post placard for contagious disease to report contagious disease quarantined by order of board of health - board of complaint (see water tribunal) board of fire commissioners buildings, may order changes in chimneys, may require alterations in gunpowder, to approve storage place of 'inspection of buildings, duty of new buildings, of locate tanks for storage of oils , permit, application for building in fire limits frame buildings in certain districts removal of buildings in fire limits repair of wooden buildings in fire limits veneered buildings in fire limits removal of wires or poles to order repairs to boilers, to order properly made to give certificate of reports, to make to council fire chief to make to board of health contagious diseases, disinfection after disinfection of hacks for disinfection of hacks, certificate given disinfection, manner of prescribed destroying wearing apparel and bedding inspection after notice of arrival of patient placards, to provide for placards, to order posted quarantine on account of - report by railroad of arrival of patient report of violation of regulations to disobedience to reasonable directions of index to ordinances board of health—continued page garbage collection under supervision of duty to enforce ordinance give permission for collection of receptacles, to approve of rules and regulations for, to make - milk inspection, assistants for books and apparatus for, to furnish may order , rules and regulations for, to make nuisances, abatement of nauseous smells complaints requested to be made by marshal to cooperate with what are - spitting on streets or in public places board of park commissioners buildings in parks, control over driveways in parks, permits for hawking and peddling, control over picnics, to make regulations for soliciting passengers, give permit for board of public works curbing and gutters, advertise for bids for bids referred to council contract for, to make expense of each, to keep expense of, to report to council increase height or width garbage contracts, advertise for bids for to let gas company, application to lay pipes supervision of in streets lateral sewers, advertise for bids for cause to be constructed contract for construction of control over flush tanks, to authorize opening or closing of inspect and maintain, to permit to connect with resolution ordering certified to rules and regulations for, to make specifications for construction, to make main sewer, to fix connection fees with moving buildings, permission for route fixed for pavements, estimates and plans, to submit to council advertise for bids for bids and recommendations reported to council estimates in detail for, to make matter referred to •. material, to determine plans and specifications, to prepare serve notice on abutting owners relative to pipes in streets permit to owner to do his own plumbing i index to ordinances board of public works—con tinned pace poles and wires, to remove notice of removal of given to sidewalks, contract for, to let construct walks in default of owner construction to be satisfactory to expense and description of, to keep ? filling or excavation for, to have charge of inspection of, to have charge of memoranda in book of notices served notices served, duplicates to be kept notice of construction or repair to give obstructions from, removal of plank, direct repair of snow or ice, to remove from specifications for certain, to prepare temporary repairs, to make immediately streets, danger in, police to report notice to remove obstructions permit to occupy for building permit to pile gravel, etc., in permit to raise materials by pulleys permit to take earth from permits for excavations in restoration of streets to their satisfaction , street sprinkling, advertise for bids for approve contract for certify expense subsequent contracts power to annul contracts relet contract each year telephone poles, supervision of home telephone co supervision of new state telephone co trees, permission to cut down board of review curb and gutters, certified to council when held and notice of lateral sewers, council's power as council to confirm review of notice of time fixed for pavements, meeting of power of relative to report to council sidewalks, council fixes date for , determination certified to council notice of meeting of street sprinkling, for notice of meeting of boilers inspection of repair of ordered •. bond auctioneer bill poster building, occupying street for removal of indkx to ordinances cows page condition unsanitary reported to clerk filthy, milk not to be sold from inspection of, consent of dairyman to for tuberculosis hindering, revokes license kept how ° overcrowded, milk not to be sold pure food and water to be given sick, milk not to be sold from sores or lung trouble disqualifies milker of . tuberculin test for ° water, to be supplied with " (see also animals) crosswalks animals or vehicles not to stand on builders to restore excavations, restored after movers of buildings not to stop on to restore street cars may not stop on crowds sidewalks on, not permitted crows killed in city, may be curbing restoration of by builder by excavater by movers of buildings curbing and gutters assessment of board of review on building contrary to ordinance, fined cost paid out of bridge, culvert and crosswalk fund expense referred to council hearing on petition heighth of materials used in ordinance relative to put on general tax roll, when . resolution for ordering construction survey and estimates when allowance made for old curbing curfew regulations d damages ,>age contractor liable to city for fires in streets, for , gas company to protect city from plumbers, from imperfect work of sidewalks, collected from owner , street railway to protect city from index to ordinances lic i s .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .................... ............. .................... .......... datum page levels in ann arbor ....... delivery wagons scattering goods in streets ................... depots conduct of hackmen at ....... stands for hacks at .... detention hospital patients taken to on arrival in city diphtheria (see contagious diseases) diseases (see contagious diseases) disinfection clothing, bedding, etc., of ...... hacks, of ....... certificate of ...... house of ........ nurses, of ........... physicians, of .......... undertakers of .......... disorderly conduct ordinance relative to ....... parks in ........ policemen, ground for dismissal .............. .... disorderly houses keeping of ...... ordinance relative to ..... owning or leasing of .... disorderly persons defined .. .......... - , ordinance relative to ......... display of goods sidewalks on. ......... distribution advertising packages, of .. dodgers (see hand bills) dogs barking, unlawful to keep ..... dangerous, killed on conviction of owner ..... unlawful to allow at large .......... female at large impounded ....... notice served on owner ............. redemption of ........ forest hill cemetery, not to be taken in... hydrophobia feared, proclamation ............. license for and fee ... ordinance relative to .... order to kill when person bitten ...... penalty for not killing .. registered at city clerk's office .. redemption of from pound ........ fees when divided .. running at large impounded slain when ........ tag, metallic, to be worn......... .................. .................................. ....................... .... ....... ......... .......... .......... index to ordinances door bells page bill posters not to ring drays bond for driver responsible for load scattered in street fine for over charges license for rates to be charged by sidewalks not to go on stands for, fixed by council streets, not to obstruct what deemed draymen badge to wear & conduct of ordinance regulating overcharges, penalty of rate card, to produce responsible for load i stands, to remain at , drinking fountain rental to pay for drivers (see draymen and hacks) driving fast, prohibited in parks ° forest hill cemetery, in ....' rate of speed for ° driveways parks in, constructed by permission park board exclusively for light carriages automobiles not permitted in dry earth closets sewer districts, in dwelling houses inspection of those using water numbering of water rates for dynamite prohibited in city e eavesdroppers ' page punished edison electric light co. franchise to encumbrances sidewalks, to be removed from notice of payment of expense of removal :. .. when board of works to remove streets, prohibited in index to ordinances engineer, city page curbing and gutters, directs curve for relative to width of t report to council on survey and estimates for lateral sewers, survey and estimates for numbering houses, work done under engines inspection of s entertainments license for erysipelas (see contagious diseases) estimate of cost curbing and gutters lateral sewers sidewalks i" paving excavations fence for open, near street line i red lights, when necessary i sidewalks, under i paid by city when streets, bond for i gas and water companies in permission for i *> exempt street sprinkling, public lands explosives lights used where stored ° manufacture of prohibited prohibited in city, what transportation of within city, how to keep f fairview cemetery page burial permits for foundation for monuments, etc lots, assessment for care of deed for payment to clerk for o perpetual care of price of management of l sexton of l fares hack or carriage for use of street cars in t , fees building permits, for inspection of steam boilers weights and measures " index to ordinances ....................... ...... fees-continued page license for billiard tables .. bill posters ..... circus .............. dog ......... entertainments hacks and drays milk dealers ..... peddlers ......... plumbers ......... saloons .......... transient traders .. marshal reports amount he collects poundmaster, of .......... sewers, connecting with ........ treasury, when paid into ... fence viewers appointed by council .. · powers and duties of .... .......... fighting deemed disorderly ... fines building curb and gutter contrary to ordinance, ...... collected for city, when paid in ....... failure of police to erect danger signals ....... of police to notify fire department .......... to connect with sewer .... to make repairs ordered by fire commissioners.. flush tanks, meddling with ...... injuring birds or squirrels ......... marshal reports amount collected ....... overcharges of draymen .......... resisting an officer .... .... violation of ordinance relative to advertising package bill posters ...... cemetery court yard lawn ....... disorderly houses disorderly persons .... dogs ........ expectorating fires ................ firearms .......... fireworks .......... garbage ..... getting on or off cars in motion ....... hacks and drays health ....... .................... house numbers ................... inflammable oils .. licenses ..... m ilk ............. nuisances parks ...... rabbits and chickens railroads y ................ uses ............. .............. ............ .................... .. ...... ................. . ..... ................... .................................... .. ............................... ................................. ....... index to ordinances hand carts page regulation of in narks hawkers license for hawking parks, not permitted in hawks killed in city, may be hay sale of, accompanied by certificate of weight penalty for short weight health officer assistants appointed for milk inspection compensation fixed by council subject to approval of board complaints made before justice milk inspection, consent of dairyman to extra supply of milk ° gives permission for extra supply investigation may revoke license must be satisfied with sanitary conditions report to clerk of milk inspector, is physicians report to record of inspection filed see also board of health. hides putrid, keeping a nuisance ° streets, not to be left in over an hour hitching posts regulations relative to . signs on i hogs garbage, sold as food for....... nuisance, keeping of in city limits r see also animals. hog pens prohibited in city limits ' horses forest hill cemetery, driving in hitching in streets, washing in see also animals. hose running over punished hospital (sec detention hospital) hotels contagious diseases, give notice of post placard for quarantined for - index to ordinances milk inspector—continued page duty, cause milk to be analyzed inspect all milk offered for sale °q inspect every dairy and herd health officer is inspection, to make when ordered ° samples to be given free tuberculin test, to apply when money public, itemized statement filed $ paid to treasurer § receipt in duplicate for ^ receipt filed with clerk § n names page streets, changed naptha (see gasoline) negligence contractor, to hold city harmless for excavations in streets, to protect city against fires in streets by mechanics moving buildings, to protect against sidewalks of owner of defective street railway of, city protected against telephone company of nests birds of, protected new state telephone co. franchise to night walkers punished night watchmen (see police) nitroglycerine manufacture of prohibited s (see dynamite) noise persons making deemed disorderly notice boilers, dangerous, of buildings, changes for fire protection contagious disease, marshal to board curb and gutter, board of review given by publication danger in streets, by police dog, female, impounded, to owner fairview cemetery, lot assessment investigation into character of saloon lateral sewers, review of assessment nuisances, by marshal pavements, owners to connect with street pipes when may be posted paving rolls, board of review of index to ordinances p parades page regulated by mayor parks animals in ° driveways constructed by permission ordinance relative to ° persons in charge have powers of police to complain of violations rules and regulations for °. patrolmen (see policemen) pavements bids for bonds issued for contract authorized by council and made estimates on, submitted to council funds to be kept separately order for by council ordinance relative to petition by property owners for plans and specifications for restoration of after excavations by gas company by movers of buildings when damaged by building materials special assessment (see special assessments) street railway, to construct on huron street pawnbrokers bond for license for peddlers license for peddling parks, not permitted in penalty special sprinkling tax, on unpaid permits buildings, erection or enlargement of frame, in fire limits removal of in fire limits repairing wooden veneered curbing and gutters, to construct to construct of greater height or width sewer, owner to make his own connection with signs, to erect cloth across streets storage of explosives or inflammables streets, making excavations in moving buildings in removing trees from using for building material index' to ordinances proclamation pag* mayor's relative to hydrophobia prostitutes house for resort of, disorderly public assemblies disturbance of ss publication board of review curb and gutter, notice of sidewalk, notice of proof of publication t street sprinkling, notice of iso public building spitting on floor or steps of public hall spitting on floor or steps of public health ordinance relative to relative to spitting ° public money payment of to treasurer ° public places obstructions, removal from u - puerperal fever (see contagious diseases) q quarantine page established by board of health quarreling persons inciting others, disorderly r rabbits page running at large railings removal of from sidewalks stairways on sidewalks, around railroads contagious diseases, report arrival of patient take patient to hospital employees may be fined explosives, when may have in city flagmen, to station on council's order lighting crossing on council's order rate of speed of ringing bell near crossings whistle not to be sounded rate of fare street railways on , index to ordinances rate of speed pagk six miles an hour ° council may permit faster on one street railroad trains of street cars, city line is on west huron st rates water, regulation of receipts city officers to file with clerk clerk issues for cleaning sidewalks treasurer to make in duplicate red lights moving buildings, placed for removal buildings in fire limits leaves from sidewalks snow and ice from sidewalks repairs buildings in fire limits for fire protection r penalty for not making promptly boilers to sidewalks (se-e sidewalks) repeal ordinances, of certain reports arrests to marshal by marshal cows, examination of for tuberculosis contagious diseases by keeper of pest house by physicians by railroad or driver violation of regulations by physicians curb and gutter expense to council unpaid tax by treasurer fire ordinance, violations of health regulations, violation of by police health officer, unsanitary condition stable, herd or milk. .. . inspection of boilers . of buildings -l of milk marshal, annual to council monthly to council moneys paid treasurer paving, review of assessment unpaid taxes permits for new buildings sewers, committee as to expediency of . engineers to council unpaid taxes to council index to ordinances skating pace prohibited on sidewalks skating rinks license for skim milk can to be marked ° slaughter house clean and disinfected to be kept substances from when a nuisance sleighs bells attached to in parks slops abatement of in public places nuisance, when °° smallpox (see contagious diseases) smell offensive abatement of snow removal of by owner from sidewalks limit of expense by city notice of put on tax roll when street in, not to be in ridges or piles street railway, to spread evenly soap factory clean and disinfected to be kept oi nauseous substance from a nuisance special assessment curb and gutter lateral sewers certified to assessor district for fixed by council made by assessor resolution for by council review and confirmation of pavements assessor makes district fixed by council district and cost certified to assessor review and confirmation of - street connections ° street sprinkling special assessment roll curb and gutter lateral sewers assessor makes contains what certificate attached to by assessor certified to assessor copy of made by assessor inspection by assessor and treasurer review and confirmation of sums unpaid carried to general roll index to ordinances page trees cutting down by permission ........ climbing on to witness games ... hitching horses to .. park, not to be injured planting in streets .......... trespassers ordinance relative to. trial persons arrested, of ....... trucks bond for. ....... ... license for ............................................. tuberculin test animals tagged ......... certificate given owner ........................... consent of owner of herd to demanded, may be by owner ordered by council or board of health report of to clerk .... turpentine manufacture of prohibited ..... .......... two-thirds vote necessary on appeal from mayor ........... ... typhoid fever (see contagious diseases) page underground conduits (see conduits) uniform police, determined by council ....... university water mains, authorized to lay ..... undertakers precautions after contagious disease. ... ... page ... vagrants punished ...... varioloid (see contagious diseases) vehicles impeding travel ........ sidewalks on .... (see also hacks) ... ... ... ... .............. ...... ...... . ... ... .... ............. ..... ... ....... b , charter of the city of ann arbor january :a a charter of the city of ann arbor printed by authority of the common council compilers: isaac g. reynoli)s willis blakeslee ann arbor, michigan the ann arbor press ann arbor, mich. officers of the city govern- ment of ann arbor for the year - ....... mayor...... ..george e. lewis president of council.... ..mark b. sugden city clerk.. isaac g. reynolds city assessor. .herbert w. crippen city treasurer... ..ross granger city attorney.......... .......roscoe o. bonisteel city marshal.. thomas o'brien chief of fire dept... .chas. j. andrews health officer......... . dr. john a. wessinger city physician. .dr. edwin ganzhorn poor commissioner... ........ john h. shadford city engineer......... geo. h. sandenburg asst. engineer.......... .h. r. scovill street commission... .........alfred j. paul supt. of parks............. .e. a. gallup mgr. water works dept...... ...geo. j. vandawarker supt. of water works.... ..leslie a. bush deputy city clerk..................fred c. perry deputy city clerk........ . marcia m. minnis ................. the common council mark b. sugden, president first ward. second ward. ....... third ward. ........ ...... fourth ward........ willis g. johnson herbert m. slauson benjamin h. graf george l. haarer .e. edward lucas wm. l. henderson jerome w. markey chris t. donnelly .george spathelf walter s. moore chas. c. freeman alfred h. white robert norris lewis m. gram fifth ward. ................... sixth ward......... seventh ward.......... ..... bureau of government university of michigan. mayors of the city of ann arbor in ..... .......... ....... .......... .............. .............. ......... george sedgwick edwin r. tremain james kingsley william s. maynard philip bach ...... robert j. barry .. john f. miller .. charles spoor ebenezer wells william s. maynard oliver m. martin christian eberbach alfred h. partridge . william d. harriman silas h. douglass hiram j. beakes edward d. kinne : densmore cramer willard b. smith john kapp .. william d. harriman john kapp john j. robison ....... willard b. smith .... samuel w. beakes charles h. manly. william g. doty .. bradley m. thompson cyrenus g. darling warren e. walker .. charles e. hiscock gottlob luick royal s. copeland arthur brown . francis m. hamilton james c. henderson william l. walz william l. walz . dr. r. g. mckenzie .... #charles a. sauer. ernst m. wurster... ernst m. wurster ... george e. lewis ...... from to april april * .......... .............. ......... ........... ...... . *in march, , the term of office of mayor and president of the council was extended to two years. †died dec. th, . succeeded by ernst m. wurster as acting mayor from dec. , , to april, . presidents of the council : (this position was established as an elective city office by the charter of .) from to april april fred h. belser .... mortimer e. cooley .. william w. watts levi d. wines ......... charles e. hiscock * gottlob luick ..... walter t. seabolt john w. haarer john c. walz, jr. .... eugene s. gilmore william l. walz . i dr. wm. s. mills ..... dr. wm. s. mills e. e. schmid ernst m. wurster rudolph e. reichert george e. lewis .... frudolph e. reichert. mark b. sugden .. .. .. ... . ... .. ... ... .. . . ... .. . ... .. ... .. .. .. ... .. ... *in march, , the term of office of mayor and president of the council was extended to two years. † president of council till april rd, , then resigned. table of contents page .......... is .. .. .. .. .. . ... . .. ... . .. .. ..... . .. .. at act of incorporation boundaries electors and resignation .... elections ....... officers ......... qualifications, oath and official bond.. vacancies in office duties of officers mayor ......... aldermen ............. city clerk justice of the peace . assessor supervisors constable police commissioners .. city treasurer ... city attorney ........ compensation of officers, common council ... powers of the common council ordinances ....... enforcement of ordinances .. police .. sewers, drains and water courses.. streets, sidewalks and public improve- ments .. board of public works....... fire department ... public health finances and taxation.... miscellaneous provisions local act to construct sewers. local act to contract for gas or electric light ........ ......... local act to raise money for university hospital local act to build city hall.. local act to purchase water works......... local act to construct garbage crematory index ......... a ........... ΙΙΟ .......... io charter of the line of said section thirty, six hundred thirty seven feet, thence north parallel with the east line of said section thirty; eleven hundred 'thirteen feet to a point one hundred ninety eight feet south of the southerly line of west liberty street; thence west- erly on a line parallel with liberty street to the east line of the west half of the southeast quar- ter of section thirty, thence north to the east and west center line of said section thirty, thence west on said center line to the center of section thirty, thence north on the center line of section thirty to a point one hundred ninety eight feet south of the south line of jackson avenue; thence west parallel with and one hundred ninety eight feet south of the south line of jackson avenue to the intersection of the west line fo grand view plat, projected southerly; thence north along the west boundary of said plat extended to the center line of jackson avenue; thence westerly along the center line of jackson avenue, four hundred and sixty eight one hundredths feet; thence deflecting - '- " to the left eight hundred forty seven and fourteen one hundredths feet to the east and west quarter line of section thirty, township two south, range six east; thence west along the east and west quarter line of section thirty, township two south, range six east, nine hundred four and fifty six one hundredths feet; thence deflecting - ²- " to the right seven hundred forty nine and eighty nine one hundredths feet to the center line of jackson avenue; thence deflecting - ²- " to the right eighty two and three one hundredths feet to the point of curve; thence along the arc of a circular curve to the left of radius six thousand four hundred seventy five and fifteen one hundredths feet through a central angle of °- ²- " to the point of tangency of said curve; thence deflecting °- ²- %, to the left from the chord of the last mentioned curve one hundred twenty three and nineteen one hundredths feet; thence deflecting city of ann arbor ii - '- " to the left one thousand two hundred twenty three and thirteen one hundredths feet to the center line of dexter avenue; thence deflecting °- '- " to the right ninety six and twenty two one hundredths feet along the center line of dexter ave- nue; then deflecting - '- % to the left six hundreri ninety seven and eighty two one hundredths feet along the center line of dexter avenue to the west line of grand view plat; thence deflecting - '- " to the left along the west line of grand view plat extended to a point one hundred ninety eight feet north of dexter avenue; thence southeasterly parallel to and one hundred ninety eight feet from dexter avenue to a point nine and thirteen one hun- dredths chains northwesterly from the east line of the west one half of the north east one quarter of section thirty, township two south, range six east; thence de- flecting - ²- " to the left three hundred sixty three and no one hundredths feet; thence deflecting - '- % to the left three hundred ten and twenty one hundredths feet; thence deflecting - ²- % to the right six hundred eighty five and eight one hun- dredths feet to the north line of section thirty, town- ship two south, range six east; thence east on the north line of section thirty, township two south, range six east to the east line of lot twenty three of the plat of the southeast one quarter of section nine- teen, township two south, range six east; thence north along the east line of said lot twenty three to the cen. ter line of miller avenue; thence southeasterly along the center line of miller avenue to the east line of section nineteen, township two south, range six east; thence north along the east line of said section nine- teen to a point nine hundred forty five feet north of the east quarter post of section nineteen, thence west at right angles to the east line of section nineteen, three hundred fifty feet; thence north parallel with said section line five hundred feet to the east and west charter of the center line of the northeast quarter of section nine- teen, thence east along the center lines of the north halves of sections nineteen, twenty and twenty one, to the northeast corner of the southwest quarter of the northeast quarter of section twenty one, thence south parallel with the east line of section twenty one to the river bank; thence southerly along the east- erly bank of the huron river to the east line of sec- tion twenty eight; thence south along the east line of section twenty eight to the northerly line of geddes avenue; thence southeasterly along the north line of geddes avenue, one thousand seventy feet to the in- tersection of the said line with the extension of the easterly line of lot number six in grove block in j. d. baldwin's eastern addition to the city of ann arbor, according to the recorded plat thereof; thence south. erly six hundred eighty three feet along the easterly line of the said lot six and the extension of this line to its intersection with the south line of section twenty seven; thence east along the north line of section thirty four, township two south, range six east five hundred eighty four and six tenths feet; thence south. °- - " east one thousand seven hundred thirty five and five tenths feet to a point on the north line of lot five, c. l. tuomy washtenaw hills subdivision, one hundred twenty one and six tenths feet from the northeast corner of said lot five; thence southerly along the east and south line of c. l. tuomy washte- naw hills subdivision to the east line of washtenaw avenue; thence south - ²- " west fifteen and forty two one hundredths feet; thence south º- '- " east twenty one and seven tenths feet to an iron pipe monument on the center line of washtenaw avenue; thence continuing south °- - ” east one thousand three hundred fifty three and three tenths feet; thence south °- ²- ' west five hundred thirty three and four tenths feet to the southwest corner of the northwest one quarter of the southwest one city of ann arbor quarter of section thirty four, township two south, range six east; thence parallel to the south line of section thirty three, township two south, range six east, to the west line of section thirty three, township two south, range six east; thence north along the west line of section thirty three; to the west quarter post of section thirty three thence west along the center line of section thir- ty two to the west line of section thirty two; thence north along the west line of section thirty two to the place of beginning, be and the same is here- by set off from said township and declared to be a city, by the name of ann arbor; and the freemen of said city from time to time being inhabitants thereof shall be and continue to be a body corporate and politic, by the name and style of “the city of ann arbor," and by that name it shall be known in law, and shall be capable of suing and being sued, and of prosecuting and defending all suits; they may have a common seal, which the common council may alter at pleasure, and shall be capable of purchasing, hold- ing, conveying and disposing of real and personal estate for the use of said corporation. sec. .* the city shall be divided into seven wards, as follows: the first ward shall embrace all that part of the city lying south of huron street, cast of main street, west of state street and north of mad- ison street; the second ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying south of huron street and jackson avenue and west of main street and the ann arbor and lodi plank road; the third ward shall em- brace all that portion of the city lying north of huron street and jackson avenue, and south of the huron river, and west of fourth avenue, extending to the river huron; the fourth ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying north of huron street and of the line of huron street as extended easterly to the city limits south of the river huron and east of * as amended march , . charter of the fourth avenue; the fifth ward shall embrace all that : portion of the city lying northeast of the huron river; the sixth ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying south of huron street and of the line of huron street as extended easterly to the city limits, and east of state street from its intersection with huron street to its intersection with monroe street, and north of monroe street from its intersection with state street to its intersection with east univer- sity avenue, and east of east university avenue from its intersection with monroe street to its inter- section with hill street, and north of hill street from its intersection with east university avenue to its intersection with washtenaw avenue and northeast- erly of washtenaw avenue from its intersection with hill street to the city limits; the seventh ward shall embrace all that portion of the city lying east of main street and the ann arbor and lodi plank road, and south of madison street from its intersection with main street to its intersection with state street, and west of state street from its intersection with madi- son street to its intersection with monroe street, and south of monroe street from its intersection with state street to its intersection with east university avenue and west of east university avenue from its intersection with monroe street to its intersection with hill street and south of hill street from its in- tersection with east university avenue to its inter- section with washtenaw avenue and southwesterly of washtenaw avenue from its intersection with hill street to the city limits. the aforesaid divisions are made by the actual or supposed continuation of the center line of each of the said division streets in the present direction thereof: provided, that at least ten days before the first election in and for the addi.. tional ward created by this act, the common council shall appoint three electors, residing in the territory formed into the seventh ward, by this act, as inspect- city of ann arbor ors of the first election therein, and cause notice to be given by the city clerk at least eight days previous to said election, in manner prescribed by section eight of the charter of the city of ann arbor. such notice shall state the time and place in the said seventh ward of holding said first election, and of the city and ward officers to be elected, and of the time and place in said ward where the said inspectors of elec- tion will meet on the wednesday next preceding said first election to make a registration of the electors in said seventh ward, and that no person unless reg- istered in the registry book of said ward will be per- mitted to vote at such election. the inspectors of election, appointed as herein provided, shall consti- tute a board of registration for said seventh ward, for the purpose of making the first registry of the electors therein. they shall take and file with the city clerk the constitutional oath of office and shall meet in the said seventh ward on the days and times and at the place appointed in the notice of the said first election and there make a registry of all persons in said ward who are qualified electors, in accordance with the general laws of the state of michigan and the provisions of the charter of said city in force at the time of said registration. such registry when completed shall be the registry of the electors of said seventh ward. said inspectors of such first election in said seventh ward shall have the same powers, per- form the same duties at, and conduct such election as nearly as may be in accordance with the provisions of the charter of said city, except as herein otherwise provided. sec. . the common council shall have power, by ordinance duly passed, to divide any ward which shall have polled more than six hundred votes at the last preceding general election, into polling precincts, which precincts shall be as nearly equal as possible in point of population, and the common council shall charter of the have the power to provide for separate re-registration for each polling precinct when any such precinct shall be created, and the registration of electors for all elections shall be conducted in each precinct as nearly as possible as the elections are conducted in the several wards, and no voter shall vote in other than the precinct in which he shall reside. the com- mon council shall also provide registration books for, any ward that shall be so divided—one for each pre- cinct—and the board of registration shall be as con- stituted by this act, but each voter's name shall be registered in the book provided for the precinct in which he resides. the returns of the elections in pre- cincts shall be made and canvassed in the same man- ner as in wards, and the word precinct in elections shall, to all intents and purposes, be synonymous . with the word ward. electors and registration sec. . the inhabitants of said city of ann ar- bor, having the qualifications of electors under the constitution and laws of the state, and no others, shall be electors therein. sec. .* at all elections in said city every elector shall vote in the ward where he shall have resided during twenty days next preceding the day of elec- tion. the residence of any elector, not being a house- holder, shall be deemed to be in the ward in which he rooms and lodges. sec. . any person offering to vote at any elec- tion held in said city, shall, if challenged by an elec- tor of the ward in which he offers to vote, take, before his vote shall be received, one of the oaths or affirma- tions provided by the laws of the state for electors at general elections, which oath may be administered by *as amended march , . city of ann arbor either of the inspectors of election. upon taking such oath or affirmation, if duly registered in said ward, he shall be permitted to vote. sec. . the supervisor and aldermen of each ward shall constitute the board of registration there- in, except as in this act otherwise provided. if by any reason there shall not be a full board of registra- tion, the common council shall supply any vacancy or appoint a board of registration for the ward. sec. . a new and complete registration of elec- tors shall be made in the several wards on tuesday and wednesday preceding the general election to be held in the year , and on the tuesday and wed. nesday preceding the general election to be held every eighth year thereafter, for which purpose the several ward boards shall be and remain in session at such places as the common council shall direct, from eight o'clock in the forenoon to eight o'clock in the after. noon of the days before named. notice of such ses- sions and registration shall be given as provided in section two of "an act to further preserve the purity of elections and guard against the abuse of the elec- tion franchise by a registration of electors," approved february , , and registration books of the form prescribed by statute and now in use in said city shall be provided under the direction of the common coun: cil. the rules and regulations prescribed in the act before cited, shall be observed and carried out in making the registration hereby ordered, and when any new registration shall have been completed under the provisions of this act the registry books prior thereto in use in said city shall be deemed invalid, and no person shall vote at any election in any ward of said city whose name shall not be entered in the new register made under the provisions of this act, or be afterwards properly entered in such new register, according to the provisions of the act aforesaid and this act. charter of the sec. . sessions of the board of registration shall be held in the several wards on the tuesday preceding each general election of state and county officers at which a new and complete registration is not ordered for the purpose of registering new electors in said ward registration books in the manner prescribed in the aforesaid act, like notice to be given as pro- vided by section six of said act, which session shall commence at o'clock in the forenoon and close at o'clock in the afternoon, and on the wednesday preceding such general election the said board of registration shall hold a session at the common coun. cil room, in said city, from nine o'clock in the fore- noon until four o'clock in the afternoon for the pur. pose of comparing, revising, correcting and complet- ing the several ward registration lists. at such ses- sion the presence of two members of each ward board of registration shall be necessary to constitute a quo- rum. applicants for registration, being duly quali- fied electors, may register at such session, and the names of electors who have removed or died since the preceding election shall be erased with red ink, with the remark "dead" or "removed,” with the date of erasure. if the name of any elector shall be erased by mistake such elector may be re-registered on the day of election as provided by section eighteen of the act hereinbefore cited. sec. . sessions of the boards of registration shall be held in the several wards on the wednesday preceding each charter or special election for new reg- istration, and correction of the registry books, such sessions to be noticed and conducted as provided for by the act before cited, except that the erasure of the names of electors who have removed or died shall be made as provided in the preceding section. such sessions shall commence at eight o'clock in the fore- noon and close at eight o'clock in the afternoon; pro- vided, that in giving notice of registration for a spec- city of ann arbor ial election, it shall not be necessary to print the names of the electors then duly registered. sec. . two members shall at all times be pres- ent during the session of each ward board of regis- tration. elections sec. . an annual city charter election shall be held on the first monday in april in each year, at such place in each of the several wards of the city as the common council shall designate. sec. . special elections may be appointed by resolution of the common council, to be held in and for the city, or in and for any ward thereof, at such time and place, or places, as the common council shall designate; the purpose and object of which shall be fully set forth in the resolution appointing such elec- tion. sec. . whenever a special election is to be held the common council shall cause to be delivered to · the inspectors of election in the ward or wards where. the same is to be held, a notice signed by the city clerk, specifying the officer or officers to be chosen, and the question or proposition, if any, to be submitted to the vote of the electors, and the day and place at which such election is to be held, and such election shall be conducted in the same manner as the annual charter elections. sec. . notice of the time and place or places of holding any election, and of the officers to be elected, and the question to be voted upon, shall, except as herein otherwise provided, be given by the city clerk at least ten days before such election, by posting such notices in three public places in each ward in which the election is to be held, and by publishing a copy thereof in a newspaper published in the city, the same length of time before the election; and in case of a charter of the sec. . immediately after closing the polls, the inspertors of election shall without adjourning, pub- licly canvass the votes received by them, and declare the result; and shall, on the same day or on the next day, make a statement in writing, setting forth in words at full length the whole number of votes given for each office, the names of persons for whom such votes for each office were given, and the number of votes so given for each person; the whole number of votes given upon each question voted upon, and the number of votes given for and against the same, which statement shall be certified under the hands of the in- spectors to be correct; and they shall deposit such statement and certificate on the day of election, or on the next day, together with such poll lists, the register of electors and the boxes containing said ballots, in the office of the city clerk. sec. . the manner of canvassing said votes shall be the same as prescribed by law for canvassing votes at the general elections held in this state, and the inspectors shall in all other respects, except as herein otherwise provided, conform as nearly as may be to the duties required of inspectors of election at such general elections. sec. . the common council shall convene on the thursday next succeding each election, at their usual place of meeting, and determine the result of the elec- tion upon each question and proposition voted upon, and what persons are duly elected at said election to the several offices respectively; and thereupon the city clerk shall make duplicate certificates, under the cor- porate seal of the city, of such determination, showing the result of the election upon any question or propo- sition voted upon, and what persons are declared elect- ed to the several offices respectively, one of which certificates he shall file in the office of the clerk of the county of washtenaw and the other shall be filed in the office of the city clerk. city of ann arbor sec. . the person receiving the greatest num- ber of votes for any city or ward office shall be deemed to have been duly elected to such office, and if there shall be no choice for any office by reason of two or more candidates having received an equal number of votes, the common council shall at the meeting men- tioned in the preceding section determine by lot be- tween such persons, which shall be considered election to such office. sec. . it shall be the duty of the city clerk, within five days after the meeting and determination of the common council, as provided in section [ ], to notify each person elected, in writing, of his elec- tion, and he shall also, within five days after the com- mon council shall appoint any person to any office, in like manner notify such person of such appoint- ment. sec. . within one week after the expiration oť the time in which any official bond or oath of office is required to be filed, the city clerk shall report in writing to the common council the names of the per- sons elected or appointed to any office who shall have neglected to file such oath and bond or security for the performance of the duties of the office. officers sec. . the following city officers, viz: a mayor, president of the common council, city clerk, two jus- tices of the peace and an assessor shall be elected by the qualified voters of the whole city, and a supervis- or, two aldermen and a constable shall be elected in each ward. sec. .* the following officers shall be appointed by the mayor, subject to the approval of a majority of the members-elect from the common council, viz.: * as amended march , . charter of the a city treasurer, a city attorney, members of the board of public works, members of the board of fire commis- sioners and members of the board of health. the com- mon council may also, from time to time provide by ordinance for the appointment, and appoint for such term as may be provided in any such ordinance, such other officers whose election or appointment is not herein specially provided for, as the common council shall deem necessary for the execution of the powers granted by this act, and may remove the same at pleas- ure. the powers and duties of all such officers shall be prescribed by ordinance. sec. . appointments to office by the mayor, ex- cept appointments to fill vacancies, shall, unless oth- erwise provided, be made on the first monday in may in each year; but appointments which for any cause shall not be made on this day may be made at any subsequent regular meeting of the common council. sec. .* the mayor, president of the common council, city clerk, assessor and aldermen shall hold their offices for the term of two years from the second monday in april in the year when elected, and until their successors are elected and qualified : provided, that in said seventh ward created by this act, there shall be elected at the first charter election held after the passage of this act, two aldermen, one for the term of one year and one for the term of two years from the second monday in april of the year when elected, and until their successors are elected and qualified. the term of each shall be designated by the ballots cast for him, and each year thereafter one alderman shall be elected in said ward. " sec. .* the supervisors and constable shall hold their offices for the term of one year from the second monday in april of the year when elected, and until their successors qualify and enter upon the duties of their offices. the justices of the peace shall be elected * as amended march , . city of ann arbor for the term of four years from the fourth day of july next after their election, one to be elected each alternate year. sec. . all other officers, except as hereinafter provided, appointed by the mayor and common coun- cil or boards of the city, except officers appointed to fill vacancies in elective offices, shall hold their re- spective offices until the first monday in may next after such appointment and until their successors are qualified and enter upon the duties of their office, un- less a different term of office shall be provided in this act or by an ordinance duly enacted. qualifications, oath, official bond sec. . no person shall be elected or appointed to any office, unless he be an elector of said city, and if elected or appointed for a ward, he must be an elector thereof; and no person shall be elected or ap- pointed to any office in the city who has been or is a defaulter to the city or any board of officers thereof, or to any school district, county or other municipal corporation of the state. all votes for, or any ap- pointment of, any such defaulter shall be void. sec. . justices of the peace elected in said city shall take and file an oath of office with the county clerk, of the county of washtenaw, within the same time and in the same manner as in the cases of jus- tices of the peace elected in townships. all other offi- cers elected or appointed in the city, shall, within ten days after receiving notice of their election or ap- pointment, take and subscribe the oath of office pre- scribed by the constitution of the state, and file the same with the city clerk. sec. . officers elected or appointed, except jus- tices of the peace, before entering upon the duties of their offices and within the time prescribed for the filing of their official oaths, shall file with the city charter of the clerk such a bond or security as may be required by law or by any ordinance or requirement of the com- mon council, and with such sureties, who shall justify in writing and under oath, as required by the laws of this state, as shall be approved by the common council for the due performance of the duties of their office, except that the bond or security of the city clerk shall be deposited with the city treasurer. sec. . the common council may also, at any time, require any officer, whether elected, or appoint- ed, to execute and file with the city clerk new official bonds in the same or in such further sums, and with new or with such further sureties as said common council may deem requisite for the interest of the cor- poration. any failure to comply with such require- ments shall subject the officer to immediate removal by the common council. v vacancies in office sec. . resignation of officers shall be made to the council, subject to their approval and acceptance. sec. . if any officer shall cease to be a resident of the city, or if elected in and for a ward, shall re- move therefrom during his term of office, the office shall thereby be vacated. if any officer shall be a de- faulter, the office shall thereby be vacated. sec. . if any person elected or appointed to office shall fail to take and file the oath of office, or shall fail to give the bond or security required for the due performance of the duties of his office within the time herein limited therefor, the common council may declare the office vacant, unless previous thereto he shall file the oath and give the requisite bond or security. sec. . a vacancy in the office of mayor, presi- dent of the council, justice of the peace or aldermen, city of ann arbor occurring more than ninety days preceding annual election, may be filled at a special election on the or- der of the common council. a vacancy in the office of justice of the peace or alderman, occurring within ninety days preceding an annual election, shall be filled at such annual election. a vacancy occurring in the office of the city clerk may be filled by appoint- ment by the mayor, confirmed by a majority of the members elect of the common council, unless said offi- cer has more than one year to serve at the time such vacancy shall occur, in which case it shall be filled at the next ensuing election, and the mayor, with the consent of the council, shall appoint a city clerk to act until such election: provided, that vacancies oc- curring within ninety days preceding any state elec- tion may be filled thereat; vacancies in other offices shall be filled by the mayor, subject to the approval of a majority of the members elect of the common coun- cil. sec. . the resignation or removal of any officer shall not, nor shall the appointment or election of an- other to the office, exonerate such officer or his sure- ties from any liabilities incurred by him or them. . sec. . whenever an officer shall resign or be removed from office, or the term for which he shall have been elected or appointed shall expire, he shall, on demand, deliver over to his successor in office all the books, papers, moneys and effects in his custody as such officer, and in any way appertaining to his office; and every person violating this provision shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and may be pro- ceeded against in the same manner as public officers generally, for a like offense, under the general laws of the state, now or hereafter in force and applicable thereto; and every officer appointed or elected under this act shall be deemed an officer within the meaning and provision of such general laws of the state. charter of the Į duties of officers—the mayor sec. . the mayor shall be the chief executive officer of the city, and shall from time to time give to the common council information, in writing con- cerning the affairs of the corporation, and recommend such measures as he may deem expedient. it shall be his duty to exercise supervision over the several departments of the city government, and to see that the laws relating to the city and the ordinance and regulations of the common council are enforced. sec. . the mayor shall be a conservator of the peace, and may exercise within the city the powers conferred upon sheriffs to suppress disorder, and shall have authority to command the assistance of all able- bodied citizens to aid in the enforcement of city ordi- nances or laws of the state, and to suppress riot and disorderly conduct. sec. . the mayor shall have authority at all times to examine and inspect the books, records and papers of any agent, employer or officer of the city, and shall perform generally all such duties as are or may be prescribed by the ordinances of the city. sec. . in the absence or disability of the mayor, or in case of any vacancy in his office, the president of the common council shall perform the duties of the mayor. aldermen sec. . the aldermen of the city shall be mem- bers of the city council, attend all the meetings thereof, and act upon committees when thereunto ap- pointed by the president of the council. as conserva- tors of the peace they shall aid in maintaining quiet and good order in the city, and in securing the faith- ful performance of duty by all officers of the city. city of ann arbor city clerk sec. .* the city clerk shall keep the corporate seal and all the documents, official bonds, papers, files and records of the city, not by this act or by the ordin- ances of the city entrusted to some other officer; he shall be clerk of the common council, shall attend its meetings, record all its proceedings, ordinances and resolutions, and shall countersign and register all licenses granted and report the same with the amount thereof to the common council monthly; he shall, when required, make and certify, under seal of the city, copies of the papers and records filed and kept in his office, and such copies shall be evidence in all places of the matters therein contained to the same extent as the original would be. he shall pos- sess and exercise the powers and duties of township clerk so far as the same are required to be performed within the city, and shall have authority to adminis- ter oaths and affirmations. the city clerk may, sub- ject to the approval of the common council, appoint a deputy and such deputy may perform any and all the duties of such clerk. sec. .* the city clerk shall, in addition to his duties as clerk, exercise the powers and functions of a city comptroller. he shall sign all cemetery deeds and orders upon the treasury. he shall countersign all bonds and all evidences of debt and transfer of property which the common council is authorized to make, pledging the faith of said city. he shall re- ceive all accounts and demands against the city, shall examine them in detail, audit or allow them or such part thereof as to the correctness of which he has no doubt and which the claimant is willing to accept in full discharge thereof, file and number them as vouchers with the date thereof, and report his find- ings to the finance committee of the common council, * as amended march , . * as amended june , . charter of the who shall review such report and transmit the same to the common council with its recommendation as to the allowance or disallowance of such claims or any of them, and no claim so audited shall be binding against the city until approved by a vote of the com- mon council, and when such claim is allowed by the common council, the city clerk shall draw his war- rant upon the city treasurer for the payment thereof, designating thereon the fund from which the payment is to be made, but no warrant shall be drawn on any fund after the same has been exhausted and any warrant so drawn shall be void. when any tax or money shall be levied, raised or appropriated, he shall report the amount thereof to the city treasurer, stat. ing the object and fund for which it is levied, raised or appropriated and the amount thereof to be credited to each fund. the city clerk shall sign all contracts and agreements on behalf of the city except as other- wise in this act provided and subject to the orders of the common council. he shall make all purchases of materials, tools, books, stationery, apparatus and property for the city or its officers not otherwise provided for herein or ordered by the common coun- cil. he shall keep a record of all officers and em- ployes of the city and certify to the pay rolls and wages of all such officers and persons to the common council. he shall be charged, under the supervision of the common council, with the leasing, repairs, in- surance and general supervision of the property of the city, and for his information may require re- ports from all officers and persons having any city property in charge or possession or having supervision of city employes, and make report of the same when required by the common council. he shall keep a complete set of books exhibiting the condition of the city in its various departments and funds, its re- sources and liabilities, with proper classification there- of of each fund or appropriation for any distinct ob- city of ann arbor ject of expenditure or class of expenditures. when- ever any such fund or appropriation has been exhaust- ed by warrants already drawn thereon or by appro- priations, liabilities, debts or expenses actually incur- red or contracted for, no further warrants shall be drawn by the city clerk against such fund or appro- priation until another appropriation shall be made. whenever any appropriation is made from any fund in excess of the balance remaining in such fund after previous appropriations have been deducted therefrom and after the fixed salaries or charges thereon to be paid from said fund are deducted therefrom, he shall notify the official or officials charged with the ex- penditure of such appropriation of the amount of money available for such appropriation or of the fact that no money remains in the fund available for the appropriation, and after such notification no expend- itures shall be made under such appropriation in ex- cess of the amount so reported by the city clerk as available. the city clerk shall report in writing to the common council at its first meeting thereafter the reasons for such notification together with such rec- ommendations as he sees fit. the council may pro- vide funds for the appropriation if it sees fit, in any manner permitted by the charter or by cutting down any unexpended appropriation and returning the same to the credit of the fund from which it is drawn. if the comptroller shall attempt to cut down or render nugatory any appropriation which does not violate any provision of the charter, he may be man- damused by order of the council on application to the circuit court. he shall, when required, or when he sees fit, make report to the council as to the liabil- ities and resources of the city with estimates of funds needed for current expenses and recommendations re- lating thereto, and he shall make an annual report showing in detail the financial transactions of the city for the fiscal year. charter of the sec. . the city clerk shall keep himself thor- oughly acquainted, and make himself conversant with the doings of all officers charged in any manner with the receipt, collection and disbursement of the city revenues, and shall have general supervision over all the property and assets of the city; he shall have charge of all books, vouchers and documents relating to the accounts, contracts, debts and revenues of the corporation; he shall countersign and register all bonds issued, and keep a list of all property and ef- fects belonging to the city, and of all its debts and liabilities; he shall keep a complete set of books, ex- hibiting the financial condition of the corporation in all its departments, funds, resources and liabilities, with a proper classification thereof, and showing the purpose for which each fund was raised; he shall also keep an account with the treasurer, in which he shall charge him with all moneys received for each of the several funds of the city, and credit him with all the warrants drawn thereon, keeping a separate account with each fund; when any fund has been exhausted, he shall immediately advise the common council there- of; the city clerk shall be the clerk of the board of public works and all other boards, the clerks of all standing and special committees of the common coun- cil, and the clerk of all the boards of the city that may from this time be established. he shall render to the common council on the first monday of every month, and oftener if required, a report of the amount of all orders drawn since the last preceding report, what orders remain outstanding and unpaid, and the balance remaining of the credit of each fund. sec. . the city clerk shall report to the com- mon council whenever required a detailed statement of the receipts, expenditures and financial condition of the city, of the debts to be paid and moneys required to meet the estimated expenses of the corporation, and shall perform such other duties pertaining to his charter of the committed within said city against any of the by-laws or ordinances which shall be made by the common council in pursuance of the powers granted by this act, and to punish the offenders as by said by-laws or ordinances shall be prescribed or directed, to award all process, and take recognizance for the keeping of the peace, for the appearance of the person charged, and upon appeal, and to commit to prison as occasion may require. in case there shall be at any time in said city, from any cause, no qualified justice of the peace, suits for violation of any of the city ordinances may be brought before one of the justices of the peace of the township of ann arbor. the assessor sec. . the assessor shall annually estimate the value of all the taxable real and personal property in the city, and make the several ward assessment rolls at the time and in the manner as hereinafter in this act provided; he shall spread upon said rolls any and all taxes duly certified to him by order of the common council, by the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw, or by other proper authority; and his warrant attached to said rolls, directing the collection of the taxes so levied and spread thereon, shall have the same power and effect as the warrant of a supervisor made in accordance with the state law. supervisors sec. . the supervisors of the several wards shall have the like powers and perform the like duties as supervisors of townships, except as herein other- wise provided; they shall represent their several wards in the board of supervisors of the county or washtenaw, and shall have all the rights, privileges and powers of the several members of such board. city of ann arbor t constables sec. . the constables shall have the like powers and authority in matters of civil and criminal nature, and in relation to the service of all manner of civil and criminal process, as are conferred by law upon constables in townships, and shall receive the like fees for their services, and be subject to like liabilities for any neglect of duty imposed by general law upon constables in townships. they shall have power also to serve all process issued for breaches of the ordi- nances of the city. they shall obey all lawful orders of the mayor, aldermen, and chief of police, and of any court or justice of the peace exercising jurisdic- tion in causes for breaches of the ordinances of the city; and shall discharge all duties required of them by any ordinance, resolution or regulation of the com- mon council, and for any neglect or refusal to perform any duty required of him, every constable shall be subject to removal from office by a vote of the com- mon council. sec. .* there shall be a board of police com- missioners in said city which shall consist of three good and competent men who are electors therein. they shall be appointed by the mayor, subject to the approval of the majority of all the aldermen elect. the full term of a member shall be three years, but the members first appointed shall be subject to classifica- tion in such a manner that one term shall expire in each year. the said commission shall make a month- ly report of the work of the commission to the com- mon council, which shall contain a detailed state- ment of the arrests, the amount of the fines and costs collected and such other information as the common council shall prescribe. any member of the com- mission may be removed by a three-fourths vote of the members-elect of the common council for mal- *as amended april nd, . charter of the feasance of duties of the office or for any other cause wherein elective or appointive officers may be removed under the terms of this charter or state law, for fail- ure to perform their duties. the members of the said board of police commissioners shall receive such compensation as the common council may allow. the board of police commissioners shall have and possess all the powers given by the charter and ordin- ances of the city and other governmental laws, to es- tablish and enforce such police regulations as they shall deem necessary to prevent vice and immorality, to preserve public peace and good order, to prevent and quell riots and disturbances and disorderly as- semblages, to prevent the violation of the sabbath and disturbances of any religious congregations or any other public meetings assembled for any lawful purpose and shall possess such other powers as shall be incident to the public welfare and usually confer- red upon such commissions. the board of police commissioners shall appoint a city marshal as chief of police of the city, who shall be subject to the direction of the said board of police commissioners. it shall be his duty to see that all the ordinances and regulations of the common council made for the preservation of quiet and good order, and for the safety and protection of the inhabi- tants of the city, are promptly enforced, and when he shall know or learn of the violation of any ordi- nance of the city or penal statute of the state, it shall be his duty to enter complaint before one of the jus. tices of the peace of the said city and to do whatever shall be necessary to bring the offender to justice. he shall have the same power to serve and execute all process issued by any justice of the peace of said city, in behalf of said city, or of the people of the state, for offences committed within said city as sher- iffs or constables have by law to serve and execute similar process, and shall suppress all riots, disturb- charter of the dences of value belonging to the city. he shall receive all moneys belonging to and receivable by the corpor- ation, and keep an account of all receipts and expen- ditures thereof. he shall pay no money out of the treasury except in pursuance of and by the authority of law, and upon warrants signed by the city clerk and countersigned by the mayor, or for school pur- poses by the proper officers, which shall specify the purpose for which the amounts thereof are to be paid. he shall keep an accurate account of, and be charged with all taxes and moneys appropriated, raised, or received for each fund of the city, and shall keep a separate account of each fund and credit thereto all moneys raised, paid in or appropriated therefor, and shall pay every warrant out of the particu- lar fund constituted or raised for the purpose for which the warrant is issued, and having the name of such fund, the name of the payee, and the time of maturity indorsed thereon by the city clerk. he shall cancel such warrants when paid, and shall collect all taxes levied or assessed in the city. for the purpose of the collection and return of all taxes, and the re- turn of property delinquent for the non-payment of taxes, and for the purpose of suits for the collection of taxes, the said treasurer, on giving the bonds or surety so required by the charter or any law of the state, shall possess all the powers and perform all the duties of the several township treasurers of this state, as prescribed by law, and shall also perform such other duties, respecting the collection and return of taxes, as this act imposes. sec. . the treasurer shall render to the city clerk on the first monday of every month, and oftener if required, a report of the amounts received and cred- ited by him to each fund, and on what account re- ceived; the amounts paid out by him from each fund during the preceding month, and the amount of mon- ey remaining in each fund on the day of his report; city of ann arbor such report shall be accompanied with a certificate from the cashier of the bank in which the moneys of the city may be deposited, showing the amount of money in the bank to the credit of the city on the day on which the treasurer's report is made. he shall also exhibit to the common council annually, on the first monday in march, and as often and for such period as the common council shall require, a full and detailed account of the receipts and disbursements of the treasury since the date of his last annual re- port, classifying them by the funds to which receipts are credited and out of which such disbursements are made, and the balance remaining in each fund, which account shall be filed in the office of the city clerk, and shall be published in one or more of the newspa- pers of the city. he shall file all vouchers or warrants paid by him with the city clerk with his monthly re- port. sec. . the city treasurer shall keep all moneys in his hands belonging to the city and to the public schools separate and distinct from his own moneys; and he is hereby prohibited from using, either direct- ly or indirectly, the corporation moneys, warrants, or evidences of debt, or any of the school or library funds in his custody or keeping, for his own use or benefit, or that of any other person. any violation of this section shall subject him to immediate removal from office by the common council, who are hereby auth- orized to declare the office vacant, and to appoint his successor, on the nomination of the mayor, for the re- mainder of the term. sec. . the common council may, in its discre- tion, contract with any bank or banks in said city, incorporated under any law of the state, or united states, for the safe keeping of any moneys belonging to said city, and for the payment by such bank or banks of interest thereon, at a rate not exceeding that established by law, which interest shall be credited charter of the by the treasurer to the contingent fund of said city. the common council may prescribe the conditions rel- ative to the making of such contract, and the securi- ties to be given by any bank or banks for the moneys so deposited: provided, that neither the city treas- urer nor his bail shall be held responsible for any moneys deposited in any bank or banks pursuant to the terms of any contract made as in this section authorized. city attorney sec. . the city attorney shall be an attorney and counsellor at law, in good standing, and qualified to practice in all the courts of the state. he shall, on application of the common council or any officer of the city, furnish advice relative to all matters of law, relative to their duties, appear in behalf of the city and of all public boards thereof, in all suits, and per- form such other legal duties as may be required by the mayor or the common council. he shall attend all meetings of the common council. compensation of officers sec. .* the officers and employees of said cor- poration shall be entitled to receive out of the city treasury such compensation as the common council shall allow. the mayor, city clerk, city assessor, city treasurer, city attorney, marshal and health officer may appoint, subject to the approval of the common council, such assistants under them as are required for the proper and prompt performance of the duties of the several offices. the treasurer shall keep an exact account of all fees allowed by law, the collection of which is provided for in section of this charter, and it shall be his duty to collect the same, and when so collected, he shall credit the same to the contingent funds, and he shall likewise account * as amended march , . charter of the the president the council shall appoint one of their number to perform his duties, and for the time being shall exercise the powers and discharge the duties of the president. sec. . the city clerk shall be clerk of the com- mon council, but shall have no vote therein. he shall keep a full record of all the proceedings of the com- mon council, and perform such other duties relating to his office as the common council may direct. in the absence of the clerk or his deputy from any ses- sion of the common council the common council shall appoint one of their number to act as clerk during said session. sec. . the common council shall be the judge of the election, returns and qualifications of its own members. it shall hold regular stated meetings for the transaction of business at such times and places within the city as it shall prescribe, not less than one of which shall be held in each month. the city clerk, by the direction of the mayor or the president of the common council, or on the written request of three aldermen, shall call special meetings of the council, notice of which, in writing, shall be given to each member, or be left at his place of residence, at least two hours before the meeting. sec. . all meetings and sessions of the council shall be in public. a majority of the members elect shall make a quorum for the transaction of business; a less number may adjourn from time to time, and may compel the attendance of absent meinbers in such manner as may be prescribed by ordinance; but no office shall be created or abolished, nor any tax or assessment be imposed, street, alley or public ground be vacated, real estate or any interest therein sold or disposed of, or private property be taken for public use, unless by a concurring vote of two thirds of all the members elect; nor shall any vote of the council charter of the duty imposed upon the corporation or council, the council may enact such appropriate ordinances as may be necessary for the execution and exercise of such power and authority and to regulate the per- formance of such duty. sec. . the council may provide for the appoint- ment of standing committees of its members, who shall perform such duties, investigate, have charge of, and report upon such matters as may be properly referred to them. sec. . the council shall cause all records of the corporation, proceedings of the council, and all books, documents, reports, contracts, receipts, vouchers and papers relating to the finances and affairs of the city, or to the official acts of any officer of the corporation (unless required by law to be kept elsewhere), to be deposited and kept in the office of the city clerk, and to be so arranged, filed and kept as to be convenient of access and inspection; and all such records, books and papers shall be subject to inspection by any inhabitant of the city or other person interested there- in, at all seasonable times, except such parts thereof as in the opinion of the council it may be necessary for the furtherance of justice to withhold for the time being. any person who shall secrete, injure, deface, alter or destroy any such books, records, documents or papers, or expose the same to loss or destruction with intent to prevent the contents or true meaning or im- port of any thereof from being known, shall, on con- viction thereof, be punished by imprisonment in the state prison, not longer than one year, or by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court. sec. . no member of the common council shall, during the period for which he was elected, be ap- pointed to or be .competent to hold any office, the emoluments of which are to be paid from the city city of ann arbor treasury or be paid by fees under any act or ordinance of the common council, or be bondsmen or surety on any contract or bond given to said city; but this sec- tion shall not be construed to deprive any member of any emoluments or fees to which he may be entitled by virtue of his office. any member of the council offending against the provisions of this section, shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, or be imprisoned in the county jail not less than one nor more than six months, or both, in the discretion of the court, and shall forfeit his office. sec. .* the chief of police or any policeman or other officer appointed to office by the board of police commissioners, may be suspended or removed by the said board of police commissioners. any per- son so suspended or removed shall have the right to a hearing before the said board of police commissioners at a regular meeting of said board, provided that ap- plication therefore shall be made within ten days after said suspension or removal by the person so suspended or removed; and the said board of police commis- sioners shall present to the common council at its next regular meeting, reasons for the suspension or removal, in writing, which shall become a part of the records of such meeting. any officer appointed by the mayor may be sus- pended or removed by him, by and with the consent of the majority of the members elect of the council, and the council may expel any alderman or remove from office any person elected thereto, except justices of the peace, by a concurring vote of two-thirds of all the aldermen elect. in case of elective officers, provi- sion shall be made by ordinance for preferring charges and trying the same, and no removal of any elective officer shall be made unless a charge in writing is pre- * as amended april , . charter of the ferred, and opportunity given him to make defense thereto. sec. . to enable the council to investigate charges against any officer, or such other matter as it may deem proper to investigate, the mayor or any jus- tice of the peace is empowered, at the request of the council, to issue subpoenas or process by warrant to compel the attendance of persons and the production of books and papers before the council or any com- mittee. sec. . whenever the council, or any committee of the members thereof, are authorized to compel the attendance of witnesses for the investigation of mat- ters which may come before them, the presiding officer of the council or chairman of such committee for the time being, shall have power to administer the neces- sary oaths; and such council or committee shall have the same power to compel witnesses to testify as is conferred on courts of justice of the peace. sec. . the council shall audit and allow all accounts chargeable against the city, but no claim not certified to by the city official ordering the work done or the purchase made shall be received for audit or allowance, unless it shall be accompanied by an affi- davit of the person presenting it that the services therein charged for have been actually performed, or the goods delivered to the city, that the sums charged are reasonable and just, and that to the best of his knowledge and belief no set-off exists, nor payment has been made on account thereof, except such as are endorsed or referred to in such account or claim. and every such account shall exhibit in detail all the items making up the amount claimed and the true date of each: provided, that the claims of members of the board of registration, inspectors and clerks of election, and members of the board of review may be allowed on the certificate of the city clerk. city of ann arbor , sec. . within twenty-four hours after any ses- sion of the common council, the clerk of said council shall present the proceedings of such session to the mayor, or other person performing the duties of may- or, for his approval, and he may approve the same in whole or in part, or may refuse to approve any order, resolution, paragraph or clause of said pro- ceedings, creating any office, appropriating any money, ordering any tax or assessment, transferring any money from one fund to another, or allowing any claim. he shall return his disapproval and reasons therefor, in writing, to the clerk of the council within three days, and no provision or order so disapproved shall be of any effect unless repassed by a two-thirds vote of the members elect of said council, within thirty days from the time such disapproval is filed with the clerk: provided, that a unanimous vote of all the members elect shall be necessary to re-pass any dis- approved resolution or order for the transfer of any money from one fund to another. . general power of the common council sec. .* the common council, in addition to the powers and duties specially conferred upon them by this act, shall have the management and control of the finances, rights, interests, buildings and all prop- erty, real and personal, belonging to the city, and, make such orders and by-laws relating to the same as they shall deem proper and necessary; and further, they shall have power, within said city, to enact, make, continue, modify, establish, amend and repeal such ordinances, by-laws and regulations as they may deem desirable, within said city, for the following purposes: first, to prevent vice and immorality, to preserve public peace and good order, to prevent and quell riots, disturbances and disorderly assemblages, to prevent * as amended april , . charter of the the violation of the sabbath and the disturbance of any religious congregation, or any other public meet- ing assembled for any lawful purpose. to license newsboys, prohibit the sale of indecent and obscene newspapers, or other indecent or obscene publications, and authorize the seizure and destruction of the same; second, to restrain and prevent disorderly and gaming houses and houses of ill-fame, and to seize and destroy all instruments and devices used for gaming, and to prohibit all mock auctions, gaming and fraudu- lent practices and devices and to regulate and restrain billiard tables and bowling alleys; third, to forbid and prevent the vending or other disposition of liquors and intoxicating drinks in viola- tion of the laws of this state, and to forbid the selling or giving to be drank any intoxicating or fermented liquors to any common drunkard, or to any child or young person, and to prohibit, restrain and regulate the sale of all goods, wares, and personal property at auction, except in cases of sales authorized by law, and to fix the fees to be paid by and to auctioneers : provided, that no person shall keep a saloon or other place except a drug store, where any spirituous, malt, brewed, fermented, vinous or intoxicating liquors are sold, or kept for sale, at wholesale, or at retail, in all that part of the city of ann arbor lying south and east of the following described line: beginning on fuller street at the city limits of said city and running thence westerly along fuller street to detroit street; thence southwesterly along detroit street to division street, thence south on division street and division street as extended south to the city limits south of said city of ann arbor; fourth, to prohibit, restrain and regulate all sports, exhibitions of natural or artificial curiosities, caravans of animals, theatrical exhibitions, circuses, or other public performances and exhibitions for money, except exhibitions of agricultural, educational charter of the said city, and to restrain and regulate the use of loco- motives, engines and cars upon any railroad within the city; eleventh, to prohibit or regulate bathing in any public water, or in any open or conspicuous place, or any indecent exposure of the person in the city; twelfth, to arrest and punish drunkards and per- sons found drunk in the streets, lanes, alleys or public places of said city, disorderly persons, vagrants, com- mon prostitutes, street walkers, mendicants, street beggars and persons soliciting alms and subscriptions for any purposes whatever; thirteenth, to establish and regulate one or more pounds, and to restrain and regulate the running at large of horses, cattle, swine and other animals, geese and poultry, and to authorize the impounding and sale of the same for the penalty incurred and the cost of keeping and impounding; fourteenth, to prevent and regulate the running at large of dogs, and to impose taxes on the owners of dogs, and to prevent dog fights in the city; fifteenth, to prohibit any person from bringing or depositing within the limits of said city any dead carcasses or other unwholesome or offensive sub- stances, and to require the removal or destruction thereof; and if any person shall have on his premises such substances or any putrid meats, fish, hides or skins of any kind, and shall neglect or refuse to re- move the same when ordered, to authorize the removal or destruction thereof, as a public nuisance, by some officer of the city; sixteenth, to compel all persons to keep sidewalks in front of premises owned or occupied by them, clear from snow, ice, dirt, wood or other obstruction; seventeenth, to regulate the ringing of bells and crying of goods and other commodities for sale at auction or otherwise, and to prevent disturbing noises in the streets; city of ann arbor eighteenth, to appoint and prescribe the powers and duties of watchmen, and the fines and penalties for their delinquencies; nineteenth, to prohibit, restrain or regulate with- in such parts of the city as they may deem expedient, and prescribe the building, rebuilding, enlarging, re- pairing or placing of wooden buildings therein; to regulate and establish the line upon which buildings may be erected upon any street, lane or alley in said city, and to compel such buildings to be erected upon such line, by fine upon the owner or builder thereof, not to exceed five hundred dollars; twentieth, to provide for obtaining, holding, regulating and managing burial grounds, within or without the city, when established for the benefit thereof; and to regulate the burial of the dead, and to compel the keeping and return of bills of mortality; twenty-first, to establish order and regulate mar- ket places, to regulate the vending of wood, hay, meat, vegetables, fruits, fish and provisions of all kinds, and prescribe the time and place of selling the same, and the fees to be paid by butchers for license; to prohibit the sale of unwholesome meat, poultry, fish, vegetables or other articles of food or provisions; impure, spur- ious or adulterated wine, spirituous liquors or beer, or knowingly keeping or offering the same for sale; and to provide for and regulate the inspection of ani- mals used for food and the slaughter of the same: provided, that nothing herein contained shall author- ize the common council to restrict in any way the sale of fresh and wholesome meats by the quarter within the limits of the city; twenty-second, to build or purchase water works plant for supplying the inhabitants with water for do- mestic use and for other purposes, and to borrow money and issue bonds for the payment thereof, and to pass ordinances for the management, regulation and protection of the same. city of ann arbor twenty-fourth, to regulate, license, and control hackmen, omnibusmen, porters, runners and all other soliciting passengers and others to ride in any hack, omnibus or carriage, or upon any railway, or to go to any hotel or other place, and to prevent said hack- men omnibusmen, porters and runners from entering within any railroad station, at such times as the com- mon council may determine; twenty-fifth, to make regulations for the lighting of the streets and alleys and the protection and safety of public lamps; twenty-sixth, to provide for and regulate the numbering of buildings upon the streets or alleys, and to compel the owners or occupants of buildings to affix numbers on the same; twenty-seventh, to prescribe the duties of all offi- cers appointed by the common council, and their com- pensation, and the penalty or penalties for failing to perform such duties, and to prescribe the bonds and sureties to be given by the officers of the city for the discharge of their duties, and the time and executing the same in cases not otherwise provided for by law; twenty-eighth, to provide for the cleansing and preserving of the salubrity of the waters of the huron river, or other streams within the limits of the city; to fill up all low ground or lots covered or partially covered with water, or to drain the same, as they may deem expedient; twenty-ninth, to prescribe and designate the stands for carriages of all kinds, which carry persons for hire, and carts and carters, and to prescribe the rates of fare and charges, and the stand or stands for wood, hay, and produce exposed for sale in said city; thirtieth, to provide for taking a census of the inhabitants of said city, whenever they may see fit, and to direct and regulate the same; charter of the thirty-fiest, to establish a grade for streets and sidewalks aud cause the sidewalks to be constructed in accordance with the same; thirty-second, to prescribe the duties of sealer of weights and measures and the penalty for using false weights and measures, and all the laws of this state in relation to the sealing of weights and measures shall apply to said city, except as herein otherwise provided; thirty-third, to direct and regulate the construc- tion of cellars, barns, private drains, sinks and priv- ies; to compel the owner or occupant to fill up, drain, cleanse, alter, relay or repair the same, or to cause the same to be done by some proper officer of the corporation, and to assess the expenses thereof on the lot or premises having such cellar, barn, drain, sink or privy thereon; thirty-fourth, to provide for the protection and care of poor persons and of paupers, and to prohibit and prevent all persons from bringing or sending to the city from any other place any pauper or any other person likely to become a charge upon said city, and to punish therefor; to provide by ordinance for the election or appointment of an overseer of the poor for the city, and to prescribe his duties and vest him with such authority as may be proper for the exercise of his duties, and to provide for the organization of a board of poor commissioners, who shall serve without compensation; thirty-fifth, to provide for and change the loca- tion and grade of street crossing of any railroad track, and to compel any railroad company or street railway company to raise or lower their railroad track to con- form to street grades, which may be established by the city from time to time, and to construct street cross- ings in such a manner as the council may require, and to keep them in repair; also to require and compel rail- road companies to keep flagmen or watchmen at all charter of the imprisonment may be in the common jail of the county of washtenaw, in the city lock-up or in the detroit house of correction. the fine, penalty or imprisonment, for the violation of any ordinance, shall be prescribed therein, and during such imprisonment all such offenders may be kept at hard labor. and they may also be kept at hard labor during all that time they are imprisoned in default of the payment of any fine imposed for the violation of such ordinance. sec. . on the day next after the passage of any ordinance, the clerk of the common council shall pre- sent the same to the mayor or other person perform- ing the duties of the mayor, for his approval. no ordinance shall be of any force without the written approval of the mayor or other person performing for the time being the duties of his office unless he omit to return it to the clerk of the common council with his objections thereto within ten days after its pre- sentation to him, in which case it shall be deemed regularly enacted. if after the return of the ordi- nance with the objections thereto, as aforesaid, the same shall be passed or re-enacted by a vote of two- thirds of all the members elect of the common council, the ordinance shall be deemed regularly enacted, and the time of its re-enactment shall be deemed to be the time of its passage. sec. . at the time of presenting any ordinance to the mayor for his approval, the clerk of the com- mon council shall certify thereon, and also in the journal or record of the proceedings of the council, the time when the same was presented, and shall also certify thereon, and in such journal, or record the time of the return of such ordinance, whether ap- proved or with objections, and shall at the next meet- ing of the common council report any ordinance re- turned with the [objections! objection thereto. sec. . no repealed ordinance shall be revived unless the whole or so much as is intended to be re- city of ann arbor vived shall be re-enacted. when any section of an ordinance is amended, the whole section as amended shall be re-enacted. sec. . all ordinances when approved by the mayor, or when regularly enacted, shall be imme- diately recorded by the clerk of the common council in a book to be called “the record of ordinances" and it shall be the duty of the mayor and clerk to authen- ticate the same by their official signatures upon such record. sec. . within one week after the approval of final passage of any ordinance the same shall be pub- lished in one or more newspapers printed and circu- lated within the city, and the clerk shall, immediately after such publication, enter on the record of ordi- nances in a blank space to be left for such purpose under the recorded ordinance, a certificate stating in what newspaper and of what date such publication was made and sign the same officially, and such cer- tificate shall be prima facie evidence that legal publi- cation of such ordinance has been made. sec. . in all courts having authority to hear, try, or determine any matter or cause arising under the ordinances of said city, and in all proceedings in said city relating to or arising under the ordinances, or any ordinance thereof, judicial notice shall be taken of the enactment, existence, provisions and continu- ing force of the ordinance of the city; and whenever it shall be necessary to prove any of the laws, regula- tions or ordinances of said city, or any resolution adopted by the common council, the same may be read in all courts of justice and in all the proceedings: first, from a record thereof kept by the city clerk in the record of ordinances; second, from a copy thereof, or of such record thereof, certified by the city clerk under the seal of the city; third, from any volume of ordinances purporting to have been written or printed by the authority of the council. city of ann arbor and all proceedings upon the trial of such cause, and the rendition of judgment and the execution thereof shall, except as otherwise provided by this act, be gov- erned by and conform as nearly as may be to the pro- visions of law relating to proceedings in criminal causes cognizable by [a] justice of the peace under the general laws of this state. sec. . the expenses of apprehending, examin- ing and committing offenders against any law of this state, in the said city and of their confinement, shall be audited and allowed and paid by the supervisors of the county of washtenaw, in the same manner as if such expenses had been incurred in any town of said county. sec. .* all actions against the city of ann arbor shall be commenced by summons, which shall be served upon the city clerk at least six days before the return thereof, by giving him a copy of said sum- mons with the name of the officer serving the same endorsed thereon; or in case of the absence of the said city clerk from the city, then by leaving such copy with the mayor, endorsed as aforesaid; pro- vided, that no suit shall be maintained against the city until the claim whereon the same is founded shall have been presented to the common council of said city, duly verified, at a regular meeting of the same, for allowance, and until after one regular meet- ing of the common council shall intervene; and, pro- vided further, that all claims for damages against the city growing out of the negligence or default of said city, or of any officer, or employe thereof, shall be pre- sented to the common council of said city, in the man- ner above provided, within days after such claim shall arise, and in default thereof shall thereafter be forever barred; and in any action in any court on any such claim, the claimant shall be required to show * as amended sept. , . charter of the that such claim has been duly presented in the manner in this act specified, to the common council of said city: and provided further, that no civil action shall be maintained against the city for damages or injur- ies to persons or property sustained in consequence of any street, highway, bridge, culvert, sidewalk or crosswalk being defective, out of repair, unsafe, dan- gerous or obstructive, unless that it appear that writ- ten notice of the particular defective, unsafe, dan- gerous or obstructed condition of such street, high- way, bridge, culvert, sidewalk or crosswalk was ac- tually given to the board of public works; and that there was a failure or neglect within a reasonable time after the giving of such notice to repair or re- move the defect, danger or obstruction complained of. sec. . in all suits in which the city of ann arbor shall be a party, or shall be interested, no in- habitant of said city shall be deemed incompetent as an officer, witness or juror, on account of his interest in the event of such suit or action; provided, such interest be such only as he has in common with the other inhabitants of said city; and provided further, that it shall not be necessary to pay or tender any fees to any witness subpænaed on the part of the city, but such witness shall be bound to attend, and shall be liable to attachment the same as if fees had been tendered or duly paid to him. the fees of witnesses shall be allowed by the common council on the certifi- cate of the justice or court before whom they ap- peared. sec. . in all trials before any justice of the peace of any person charged with a violation of any ordinance of the said city, either party shall be en- titled to a jury of six persons; and all the proceedings for the summoning of such jury and in the trial of the city of ann arbor cause shall be in conformity, as near as may be, with the mode of proceeding in similar cases before justices of the peace; and in all cases, civil and criminal, the right of appeal from the justice's court to the circuit court of washtenaw county shall be allowed, and the person appealing shall enter into a recognizance, con- ditioned to prosecute the appeal in the circuit court, and abide the order of the court therein, or such other recognizance as is or may be required by law in ap- peals from justices' courts in similar cases: provided, if any judgment in any action shall be rendered against the city by any justice of the peace, such judg- ment may be removed by appeal to the circuit court in the same manner and with the same effect as though the city were a natural person, except that no bond or recognizance to the adverse party shall be necessary to be executed on behalf of the said city. sec. .* all fines, forfeitures and penalties im- posed for the violation of any ordinance of said city, may, at the election of the city attorney, be sued for in the name of the said corporation, before any court of competent jurisdiction, in an action of assumpsit for money had and received, and in declaring in such action it shall be deemed sufficient to refer to the ordi- nance, claimed to have been violated, by its proper title and date of its passage. whenever any such ordi. nance shall impose a fine without imprisonment, or a fine or imprisonment, or both a fine and imprison- ment, action may be brought for the enforcement thereof, either under this section or under section number ninety-eight; but if under this section the said city shall be deemed to have waived all imprison- ment of the defendant. the form of the action, writ, time of return and manner of service thereof, the pleadings and all proceedings in the cause, including final writ of execution and discharge thereof, shall be, * as amended march , . charter of the and conform as near as may be to the action of as- sumpsit now in common use for the collection of debts and the enforcement of contracts between party and party. sec. . all fines, penalties or forfeitures recov- ered before any of said justices for a violation of the ordinances of said city shall, when collected, be paid into the city treasury; and each of said justices shall report, on oath, to the common council, on the first mondays of january, april, july and september, dur- ing the term for which he shall perform the duties of such justice, the number and name of every person against whom judgment shall have been rendered for such fine, penalty or forfeiture, and all moneys so re- ceived, or which may be in his hands, collected on such fine, penalty or forfeiture shall be paid into the city treasury on the first monday of the months above named, during the time such justice shall exercise the duties of said office, and for any neglect in this par- ticular he may be suspended or removed, as herein- before provided. sec. . all persons being habitual drunkards, destitute, and without any visible means of support, and who, being such habitual drunkards, shall aban- don, neglect, or refuse to aid in the support of their families, being complained of by such families, all able-bodied and sturdy beggars who may apply for alms or solicit charity, all persons wandering abroad, lodging in watch-houses, out-houses, market-places sheds, stables, or uninhabited dwellings, or in the open air, and not giving a good account of themselves, all common brawlers and disturbers of the public quiet, and all persons who beg from door to door or in the streets of said city, shall be deemed vagrants, and may, upon conviction before any justice of the peace in said city, be sentenced to confinement in the county jail of said county, the city lock-up, or [in] the house of correction in the city of detroit, for such time, not city of ann arbor exceeding sixty days, as the common council shall by ordinance prescribe. sec. . all persons who shall have actually abandoned their wives or children in said city, or may neglect to provide, according to their means, for their wives or children, are hereby declared to be disorderly persons, within the meaning of chapter fifty-five of the compiled laws of eighteen hundred and seventy-one, as amended, and may be proceeded against in the man- ner directed by said title; and it shall be the duty of the magistrate before whom any such person may be brought for examination, to judge and determine from the facts and circumstances of the case whether the conduct of said person amounts to such desertion, or neglect to provide for his wife or children. police sec. .* the common council of the said city may provide for the appointment by the board of po- lice commissioners for such numbers of policemen or employees as they may deem necessary for the good government of the city, and for the protection of the persons and property of the inhabitants; and may authorize the board of police commissioners to ap- point special policemen from time to time when, in the judgment of the board of police commissioners, the emergency or necessity may so require, and may pro- vide for and appoint subordinate officers for police and night watchmen. sec. .* the board of police commissioners ? may make and establish rules for the regulation and government of the police, prescribing and defining the powers and duties of policemen and employees, and shall prescribe and enforce such police regulations as will most effectually preserve the peace and order of the city, preserve the inhabitants from personal vio- * as amended april , . charter of the lence, and protect public and private property from destruction by fire and unlawful depredation. and the board of police commissioners may, whenever it shall deem it necessary for the preservation of peace and good order in the city, appoint and place on duty such number of temporary policemen as in its judg- ment the emergencies of the case may require; but such appointments, unless made in accordance with some ordinance or resolution of the common council, shall not continue longer than five days. sec. .* the chief of police, under the direction of the board of police commissioners, shall have the superintendence and direction of the policemen and employees, subject to such regulations as may be pre- scribed by the board of police commissioners. sec. .* it shall be the duty of the police and night watchmen and officers of the force, under the direction of the board of police commissioners and the chief of police, and in conformity with the ordin- ance of the city, to suppress all riots, disturbances and breaches of the peace, to apprehend any and all per- sons in the act of committing any offense against the laws of the state or any ordinance of the city, and to take the offender forthwith before the proper court or magistrate to be dealt with for the offense; to make complaint to the proper officers and magistrates of any person believed to be guilty of the violation of the ordinances of the city or the penal laws of the state, and at all times diligently and faithfully to enforce all such laws, ordinances and regulations for the preser- vation of good order and the public welfare as the council may ordain, and to serve all process issued under any city ordinance and directed to them for service, and for such purposes the chief of police and every policeman and night watchman shall have all the powers of constables and may arrest upon view * as amended april , . city of ann arbor and without process any person in the act of violating any ordinance of the city, or in the commission of any offense against the laws of the state. sec. .* the board of police commissioners may suspend or remove from office the chief of police, policeman or night watchman or any employee for mis- conduct or other cause at any time, as provided in sec- tion eighty-three of this act, as amended. when em- ployed in the performance of duty the policeman shall receive such compensation therefor from the city as the common council shall prescribe. cemeteries sec. . said city may acquire, hold, and own such cemetery or public burial place or places, either within or without the limits of the corporation as in the opinion of the common council shall be necessary for the public welfare and suitable for the convenience of the inhabitants. the common council may prohib- it the interment of the dead within the city, or may - limit such interments therein to such cemetery or bur- ial place as they may prescribe; and may cause any bodies buried within the city in violation of any rule or ordinance made in respect to such burials, or when public policy shall demand, to be taken up and buried elsewhere. sec. . the common council may, within the limitations in this act contained, raise and appropri- ate such sums as may be necessary for the purchase of cemetery grounds, and for the improvement, adorn- ment, protection, and care thereof. sec. . the common council may pass and en- force all ordinances necessary to carry into effect the provisions herein contained, and to control and regu- late such cemetery or burial place or improvement thereof, and to protect the same and the appurte- *as amended april nd, . charter of the nances thereof from injury, and to punish violations of any lawful orders and regulations. sec. . the common council shall have power also to pass all ordinances deemed necessary for the preservation and protection of any cemetery or burial place within the city, belonging or under the control of any church, religious society, corporation, company or association, and for the protection and preserva- tion of the tombs, monuments, and improvements therein and the appurtenances thereof. pounds sec. . the common council may provide and maintain one or more pounds within the city, and may appoint pound-masters, prescribe their powers and duties and fix their compensation, and may authorize the impounding of all animals, geese and other fowls found in the streets or otherwise at large or tied or staked in such streets for the purpose of grazing, con- trary to any ordinance of the city; and if there shall be no pound or pound-master, they may provide for the impounding of such animals, geese and fowls, by the city marshal in some suitable place under his im- mediate care and inspection, and may confer on him the powers and duties of pound-master. sec. . the common council may prescribe the fees for impounding, and the amount or rate of ex- penses for keeping, and the charges to be paid by the owner or keeper of the animals, geese and fowls, for the payment of such fees, expenses and charges, and for the penalties incurred, and may impose penalties for rescuing any animals or thing impounded. public buildings, grounds and parks sec. . said city may acquire, purchase and erect all such public buildings as may be required for city of ann arbor the use of the corporation, and may purchase, acquire, appropriate and own such real estate as may be neces- sary for public grounds, parks, markets, public build- ings, and all other purposes necessary or convenient for the public good, and the execution of the powers conferred by this act; and such buildings and grounds or any part thereof may be sold, leased, mortgaged and disposed of as occasion may require. sec. a.* all real estate now owned by the city of ann arbor and dedicated to park purposes, includ- ing all properties, buildings and improvements of every kind connected therewith, together with all property that may hereafter be acquired for park pur- poses, and all lawn extensions and shade trees, shall be under the exclusive control of five commissioners who shall be electors and actual residents of the said city and shall be known and designated as “the board of park commissioners of the city of ann arbor.” sec. b. the members of said board shall be appointed by the mayor of said city on the first mon- day of may of each year, or within a reasonable time thereafter, and in accordance with the provisions of section thirty-one of the charter of said city, relative to appointments by the mayor; the full term of each member shall be five years, from the first monday in may of the year in which he may be appointed and until his successor is appointed and qualified, except as hereinafter specially provided. whenever the term of office of any member shall expire, his successor shall be appointed by the mayor, as herein provided and his term of office shall date from the expiration of the term of office of the member whom he succeeds. the members of the said board shall devote all the time necessary to a proper discharge of the duties of their offices, and shall serve without pay. at the first meet- * sections a to k inclusive were added to the charter, may , . charter of the ing of the said board after the first monday in may of each year the member whose term of office shall soon- est expire shall be president of the board for that year. sec. c. immediately after this act shall take effect the mayor of said city shall appoint five mem- bers of said board who shall serve as follows: one until the first monday in may, nineteen hundred and six, and until his successor is appointed and qualified, one until the first monday in may, nineteen hundred seven, and until his successor is appointed and quali. fied, one until the first monday in may, nineteen hun. dred eight, and until his successor is appointed and qualified, one until the first monday in may, nineteen hundred nine, and until his successor is appointed and qualified, and one until the first monday in may, nineteen hundred ten, and until his successor is ap- pointed and qualified. sec. d. the common council shall provide an appropriation in its annual budget for the year nine- teen hundred five, for the care, maintenance, improve- ments, or extensions of parks. it shall be the duty of said board to prepare and submit to the common coun- cil for its ratification or amendment, on or before the first monday in june, each year, estimates for the care, maintenance, improvements or extensions of the said parks. such estimates shall specify in detail the objects of the expenditures, the sum desired for each and any special reasons the board may have for desir- ing the same. the amount of money which the com- mon council shall determine by resolution to be neces- sary shall be certified by the city clerk to the city assessor with the other amounts determined to be raised by tax for the city streets, sewers or other pur- poses in accordance with the provisions of the char- ter of the city of ann arbor. sec. e. the said board shall pay to the city treasurer all moneys received from any source relating city of ann arbor to said parks, who shall receive such money and place the same in a fund to be called the park fund. all expenses incurred by the board on account of the parks shall be passed upon by it, certified to by the president thereof, and filed with the city clerk who shall certify the same to the common council for payment, and in case the matter of expense involved is included in the annual budget, herein provided for, the common coun- cil shall order the payment of the same. in case the matter of expense is not therein included the common council shall take such action in relation thereto as it may deem proper. sec. f. no debt or liability of any kind shall be created by said board on account of parks in excess of the annual budget and money in said park fund unless specially authorized so to do by a majority elect of the common council. the said board may ac- cept donations or bequests of money or property which shall be used for the maintenance and improvements of said parks as contemplated by such donation or bequest. sec. g. said board shall have power to engage , or appoint all employees on the parks and fix their compensation. it shall have power to appoint a super- intendent of parks, who shall not be a member of said board, and fix his salary. such superintendent shall hold his position during the pleasure of said board. sec. h. said board shall have exclusive con- trol over all improvements in any of the said parks; also the construction of all buildings and the mainte- nance thereof within said parks, and the care and trimming of all shade trees within the said city. sec. i. the said board may make all needful rules and regulations for the management, mainte- nance and care of parks and regulate their use; and the common council of said city may provide ordi- nances for the observation of the same; and may also, charter of the in like manner, provide for the observation and en- forcement of any other rules and regulations duly made by the said board, under any provisions of this act; and said common council may by ordinance pro- vide for the preservation and protection of the parks and any of the property in charge of said board against any destruction or injury and prevent the destruction or injury to, or taking of any trees, shrubs, plants, flowers, or other things set out, planted or used by the said board in benefiting, improving or ornamenting the said parks and prevent any dis- order or disturbance on or about said parks or any encroachment thereon or any interference with the quiet and peaceful use and enjoyment of the same, for the purposes for which the same are established and maintained. the said ordinances may provide for the punishment of any breach or violation of any of their provisions by like penalty provided for viola- tions of ordinances of the said city. sec. j. the said board shall classify the vari- ous works under its control, and keep an accurate account of the cost of each, and of the amounts ex- pended for construction, repairs, superintendence and salaries of employees, and, also, detailed accounts of all other matters under its charge and control, and upon the second monday in may, in the year nineteen hundred six, and on the second monday in may in every year thereafter, and oftener if required by the common council, shall submit to it a statement, show- ing in detail, the progress and condition of all the pub- lic improvements commenced or carried forward by said board; the character and amounts of all contracts made by the board; the moneys earned and paid thereon, and all other information necessary to the full understanding of the business conducted by said board. sec. k. the city engineer shall perform such services as may be required by him by the said board; charter of the private drains are not constructed and maintained according to such requirements, the common council may cause the work to be done at the expense of such owner or occupant, and the amount of such expense shall be a lien upon the premises drained, and may be collected by special assessment to be levied thereon; the common council shall have the power to compel the use of dry earth closets by the owners and occu- pants of lots and premises, enforce the use of the same by ordinance, and provide by ordinance for the re- moval of the contents thereof. sec. . the owners or occupants of lots and premises shall have the right to connect the same at their own expense, by means of private drains, with the public sewers and drains, under such rules and regulations as the common council shall by ordinance prescribe. sec. . the common council may charge and collect annually from persons whose premises are connected by private drains with the public sewers such reasonable sum, not exceeding two dollars per year, as they may deem just, in proportion to the amount of drainage through such private drains, and such charges shall be a lien upon the premises, and may be collected by special assessment thereon, or otherwise. sec. . such part of the expenses of building sewers, providing ditches and improving water cours- es as the council shall determine, may be defrayed by special assessment upon the lands benefited thereby in proportion to such benefits. sec. a.* whenever the parties owning a ma- jority of the area of land in any proposed storm sewer district shall petition the common council to construct storm sewers in said district, it may order the im- provement made and assess the whole or any part of * sec. was added to the charter may , . charter of the sec. .* whenever the common council shall be applied to in writing by ten or more freeholders of said city to lay out, establish, open, widen, alter, straighten, or discontinue any way, street, common, lane, alley, highway or water course, or to build, es- tablish, or vacate any bridge, said common council, if they determine the proposed improvement advisable, shall give notice of the pendency of the question of ordering such proposed improvement to the owners, occupants, or persons interested, or his, her or their agent, or representative, by personal service, if they reside within said city; if they shall reside without said city, then said service shall be made by posting up notices in five or more public places in said city, which notice shall state the time and place when and where the common council will meet to consider the same, and shall designate to a common certainty the street, lane, common, alley, water course, or bridge proposed to be laid out, altered, opened, widened, es- tablished, discontinued, vacated, built or erected, which notice shall be posted at least ten days before the time of meeting. if, after hearing the persons in- terested, the common council shall determine to lay out, alter, widen or discontinue any such street, lane, alley, water course, or build, erect or vacate any such bridge, or other improvement, they shall proceed to obtain a release of the right of way for such proposed street, lane, way or alley, and of the damages accru- ing, if any, to any and all persons injuriously affected by such proposed improvement, by gift, compromise or purchase. if the common council shall be unable to agree with the persons interested and thus acquire the right of way and release of damages, they shall so declare by resolution, whereupon the said city of ann arbor may by right proceed under the general laws of this state and acquire such right of way and settle such question of damages by condemnation. * as amended march , . city of ann arbor sec. . when the damages or compensation aforesaid shall have been paid or tendered to the per. son entitled thereto, or an order on the city treasury for the amount of such damages shall have been exe- cuted and delivered or tendered to such person or persons, if known, and residents of said city, said com- mon council shall then give notice to the owner or occupant of the land through or over which any such highway, street, lane, alley or common, sidewalk, wat- ercourse or bridge shall have been laid out, altered, established or built, or if such owner or occupant shall not be known, or be non-resident, then by post- ing such notices in three public places in the ward or wards in which said property shall be situated, and require him, within such time as they shall deem rea- sonable, not less than thirty days after giving such notice, to remove his fence or fences; and in case the owner shall neglect or refuse to remove his fence or fences within the time specified in such notice, the said common council shall have full power and it shall be their duty to enter, with such aid and assist- ance as shall be necessary, upon the premises and re- move such fence or fences and open the above high- way, street, lane, alley, sidewalk or watercourse with- out delay after the time specified in such notice shall have expired : provided, that in the rural districts of said city no person shall be required to remove his fence or fences between the first day of may and the first day of november. sec. . no person shall be deemed to have gain- ed any title as against the city by lapse of time, to any street, lane, alley, common or public square here. tofore laid out or platted by the proprietors of said city, or any part thereof, by reason of encroachment or inclosure of the same. sec. .* the common council shall have power to assess and levy a tax to pay the expense of making, * as amended march , . charter of the sec. f. that after the common council sitting as such board of review shall have completed the re- view of any such special assessment roll, they shall so declare by resolution, whereupon at the next meeting of the common council the city clerk shall report the proceedings of the said board of review to the com- mon council, when the question shall be, "shall the special assessment roll be confirmed ?” which shall de- termine in the affirmative only by a majority vote of all the aldermen elect. when any such special as- sessment roll shall have been thus confirmed by the common council, it shall be final and conclusive, and shall from the date of such confirmation be and con- tinue a lien upon the respective lots or parcels of land assessed and set down therein, and shall be a charge against [the] person or persons to whom assessed un- til paid. sec. g. after the confirmation of any such special assessment roll, it shall be the duty of the city clerk to certify the said assessment roll, together with the resolution of confirmation, to the city assessor, who shall forthwith attach thereto his warrant direct- ed to the city treasurer commanding him to collect from all, each and every of the persons assessed in said special assessment roll, the sum and amount of money assessed to and set opposite his name therein, and in case any person named in said special assess- ment roll shall neglect or refuse to pay his assessment on demand, then to levy and collect the same by dis- tress and sale of goods and chattels of such person, and return such roll and warrant, together with his doings thereon, within sixty days from and after the date of such warrant. and within ten days after the expiration of the time above named for the collection of such taxes the treasurer shall return a list of such unpaid taxes to the common council, and the common council shall direct the city assessor to carry into his next assessment roll for state, county and school pur- city of ann arbor poses all such delinquent taxes so returned, with a penalty of ten cents on each dollar of the sum total of taxes assessed to each particular description of land, and which special assessment, together with the penalty, shall be carried out opposite to each such particular description of land in a column provided for that purpose, and all pro- visions of the law respecting the return and sale of property for the non-payment of taxes for state, coun- ty and township purposes shall apply to the return and sale of property for the next non-payment of any such special assessment: provided, that at any time after a special assessment has become payable, the same may be collected by suit in the name of the city, against the person assessed, in an action of assumpsit, in any court having jurisdiction of the amount. in every such action a declaration upon the common counts for money paid shall be sufficient. the special assessment roll and a certified order or resolution con. firming the same shall be prima facie evidence of the regularity of all the proceedings in making the as. sessment, and of the right of the city to recover judg- ment therefor. sec. h. the common council shall have power to assess and levy a tax to pay the expense of sprink- ling streets, lanes and alleys upon the lots, premises, lands and tenements of said city, which, in the opin- ion of the common council, are benefited by such sprinkling: provided, that no such sprinkling shall be done otherwise than by general tax, unless upon a petition signed by the owners of a majority of the front feet, of the property benefited by such sprink- ling. the common council shall have the power to pass all ordinances necessary for the carrying out of this provision: provided, that the procedure for the levy and collection of said tax or taxes shall conform as near as may be, to the provisions of the charter of the city of ann arbor, relative to the levy and collec- charter of the assessor and other officers from the valuation of such lot or premises to the date of the deed, inclusive, and of title in fee in the purchaser. sec. .* whenever any action shall have been maintained and judgment recovered against said city by any person on account of damages sustained by reason of any defective sidewalk, or opening in the same, occasioned by the wrong or negligence of the owner or occupant of the premises in front of which said sidewalk shall be, or by reason of said owner or occupant suffering any such sidewalk to become and be out of repair, so that the same shall not be in a condition reasonably safe and fit for travel, or on account of any excavation in the street by any gas, hydraulic or railroad company, and such owner, oc- cupant or company shall have been reasonably noti- fied of the pendency of any suit brought against said city to recover such damages, and shall have been re. quested to appear and defend such suit, the judg- ment, if any, recovered against said city on account of any such sidewalk being defective or out of re. pair, shall be conclusive evidence of the liability of such owner or occupant, or company, to such city, and as to the amount of damages, and the same may be recovered by the said city in an action for money paid for the use of said owner, occupant or company, or in any other form of action. board of public works sec. .* there shall be a board of public works, consisting of seven good and competent men who are electors, no two of whom shall be residents of the same ward. the members of such board shall be ar- pointed by the mayor, subject to the approval of il majority of the members elect of the common council, * as amended march , . † as amended may , . city of ann arbor and shall hold office for the term of five years and until their successors are appointed and qualify, the said term to commence on the fifteenth day of may: provided, that the three members of said board now in office shall continue in office for the term for which they were appointed, and until the members of said board provided for by this act shall have been appointed, qualified and shall enter upon their duties as members of said board. sec. .* the members of said board in addition to the three members now composing said board shall be appointed, one for the term of two years, one for the term of four years, and two for the term of five years from the fifteenth day of may, nineteen hun- dred five; and said mayor shall annually nominate to the common council on the first monday in may of each year, or as soon thereafter as may be, to suc: ceed the member or members of said board whose term of office shall expire upon the fifteenth day of may of such year, a member or members of such board for the term of five years. the members of said board shall at their first meeting after the fifteenth day of may of each year, or as soon thereafter as may be, elect one of the members thereof as president of said board, whose duties shall be to call meetings of said board whenever he deems it expedient so to do, or whenever requested in writing by two or more of the other members of said board, and to preside over the deliberations of said board. and the com- mon council shall at all times provide the said board with a suitable office room for its meetings and busi- ness uses, and supply record books, stationery and other things necessary for the transaction of the busi- ness in charge of said board, and provide for the pay- ment, in like manner, as other accounts against the city, of all necessary and lawful expenses incurred by said board. * as amended may , . charter of the sec. . all contracts made by said board shall be in the name of the city of ann arbor, shall first be approved, as to form, by the city attorney, shall be executed by the president and clerk of said board; and said board shall have direction of the perform- ance thereof. the board shall reserve the right in all contracts to determine all questions as to the proper performance of such contracts and as to the completion of the work specified therein; and in caso of the improper, dilatory, or imperfect performance thereof, to suspend work at any time and to order the partial reconstruction of the same if improperly done; to relet the work covered by said contract, or any unfinished portion thereof; or, by its employes, to take possession and complete the same, at the ex- pense of the contractor. it shall also have the right by proper provisions in all contracts, to retain a suf- ficient sum from the contract price to pay and dis- charge all debts incurred by the contractor for labor performed upon any public work, and upon the fail. ure of the contractor to pay the same, to make pay- ment thereof to the parties entitled thereto, and charge the amount so expended against the contract price. said board of public works is hereby author. ized to commence and prosecute, in the name of the city, any suits or proceedings for the recovery of damages for the breach of any such contract entered into by said board, or to enforce the performance of any such contract. sec. . said board shall have the power to ap- point, subject to the approval of the common council, a city engineer, who shall hold office during the pleasure of the said board, shall make all surveys re- quired for the laying out, construction, alteration, re- pair and improvement of streets, sewers, water-mains, cemeteries, parks, public grounds and buildings, and prepare all necessary plans, profiles and specifications therefor, and perform the civil engineering work of city of ann arbor said city of every description, as required by the com- mon council, the said board of public works, or any other lawful authority of said city. said engineer may, subject to the approval of the board of public works, appoint such assistants under him as are re- quired for the proper and prompt performance of his duties, and discharge such assistants at pleasure. said board shall also have the power to appoint suit- able persons who shall have personal supervision of the construction and repair of public buildings; and the said board shall appoint a street commissioner, who shall have charge of the grading, paving, im- proving, cleaning and care of the streets, sidewalks, alley's and public grounds, the construction of side- walks, and the cleaning and deepening [of] the ditch- es, drains and gutters, under the direction of said board of public works, who may remove the said street commissioner at pleasure, and may appoint such oth- er suborilinates is may be necessary to enable tho board to properly perform the duties devolving upon it. said board shall determine the compensation of said engineer and other appointees of said board, sub- ject to a change by a majority vote of all the members elect of the common council; and all other claims for the same, when certified by the board, shall be sub- mitted to the common council for allowance and pay- ment, in the same manner as other claims against the city. sec. . the said board shall classify the var. ious works under its control, and keep an accurate account of the cost of each, and of the amounts ex- pended for construction, repairs, superintendence, and salaries of employes, and, also, detailed accounts of all other matters under its charge and control, and upon the first monday of january of each year, and oftener if required by the common council, shall sub- mit to it a statement, showing in detail, the progress and condition of all the public improvements com- charter of the menced or carried forward by said board; the char- acter and amounts of all contracts made by the board; the moneys earned and paid thereon; and all other information necessary to the full understanding of the business conducted by said board. the board shall from time to time make estimates of the amounts earned and payable upon any contract for work done and materials furnished, and report the same to the common council; and thereupon it shall be the duty of the common council, without unreasonable delay, to order payment from the proper funds, of the amount so reported. sec. . the city engineer shall act as legal ad- viser of said board; and the city clerk shall be the clerk thereof; and shall keep a full record of its pro- ceedings, showing the vote of ayes and nays, of each member upon all orders, resolutions or recommenda- tions, which records shall be deemed to be public rec- ords, and shall at all times be open to the public in- spection; and a copy thereof published within five days after each session, in the official newspaper of the city, and the marshal with his deputies and police- men shall be at the service of the board in serving the sidewalk notices, and enforcing the ordinances relative to the repair of sidewalks. a majority of the board shall form a quorum for the transaction of business, but a majority of all members constituting said board shall be necessary to decide any questions before the same. the board shall have the power to make all such by-laws, rules and regulations as may be necessary or expedient for the conduct of its busi- ness, not inconsistent with the provisions of the char- ter and ordinances of the city. it shall have the power to fix the duties, and at any time, to suspend or discharge any of its appointees or employees, and appoint or employ others in their places (as to the said board the public interest may seem to require) except as otherwise provided in this act. city of ann arbor newed, enlarged, or kept in violation of any ordinance or regulation made for the prevention of fires, is here- by declared to be a nuisance, and may be removed by the direction of the board of fire commissioners. sec. . the officers, firemen, and employes of the department shall receive such compensation as the common council may prescribe; and during their term of service shall be exempt from serving on juries. the common council may provide suitable compensa- tion for an injury which any fireman may receive to his person or property in consequence of the perform- ance of his duty at any fire. sec. . the engineer in charge of the depart- ment at any fire, with the concurrence of the mayor or any two fire commissioners, may cause any build- ing to be pulled down or destroyed when deemed necessary, in order to arrest the progress of the fire, and no action shall be maintained against any person or against the city therefor; but if any person having an interest in the building shall apply to the common council within three months after the fire, for dam- ages or compensation for such building the common council shall pay him such compensation as may be just. they may ascertain such damage by agreement with the owner, or by the appraisal of the jury, to be selected in the same manner as in the case of juries to appraise damages for taking private property for public use; and the common council may cause the amount of any damages determined upon to be de- frayed by a special assessment upon the property which in their opinion was protected or benefited by the destruction of such building; but no damages shall be paid for the amount of any loss which would have probably occurred to such if it had not been pulled down or destroyed. sec. . the said fire department, its officers and men, with their engines and apparatus of all charter of the kinds, shall have the right of way going to any fire or in any highway, street or alley, over any and all vehicles of every kind, except those carrying the united states mail; and any person who shall refuse the right of way, or in any manner obstruct any fire apparatus, or any of said officers and men while in the performance of their duties, or shall drive over or cut any hose, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and liable to punishment for the same. it shall be lawful for said board to send an engine, with hose and appa- ratus, to the relief of any community in the vicinity of ann arbor. sec. . whenever a person or corporation shall be desirous of erecting or altering any building within the fire limits of said city, he, she or they shall make application at the office of the chief of the fire depart- ment for a permit for that purpose, and shall furnish for the examination of said chief a written statement of the proposed location, the dimensions, the manner of constructing the proposed building or alteration, the material to be used, the estimated cost, and the contract for completion. it shall be the duty of the chief, on receiving such application to inspect the location, and to fully examine the question of grant- ing such permit, and if he shall be satisfied that the building or alteration proposed will comply with the ordinances of the city; and the erection of the same will in any other respect be proper, he shall, subject to the approval of the board of fire commissioners, give such applicant a permit therefor, and such appli- cant shall pay to the chief the sum of one dollar, if the estimated cost of said building or alteration shall be less than one thousand dollars; two dollars if it shall be more than one thousand dollars and less than five thousand dollars, and for every additional one thousand dollars over five thousand dollars, the fur- ther sum of fifty cents. all money so received by the chief shall be paid by him into the city treasury at city of ann arbor least once a month, and a detailed statement thereof, giving the date when, and the name of the person from whom received, shall be filed in the office of the city clerk. sec. . it shall be the duty of the chief of the fire department to visit and inspect each building which may be in the course of erection, construction or alteration within the fire limits of said city, and to see that such house or building is being erected, con- structed or altered according to the provisions of the city ordinances and the permit so granted, and in a manner adapted for the security thereof against fires, and the safety of the occupants. his visits and in- spection may be repeated from time to time until sucli house or building is completed, when he shall, if re- quested, furnish the owner or [contractor] construc- tor with a certificate that said house or building is in all respects conformable to law and properly con- structed. sec. . it shall be the duty of the board of fire commissioners to cause the chief of the department to examine into the cause, circumstances and origin of all fires occurring in said city, by which any building, erection or valuable personal property shall be acci- dentally or unlawfully burned, destroyed or damaged, and to especially inquire and examine whether such fire was the result of carelessness or the act of [an] incendiary. the chief of the fire department may take the testimony of all persons supposed to be cogni- zant of any facts connected with such fire; said testi- mony shall be reduced to writing and shall be trans- mitted to the board of fire commissioners, together with a report by the chief of the fire department em- bodying his opinion in regard thereto. the chief oi the fire department shall also report to the chief of police, to the prosecuting attorney of washtenaw county and to the owners of property or other persons interested in the subject matter of such investigation, charter of the any facts or circumstances which he may have ascer- tained which shall in his opinion require attention from or by said officers or persons. the public health sec. .* there shall be a board of health in said city which shall consist of three members, one of whom shall be a competent physician; they shall be appointed by the mayor, by and with the consent of the common council, for the full term of three years; but the members shall be subject to classification in such manner that one term shall expire each year; one of the members of said board, in addition to the powers and duties incumbent upon him as a member of said board, shall be city health officer and shall exercise such powers and duties as shall be from time to time conferred upon him by said board of health and the common council of said city. said city health officer shall in all cases be a competent physician and the mayor shall designate which of the members of said board shall be city health officer, and such mem- ber of the board of health shall continue to discharge the duties of city health officer during the term for which he was appointed as a member of said board. such city health officer shall be executive officer of the board of health, shall perform such duties of in- spection as may be necessary for the information and guidance of said board and shall do the work of fumi- gating in all cases where it is necessary for it to be done within said city. the members of the said board of health shall receive such compensation as the com- mon council may allow. sec. . the said board shall have and possess all the powers given by the general statutes of this state to boards of health in townships, in addition to those herein particularly enumerated, except when * as amended march , . charter of the on board any person sick of malignant fever or pesti- lence or infectious disease, shall, within two hours after the arrival of such sick person, report the fact in writing, with the name of such person and the house or place where he was put down in the city, to the mayor or some member or officer of the board of health. sec. . any person who shall knowingly bring or procure, or cause to be brought into the city any property of any kind tainted or infected with any malignant fever or pestilential or infectious disease, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by fine and imprisonment. sec. . every keeper of an inn, boarding house or lodging house in the city, who shall have in his house at any time any sick traveler or stranger, shall report the fact and name of the person in writing. within six hours after his sickness becomes known, to the mayor or some other officer or member of the board of health; and every physician in the city shall report, under this head to one of the officers above named, the name, residence and disease of every pa- tient whom he shall have sick of any infectious or pestilential disease, within six hours after he shall have first visited such patient or discovered the infec- tious nature or the disease. the common council may provide by ordinance for the punishment of per- sons violating any of the provisions of this or the two preceding sections. sec. . all fines imposed under any ordinance passed under this title shall belong to the city, and when collected shall be paid into the treasury, and be devoted to the maintenance and support of the pest- house, or of any hospital hereafter established by the city. sec. . the common council shall have power to pass and enact such by-laws and ordinances as charter of the down the same or any part thereof within a reason.. able time, to be fixed by said order, or immediately, as the case may require, or may immediately, in case the order is not complied with, cause the same to be taken down at the expense of the city, on account of the owner of the premises, and assess the same on the land on which it stood. the order, if not immediate in its terms, may be served on any occupant of the premises or be published in the city papers, as the common council shall direct. sec. . the members of the board of health and the health officers shall receive such compensation for their services as may be allowed by the common council. finance and taxation sec. . the common council shall examine, settle and allow all accounts and demands properly, chargeable against the said city, as well of its officers as of other persons, and shall have authority to pro- vide means for the payment of the same, and for de- fraying the contingent expenses of the said city, sub- ject only to the limitation and restrictions in this act contained. the fiscal [year] shall commence on the first day of february in each year. sec. .* the common council shall have author- ity to assess, levy and collect taxes on all the real and personal estate taxable in said city, which tax shall be and remain a lien upon the property so assessed until the same shall be paid; provided, that the ag- gregate amount which the council may raise by gen- eral tax upon the taxable real and personal property for the purposes for which the several general funds are hereinafter constituted shall not, except as here- in otherwise provided, exceed in any one year three fourths of one per cent. on the assessed value * as amended october , . city of ann arbor of all the real and personal property in the city made taxable by law; and provided, further, that nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to prohibit the common council of said city from regulating by tax or otherwise the business of dealing in malt, spiritous or intoxicating liquors. sec. .* the common council shall designate by ordinance the general funds into which the general tax upon all the property of the city shall be divided and the amount to be raised by tax for each of the general funds shall be determined by the common council prior to the tax levy and no transfer shall be made from one fund to another except by a three- fourths vote of all the members of the common coun- cil elect. sec. . it shall be the duty of the city assessor, as soon as possible after entering upon the duties of his office, to ascertain the taxable property of the city, and the persons to whom it should be assessed and their residence, and on or before the second mon- day in june each year he shall make and complete an assessment roll for each and every ward in said city, upon which he shall set down the names of persons liable to be taxed for personal property in the city, and also a full description of the real property liable to be taxed therein. in making such rolls he shall be governed by the general laws of the state provid- ing for the assessment of property and the levy and collection of taxes thereon, and shall have all the powers conferred upon the supervisors of townships. sec. . on the tuesday next following the second monday in june in each year, the board of review, consisting of the assessor and the supervisors of the several wards, shall meet at the cemmon coun- cil room in said city, at which time the assessor shall submit to said board the several ward assessment rolls * as amended june , . io charter of the for the current year, as prepared by him, and the said board shall proceed to examine the same during such week, during at least six hours of each day thercof, in the same manner, and with the same powers as provided by general law. a majority of the meni. bers of said board shall constitute a quorum. the assessor shall be chairman of said board and the city clerk shall act as clerk thereof. whenever said board shall raise the valuation of personal property above that set forth in the written statement furnished by any person to the supervisor or assessor it shall be the duty of said board of review, on the request of the person whose valuation is so raised, to make and deliver to such person a written statement signed by the chairman of said board, setting forth the kinds with the value thereof of such personal property is has been added by said board to such valuation. sec. . the said board of review shall also meet at the common council room on the third mon- day in june, at nine o'clock in the forenoon, and con- tinue in open and public session during the day and the day following, and as much longer as may be necessary to complete the review of said assessment rolls, not to exceed four days in all, and not less than six hours each day, and at the request of any person whose property is assessed on said rolls, or of his agent, and on sufficient cause being shown, shall cor- rect the assessment in such manner as in their judg- ment will make the valuation thereof just and equal. to that end said board may examine on oath the per- son making such application, or any other person touching the matter. any member of said board may administer such oath. after said board shall com- plete the review of said rolls, a certificate to the effect that the same is the assessment roll for the ward therein named, for the year in which it has been pre- pared and approved by the board of review, shall be endorsed thereon, signed by the chairman and clerk city of ann arbor of said board, which certificate may be in the form as follows: "the board of review of the city of ann arbor certify that the within or annexed roll is the assessment roll of the...... ward of the city of ann arbor for the year — , as approved by said board. chairman... clerk........................ upon the completion of said rolls and their indorse- ment in the manner aforesaid, the same shall be con- clusively presumed by all courts and tribunals to be valid, and shall not be set aside except for causes pre- scribed by the general state law. the omission of such endorsement shall not affect the validity of such roll. sec. . for the purpose of equalization by the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw the said ward assessment rolls shall be deemed as id single roll; the valuation fixed and determined by said board shall be the valuation of the taxable prop- erty of the city of ann arbor as a unit, and the state, county and other taxes apportioned by said board shall be apportioned by said city and not to any ward thereof. sec. . whenever the common council shall deem it necessary to raise a greater sum in one year than provided for in section one hundred and seventy- one ( ) they shall give at least five days' notice in writing to be posted up in at least five public places in each ward in said city, which notice shall state the time and place of such meeting, and shall specify the objects and purposes for which the moneys proposed to be raised are to be expended, and when such meet- ing shall be assembled in pursuance of such notice the electors qualified to vote thereat by a ballot vote shall determine the amounts of money which shall be raised for the objects specified in the notice: pro- charter of the vided, that the aggregate amount of city taxes levied shall not in any one year exceed one per cent. of the valuation of the real and personal estate taxable within the limits of the city: [and] provided also. that no more than two such meetings shall be held in any calendar year. the polls at any such meeting shall be kept open at least six hours, and the common council shall appoint three of its members to act as inspectors. the city clerk shall be the clerk of such meeting and shall keep a poll list of the electors voting sec. . all state, county and school taxes in said city, and all city taxes which shall be raised by a general tax, shall be levied and collected, as near as may be, in the same manner as provided by the law for the assessment and collection of taxes by town- ship officers; and all proceedings for the return, sale and redemption of real estate for non-payment of taxes, shall be in conformity with the proceedings for the return sale and redemption of real estate as re- quired by the laws of this state. sec. . whenever the common council shall, authorize a tax to be levied for any special purpose, and which cannot be included in the assessment roll and collected and returned for non-payment, as pro- vided in the preceding section of this act, it shall be lawful for the common council to apportion such tax upon the property taxable for such purpose, accord- ing to the valuation contained in the then last assess- ment roll, and shall place the tax in a columin oppo- site the valuation of the property; and where such roll is completed, the city clerk shall make and deliver a copy thereof to the treasurer of said city, together with a warrant or warrants, signed by the mayor and city clerk, commanding such treasurer to collect from the several persons named in said roll, opposite their respective names, within a time in said warrant speci. city of ann arbor fied, not less than thirty days nor more than ninety days from the date thereof, together with a collection fee of one per cent, which said treasurer may add to each person's tax and collect therewith; and such warrant shall authorize the treasurer, in case any person named in said roll shall neglect or refuse to pay his tax, with the collection fee above provided, to levy the same by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of such person; and it shall be the duty of such treasurer to collect such taxes within the time specified in such warrant, or within such further time as the common council may by resolution direct, and deliver such roll and warrant to the city clerk; and if any person shall neglect or refuse to pay the tax imposed upon him, the treasurer may levy the same by distress and sale of goods and chattels of such per- son in the same manner as township treasurers, and if any of the taxes mentioned in said roll shall remain unpaid, and the treasurer shall be unable to collect the same from the person taxed, he shall make oui and deliver to the city clerk a full and perfect cops: from said roll of the description of the premises so taxed, and of the taxes thereon unpaid, and shall add thereto an affidavit, sworn to before an officer author- ized to administer oaths for general purposes, that the sums mentioned in such statement remain unpaid, and that he has not, upon diligent search and inquiry, been able to discover any goods or chattels belonging to the person taxed, whereupon he could levy the same. sec. . the common council may by ordinance provide for the collection of all taxes necessary to be raised, other than such as may be raised as provided in section one hundred and seventy-four (seventy- one ( )], and for the sale of any real estate for the non-payment of such tax, and for the redemption thereof: provided, that all the proceedings relative to the notice of sale, the manner of conducting the charter of the same and the time to redeem, shall be in conformity as near as may be to the provisions of law regulating the sale of lands delinquent [at] for state, county and township taxes. sec. .* on or before the first monday in june in each year the city clerk shall certify to the assessor of said city the aggregate of all sums of money which the common council require to be raised for the year for all city purposes by general taxation, upon all the taxable property of the whole city and it shall no longer be necessary to certify the appropriations made by the common council to the board of supervisors of the county of washtenaw. the assessor of said city shall levy upon all the taxable property of the city the aggregate amount of all such sums of money so certified by him, by the city clerk, to be raised for city purposes, placing the taxes in a column next adjoin- ing the column of valuation of property fixed by the board of review, and on or before the fifteenth day of july, the assessor shall deliver a certified copy of said assessment roll of the several wards, with the taxes entered therein as aforesaid, to the city treasurer, with his warrant for the collection of the tax thereon, annexed thereto. the warrant annexed to said tax rolls shall command the city treasurer to collect from the several persons named in said rolls the several sums set down in the column of city taxes, and such warrant shall authorize the city treasurer in case any person named in such rolls shall neglect or refuse to pay his, her or their tax with the fees for collec- tion to be added by said treasurer as hereinafter pro- vided, to levy the same by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of such person, as provided in the general tax laws of the state. the city treasurer shall immediately after the receipt of the several tax rolls, post up in the post-office in said city and * as amended april , . city of ann arbor in as many as ten of the most conspicuous places in each ward of said city, conspicuous hand-bills giving notice where the tax rolls can be seen, the taxes paid and receipt obtained therefor, at any time between nine o'clock in the forenoon and twelve o'clock noon, and from one o'clock until four o'clock in the after- noon, from the fifteenth day of july until the fifteenth day of august (sunday excepted) and the tax rolls shall be kept at the place mentioned in such hand- bills during the days and hours specified so that any person or persons can pay the tax or taxes assessed against him or them and obtain the treasur- er's receipt therefor. within one week after the fif- teenth day of august the treasurer shall return to the city assessor the rolls received from him for the collection of the city taxes with the several taxes paid plainly stamped or marked paid in the column next adjoining the column for such city taxes. the city assessor shall carry out in another column the city taxes remaining unpaid with five per cent. there- of added thereto, and shall include such taxes so carried out with such percentage added in the aggre- gate of taxes to be collected from the several persons on the said tax rolls. the assessor of said city shall on or before the first day of december, deliver to the city treasurer a copy of the corrected assessment rolls of the several wards with the taxes annexed to each valuation and aggregated in the last column thereof, the unpaid city taxes in one column, the school, li- brary and schoolhouse taxes in another column, the county taxes in another and the state taxes in an- other column and the warrant for the collection shall specify particularly the several amounts and pur- poses for which said taxes are to be paid into the city, county and school treasury respectively. sec. . to such assessment roll or tax list the assessor shall annex a warrant, under his hand, directed to the city treasurer, commanding him to charter of the collect from the several persons named in said roll the several sums mentioned in the last column of such roll opposite their respective names; and such warrant shall authorize the treasurer, in case any person named in such roll shall neglect or refuse to pay his tax, with the fees for collection to be added by said treasurer, as hereinafter provided, to levy the same by distress and sale of the goods and chattels of such person. sec. . the city treasurer shall, immediately after the receipt of the several tax rolls, post up in the post-office in said city, and in as many as ten of the most public places in each ward of said city, con- spicuous hand-bills, giving notice where the tax rolls can be seen, the taxes paid, and a receipt obtained therefor, at any time between nine o'clock in the fore- noon and twelve o'clock, noon, and from one o'clock until four o'clock in the afternoon, during the month of december (sundays and christmas excepted); and the tax rolls shall be kept in the place mentioned in such hand-bills during the days and hours above specified, so that any person or persons can pay the tax or taxes assessed against him or them, and obtain the treasurer's receipt therefor. sec. .* upon all taxes paid to the treasurer between the fifteenth day of july and the fifteenth day of august, he shall add one-half of one per cent. for collection fees; upon all taxes paid to the treas- urer during the month of december he shall add one- half of one per cent. for collection fees; upon all taxes collected by him during january he shall add one and a half per cent. for such collection fees; and upon ali taxes collected by him after january thirty-first he shall add two and a half per cent, for such collection fees, and collect such percentage with such tax in the same manner as he is authorized to collect the tax, * as amended april , . i charter of the ceed the aggregate taxes levied in such year for the payment of the same. all moneys collected for the use of the city shall be paid into the city treasury, and no moneys shall be paid from the treasury un- less it shall have been previously appropriated by the common council to the purpose for which it shall be drawn. the treasurer shall pay out no money except upon the written warrant of the mayor and city clerk, which warrant shall specify the fund from which the money is to be paid; provided, that school moneys shall be paid to the treasury of school district number one of the city of ann arbor upon the warrant of the president and secretary of said board. the common council may, at any regular meeting thereof, by resolution duly adopted by a ma- jority of all the members elect, authorize the issuing of bonds to the amount not exceeding three hundred thousand dollars outstanding at any one time, for the purpose of paving any alley, street or streets in such city, such bonds to run for a period not exceeding ten years from the date of their issue, and at a rate of interest not exceeding five per cent. per annum, and the common council for the purpose of carrying out this provision may pass such ordinance or ordi- nances as may be deemed necessary. miscellaneous sec. . the assessor and supervisor of each ward and city clerk shall at the time appointed in each year for the return of the several ward assess- ment rolls, make a list of persons to serve as petit jurors, and a list to serve as grand jurors for the ensuing year, of the qualifications and in the manner prescribed by law. sec. . any person who may be required to take any oath or affirmation, under or by virtue of any provision of this act, who shall, under such oathi city of ann arbor ini or affirmation, in any statement or affidavit, or other- wise, willfully swear falsely as to any material fact or matter, shall be deemed guilty of perjury. sec. . if any suit should be commenced against any person elected or appointed under this act to any office, for any act done or omitted to be done under such election or appointment, or against any person having done any thing or act by the com- mand of any such officer, and if final judgment be rendered in such suit whereby any such defendant shall be entitled to costs, he shall recover double costs in the manner defined by law. sec. . the common council of said city is hereby authorized and required to perform the same duties in and for said city as are by law imposed upon the township boards of the several townships of this state, in relation to school, school taxes, county and state taxes and state, district and county elec- tions; and the supervisors and assessors, justices of the peace and city clerk, and all other officers of said city, who are required to perform the duties of town- ship officers of this state, shall take the oath, give the bond, perform like duties, and receive the same pay and in the same manner and be subject to the same liabilities, as provided for the corresponding town- ship_officers, excepting as is otherwise provided in this act, or as may be provided by the ordinances of the common council. sec. . the ordinances now in force in the city of ann arbor shall remain in force until repealed altered or amended by the common council; and all property, rights, credits and effects of every kind, belonging to the city of ann arbor, shall be and re- main the property of the said city of ann arbor. sec. . all acts heretofore enacted in regard to the village of ann arbor, or the city of ann arbor, coming within the purview of this act, are hereby ordinances of the shall be levied or loan made for such purpose until the same shall have been authorized by a vote of the electors of said city, at a meeting to be convened pur- suant to notice given as in such cases by the charter of said city provided : and provided further, that no tax shall be levied or bonds issued until the legisla- ture now in session shall have appropriated the sum of fifty thousand dollars for said hospital. sec. . any loan negotiated for the purpose authorized in the preceding section, may be made pay- able in such installments and within such time not exceeding ten years from date thereof as the common council shall determine, and shall bear interest not exceeding four per cent per annum; and annually the common council may raise by tax as hereinbefore pro- vided, a sufficient sum to pay the next installment of said loan to become due, with the interest on all of said loan unpaid, which sum may be in addition to the tax said common council may levy without a vote of the electors of said city. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved march , . local acts, .--no. . an act to authorize and enable the city of ann arbor to build and construct a suitable building for a city hall, to purchase land therefor and to raise the money for such purpose by a tax and loan. the people of the state of michigan enact: section . the city of ann arbor is hereby authorized and empowered to build, construct and maintain a suitable building for a city hall, to pur. chase land therefor and to raise by tax or loan on the taxable property of the said city a sum of money city of ann arbor not exceeding thirty thousand dollars for such pur- pose. sec. . whenever the common council shall pro- pose to cause any such city hall building to be con- structed they shall so declare by resolution, specify- ing the sum of money purposed to be expended for that purpose, to be passed by at least a two-thirds vote of all the aldermen elect and shall cause such resolution to be entered in the record of their pro. ceedings, whereupon the common council may at the then or next regular meeting have power and author- ity to call a special meeting of the qualified electors of the city pursuant to the provisions of the charter, and shall submit to the said electors the questions of raising the money for such purpose by loan or other. wise. the vote of the said electors on such question shall be by ballot. the ballot shall be printed on white paper of equal length and width. the affirma. tive ballot shall have printed thereon the words "for the city hall loan-yes.” the negative ballots shal: have printed thereon the words “for the city hall loan-no.” the canvass of the vote and the deter- mination of the result of such election shall be in accordance with the provisions of the city charter: provided, however, that nothing in this act contained or in the city charter shall be construed to prevent the common council in its discretion to order the vote at such election and the question submitted to be voted on and determined by the use of the abbott voting machine. in the event of the use of the abbott voting machine all “no choice” votes shall be disre- garded and not counted. sec. . if the electors at said election shall vote to authorize the construction of such city hall build. ing then the common council shall have power and authority to issue and dispose of the bonds of the city of ann arbor in a sum not exceeding thirty thousand dollars for such purpose. the said bonds to be issued ordinances of the in such denominations and payable at such times and in such installments not exceeding thirty years and at a rate of interest not exceeding four per cent. per annum as the common council shall determine: pro- vided. that none of said bonds shall be sold or dis- posed of for less than par value. sec. . after the sale and disposition of the said bonds or any part thereof the common council shall have power and authority and it shall be the duty of the common council to include in each annual tax bill or budget a sum of money sufficient to pay and discharge any sum either of interest or principal which shall be due or become due on account of the said bonds during the year in which any such tax is raised and all such sums of money so to be levied and assessed shall be in addition to and in excess of the money authorized by law to be levied and raised for all other city purposes. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved february , . local acts, .—no. . an act to authorize the city of ann arbor to pur- chase the water-works plant, property, rights and franchises of the ann arbor water company and issue the bonds of the said city in payment there- for. the people of the state of michigan enact : section . the city of ann arbor may borrow money and issue the bonds of the said city therefor in any sum not exceeding four hundred and fifty thou- sand dollars for the purpose of purchasing the water- works plant, property, rights, business and franchises, and all appurtenances thereto, of the ann arbor water company. the common council of the said city of ann arbor city shall have power to fix the time and place of the payment of the principal and interest of the debt authorized by this act, and may authorize the issue of the bonds of the said city therefor in any sum not exceeding four hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and in such denominations as the said common coun- cil shall determine: provided, that the bonds auth- orized by this act shall not be sold for less than the par value thereof and the rate of interest thereon shall not exceed four per cent. per annum. sec. . before any money shall be borrowed, appropriated, raised or expended for the purchase of the said water-works plant, property, business, rights and franchises, the common council of the said city shall determine and agree with the ann arbor water company upon the sum to be paid the said water company by the said city, for the said water-works plant, property, business, rights and franchises, and all appurtenances thereto, as the fair value thereof, and the question of purchasing the said water-works plant at the sum so determined and agreed upon as the fair value thereof shall be submitted to the elec- tors of the said city at the next annual city election, or at a special election called for that purpose, and if a majority of the electors voting upon the said question shall vote to purchase the said water-works plant at the sum determined and agreed upon, then it shall be the duty of the said common council to authorize the issue of the bonds of the said city in the sum so determined, as the same shall be necessary, and to do all things necessary to consummate the purchase and transfer of the water-works plant, prop- erty, business, rights and franchises, and all appur- tenances thereto, of the ann arbor water company to the said city of ann arbor: provided, that should the said question be submitted to the electors of the said city at a special election, such election shall be conducted under the provisions of the charter of the i ordinances of the city of ann arbor relating to elections, except that nothing therein contained shall prevent the common council of the said city from authorizing the votes cast upon the said question, whether at an annual or special election, to be voted, registered and counted upon the abbott voting machine, and in the event of the use of the abbott voting machine no “no choice” votes shall be counted, but shall be regarded as not cast. sec. . the common council of the said city shall have the power, and it shall be their duty, to raise by tax upon the taxable property of the said city, such sum or sums as shall be sufficient, together with the surplus revenues from the operation of the said water-works, to pay the principal and interest upon the said bonds as the same shall become due and pay- able; and all taxes levied for this purpose shall be in excess and in addition to any sum or sums authorized to be levied under and by virtue of the charter of the said city for general purposes. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved february , . local acts, .—no. . an act to authorize and enable the city of ann ar- bor to build, construct and install a garbage cre- matory or plant, to purchase land, machinery and appurtenances therefor and to raise the money for such purpose by tax or loan. the people of the state of michigan enact: sec. . the city of ann arbor is hereby author- ized and empowered to build, construct and install a garbage crematory or plant, to purchase land, ma- chinery and appurtenances therefor and to raise by tax or loan on the taxable property of the said city a i ordinances of the stallation of such .garbage crematory or plant, then the common council shall have power and authority to issue and dispose of the bonds of the city of ann arbor in a sum not exceeding ten thousand dollars for such purpose; the said bonds to be issued in such denominations and payable at such times and in such installments, not exceeding thirty years, and at a rate of interest not exceeding four per cent. per an- num, as the common council shall determine: pro- vided, that none of the said bonds shall be sold or disposed of for less than par value. sec. . after the sale and disposition of said bonds, or any part thereof, the common council shall have power and authority, and it shall be the duty of the common council to include in each annual tax bill or budget a sum of money sufficient to pay and discharge any sum either of interest or principal, which shall be due or become due on account of the said bonds during the year in which any such tax is raised; and all such sums of money so to be levied and assessed shall be in addition to and in excess of the money authorized by law to be levied and raised for all other city purposes. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved may , . index to charter ................ g Ι absence page chief of police................ mayor .. president of the council. ....... .............. accounts (see claims) action against city, how commenced........ assessments, special, recovered by..... buildings, destroyed by fire commissioners, city not liable to....... ............ city, by what name to bring ....... claims, to be presented to council before bringing damages, from defective sidewalk, who liable to.. double costs, when may be recovered by.......... iii fines, city may recover by....................... officers, damages when subjected to............... iii acts of legislature city hall, construction of..... garbage crematory, construction of......... hospital, aid bonds, authorizing........ lighting, contract for street, relative to.... repeal, of former acts ............. sewers, construction of .......................... waterworks, purchase of ........................ additions to city plats, approval of....... affidavit claims, to be accompanied by........ ......... aldermen (see also common council) bondsmen or surety, cannot be......... compensation of ............ conservator of peace, as..... constables, under orders of.... council, member of ......... duties of ......................... election of ......... of, first in seventh ward..... eligibility to hold appointive office expulsion of .. inspector of elections oath of office................. personnel of year - . . iii ........... index to charter sec. € – ......... - . .. . ... .. . ... . ... .. . . ....................... ......... "err* *** *** ---- seis h aldermen-continued page registration, member of board of... review, when members of board of..... special meetings, may request calling of. notice to, of calling of......... vacancy, in office of...................... alleys control over, by council......... by board of public works...... encumbering, may be prevented... lighting, regulations for ..... opening, of ....... paving, expense of .... vacating of ....... vote necessary for... animals impounding of ...... fees for .... .................... rescuing of inspection of ........ running at large, prevention of..... slaughter of, regulation of......... ann arbor boundaries of incorporation of ...... name of legal...... suits, by, in what name.... annual reports city clerk, of....... park commissioners, of.... public works, board of........ treasurer, of ..., appeals justice court, from .... .................... - appropriations exhausted, when .......... clerk's duty concerning ............. council's action concerning. notice concerning ... excess of funds, when in... precede payment, must... vote, necessary on ...... aqueducts encumbering of ................................. arrests chief of police, powers of, in making ........ .... fires, at, for disobedience of orders...... general provisions relating to........ president of council, may order......... report of, by chief of police.......... ............ upon view, power to......... ......... - ....................... – ........ ...... iso - index to charter ................... ................ ioi ......... assessor—continued page sec. appropriations to be certified to... for parks certified to....... ............... d benefits, when to assess......... ob board of review, chairman of... to submit rolls to........ ioi certification of special rolls...... • c delivery of rolls to treasurer, when. duties of .... ................................. election of ..................... oath of .................. ... ............... iii petit jurors, to make list of.... poll, to make list for taxes... powers of ... salary of ...... ... sewers, duties in assessing ...... ........ ii term of ... warrant, force and effect of.. for general rolls – for special rolls.. g .................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . petekenis peeps tay yoe aapkepa * * ** ΙΔΙ k s attorney, city advisor of board of public works...... of board of park commissioners... of city officers ... of common council.......... appointment by mayor ............ when made ........ attendance at council meetings... contracts, to approve forms for. duties and qualifications of.... fines, to be sued for when....... oath of office......... removal of ..... salary of .. term of ..... ............................. m ...... ................................... auctioneers regulation of by council...... ........ auctions mock ....... regulation of by council.. ............. ........ - ballot boxes council to provide..... ......... .. ballots candidates' names to be on...... separate boxes, when to put in...... term, of office designated on, when... votes to be given by, at elections... to be put in proper box........... ........... • ordinances of the city of ann arbor relating to elections, except that nothing therein contained shall prevent the common council of the said city from authorizing the votes cast upon the said question, whether at an annual or special election, to be voted, registered and counted upon the abbott voting machine, and in the event of the use of the abbott voting machine no “no choice” votes shall be counted, but shall be regarded as not cast. sec. . the common council of the said city shall have the power, and it shall be their duty, to raise by tax upon the taxable property of the said city, such sum or sums as shall be sufficient, together with the surplus revenues from the operation of the said water-works, to pay the principal and interest upon the said bonds as the same shall become due and pay- able; and all taxes levied for this purpose shall be in excess and in addition to any sum or sums authorized to be levied under and by virtue of the charter of the said city for general purposes. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved february , . local acts, .—no. . an act to authorize and enable the city of ann ar- bor to build, construct and install a garbage cre- matory or plant, to purchase land, machinery and appurtenances therefor and to raise the money for such purpose by tax or loan. the people of the state of michigan enact: sec. . the city of ann arbor is hereby author- ized and empowered to build, construct and install a garbage crematory or plant, to purchase land, ma- chinery and appurtenances therefor and to raise by tax or loan on the taxable property of the said city a city of ann arbor i sum of money not exceeding ten thousand dollars for such purpose. sec. . whenever the common council shall pro- pose to cause any such garbage crematory or plant to be built, constructed and installed they shall so de- clare by resolution, specifying the sum of money pro- posed to be expended for that purpose, to be passed by at least a two-thirds vote of all the aldermen elect and shall cause such resolution to be entered in the record of their proceedings, whereupon the common council may, at the then or the next regular meeting, have power and authority to call a special meeting of the qualified electors of the city pursuant to the pro- visions of the charter, and shall submit to the said electors the question of raising the money for such purpose by loan or otherwise; and the common coun- cil may submit said question to said electors at any annual city or general election. the vote of said elec- tors on such question shall be by ballot. the ballot shall be printed on white paper of equal length and width. the affirmative ballott shall have printed thereon the words, “for the garbage crematory or plant loan-yes.” the negative ballots shall have printed thereon the words, “for the garbage crema- tory or plant loan-no.” the canvass of the vote and the determination of the result of such election shall be in accordance with the provisions of the city charter: provided, however, that nothing in this act contained, or in the city charter, shall be con- strued to prevent the common council, in its discre- tion, to order the vote at such election, and the ques- tion submitted to be voted on and determined by the use of the abbott voting machine. in the event of the use of the abbott voting machine all “no choice" votes shall be disregarded and not counted. sec. . if the electors at the said election shall vote to authorize the building, construction and in- i ordinances of the stallation of such garbage crematory or plant, then the common council shall have power and authority to issue and dispose of the bonds of the city of ann arbor in a sum not exceeding ten thousand dollars for such purpose; the said bonds to be issued in such denominations and payable at such times and in such installments, not exceeding thirty years, and at a rate of interest not exceeding four per cent. per an- num, as the common council shall determine: pro- vided, that none of the said bonds shall be sold or disposed of for less than par value. sec. . after the sale and disposition of said bonds, or any part thereof, the common council shall have power and authority, and it shall be the duty of the common council to include in each annual tax bill or budget a sum of money sufficient to pay and discharge any sum either of interest or principal, which shall be due or become due on account of the said bonds during the year in which any such tax is raised; and all such sums of money so to be levied and assessed shall be in addition to and in excess of the money authorized by law to be levied and raised for all other city purposes. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved may , . index to charter sec. ............................ ...... g . ....... i ........... .......... .......... i absence page chief of police............ ......... mayor ..... president of the council......... accounts (see claims) action against city, how commenced....... assessments, special, recovered by.......... buildings, destroyed by fire commissioners, city not liable to...... not able to................................. city, by what name to bring ........ claims, to be presented to council before bringing damages, from defective sidewalk, who liable to.. double costs, when may be recovered by.......... fines, city may recover by ....... ...... officers, damages when subjected to............... acts of legislature city hall, construction of........ ............. garbage crematory, construction of... hospital, aid bonds, authorizing... lighting, contract for street, relative to. .......... repeal, of former acts .... sewers, construction of.... waterworks, purchase of... additions to city plats, approval of... affidavit claims, to be accompanied by......... .......... aldermen (see also common council) bondsmen or surety, cannot be.... compensation of ........... conservator of peace, as....... constables, under orders of.... council, member of ....... duties of ...... election of ................. of, first in seventh ward. eligibility to hold appointive office.... expulsion of ....... inspector of elections ..... oath of office.......... personnel of year - .... ................ i is ............... ................ .................. ....connes ................ index to charter sec. page e 左右y . . – .......... - . . . ........................... . . aldermen—continued registration, member of board of.. review, when members of board of........ special meetings, may request calling of.. notice to, of calling of...... vacancy, in office of......................... alleys control over, by council........ by board of public works... encumbering, may be prevented.. lighting, regulations for .. opening, of .... paving, expense of ...... vacating of ........ vote necessary for.............. animals . impounding of .. fees for ................ rescuing of inspection of ...... running at large, prevention of slaughter of, regulation of.. ann arbor boundaries of incorporation of ........... name of legal....... suits, by, in what name..... annual reports city clerk, of..................... park commissioners, of.. public works, board of.. treasurer, of ........ appeals justice court, from .... ..... % so o ha s , ons ; – appropriations exhausted, when ..... clerk's duty concerning .. council's action concerning notice concerning . excess of funds, when in... precede payment, must........ vote, necessary on ........ aqueducts encumbering of .. arrests chief of police, powers of, in making ......... fires, at, for disobedience of orders....... general provisions relating to..... president of council, may order...... report of, by chief of police..... upon view, power to.... ............ - – index to charter ......... sec. d b c assessor-continued page appropriations to be certified to.. for parks certified to........ ....... benefits, when to assess.... board of review, chairman of... .. ioi to submit rolls to........ .. ioi certification of special rolls...... . delivery of rolls to treasurer, when.. ............... duties of .... election of ................. ......... oath of ......... ......... iii petit jurors, to make list of.... • i poll, to make list for taxes....... powers of ... salary of ..... sewers, duties in assessing. .... i term of ....... ........ warrant, force and effect of.. for general rolls ... for special rolls..... ................................... .............................. - g .......... k ................ attorney, city advisor of board of public works ....... of board of park commissioners .......... of city officers .... of common council....... appointment by mayor ........ when made .............. attendance at council meetings. contracts, to approve forms for. duties and qualifications of...... fines, to be sued for when....... oath of office.... removal of .. salary of ...... term of – auctioneers regulation of by council.......... ....... auctions mock ..... regulation of by council........ ........ ......... - В ballot boxes council to provide.... ........ ....... ballots candidates' names to be on........ separate boxes, when to put in..... term, of office designated on, when.... votes to be given by, at elections........ to be put in proper box... ***** index to charter page sec. ..... banks bond, required of....... certificate of cashier of... depository, of city funds.............. interest to be paid by..... treasurer, not responsible for money in.... barns regulation of by council.......... bathing prohibition of in public. ....... beggars regulation of, by ordinance.. ........... vagrants, are deemed as.... f bequests acceptance of by park commissioners............. bids advertisements for . report of to council., .... required when security, when required with... to councii.................... ................... ....... billiard tables license and regulation of ........ board of building inspectors - .. board of election commissioners - ....... ...... board of fire commissioners - .. apparatus, purchase of by... appointment of members of......... of members when made........ assistance to be commanded at fires.... building permits, to be approved by........ chief of fire department, nomination of. reports to ............. under direction of..... cisterns, construction of...... clerk of .... compensation of ......... fire companies, power to organize.. fire department, power to establish.. fire wardens, appointment of..... investigation into origin of fires.... oath of office................ organization of ....... relief to adjoining towns, may send ......... removal of buildings, boilers, etc. as nuisances.. of buildings at fires...... of members of...... rules and regulations by.... .................... . . – . . . ..... .... index to charter sec. ......... ..................... ...... .......... ............. page board of health - ... appointment of members of...... when made ................... cellars, unhealthy, abatement of.. ....... clerk of ......... compensation of .............. general powers of ........... hospital, establishment of...... infectious diseases, prevention of... infected property, destruction of. nuisances, abatement of.... number of members of ........... oath of office..................... removal of dangerous structures... removal of members of....... report by railroads, drivers, etc., to.. of inkeepers to........... of physicians to... term and qualifications of ........ board of park commissioners - .. account of expenses by..... appointment of members of....... attorney, city, legal advisor of... audit of all park expenses by....... bills certified by president of... when to be paid................. clerk of ................... debts or liabilities, not to be created by. donations or bequests to..... employees to be engaged by...... to fix compensation of... engineer, at disposal of....... estimates to be made to council by.. exclusive control of parks, shade trees, etc... over improvements and work......... president of ......... qualification of members of........... receipts of, payable into city treasury. removal of members of...... report of to council... annual to council.... rules and regulations by...... superintendent of parks appointed by. term of members of... of first members of.... board of public works - ... account of cost of each improvement.. additional duties imposed by council........... amount can expend, without council's consent. appointment of members by mayor.. confirmation of by council...... made when ...... attorney, city, legal advisor of...... j b k e e k f f g g k d a a b a j i'i i g b c - index to charter * sec. i – ............... .... o o o o ........... board of public works—continued page bids, advertisement for.... bond furnished with............ reported to council. ..... chief of police at service of...... city engineer, appointed by..... assistants of, approved by... claims audited and certified to.. classification of work by..... clerk of ............... contracts, authority to sue on. made by. ...... must be authorized by council... members cannot be interested in.... old, carried out............. rights to be reserved in....... elegibility of members for elective office.. employees, appointment and compensation of discharge of ...... general powers and duties of.... grades, changes in, recommended by..... improvements referred by council to....... estimated cost of reported..... oath of office of members of ............. organization of .............. plans and specifications prepared by.. plats of additions approved by.. proceedings to be recorded.... to be published........ qualifications of members of... quorum of ....... record of estimates to be kept...... regulations of ....... removal of members of.... repairs of streets and sidewalks reports to council, annual........ itemized of work done by board...... on progress of work.......... sidewalks, built or repaired by..... street commissioner, appointment of....... removal of .......................... superintendent of buildings, appointment... supplies, etc., provided by council....... surveys, records, etc., to be delivered to... term of office of members of....... vacancies, how filled....... work done by, when bids rejected......... when contractors fail......... board of registration books for, provided by council...... ........... charter elections, session preceding............ compensation of ....... certified by clerk ..... erasure of names made when............. correction of mistakes in...................... general elections, sessions preceding............... o o o o sts food + i ordinances of the stallation of such .garbage crematory or plant, then the common council shall have power and authority to issue and dispose of the bonds of the city of ann arbor in a sum not exceeding ten thousand dollars for such purpose; the said bonds to be issued in such denominations and payable at such times and in such installments, not exceeding thirty years, and at a rate of interest not exceeding four per cent. per an. num, as the common council shall determine: pro- vided, that none of the said bonds shall be sold or disposed of for less than par value. sec. . after the sale and disposition of said bonds, or any part thereof, the common council shall have power and authority, and it shall be the duty of the common council to include in each annual tax bill or budget a sum of money sufficient to pay and discharge any sum either of interest or principal, which shall be due or become due on account of the said bonds during the year in which any such tax is raised; and all such sums of money so to be levied and assessed shall be in addition to and in excess of the money authorized by law to be levied and raised for all other city purposes. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved may , . index to charter sec. ...... ..... ........................ g i a absence page chief of police......... mayor ..... .................. president of the council........ accounts (see claims) action against city, how commenced.......... assessments, special, recovered by ............. buildings, destroyed by fire commissioners, city not liable to................................. city, by what name to bring ........ ......... claims, to be presented to council before bringing damages, from defective sidewalk, who liable to.. double costs, when niay be recovered by .......... iii fines, city may recover by............. ........ officers, damages when subjected to...... acts of legislature city hall, construction of.... garbage crematory, construction of....... ....... hospital, aid bonds, authorizing....... ....... ... lighting, contract for street, relative to... repeal, of former acts . .............. iii sewers, construction of....... waterworks, purchase of....... additions to city plats, approval of........ ........ affidavit claims, to be accompanied by........ aldermen (see also common council) bondsmen or surety, cannot be... compensation of ........ conservator of peace, as....... constables, under orders of..... council, member of ...... ...................... duties of .... election of ........ of, first in seventh ward... eligibility to hold appointive office expulsion of .. inspector of elections .............. oath of office....................... personnel of year - .... i ...................... ii ........................... ................... index to charter .......... ............. sec. - ....... ....... v .......... ....... ................. é & se. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . a assessments page completion of, by assessor................. confirmation of by board of review... dangerous buildings, removal of... .. manner, of making ...... ioi notice, of increase of personal....... ΙΟΙ poll, levying of....... public health, expense of preservation of.... review of ........ - rolls for, assessor makes certificate attached to......... columns divided how..... completed when ..... ....... ioi contain what ........ delivery and return of.. equalization of by county five per cent added how. one for each ward.... special taxes. warrant attached to ..... ................ ..... - sidewalks for .. vote, necessary to impose.. assessments-special alleys, opening, or improving.. amount of, how determined.. buildings, destroyed at fires.. cellars, drains, privies, etc. ... collection of ...... .... confirmation of ........ districts for, how determined.. drains, private, building of...... use of ............. gutters, on property benefited.... local improvements, on property benefited.. manner of making of.... pavements on streets or alleys........ review of, by council....... rolls, certified to by city clerk...... confirmation of ...... preparation of ........... review of ....... special taxes ........ warrant attached to... sewers, general charter powers for... special act relating to.......... storm sewers, for........ streets, for improving..... tax roll, when put on general......... warrant, for ... assessor assessment rolls, preparation of july........ preparation of december...... preparation of special........... ........... preparation of street sprinkling rolls... when to be made.... ...... g f a b d-e g f b d-e g - ............... ................ i a g g h ........ ioi index to charter .................. page . .. .. .. . .... ioi ........... ioi sec. d h c ........... . assessor-continued appropriations to be certified to... for parks certified to...... benefits, when to assess....... board of review, chairman of.... to submit rolls to.. certification of special rolls.... delivery of rolls to treasurer, when. duties of ...... election of ............. oath of ...............-.i.it petit jurors, to make list of... poll, to make list for taxes.. powers of ..... salary of ... sewers, duties in assessing. term of .... warrant, force and effect of... for general rolls .. for special rolls.. ........... ........ ........... iii iio ...................... .... ......... ioi ......... ..... - g k ................ .................. attorney, city advisor of board of public works. of board of park commissioners...... of city officers .... of common council........ appointment by mayor ........ when made ................ attendance at council meetings... contracts, to approve forms for... duties and qualifications of.. fines, to be sued for when........ oath of office........... removal of .. salary of ....... term of .... ....... auctioneers regulation of by council. ........ auctions mock ...... regulation of by council. ...... ...................................... ......... - ballot boxes council to provide..... . ballots candidates' names to be on....... separate boxes, when to put in...... term, of office designated on, when... votes to be given by, at elections..... to be put in proper box........... ..... index to charter sec . . . . . . . . . banks page bond, required of.. certificate of cashier of.. depository, of city funds.... interest to be paid by....... treasurer, not responsible for money in...... barns regulation of by council... ......... bathing prohibition of in public....... beggars regulation of, by ordinance..... vagrants, are deemed as......................... bequests acceptance of by park commissioners............. bids advertisements for ...... report of to council............ required when ...................... security, when required with....... if j .................. com o of .......... ........ . billiard tables license and regulation of......... .......... board of building inspectors - .. board of election commissioners - board of fire commissioners - .. apparatus, purchase of by....... appointment of members of........ of members when made........... assistance to be commanded at fires... building permits, to be approved by.... chief of fire department, nomination of reports to ......... under direction of... cisterns, construction of .......... clerk of ..... compensation of ............ fire companies, power to organize... fire department, power to establish.. fire wardens, appointment of ... investigation into origin of fires...... oath of office...... organization of ................ relief to adjoining towns, may send... removal of buildings, boilers, etc. as nuisances of buildings at fires......... of members of....... rules and regulations by........... .......... .................. – .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. y...................... ................. city of ann arbor sum of money not exceeding ten thousand dollars for such purpose. sec. . whenever the common council shall pro- pose to cause any such garbage crematory or plant to be built, constructed and installed they shall so de- clare by resolution, specifying the sum of money pro- posed to be expended for that purpose, to be passed by at least a two-thirds vote of all the aldermen elect and shall cause such resolution to be entered in the record of their proceedings, whereupon the common council may, at the then or the next regular meeting, have power and authority to call a special meeting of the qualified electors of the city pursuant to the pro- visions of the charter, and shall submit to the said electors the question of raising the money for such purpose by loan or otherwise; and the common coun- cil may submit said question to said electors at any annual city or general election. the vote of said elec- tors on such question shall be by ballot. the ballot shall be printed on white paper of equal length and width. the affirmative ballott shall have printed thereon the words, “for the garbage crematory or plant loan-yes.” the negative ballots shall have printed thereon the words, “for the garbage crema- tory or plant loan-no." the canvass of the vote and the determination of the result of such election shall be in accordance with the provisions of the city charter: provided, however, that nothing in this act contained, or in the city charter, shall be con- strued to prevent the common council, in its discre- tion, to order the vote at such election, and the ques- tion submitted to be voted on and determined by the use of the abbott voting machine. in the event of the use of the abbott voting machine all “no choice” votes shall be disregarded and not counted. sec. . if the electors at the said election shall vote to authorize the building, construction and in- i ordinances of the stallation of such .garbage crematory or plant, then the common council shall have power and authority to issue and dispose of the bonds of the city of ann arbor in a sum not exceeding ten thousand dollars for such purpose; the said bonds to be issued in such denominations and payable at such times and in such installments, not exceeding thirty years, and at a rate of interest not exceeding four per cent. per an- num, as the common council shall determine: pro- vided, that none of the said bonds shall be sold or disposed of for less than par value. sec. . after the sale and disposition of said bonds, or any part thereof, the common council shall have power and authority, and it shall be the duty of the common council to include in each annual tax bill or budget a sum of money sufficient to pay and discharge any sum either of interest or principal, which shall be due or become due on account of the said bonds during the year in which any such tax is raised; and all such sums of money so to be levied and assessed shall be in addition to and in excess of the money authorized by law to be levied and raised for all other city purposes. this act is ordered to take immediate effect. approved may , . index to charter sec. g . iii absence page chief of police........ mayor ....... president of the council........ accounts (see claims) action against city, how commenced..................... assessments, special, recovered by....... buildings, destroyed by fire commissioners, city not liable to... ....... city, by what name to bring .............. claims, to be presented to council before bringing damages, from defective sidewalk, who liable to.. double costs, when may be recovered by..... fines, city may recover by............ ............... officers, damages when subjected to............... iii acts of legislature city hall, construction of....., garbage crematory, construction of... i hospital, aid bonds, authorizing....... lighting, contract for street, relative to to...... repeal, of former acts ... ............ iii sewers, construction of... .......... ii waterworks, purchase of... additions to city plats, approval of..... ........ affidavit claims, to be accompanied by......... aldermen (see also common council) bondsmen or surety, cannot be...... compensation of ..................... conservator of peace, as..... constables, under orders of... council, member of ....... duties of ......... election of ................ of, first in seventh ward........ eligibility to hold appointive office..... expulsion of ...... inspector of elections ..................... oath of office............................ personnel of year - ................ ............. ........ index to charter sec. ........... e .................... ............ u ii ................... . ... . .. .. .. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. aldermen—continued page registration, member of board of....... review, when members of board of....... special meetings, may request calling of... notice to, of calling of........ vacancy, in office of..... alleys control over, by council.... by board of public works ....... encumbering, may be prevented. ....... lighting, regulations for opening, of ....... paving, expense of .......... vacating of ........... vote necessary for....... animals impounding of ...... fees for ...... rescuing of ..... inspection of ........ running at large, prevention of.... slaughter of, regulation of....... ann arbor boundaries of ....... incorporation of ............... name of legal.......... suits, by, in what name..... annual reports city clerk, of......... park commissioners, of.... public works, board of treasurer, of ....... appeals justice court, from ......... ............. - appropriations exhausted, when ...... clerk's duty concerning. council's action concerning. notice concerning excess of funds, when in... precede payment, must......... vote, necessary on ........... aqueducts encumbering of . arrests chief of police, powers of, in making....... fires, at, for disobedience of orders........ general provisions relating to........ president of council, may order....... report of, by chief of police............. upon view, power to. .......... - i uutis, ui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; - ci . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . - index to charter sec. ... - ............. – -io a assessments page completion of, by assessor..................... .... ioc confirmation of by board of review.. .. dangerous buildings, removal of ..... .. manner, of making ............ ... ioi notice, of increase of personal.. ... ioi poll, levying of......... public health, expense of preservation of. review of ........... .........ioi- rolls for, assessor makes ... certificate attached to... · columns divided how... .... i completed when ..... ... ioi contain what ..... ... ioi delivery and return of....... equalization of by county. five per cent added how... one for each ward.... ... ioi special taxes ........ ......... ..... ..... warrant attached to .. sidewalks for .......... vote, necessary to impose.. assessments-special alleys, opening, or improving........... amount of, how determined..... buildings, destroyed at fires..... cellars, drains, privies, etc. ....... collection of ...... confirmation of ...... districts for, how determined... drains, private, building of......... use of .................. gutters, on property benefited.... local improvements, on property benefited manner of making of.... pavements on streets or alleys...... review of, by council..... rolls, certified to by city clerk confirmation of ............. preparation of ........ review of ......... special taxes ....... warrant attached to...... sewers, general charter powers for. special act relating to.......... storm sewers, for............... streets, for improving.... tax roll, when put on general....... warrant, for .............................. assessor assessment rolls, preparation of july........ preparation of december...... preparation of special..... preparation of street sprinkling rolls.... when to be made..... ioi g f a i b d-e g f b od-e g - .... ii i a g g b h index to charter sec. d b c ................ ioi . . . . . uulics ut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . assessor-continued page appropriations to be certified to.... for parks certified to...... benefits, when to assess...... board of review, chairman of.... to submit rolls to.......... ... ioi certification of special rolls.... delivery of rolls to treasurer, when duties of ....... election of .................... ....... oath of ............... ..... petit jurors, to make list of... ........ iio poll, to make list for taxes.. powers of .. ...... ioi salary of ..... .................... ...... sewers, duties in assessing..... ....................... ii term of ...... warrant, force and effect of.. for general rolls for special rolls... ................. iii ........ ...... - g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . k ................ attorney, city advisor of board of public works...... of board of park commissioners ......... of city officers ....... of common council..... appointment by mayor ........ when made ....... attendance at council meetings... contracts, to approve forms for.. duties and qualifications of...... fines, to be sued for when....... oath of office.................... removal of ... salary of .... term of ...... _ ........ auctioneers regulation of by council....... auctions mock regulation of by council..... ........ - ballot boxes council to provide..... ballots candidates' names to be on..... separate boxes, when to put in......... term, of office designated on, when.... votes to be given by, at elections.... to be put in proper box........ ***** index to charter sec. ........... - ............ ........ ............. page board of health - ... appointment of members of........ when made ........ cellars, unhealthy, abatement of... clerk of ....... compensation of ..... general powers of..., hospital, establishment of ..... infectious diseases, prevention of infected property, destruction of. nuisances, abatement of... number of members of.... oath of office........................ removal of dangerous structures..... removal of members of........ report by railroads, drivers, etc., to.... of inkeepers to.... .................. of physicians to........ term and qualifications of ...... board of park commissioners - .. account of expenses by... appointment of members of...... attorney, city, legal advisor of... audit of all park expenses by.. bills certified by president of ........ when to be paid........ clerk of ........................ debts or liabilities, not to be created by donations or bequests to..... .................. employees to be engaged by....... to fix compensation of..... engineer, at disposal of ....... estimates to be made to council by........ exclusive control of parks, shade trees, etc..... over improvements and work. president of ........... qualification of members of......... receipts of, payable into city treasury. removal of members of.... report of to council....... annual to council.... rules and regulations by..... superintendent of parks appointed by term of members of..... of first members of........ board of public works - ... account of cost of each improvement.. additional duties imposed by council.............. amount can expend, without council's consent appointment of members by mayor.. confirmation of by council... made when ...... attorney, city, legal advisor of.... j b k e i e e k f f g g k d a a a e rk............ . i j i' i g b . . . . . - . ............... index to charter page sec. ......... .................. ... – ...... sc ...... ...... board of public works—continued bids, advertisement for.... bond furnished with..... reported to council........ chief of police at service of.. city engineer, appointed by.. assistants of, approved by.. claims audited and certified to.... classification of work by...... clerk of ....... contracts, authority to sue on.... made by ......... must be authorized by council. members cannot be interested in. old, carried out...... rights to be reserved in.... elegibility of members for elective office. employees, appointment and compensation o discharge of ............. general powers and duties of ........ grades, changes in, recommended by.. improvements referred by council to. estimated cost of reported..... oath of office of members of ........ organization of ..... plans and specifications prepared by...... plats of additions approved by..... proceedings to be recorded........ to be published...... qualifications of members of...... quorum of ........... record of estimates to be kept..... regulations of ......... removal of members of........ repairs of streets and sidewalks.. reports to council, annual...... itemized of work done by board.. on progress of work....... sidewalks, built or repaired by..... street commissioner, appointment of......... removal of ....................... superintendent of buildings, appointment. supplies, etc., provided by council.... surveys, records, etc., to be delivered to term of office of members of..... vacancies, how filled.. work done by, when bids rejected. when contractors fail.......... so of oo oo oo of son sooo oo od . .... : . . s to . • board of registration books for, provided by council.... charter elections, session preceding....... compensation of ... certified by clerk .... erasure of names made when............ correction of mistakes in...... general elections, sessions preceding ....... o - index to charter ................. ................. board of registration-continued page members of, who are........... .... first, in seventh ward......... in precincts ....... notice of meeting of..... when unnecessary to print names in.... quorum in city board of.... ......... ......... in ward board of...... re-registration, when made.. sessions of board for..... rules and regulations governing... .................. vacancies filled by council..... vooooooooow nvo .......... ................... ioi ............... .......... ioi *** sellisy eireren elei ... ioi board of review assessment rolls submitted to... certificate attached to.... ..... corrected by .... ....... presumption of validity.o chairman and clerk of...... compensation of ..... certified to by clerk........ members of ........ notice of raise of personal valuation... . ioi oaths administered by...... · powers of ..... ioi public hearing by .... quorum of ......... sessions of, time when held......... i - special assessments, council meets as council confirms action of.... notice of meeting of........ time fixed for meeting of...... board of water commissioners - ... ............... pudiic nical dy ................... ........... ΙΟΙ ioi - f d d boilers nuisance, when declared a........ .................... regulations concerning .... . ......................... . bond ..... _ ... ...... iii approval of, by council............ bank, as city depository........... city officers prescribed by council... neglect to give vacates office. same as township officers..... filing of, with city clerk......... report of failure of......... with city treasurer.... new, required when ...... treasurer's, for collecting taxes... * real *** ... ........ bonds of city authorization of legislature necessary............. of electors necessary ..... city hall, for construction of.................. - countersigned by city clerk...... garbage crematory, for construction of........ - ......... index to charter sec. . ............... to .................. b c-g . ..lah i ..... – o rico city clerk page absence from council meeting of... accounts, audits all.... books of ....... filed with ..... report of to finance committee.. with treasurer ......... annual report of............ assessment rolls, certifies to general... certifies special district. duties relating to special.. ... – makes copy of when.... ballot boxes to be kept by... to be returned to ........ bond of, filed with treasurer.. bonds, countersigns .. registers ........ of city officers filed with.. books, complete set of to be kept. have charge of city's.......... of ordinances ....... of proceedings of council.. of proceedings of board of public works. to be deposited with.... to be open to inspection..... calls, special meetings of council...... cemetery deeds, signed by...... ......... certificates by, amount to be raised by tax. to assessment rolls........ to special assessment rolls. to claims of certain officers...... to election returns........ to ordinances, passage of...... to ordinances, publication of to park appropriations ....... to pay rolls..... certified copies of ordinances........ of records ................. clerk of all boards and committees ....... of board of fire commissioners... of board of public works.. of board of park commissioners..... of board of review.. .... ioi of common council....... of special elections.... clerk hire, amount of... comptroller, duties of... contracts, deposited with.. signs ................... council proceedings, to present to mayor... countersigns, bonds and deeds. ................. deputy, may appoint..... ............. documents to be kept by.... duties of ............. . – additional prescribed by council..., .... same as township clerk...... ...... - i g txo & ......... ............. k – ................ .......... - - index to charter sec. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . . . . i e . - ΙΙΟ d - . city clerk—continued page election of ....... estimates of expenses ... fees for licenses......... for building permits... files, all records of city..... new official bonds, when... oaths of officers..... official bonds ....... open to inspection. park bills. receipts for fees and fines.... veto messages ............. vouchers of treasurer. vouchers of city. ...... jurors, to make list of....... licenses registered with.......... fees for ................ mandamus, when lies against...... notice of elections................. of first election in seventh ward.. of meeting of board of review... of registration ..... of special elections.... of special council meetings... that funds are exhausted... te officials, of appointment or election .... oath of office .. administered by office hours of..... provided with .. officials to report to.... ordinances, certified copies presented to mayor ... publication certified recorded in book.... pay rolls, made by....... poll lists, deposited with.. powers of (see duties) purchasing agent, of city records all, filed with..... arrangement of .... certified copies of.... registers licenses ....... report of, annual........ ................ appropriations to treasurer..... ..... bills audited to finance committee..... council proceedings ........ council proceedings to contain what detailed statement to council........ estimated expenses to council...... exhausted funds to council......... fees on building permits........... liabilities and resources to council. monthly, to council........ procecdings of board of review....... ..... ....................... . . . f index to charter $ ...................... ........................ city clerk—continued page sec. veto to council..... report, neglect of officers failing to post bond. reports to from other officers.... from treasurer ............... salary of ......... seal of city kept by..... sealer of weights and measures..... .. summons served on......... ............ .. supervision over city property.. ...... - - taxes, amount to be raised certified. – may bid off lands sold for... ..... return of unpaid special....... ...... vacancy, in office of .............. ...... vouchers kept by ................ ........ - treasurer's filed with.... ......... warrant for special assessments. ......... warrants drawn on treasurer...... ........ – – – - when to refuse to draw......... ........ when void .............. ..... – city hall local act relating to.... construction of ........ . .. . .. .. .. ... ..... ... ...... ............................ city lockup imprisonment in vagrants sent to.. .......... - ....... - city treasurer (see treasurer) ................ claims allowed by council. ...... ........... – – - – – - audited by city clerk.... certified to under oath....... examined by finance committee.. filed with clerk...........: for buildings destroyed.. itemized before presentation..... must be presented before suit. reported to council............. warrants for payment of...... .............. ********* ............... clerk (see city clerk) clerk hire allowance for clerk and treasurer.... clerks of election appointment by whom.... duties of oath and qualifications of... paid how ..... ...................... index to charter sec. collection of taxes city taxes ........ state, county and school taxes.......... special taxes. ....... ....... s .. ...... .......................... combustibles inspection of places where kept.. regulation of storage of.. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . commissioner of highways council are ...... ........ commissioners of police (see police commission) committees appointment of ........ clerk of .................... duties of standing ...... president of council member of all....... tab e ............ d ...... f ............ a og a common council appointments, made by ........ appropriations, made how..... approval, by mayor of proceedings from overdrawn funds... for parks ....... how may provide for........ assessments local ..... confirm roll for ...... determine districts for ........ direct spreading on general rolls.. expense of health regulation proportion cost of ..... attendance attorney, city, legal advisor of... to attend all meetings of....... audit and acounts chargeable against city by. ballot boxes, to provide.......... board of review, when meet as.... procedure as ...... bonding, action necessary for ..... bonds, official, approval of ....... to require ................. when to require new....... bridges, building or vacating .... buildings, to buy, sell or erect... dangerous, to tear down..... may own outside city limits.. cemeteries, cared for by...... established by ...... protected by ....... regulations concerning ....... claims, audit ....... authority to settle all..................... - certified to by board of public works.......... certified to by park commission.............. ........ e e ii - ii - - € index to charter . . . . . . . ....... sec. i - ..... i . .............. ....... b ......... f common council-continued page for witness fees..... must be presented to, before suit... provide funds for payment of... reported by clerk...... clerk of council....... may impose further duties on... pro tem, when appointed........ committees, aldermen appointed on.. standing to be provided for ........ compensation for buildings destroyed. change that fixed by public works.. for firemen .. for injuries to firemen................... for services .... confirmation of appointed city officers........ appointments of board of public works appointments of fire commissioners.... chief of fire department.... city clerk to fill vacancy..... deputy clerk ......... members of board of health.... members of board of public works... members of park commission..... treasurer's successor, constables, may impose duties on... control over records, etc..... over park expenses............. depository for city funds, to designate........ to approve sureties of........ to prescribe conditions of contract....... dry earth closets, may provide for.. .... duties, same as imposed on township boards.... ..... iii elections, ballot boxes provided for.. .. polling places designated... results of, determined..... special, may order...... - special, notice of ...... .. special, to vote money... tie vote, how settled..... finances, control over ... fire commissioners, consent to purchases by...... .. funds, appropriations for prior to tax levy..... ΙΟΙ established by ordinance....... transfer of ........ ΙΟΙ garbage crematory, erection of.. general powers of.... - include those of township boards. highways, commissioners of..... investigations by ............. judge of election returns and qualifications of members ...... legislative authority vested in.... liquor dealers, power to tax... members of ............ compel attendance of..... i i .......... ** telas * * rrert ioi ......... .. iii .......... ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . index to charter page sec. ................... d ............. .... ioi h ... ................................ . . .... ....... assessor-continued appropriations to be certified to.... for parks certified to....... benefits, when to assess......... board of review, chairman of... to submit rolls to......... certification of special rolls....... delivery of rolls to treasurer, when. duties of .... election of ...................... oath of .................ii.iii.. petit jurors, to make list of..... poll, to make list for taxes.... powers of ...... salary of ....... sewers, duties in assessing..... term of ...... warrant, force and effect of.. for general rolls . for special rolls ... iii iii iio ................. .... . .. .. . ... .. . .. ... .... . ... . .. .. .. ... ......... ......... ii • - – g k .......................... attorney, city advisor of board of public works... of board of park commissioners..... of city officers .... of common council...... appointment by mayor ........ when made .............. attendance at council meetings.. contracts, to approve forms for. duties and qualifications of... fines, to be sued for when......... oath of office........ removal of .... salary of ........ term of ........ .................... ........... – ...... ......... ................................... auctioneers regulation of by council...... auctions mock regulation of by council....... ......... ....... - ballot boxes council to provide...... ........ • ballots candidates' names to be on....... separate boxes, when to put in...... term, of office designated on, when.. votes to be given by, at elections...... to be put in proper box... index to charter sec. – b ............. . o o o o o i board of public works—continued page bids, advertisement for... bond furnished with. reported to council...... chief of police at service of... city engineer, appointed by...... assistants of, approved by... claims audited and certified to... classification of work by......... clerk of ....... contracts, authority to sue on........ made by ........ must be authorized by council. members cannot be interested in old, carried out...., rights to be reserved in.... elegibility of members for elective office... employees, appointment and compensation of discharge of ....... general powers and duties of....... grades, changes in, recommended by.. improvements referred by council to... estimated cost of reported.. oath of office of members of...... organization of ............... plans and specifications prepared by.... plats of additions approved by.. proceedings to be recorded... to be published........ qualifications of members of.. quorum of .......... record of estimates to be kept..... regulations of .... removal of members of....... repairs of streets and sidewalks........ reports to council, annual..... itemized of work done by board. on progress of work........... sidewalks, built or repaired by..... street commissioner, appointment of...... removal of .......................... superintendent of buildings, appointment. supplies, etc., provided by council... surveys, records, etc., to be delivered to. term of office of members of......... vacancies, how filled.............. work done by, when bids rejected..... when contractors fail.. board of registration books for, provided by council... charter elections, session preceding............. compensation of ...... certified by clerk ....... erasure of names made when...... ............. – correction of mistakes in......... general elections, sessions preceding .............. ................... o o o & scott + ...... - index to charter sec. e............. easure .................... ..... b c-g .. .. ................... ......................... ::: ........ ks.... city clerk page absence from council meeting of accounts, audits all.... books of .......... filed with ...... report of to finance committee with treasurer ..... annual report of......... assessment rolls, certifies to general... certifies special district...... duties relating to special.. - makes copy of when..... ballot boxes to be kept by....... to be returned to ..... ................... bond of, filed with treasurer..... bonds, countersigns .. registers ....... of city officers filed with. books, complete set of to be kept. ............... - have charge of city's..... of ordinances ...................... of proceedings of council..... of proceedings of board of public works to be deposited with.... to be open to inspection..... calls, special meetings of council. ............. cemetery deeds, signed by.... ........ certificates by, amount to be raised by tax to assessment rolls......... to special assessment rolls... to claims of certain officers.... to election returns..... to ordinances, passage of...... to ordinances, publication of... to park appropriations to pay rolls........ ...................... certified copies of ordinances. of records .............. clerk of all boards and committees.. of board of fire commissioners.... of board of public works........... of board of park commissioners of board of review...... of common council.. ..... - of special elections...... clerk hire, amount of.... comptroller, duties of.... contracts, deposited with......... signs ...... council proceedings, to present to mayor.. countersigns, bonds and deeds......... deputy, may appoint.... documents to be kept by..... ............... duties of ........ .......... - additional prescribed by council....... ..... same as township clerk....... ........... -iii i g ............. d es............. k – ....................... ioi ....... ........................ - – index to charter sec. ....... .. - .......... ......... iio od ................. - ................. city clerk—continued page election of ..... estimates of expenses i.. ...... fees for licenses..... for building permits.... files, all records of city... new official bonds, when.... oaths of officers... official bonds ...... open to inspection....... park bills ......... receipts for fees and fines.. veto messages ..... vouchers of treasurer... vouchers of city... jurors, to make list of.. licenses registered with.. fees for ....... .............. mandamus, when lies against. notice of elections..... ..... of first election in seventh ward.... of meeting of board of review..... of registration ........... of special elections .......... of special council meetings.. that funds are exhausted.... to officials, of appointment or election. oath of office ..., administered by ...... office hours of... provided with .... officials to report to..... ordinances, certified copies of. presented to mayor..... publication certified .... recorded in book....... pay rolls, made by..... poll lists, deposited with... powers of (see duties) purchasing agent, of city. records all, filed with..... arrangement of ............... certified copies of............. registers licenses ................... report of, annual.......... appropriations to treasurer....... bills audited to finance committee. council proceedings ......... council proceedings to contain what. detailed statement to council estimated expenses to council.. exhausted funds to council........ fees on building permits.. liabilities and resources to council.. monthly, to council...... procecdings of board of review....... ...... f index to charter ...................... . . .. ... . .. . . ....... . ............ city clerk—continued page sec. veto to council...... report, neglect of officers failing to post bond. reports to from other officers.. from treasurer ..... salary of .......... seal of city kept by...... sealer of weights and measures..... summons served on........... supervision over city property...... ... – - taxes, amount to be raised certified.. ...... - – may bid off lands sold for... ....... return of unpaid special....... ...... vacancy, in office of..... vouchers kept by ..... ................ – - treasurer's filed with. ................ .......... warrant for special assessments. ............ warrants drawn on treasurer................ – – – – when to refuse to draw.. . when void ... ......... m ma ** "** graders *** permettent en city hall local act relating to..... construction of ..... . .. . . ... .. . .. .. .. . ... . ....... ... . .. ......... city lockup imprisonment in ........ .......... - vagrants sent to................................. - city treasurer (see treasurer) ............ claims allowed by council. ..... .............. – – – – – - audited by city clerk..... certified to under oath... examined by finance committee.. filed with clerk........ for buildings destroyed. ....... itemized before presentation.... must be presented before suit.... reported to council............. warrants for payment of...... ................. . . clerk (see city clerk) clerk hire allowance for clerk and treasurer... ........ clerks of election appointment by whom.... duties of .. oath and qualifications of ........ paid how .. ................... ........................ index to charter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................. ............................ - c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ii i debt contracted only after vote of electors............. deeds signed by clerk........ defaulter ineligible to office.... votes for void..... · vacates office ........ delinquent taxes collected how ...... deputy clerk clerk appoints ........ desertion ? wives and children..... ........ detroit house of correction sentences to .. ............. - disorderly houses restrained by ordinance.. disorderly persons arrest by chief of police.. power to . parks, found in .. who is deemed. disturbances meetings ....... streets .... ditches encumbering of .. dogs fights, power to prevent.. running at large...................... taxes on donations parks, for use of....... drains assessments for ....... . connecting with sewer...... fees for ......... construction of, ordered... expense of a lien.... encumbering .............. establishment of ...... low lands, council to provide for....... special tax for.... ordinance for control of. provisions for ................................... regulation of .. streets ......................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f ............................. - i i i - .. ............................ .................... index to charter ........... .......... bs少bbs四四四四 ​vooooooo Ö cow nvo .... .................. ioi .......... ......... ioi ...... .................... ........... ioi ...................... board of registration–continued page members of, who are..... first, in seventh ward.... in precincts ........ notice of meeting of....... when unnecessary to print names in.. quorum in city board of..... in ward board of.... re-registration, when made....... sessions of board for........... rules and regulations governing .. vacancies filled by council.......... board of review assessment rolls submitted to.. ioi certificate attached to....... corrected by .... presumption of validity.of.. ...... chairman and clerk of....... compensation of ..... certified to by clerk...... members of ........ ......... ioi notice of raise of personal valua .... ioi oaths administered by..... ..... powers of ............. public hearing by ..., quorum of ....... ............ ioi sessions of, time when held........ ...ioi- special assessments, council meets as... council confirms action of... notice of meeting of........ time fixed for meeting of... board of water commissioners - boilers nuisance, when declared a........ ........ regulations concerning ..... ........................ bond approval of, by council........ bank, as city depository......... city officers prescribed by council.. neglect to give vacates office.. same as township officers..... filing of, with city clerk..... report of failure of....... with city treasurer..... new, required when ........ treasurer's, for collecting taxes.... bonds of city authorization of legislature necessary... .. of electors necessary ....... .. city hall, for construction of..................iiÓ- countersigned by city clerk...................... garbage crematory, for construction of ........ - - e f d ...... ............ ................... index to charter sec. page ........ .... .. .. ... ...... ....... i i .................. - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bonds of city—continued pavements, for construction of... registered by city clerk... sewers, for construction of.. university hospital, in aid of... waterworks, purchase of .... bonfires regulation of ......... books and papers alteration of, or destruction punished.... delivery of to successors in office.. by city engineer.... deposited with city clerk.......... inspection, open to, by mayor.... open to, by any citizen...... boundaries city ................ wards .................... ......... – d bowling alleys regulation and licensing of......... bridges construction of by board of public works. control of, by council....... encumbering or fast driving over.... new, opening of...... vacating, by council. budget, annual appropriations for, limit of..., ....... made when ...... - for parks to be included....... when made by electors... certified to assessor by clerk.. city hall bonds due included in.. garbage crematory bonds due, included in. i paving bonds due included in.. waterworks bonds due included in.............. buildings certificate that they are properly built ............. dangerous, council's power over.. destruction of, to check fires......... erection or purchase of by city... . – . fire limits, power to establish. .... - inspection of, by fire wardens....... while being built.. line of, provisions for ........ nuisance when declared a...... numbering of ............ ...... park buildings, control over..... permits for erection of..... burial grounds (see cemeteries) ......... .......... .... .. ........ - – ......... h index to charter sec. ............. ............. b c-g ..... ....... t – . . . . . . . . city clerk page absence from council meeting of........ accounts, audits all... books of ..................... filed with ........... report of to finance committee. ...... with treasurer ..., annual report of....... ............ ........ assessment rolls, certifies to general. certifies special district. duties relating to special .. - makes copy of when.. .... ballot boxes to be kept by..... to be returned to .......... bond of, filed with treasurer.. bonds, countersigns ........... registers ...... of city officers filed with.... ................ books, complete set of to be kept. have charge of city's... of ordinances .... of proceedings of council.... of proceedings of board of public works to be deposited with.... to be open to inspection.... calls, special meetings of council. cemetery deeds, signed by......... certificates by, amount to be raised by ta tax......... to assessment rolls......... to special assessment rolls... to claims of certain officers.... ............. to election returns...... to ordinances, passage of..... to ordinances, publication of.. to park appropriations ........ to pay rolls.................... certified copies of ordinances...... of records ....... clerk of all boards and committees es.... of board of fire commissioners.... of board of public works. ....... of board of park commissioners... of board of review..... ........ ioi of common council... of special elections... clerk hire, amount of....., comptroller, duties of.... ...... contracts, deposited with.... signs ................ council proceedings, to present to mayor... countersigns, bonds and deeds ....... deputy, may appoint........ documents to be kept by..... duties of ...........:;:;.. ..... – additional prescribed by council. ......... ........ same as township clerk.................... - i i g d .................. k - ................ : : : . - - index to charter page ..... sec. - ............ e – ... ... i od - - city clerk—continued election of ....... estimates of expenses ......... fees for licenses.......... for building permits.. files, all records of city....... new official bonds, when....... oaths of officers.... official bonds ...... open to inspection..... park bills ....... receipts for fees and fines.. ........ veto messages ............... vouchers of treasurer.. vouchers of city......... jurors, to make list of. licenses registered with.... fees for ................ mandamus, when lies against.......... notice of elections...... of first election in seventh ward........ of meeting of board of review. .... of registration ......... of special elections....... of special council meetings... that. funds are exhausted..... to officials, of appointment or election. oath of office ..... administered by ... office hours of........ provided with .... officials to report to.... ordinances, certified copies of. presented to mayor.... publication certified . recorded in book.... pay rolls, made by.......... poll lists, deposited with... powers of (see duties ) purchasing agent, of city. records all, filed with.. arrangement of .. certified copies of... registers licenses ..... report of, annual...... appropriations to treasurer......... bills audited to finance committee..... council proceedings ....... council proceedings to contain what..... detailed statement to council.. estimated expenses to council... exhausted funds to council.. fees on building permits......... liabilities and resources to council. monthly, to council.................. procecdings of board of review.. ..... f index to charter ............... ........................... city clerk—continued page sec. veto to council..... report, neglect of officers failing to post bond. reports to from other officers.... from treasurer ............. salary of seal of city kept by..... sealer of weights and measures... summons served on............. ......... supervision over city property.... – taxes, amount to be raised certified.. – – may bid off lands sold for return of unpaid special..... vacancy, in office of.... vouchers kept by .................... ..... - – treasurer's filed with.... ....... warrant for special assessments. ...... warrants drawn on treasurer.............. . – – - - when to refuse to draw. ........... when void ....... ********* * • - .................... .............. ................................ city hall local act relating to.... construction of .... ......... city lockup imprisonment in vagrants sent to........ .. .. . .. .. . .. .. . . .. .. . .. .. . .. ......... - ........ - . ................. city treasurer (see treasurer) ce........ claims allowed by council. ..................... – – - – – - audited by city clerk..... certified to under oath.... .................. examined by finance committee filed with clerk......... for buildings destroyed. ..... itemized before presentation.... must be presented before suit.... reported to council............. warrants for payment of..... ............... clerk (see city clerk) clerk hire allowance for clerk and treasurer..... clerks of election appointment by whom.... duties of ..... ...................... oath and qualifications of. paid how . index to charter sec. collection of taxes page city taxes ..... ............... ... state, county and school taxes... special taxes ..., .... combustibles inspection of places where kept....... regulation of storage of......... commissioner of highways council are .... ......... commissioners of police (see police commission) committees appointment of ... clerk of ....... duties of standing ...... president of council member of all....... ............................... d ...................... ....................... f ......... a g a ......................... common council appointments, made by......... appropriations, made how...... approval, by mayor of proceedings of.. from overdrawn funds... for parks .....:::::' rni how may provide for... assessments local ......... confirm roll for ................ determine districts for ........ direct spreading on general rolls.. expense of health regulation.. proportion cost of ..... attendance ...... attorney, city, legal advisor of...... to attend all meetings of....., audit and acounts chargeable against city by. ballot boxes, to provide........ board of review, when meet as...... procedure as .............. bonding, action necessary for... bonds, official, approval of ...... to require ..... when to require new......... bridges, building or vacating ....... .......... buildings, to buy, sell or erect.. dangerous, to tear down..... may own outside city limits.. cemeteries, cared for by....... established by ...... protected by ... regulations concerning ........ claims, audit ....................... ......... authority to settle all........ certified to by board of public works.......... certified to by park commission.............. e ................... .................. ........ .. - - .............. ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - index to charter sec. to ................ iбi f common council-continued page for witness fees.... must be presented to, before suit.. provide funds for payment of... reported by clerk....... clerk of council.......... may impose further duties on... pro tem, when appointed....... committees, aldermen appointed on.. standing to be provided for....... compensation for buildings destroyed.... change that fixed by public works for firemen ......... for injuries to firemen....... for services .... confirmation of appointed city officers.. appointments of board of public works appointments of fire commissioners..... chief of fire department... city clerk to fill vacancy.......... deputy clerk ................ members of board of health... ........ members of board of public works. members of park commission. ........ treasurer's successor ........ constables, may impose duties on...... control over records, etc............. over park expenses.............. depository for city funds, to designate.. to approve sureties of ......, to prescribe conditions of contract.... dry earth closets, may provide for........ duties, same as imposed on township boards elections, ballot boxes provided for. polling places designated........ results of, determined..... special, may order...... - special, notice of ........ special, to vote money..... tie vote, how settled..... finances, control over ....... fire commissioners, consent to purchases by. funds, appropriations for prior to tax levy.. ........ ioi established by ordinance. .... transfer of ........ .......... ioi garbage crematory, erection of...... i.... ..... general powers of......... include those of township boards. highways, commissioners of.. investigations by ......... judge of election returns and qualifications of members ....... • legislative authority vested in... .. liquor dealers, power to tax.... . members of ............ . compel attendance of... le...... i ............ i - ............. ........ ioi .......... ........... iii . index to charter of elem ............ & esse && ..... ................ ................. coutumes cow common council-continued page sec omnibuses, regulation of..... ..... poor persons and paupers, provision of their care by....... ........ railroad crossings and use of railroad engines. – reservoirs, regulation of..... sextons ........... ......... sidewalks, streets, alleys, bridges, use of.... - slaughter houses, markets, stables, location of sports, regulation of........ street lighting, regulation of...... street numbers, regulation of...... taxi cabs, regulation of............ vice, prevention of............. watchmen, fines and duties of....... water supply, regulation of ...... weights and measures, regulation of... wells, regulation of...... precincts, divide wards into.... provide election inspectors for... provide registration books for.. president acting, appointed when.. ..... proceedings, to be published.. what to contain..... property, control over .......... public improvements, authorize contracts for.. bids reported to...... estimate of cost......... plans to be approved... referred to board of works quorum of ..... real estate, may acquire. ........ recommendations of mayor to.. of clerk to.................. registration to designate places for.. to fill vacancies on board.. removal of elective officers..... charges to be filed......... consent to removal appointive officers. investigation to be had.... - members board of public works... officers not filing bonds..... officers not filing new bonds....... their own appointees...... reports to, board of public works claims against city.......... clerk's detailed statement.. clerk's monthly ..... estimates by park board.. fines by justices.... liabilities by clerk... licenses granted ... marshal's ....... overdrawn funds .... treasurer's annual ....... treasurer's monthly ... the post od st ............ .................. to................. .......... s . .. . .. . .......... ................ u o co ........................ ......................... index to charter ........... i ..................... ............... common council-continued page sec. resignations to be made to..... rules of proceedure, to make....... salaries, to allow......... may increase when.... members of board of health. police, fixed by.......... iii seal of city, may alter ........... sewers and drains, certify to amount to be levied.. fees for connecting wit local act relating to......... may construct ........ ordinance relating to... power over ........ special assessment for.... sidewalks, to repair or build. spread tax for........ streets, power over ..... opening or vacating ... - sprinkling, to levy tax for storm sewers, to pass on.... a supervision of property by.... taxes, certify to assessor.. special, how levied...... tax levy, action necessary to increase.. limit of ........ veto of mayor ........................ passing over veto.............. .. vote, necessary to pass resolution..... . necessary to pass over veto......... - reconsidered at special meeting .......... transfer of funds.. ......... ioi two-thirds required ... .. – – - – water courses, changing......................... - – ........ h ................... ..... .. - ... compensation firemen ........: ;'. officers designated in charter. appointed by council........ park employees .... policemen g iii complaints violation of ordinances.. comptroller clerk is for city. . . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . condemnation land for public use... constables duties of election of .... fees of ........ marshal may act as when....... oath of office..... .......... ...... ......... - .................................. ........ index to charter page sec. ho constables-continued obey orders of mayor, etc..... powers of ..... removal of ............ may serve process under ordinances.. serve warrants .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... . contingent fund fees paid into...... interest paid into.... ............................. ....... contracts attorney to approve form of. ........ board of public works make when. clerk signs .............. keeps ....... council authorizes .... lighting of streets... old, carried out by board.. prosecution for breach of. water, may be made for.. work under, suspended....... corporate name city's ......... costs double allowed city officers......... ......... iii council (see common council) countersigns clerk, shall bonds, debts and transfers............ ............................. county taxes levied and collected ....... crosswalks encumbering of ...... powers of board of works relative to........ crying of goods ordinances may regulate............. ........ culverts assessments for ..... board of works has charge of.................... curbstones assessments for ....... ............... d damages buildings destroyed at fires........ sidewalks defective ................... street openings ... index to charter page fences removal of ........ in street opening cases........ sec. . . . . . . . . . y a field notes property of city..... finance council supervision over.. finance committee examine clerk's audit of bills. ...... .......... s i ...... ...... fines buildings not erected on established line.... chief of police collects ......... defacing or mutilating records ........ member of council, misdemeanor of...... non-attendance at council meetings.. ordinances, health, breach of... violation of ... violation of, go into city treasury...... railroad employees ... report of, to city council.. suit for ...... treasurer, all to be paid to.. too ........................... x . .. . .. .. .. . .. . firearms regulation of .. . . .. . .. .. . ... .. . ....... . .. .. oo fire companies organization of ....... i.... fire commissioners (see board of fire commissioners) fire department (see board of fire commissioners) fire engines chief of fire department in charge of .............. right of way, have. ............................. rules for care of...... fire limits buildings in ........ establishment of ........... .......... - – fires investigation into cause... removal of dangerous buildings...... buildings to check. firemen appointment of .. compensation of ..... ........... exempt from jury duty..... injuries to ..................................... fire wardens appointment and duties of....... ....... ia y....................... is index to charter fiscal year when terminates ....... page .......... sec. ........ ........................... ......... fish putrid ................... regulation of sale of..... flagmen required, when may be... forfeitures violation of ordinances.. fountains construction of ........ fowls fees for impounding..... impounding of ... ces .. . .. . .. .. . .. ..... . .. . .. .. . ............................ ............................. fruits regulation of sale of.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... funds amount in each determined when....... clerk reports credited to...... to show condition of on his books... estimates needed funds. condition of, report on... designated by ordinance..... exhausted, procedure when... ........... taxes, credited to....... ................. transfer of ...................... treasurer keeps account with all. warrants designate particular.. ..... drawn on particular........ void, drawn on exhausted. .... . . ... .. . ... . furnaces examination of ....... .......... ....... ' . gaming regulation of ....... ............ ...... garbage crematory authorization for building of.................. – gas light authorization for city use (local act no. ).... ii geese fees for impounding.... impounding of ..... running at large........ .......................... ................................ ... index to charter sec. ........................ ........ i – lights regulations of use of....... limits city liquors regulation of sale of.... of impure or adulterated. ....... lockup (see city lockup) low grounds drainage of ....... lumber yards location of ....., .......... – ....... ...... m ........................ . . . . . . . mandamus city clerk, when lies against......... ........ markets location of ....... regulation of ............................. owned, may be by city.............. marshall (see chief of police) mayor absence or disability of........ appointments by ...... made when ...... city clerk to fill vacancy....... health officer ..... inspectors of election in precincts...... marshal ........ members of board of fire commissioners members of board of health..... members of board of park commissioners members of board of public works new city treasurer when.... patrolmen ............................ temporary policemen .... vacancy board of public works.. vacancies in office..... approval of council proceedings...... of ordinances ...... attorney, city, require legal duties of.... authenticates record book of ordinances. calls special meetings of council....... chief of police, consents to leaving city..... designates acting ........ subject to direction of........... conservator of the peace, is a........ constable, to obey orders of.... duties of ...... by ordinance . election of ..... b - - ................ ..... ....... .............. ............... index to charter sec. ........................ . iii ........................ ....................... ........... ............. ............ ....................... - · officers—continued page compensation of • how increased ...... costs, double, when may recover.... defaulter, not eligible.... vacates office ............. elected, who deemed to be......... oath of office of....... powers of township officers have...... iii qualifications required ... removal from city or ward vacates office..... appointive or elective...... officers created by ordinance for not filing new bonds ..... does not exonerate from liability.... salaries of ....... vacate, by being a defaulter... by neglecting to file oath or bond..... offices creation of ... vacancy, by becoming a non-resident...... by not taking oath... by resignation ..... how filled ............................ official newspaper proceedings of council published in........ of board of public works in............ oils regulation of storage of.......... omnibuses regulation and licensing of......... ........ opening streets and alleys............. ......... - orders drawn on treasurer...... ......... ordinances actions against city under...... actions, choice of for enforcing.. amending, must re-enact whole section.... approval of ......... assessments, collecting special............ attendance at council meetings, to compel bonds may be required by....... paving, issue of........ burials, regulation or removal of bodies... cemeteries, regarding ..... preservation of ....... chief of police to enforce.......... closets, dry earth, relating to...... complaints under, made by police...... constables may serve papers........ prescribing duties of... – ii i ΙΙΟ index to charter ...................... ........... ............ .......... ...................... .... ioi onn ................ ...... ............. ......................... ...... ......... ordinances—continued page sec. conviction under ..... declaration in assumpsit for fines under. бi diseases, reporting malignant............ drains, relating to.... . – - drunkards, habitual, relating to..... .. duration of ......... .... iii effect, time of taking........ .. enforcement of ...... .. - - expenses arising under ....... fines imposed by, may be collected in assumpsit... for violation of, paid to city.. fires, prevention of........ regarding disobedience of orders at... fire department, relating to........ fire limits, establishing .... funds, designating general..... general powers, to enact......... health, preservation of......... imprisonment under, expense of.. where, may be directed... jail, use of under.... judicial notice of..... jury trial under.... lighting streets ...... mayor, approval of... prescribing new duties for ........ necessary to carry out powers or duties offices, creating new... old, remain in force....... .......... iii Ι Ι parks, relating to ... ... - – paving, relating to.......... penalties for violation of. ......... police, complaints for violation made by... iio force, providing for...... proof of, what constitutes in court...... prosecutions before justices... under ...... publication of ... public buildings, relating to....... punishment under ... records intrusted to custody of certain officers record, book of..... repealed, not revived without repassing.... revival of repeal. .... ..... style of ............. vagrants, relating to........ veto of, by mayor... passage over veto...... vote on, by yeas and nays. required to pass.......... required to pass over veto.. work house, relating to... i ......... ...... ....... b n % ....... ................... . . . .............. . ............. . . . . s................... . . to.. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . .. index to charter .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... ....... Р parks page sec. acquired by city..... appropriation for ... d bequests for ....... i f board of park commissioners in charge of..... a control, board have exclusive over improvements h council, over ..... police, over ........................ donations for ........ f expenses of ordinances relating to.... i reports on ...... j rules for ...... i park commissioners (see board of park commissioners) park fund establishment of ................. ...... e patrolmen (see policemen) paupers sent into city....... paving bonds for ........ streets .............. assessing expense of........ pay rolls certified by clerk.. pawnbrokerage regulation and licensing of... peace ordinance to preserve......... peddlers regulation and licensing of. penalties failure to perform duty...... neglect to turn over books .... to execute warrants.... ...... ordinances prescribe .... paid into city treasury........ weights and measures, using false.. perjury what deemed .......... permits building ......................... personal property · power to use, hold or dispose of.................. pest houses established and maintained....................... - – fines to go to........ ........ ...... ...... ......... index to charter sec. a h ...................... .......................... ..... ..... ................................ . ................................ petitions page opening streets and alleys... paving streets and alleys.. street sprinkling, for.......... storm sewers for .......... vacating streets and alleys..... physicians infectious diseases, to certify to...... to report .............. plats engineers, belong to city...... submitted to board before recording ........ police maintained and regulated....... provided for by council......... regulations beyond city limits.......... may be provided by council........ police commission appointed by ...... chief of police, appointed by. compensation of . number powers of .... qualifications .. removal of ...... report of ................ term of office....................... policemen arrests upon view, when... appointment of, by mayor ...... compensation of ...... complaints, made by ........... duties of, at fires...... council may prescribe....... under charter ..... marshal to have direction of... when designated as acting... powers of ............. same as constable.................... removal of ........ special, appointed by mayor..... suspension of ....... .................. temporary, appointed by mayor ................. police stations construction of ........... ......... poll lists elections, kept at..... poll tax power to impose.. polling places designated by council........ open when ....... ......................... iio - iii ................ ......... .................... - – - iii icinoval ............................ .... - ІЗІ s c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................... ........................... index to charter ..... – - – .................. poor page commissioners, power to establish.. overseer of, power to establish.... protection and care of.... porters regulation and licensing of...................... posting notices of elections ...... of elections to increase taxes...... ......... in street opening cases.......... of tax collection......................... - poultry running at large............................... – sale of unwholesome............................ pounds stablishment and regulation of.................. – pound masters appointment and duties of....... fees of, regulated by council....... precincts division of ward into................. inspectors of election in..... registration and election in...... president of common council absence of .......... ........... bondsman or surety, cannot be.. committees appoints .... member of all...... council, calls special meetings of.. presides over ... preserves order in... member of .................. election of ................... from - ...... ineligible to paid appointive office mayor, when acting.. oath of office..... vacancy in office......... votes on all questions.... privies ordinance relative to.... ......... regulation of .............. ....... - property control of council over... ............. rights remain in city... prostitutes punishment of provisions regulation of sale of.... ....... ....... .... .. ...................... • .. ........... ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s u бо index to charter sec. ......................... sale, etc............. public buildings construction of ... power of council over, sale, etc............ public grounds control of by council.... power of council over, sale, etc....... (see parks) publication board of public works proceedings... council, proceedings of ......... election notices ...... order to tear down buildings.. ordinances ....... treasurer's report ..... public health (see board of public health) pumps establishment of public............... ......... purchases materials, etc., by clerk........ ............ ..... ..... ..... e ............................. n............................ qualifications electors ..... inspectors of election. officers .......................... quorum board of registration, city... in wards ...................... board of review .....: board of public works........... council ..................... ...................... d al cview ......................... ............. r racing prevented in streets........... ....... railroads flagmen may be required....... lights may be required at crossings........ regulation of by council. ......... of speed of trains................. of stations .................... reports infectious diseases...... routes and grades determined.... street crossing grades fixed... real estate acquired by city.............. control of ........... held, purchased or conveyed... sale, vote necessary for........ taxation of b girone c #tone ................................... index to charter ....... ........... • - .. i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . seal page city, may have and alter.. corporate, city clerk to keep.. sealer of weights and measures city clerk to be.. ......... duties prescribed by council..... sewers act of legislature authorizing........ .... ii assessment for .... ... expense defrayed by special...... ............... local, for ...........: ..... - construction of, under special act.... - council's power ... board of public works to direct... drains, private connected with... charges for connecting with.... private property taken for...... regulation and protection of...... sextons regulations relating to ......... .............. shade trees control over by council....... board of park commissioners has exclusive..... trimming and care of........ ...... sheriff custody of .... shops location of ..................................... sidewalks assessment expense of building or repairing ....... local for .... construction or repair of.... failure to ...... damages for defective. ....... encumbering of, to prevent.. grade to be established by council. obstructions removed .......... snow, to be kept clean of..... supervision of ........... skins prohibiting keeping of putrid.......... slaughter houses location of ... ............ - regulation of ................................... a h ................. ....... .................. – ..................... – snow removal of from sidewalk......... ...................... - ' soap factories regulation of ....... ses....... .......................... ..... . index to charter $....................... ............... ....................... .... ... .... ..................... . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . ... . .. . .. . .. .. . i k s .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. ........................... iii ............... ............ ioi street commissioner page sec. appointment of ...... attends council meetings.... bond of ...... compensation of ....... contract, not to be interested in city....... duties of ...... office, not to hold when.... removal of ................................... street walkers punishment of .... suits city, against ........... by, for damage judgments................. by board of public works... officers, against .. (see actions) summons city, against, how and on whom served ............ superintendent of parks appointment may be made..... .......... g supervisors board of registration, on.. board of review, on.... board of supervisors, on. compensation of ............. duties of ............... election of ...... inspector of elections... chairman of . members of board of - oath of office. ... petit jurors, makes list of. term of ... supervisors, board of audits criminal expenses under state laws... appropriations not to be certified to.......... taxes, certify to..... equalized by .. support of poor regulations for ..... sureties aldermen cannot be when........ penalty for being ........ approved by council.... new, may be required..... resignation does not relieve. ....... treasurer's not responsible for money in bank...... swine running at large... ......... ........ . . .. . .. .. ... . .. . .. .. . . ... iio ............................. ... ... ........... ............. index to charter t sec. .... ioo - - .................. ......... ................. .......... ......... facts a # k % istresse ...... . d ............ .............. ii xo taxes page account of, kept by treasurer........ additional amount of... amount raised reported to treasurer...... ... authority to levy them...... collection of by treasurer.. time when made. collection fee, part of. delinquent, return to..... .. divided among general funds. dog, may be levied. lien on property ........... limit of .................... .. liquor dealers .................... local improvements for ........ manner of levying and collecting ........ meetings to vote........... on garbage crematory... ordered by council by two-thirds vote.... parks for ....... paving for .. on petition of property owners..... power to assess and levy ................ publication of notices........ sewers for ........ sidewalks for .............. special ........ special assessment districts ....... sprinkling streets voted by people....... limit of ...... warrant for collection of... .. - tax rolls delivered to treasurer... .... notice of, to people........ – returned to assessor when..... sewers for .......... sidewalk taxes placed on............ special, how made ............. special assessments for ......... term of office officers appointive ............................... elective ........... theatrical exhibitions regulation of ..., three-fourths vote necessary when ...... tie vote election decided how.............................. title streets, lanes and alleys, to....... adverse cannot be acquired against city........ g h – ..................i ..... . – . . . . . b . ........................ ons index to charter sec. ............... .......... treasurer, city-continued page warrants paid by......... void when fund exhausted. ....... warrant for collecting taxes... trial ordinance cases in....... ......... two-thirds vote necessary when ........ to remove officer ........ to pass over veto......... . - to call city hall election..... ..... to call garbage crematory election.... . . . ............ undertakers regulation of .... ..... – . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. . . vacancies ballots, how designated on.. board of registration, filled how.... declaration of, by council...... elective offices, how and when filled.. inspectors of election filled how...... mayor ....... removal from city or ward creates.... vacting streets or alleys........ ............. – vagrants imprisoned may be.... punished may be... vegetables regulation of sale of.... vehicles regulation of ......... veto council proceedings of. ordinances of ............................. vice ordinance to prevent... votes clerk to make certificates of results..... council to canvas...... to declare and certify......... inspectors to canvas.... to file statement of with clerk... precinct, where received .......... void for defaulter...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . index to charter sec. .................... ..... .......... ......... g w wards page boundaries of, in city of ann arbor .............. division of, into precincts...... warrant justice in ordinance cases.... special assessment roll attached to..... made by clerk, when... taxes, for collection of... warrants, city contain what ..... designate fund drawn on...... drawn by clerk on treasurer... filed with clerk when paid....... school moneys for...... total of, not to exceed taxes.. treasurer cancels ........ pays ... watchmen night, appointment of.... powers and duties of... railroad crossings at.... water waste of ........ ......... water courses changing of ..... ... ... . water pipes laying of ............ waterworks built, may be ..... purchased, may be...... regulation of p ay s .. .. . .. .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. ... . .. ... . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. .. . .. .............. ..................... weights and measures clerk is sealer of....... ............... regulation of ......... ......... wells and reservoirs constructed by fire commissioners ......... regulation and establishment of... ............. wine prohibition of adulterated........... witnesses investigations by common council. ..... subpoena of, for city... wood location of as to fires.... regulations for vending........................ sidewalks to be kept clear of...... ioi university of michigan rarese the ann prin cole & keating's ann arbor directory iho i in h o kjlish ghain [] iwºu ſplyn ſi aveº *kuohuuoqer i ----| №Ē =-____ēĒsēĒ. Ē ĒĒĒĒ ， ， №Ē Ē= ||| | -------- - º º | | | | kººi ！== - №Ē Ē （№. È= №ĒĒĒĒĒ =№ĒĒĒĒĒĒ Ē = № Ē f ==t==== Ēī sē__---- Ē Ē）. | №Ē ' . = f =~ |-（№Ē ！== == = cole & keating's am abboftjmectom for the year , giving the residents, professions, officials, business firms, manufactories, publications, churches, schools, organizations, census, and also a brief history of the city. compiled and published by james m. cole and john w. keating, ann arbor, michigan. printed at the courier steam printing house. s . ann arbor city. history of its early settlement. the village of ann arbor was platted under the laws of the territory of michigan, in the year , may th. the name of the village, as formerly given,—"ann's arbor,"— originated from the first settlement of two of three females, with their husbands, whose names, respectively, were ann isabella allen, wife of john allen, esq., and mary ann rumsey, wife of elisha w. rumsey, esq., as early as february, . mr. asa l. smith and wife came soon after. the exact location of the camp of these early pioneers, was on block one, south of huron street, range one, according to the original plat of the village of ann arbor. here, then, was the spot—a very beautiful place, too, it must have been, in that primeval day, when nature alone, in all her beauty of quietude, and with the majestic oaks that then studded the plain, and lifted their broad, yet naked arms toward the blue vault of heaven, were their only shelter. mr. smith and his wife brought all their earthly effects upon their backs; and in order to keep warm of nights, were forced to throw stones into the log-heap fire, and then place them heated round about their impromptu beds! the county of washtenaw was organized as early as , january st, at which time it was the western frontier county and samuel clements, of the town of lima, was then the only frontier white settler, and so continued up to the year ! of the oldest inhabitants, now living, we can refer to the names of judge james kingsley, mrs. dr. denton, mrs. olney ann arbor city directory. hawkins, mr. daniel b. brown, deacon lorrin mills, and general edward clark, residing within the limits of the then village. there are others of that date— —who did not locate within the village limits: mr. eber white, james c. allen, captain charles thayer, and john w. maynard, who are still living. as a matter of course, these pioneers in this new land, wild with nature's greatness and beautiful in its prim- itive picturesqueness, had very little intercourse with the outside world, receiving only one mail a week! they had but one mill in , the grinding capacity of which was only one run of granite stone, and was situated a few rods above where the present river dam is located. communication with detroit, in those days, was associated with anything but pleasure, in making the journey there and back, it requiring generally two days, and not unfrequently a week in the spring or fall, and was attended with great labor. indians were numerous, and quite a little trade was driven with them in cranberries, furs, peltries, and maple sugar, of which latter article they were very fond, and which they manu- factured in quite considerable quantities, in the season; it being nothing strange to have hundreds come to town, in a day. that the first settlers were not without their appreciation and pastime in music, is evidenced in the fact, that general edward clark was the importer of the first piano brought to the village and which instrument is now owned by judge kingsley. the first post-office established for the village was in or before the year , and mr. john allen was appointed as postmaster. early in the year , mr. allen was succeeded as postmaster by mr. anson brown, who removed the office to the "lower town," where it remained for one year and a half, when mr. brown deceased, and captain charles thayer was appointed to fill the vacancy; soon after which the office was again removed to the "upper village," or "uppertown," as it was then called, where it has ever remained since. it occupied the store in mundy's block, now used for franz nebel's saloon. here, then, in brief, is the history of the primitive village > ann arbor city directory. saving in the south-eastern limits, where the country assumes nearly an extended plain, very little broken by undulation for miles; while in the north-east and north-west the rolling, hilly formation of the land renders the prospect at once picturesque and pleasing, and relieves the city of much of that monotony in its surroundings that usually attaches to more or less of the cities and villages in the state. in point of health, it has been a long established fact that the city of ann arbor has ever been free (since the country has been cleared up) from all kinds of endemic diseases, and hence is claimed to be the most healthy of any city of its size in the state. and with its clean streets, and scrupulous neatness, exhibited in the care of its citizens in keeping everything brushed up, painted and pruned, about their premises, we may truly ask: where is the place that is more inviting to those who are in search of comfort and pleasure than ann arbor? in a commercial point of view, we can say of this city what cannot be said of the majority of the villages and cities in the interior of the state, of like age and population, to wit: that it has ever had a steady and healthy growth, with nothing of the mushroom caste in its character, and that although, perhaps, its enterprises have not been commensurate with the tone and stand- ing of its citizens in many respects, compared with other cities, yet it is said with some show of pride, that less of failures in business of all grades have taken place here, than in any other similar town in the country, since its organization. of manufacturing interests, this city has not really what it should have, within its corporate limits; but notwithstanding this seeming disparagement, it enjoys alike the interest in this respect, of a considerable amount in its vicinity, located above and below on the beautiful huron river, consisting of woolen, flouring, plaster, paper and saw mills, together with diverse mechanical operations driven by steam power. some of these are carried on with capital to the amount of $ , each. of the flouring mills, of which there are four in the city, the grade of flour from them is of the a. no. quality, at which figure it is generally - ■*<-x ann arbor city directory. university hall. the erection of this immense edifice will more fully carry out the original design of the plan of the university buildings, and increase the power of the institution to serve the state. it is located on the west side of the college campus, and the en- tire expense of the building will reach $ , , and is the archi- tectural designing of mr. e. s. jennison, of chicago, ., a former graduate of the university of michigan. the wood work of the same was under the supervision of mr. adolph mar- tin, of chicago, . we here give the dimensions of the hall, as furnished by the very gentlemanly and obliging secretary of the university, henry d. bennett, esq., as follows: it is by feet, and is about feet high from the base to the frieze, with an elegantly proportioned dome feet high, surmounted by a very beautiful statue of "rogers's michigan." the audi- torium is by feet, and is capable of seating comfortably three thousand persons! the chapel, which is located on the first floor, has a seating capacity for six hundred. on the same floor there is also a lecture room, with seatings for four hundred. the steward's room is located in the south-west corner of the building, on the same floor, and connected with which is the massive fire-proof vault for the protection of the archives of the university. adjoining this is located the chancellor's room. east of the tranverse hall is located the ladies' waiting room, opposite which is located the faculty room; and on the same floor are two large lecture or recitation rooms. directly above, in the second, third and fourth stories, are located, in each, three commodious class or recitation rooms. the build- ing is heated by john davis & co.'s (chicago, .,) steam heating apparatus, is ventilated with great care, and the whole is most splendidly fitted up with gas. the two wings to this massive and elegant building are each by no feet, and four stories high. nearly the whole of the north wing is now used for the museum. the south wing is principally for recitation rooms, literary societies, and the students' christian association. ann arbor city directory. law department building. this is situated on the north-west corner of the college campus, and is, for its general appearance, a very strong and massive building, three stories high. it has on the first floor a general library of over , volumes, which is accessible to students and citizens every day, sundays excepted. there are also on the same floor the offices of the president, dean of the law faculty, and a moot court room. on the second floor are located the law library, and a large lecture room; also the law professors' room. the third floor is occupied by the webster and jeffersonian societies,, together with the regular moot court room. laboratory of chemistry and pharmacy. this building is unostentatious in its appearance, yet is quite large, being one story and a half high, built of brick, and ar- ranged with a view to the greatest possible convenience for those pursuing chemistry and pharmacy, and is beyond doubt the most extensive and thoroughly equipped laboratory in the united states, if not on the continent. the building is health- fully ventilated by steam power, is warmed by steam, and sup- plied with gas and water. medical department building. this large and spacious building, has two amphitheatres, each capable of seating over four hundred students. it is com- posed of two large buildings, forming a "t" the principal or main structure being nearly or quite square, four stories high, while the old or original building is long and narrow, and three stories high; but the two making altogether a very fine and noble appearance. the engraving representing the various structures compos- ing the university of michigan, as will be seen, shows the law, medical, laboratory, museum and lecture rooms, together with the president's house. it is a good, fair and lively picture, but wants the "new university hall," or chapel—which is given mound fanmmtl »,■«■w■mm»»m'ma''mffi!!lfgin■lkafflabnhr^ ann arbor city directory. in another place—between the two wings, or literary department, to render the now present scene in buildings, upon the college campus, complete. the astronomical observatory. this is by feet, two stories high, and has a dome thirty-five feet over all, and is located upon an elevated piece of ground twenty feet higher than the college campus, giving it a very prominent and withal beautiful appearance; and is situated about one-half mile distant in a north-easterly direction from the college buildings. it is a donation from citizens of detroit. one of the wings of the building contains the rooms for the observer, while in the other is mounted the splendid meridian- circle presented by h. n. walker, esq., of detroit. this instrument, one of the largest and best of the kind, and com- plete in every respect, was imported from berlin. the same room contains a sidereal clock, made by tiede, in berlin, and two collimators, north and south from the meridian-circle, for the determination of the error of collimation. the west wing contains a chronograph, with bond's new isodynamic escape- ment, for recording observations by the electro-magnetic method. in the dome is mounted a large refracting telescope, with an object-glass thirteen inches in diameter, constructed by the late henry fitz, of new york. this department is under the superintendence of james c. watson, ph. d., professor of astronomy. the museum. this attachment of the university is already forming one of the great attractions that speak well for those having the direc- tion and care of this great institution of learning; and their efforts and exertions in this particular feature are being crowned with the greatest success. the collections are illustrative of natural science, ethnology, art, history, agriculture, anato- my, and materia medica. last year the additions in the depart- ments of geology, zoology, botany, and archeology, were , entries, or , specimens. among those who are engaged in ann arbor city directory. making collections for the university, are professor harrington, connected with the united states expedition to alaska, and j. b. steere, esq., who is now on a scientific tour in south america. union high school. in the absence of the figures showing the dimensions of the building, we can only say, that the fine and elegant engraving which is given in another place is a true representation of the grounds and the structure, barring the difference, that from the increasing demand for more room for the greatly crowded num- ber of pupils who were in attendance, the city board of educa- tion determined upon an enlargement, and the building was in- creased nearly one-half of its original size, by adding the new structure to the rear part of the original building. the interior also underwent many changes, and for the improvement of the edifice. like all of the public buildings in the city, this was erected with a view to permanency, and is—although very plain —strong and fine appearing. this school, together with the ward schools, are under the superintendency of professor perry, a former graduate of the university. ann arbor mineral springs house. although we have adverted to the fact of the healthful char- acter of ann arbor, yet we have pleasure in referring to the mineral springs house, a very neat and commodious building recently erected for the health-seekers of the state and the city. the building is situated on mann street, between miller avenue and huron street. the springs consist of sulphur, iron and mag- nesia, agreeably to the analysis of the waters. the dimensions of the principal springs house are as follows: by feet, four stories high, and can accommodate from to health- seekers. every appliance that attaches to such establishments has been provided, not omitting even a steam elevator for con- veying guests from one stjory to another. the conveniences are, in fact, of a character for the promoting of the comfort and restoring of health to all those who may patronize the springs. ann arbor city directory. ii an article concerning one of these springs, published as early as s , has the following: "the quantity of iron in the water from this spring, is as great as that contained in some of the most celebrated chalybeate springs, as those of bath, eng- land, and tepleitz, in bohemia; and the reaction for iodine, appeared to be as distinct as that furnished by the harrogate waters, england." the grounds have been graded and ornamented with decid- uous shrubs, and the grove trimmed up. an artificial canal passes through the grounds, rendering the surroundings quite inviting for their cool, shady, rural aspect, and making the place as pleasant and agreeable as could well be wished for by any one in quest of retirement, or the restoring of health. it is indeed, an accession to the city, the ultimatum in good things, considering all the city has in a public point of view, and should of right receive the hearty and unanimous support and com- mendation of an enterprising people. other public buildings, stores, etc. hangsterfer's hall, the pioneer, of any considerable dimensions or architectural greatness, for several years, is of brick, and a fine building, reflecting much credit upon its enter- prising proprietors. hill's opera house is another very fine structure, is of brick, and has a seating capacity for , per- sons; is of the modern caste of design, having a mansard roof, and is really a noble building, doing credit to the city and its projector. the bank building is of recent construction, has a freestone front, in which are large and elegant stores, and the first national bank. the gregory house is of brick and stone, and is among the substantial modern style of hotels, has heavy granite pillars, window caps and sills, and is a first-class house. the courier steam printing house, of which there is in another place a fine engraving, is the work of energy, effort and enterprise, and does credit to the city. cook's ho- tel, of very recent date, is another evidence of the thrift and progress of the city, is of brick, and modern design, is four sto- ann arbor city directory. ries high, heated with steam, and is well calculated for a first- class hotel. gurner's, binder's, mack & schmid's, rettich's (of which he has three, all of brick, in modern style); the leonard house, (a hotel which is popular with the public,) is of brick, large and commodious; clark & cropsey's city ar- cade, (which is a model of neatness and originality in its inter- ior); smith's, martin's, and the haven block; mcmahon's, coyle's, duffy's, gruner & seyler's, muhlig & sons,' (who are now erecting another of like dimensions,) risdon's, goetz's, fantle's, schumacher & weitbrecht's, slawson & son's, laubengayer's, wagner's, sorg's (who is erecting another), eberbach & co.'s, (the oldest drug firm in the city,) gwinner's (now under erection,) moore's and eisele's blocks; the metho- dist, presbyterian and episcopal churches, and the agricultural hall, are mostly or comparatively new buildings, and all of brick or stone; thus showing at a glance the magnitude and growing importance of this inland city. --- -----~~~~_._.--._.--._.--._.--.---- „v štų， of th, ！\， ----！«.**）- x\，\º…ººººººº::::…\,f. ，**…*… -*****… ſº i c e a ---★★★★★★★ →ſ， →ſ，-- 、、 、、---- ºoo,ººººººººººº * **inding amůx\y\ ~ poxae a'， \ºººº ¿- |-±% ~）;§ city officers. city council meets on the first monday fvening of each month, at engine house, east huron street. silas h. douglass, - - - mayor. leonhard gruner, - - recorder. stephen m. webster, - - - treasurer. erastus leseur, - - - marshal. claudius b. grant, - - - attorney. aldef men. first ward-joshua g. leland, frederick sorg. second ward–john n. gott, george f. lutz. third ward–jeremiah peek, john b. dow. fourth ward–elijah w. morgan, moses rogers. fifth ward-amariah hammon, moses seabolt. sixth ward–charles b. porter, wellington d. smith. policemen. erastus leseur, chief. john loveland. joseph c. preston. newton felch. i ann arbor city ctory. justices of the peace. john q. a. sessions. james mcmahon. patrick mckernan. richard beahan. supervisors. first and second wards—conrad krapf. third and fourth wards—alonzo a. gregory. fifth and sixth wards—j. austin scott. collectors. first and second wards—john keck. third and fourth wards—nelson p. hill, fifth and sixth wards—eli s. manley. constaeles. first ward–charles boylan. second ward–thomas f. leonard. third ward–thomas j. hoskins. fourth ward–william w. corselius, fifth ward–newton felch. sixth ward–marquis d. miller. board of health. silas h. douglass. charles b. porter, john n. gott. eoard of education. john m. wheeler, president. james b. gott, secretary. philip bach, treasurer. charles b. porter. claudius b. grant. abram sager. benjamin f. cocker. patrick donovan. ebenezer wells. ann arbor city directory. fire department. tufus f. sanford, - - chief engineer. richard c. traver, george f. lutz, | - assistants. charles h. worden, - - secretary. christian eberbach, - - treasurer. james atkinson, - - steward. wardens. first ward–frederick sorg, j. d. irish. second ward–maurice o'rourk, edward groff. third ward–john m. slater, george w. cropsey. fourth. ward–lewis c. risdon, george w. effner. fifth ward–moses seabolt, george h. rhodes. sixth ward-christian eberbach, homer p. finley. protection engine company, no. . meets on the first thursday evening of each month, at the engine house on the north side of huron street between fourth and fifth. g. w. cropsey, foreman. relief engine company, no. . meets on the first tuesday evening of each month, at the engine house, on the north side of huron street between fourth and fifth. j. miller, foreman. hook and ladder company. meets on the first wednesday evening of each month, at the engine house, on the north side of huron street between fourth and fifth. d. b. fletcher, foreman. churches. methodist episcopal church. located on the north-west corner of state and washington streets. rev. l. r. fisk, pastor. presbyterian church. located on the south-west corner of huron and division streets. rev. s. w. duffield, pastor. episcopal church. located on the east side of division street, between bowery and ann. rev. g. d. gillespie, rector. catholic church. located on the south side of north street, between division and state. rev. j. r. murphy, pastor. congregational church. located on the north-east corner of washington and fifth streets. rev. h. l. hubbell, pastor. baptist church. located on the north side of catherine street, between fifth and division. rev. s. h. haskell, pastor. unitarian church. located on the south-west corner of ann and fifth streets. rev. c. h. brigham, pastor. ann ariiok city directory. german methodist church. located on the north-west corner of division and liberty streets. rev. g. a. reuther, pastor. german lutheran church. located on the north-east corner of first and washington streets. rev. h. reuther, pastor. second methodist church. located on the north side of wall street. no regular pastor. african methodist episcopal church. . located on the east side of fourth street, between pontiac and summit. rev. f. myers, pastor. african baptist church. located on the south side of fuller street, between detroit and elizabeth no regular pastor. sisters of the i. h. m. - sister mary barbra, sister mary cresentia, sister mary symphrosa, sister mary lyola. convent located on the south side of north street, between division and state. ann arbor city directory. fifth ward school. located on the south side of wall street. catholic school. located on the south side of north street, between division and detroit. conducted by sisters of the i. h. m. german lutheran school. located on the west side of first street, between william and west jefferson, young ladies' boarding school. the misses clark's boarding and day school, for young ladies. located on the north-west corner of division and north streets. miss mary h. clark, principal. german select school. located on the south-east corner of william and west third streets. g. kurz, principal. infant select school. located in the basement of the unitarian church, south- west corner of ann and fifth streets. miss elizabeth spafford, principal. organizations. ann arbor commandery no. , k. t. meets on the first tuesday evening of each month, in masonic hall, south main street. officers:–s. m. webster, e. c.; l. c. risdon, gen. ; t. f. hill, c. g.; w. d. harri- man, prelate ; r. w. ellis, s. w.; j. c. watts, j. w.; e. j. johnson, treasurer ; w. a. lovejoy, recorder; f. sorg, stand- ard bearer; j. n. gott, sword bearer; j. p. little, warder: w. doty, sentinel. washtenaw chapter no. , r. a. m. meets on the monday evening on or before each full moon, at masonic hall, south main street. officers:—j. boyd, h. p. ; a. mcelcheran, k. ; s. m. webster, s.; t. f. hill, c. h.; b. f. watts, p. s. ; j. r. webster, r. a. c. : w. h. mallory, g. m. d v. ; i. c. handy, g. m. d v. ; f. sorg, g. m. st v. ; w. a. lovejoy, secretary ; e. j. johnson, treasurer ; j. p. little, sentinel. golden rule lodge no. , f. and a. m. meets on the thursday evening on or before each full moon, at masonic hall, south main street. officers:–r. j. price, w. m.; t. f. hill, s. w.; j. roath, j. w.; i. c. handy, s. d. ; a. m. cooper, j. d.; s. m. webster, secretary; c. spoor, treasurer; j. p. little, tyler. fraternity lodge, no. , f. and a. m. meets on the wednesday evening on or after each full moon, at masonic hall, south main street. officers:—s. g. taylor, ~ a ann arbor city idike ctory. w. m.; z. p. king, s. w.; moses coit tyler, j. w. ; w. corselieus, secretary; e. j. johnson, treasurer ; j. f. billard, s. d.; c. h. stevens, j. d.; j. p. little, tyler. washtenaw lodge, no. , i. o. of o. f. meets every friday evening at odd fellows' hall, corner of main and washington streets. officers:–a. r. schmidt, n. g.; g. bliss, b. g.; c. a. leiter, recording secretary; c. gardner, permanent secretary ; c. spoor, treasurer. washtenaw encampment, no. . i. o. of o. f. meets on the first and third fridays of each month, at odd fellows' hall, corner of main and washington streets. officers: —a. r. schmidt, c. p. ; j. e. carr, h. p. ; n. b. covert, scribe ; g. greenville, treasurer. ann arbor, lodge, no. , i. o of g. t. meets every wednesday evening in their hall, main street. officers:—p. d. woodruff, w. c. t. ; miss eudora b. woodruff, w. v. t.; w. c. stevens, w. s.; n. arksey, w. t.; a. w. martin, w. m. ; miss tilla randall, w. i. g.; miss frank kellogg, r. h. l.; miss lina brown, l. h. s.; miss jessie a. a. woodruff, w. a. s. ; john m. chase, w. c.; j. f. billiard, w. f. s. ; miss mary royall, w. d. m. : j. m. cole, p. w. c. t.; chase dow, w. o. g. ; german laboring men's society meets on the second and fourth mondays in each month, at their hall, south main street. officers:–j. g. grossman, president; j. walz, and j. gall, vice-presidents; g. weise, secretary : f. schmid, treasurer. ann arbor turn verein. meets on the first wednesday evening in each month, at their hall, and washington street. officers:–a. benz, president; c. schneider, vice-president; s. weis, secretary; w. neuenfeld, treasurer; r. neuenfeld, steward, ann arbor city' directory. ladies' christian union. meets on the first thursday of each month. officers:— mrs. d. s. wood, president; mrs. r. a. beal, vice-president; mrs. c. g. clark, secretary; mrs. m. e. morwick, treasurer. ladies' library association. incorporated april, . room over the first national bank. number of volumes in library april st . draw- ing days, saturday p. m., from to o'clock. librarians, miss barry and miss sager. lias a board of fifteen directors who meet the first monday afternoon of each month. the members of the board serve for three years, five retiring each year. the association is dependant on the annual subscriptions, and has no fund, as yet, from which to draw supplies. officers:—mrs. adams, president; mrs. henriques, vice-president; mrs. a h. hunt, secretary; mrs. l. b. gilmore, treasurer. washtenaw county agricultural society. meets on the third tuesday of each year. officers :—isaac m. whittaker, president; david m. finley, recording secre- tary; lorenzo davis, corresponding secretary; stephen m. webster, treasurer. porter zouaves. meet on every monday evening in their armory, on the north side of ann street, between main and fourth. inspection meeting on the first monday evening of each month. officers: —w. e. walker, captain; t. d. bailey, first lieutenant; f. kean, second lieutenant. ann arbor gas light company. office in the gergory house block, on huron street, works on the corner of pontiac and depot streets. capitol $ , . officers:—c. tripp, president; s. h. douglass, secretary and treasurer. ann arbor city directory. baxter charles, (bobison & baxter) res. west end ann. beacraft mrs. john, res. north end mill. beahan john, clerk, bds. leonard house. beahan richard, lawyer, office s. e. cor. fourth and ann, res. north state. - beal john, col., mason, res. forest ave. beal rice. a., proprietor courier steam printing house, and north main, res. south fifth. bearmann mrs. frederika, res. west fifth, bet. liberty and jefferson. beasly john, cabinet maker, res. traver. beck jonas, cabinet maker, res. west third. beckley guy, painter, res. broadway. beckley oramel, carpenter, broadway. behr mrs. charles, res. south main. belding charles m., proprietor of ann arbor, whitmore lake, and brighton stage line, bds. wall. belding mrs. ann, res. wall. bell andrew, groceries and provisions, east washington, res. o division. benallack philip, book-keeper, bds. north main. bender bernhard, clerk, res. fourth. bennett charles k., res. thompson. bennett henry d., steward in university of michigan, res. division. benham frank, bols. leonard house. benham nelson, match maker, bds. broadway. benham samuel g., cigar manuf., east huron, res. miller ave. bentley daniel b., millwright, res. hiscock. benz augustus, merchant, res. e. s. second. beer lewis, res. william. berry joseph, tailor, res. south state. besimer anson d., saloon keeper, s. s. huron, bet. main and second, res. west huron. - besimer charles, cooper, res. wall. o ann arbor city directory. blum john, jr., laborer, bds. packard. bodwell alrick m., school furniture manuf., north fourth, res. same. bodwell luke w., carpenter, res. west liberty. bohn casper, mason, res. west liberty. bohn jacob, mason, res. west liberty. bohn james, tailor, bds. w. s. west seventh. bohn james, tailor, bds. west liberty. bohn john, laborer, bds. west liberty. bohn joseph, cigar maker, bds. west liberty. bohn miss f. t., dressmaker, res. south main. bolles martin, engineer, bds. cook house. boner patrick, laborer, res. cor. thayer and monroe. botsford, mrs. eliza, school teacher, res. bowery. boudinot edward c., res. io north state. bowen ezra, carpenter, bds. brown. bowen mortimer, laborer, bols. brown. bowen stephen, carpenter, res. brown. bower henry e. h., bds. n. w. cor. miller ave. and spring. bower mrs. henry, res. n. w. cor. miller ave. and spring. boyd james, merchant tailor, south main, res. s. e. cor. main and william. boyd mrs. catherine, res. catherine. boyd thomas, clerk, bds. catherine. boyer alexander, col., laborer, res. cor. fountain and high. boylan, b. f., groceries, provisions, etc., s. w. cor. huron and fifth, bds. fifth. boylan charles, auctioneer, res. division. boylan john d., painter, res. fifth. boylan luther w., cooper, res. mill. boylan moses m., intelligence office, fifth, res. same. boylan william h. h., painter, shop n. s. ann, bet. fourth and main, res. fifth. braddock edward d., mineral, soda water, and small beer manuf., res. north. braithwaite george, clerk, bds. n. e. cor. william and thompson. ann arbor city directory. i breakey william f., physician and surgeon, office and res, east huron. brehm peter. res. west liberty. breitmayer frederick, clerk, bds. fourth. brendle conrad, marble cutter, res. liberty, bet. west third and west fourth. brennan michael, (brennan & son) bds. fourth. brennan patrick, (brennan & son) res. fourth. brennan & son, (p. brennan and m. brennan) dealers in boots and shoes, fourth. briggs caroline, res. thayer. briggs edward, res. cor. packard and fourth. briggs john, laborer, bds. thayer. brigham rev. charles h., pastor first unitarian church, bds. s. s. ann bet. division and fifth. brodbeck michael, boot and shoe manuf., east liberty, res. same. bross frederick, clerk, bols. leonard house. bross frederick, wagon maker, res. south main. bross george, drover, res. east liberty. bross jacob f., wagon manuf., south main, bds. south main. bross john, carriage maker, res. end south main. bross mrs. anna, res. n. s. west huron. brow b., res. south state. brown charles, harness maker, res. cor. fourth and pontiac. brown christian, teamster, res. fountain. brown christian, wagon maker, bds. south main. brown daniel b., farmer, res. south main. brown george w., turn-key at county jail, res. same. brown i. e., physician, res. s. s. ann, bet. first and second. brown lucian, col., cook, res. main, bet. huron and ann. brown michael, wagon maker, east liberty, res. south main. brown mrs. sarah, res. south fourth. - brown mrs. s., res. south division. brown seymour, col., east end hickory. ann arbor city directory. brown william w., teamster, res. east end hickory. bubbs mrs. rhoda, col., res. n. s. ann, bet. ingalls and observa- tory. buchoz louis r., farmer, res. cor. detroit and north. buchoz mrs. caroline, res. division. buck sylvester, painter, res. fourth. buckingham mrs. m., res. forest ave. buckley gottlieb, laborer, res. cherry, bet. fountain and spring. buckland mrs. mary, res. north thayer. buckler j., marble cutter, res. buell george, traveling marble agent, res. washtenaw ave. buell george w., marble polisher, res. cor. washtenaw ave. and cedar. - bull joseph, produce dealer, north end washtenaw ave. burback andrew, laborer, res. traver. burback john, laborer, bds. traver. burback william, laborer, bds. traver. burk lewis, lime burner, bds. south main. burk margaret f., tailoress, bds. ingalls. burk william, laborer, res. ingalls. burk william, res. north main. burkhardt john c., dealer in harness, trunks, etc., n. s. ann, bet. fourth and main, res. ii fountain. burkhardt mrs. christian, res. liberty. burlingame peter, res. thompson. burnett asa, wagon maker, n. e. cor. main and catherine, res. same. burnham charles, machinist, bds. broadway. burnham nathan, laborer, res. broadway. burns alfred, laborer, res. cor. page and fuller. burns edward, laborer, bds. cor. page and fuller. burt james g., res. south state. bush peter, cooper, res. broadway. buss frederick w., clerk, res. e. s. fourth. butler robert c., steam fitter, bds. s. s. ann, bet. ingalls and observatory. ann arbor city directory. butler john, carpenter, res. s. s. ann, bet. ingalls and observa- tory. butler simon, mason, res. s. s. ann, bet. ingalls and observa- tory. c cady philip, physician, office east huron, res. north main. campbell frank, printer, bds. walker house. campbell j. h., lawyer, res. s. s. ann, bet. first and second. campbell p. m., (campbell & eberhardt) res. cor. second and catherine. - campbell william, res. wall. campbell & eberhardt, (p. m. campbell and j. eberhardt) saloon keepers, north main. campion michael, merchant tailor, south main, res. saline. campion william, blacksmith, res. o north main. cane peter, shoemaker, res. fifth. - carey andrew, laborer, bds. huron. carey christopher, clerk, bas. huron. carey ones, carpenter, res. traver. carey peter, laborer, res. foot detroit. carpenter ezra, res. s. s. catherine, bet. main and second. carr james e., printer—foreman argus—res. hiscock. carter edward, carpenter, res. maiden lane. cassey henry, col., artist, bas. miller ave. casterline ithiel, laborer, res. n. e. cor. pitcher and hickory. cate franklin, res. maynard. cate rufus, business various, bds. maynard. catholic church, s. s. north, bet. state and division. catholic school, s. s. north, bet. division and detroit. cavinaw luke, laborer, res. traver. cewit james, carpenter, res. e. s. second, near north. chapin charles a., (hill & chapin) res. n. e. cor. ann and fourth. chapin charles b., (chapin & sons) res. ypsilanti road. ann arbor city directory. clark michael, carpenter, bds. s. e. cor. state and fuller. clark misses mary h. and chloe a., young ladies' boarding and day school, n. w. cor. division and north. clark mrs. ann m., res. cor. grant and volland. clark mrs. mary e., res. o east huron. clark mrs. nettie, res. thompson. clark william, traveling agent, res. cor. fourth and liberty. clark & cropsey, (m. clark and g. w. cropsey) bakery, grocery, and eating house, south main. clarken george, dealer in groceries and provisions, n. s. ann, bet. fourth and main, res. same. clarken thomas, mason, res. w. s. first, bet. huron and ann. clements james, gas engineer, res. south state. clements samuel, res. washington. clinton joseph, tailor, res. s. s. catherine, bet. fourth and main. clute william, clerk, bds. liberty. cocker rev. benjamin f., professor in university of michigan, res. south state. cockron j. c., res. elizabeth. cohen henry. dealer in fancy goods, south main, res. cor. first and huron. colby lewis, dealer in groceries and provisions, south main, res. grove. - cole james m., publisher of “ann arbor city directory,” and dealer in chemical paint, res. south fifth. cole nelson b., wood yard, east huron, res. catherine, bet. fifth and division. coleman james, mason, res. north fourth. colman charles d., (colman, root & kinne) res. north pontiac. colman, root & kinne, (c. d. colman, t. w. root, and e. d. kinne) law office, s. w. cor. main and ann. colgrove george, res. fountain. colgrove morris, bds. fountain. collier orrien, shoemaker, res. liberty. colored baptist church, s. s. fuller, bet. elizabeth and detroit. ann arbor city directory. colored methodist church, e. s. north fourth. collins david, bds. n. w.end second. collins heber, bols. grove. collins james, res. grove. collins jerry, bds. n. w.end second. collins john, jr., mason, bds. n. w. end secodd. collins mrs. f., res. washington. collins richard, laborer, bds. n. w. end second. condon michael, bds. e. s. thayer, bet. north and lawrence. condon mrs. alice, res. e. s. thayer, bet. north and lawrence condon thomas, painter, bds. e. s. thayer, bet. north and law- rence. comestock mrs. lucia m., bds. division. conover monroe, clerk, bds, fifth. conover mrs. mary, res. fifth. cook anna e., tailoress, bds. w. s. fifth, bet. catherine and ann. cook collins b., res. n. s. west miller ave. cook con. g., printer, res. w. s. second, bet. catherine and ann. cook house, cor. huron and fourth, j. f. avery, propri- etor. - cook james m., carpenter, res. south fifth. cook john, superintendent of forest hill cemetery, res. forest ave. cook solon, bds. cook house. cook samuel, res. w. s. forest ave. cook varnum, carpenter, res. south fifth. cooley eugene, student, bds. o south state. cooley hon. thomas m., professor in university of michigan, res. o south state. cooper a. m., agent weed sewing machines, res. s. s. jefferson, bet. fifth and division. cooper william, paper maker, res. thayer. copeland william, carpenter, res. miller ave. corbin justice, res. william. ann arbor city directory. davis mrs. mary, res. catherine. davis william, clerk, bds. north fifth. day samuel, life insurance agent, res. west huron. dean aaron, carpenter, res. cor. fourth and north. dean henry s., (dean & co) postmaster, res. liberty. dean mrs. h. j., res. east university ave. dean sedgwick, (dean & co) bds. s. s. packard bet. fourth and main. dean & co., (s. and h. s. dean) house furnishing goods, crock- ery, glass ware, etc., south main. deforest andrew, (r. w. ellis & co) res. division. deforest b. g., mechanic, res. spring. deforest d. a., bds. north division. deforest d. e., bds. division. deforest isaac, res. division. deforest mrs. david, res. north division. defiance hook and ladder company, n. s. huron, bet. fourth and fifth. defieu august, cabinet maker, res. west fourth. delany john, blacksmith, res. cor. ingalls and north. denton mrs. samuel, res. i s. e. cor. huron and fifth. depont p. r. b., res. maynard. depuy george n., printer, bds. maynard. depuy mrs. francis, res. maynard. derby william w., printer, res. north fourth. deubel james, miller, bds. cor. detroit and fuller. deubel, swift & co., (w. deubel and j. m. swift) pro- prietors of sinclair's flouring mills, at the foot of broad- way. deubel william, (deubel, swift & co) res. cor. detroit and fuller. deubel william, jr., miller, bds. cor. detroit and fuller. devany mrs. mary, res. ann. devlin c. h., resident principal ann arbor business college, main, res. catherine. dinnis mrs. a., res. o division. o ann arbor city directory. diehl mrs. margaret, proprietress diehl's hotel, s. s. detroit, bet. fuller and state. - ditz joseph, clerk, res. south fifth. dodge joseph c., printer, bds. e. s. main, bet. north and catherine. dodsley henry b., (spafford & dodsley) res. s. w. cor. of detroit and fifth. donahue michael, shoemaker, res. e. s. north main. donner frederick, laborer, res. s. s. catherine, bet. ingalls and observatory. donovan cornelius, bds. maiden lane. donovan daniel, business various, bds. maiden lane. donovan james, produce dealer, bds. maiden lane. donovan john, speculator, bols. maiden lane. donovan patrick, dry goods, groceries, crockery, etc., io broadway, res. maiden lane. - donnelly joseph, (j. and p. donnelly) res. ann. donnelly j. & p., (joseph and patrick) dealers in groceries, crockery and glass ware, ii east huron. donnelly patrick, (j. & p. donnelly) bas. ann. donnelly t., laborer, res. second. doty alonzo m., boot and shoe store, broadway, res. pon- tiac, north. doty mrs., res. north pontiac. douglass george a., (douglass, mallory & co.) res. division. douglass mrs. harriet, res. south ingalls. douglasslevi h., (douglass, mallory & co.) res. thomp- soin. douglass, mallory & co., (l. h. douglass, w. h. mal. lory and g. a. douglass) builders and dealers in lumber and manufs. of sash, doors and blinds, s. w. cor. fifth and north. douglass silas h., professor in university of michigan, res. east huron. douglass william w., book-keeper, bds. east huron. dover randolph, res. catherine. ann arbor city directory. eberbach christian, (eberbach & co.) res. south ypsi- lanti road. * eberbach ottmar, clerk, res. s. w. cor. fourth and william. eberbach & co., (c. eberbach and e. mann) druggists and apothecaires, south main. eberhardt john, (campbell & eberhardt) bās. gregory house. edmonds c. m., carpenter, bds. n. s. west huron. edmonds jefferson, carpenter, bds. n. s. west huron. edmonds nelson, carpenter, res. n. s. west huron. edwards mrs. elizabeth, res. n. s. west huron. effner george w., painter, res. w. s. fifth, bet. huron and ann. ehnis george, res. s. s. north, near main. eiling tobon, carpenter, res. eisele anton, dealer in monuments, tomb stones, etc., cor. detroit and catherine, res. same. eisele john, dealer in monuments, tomb stones, etc., e. s. detroit, bet. catherine and ann, res. same. eitelbuss john j., teamster, res. m. e. cor. west fouth and west jefferson. ekhardt august, (ekhardt bros.) res. s. w. cor. washington and first. ekhardt brothers, (august & fridotus) propr's, city brewery, w. s. first, bet. liberty and washington. ekhardt fridotus, (ekhardt bros.) res. s. w. cor. washington and first. eldat john b., laborer, res. cor. liberty and maynard. eldridge caleb, boot and shoe maker, cor. huron and second, res. packard, near fifth. eldridge mrs. caleb, dress maker, res. packard, near fifth. ellis j. j., res. s. w.end west third. ellis richard w., (r. w. ellis & co.) res. w. s. division, bet. liberty and william. ellis r. w. & co., (r. w. ellis and a. deforest) drug store, s. e. cor. main and huron. ellsworth frederick, boarding house, thayer. emery john, bds. south ingalls. ann arbor city directory. emery mrs. elmira, res. south ingalls. emery thomas, carpenter, bds. south ingalls. engle martin, res. north-state. enis h., tailor, res. south main. episcopal church, (st. andrew's) north division. everest william b., res. south division. exinger william, saloon-keeper, cor. detroit and pontiac, res. sanne. el fall charles s., res. s. s. west huron. fall delos., school teacher, bds, thompson. fall dewitt, painter, res. jewett ave. fall mrs. a. m., res. thompson. fananey john, railroad track repairer, bds. kossuth house. fanner mrs. julia, res. broadway. fanning william, fence builder, bds. pontiac. fantle charles, dry goods and millinery, south main, res. s. s. jefferson, bet. thompson and state. farrand francis, res. north. fauth gottfried, laborer, res. cor. north and fifth. fay charles, laborer, res. broadway. feiner george, boot and shoe manuf., i washington, res. south fourth. felch hon. alpheus, (felch & grant) res. north state. felch leroy n., policeman, res. wall. felch mrs. sabin, res. broadway. felch & grant, (hon. alpheus felch and claudius b. grant) lawyers, s. e. cor. huron and fourth. fell c. j., res. grove. fhplee philip, brewer, res. river street. field & hunt, (j. w. hunt and j. field) gas fixtures, south main. field john, (field & hunt) res. s. w. cor. huron and second. fifth ward school, s. s. wall. finley homer p., (finley & lewis) res. south ingalls. ann arbor city directory. finley & lewis, (h. p. finley and c. a. lewis) dealers in boots and shoes, east huron. finnegan, howard & moore, (j. finnegan, f. howard, and e. s. moore) proprietors of ann arbor agricultural works, foot of broadway, office junction of detroit and fourth. finnegan john, (finnegan, howard and moore) res. cor. detroit and catherine. - fire engine house, n. s. east huron, bet. fourth and fifth. first congregational church, n. e. cor. washington and fifth. first national bank, e. wells, president, j. w. knight, cashier, south main. first methodist episcopal church, cor. state and washington. first ward school, w. s. state, bet. william and jefferson. firemen’s hall, n.s. huron, bet. fourth and fifth. fischer george, end south main. fischer henry, laborer, res. w. s. grove. fischer joseph, laborer, res. west second. fischer matthew, bds. west fourth, bet. liberty and west jef- ferson. fisher benjamin w., marble cutter, res. north university. fisher david j., book binder, bds. broadway. fisher john, laborer, res. fountain. fisher john j., engineer, res. main, near toll gate. fisher william, printer, res. broadway. fisher william, res. north university. fisher william h. carpenter, bds. broadway. fiske isaac, (gilmore & fiske) bds. io division. fisk rev. lewis r., pastor first m. e. church, res. washing- ton. fisk lewis r., jr., student, bds. washington. fitzgerald edward, engineer, res. n. w. cor. huron and ingalls. fitzsimmons thomas, engineer, res. i.awrence. fitzsimmons vincent m., harness maker, bds. lawrence. flanny john, railroad track repairer, bds. kossuth house. fleming edward, (pease & fleming) res. e. s. fountain. ann arbor city directory. fleming mrs. mary, res. e. s. fountain, near hiscock. fletcher daniel b., carpenter, bds. south fifth. fletcher mrs. catherine a., res. south fifth. flynn daniel, mason, bds, cor. first and ann. flynn john, mason, res. cor. first and ann. flynn john, jr., mason, bds, cor. first and ann. flynn norah, tailoress, bds, cor. first and ann. fogarty daniel, mason, bds. s. s. fuller. fohy william, carpenter, res. east north. folley edward, tailor, bds. w. s. west seventh. forbes charles, clerk, bols. grove. forbes jortin, deputy sheriff, res. jail building. ford corydon l., professor in university of michigan, res. s. s. washtenaw ave. ford george h., res. south fourth. foster john j., boot and shoe manuf., east huron, bds. leonard house. - - foster samuel p., retired farmer, res. south fifth. foster w. g., res. catherine. fourth ward school, w. s. division, bet. catharine and north. francisco adam, hack driver, bds. n. s. ann, bet. first and second. francisco david, laborer, res. second. frank jacob, carpenter, res. liberty. frank mrs. c., res. south state. franke adolf, carriage trimer, bds. diehl's hotel, detroit. franke christopher, wagon maker, bds. w. s. detroit, bet. north and division. - franke michael, machinist, bds. w. s. detroit, bet. division and north. - fecknite frederick, baker, res. washington, up stairs. frank mrs. c., res south state. frank jacob, carpenter, res. liberty. frank michael, machinist, bds. w. s. detroit bet. division and north. frazer robert e., (lawrence & frazer), res. miller ave. ann arbor city directory. freligh william b., clerk, bds. north state. freeman anthony col., whitewasher, res. e. s. fuller bet. de- troit and state. freeman harvey, col., barber, bds. north main. freeman g. g., barber shop s. s. huron bet. main and second, res. north, bet. main and second. - freeman mrs. elizabeth, col., res. wall. freeman john a., col., drayman, res. miller ave. freeman james, col., teamster, res. wall. french mrs. eliza, res. cor. washington and fifth. french mary, tailoress, bds. cor. jefferson and west seventh. frey gottlieb, saloon i i washington, res. same. frey frederick, brewer, res. s. s. west seventh. frey frederick, wagon maker, res. w. s. forest ave. frey john, brewer, bds. west fourth bet. liberty and west jefferson. - frey john, carpenter, bds. west liberty. frieze henry s., professor in university of michigan, res. n. s. washtenaw ave. near huron ave. - fritz louis, res. west liberty. fritz christian, wagon maker, res. s. s. west liberty. frothingham george e., physician and professor in university of michigan, res. east washington. fuller mrs. c. d., res. south main. tuller john t., clerk, postoffice, res. south division. g- gaimus minnie, res. west first. gall john g., meat market, east washington, res. same. galitz august, painter, res. s. s. liberty bet. first and second. ganson mrs. j. a., res. cor. thayer and ann. garbach mrs. mary, res. end south fourth. garland mary, res. north main. gardner mrs. sophia, res. thompson. gates david l., sawmill miles south of city, res. pontiac. gates john a., carpenter, res. n. s. west huron. ann arbor city directory. gates norman d., carpenter, res. broadway. gates nathaniel g., drayman, res. gaunt mrs. polly, res. wall. caunt sylvester, telegraph operator, bds. wall. gauss christopher, baker, res. over south main. gauss frederick, shoemaker, res. e. s. south fifth. gavin austin, laborer, res. cor. thayer and hill. german lutheran church, n. w. cor. liberty and division. german school, first bet. william and west jefferson. gerner john, groceries, provisions and bakery, south main, res. same. gerstner louis, bakery and grocery, e. s. detroit bet. catharine and ann, res. same. gelston rev. m., res. east washington. geil john f., peddler, res. wall. geddes john b., res. i i thompson. gidley edwin b., dealer in drugs and medicines, east huron, res. s. e. cor. ann and ingalls. gilbach michael, bartender, bds. e. s. south fourth bet. huron and washington. gilbert charles a., (gilbert & co.) bds. cor. bowery . and state. gilbert george, (gilbert & co.) bds. cor. bowery and state. gilbert mrs. n. m., res. cor. bowery and state. gilbert & co., merchant tailors and dealers in gents' fur- nishing goods, east huron. gilbert maria b., res. south fifth. gilbert mrs. m., res. william. gilchrist a., dealer in groceries and provisions, east huron, res. east ann. gilchrist charles, bds. east ann. . gilchrist joseph, bds. east ann. giles miss ann, res. south thayer. giles ina, res. io grove. giles miss louisa d., book folder, bds. n. s. fuller * ann arbor city directory. hangsterfer j. & son., (j. and j. w.) dealers in con- fectionery and tobacco, s. w. cor. main and washington. hannany william, cabinet maker, res. west end liberty. harkins john, cigar manuf., bds. north main. harley vyen, brick maker, res. brown. harriman william d., (harriman & hamilton) res. n. w. cor. thompson and william. harris frazer, res. wall. harris john, wagon maker, shop w. s. main, bet. catherine and ann, res. bowery. hartson mrs. c., res. east volland. haskell rev. samuel, pastor first baptist church, res. thomp- soil. hatch charles, clerk, bds. east william. hatch edward w., carpenter, bols east william. hatch henry, printer, bds. east william. hatch william, carpenter, res. south state. hatch william a., harness maker, res. east william. hatch william a., jr., clerk, res. fountain. haupt john, saloon keeper, ii east liberty, res. same. hauser gottlieb, res. west liberty. - hauser john, res. n. s. liberty, bet. main and second. haven george, laborer, res. spring. haviland tertulus a., (haviland & rhodes) res. s. s. river. haviland & rhodes, (t. a. haviland and l. f. rhodes) machine and blacksmith shop, and wall. hawkins abram, cabinet maker, res. n. e. cor. liberty and fourth. hawkins olney, lawer, office s. e. cor. fourth and ann. hayden john, track layer, bds. kossuth house. hayden william, track layer, bds. kossuth house. haylow michael j., currier, res. west second. hays george w., superintendent of farmers' store, bds. gregory house. hays mary, tailoress, bds. miller ave. healy alonzo, carpenter, res. s. w. cor. catherine and second. healy george, hack driver, bds. s. w. cor. catherine and second. ann arbor city directory. heartley george w., blacksmith, shop e. s fourth, bet. huron and washington, bds. leonard house. hedges samuel e., clerk, bds. s. e. cor. south ingails and monroe. hedges stephen, carpenter and joiner, res. s. e cor. south in- galls and monroe. hees daniel, butcher, res buchoz block, detroit. heinzmann albrecht, tinsmith, bds. west liberty. heinzmann christopher, bds. west liberty. heinzmann jacob, tanner, res. west liberty. heinzmann jacob, (j. heinzmann & son) res. cor. liberty and west third. heinzmann john, bds. west liberty. heinzmann john, (j. heinzmann & son) bas, cor. liberty and west third. heinzmann j. & son, tanners and dealers in leather, findings, etc., south main. hemingway john m., farmer, res. church. henderson joseph, col., blacksmith, shop north fourth, res. io maynard. henderson william, clerk, bds. cook house. henderson william n., barber, res fifth. hendrickson samuel, dealer in groceries and provisions, south state, res. same. hener peter, painter, res. hill. henion a. b., (henion & sumner) res. south main. henion henry, farmer, res. south end west second. henion henry m., singer sewing machine agent, s. e. end west second. henion ira, merchant, res. w. s. south main. henion lauren l., clerk, bois. cook house. henion s. n., res. east liberty. henion & sumner, (a. b. henion and e. sumner) dealers in hats, caps, and furs, east huron. henne frederick, shoemaker, res. liberty, bet. west fourth and west fifth. ann arbor city directory. henne george, laborer, res. west liberty. henne john f., shoemaker, res. west liberty. henning david, fruit buyer, res. n. e. cor. liberty and division. henning edwin, bds. m. e. cor. liberty and division. henrich john, saloon keeper, e. s. fourth, bet. washington and huron. henriques edward c., res. n. e. cor. division and bowery. henry gottlieb, brewer, res. west third. hepfer jacob f., (hepfer & pfisterer) res. s. s. west huron. hepfer & pfisterer, (j. f. hepfer and j. pfisterer) dealers in stoves and tinware, west liberty. hermann august, laborer, res. madison. herz august, (herz & ortmann) res wall. herz william, painter, shop n. s. washington, bet second and main, res. cor. william and second. hewitt thomas l., res. east university ave. hicks wesley, mason, res. wall. higgins george c., clerk, bds. s. e. cor. main and packard. higginson george, carpenter, res. pontiac. hill george d., res. east hill. hill george w., bds. east hill. hill harry, bds. east hill. hill henry, mason, res. north fourth. hill nelson, carriage maker. res. elizabeth. hill thomas f., (hill & chapin) res. s. w. cor. liberty and fourth. hill & chapin, (t. f. hill and c. a. chapin) manufs. of ales and porter, n. w. cor. state and fuller. hiller andrew, carpenter, res. w. s. west sixth. hiller joseph, brewer, bds. s. w. cor. first and washington. hilton william, res. cor. geddes ave. and washtenaw. hilton william, builder, res. forest ave. hines george k., carpenter, res. mill. hines peter, painter, res. end south main. hirth simon, carriage smith, bds. s. s. washington, near first. ann arbor city directory. hiscock charles, clerk, bds. north main. hiscock daniel, farmer, res. north main. hoban mrs. ellen, res. m. w. cor. ann and second. hoban thomas, mason, bols. n. w. cor. ann and second. i lobert arthur s., clerk, bds. gregory house. hoffstetter adolf, (hoffstetter & bro.) bds. south main. hoffstetter j., (hoffstetter & bro.) bds. south main. hoffstetter john g., dealer in groceries and provisions, east washington, res. same. hoffstetter j. & bro., (j. h. and a. h.) groceries, provisions, and hardware, south main. holden charles, gardner, res. s. w. cor. second anºl north. holdcn mrs. e., res. east washington. holliday charles, teamster, res. west end mill. holliday charles, jr., laborer, bds. west end mill. holman orin r., laborer, res. e. s. observatory, near ann. holmes sidney t., dealer in musical instruments and books, picture frames, etc., east huron, res. s. e. cor. thayer and huron. hooker james, mason, res. forest ave. hooper charles, speculator, bas. gregory house. hooper thomas, speculator, bds. gregory house. hope edward, steam fitter, bds. cook house. horn henry k., mason, res. s. s. west fifth. hoskins thomas j., constable, res. cor. north and main. hotchkins thomas, carpenter, res. n. e. end broadway. house samuel, gardner, res. n. e. end broadway. howe harlow h., boarding house, res. east washington. howard franklin, (finnegan, howard & moore) res. junction detroit and fourth. howard matthew, gardener, res. west end high. howard mrs. mary, res. east ann. howley mrs. mary, res. n. s. ann, bet. ingalls and observatory. hughes william, miller, res. spring. hulbert william, res. south state. hull mrs. jerusha, tailoress, res. south ingalls. ann arbor city directory. jenkins caradoc c., (jenkins & white) res. cor. madison and west third. - jenkins hugh r., mason, res. second. jenkins & white, dentists, office south main. jennings m. e., res. maynard. jenter charles, cabinet maker, res. liberty. jenter herman, book-keeper, bds. west liberty. jerome mrs. carrie c., clothes cleaner and repairer, east huron, res. same. jewell aurelia, cook at cook house. jewell thursey, cook at cook house. jewell james, bds. north fifth. jewell james, laborer, bds. north fifth. jewell john, laborer, res. north fifth. jewell richard, res. s. s. north near main. jewett george, blacksmith, res. w. s. grove. jewett s. p., res. west huron. johnson edward h., cooper, res. north fifth. johnson elias j., dealer in hats and caps, south main, res. cor. washington and division. johnson frank e., clerk, bds. north fifth. johnson h. e., col., barber, res. fourth near public square. johnson mrs. jennie, res. felch. johnson john, mason, res. felch. johnson john, col., laborer, res. wall. johnson john g., clerk, res. cor fifth and packard. johnson richard j., col., porter, res. s. w. end fourth. johnson william, col., laborer, res. s. s. pitcher. johnston john, carpenter, res. wall. jolly w. b., meat market, north university, res. same. jones charles m., book-keeper, bds. broadway. jones elisha, professor in university of michigan, res. e. s. state bet. lawrence and catherine. jones james, cooper shop, broadway, res. broadway. jones james, jr., cooper, bas. broadway. jones john, cooper, bds. broadway. ann arbor city directory. jones joseph, bds. state. jones marvin v. k., mason, res. elizabeth. jones philander, laborer, res. io& south main. judson mrs. l., res. north university. ix kach george, tailor, res. west second. kahoe lawrence, laborer, res. w.s. pitcher near hickory. kaiser mrs. hannah, res. o south main. kaiser charles, cigar maker, bds. o south main. kajuka august, laborer, res. cor. william and first. kalmbach jacob, laborer, bds. washtenaw. kapp christian f., teamster, res. washtenaw. kapp frank, tailor, res. west second. kapp john, physician, office south main, res. s. e. cor. first and jefferson. - katz jacob, tailor, bds. w. s. pontiac bet. fourth and fifth. kartz gottlieb, teacher of german, res. cor. washington and west second. katz john, tailor, res. w. s. pontiac bet. fourth and fifth. kay william, blacksmith, bds. spring. kean frank, cigar manuf., e. s. spring, res. same. kean james, clerk, bds. ann. kean john, clerk, bds. ann. kean mrs. catherine, res. w. s. first, bet. huron and ann. kearns christopher, bds. cor. fourth and catherine. kearns richard, blacksmith, bds. north main. kearns thomas, blacksmith, bds. north main. kearns william, blacksmith, res. north main. keating john w., printer, and publisher of “ann arbor city directory,” bds. s. s. ann, bet. ingalls and observatory. keating thomas j., cigar maker, bds. s. s. ann bet. ingalls and observatory. keating timothy e., mason, res. s. s. ann bet. ingalls and observatory. kebler george, carpenter, res. fourth. ann arbor city directory. kraft jacob, bartender, bds. south main. krapf conrad, carpenter, res. jefferson. krapf hermann, lumber dealer, res. thompson. “krapf richard, laborer, bds. jefferson. krause caleb, (krause & ambruster) res. s. s. liberty bet. main and second. krause g. a., bds. south liberty. krause henry, leather and findings, south main, res. west liberty. krause philip, tanner, res. west second. krause & ambruster, (caleb krause and john ambruster) house and carriage painters, s. s. liberty bet. main and second. krouff leonard, carpenter shop, s. s. washington, bet. fourth and fifth, res. washington. kuhn frederick, carpenter, res. west liberty. kuhn william, track repairer, res. west liberty. kuhn william, blacksmith, bds. west liberty. kuhnle gottlieb, carpenter, res. e. s. fountain near cherry. kuhnes martin, brewer, bols. kossuth house. kunner john, jeweler, res. west third. kurterer john, laborer, res. brown. kurterer michael, laborer, bds. brown. kurtness c. j., bds. lawrence. l ladd mrs. thomas m., res. n. w. cor. catherine and thayer. ladies' library rooms, over first national bank. laffrey anthony, builder, res. elizabeth. lane mrs. m., res. thompson. lang john, carriage smith, bds. e. s. west second, bet. william and liberty. lang joseph, mason, res. w. s. west second. lang martin, mason, bols. n. s. hill. lang margaret, res. west second. lansing frank, res. e. s. south second. ann arbor city directory. * lansing frank e., clerk, res. s. s. liberty, bet. fifth and division. latimer charles, bds. south division. latimer lester, res. south division. latson mrs. e. r., res. maynard. * laubengayer henry, clerk, res. william. laubengayer jacob, meat market, south main, res. same. laubengayer john g., flour and feed, west liberty, res. same. laughlin john, saloon, s. s. depot, bet. pontiac and fifth, res. same. laughlin mrs. mary, res. s. e. cor. fifth and packard. lawrence hon. edwin, (lawrence & frazer) res. east north. lawrence john f., lawyer, office s. w. cor. huron and fourth. bds. east north. lawrence & frazer, (edwin lawrence and robert e. frazer) law office, north main. lawson charles, clerk, bds. south fifth. lawson frank, telegraph operator, bds. south fifth. lawson j. w., blacksmith, res. south fifth. leach mrs. frank, res. south thayer. leiter charles a., (c. a. leiter & co.) bds. east huron. leiter c. a. & co., (c. a. leiter and t. w. root) dealers in drugs, medicines, surgical instruments, etc., n. w. cor. main and huron. lennon john, mason, res. end broadway. lennon spencer, clerk, bds. w. s. broadway. leonard andrew m., saloon keeper, leonard house, bds. same. leonard house, s. s. huron, bet. main and second, t. f. leonard, proprietor. leonard mrs. s. a., res. e. s. detroit, bet. fuller and state. leonard patrick, res. e. s. detroit, bet. division and north. leonard robert p., clerk gregory house, bds. same. leonard william h., book binder, bols. e. s. detroit, bet. fuller and state. leland joshua g., farmer, res. east william. lentz, william, laborer, res. fifth. ann arbor city directory. lucas morris, col., barber, shop s. s. huron, bet. main and second, saloon s. w. cor. fourth and catherine, bds. e. s. north main. ludlow charles h., clerk, bols. s. w. cor. fourth and packard. lutz charles. l., harness maker, res. west liberty. lutz christian, blacksmith, res. south second. lutz george f., saloon keeper, o south main, res. same. lutz george f., jr., cigar. maker, bds. o south main. lutz john g., carpenter, res. west second. lutz john g., jr., res. west second. lutz mallkeab, cabinet maker, res. end west liberty. lutz philip, tailor, res. e. s. west third. lymburner william, res. south ingalls. lymburner william, jr., clerk, bds. south ingalls. lynch john, farmer, res. east north. m mack christian, (mack & schmid) res. south fourth. mack & schmid, (christian mack and frederick schmid) dealers in dry goods, groceries, etc., south main. mager adam, mason, res. traver. mager adam jr., mason, res. broadway. mahoney mrs. mary, col., res. n. s. ann bet. ingalls and obser- vatory. - mallory eugene, clerk, bds. south main. mallory henry, carpenter bds. south main. mallory william h., (douglass, mallory & co.) res. south main. maloy james, laborer, res. miller ave. manley charles, register of deeds, res. north end broadway. manley eli s., res. traver. mann emanuel, (eberbach & co.) res. w. s. south main. mann gustavus, retired merchant, bds. west huron near mann. mann henry j. book-keeper, bds. w. s. south main. mark edward l., professor in university of michigan, res. same. markley dora, res. so th division. ann arbor city directory. markham augustine h., farmer, res. south end main. . markle fred, marble cutter, bds. e. s. division bet. jefferson and madison. markle john c., laborer, res. south division. maroney john, meat market, broadway, bds. same. - maroney mrs. margaret, res. e. s. second. martin aldoff, res. thayer bet. ann and catherine. martin benjamin, (martin & son) res. east washington. martin john, teamster, res north end traver. martin mrs. ellen, res. s. w. cor. fourth and north. martin oliver, undertaker, res. east liberty. martin thomas, mason, res. bowery. mason paschal, farmer, res. north pontiac. masten aretus, farmer, res. north pontiac. masten elisha, teamster, res. n s. bowery. masten william, farmer, res. washtehaw ave. matthews henry, meat market, s. s. huron bet. main and second, res. west liberty. matthews john, butcher, bds. south second. matthews roger, (matthews & son) res. south second. matthews thomas, (matthews & son) bds. south second. matthews & son, (roger and thomas) meat market, n. s. ann bet. main and fourth. maye john, laborer, res. first bet. liberty and william. mayer daniel, cabinet maker, res. fifth. mayer jacob, machinist, bds. first. maynard fred a., bds. north division. maynard john h., dry goods merchant, north main, bds. north division. maynard john w., res. north division. mccarty william, laborer, res. east ann. mccollum albert d., moulder, bds. north pontiac. mccollum david t., book-keeper, res. north pontiac. mccollum thomas b., bds. north pontiac. mccracken mrs. lucinda g., res. to wall. mccracken robert g., printer, bds. io wall. ann arbor city directory. medical institute and mineral spring house, w. s. mann near west huron. - meodhart charles, res. wall. merkle william, shoemaker, res. n. s. west liberty. merriman george b., professor in university of michigan, res. s.s. north university. methodist episcopal church, n. w. cor. state and washington. meyer charles, clerk, bds. n. s. catherine bet. division and fifth. meyer jacob d., harness maker, bas. n.s. catherine bet. division and fifth. meyer john, carpenter, res. w. s. west sixth- michigan argus, e. b. pond, proprietor, south main. michigan university medical journal, conducted by the faculty of the medical department, r. a. beal publisher. miley george, mason, res. forest ave. millard mrs. elizabeth, res. washington. millen chauncey h., dealer in dry goods, south main, res. junction washtenaw and huron aves. millen charles s., clerk, res. junction washtenaw and huron aves. - - millen chauncey h., second, clerk, bds. n. s. washington bet. division and fifth. - millen daniel s., soap factory, north end state, res. north pontiac. miller andrew, bds. buchoz block, detroit. miller christian, painter, bds. north fourth. miller george, pump maker, res. north fourth. miller george jr., painter, bds. north fourth. miller jacob, cigar maker, e. s. detroit bet. north and division. miller john, laborer, res. e. s. brown. miller john f., (miller & webster) res. s. s. miller ave. miller john g., sash, blind and door factory, w. s. detroit bet. division and north, res. adjoining shop. miller j. r., res. io west huron. miller markmith, carpenter, res. forest ave. ann arbor city directory. morehouse isaac, carpenter, res. north fourth. morehouse samuel, res. north. morgan e. w., lawyer, office e. s. fourth bet. huron and ann, res. east huron. morris george s., professor in university of michigan, bds. east huron. morris james h., land agent, bds. cook's hotel. mors peter, bakery, broadway, res. same. morse mrs. honorah, res. cor. state and north. morse samuel, barber, shop s. s. huron bet. main and fourth, res. s. e. end west second. morwick james, architect and builder, res. o east washington. moss george, col., barber, res. east huron. moss mrs. ann, col., hair dressing rooms, east huron, res. sanne. mount barclay b., mason, res. east huron. mozart don j., watchmaker, res. . lawrence. mulholland james, farmer, res. liberty. muhlig florian, (f. muhlig & sons) res. south main. muhlig florian jr., (f. muhlig & sons) bds. south main. muhlig john, (f. muhlig & sons) res. south main. muhlig f. & sons, (florian, florian jr., and john) undertakers and manufs. and dealers in furniture, south main. mulligan patrick, building mover, res. broadway. mundy john c., lawyer, bds. west huron. murnane john, bas. north fourth. murphy rev. john r., pastor st. thomas' catholic church, res. east north. - murray michael, pump maker, res. s. s. jefferson. n naunafalld william, carpenter, res. s. s. liberty, bet. first and second. nebel franz, saloon, north main, res. west sixth, near liberty. neber franz, res. west fifth, bet. liberty and jefferson. o ann arbor city, directory. neidhamer george, laborer, res. traver. neizer gottleib, res. south main. newman david, ostler leonard house, bds. same. nichols harrison a., drugs and groceries, broadway, bds. sanne. nichols howard, clerk, bds. broadway. nichols john a., res. broadway. nichols william w., dentist, office south main, res. east washington. nickels john h., meat market, south state, res. n. w. cor. - huron and thayer. - nickels thomas c., butcher, res. south state. noble adelbert, bds. catherine. noble lawrence, res. south state. noble sylvester d., pattern maker, res. m. s. west huron. noble william, manuf sash, doors, and blinds, s. w. cor. fifth and depot, res. catherine. noll conrad, shoemaker, res. s. w.end west second. noll martin, boot and shoe manuf., broadway, res. same. nordman emil, farmer, res. south main. nordman frederick, laborer, bols. south main. north george m., agent howe sewing machines, office e. s. fourth, bet. huron and ann, res. east washington. north dr. george w., res. w. s. end north main. northern brewery, w. s. mill, near broadway. norton charles, (kelley & norton) bds. s. e. cor. main and north. norton mrs. john g., res. south fourth. norton mrs. thomas, res. n. w. cor. fourth and depot. norton nellie m., tailoress, bds. n. w. cor. fourth and depot. nuhuf henry, engineer, res. west third. nye nelson b, res. north second. o o'brien james, clerk, bds. east liberty. o'brien john, gas fitter, bds. east liberty. ann arbor city directory. otis s. t., farmer, res. end west huron. o'toole michael, laborer, res. e. s. observatory, near ann. o'toole patrick, res. e. s. ingalls, bet. north university and washington. p pack clarkson l., dealer in tobacco and cigars, io east huron, res. w. s. ingalls, bet. catherine and lawrence. pack john c., painter, bds. north first. pack morris, shoemaker, res. north first. pack watson l., clerk, bds. w. s. ingalls, bet. catherine and lawrence. palmer alonzo b., physician, and professor in university of michigan, res. n. w. cor. division and ann. palmer george, mason, res. w. s. north main, near depot. parker franklin l., lawyer, res. fifth. parker william, currier, res. e. s. main, bet. ann and catherine. parks mrs. lucinda r., res. south fifth. parshall james j., res. maynard. partridge alfred h., proprietor of patridge mills, cor. grove and hill, res. e. s. state, bet. south university and hill. pattengill albert h., professor in university of michigan, res. north state. - patton mrs. h. h., res. north university. paquet peter, hack driver, res. north main. paul henry, clerk, res. spring. pawling john h., printer, bds. e. s. main, bet. catherine and north. pearl albert, col., laborer, res. wall. pease franklin e., carpenter, res. packard. pease galusha j., (pease & fleming) res. east washington. pease & fleming, (galusha j. pease and edward fleming) hard- ware, stoves, and tinware, south main. peebles j. h., res. jefferson. . peebles mary a., res. south fifth. ann arbor city directory. peek jeremiah, res. north main. pendleton e. w., res. lawrence. peninsular courier and family wisitant, r. a. beal, proprietor, and north main. perkins john, bds. cook house. perkins mrs. j. e., res. jefferson. . perrin hiram, (wood & perrin) res. south main. perry shields, teamster, res. traver. - perry walter s., superintendent of ann arbor union high and ward schools, res. jefferson. pettibone samuel, surveyor, office in mcmahon's block, res. cor. washington and ingalls. pfeile adam, laborer, res. west fourth. pfisterer john, (hepfer & pfisterer) bds. cook house. phillips mrs. mary, res. north fourth. picard hiram, carpenter, res. e. s. grant. pickett david, laborer, res. w. s. state, bet. fuller and north. pierce nathan h., res. north pontiac. place charles, laborer, res. north pontiac. plus august, laborer, res. s. e. end west second. podevils frederick, laborer, res. cor. second and william. polhemus abram. s., (j. a. polhemus & son) res. s. w. cor. fourth and washington. polhemus arthur, (storms & polhemus) bds. pontiac. polhemus eugene, bds. north division. polhemus jacob a., (j. a. polhemus & son) res. south fourth. polhemus mrs. s. e. res. north division. polhemus j. a. & son., (jacob a. and abram s.) livery and sale stable, s. e. cor. main and catherine. pond elihu b., proprietor of the michigan argus, south main, res. south state. pond george h., printer, bds. east huron. porter charles b., dentist, office s. e. cor. main and huron, res. cor. washtenaw ave. and orleans. porter edward, wool dealer, res. east washington. ann arbor city directory. rapalje theodore, res. e. s. second, bet. ann and catherine. rawson ira. g., printer, bds. e. s. main, bet. catherine and north. rayer william, meat market, east huron, res. same. raymond mrs. m. e., res. lawrence. reck stephen, marble cutter, res. w. s. detroit, near depot. reidy thomas, laborer, res. south thayer. - reddington maggie, dressmaker, res. e. s. fourth, bet. huron and ann. reinhardt charles, tinsmith, bds, cor. fifth and packard. reinhardt john m., boot and shoe manuf., south main, res. cor. fifth and packard. rentschler frederick, saloon, liberty, res. same. rest charles, col., blacksmith, res. east volland. rettich charles, tinsmith, bds. and east washington. rettich frederick, restaurant and music hall, and east washington, res. same. reuther h., res. fifth. revenaugh sam. b., photographic and portrait studio, east huron, res. north main. reyle adrew, tailor, res. washington. rhodes george h., carpenter, shop wall, res. broadway. rhodes lewis, (haviland & rhodes) res. broadway. rice benjamin f., boots and shoes, south main, res. east washington. richards charles, bds. e. s. fifth, bet. detroit and catherine. richards john, mason, res. n. s. catherine, near first. richards miss (misses richards & forbes) millinery and dress- making rooms, south main, res. same. richardson emilus, carpenter, bds, cor. packard and division. richardson emory, carpenter, res. cor. packard and division. richardson oakley, laborer, res. south division. richmond charles h., res. east huron. riggs james h., col., well digger, res. wall. rihm christopher, laborer, res. west jefferson. riley michael, bds. walker house. ann arbor city directory. root charles, res cor. cherry and fountain. root erastus, res. io spring. root mrs. m. j., res. north state. root tracy w., (c. a. leiter & co.) res. east huron. rose preston b., professor in university of michigan, res. cor. state and jefferson. rosenburg john, cabinet maker, res. end west liberty. roth p. r., dealer in yankee notions, groceries, etc., s. e. cor. liberty and second, res. same. royce james f., res. east ann. roys alpheus, wood turner, s. w. cor. fifth and north, res. cor. west second and west jefferson. ruoff frederick, proprietor of ruoff's brewery, n. s. fuller, bet. elizabeth and state, res. same. rupff george, proprietor of ann arbor city dye house, south second, res. same. rupp david, carpenter, res. west second. ruschenberger thomas, carpenter, res. e. s. west fourth. russell noah, col., laborer, res. n. s. hill. ruthruff samuel, res. wall. ryan catherine, tailoress and dressmaker, east huron, res. saline. ryan hannah, tailoress, res. east huron. ryan patrick, laborer, res. e. s. main, near north. s sage james r., teacher of vocal and instrumental music, william, res. same. sage orvill w., laborer, bds. o william. saefaet phillip, laborer, res. w. s. brown. sager abram, physician, and professor in university of michigan, res. south state. sager alfred, bds. south state. samsum william h., carpenter, res. south ingalls. sanford rufus s., (sanford & carpenter) res. north fourth. sanford thomas, res. s. w. cor. main and mosely. o ann arbor city directory. seabolt jacob, res. north pontiac. seabolt martin, proprietor city laundry, res. wall. seabolt moses, (rinsey & seabolt) res. washtenaw. seabolt & mccollum, (j. seabolt and h. c. mccollum) manufs. of brooms, brushes, etc., wall. seacory j., engineer, res. north end traver. seaman ezra c., lawyer, res. east huron. second ward german school, west first. second ward school, cor. west fourth and west jefferson. segler andrew, laborer, res. hill. sessions john q. a., lawyer, justice of the peace, and insurance agent, ii east huron, res. m. e. cor. spring and high. sessions hanson, farmer, res. south fifth. seyfried adam, bds. west fourth, bet. west jefferson and west liberty. seyfried george, laborer, res. grove. seyfried sebastian, res. grove. seyler adam d., (seyler & gruner) res. n. e. cor. felch and fountain. seyler & gruner, (a. d. seyler and l. gruner) dealers in boots and shoes, north main. shadford john h., miller, res. broadway. shaible ulrich, tanner, res. west fifth. shall william, painter, bds. wall. shannon robert, printer, res. miller ave. sharl julius, tailor, res. grove. shaw jacob, laborer, bds. w. s. detroit, near depot. shaw james, drayman, res. w. s. detroit, near depot. shaw john c., drayman, res. forest ave. shaw william a., drayman, bds. forest ave, sheldon newton, secretary of washtenaw mutual fire insurance company, south main, res. w. s. forest ave. shelmire frederick g., watch maker, bas. east liberty. sheehan henry, tailor, bds. buchoz block, detroit. sheehan mrs. martha, res. north fifth. ann arbor city directory. - sheehan patrick h., deputy postmaster, bds. north fifth. shepard rev. benjamin, res. orleans. shottle charles, wagon maker, bds. cook's hotel. showers solomon s., tinsmith, bds. south fifth. shulters peter, fence builder, res. north pontiac. shutts a. t., book binder, res. traver. sinclair john, bds. west end washtenaw. sinke august t., clerk, bds. south main, near toll gate. sinke belinda b., res. cor. main and philip. simonds james s., col., barber, shop fast huron, res. east ann. sipley j. f., (j. f. sipley & son) res. west huron. sipley paul, (j. f. sipley & son) bās. west huron. sipley j. f. & son, (j. f. and paul) meat market, east liberty. sipple caleb, student, res. thompson. slane thomas, laborer, res. traver. slater john, tinsmith, res. n. s, fountain, bet. felch and spring. slawson edward r., lawyer, and of the firm of slawson & son, res. north fifth. slawson luman r., (slawson & son) res. north fifth. slawson & son, (luman r. and edward r.) dealers in groceries, provisions, crockery, etc., s. e. cor. huron and fourth. sleven morris, laborer, bds. north division. slinder mrs. frederick, res. south main. slinner george, well digger, res. end south main. smith e. l., machinist, res. east huron. smith eliza, res. cor. orleans and church. smith george w., shoemaker, res. s. s. miller ave., near mann. smith henry, laborer, res. wall. smith james o., boot and shoe manuf., north main, res. s. s. miller ave., near mann. smith misses lydia and rachel s., dressmakers, south state, res. sanne. - smith mrs. rev. george, res. south state. smith ransom s., president ann arbor savings bank, res. north university. - - ann arbor city directory. v. smith samuel, carriage trimmer, res. cor. main and pontiac. smith wellington d., res. cor. thayer and south university. smith william, barber, shop south main, bds. leonard house. smith willard b., physician and surgeon, office and res. east huron. smith wilbur, surveyor, res. cor. huron and ingalls. snell emory w., res. east ann. snell richard, res. east ann. sondheim solomon, merchant tailor, south main, res. east liberty. sorg albert, painter, bds. packard. sorg frederick, house, sign, and ornamental painter, shop east washington, res. packard. spalding a., blacksmith, res. huron. spalding f. a., physician, office and res. io cor. state and washington. spafford oscar c., (spafford & dodsley) res. north state. spafford & dodsley, (oscar c. spafford and henry b. dodsley) wholesale and retail manufs. of all kinds of cooper work, cor. detroit and fifth. * spathelf frederick, shoemaker, bds. cor. fifth and william. spathelf george, carpet weaver, res. n. e. end pontiac. speechly george, shoemaker, res. lincoln. speechly george, boot and shoe manuf., % south state, res. hiscock. speechly thomas, shoemaker, res. lincoln. sperlock lewis, col., assistant porter at cook's hotel. sperry david, upholsterer, res. cor. huron and state. spohr mrs. dora, res. west second. spoor charles, manuf. of harness, saddles, etc., south main, res. w. s. fifth, bet. william and jefferson. sprague jonathan, merchant tailor, south main, res. north * pontiac. squall james, res. division. ann are or city direurorw. ss squirl james, laborer, res. second. stagg francis c., carpenter, res. east university. stagg william, printer, bds. ii east university. stark jacob, night watchman at m. c. r. r. depot, res. pontiac. stabler george, laborer, res. west liberty. stearla michael, laborer, res. west william. steele rev. ebenezer, res. east huron. steele valentine, lawyer, bds. east huron. stelle william n., dealer in confectionery, tobacco, and cigars, south main, res. west catherine. steencken hermann, insurance agent, res. washington, bet. main and fourth. steinmann john c., book-keeper, bds. s. w.cor. washington and first. stevens mrs. annie, res. south division. stidal jacob, track repairer, res. w. s. west sixth. stiling edward, special night watchman, res. n. e. end mill. stocking julia, bookfolder, bds. w. s. end north main. stocking mrs. res. w. s. end north main. stockwell james, carpenter, res. e. s. church. stoll john, teamster, res. s. s. hill. stoll david, track repairer, res. w. s. brown. storms edward j., painter, res. wall. storms eliza, agent florence sewing machines, bds, broadway. storms george, laborer, bds. broadway. storms hiram, (storms & polhemus) res. broadway. storms jacob, shoemaker, res. broadway. storms & polhemus, (h. storms and a. polhemus) woolen mills, s. s. mill. - stone george, res division. streeter james w., res. east ann. stringham rev. stephen c., res. thompson. strong frank, bill poster, res. s. s. end east washington. struve george, lock and gunsmith, and bell hanger, east washington, bds. gregory house. ann arbor city directory. strong nelson, res. s. s. packard, bet. main and fourth. sumner james e., (henion & sumner) res. m. e. cor. state and monroe. sutherland andrew j., (sutherland & whedon) res. south main. sutherland castle, (c. sutherland & co.) res. e. s. detroit, near depot. sutherland mrs. samuel g., res. east catherine. sutherland c. & co., (c. sutherland, l. e. allen, w. w. whe- don, and a. j. sutherland) dealers in lumber, lath, shingles, etc., yards. w. cor. fourth and depot. sutherland & whedon, (a. j. sutherland and w. w. whedon) real estate brokers, commission, life, fire, and accident insurance agents, and proprietors of mineral springs house, office east huron, up stairs. swartwout monroe, clerk, bds. s. s. north, bet. state and thayer. swartwout mrs. ersenith, res. s. e. cor. huron and ingalls. swathel john t., proprietor of ann arbor city mills, e. s. north main, near depot, res. south state. swift john m., (deubel, swift & co.) res. e. s. elizabeth, bet. fuller and north. swift mrs. rachel, res. ii north state. swift mrs. s. e., res. north state. t tarrant richard, boot and shoe dealer, south main, bds. n. w. cor. main and william. tasmer paul, laborer, res. cor. first and william. tate william, farmer, res. east liberty. taylor jay c., patent bed spring manuf., broadway, res. sanne. taylor john h., mover of buildings, res. division. taylor rev. george, res. south thayer. taylor sibley g., lawyer, south main, res. e. s. thayer bet. washington and north university. telegraph office, east huron. ann arbor city directory. taylor theodore, dealer in groceries and provisions, south main, res. s. w. cor. south thayer and south uni- versity. teats hermann, barber, shop east huron, res. cor. thayer and washington. ten brook andrew, professor in university of michigan, res. e. s. washtenaw ave. terhune enoch, insurance agent, res. north state. terry albert a., dealer in hats, caps and furs, south main, res. south division. teufel anton, harness maker, res. cor. hill and main. thayer charles, res. east huron. thomas alfred e., col., cook, res. north main. thompson mrs. apoloney, res. maynard. thompson charles b., insurance agent, bds. cook's hotel. thompson chauncey, hack driver, bds. maynard. thompson seth, res. south division. thompson thaddeus, proprietor of hack line, bds. maynard. tibbals, william g., stave manuf., res. north state. tice clarence, hack driver, bds. n.s. ann bet. first and second. tice john, carpenter, res. s. s. hiscock bet. fountain and spring. tice william, laborer, res. north main. tolchard william a., teller first national bank, res. south division. tomlinson sheldon, res. north state. torrey edward, mill-wright, res. end north main. trahey william, laborer, res. s. s. bowery near state. trake william, res. bowery. traver alva, machinist, res. mill. traver miss julia, bookfolder, bds. broadway. traver mrs. absalom, res. broadway. traver richard c., gunsmith, east liberty, res. thompson. tremain warren, res. lawrence. tripp charles, (tripp, ailes & price) res. east huron. ann arbor city directory. tripp, ailes & price, (charles tripp, robert k. ailes and robert j. price) foundry and machine shop, s. s. huron west of first. truair mrs. l. j., clothes cleaner, s. s. liberty bet. first and second, res. same. tucker oscar, clerk, bds. w.s. division bet. liberty and william. turner mary c., res. e. s. thompson. tyler moses coit, professor in university of michigan, res. east north. tyler d. m., physician, office and res. broadway. u union school, bet. huron, washington, state and thayer. unitarian church, s. w. cor. fifth and ann. united states assistant assessor's office, r. j. barry, assistant assessor, south main. united states revenue collector's office, bradley f. granger, collector, south main, university chronicle, published every alternate saturday, by students of the university. university of michigan, bet. state, east, north and south university. - upjohn uriah, res. north university. v. vail miss azubah, res. broadway. vandawarker edwin, shoe shop, % east huron, res. e. s. fifth bet. ann and huron. vandawarker jacob, shoemaker, res. north fifth. vaughan leonard, res. church. vaughan w. b., patent roofing, res. e. s. detroit. vesal philip j., cooper, res. south second. vincent james, mason, res. cor. second and north. volland a. j., bds. east ann. volz christian, cabinet maker, res. west fourth bet. william and west jefferson. |- ，**…*|× |- |-|- -， -： - - - - - ~♥~ … º.） tºm ſº ſº . ann arbor city directory. drugs, medicines, chemicals. eberbach & co., apothecaries and chemists. also dealers in drugs, medicines chemicals, perfumery, fancy articles, chemical apparatus, truss, etc., etc. patent medicines and all aritcles kept by druggists generally. also, wines and liquors for medicinal use. physicians' prescriptions carefully prepared. no. south main street, ann arbor, mich. hutzel &c co., keep on hand a full supply of paints, oils, groceries window glass, brushes, etc. no. south main street, ann arbor, mich. i oo ann arbor city directory. rockwell bryant t., north main, up stairs. seyler & gruner, north main. smith & son, north main. * tarrant richard, south main. vandawarker edwin, % east huron, up stairs. brewers. ekhardt brothers, cor. liberty and first. hill & chapin, n. w. cor. state and fuller. ruoff frederick, n. s. fuller bet. state and elizabeth. volz john a., s. e. cor. fifth and summit. western brewery, west fourth. brick yard. moran john, mosely near south main. br )om manufacturers. seabolt & mccollum, wall. carriage and wagon makers. arksey nicholas, w. s. detroit opposite divison. burnett asa, n. e. cor. main and catherine. brown michael, east liberty. bross jacob f., south main. handy, wurster & mclean, and north fourth. harris john, w. s. main bet. ann and catherine. klais john, n. s. washington bet. main and second. schmidt andrew r., n. e. cor. detroit and north. schneider john, south second. walker christian, s. s. liberty bet. main and second. wagner john jr., n. e. cor. washington and second. cigar manufacturers. benham samuel g., io east huron. harkins john, n. w. cor. main and ann. roland louis, e. s. detroit, bet. ann and catherine. ann arbor city directory. o-o to the metropolitan no. south main st., for millinery, ribbons, flowers, laces, hosiery, gloves, towels, napkins, table linens and fans. parasols, sun umbrellas, corsets, ladies' made-up dresses and undergarments, etc., etc. a large stock always on hand. h. cohen. peninsular paper co., ypsilanti, mich. capital, $ , . manufacturers of all kinds of book am) news printing papers this establishment is complete in all its various departments, and the largest extant in the state. john w. vancleve, s. a. barnes, secretary. president. ann arbor city directory. i og claim agent. gott john n., s. e. cor. huron and fourth. clothing. jacobs joe t., south main. sondheim solomon, south main. wagner william, south main. coal dealers. cole nelson b., s. w. cor. huron and fifth. widenmann & schuh, and south main. commission merchants. wood & perrin, s. e. cor. depot and fifth. composition roofing. murray michael, s. s. jefferson bet. fifth and division. vaughan w. b., e. s. detroit. confectioners. hangsterfer j. & son, south main. schlotterbeck hermann, south main. stelle william n., south main. walz ludwig, o south main. coopers. dieterle adam, s. e. cor. liberty and first. jones james, broadway. schroder adam, e. s. second bet. catherine and ann. schuh michael, south second. spafford & dodsley, cor. detroit and fifth. crockery and glassware. dean & co., south main. don elly j. & p., east huron. gild, rist a., east huron. io ann arbor city directory. the universal bath. w this commonplace yet exceedingly useful article is simple, strong, compact and durable, yet light and easy to manipulate, and marvel- ously adjustable. by various simple modifications of this one vessel, it affords sponge, hip, spine, half and full baths; small for a child and large for an adult, and takes but little water. it is soft, pliable and grateful to the touch. it may be used readily in the sick room, or any room without danger of soiling carpet or furniture, and for storage may be hung against the wall as tidy as a common garment. the price is $ , and many who have used it for several years esteem this bath, which requires no special room, preferable to an ordinary bath room andfixtures, at ten times the cost. it is the embodiment of cheapness, simplicity and efficiency. the universal bath is sold exclusively by canvassers. the enterprise had at first much to encounter. al- though nearly every intelligent person praised it, yet scarcely one in a thousand had conveniences for bathing, and we soon learned that to influence those who had a bath, to try something better, and to con- vince those who had not, that there was a necessity for its use, or even that cleanliness was productive of health, was a difficult task. still, the work has steadily progressed, until now the universal bath is quite common in more than half of the states in the union, and from all parts and nearly all grades of men, come the most deci- sive and enthusiastic testimonials of its merits. orders for baths promptly executed. price, # . . ann arbor city directory. io? clancy john, east huron. coyle luke, n. s. ann bet. main and fourth. donovan patrick, o broadway. fantle charles, south main. mack & schmid, south main. maynard john h., north main. millen chauncey h., south main. o'hara william, north main. wines & worden, south main. dye house. rupff george, south second. eating houses. besimer william, s. s. huron, bet. main and second. clark & cropsey, south main. drake nathan, east huron. goetz john, m. c. r. r. depot. flour and feed. duffy edward, n. w. cor. main and ann. hoffstetter john g. east washington. kelly & norton, n. w. cor. ann and fourth. laubengayer john g., west liberty. rinsey & seabolt, east washington. flouring mills. cummings c., e. s. broadway, north of maiden lane. goodale & henley, miles northwest of city. gray & co., one and one-half miles n. w. of city. osborn h. &. j., four miles n. w. of city. partridge a. h., cor. grove and hill, swathel. j. t., e. s. north main. swift, deubel & co., w. s. broadway, near river. io ann arbor city directory. foundries. finnegan, howard & moore, e. s. broadway near river. tripp, ailes & price, s. s. huron, west of first. fruit packers. henning david, foot of detroit. spafford & dodsley, cor. detroit and fifth. wood & perrin, s. e. cor. fourth and depot. furniture. keck john & co., south main. muehlig f. & sons, south main. gents’ furnishing goods. gilbert & co., east huron. henion & sumner, east huron. jacobs joe t., south main. johnson e. j., south main. sondheim solomon, south main. terry a. a., south main. wagner william, south main. glue manufacturer. schleck ernest, s. s. liberty near west seventh. grocers. ann arbor trading association, south main. bell andrew, east washington. boylan b. f., s. w. cor. huron and fifth. clancy john, east huron. clark & cropsey, south main. clarken george, n. s. ann bet. main and fourth. coyle luke, n. s. ann bet. main and fourth. donnelly j. & p., east huron. donovan patrick, io broadway. ann arbor city directory. wood & perrin, produce and commission merchants apples, cider, pork, and wool, specialties. opposite the m. c. r. r. depot. sellick wood. h. m. i'erkin. william herz, house, sign, ornamental, and fresco painter papering, glazing, gilding, calcimining, and work of every description in ray line done in the best style and warranted to give satisfaction. shop no. west washington street. ""ntcholas arksey, manufacturer of carriages buggies, wagons and sleighs. of every style. made of the best material and warranted. repairing done promptly, and prices reasonable. detroit street, near railroad depot, ann arbor, mich. kelly & norton^ dealers in flour, feed and grain flower, garden and field seeds. corner of ann and fourth streets. ann arbor city directory. ii w. a. lovejoy, tobacconist and dealer in first class cigars and the best brands of fancy smoking tobacco, snuffs, meerschaum and briar pipes and a general assortment of smoker's articles. east hubon st., ann abb ob. carriage, wag n ahd slim manufactory christian walker, w. liberty, between main and second sts. carriages, wagons, and sleighs made to order and in the most modern styles. repainting, repairing and altering over all styles of second hand work. also, horse shoeing, and other kinds of job work done. all work warranted of the first class. . w. effner, snpt. of painting and trimming department. f~ muhligt&tsoisrs. manufacturers and wholesale dealers in furniture § upholstery looking glasses, etc. undertaking in all its branches. all orders for new goods promptly filled. also dealers in all kinds of hardwood lumber all kinds of lumber sawed to order at our mill in mooreville. no. south main street, ann arbor, mich. j. xt. binder, meat market keeps on hand all kinds of fresh and salt meats, smoked meats, lard, etc., etc. liberty, between main and second sts. r ann arbor city directory. cit t -a-ir/c-a-idel. clark & cropsey no. south main st., ann arbor. grocers and bakers. dealers in all kinds of fruits, confectioneries, ice cream am) soda water. auo, caterers to the public in the shape of a first-class res- taurant, on strictly temperance principles. martin clark. george w. cropsey. ie. ib. q-iidxjietz", (successor to colgrove & son) dealer in drugs and medicines chemicals, perfumery, glass, putty, paints, oils, varnishes, dye stuffs, carbon oil, pure wines and liquors for medical purposes. prescrip- tions carefully compounded. east huron street, ann arbor, michigan. j. hangsterfer & son, proprietors of hangsterfer's hall. wholesale and retail 'confectioners, and dealers in toys and fruits. manufacturers of the celebrated dr. delow's cough candy. no. south main street. partridge's mills. fl o ubing mills. all articles in this line, including double bolted, double extra flour. s.atw mills. all hard woods sawed to order. a large assortment of hard wood lumber on hand. i ann arbur city directory. lime kiln. burk lewis, n. s. depot bet. fourth and main. livery, sale and boarding stables. krause caleb, s. s. liberty, bet. main and second. robison & baxter, e. s. fourth bet. ann and huron. polhemus j. a. & son, s. e. cor. main and catherine. loan agents. harriman & hamilton, south main. root tracy w., gregory block. day samuel, west huron. king zina p., i south main. millen c. h., south main. lumber dealers. blood edmund, n. s. depot bet. fourth and main. krapf conrad, s. s. jefferson bet. fifth and division. schmid christian, s. w. cor. fifth and liberty. sutherland c. & co., s. e. cor. fourth and depot. machine shops. finnegan, howard & moore, e. s. broadway near the river. haviland & rhodes, and wall. sanford & carpenter, north main. tripp, ailes & price, s. s. huron west of first. map publishers. geil john f., wall. pettibone samuel, mcmahon's block, ann. marble works. eisele anton, s. e. cor. catherine and detroit. eisele john, e. s. detroit bet. ann and catherine. il ann arbor city directory. dr. d. b. kellogg, examines and treats diseases on principles purely clairvoyant special attention' given to chronic complaints. full name, age, and place of residence required to insure a correct examination. examinations, personally or by letter, cents each. office hours from a. m., to m., and from to p. m. r. taeeant, dealer in boots and shoes no. south main street. all the latest styles of ladies' and gentlemen's fine wear kept constantly on hand. michael campion, ~~ merchant tailor and dealer in every description of cloths, cassimeres, vestings, trimmings, etc. a perfect fit warranted in every case. no. south main street, ann arbor, mich. imi. rogebs, general dealer in farming tools buffalo pitts, michigan sweepstakes, and fowlerville threshing machines, jackson wagons, and the ashland clover huller. corner detroit and north streets. ann arbor city directory. i matches. aldrich ira, wall. benham nelson, e. s. brown. meat markets. binder jacob u., west liberty. gall john, n. s. washington bet. fourth and fifth. gwinner gottlieb, , cor. washington and fourth. jolly william b., north university ave. laubengayer jacob, south main. maroney john, broadway. matthews henry, s. s. iiuron bet. main and second. matthews & son, n. s. ann bet. main and fourth. nickels john h., south state and n. w. cor. huron and thayer. rayer william, east huron. walker thomas, broadway. weinmann michael, n. w. cor. washington and fifth. zachmann sophia, e. s. detroit bet. catherine and fifth. merchant tailors. boyd james, south main. * campion michael, south main. gilbert & co., east huron. o'rourk m., south main. quinn p. w., north fourth. sondheim solomon, south main. wagner william, south main. milk dealers. keegan john, w. s. spring. price a., near catholic cemetery. vangieson d., three miles s. of city. mill picks. church chauncey r., n. s. orleans bet. church and forest ave ann arbor city directory. j- c watson & co., booksellers % stationers manufacturers of photographic copies, stereoscopic views, photographic materials, &c. also, dealers in wall and window papers, frames, brackets. mouldings, etc. pictures framed to order. , rolls wall paper in stock, different patterns. special notice.—the finest photographic gallery in the state, on the ground floor, entrance through our bookstore. persons desiring life-like portraits, with easy and natural expres- sion, should avoid the fatigue of climbing stairs or other unnecessary exertion. a first-class operator constantly in attendance. kto. j s east htj-rotxr street. the farmers' store dealer i sr dry goods, carpets groceries, etc. no. south main street. g. w. hays, superintendent. ann arbor city directory. james pficfiahqfi. justice of the peace office in bin new block, north side of court house. insurance agent. real estate for sale. triumph, assets, $ , . . house and lot with barn. va- xorth missouri, as'ts, $ , . !. cant lots. house to rent. store llibernia, assets, $ , . . to rent. office to rent. acre lot, acre lot, acre lot for fale, all within sight of the court house. tripp, ailes & price, ann abbor fodnbby anb machine shop. machinery and castings for flouring mills, saw mills, paper mills, and factories, with plans, estimates, and mill-wright work promptly executed. build center discharge water wheels of the best quality. agents tor huston's turbine, and bodine's jonval turbine water wheels, unsurpassed for power and durability. huron street, west. charles tripp. robert k. ailes. robert j. price. ann arbor steam planing mm. douglass, mazloby & co., builders and dealers in lumber, sash, doors, blinds, door and window frames, base, band, crown, picture, frame, circular and irregular moldings of any width or pattern required, bracket, scroll, and fancy sawing. also plans and specifications furnished for churches, dwellings, etc. office—south-west corner of north and fifth streets, ann arbor, mich. t^einzmann & son, and dealers in leather a. st d fxjst dxjsic s. cash for hides and pelts. no. south main street, ann arbor. i ann arbor city directory. groves p. d., s. e. cor. huron and fourth. revenaugh sam. b., east huron. watson j. c. & co., east huron. physicians. backus cyrus, south university. bliss d. w., william. breakey william f., east huron. brown i. e., s. s. ann, bet. first and second. cheever henry s., east washington. fasquelle franklin, south main. frothingham george e., east washington. kapp john, south main. kellogg daniel b., brown. lewitt william, east huron. palmer alonzo b., n. w. cor. division and ann. pratt silas, broadway. smith willard b., east huron. spalding f. a., s. w. cor. washington and state. sager abram, south state. tyler d. m., broadway. wolland jacob, east ann. wells ebenezer, south main. woodruff f., east huron. pianos. sage james r., east william. schaeberle. j. f., south main. wilsey alvin, south main. picture frames. holmes sidney t., east huron. keck john & co., south main. watson j. c. & co., east huron. j ann arbor city directory. dr. c b. porter, office corner of main and huron streets, over savings bank. entrance first door south. nitrous oxide gas administered for extracting teeth andrew r. schmidt, manufacturer of buggies, wagons and sleighs. a full supply constantly on hand of everything in my line. all orders for repairing, or new work will receive prompt attention, and warranted to give satisfaction. i respectfully solicit your patronage and guarantee prices to correspond with the times. shop—corner detroit and north streets. o. m. martin & son, undertakers and proprietors of martin's provision and milk safe. coffins, trimmings, etc., constantly on hand. a hearse al wa ts in readiness. no. south main street. deubel, swift & co., proprietors of sinclair's mills manufacturers of flour, feed and meal. at wholesale and retail. west side of broadway, fifth ward. ann arbor city directory. planing mills. bodwell alrick m., north fourth. douglass, mallory & co., s. w. cor. fifth and north. finnegan, howard & moore, e. s. broadway near river. keck john & co., west second. miller john g., w. s. detroit bet. north and division. noble william, s. w. cor. fifth and depot. plaster mill. goodale & henley, five miles n. w. of city. produce and provisions. bell andrew, east washington. clark & cropsey, south main. boylan b. f., s. w. cor. huron and fifth. clarken george, n. s. ann bet. fourth and main. colby lewis, south main. coyle luke, n. s. ann bet. fourth and main. donnelly j. & p., east huron. duffy edward, n. w. cor. main and ann. earl thomas, north main. gerner john, south main. gilchrist a., east huron. goetz & co., south main. gerstner louis, e. s. detroit bet. catherine and ann. gould john m., n. s. ann bet. main and fourth. hall augustus r., north main. hendrickson samuel, south state. herz & ortmann, broadway. hoffstetter john g., east washington. hoffstetter j. & bro., south main. imus jasper, s. s. huron bet. main and second. mcdonald f. t., forest ave. rinsey & seabolt, east washington. slawson & son, s. e. cor. huron and fourth. ann arbor city directory. i i drake nathan h., east huron. duffy edward, n. w. cor. main and ann. exinger william, junction detroit and pontiac. gerner., john, south main cor. liberty. goetz john, m. c. r. r. depot. goetz & co., south main. gould john m., n. s. ann, bet. main and fourth. gwinner albrecht, e. s. detriot, bet. catherine and ann. gwinner jacob c., east washington. haas thomas, west catherine. hangsterfer j. & son, south main. haupt john, east liberty. henrich john, e. s. fourth, bet. huron and washington. herz & ortmann, broadway. hoffstetter j. & bro., south main. imus jasper, s. s. huron, bet. main and second. kettner john, east washington. kopf xavier, buchoz block, detroit. krause caleb, s. s. liberty, bet. main and second. laughlin john, s. s. depot, bet. pontiac and fifth. leonard andrew, leonard house. lodholz gottlieb, broadway. lucas morris, col. s. w. cor. fourth and catherine. lutz george f., o south main. miller andrew, buchoz block, detroit. nebel franz, north main. rettich frederick, and east washington. roehm g. a., cor. pontiac and summit. sanzi christian, buchoz block, detroit. saunders william w., broadway. schlotterbeck hermann, south main. schumacher mrs. catherine, north second. wallace william, e. s. fourth, bet. huron and washington. walz ludwig, o south main. weidelich george, s. s. washington, bet. main and second. wicks & mcintyre, east huron. i ann arbor city directory. sash, doors and blinds. douglass, mallory & co., s. w. cor. north and fifth. miller john g., w. s. detroit, bet. north and division. noble william, s. w. cor. fifth and depot. schmid christian, s. w. cor. liberty and fifth. saw mills. gates david l., north-east of city. goodale & henley, five miles n. w. of city. osborne h. & j., four miles north-west of city. muhlig john, moorville. partridge alfred h., cor. grove and hill. school furniture. bodwell alrick m., north fourth. sewing machines. brown i. e., south main. cooper a. m., s. s. jefferson, bet. fifth and division. grinnell i. l., gregory house block, west huron. north george m. e. s. fourth, bet. ann and huron. storms miss eliza, broadway. wissler h. h., gregory block, west huron. winegar phillip, east huron. shirt maker. easton mrs. m., south main. slat window curtains. kierstead daniel, north fifth. soap and candles. birk andrew, cor. main and madison. millen daniel s., end north state. ann arbor city directory. . l>|* mk^igatt durgtis issued every friday morning. office corner main and huron sts. entrance, huron street, opposite post office. m&iww b. pqdtb* mbitqb &&& pvblismxa. terms, $ . a year in advance. job printing of all kinds executed with neatness and dispatch, including pa^phlets, records, b^ieps, bl^ks, bill-heads, fosters, business, ball, wedding and visiting cards, circulars, labels, &c. ann arbor, mich. ann arbor city directory. i wood dealers. cole nelson b., s. w. cor. huron and fifth. wallace william, n. e. cor. washington and fourth. wood engravers. davison c. b. and north main. dodge j. c., and north main. knapp l. m., north main. wooden and willow ware. coyle luke, n. s. ann bet. main and fourth. duffy edward n. w. cor. main and ann. dean & co, south main. gerner john, south main. hoffstetter j. & bro., south main. hutzel & co., south main. slawson & son, s. e. cor. huron and fourth. º taylor theodore, south main. wood turning and scroll sawing. douglass, mallory & co., s. w. cor. fifth and north. miller john g.. w. s. detroit bet. north and division. noble william, s. w. cor. depot and fifth. roys a. h., s. w. cor. fifth and north. wool and produce. bach & abel, south main. mack & schmidt, south main. millen chauncey h., south main. wood & perrin, s. e. cor. depot and fifth. woolen mills. cornwell & bros., three miles n. w. of city. mccoll & bro., five miles n. w. of city. storms & polhemus, s. s. mill. university of michigan. board of regents. james b. angell, ll.d., president. name. residence. term ex. hon, edward c. walker, detroit, hon. george willard, battle creek, hon. thomas d. gilbert, grand rapids, hon. hiram. a. burt, marquette, hon. joseph estabrook, ypsilanti, hon. jonas h. mcgowan, coldwater, hon. claudius b. grant, ‘ann arbor, i o hon. charles rynd, adrian, o henry d. bennett, esq., secretary and steward. hon. john m. wheeler, treasurer. hon. oramel hosford, superintendent of public instruction. board of visitors. hon. dwight may, - . kalamazoo. edmund p. christian, m.d., . wyandotte. rev. j. h. mccarty, m.d., . adrian. ann arbor city directory. james c. watson, ph. d., professor of astronomy, and director of the observatory. edward olney, m. a., professor of mathematics. rev. andrew ten brook, m. a., librarian. charles k. adams, m. a., professor of history. moses coit tyler, m. a., professor of the english language and literature. charles a. kent, m. a., fletcher professor of law. rev. benjamin f. cocker, d. d., professor of moral and mental philosophy. albert b. prescott, m. d., professor of organic and applied chemistry and pharmacy. martin l. d'ooge, m. a., professor of the greek language and literature. henry s. cheever, m. a., m. d., professor of therapeutics and materia medica. george s. morris, m. a., professor of modern languages and literature. elisiia jones, m. a., acting professor of the greek language and literature. george e. froth ingham, m. d., demonstrator of anatomy, and lecturer on ophthalmology. -" i ann arbor city directory. corrigan james, laborer, bds, w. s. north main. corrigan john, bds. w. s. north main. crouch william h. h., book binder, res. broadway. davis john h., col., janitor court house, res. north main. davis raymond c., assistant librarian in university of michi- gan, bds. cor. north and ingalls. donnelly felix, laborer, res. near old cemetery. douglass samuel, student, bds. east huron. downer charles, saloon and billiard hall, under cook's hotel, bds. same. dunlap john, porter, gregory house. eastwood john t., res. s. s. south university. emery john, bds. south ingalls. emery mrs. elmira res. south ingalls. engle & bro., (george s. and ezra) practical apiarists, bds. east ann. fasquelle franklin, physician, res. s. s. washington, bet. thayer and ingalls. fasquelle mrs. j. l., res. o east huron. foster frank, clerk, bds. east catherine. foster john, boot and shoe manuf. east huron, bds. s. e. cor. main and north. freeman jerome, barber, bds. s. s. fuller near state. glasier george, bds. n. s. forest ave. gore james, teamster, bds. e. s. north main. gower arthur c., clerk, bols. cor. observatory and volland. harriman & hamilton, lawyers, office south main. hayman frank c., student, bds. north state. hayman samuel b. bqs. gregory house. hayman wayne, student, bds. north state. harbison robert, instructor in university of michigan, res. south fifth. herz & ortmann, dealers in groceries, provisions, etc., broadway. hubbell henry l., pastor first congregational church, res. w. s. south state, cor. monroe. general index. page abbreviations additions and changes advertisement index alphabetical directory ann arbor city ... business directory churches city officers county officers organizations publications schools ... sisters of the i. h. m university of michigan constitution and by-laws . of the huron valley building & savings association of ann arbor, michigan, incorporated under act (no. , of the laws of ), approved march , , as amended in . authorized capital $ , , . . shares $ . payments each week. eents per share. money loaned on second and last monday in each month. installments monday in each week. premium bid not deducted from loan, but payable in installments. advance payments earn interest. office room: hamilton block. charter members. john r. mixer, manager egan imperial truss co. dr. d. a. maclachlan, prof, in university. f. h. belser, cash. farmers' & mechanics' bank. a. r. hammond, contractor and builder. chas. s. millen, dry goods. william g. doty, probate register. jas. r. bach, city clerk. thomas d. kearney, city attorney. nelson j. kyer, prop, of ann arbor city mills. milton m. steffey, prop. ann arbor steam laun- dry. wm. j. just, lumber dealer. oscar talcott. wm. k. childs, sec. washtenaw mutual fire ins. co. henry richard, wood and lumber. a. h. roys, wood turning and pattern making. c. powell, telegraph oper. t., a. a. & n. m. ry. chas. s. fall, supt. electric ry. r. spokes, engineer at city mills. will f. stimson, grocer. w. d. adams, prop. bazaar. g. brehm, county treasurer. f. schmid, dry goods. mrs. c. w. mellor. l. h. clement. manager of allmendinger piano & organ co. eli w. moore, supt. ann arbor ag'l co. geo. h. hazlewood, agt. t., a. a. & n. m. ry. n. d. gates, builder. a. r. peterson, prop. ann arbor city mills. j. b. steere, prof, in university. a. turn-bull, foundry and machine shop. . ambrose kearney, capitalist. geo. crocker, engineer t., a. a. & n. m. ry. . a. w. gasser, blacksmith with ferguson cart fac'y. henry m. perkins, carriage trimmer with fergu- son cart factory. gilbert rhodes, bookkeeper with ferguson cart factory. charles speller, sporting, athletics & tennis goods. frank field, student, mich. university. w. f. breakey, m. l). chas. r. whitman, regent university, r. r. com. herman krapf, sash, door and blinds mfr. w. h. krapf, geo. a. douglass, traveling salesman. c. lane, agt, of hammond beef co. huron valley building & savings association - of- ann arbor, michigan. the undersigned, being desirous of becoming in- corporated as a mutual building, savings, and loan association, for the purpose of building and improv- ing homesteads, and loaning money to the members thereof only, in accordance with act no. of the session laws of , and acts amendatory thereof and supplemental thereto, hereby declare such to be our purpose and intention. the name of the proposed corporation is the “huron valley building and savings association” with the principal office at ann arbor, washtenaw county, michigan, and a capital stock of five million ( , , ) dollars. the duration of said corporation to be thirty years. in witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals this d day of december, a. d., . john r. miner, [l. william g. dory, g. brehm, (l. s. chas. s. millen, b. f. watts, mc. c. lebeau, nelson j. kyer, f. h. belser, jas. r. bach, a. r. hammond, ambrose kearney, [l. thomas d, kearney, [ d. a. maclachlan, (l. jas. a. brown, (l. eugene k. frueauff, [l. s. w. d. harriman, j. b. steere, w. f. breakey, (l. s.] الانانا ம்ம்ம்ம்ம்ம்ம்ம்ம்ம்ம்ம்ம்ம்ம்ம் - - son ally all real estate offered as security for loans, and report to the board their appraisement of the value of the same and also their opinion as to the sufficiency of the security offered. auditing committee. sec. . at each annual meeting there shall be elected an auditing committee of three from the stock- holders, not officers or directors, whose duty it shall be to audit the hooks and accounts of the secretary and treasurer, at the earliest day practicable succeed- ing the first day of july anil january following, and report to the hoard, or stockholders, the condition in which they find the same, at the first stated or annual meeting thereafter. bonds. sec. . the secretary and treasurer shall execute to the association good and sufficient bonds to the amount of not loss than three thousand dollars each, for the faithful performance of their duties. the board of directors may, by a majority vote, at anytime when they deem it necessary or expedient increase the amount of the bonds to be given by the secretary and treasurer, and may also require bonds of any other of the officers of the association. members. sec. . application for stock must be made on a blank form furnished by the association. any person may become a member of the associa- tion by subscribing for one or more shares of stock and paying the association fee thereon. the asso- ciation lee, which is not a payment on stock, shall be cents per share, payable with the application. this fee shall be used to secure new business, for advertising, commissions to agents, or for such other purposes as the board of directors may determine. the certificate shall be dated the first of the month succeeding the application therefor, and each suc- ceeding monday thereafter the installments shall be due and payable. depositing members. sec. !). each depositing member shall pay into the treasury of the association weekly not loss than cents on each share of stock owned by him until such weekly payments, together with such other sums as he may choose to pay, and such dividends as may be declared thereon, shall together amount to the face value of said stock, at which time the mem- ber shall be entitled to receive the amount thereof in cash. loans. sec . all applications for loans must be made - - pense of said purchaser; provided the same shall be assented to by the board of directors. said person purchasing, may also purchase the shares held by said shareholder, and they will be transferred on the books of the association to paid purchaser. the in- stallments, interest and dues thereon being paid up to time of transfer, and upon the payment of all ex- penses the association may accept a new mortgage from said purchaser, to secure the former loan upon the same or other sufficient property. proxies. sec. . each share of stock in good standing shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote, either in person or by written proxy; provided that no mem- ber be allowed to cast more than forty votes, and no officer be allowed to hold proxies. amendments. sec. . the by-laws of this association may be altered or amended at any annual or special meet- ing of the stockholders; provided, first, that such alteration or amendment shall have been submitted in writing at the stated meeting of the board of directors at least two weeks preceding, and that five days' notice by mail shall have been given to each_ stockholder of the association, and provided, second* that two-thirds of the stock represented at the meet- ing, and a majority of the board of directors concur therein. an act to provide for the incorporation and regu- lation of certain corporations, generally known as building and loan associations. section . the people of the state of michigan enact, that whenever any number of persons, not less than five, may desire to become incorporated as a mutual building and loan association, for the purpose of building and improving homesteads and loaning money to the members thereof only, they shall make a statement to that effect under their hands and seals, duly acknowledged before some officer in the man- ner provided for the acknowledgment of deeds. such state- ment shall set forth the name of the proposed corporation, its capital stock, its location, and the duration of the corpo- ration, which shall notexceed thirty years; which statement shall be riled in the office of the secretary of state. the sec- retary of state shall thereupon authorize such persons to open books for subscription to the capital stock of said cor- poration, at such time aim place as they may determine, but shall not authorize two corporations having* the same name. sec. . as soon as one hundred shares or more of the cap- ital stock shall be subscribed, a meeting of the subscribers shall be convened for the purpose of electing directors (not less than jive in number), adopting by-laws and the transac- tion of such other business as sham come before them. no- tice thereof shall be given by depositing in the postoftice properly addressed to each subscriber, at least five days be- fore the time fixed, a written or printed notice, stating the object, time and place of such meeting. directors of such corporations, organized under this act, shall be elected, class- ified and hold their office for such period of time as is provi- ded in the by-laws of such corporation or association. sec. . the persons authorized to receive subscriptions to the capital stock of said corporation shall make a report of their proceedings, including therein a copy of the notice pro- vided for in the foregoing section, a copy of the subscription list, a copy of the by-laws adopted by the corporation and the names of directors elected, and their respective term of oflice; which report shall be sworn to by at least a majority of them and shall be tiled in the office of secretary of state. the secretary of state shall thereupon make a copy of all pa- pers tiled in his oflice in and about the organization of the corporation, and duly authenticated under his hand and seal of state, and the same shall be recorded in the office of the reg- ister of deeds in the county in which the principal office of such company is located. upon the recording of said copy the corporation shall be deemed fully organized, and may proceed to business. unless such company shall be organ- ized and shall proceed to business as provided in the act, within two years after the date of authorization, it shall be deemed revoked, and all proceedings thereunder void. sec. . corporations formed under this act shall be bodies corporate and politic for the period for which they are or- ganized; may sue or be sued; may have a common seal, which they may alter or renew at pleasure. sec. . the corporate powers shall be exercised by a board of directors; provided the number of directors shall not be increased or diminished, nor the term of office changed with- out the consent of the owners of two-thirds of the shares of stock. the officers of the corporation must be members of the hoard of directors, and shall consist of a president, vice- president, secretary and treasurer, and such other officers as may be provided for in the by-laws of such corporation or association, to be elected at the annual meeting of the hoard of directors as may be provided for in the by-laws of the cor- poration; provided, that the expense of carrying on said cor- poration, including compensation for officer's and directors, shall be provided for in the by-laws of such corporations; and provided that the secretary and treasurer shall give bonds and security to be approved by the board of directors. sec. g. the shares of stock shall not exceed two hundred f and in - pres contents . . aims ......... . guiding principles .......... outline by grades: grade one ........ grade two. grade three ...... grade four ..... grade five ............ grade six ............... grades seven and eight .......... . games and drill devices ...... . general bibliography ...... v . aims the work in the elementary school should provide for: . speed and accuracy in computing with numbers arising in com- mon business, industrial, and social practices. . ability to solve the ordinary problems arising in business, social, and industrial activities. . an understanding and appreciation of the common social, indus- trial, and business fields in which computation with numbers arises. guiding principles i. in the selection and organization of subject matter . “the selection of the subject matter for the course of study and the relative emphasis which it receives there, should be determined by its relative importance in social life.” - mcmurry . “the arithmetic of the elementary school should deal with prob- lems and practices which arise in real life.” — thorndike . “the school should favor real situations, should present issues as life will present them.” — thorndike . “for the elementary school the content of arithmetic to be selected is that which is of direct use in the common daily needs of life in the measurement of quantities and values.” - bonser . "interpretive knowledge in arithmetic for the elementary grades should include such numbers and number relation- ships as are found in current usage.” — bonser ii. in methods of teaching . the content of problems in arithmetic should be true, i. e., the situation described in the problems should be a real situation. . the processes which the problem requires should be those which life requires. the computations required should be those which are useful in real life. . the number facts, processes, and principles should be connected at the time of learning with those life situations which utilize them. . the answers to problems should have real significance in the number situation being studied. os dek . . . the recitation period shorúc be user requently to observe chil- dren at work in order to discover meconomical habits which are not revealec in finished results. the recitation period shouc be a times a "clearing house for the discussion of inciriana difficulties. the recitation perioc showic de used to teach children bow to study aritmetic. lengthy vertal explanations of problems solved correctly shond be aroidec. the teacher shonic endeavor in the recitation as well as in the study period to incricuabize instruction. . outline by grades grade one the work of this grade should be entirely incidental and informal no time should be given tonumber work as sort on the program but the teacher should utilize all the activities of the grade in which quantitative facts and relationships are needed, for the purpose of estabishing in the child's mind the number concepts, both in their serial and collection meaning, and the ratio idea as it is needed in simple measurments for construction work of various sorte. some of the natural situations in the school room which utilize numbers are: . estimating the number of milk bottles needed each day and buying tickets . counting money for banking . counting, and estimating materials, such as scissors, paper, chairs, etc., needed in various school activit.es , keeping records of attendance, books read, reading vocabulary, etc.. . finding pages in a book . telling time . keeping height and weight charts . playing games , buying school supplies , building with blocks , measuring with paper, wood, cloth, etc. for construction work . playing house, store, post-office, etc. . making gardens and planting seeds . giving a party or picnic and the reverse column addition without carrying, three and four addende, one and two place numbers meaning of and -- , "hum" and "adding" . subtraction combinatione. the reverse of the addition combinations subtraction of two place numbers without "borrowing." meaning of , "wubtracting", "subtract", and "difference" . fractions meaning of two equal parts meaning of . v. v. of concrete things . measures telling time measuring with inches adding and subtracting cents meaning of meaning of * . problems mimple one step problems about child experience with mum. . notation and numeration continue work of first semester, . counting count hy 'n count odd and even numbers by ' %. addition combinations % % % % . % ) and the reverse % . % % % %) and the reverse drill should be motivated. a. the learner should recognize the value of the fact to be learned. b. number facts should be put to use as soon as they are learned. c. each number fact should be associated at the time of learning with other number facts to which it is most closely related. d. the child should be stimulated to an interest in his own progress. . drill should be distributed in harmony with the laws of learn- ing. the common errors which thorndike points out are as follows: a. giving too much practice at the first learning. b. leaving too long intervals with no practice. c. leaving number facts in too great isolation. . reviews should not be mere repetition of facts learned, but should provide for increased facility, and comprehension of facts, computations, and processes. . number games are valuable in motivating drill. the following principles should guide in their use: a. choose those games which give a maximum amount of arithmetic drill and do not detract from the number fact or principle involved. b. choose those games in which the computations are not so involved as to destroy the game element. c. manipulate the game so that each child will get the max- imum amount of practice. d. manipulate the game so that the weaker children will get more drill than the stronger ones. . drill periods should be short. iv. in the conduct of the recitation . the recitation period should be devoted largely to teaching and testing rather than to drill. . work done correctly during the study period should not be repeated in the recitation. . typical errors of the group made during study period should be discussed during the recitation period. . errors not common to the group should be taken up with the pupils individually. . the recitation period should be used frequently to observe chil- dren at work in order to discover uneconomical habits which are not revealed in finished results. . the recitation period should be at times a "clearing house" for the discussion of individual difficulties. . the recitation period should be used to teach children how to study arithmetic. . lengthy verbal explanations of problems solved correctly should be avoided. . the teacher should endeavor in the recitation as well as in the study period to individualize instruction. outline by grades grade one the work of this grade should be entirely incidental and informal. no time should be given to number work as such on the program but the teacher should utilize all the activities of the grade in which quantitative facts and relationships are needed, for the purpose of establishing in the child's mind the number concepts, both in their serial and collection meaning, and the ratio idea as it is needed in simple measurments for construction work of various sorts. some of the natural situations in the school room which utilize numbers are: . estimating the number of milk bottles needed each day and buying tickets . counting money for banking . counting, and estimating materials, such as scissors, paper, chairs, etc., needed in various school activit.es . keeping records of attendance, books read, reading vocabulary, etc.. . finding pages in a book . telling time . keeping height and weight charts . playing games . buying school supplies . building with blocks . measuring with paper, wood, cloth, etc. for construction work . playing house, store, post-office, etc. . making gardens and planting seeds . giving a party or picnic i on and the reverse column addition without carrying, three and four addends, one and two place numbers meaning of + and =, "sum” and “adding" . subtraction combinations — the reverse of the addition combinations subtraction of two place numbers without “borrowing" meaning of —, "subtracting”, “subtract”, and “difference” . fractions meaning of two equal parts meaning of / , / , / , / of concrete things measures telling time measuring with inches adding and subtracting cents meaning of ¢ meaning of $ . problems simple one step problems about child experiences with num- bers second semester . notation and numeration continue work of first semester. . counting count by 's count odd and even numbers by 's . addition combinations i or i on i vor and the reverse - - - - - - - - - - - - and the reverse - - . . giving problems which include unnecessary data the following principles are quoted from the th year book of the national society for the study of education and from thorndike's new methods in arithmetic and thorndike's psychology of arith- metic. they should be observed in teaching the subject matter of the grade. . in column addition, grouping digits to make or some other convenient number is not helpful. . the austrian or additive method of subtraction is not super- ior to the "take away" method. . in borrowing it is better to increase the subtrahend by one than to decrease the minuend. . after the initial stage of practice, drill upon the fundamental combinations should be given by means of examples. . counting backward by 's, 's, 's is an aid to subtraction. . it is unwise to use the common crutch of writing the min- uend or subtrahend changed when "borrowing” takes i .. place.' . . to prevent counting in addition from becoming a fixed habit, the teacher should use ""hidden" addition and should force · speed. “ (hidden addition means addition where real objects are presented but where they are hidden dur. ing the act of adding, so that the pupil must think the citate numbers and add them.). asi : . using +,-, or x as a sign of what you are to do in com- putations seems inadvisable. in! . writing the number to be carried in addition should be per- mitted. . the number which causes most difficulty is . it should be read "no,” “not any," or "zero." there are two main rea- sons for zero difficulties. first, is peculiar arithmetic- ally in that it has a separate set of habits of its own, such as in column addition, neglect it; any number minus zero is unchanged; times a number equals ; any number times o equals ; divided by any number equals ; second, the operations with are not uniform. vi. outcomes . automatic control over all fundamental addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division combinations . intelligent command of the language necessary in understand- ing and using the subject-matter of the grade subtract: multiply: add: divide: ) i oor a voor hoco er x = / / = • . a knowledge of the fields of social activity in which the subject- matter of the grade functions . the well established habits of checking answers, of estimating results and using abbreviated methods . an interest in his progress and an increasing sense of responsi- bility for his own drill processes . ability to use the textbook with ease as a guide to study . ability to understand problems involving the fractions and measures outlined in the subject-matter and ability to compute readily with any of them v. references text: arithmetic essentials—drushel-noonan-withers, book two, part one the thorndike arithmetic, book two, part one, chapters and everyday arithmetic—hoyt and peet, intermediate, part three, chapters , , , , , , and . efficiency arithmetic—chadsey-smith, intermediate, part one, chapters , , , , and grade six i. outline of subject-matter first semester . notation and numeration reading and writing numbers to billions . four fundamentals speed and accuracy tests • profit and loss simple interest trade discount common and decimal fraction equivalents second semester . four fundamentals speed and accuracy tests . fractions speed and accuracy tests . measures continued practice terms to be known, "point,” "line," "straight line," "curved line," "angle," "perpendicular," "parallel," "right angle," "horizontal," "vertical," "rectangle," "triangle," "circle” board measure cubic measure cord wood english pound french franc german mark . problems equation continued . decimals continued practice . business forms continue forms used in first semester . percents applications of percentage in taxes, insurance, and simple interest grade eight first semester . four fundamentals speed and accuracy tests short cuts . fractions speed and accuracy tests the child is required to give orally the remainders, subtracting from each number in the first row, from each number in the second row, from each number in the third row, etc. when writing remainders, a whole group write remainders only to rows designated by the teacher. the value in this lies in the fact that all pupils in the group are not only working, but working independently. multiplication drills efficient work in multiplication requires the ability to multiply and add quickly. to cultivate this ability the following device was used: x and x oer ha h coc o voor a con the child begins with x and , x and , x and , etc. until he has finished the column. he then begins again with x and , x and , x and , etc. any digit may be used in the multiplier. there is one matter which must be guarded, however: no number added should be greater than the multiplier less one, since this situation is never met in an actual example. for instance, in multiplying by , is the largest number ever carried and to require a pupil to add a number such as would be wasteful drill. short division drill it is just as important that pupils be drilled upon the giving of quotients and remainders as upon the division tables. the chart printed below was used almost daily by teachers in the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades in overcoming slow and inaccurate work in naming quotients and quotients and remainders. transportation capt. axel edwin frederickson to “liverpool al” whose salty yarns lightened many a lonely watch. harry (pete) jeffs — oiler; now chief engineer aboard the ann arbor no. . william parkkinen — oiler; now relief engineer. charles linsemeyer — oiler; now united states coast guard at the two rivers point light. lyman (pode) white — water tender; now second engineer aboard the ann arbor no. . al mcconnell — water tender; deceased. earl davey, hugh stiles, cy lemke and paddy the pig, coal- passers. ceased. h. e. dee, purser. mrs. lucy (ma) wilson — steward; deceased. kate fowler — table waiter. mason (putt) frary — second cook; (cousin of brick frary) de- there were also aboard: g. b. turnbull, chief engineer of the great lakes engineering works, j. b. barren, a guarantee engineer, and frank morrison, the compass adjuster. shortly after leaving the dock she encountered heavy ice and became stuck fast at : p.m. the tug michigan was then called to her assistance and arrived at : a.m. the next day. without too much trouble the tug was able to release her and start her on the way once more. the tug being discharged at : a.m. being in need of some minor repairs the no. tied up at the grand trunk elevator at detroit for about two hours before proceeding across lake st. clair. the ice on the lake was extra thick in places and the ship found the going tough, averaging a speed of about six miles an hour. after crossing the lake she made good time all the way up around the dreaded southeast bend, blowing a salute as she passed old joe beddore, and stopped in the ice for the night just above russell isle at : p.m. the next morning, january , she was underway again at : a.m. from there on her progress was slow as she ran into ice that was from to inches thick and heavily windrowed in places. arriving at port huron she tied up for a short time to make repairs and adjust ma- chinery. she left there at : p.m. for the long mile run up lake huron to the straits of mackinaw. (she made the mile trip from detroit to port huron, stemming the current through blinding snow, heavy ice, and sub-zero weather, in about hours actual running time and used around tons of fuel.) after leaving the blue-watered st. clair river, steering n%e with point edward ranges over the stern, they passed lexington and sani- lac making wonderful time on that fifty-six mile stretch to harbor beach. while passing there at : p.m. they encountered a strong west wind which gradually shifted to the northwest with gale force and snow. being light, without cargo for ballast, they took a real beating that night while crossing thunder bay. at : a.m. the next morning the part of crew of boat . top row (left to right) mates: d. g. little, c. la- freniere; watchman: a. hansen, r. sanford; fireman: w. long; coal passers: r. ames, h. shorter; porter: b. sproul; sailors, r. smith, c. fred- erickson, e. loranger, e. e. clark. part of after crew of boat in : l. white, e. davey, al mcconnell, roy peterson, walter huck, j. dinger, w. benson, t. elliott, j. meyers, s. arnersen. on november th the no. left manistique at : am. the wind was light from the westward with a low hanging haze on the horizon. they were steering south on her regular gait until : a.m. when the wind with gale force and heavy snow tore out of the northwest. boat then made a wide open run for the lee of south manitou island, arriving there at : p.m. sheltered from the wind and sea, they ran her bow up on the sandy beach and weathered out the gale. the wind died out early the next morning and they backed her off and proceeded on their way. (note: the sheltered shores of lake michigan's manitou is- lands have served as a harbor of refuge for over a hundred years. the lighthouse on the south island was built in , being one of the oldest on lake michigan.) boat was delayed for hours in frankfort during a south gale with snow from december to . she made six hundred and eight trips during the year of . on january , , boat left manitowoc at : p.m., course e by n%n with the wind south, fresh and snowing. without much headway left on her after creeping through miles of heavy slush ice, she reached open water and unexpectedly slid into the trough of a big dead swell from the southeast. this, before she could gather enough way to enable her to come up into the sea, rolled her over so deeply that she tipped over three large flat cars of square timbers on the car deck. as no one was injured they left them as they were and headed for home arriv- ing there at : a.m. on january . the section crew then came aboard and spent nineteen hours reloading the timbers before the rest of the cargo could be handled. (years ago the shippers did not seem to understand that their freight might encounter some heavy weather while crossing the lake and the cars were not loaded properly as they are today. consequently, in the old days cars were dumped at sea, and often steel rails and other heavy material not made fast would come out through the side of the cars during a heavy roll. today this seldom happens as the boats are equipped with all the latest aids to navigation and are able to hold up during bad weather and roll very little. also cars that are considered rough loads are made fast before leaving port.) on january , beginning trip number , boat , escorting boat , left frankfort at : p.m. bound for manitowoc. steering w by s%s with the wind northeast, fresh and snowing, they found the ice fairly light for about an hour. as they worked to the westward the ice became heavier and it started shoving shortly after midnight. at ten the next morning they took a run at a heavy windrow about two miles south of two rivers point and became stuck fast. the no. was also stopped about a mile to the southward, so the crew of the no. walked over to boat and assisted them in spudding her loose. the two crews working together released her at : p.m. on the thirty-first. the no. then worked her way up to boat and broke her out at : p.m. the no. then made a run for the harbor arriving there three hours later. four hours after that, the cargoes having been caused a delay of four hours in her sailing time. while boat was steering east from manitowoc on october , , with the wind blowing a gale from the south southeast and a dense fog, a steamer broke out of a fog bank close aboard on the starboard bow. in order to clear him they hauled to the northward on a hard left wheel. this brought her into the trough of the sea, rolling her rail almost under. before they could get clear of the other ship enough to haul her back up to where she did not roll they dumped two cars of timbers over on the car deck which caused ten hours delay while unloading in frankfort. on december , , boat arrived manitowoc breakwater at : p.m. bound up river for the soo line slip. checking down she blew the usual three blasts of her whistle for the opening of the eighth street bridge. while the bridge was standing open awaiting her passage a ford touring car came tearing down eighth street, southbound, occupied by two men. seeing this danger captain a. l. larson, in an effort to attract their attention, blew several short blasts of the whistle and backed boat to a dead stop before she entered the draw of the bridge. the driver of the car, a mr. jerome dick, of the dick brothers bakery, realizing his danger far too late, applied the brakes as they ap- proached the abuttment. this slewed the car around sideways and his passenger was thrown out into the street unharmed. the car then rolled over and plunged into the river below. mr. dick left the car on its way down and the crew of the no. threw him several ring bouys as he hit the water. as he was unable to swim he soon sank and his body was not found until four hours later. (mr. fred la jennessee, the passenger, was a salesman out of milwaukee in a hurry to catch a train.) the no. was delayed for over an hour while the police fished the car out of the river. the weather was so bad that year on december that all the boats tied up in frankfort. this made it nice for the crews as it gave them a chance to celebrate new year's eve ashore. the season of was a good sailing year and other than the fact that she made trips nothing else of interest took place. on january , , the no. left frankfort at : a.m. bound for manitowoc. shortly after she left the breakwater a gale sprang up from the southeast followed with heavy snow, so she dug to the southward along the beach and sought shelter in ludington. she stayed there until the wind died out at p.m. the next day. (note: there was no delay for ice during and whereas in , ' , and ' there was lots of ice in the lake.) most of the oldtimers say that they all felt better and had less sickness in the days when they were allowed to fill their drinking water tanks from the lake. this practice was stopped in when they were required to add lime, etc. to the water and eventually to fill the tanks at the dock from city water. boat hove to and dropped captain anderson off on the dock at south manitou island, while homeward bound from manistique on march , . leaving there she broke out the u. s. mail boat which was stuck fast at this time. on friday, may , of that year she stopped and str. w. nelson, now b. e. tate going to the rescue of the last of the great lakes sailing ships, the "our son", miles off manitowoc, on september , . photo taken by mate j. h. ferris from the deck of the carferry p. m. which stood by at the time. october , , while picking up a disabled fish tug, the leo b. and towing her to the breakwater at two rivers, wisconsin. in the no. was out of service for days due to lack of freight. that year she made a total of only trips. in she made trips. in radio compasses were installed aboard her on novem- ber . she made trips that year. trips were made in the year of . she made trips in . this, i think, is her record. during the year of boat , while enroute from manitowoc to frankfort, somehow lost her way and after fetching the east shore mistook manistee for frankfort and entered the harbor there. arriving inside they soon realized their mistake and backed out and headed north up the beach for home once more. they finally arrived o.k. and other than being about three hours late were none the worse for the experience, the only casualties a few headaches among the crew caused perhaps by arguments as to how this contretemps could best be avoided in the future. it is interesting to note that ships at sea, regardless of shape, size, or flag, assist each other in every way whenever possible. in this case the government dredge, general mead, took a head line for the no. on january , , and lifted her head up into the wind after she had drifted down onto a clay bank at the north side of the channel in manitowoc river. without this friendly assistance she might have lain there until a shift of wind and done considerable damage to herself. boat left the northwest slip at manitowoc at : p.m. on february . just as she started ahead the fish tug victoria l., which was outward bound and having engine trouble, ran into her port side. outside of a badly bruised stem on the tug and a loud hollow sounding thump aboard the no. there was no other visible damage. on march , , boat left manitowoc at : p.m. with the wind northwest, strong, and clear; steering northeast by e%e bound for frankfort. as there was a large sea running, after passing two river point she held up to the northward all the way across the lake, and when nearing the east shore she squared away before the sea heading for the harbor. approaching the harbor entrance she dipped her nose down be- tween two monstrous seas and smelling the bottom refused to answer her helm properly. this caused her to drift down onto the rip rap off the north end of the south pier, fetching up on her starboard side just aft amidships, with a terrible grinding jar, at : a.m. after her stern dragged clear of the bottom she swung back up to the windward and made the inner harbor. arriving at the slip she unloaded and shifted out along side the dock to tie up for an examination of the hull, etc. other than a broken sea cock and several dents in her bottom along the starboard side aft she seemed to be in a seaworthy con- dition. to make sure they took her out into the harbor and ran her full speed ahead and full astern in the heavy ice. they could find nothing wrong. after tying up again they tipped her up so the ship's carpenter could repair the damaged sea cock. former purser c. f. frederickson toledo, ohio capt. a. l. larson, frankfort, michigan. (retired) capt. b. h. hanson, manito- woc, wis. (retired) capt. a. b. jacobsen, frank- fort, mich. (retired) w capt. con mccauley, beaver isle, mich. (dead) chief, w. campbell, frank- fort, mich. (retired) g. noffsinger, a. b., frank- fort, mich, (retired) capt. h. wright, frankfort, michigan. a former a. a. marine superintendent.(dead) ralph henry reynolds, who was our superintendent of marine from july st, to june , , and his son william, formerly purser in the fleet and now manager of the bethlehem steel ship- yards at baltimore, maryland. r. h. reynolds personally de- signed and carried through to completion the construction of boats a. a. and wabash. jane reynolds mattson who christened boat at manito- woc in . for weather is considered an exception.) dec. th, she left frankfort and was hrs. making the usual hr. run to manistique. this delay was caused by heavy ice, vapor on the water causing poor visibility, and inclement weather. on july th in the forward crew of boat and the after crew of boat took command of boat and her crew in turn went aboard the new steamer wabash which was then about ready for sea at the toledo ship yards. trip mon., nov. , —dept. frkt : a. wind ne fresh rain and sleet, course n | e. ck. down at : a. proceeding under ck. and sound- ing by hand. fathoms at : p. m. fathoms at : p and fath. at : p. m. working in slowly and picked up sound of fog whistle at : p. m. arrived manistique breakwater at : p. m. it was trips like this made during thick, sub-zero weather, when the old hand lead was the only known method to ascertain the nearness of land, that made men at sea realize what a friend they found in the coming of our present day direction finders, which have practically eliminated the use of a hand lead. capt. thos. r. griffith of milwaukee relieved axel e. frederickson as st mate aboard str. a. a. from jan. th to feb. th, . during this time he was sent to new orleans by the r. r. co. to assist in super- vising the proper handling of two new carferries just placed in operation. they traded from new orleans to havana, cuba. they had decks and carried freight cars and were named the sea train and sea foam. they were owned by the t. m. k. r. r. co. sunday, june , boat moored at the city dock in keewaunee and took aboard persons for an excursion on lake michigan. they departed keewaunee breakwater at : a., cruised north up the west shore and entered the sturgeon bay canal into green bay, passing through the bridges separating sawyer and sturgeon bay. thence westward to sher- wood point and north around upper door county and outside into lake michigan through the notorious death door passage, thence south again, arriving at keewaunee once more at : p. m. thus ending one of the most picturesque trips on fresh water, covering a territory of much early historical interest while circumnavigating the upper half of door county. the passing of the schooner lucia a. simpson boat departed keewaunee, wisconsin at : p. on sunday july th, , with the wind northwest moderate and clear, steering e%n. shortly after clearing the breakwater a schooner hove into sight on the left bow. coming closer and with the aid of the glass she was found to be the lucia a. simpson hailing out of milwaukee in ballast with distress signals floating aloft. after looking her over while passing at reduced speed with her close aboard on the port side, boat came about, passed her a hawser and proceeded to tow her to keewaunee. here the coast guard came outside with their cutter and assisted the disabled schooner safely into the pro- tection of the harbor. the schooner l. a. simpson was one of the last of the great white carferry maitland, sister ship to boat ,, as she looked while trading out of frankfort in . the steamer m. h. stuart at kewaunee, wis. she was owned by capt. c. anderson of south manitou isle. a fast trip across the lake. the plane was a new stinson junior mono- plane, equipped with pontoons for landing on water. it was owned and piloted by jim gillette who had made it a party of four by taking george keller along as a mechanic. they left the field in traverse city at : a.m. thursday, june . it was clear overhead with a light north wind. just after leaving the land they ran into a dense fog. the pilot decided to set her down and taxi back to the beach and await clear weather for the trip over. misjudging the nearness of the sea they struck the water so hard that it broke the pontoons. the plane floated until some time later that afternoon and then sank. in the meantime the men had rigged up a raft from the gas tank and everything else that would float. after placing mrs. rennie aboard the raft the men, who had stripped to their underwear, tried to swim towards shore pushing the raft before them. gradually becoming exhausted from their efforts and the cold water they lost their grip and one by one they slipped back into the awaiting arms of davey jones at the bottom of the sea. keller was drowned thursday afternoon, gillette the same evening, and rennie hung on until early friday morning and after giving his wife a watch, an heir- loom, and some papers he bade her farewell, let go the raft and disappeared beneath the sea. mrs. rennie, who was thrown into the water by the unbalanced raft when her husband slipped off, climbed back aboard and lay there exposed to the wind and burning sun all that day. many ships passed, but none seemed to see her until about : p.m. friday when she saw boat approaching, growing larger and larger with its most welcome nearness and when close to, come to a stop and lower a boat for her. arriving at the dock in kewaunee dr. f. j. wochos came aboard and after checking her over said he could see no reason why she couldn't make the trip back home aboard boat . she had received such good care after her rescue that her condition was splendid even after hours on the open sea. upon arrival in frankfort mrs. rennie was met by relatives and many friends. she has been in good health ever since and still resides in traverse city. capt. fisher of frankfort coast guard placed a bouy at the position where the plane was picked up. although all ships kept a sharp lookout for several weeks these men were never found. about two months after the crash the clothes of the men which they had removed in order to swim more easily were found by the coast guard crew under captain fred marsh on the beach of south manitou isle, just miles to the northward of the scene of the disaster. the wreck of the fish tug jean r. monday, march , — trip . wind southwest, moderate and clear. boat left frankfort breakwater at p.m. just outside she met the tug jean r. inbound struggling through the heavy ice fields in an effort to reach the safety of the harbor. after g forward crew of boat , is represented here by (left to right) mates: john telgard, ed erickson, sig frey, john lamerson; nd row: wheelsmen, art johnson, steve hoffman, alert hostad, james noffsinger; rd row: lookouts, g. dragoo, walter lintz, dean lillie, clifford thomas; th row, watchmen, george palm, oscar midtlyng, ro.:ert pop, richard frederick. after they had held up enough they squared away for the canal with the wind and sea behind her steering °. thus being ° higher than the canal line up for drift. it had been raining since midnight with occasional lightening which made the visability poor and also filled the atmosphere with static thus rendering the radio direction finder almost useless. so with the wind and sea driving her along before this blinding rain storm and even with the time lost in changing courses figured in, boat , like many other ships before her, made much better time than expected and at : a.m., april , just as the captain was about to check her down, she piled up on the sandy beach just south of the canal at full speed coming to a sliding stop without any list. while the captain backed her wide open in an effort to release her the first officer and lookout examined the bottom in all her holds finding no leaks nor damage of any kind. the watchman's soundings showed feet of water under her stem, feet amidships and feet at her stern. because the stern sea was breaking as it rolled under her stern and along her sides it was hard to get these soundings exact. while working the engines back and forth and also using her helm they found that she would swing about ° but would not go astern. about : a.m. a small fish tug came sliding alongside with a radio phone aboard and relayed a message, describing the accident to marine superintendent herring at frankfort. he ordered tugs sent out at once from the rohn wrecking company at sturgeon bay. two tugs arrived at : p.m., the spuds and john roen, iii. after the towing bridle was adjusted they started pulling and continued to pull all night with no results, although by pulling at various angles they could swing her about °. the steamer wabash arrived at : a.m. on april , and after making fast the six inch hawser of boat to her stern timberheads she assisted the tugs in pulling. after parting the hawser twice steamer wabash left the scene and continued on her way at : a.m. boat arrived at : p.m. but did not take a line. while she was standing by at : p.m. boat , with two tugs doing their very best started astern and after casting off the tow lines proceeded on her way to the canal at : p.m. captain h. b. meno, our former superintendent of marine, who was assigned to the case as a marine surveyor came aboard on a tug and reported no damage after checking boat over from stem to gudgeon. boat in taking to the beach was very fortunate in picking that particular spot in which to park as it was the only sandy place for miles along that rock bound coast. boat was docked this same year in october and a complete survey of her bottom showed no damage from this beaching at full speed. she fared much better than the dutch ship, prince william, that after coming half way around the globe hit the beach during a dense fog almost in this same place and tore out $ , of her bottom. forward crew on m?.iden trip sp architecture zzr •vfc/^w.-' flct ■ m? - < - official building code of ann arbor, michigan ~u published by authority of the common council. price seventy-five cents i i i i- official f building code of ann arbor, michigan providing for all matters concerning, affecting or relating to the constructing, alteration, equipment, repair or removal of buildings, or structures erected or to be erected, and for the use of same; also for protection of citizens of the city and for the conservation of life and property. published by authority of the common council. price seventy-five cents vooooooo oooo architecture rchitectural th library a ac/ official building code of ann arbor, michigan do published by authority of the common council. price seventy-five cents word . gondigdog architantural libiary - . / / committee on revision - - + alderman roger l. morrison, civil engineer alderman ralph w. hammett, architect alderman glen l. alt, civil engineer city engineer george h. sandenburgh assistant city engineer harold r. scovill building inspector william c. maulbetsch building code an ordinance providing for fire limits and regu- lations covering the construction, alteration, equipment, occupancy, repair and removal of buildings and other structures. passed august , ; approved august , . the common council of the city of ann arbor ordain: the following provisions shall constitute and be known as the building code and may be cited as such and presumptively provides for all matters concerning, affecting or relating to the construction, equipment, occupancy, alteration, repair and removal of buildings, or other structures whatsoever erected or to be erected in the city of ann arbor. article i. section .—there shall be a department of buildings consisting of a chief inspector and such assistants as may be necessary for properly enforc- ing this ordinance. the city engineer shall administer the building code until such time as a separate building department is formed. section .—chief inspector.—the chief inspector shall be appointed by the common council and shall be removed from office by the common council when neccessary for the good of the service. his compensation shall be as established from time to time by the common council. it shall be his duty to enforce all the provisions of this ordinance and supervise the work of his assistants. he and his assistants shall have the power and authority to enter any premises for the purpose of inspection at any reasonable hour when properly identified. he shall devote his entire time to the work of the department and shall not during his term of office be engaged in any private work pertaining to the erection of buildings. section —employees.—the employees of the department shall be appointed by the chief inspector and shall be paid such compensation as established by the common council. they may be removed from office at any time by the chief inspector for the good of the service. they shall perform such duties as shall be prescribed by the chief inspector and shall devote their entire time to work of the department and shall not during their terms of office be engaged in any private work pertain- ing to the erection of buildings. building code section. .—appeal and board of appeals.—in case of dissatisfaction with any decision of the chief inspector, except as to dangerous structures and the management of the department, including the dismissal of employees, an appeal may be made to the board of appeals as herein provided, but if no such appeal is made the decision of the chief inspector shall be final and conclusive. the board of appeals shall consist of seven ( ) persons, two of whom shall be architects or engineers, two contractors or builders, and three persons not connected with the building trades. they shall be appointed by the common council for a period of three years, and thereafter their successors shall be appointed for three years each. all appeals shall be filed in writing with the city clerk. the board shall hold regular meetings on the second monday of each month and for special meetings at the call of the chairman of the board. section .—powers and duties.—the powers and duties of the depart- ment shall be to supervise and control the consjruction, alteration, and repair of all buildings and other structures governed by this ordinance and other ordinances, and to make and enforce the necessary orders to insure safe and secure structures, adequate and safe exits and reasonable resistance to damage by fire or conflagration. it shall be the duty of the department to inspect and, when necessary, to condemn all dangerous and/or dilapidated structures, to inspect all build- ings and other structures during the course of erection, alteration, repair or removal; to inspect all places of public assembly at least once a year, and to make such other inspections of buildings as may be deemed necessary by the chief inspector for public safety, to receive and examine all plans, specifi- cations for permits, to approve or disapprove them, to issue all building per- mits and revoke them when necessary, to collect all fees and pay the same over daily to the city treasurer, and to keep proper records of the depart- ment's work. section .—scope of code. all new buildings or other structures erected in the city of ann arbor shall conform to the requirements of this code, and all statements in this code, unless otherwise specified, shall apply to new structures. additions to buildings shall comply with the require- ments given herein for new buildings even though the building to which the addition is made does not so comply and no addition may be made to a building which will result in a building not conforming to the require- ments of this code, or which will extend or increase any existing non- conformity. existing buildings damaged by collapse, or fire to the extent of less than ti'/' of their value may be rebuilt in their original form, but buildings so damaged to an extent of more than % of their value must be rebuilt in conformity to this code, but frame buildings in the fire limits when damaged to the extent of % of their value shall be rebuilt in conformity with this code. existing buildings may be maintained in their present condition and occupancy except that such changes as are specifically required shall be made when ordered by the chief building inspector. existing buildings complying with the requirements of this code for existing buildings may be altered and repaired at a cost of not exceeding fifty ( ) per cent of their value without being made to comply with the requirements for new buildings building code for wrecking frame or masonry buildings, not exceeding , cubic feet .—$ . for wrecking frame or masonry buildings, not exceeding , cubic feet . for wrecking frame or masonry buildings, exceeding , cubic feet . in the case of old dilapidated or condemned buildings not exceeding , cubic feet, the department of buildings shall have tne right to waive the above fee. the moneys thus collected shall be paid into the city treasury and cred- ited to the general fund. section .—double fees. whenever the construction, alteration, re- pair or demolition of a building shall have been started before the permit therefor has been issued, it shall be the duty of the department to charge a fee double the amount herein established. the construction of any portion of the foundation or the erection of any post or any other portion of the build- ing shall be construed as constituting the starting of construction. section .—refunding of fees.—holders of permits upon which work has not been started may make a written application for a refund of fees paid for such permits provided such application is made and attested before a notary public by the same person or corporation who originally applied for such permit or by the estate of such person or receiver of such corporation within one ( ) year of date of issue. upon verifying the facts in such cases, tl.e department shall refund seventy-five ( %) percent of all the fees in excess of five ( . ) dollars, in such a manner as may be directed by the common council. no such refunds shall be made in the case of permits for which a double fee has been collected. section .—called inspections.—it shall be the duty of the holder of every permit to notify the department verbally or in writing of the time when such building will be ready for inspection. three such inspections must be called for on all buildings except sheds and garages of less than eight hundred ( ) sq. ft. area, and one inspection shall be called for on such buildings. the first of these inspections shall be called for as soon as the found- ations are complete, but before backfilling the earth around foundations or proceeding with the superstructure. the second inspection shall be called when the main structural members are in place, but before covering same with lath or plaster, or other covering. the third inspection shall be called upon the completion of the building. the inspection on small sheds and garages shall be called for as soon as the wall studs are in place. cards suitable for notifying the department of the time for such in- spection shall be furnished by the department to all persons receiving per- mits. failure to notify the department of the time for such inspections shall automatically cancel the permit. before re-issuing such permit, the de- partment may require the payment of a second fee and require that the earth around foundations and lath and plaster on structural members be removed for proper inspection. a notice calling the attention of the holders of permits to the require- ments of this section shall be printed on all permits issued. evild kg code section &.—power to order changes.—when the department shall fin^ any bn£dmg or other rtracrure to be in violation oi this code in any part, the chief inspector shall cause to he sent the owner, or if such owner can not be found, to hit agent or tenant, a written notice of such facts bearing the signature of the chief inspector snch notice shall state the nature of the violation and date when such defects shall be remedied. at the expiration of thfs tfme a second notice shall be served personally upon the owner or hfs agent as herein set forth. should the necessary changes not be made within thirty ( i tiays after service oi such second notice, the common council may ordet the chief inspector to proceed with the work of making such changes. a state- ment of the cost of such work shall be transmitted to the common council who shall cause the srm to be paid and be levied as a special assessment against the property. should the owner or his agents refuse peaceable entry to the chief inspector or his agents, the chief inspector shall apply to any court of competent jurisdiction w-ho upon finding his statement of facts to be true and in accoi dance with this ordinance shrll issue the necessary writs of entry tc the premises. proper service as required herein shall be personal service tn>on the owner of record if he shall be within the city of ann arbor if he shall not be within the cfty of ann arbor such service may be had upon any person accustomed to collect rents upon the property in question who may be in ann arbor, and in the absence of such a one upon the tenant of the premises. should such premises be vacant and the owner be not in ann arbor, service will be complfte when snch a notice is sent by registered mail to the best address obtainable from the records of washtenaw countv. whenever the owner, agent or tenant is a corporation, service may "oe made upon the president vice-president secretary-, or treasurer, or in the absence of all these on the local representative of such corporation. sectton .—power to remove unlawful structures.—in case where it is not practical to alter an unlawful structure to make the same comply with the requirements of this ordinance the chief inspector may apply to the circuit court in chancery to declare such a building or other structure a nuisance and order same removed. section .—records.— \ plans, specifications and applications with the department for permits shall be retained as a permanent record. a copy of each permit consecutively numbered shall be retained by the department and a suitable index of such nermits shall be made. the original reports of inspections made by the department inspectors and a copy of all orders issued by the department shall be retained as a permanent record and shall be suitably filed. copies of all letters and other correspondence of the department shall he suitablv filed and retained for five years. all records of the department excent olans and specifications shall be public records. plans and specifications shall not be subject to inspection bv persons other than persons filing them, and the owner of the premises affected except by order of the chief inspector or of a court of law or chancery. section .—penalty for violation.—whenever anv person shall will- fully violate any of the provisions of this ordinance either oersonallv or hy conspirine with or causing others to commit acts in violation of this ordin- ance whether such person be the owner, contractor, architect or workman. building code he shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined not to exceed $ . or confined in a penal institution for not to exceed ninety ( ) days or both at the discretion of the court. the imposing of sentence under this section shall not be construed as excusing or permitting the continuance of any violation, but the department shall, when necessary to compel correction of unlawful conditions, also pro- ceed as required under sections i and of this article, and when the vio- lation constitutes a nuisance, any owner of the premises, whether the owner at the time the violation was committed or his assignee, shall be deemed guilty of a violation of this ordinance for each day he shall permit such a nuisance to continue unabated after due notice from the department of buildings of the existence of such nuisance. the penalty for maintaining such a nuisance for each day shall be a fine not to exceed one hundred ($ . ) dollars or confinement in any penal institution for not to exceed ninety ( ) days, or both at the discretion of the court. article ii definitions section .—the following words when used in this ordinance shall be defined as given below; all other words shall be interpreted as having the meaning customarily ascribed to such words by the building trades in the united states. section .—(a) basement.—a story of building partly below the adjoin- ing grade, but so located that the vertical distance from the grade to the floor is not greater than the vertical distance from the grade to the ceiling. if the vertical distance from the grade to the ceiling is over five ( ) feet such base- ment shall be rated as a first story. (b) cellar.—a story of a building partly below the adjoining grade and so located that the vertical distance from the grade to the floor is greater than the vertical distance from grade to the ceiling. if the vertical distance from the grade to the ceiling k over five ( ) feet such cellar shall be rated as a first story. (c) dead load.—the actual weight of walls, floors, roof, partitions and all other permanent elements of construction. (d) first story.—the lowest level or a story of a building, the ceiling of which is more than five ( ) feet above the grade. (e) grade.—the level of the earth at the front of the building which shall be assumed to be the mean established level of the sidewalk against which it abuts, plus a rise of not over one ( ) inch per foot of distance from the street line to the nearest part of the building. where a building abuts on two or more streets the grade shall be taken as a mean of the grades calculated from the different streets. (f) heights of buildings.—the vertical distance from the grade as defined herein at the center of the front of the building to the highest point building code of the roof surface if a fiat roof, to the deck line for mansard roofs and to the mean height level between eaves and ridges for gable, hip and gambrel roofs. (g) inflammable liquid.—any liquid having a flash point of less than two hundred ( ) degrees fahrenheit when tested in an open cup tester. (h) lintel.—the beam or girdle placed over a doorway, window or other opening in a wall supporting the wall construction above and other loads. (i) live loads.—all imposed, fixed or transient loads other than the dead loads and wind pressure. (j) masonry.—a mass of brick, stones or concrete or terra cotta blocks, firmly cemented together with lime or cement mortar, not less than eight ( ) inches in its least dimension. (k) partition.—an interior wall dividing one room from another but not including fire walls or party walls. partitions may be non-bearing or may carry loads. ( ) repairs.—the reconstruction or renewal of any part of an ex- isting building for the purpose of its maintenance in its original class of occupancy and type of construction. (m) shed.—a light one or two story structure for temporary use during the erection of a permanent building or a light one-story structure attached to, or auxiliary to, another building for storage or shelter only. (n) side or adjacent property line.—any bounding line separating two pieces of private property owned by separate owners whether the line is at the side, back or front of such property. railroad right-of-ways shall not be considered as privately owned property under this definition. (o) stand pipe.—a vertical iron or steel pipe with hose connections at various points to supply water for fighting fire. (p) story height.—the vertical distance from the top of one floor to the top of the floor immediately above. any story whose height exceeds the limits given herein shall be rated as two stories for the purpose of this code. maximum height allowed for first story, nineteen ( ) feet: for second, fifteen (i ) feet; for third and above, except top. fourteen ( ) feet; and for top story, sixteen ( ) feet, not including attic space. (q) street.—for the purpose of this ordinance any public way such as a public street, avenue, boulevard, park or square, shall be regarded as a street, but public or private allevs shall not be regarded as streets. railroad right-of-ways over thirty ( ) feet wide and navigable water-ways may be regarded as streets but no proiections onto railway property shall be per- mitted without the consent of the owner thereof. (r) street line.—the line of demarcation between streets as defined above and property abutting thereon. (s) veneer.—the outer facing of brick, stone, concrete or tile of an en- closing wall used for ornamental appearance; protection or insulation but not counted as adding strength to the wall. section .—(a) walls: apron wall.—that portion of an enclosing wall between the floor and window sills above and that portion of the wall between the floor and the window heads or lintels below when such wall is non-bearing. building code article iv. types of construction and limits of height. section .—for the purpose of this code, buildings shall be divided into the following types of construction, based upon their resistance to fire, and the maximum height as defined in article ii, section (f) as given opposite each type of construction, unless further restricted under the class of building. type . fireproof construction, limited to one hundred and twenty-five ( ) feet, or ten stories. type . incombustible construction, limited to five ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet. type . protected construction, limited to four ( ) stories or fifty-five ( ) feet. type . mill construction, limited to three ( ) stories or forty-five ( ) feet. type . skeleton construction, limited to one ( ) story and mezzanine, or eighty ( ) feet. type . ordinary construction, limited to three ( ) stories, or forty-five ( ) feet. type . all metal construction, limited to one ( ) story, or twenty ( ) feet. type . frame construction, limited to two ( ) stories, or thirty-five ( ) feet, excepting ice houses as noted. pent houses, domes, spires, cupolas, sky-lights, or other roof construction for the proper light, ventilation or mechanical operation of buildings or ornamental features, specifically permitted in other sections of this code, may be allowed to project above the heights as given above, but no such portions of the building shall be used for storage, workshop, living rooms or for any similar purpose. when two types of construction occur in the same building and are not separated by a complete fire separation, the entire building shall be subject to the restrictions of both types, and shall be classified as the lower of the two types. section (a)—type , or fireproof construction.—limited to one hundred and twenty-five ( ) feet or ten stories in height, and limited in area as given under class of buildings. (b) walls.—in this type of construction all enclosing walls and bearing walls and bearing partitions shall be of masonry. curtain walls may be eight ( ) inches thick. interior non-bearing partitions may be of brick, concrete, terra cotta, concrete block, tile gypsum, or metal lath and plaster on metal studs, or gypsum, or concrete blocks on metal studs meeting the require- ments of article xvi. section . or sheet metal on metal studs. (c) no wood furring or wood lath shall be used. (d) enclosures for stairwells, elevator shafts and other vertical openings, also for electric or gas meter closets shall be not less than four ( ) inches of brick, terra cotta. concrete, concrete block or tile, or gypsum, or two ( ) inches concrete applied to metal lath on metal studs, supported upon the fire- proof floor construction or upon an independent fireoroofed steel frame, and all openings shall be closed with self-closing fire doors of type b (specifica- tion no. ). building code shall not be located in same story height or shall either cover more than twenty ( ) per cent of the area of the building, except running tracks in gymnasium, which may cover not over fifty ( ) per cent of the gymnasium. such mezzanines shall not be used for spectators' galleries in class d and e buildings. (v) show window frames and aprons below, also show cases and other appurtenances on the first floor of stores and similar buildings may be of wood with or without unprotected steel. where the first floor is cut away to light basement the bulkhead and platform of show windows shall be of fire- proof construction. (w) partitions around cashiers' cages, wash stands, lockers, closets, etc., and partitions subdividing offices may be of wood, with or without glass panels, but no such partitions shall be used for corridor walls or for separation . of separate offices. (x) wood trim may be used around doors and windows other than those required to be fireproof and wood picture molds, chair rails and wain- scoting or baseboards may be used. wood doors may be used except on stairs, elevators or other shaft enclosures, and in divisioon walls required to be firewalls and closets for electric or gas meters. section (a)—type , or incombustible construction.—limited in height to five ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet or less for certain classes of buildings and limited in area as given under class of building. (b) the type of construction shall be the same as type , or fireproof construction, except that floors and roofs may be constructed of pressed or formed steel joists, steel bar joists, or other steel members, which will not be limited in thickness. such joists shall be protected immediately below by a ceiling of metal lath and portland cement plaster at least seven-eighths kv%) of an inch thick and shall be covered on top with at least two ( ) inches of concrete. where wood floor finish is used the wood sleepers may be imbedded in two ( ) inch top coat. where roof or balcony purlins are allowed to be left unprotected or to be protected by a suspended ceiling below in fireproof construction, the same rule may be followed in this type of con- struction. sect'on .—<a) type , or protected construction.—limited to four ( ) stories or fifty-five ( ) feet, and limited in area as given under class of building. (b) walls in this type ef construction, all enclosing walls and bearing walls, and partitions shall be masonry. all enclosing walls, including cur- tain walls in buildings over one ( ) story high, shall be at least twelve ( ) inches thick. (c) partitions.—interior non-bearing partitions may be of any of the materials allowed for fireproof construction or wood studs with metal lath and plaster on both sides. no wood furring or wood lath shall be used. (d) enclosures for stairways, elevator shafts and other openings shall be constructed as follows: those exceeding nine ( ) square feet area shall be masonry bearing walls or a partition of brick, tile, concrete or gypsum at building code least four ( ) inches thick, supported on an independent fireproofed steel frame. enclosures for shafts less than nine ( ) square feet may be of metal lath and poortland cement plaster on metal studs at least two ( ) inches thick, supported on a steel frame. all such enclosures shall be continuous from floor to floor and no wood floor members shall project into or through such enclosing partitions. all stairs, elevator and shaft doors shall be self- closing fire doors of type b (specification no. ). (e) vertical members shall be as given under fire proof construction. (f) horizontal members other than floor joists shall be as given under fireproof construction or may be of steel protected on the sides and bottom by one ( ) inch of fireproofing as required for ceilings. wood floor con- struction may rest directly on steel beams or shelf angles. lintels shall be protected like other steel beams. (g) floors may be as given under types and construction or may be constructed of wood joists covered on top with one and five-eighths uh) inch of matched flooring one ( ) layer of asbestos paper weighing one and one-half (v/t) pounds per yard and ( ) layer of seven-eighths (?/%) inch wood flooring. on the bottom of such joists there shall be one ( ) inch of metal lath and cement plaster or one ( ) inch of gypsum board containing not over six ( ) per cent of fibre. such ceilings shall incase the side and bottom of all steel beams, girders or trusses. (h) roofs may be constructed similar to floors except that on top of the one and five-eighths (l?hs) inch matched roofing, there shall be an incom- bustible roofing (see specification no. ). one and two-story buildings only may have seven-eighth (%) inch roof boards. in buildings having an attic space or cockloft and buildings with roofs supported on trusses with ceilings below, the one ( ) inch of ceiling protection may be placed below such trusses instead of under roof joists, but all such attic spaces shall be com- pletely sealed from the room below, and all openings through such space shall be line with one (v inch protection similar to that used on ceiling. when there are any unceiled onenings in this space, or where the attic is used for any purpose, the one ( ) inch fireproof protection shall be applied to the underside of the roof joists and sides of the trusses. fan rooms in attic spaces shall be treated as under fireproof construction. sloping roofs pitched toward public wavs not over ten ( ) feet away shall be provided with snow guards. (see specification no. .) (i) stairs may be of anv material allowed in fireproof construction or they may be of one and five-eighths ( ^ ) inch wood floorings, stringers and loists. protected on the soffits with one ( ) inch protection as required for ceilings. no wooden portion of stairs or landings shall be in contact with wood of floor and all doorways shall be provided with iron, steel or masonry thresholds. <tt windows m^v be of nlain glass in wood frames except where re- quired to be fire windows under class of buildings. (k) bays, oriels and similar protections shall be of masonry at least eight ( ) inches thick, supported on fireproof steel or reinforced concrete. building code ( ) porches and balconies shall be entirely of incombustible material and may be of masonry or unprotected steel with steel balconies, stairs and rails. (m) cornices, eaves and gutters not extending over lot line on build- ings not over four ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet may be of wood protected with metal. all other cornices, eaves and gutters shall be entirely of incom- bustible material. (n) all projections over lot lines shall be as given under article xx. (o) roof structures.—towers, domes, spires and cupolas not over two hundred ( ) square feet area and not nearer than twenty ( ) feet to any property line other than streets or alley lines, may be of wood covered with metal at least u. s. gauge, slate, stucco or other incombustible material if not over forty ( ) feet high measured from the supporting masonry of roof (when supported from the roof) of the building and not over one hundred ( ) feet high measured from the grade. all other such structures shall be made of incombustible material, but steel members need not be fireproofed. all such structures which are not constructed of metal or masonry shall be entirely sealed at the bottom by -means of firedoors or meial-covered trap doors and shall not be used for any other purposes than as an ornament or belfry. (p) pent houses, skylights, lanterns, monitors, cooling towers, photographic studios and dormers, less than two hundred ( ) square feet in area, and not exceeding one ( ) story or sixteen ( ) feet in height measured from roof on buildings not over four ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet in height, may have walls of wood covered with metal of at least u. s. gauge and roof as required on remainder of structure, but all walls which are continuations of the main walls below and all walls within twenty ( ) feet of an adjacent property line shall be of masonry and be provided with windows of wired glass in metal frames. all glasf other than that set in a vertical plane and more than twenty ( ) feet from an adjacent line shall be wired glass. all such structures more than two hundred ( ) square feet in area, or if located on a building more than four ( ) stories high, shall have walls constructed of masonry or concrete on steel studs two ( ) inches thick and all doors shall be firedoors and windows wired glass in metal frames; roofs shall be constructed as required for remainder of building. all walls which are continuations of the main walls below and all walls within twenty ( ) feet of an adjacent property line shall be of masonry and shall be pro- vided with windows of wired glass in metal frames. (q) water tanks for sprinklers shall be suoported on steel supports which need not be fireproofed above the roof line. tanks, and platform under tanks, if not over three ( ) feet wide, may be of wood with iron rails. section .—(a) type , or mill construction.—limited to three ( ) stories or forty-five ( ) feet and limited as to area as given under class of building. (b) this type of construction shall be the same as type or protected construction in all respects except as to interior vertical and horizontal mem- bers, floors and roofs, which shall be as follows: building code (c) interior vertical members shall be as given under fireproof con- struction or may be solid wood posts of not less than sixty (o ) square inches cross section area. such posts shall be provided with steel or cast iron self- releasing caps. (d) horizontal members, beams, girders or joists shall be of concrete, steel or wood beams of at least fifty-six ( ) square inches cross section area steel beams shall be protected on the bottom and sides and that portion of the top not in direct contact with wood joists with at least one ( ) inch of portland cement plaster on metal lath. wood beams less than eighty ( ) square inches in area shall be solid pieces and those over eighty ( ) square inches area may be built up of pieces of at least forty ( ) square incres area, securely bolted together at intervals of not less than three ( ) feet. all wood beams supported on brick walls shall be fire cut. (e) floors shall be constructed as in type construction or of solid wood sub-rloor, not less than one and five-eighths (l^s) inch thick covered with a layer of asbestos paper weighting one and one-half (\yi) pounds per square yard, and one ( ) layer seven-eighths ( /i) inch flooring. if the sub-rloor is less than three and one-half ( ) inches thick, it shall be of matched flooring. the under side of floor joists shall be sealed as required under type construction. (f) roofs shall be constructed of joists and girders as used for floors, above which there shall be matched roof boards not less than one and five-eighths ( -hs) inch thick, covered with an incombustible roofing (see specification no. ). the underside of roof joists shall not be sealed unless sealed as required for protected construction directly under roof joists. suspended ceilings under roofs, if used, shall be of metal lath and portland cement plaster on metal channels and metal hangers. attic floors shall comply with the requirements of other floors and all attic spaces or cocklofts shall be completely sealed off from room below with one ( ) inch of fire- proofing or one and five-eighths (\y&) inches of matched flooring around all vertical openings. steel roof trusses shall be protected with one ( ) inch of metal lath and portland cement plaster around all members except the top of trusses in contact with wood purlins or with a complete ceiling of one ( ) inch of metal lath and cement plaster on metal channels and metal hangers, but the fireproofing of roof trusses may be omitted in completely sprinklered buildings. sloping roofs pitched toward public ways not over ten ( ) feet away shall be provided with snow guards. (see specification no. ). section .— (a) type or skeleton construction.—limited to one ( ) story and one ( ) mezzanine or eighty ( ) feet, except when roof purlins and roof boards are of wood, in which case such buildings shall not exceed fifty ( ) feet. buildings of this type are permitted in fire limits only when exterior walls are of masonry and are limited in area and located on lot as given under class of building. (b) walls.—in this construction the enclosing walls shall be of masonry at least eight ( ) inches thick. interior bearing partitions shall be masonry. interior non-bearing partitions may be of any material allowed for type construction. building code (c) enclosures.—no enclosure will be required around stairs and shafts except that where there is a basement the basement stairwell and other open- ings through the first floor shall be enclosed in at least an eight ( ) inch masonry wall in the basement and shall be provided with a self-closing fire- door of type b. (see specification no. .) there shall be no wood lath and no wood furring used. (d) vertical bearing members shall be masonry, cast iron or steel. metal members may be unprotected. (e) -horizontal members shall be reinforced concrete or unprotected steel for principal members and wooden joists or purlins of mill size for secondary members, but no "wooden member shall carry more than one hundred fifty ( ) square feet of floor or roof. lintels need not be protected. (f) floors.—the first floor shall be as required for fireproof construction. (g) mezzanine floors.—a mezzanine floor may be constructed if not covering more than one-half (a) the area of the building. this floor shall be of any material allowed for type or construction or it may be made of at least one and five-eighths (\v%) inches matched flooring supported on horizontal members as given above. two ( ) inch nailing plates may be bolted to the tops of steel beams. (h) roof.—the roof shall be carried on steel trusses or beams and wood purlins as given above with one and five-eighths (\v%) inches matched roofing covered with an incombustible roofing (see specification no. ), in which case the building shall be limited to fifty ( ) feet in height, or the roof may be constructed of unprotected steel trusses, beams and purlins with a roofing of reinforced concrete or gypsum slabs of any thickness required for structural reasons, in which case the building may be eighty ( ) feet high. there shall be no cocklofts or attic spaces. sloping roofs pitched toward public ways not over ten ( ) feet away shall be provided with snow guards. (see specification no. .) (i) windows may be nlain glass in wood frames except where required to be fire windows under class of building. (j) bays, oriols and similar projections shall be of masonry at least eight ( ) inches thick or two ( ) inches of cement plaster on metal lath supported on fireproof steel. (k) porches, balconies, cornices, eaves and gutters shall be entirely of incombustible materials. ( ) all projections over lot lines shall be as given under article xx. (m) roof structures shall be as given under type construction. section .—(a) type or ordinary construction. limited to three ( ) stories or forty-five ( ) feet. buildings of this type are limited in area as given under class of building. (b) in this type of construction, all enclosing walls or fire division walls shall be of masonry and all bearing walls and partitions below the first floor shall be of masonrv. building code (c) partitions.—interior bearing or non-bearing partitions other than fire or division walls, stairs, elevators or shaft enclosures and bearing walls or partitions below the first floor may be of wood studs with lath and plaster, wood ceiling, or other material no more combustible than wood, (.see article xi, section (a), for exception as to partition construction in type buildings used as dwellings if over two ( ) stories flight). (d) enclosures for stairs, elevators and other vertical openings shall be of brick, tile, gypsum or concrete at least four ( ) inches thick, or portland cement plaster on metal lath at least two ( ) inches thick, continuous from floor to floor. self-closing fire-doors of type b (see specification no. ) shall be provided on all openings in such enclosures. (e) vertical members below the first floor line shall be of metal or masonry, but all other vertical and all horizontal members may be of any material structurally suitable for the purpose if not more combustible than wood. metallic members need not be fireproofed. (f) floors and roofs may be of any material structurally suitable if not more combustible than wood, but roof coverings shall be of incombustible material. (see specification no. .) all basement ceil- ings shall be covered with metal lath, gypsum lath or other incombustible lathing material and h inch portland cement or gypsum plaster. exceptions and deviations—class f buildings when of type construction if over two ( ) stories high shall have all wooden partitions, walls and ceilings covered with metal lath, gypsum lath or other incombustible lathing material and m inch portland cement or gypsum plaster. sloping roofs pitched toward public ways not over ten ( ) feet away shall be provided with snow guards. (see specification no. ). (g) stairs may be wood of any thickness sufficient for structural re- quirements. (h) windows may lie of plain glass in wood frames except where re- quired to be fireproofed under class of building. (i) bays, oriols and similar projections on street or alley faces of buildings not extending over lot lines may be of wood covered with u. s. gauge metal or other material having an equal resistance to fire, but such projections shall not be more than two ( ) stories high nor more than fifteen ( ) feet wide and there shall be at least ten ( ) feet of masonry between any two such projections. similar projections may be placed on sides of buildings unless the requirements under class of building would demand fire windows, in which case the entire projections shall be made of at least eight ( ) inch masonry walls, supported on fireproofed steel and provided through- out with fire windows. such projections, when larger than given above or when projecting over lot lines, may be built on street and alley lines, but shall be of incombustible material, but may have wood sash and plain glass. no encroachment on a street or alley shall exceed that allowed in article xx. (j) porches and balconies.—open porches and balconies not extending beyond lot line and not more than two ( ) stories high may be of wood construction, but must be at least ( ) feet from side property line or be pro- tected with masonry walls parallel to the property line. building code two ( ) inches of concrete, reinforced with wire mesh or eight ( ) inches of masonry veneering securely tied to wood frames. section .—advertising.—it shall be a violation of this code to advertise or represent a building to be a different and better type of construction than that established by the provisions of this article. article v. classification of buildings and general requirements section .—classification of buildings.—for the purpose of this code all buildings or parts of buildings shall be divided into the following classes based upon their use or occupancy. any occupancy not mentioned in the following shall be placed by the department in the class it most nearly resembles. class a shall include all manufacturing buildings, wholesale stores, ware- houses, sheds (other than those attached or pertaining to residences), power houses, crane sheds, bridges, ice storage houses, chemical works, and all similar buildings except as particularly mentioned under class "b" and all open shelter sheds, except those used for amusement and those attached to dwellings. the requirements for class a buildings are given in article vi. class b shall be divided into the following sub-classes, and shall include the following: sub-class b-l.—all garages, gasoline motor boat houses, hangars, paint shops, enameling shops, rag shops, or rag storage rooms and buildings for the manufacture, storage, use or sale of inflammable liquids and other highly inflammable substances, including calcium carbide and all other buildings subject to an unusual fire risk as specificallv mentioned under sub-classes b- and b- . sub-class b- .—all dry cleaning establishments, and all buildings used for the storage or manufacture of celluloid, including nitro-cellulose motion picture films and buildings for the storage or manufacture of explosives and buildings used for generating acetylene. sub-class b- .—all stables for horses, cows or other domestic or wild animals. requirements for class b buildings are given in article vii. class c shall include all semi-public buildings such as retail stores, department stores, office buildings, business colleges, telephone exchanges, recreation buildings for bowling, pool, billiards and similar games, baths, building code section .—fire appliances.—high buildings and buildings involving unusual risks to persons or property shall be provided with standpipes, sprinkler systems, or other fire extinguishing equipment as shall be required by section of the article governing the class of occupancy. section .—protection of special hazards.—in section of each article governing a class of occupancy is listed the various special fire hazards liable to be found in such rules as shall apply in each case are given together with the numbers of the specifications to be found in article xxii according to which such apparatus be constructed. whenever any such apparatus is present in any occupancy from which it is not specifically excluded it may be used even if not mentioned in section of the article governing that class of occupancy but such apparatus shall be installed and constructed as specified in article xxii. all electrical wiring in all classes of buildings shall comply with the requirements of the national electrical code and such special rules as may be adopted by the city of ann arbor. section .—exceptions and deviations.—in case of certain occupancies where the general rules are given in sections to inclusive work an unreas- onable hardship or are either too exacting or not sufficiently restrictive, an exception is made in section of the article governing such occupancy. when it apnears to the chief inspector that an exception should be made for any particular occupancy and no such exception is given he shall recommend to the roard of appeals that such an exception be made as an amendment to section . all occupancies affected bv an exception in section shall be marked with an asterisk in section , but failure to so mark an occupancy shall not be deemed as excusing any perse n from complying with such requirement. secticn .—existing buildings, in order that they may lawfully be continued in tl»eir occupancy at the time this code is adopted must be made to comply with the requirements of section of the article governing such occupancy within two ( ) vears after the adoption of this code or at any time thereafter that the chief inspector may order such compliance. section —existing buildin? chanted in occupancy.—existing build- ings shall not be changed in occupancy from that occupancy present at the adoption of this code unless complying with the requirements of section of the article governing the new occupancv. a change in occupancy shall consist in such a change as shall place the building in a different class of occnancv as specified in this code or in the different sub-class, but shall not consist in such change in use of anv b'tilding as shall result in the buildin•* being placed in the same class and sub-class. building code article vi class "a" buildings section .—class a shall include all manufacturing buildings, wholesale stores, warehouses, power houses, bridges, ice storage houses, chemical works, and all similar buildings except as particularly mentioned under class b, and all open shelter sheds except those used for amusement and those attached to dwellings. class a buildings shall be built of one of the following types of con- struction: if not over one ( ) story or thirty-five ( ) feet, of types , , , , or . if not over three ( ) stories or forty-five ( ) feet, of types , , , or . if not over four ( ) stories or fifty-five ( ) feet, of types , , or . if not over five ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet, of types or . if over five ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet, of type . section .—mixed occupancy.—when any minor part of any building is used for the storage of merchandise, goods or materials of any sort inci- dental to any other class of occupancy, the building shall be classed according to the use of the minor portion of the building, and no separation between the portion so used and the remainder of the building shall be required. when class a and sub-class li- and b- occupancies occur in the same building there shall be a complete fire separation (see specification no. ) between the two occupancies, and the fire exits from the two portions shall be separate. no class a building shall have any part used for sub-class b- occupancy. where class a and c occupancies occur in the same building, there shall be a complete fire separation between the two occupancies and the exits from the two portions shall be separate or the entire building shall be constructed as provided for class c. offices of factories, warehouses and similar build- ings when situated in such buildings may be classed as class a. where class a and d or e occupancies occur in the same building they shall be separated by an unpierced fire separation (see specification no. ) and no part of the building used for class a purposes shall be above or below any part used for class d or e uses. where class a and f occupancies occur in the same building, there shall he a complete and unpierced fire saparation (see specification no. ) be- tween the two occupancies, and the exits from the two portions shall be separate. where class a and g occupancies occur in the same building the con- struction shall comply with the requirements for class a, and there shall be two separate and distinct exits from class g portion. section .—stairs and exits.—class a buildings not over two ( ) stories high, and not over three thousand ( ) square feet in area on second or mezzanine floor must have one ( ) stairs. if more than two stories, or if more than three thousand ( ) square feet in area on any floor above the first there shall be at least two ( ) separate and distinct stairs or more if necessary to fulfill the following conditions: building code the process carried on in such a building the department may accept other types of enclosures than those herein given and may omit such enclosures in case they unduly hamper the operation of machinery. in all such cases the department may require such types of construction and such special safeguards as may appear necessary for substantial safety. section .—location and exposures.—class a buildings shall not be limited in their location upon property except that no such building shall be built nearer than ten ( ' feet to any adjacent property line or any other building upon the same property unless the walls of the new buildings are of masonry. buildings with masonry walls may be erected on adjacent property lines but all walls within three ( ) feet of adjacent property lines or other buildings on the same property shall be solid and without openings of any sort. ' all windows or doors in walls less than ten ( ) feet from adjacent property lines or other buildings on the same property shall be fire windows or doors. all windows in walls facing on streets, alleys or courts less than twenty ( ) feet wide shall be fire windows. also, all windows or doors opening over roofs less than ten ( ) feet away shall be fire windows or fire doors unless such roofs are of type or construction. above all walls which are less than ten ( ) feet from adjacent property lines or which face upon streets, alleys or courts less than twenty ( ) feet wide there shall be a parapet at least eighteen ( ) inches high for buildings two ( ) stories or less in height, or thirty-six ( ) inches high for buildings more than two ( ' stories high. such parapets may be omitted when the roof is of type or construction. section . (a) fire areas.—all class a buildings shall be divided into areas not exceeding those given in the following table by fire walls, and all openings therein shall be provided with self-closing or automatic fire doors of type a. maximum allowable area in square feet fronting on type street streets streets . , , , , . • , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (b) the allowable area of each portion of the building shall be deter- mined by the number of streets, alleys or courts upon which that portion fronts. courts or alleys not less than twenty ( ) feet wide may be counted as streets in this section. no area shall be so arranged that it does not border on at least one court or alley. (c) buildings only one ( ) story high or one ( ) story with mezzanine or second story not exceeding one-tenth ( - ) of the area of the first story may be increased by one-half (y ) over the values here given. buildings building code stresses and such buildings shall be used for no other purpose than the storage of ice. (b) power houses.—power houses of fireproof construction may have fireproofing omitted from crane supports, coal pockets and other mechanical devices necessary to the proper operation of the plant and may have un- protected steel roof trusses and purlins, steel balconies and unprotected and unenclosed steel or iron stairs to provide access to working parts of machinery. the general requirements for risers, treads, and width will not be demanded of such stairs. no combustible material other than fuel, lubricants and cooling oils shall be used in such buildings. (c) chemical plants.—chemical plants, grain elevators, coal pockets and similar special constructions, may be constructed in accordance with the best practices and necessities of the trade. the department may permit such variations from this code as are necessary to permit useful and economical construction but may insist upon such provisions as are deemed necessary to minimize the risk from fire or deterioration. due regard will be given in making such rulings to the isolation of the structure in question and the risk of the surrounding property owners. (d) storage building and warehouses of types or not exceeding five ( ) stories high may have only one ( ) stairway if provided with at least one ( ) fire escape (specification no. ), but not more than five persons shall be employed above the first floor of any such building. (e) bridges constructed only to serve as passageways between two or more class a buildings shall be of the same type of construction as re- quired for a building of the height of the roof of such bridge, but the walls of such bridges may be of cement plaster on metal lath not less than two ( ) inches thick and the soffit of such bridges shall be of type l construction. (f) in buildings used for assembling machinery, the painting of parts during the assembly shall not cause such building to be classed as a class b building. the quantity of paint stored and the manner in which it is stored and used shall be determined by the chieef inspector. section .—existing buildings.—buildings of class a existing at the time this ordinance was adooted, may be continued in the use if structurally safe and provided with adequate exits. the department shall have the power to order such changes as are necessary to provide substantial structural safetv and to provide exits to meet the requirements of section of this article with the following exceptions: any existing interior stair which extends to the ground floor shall be given credit as one ( ) stair, even though it does not meet the requirements of section . and one ( ) standard fire escane (see specification no. ) mav be provided for each stair reauired in section . no existing interior stair shall be removed unless replaced bv a new interior stair, and anv new interior stair which mav be built shall meet the requirements of section , whether it is built to replace an old stair or not. rvisting building shall not be increased in size or height unless complying with all the requirements for new buildings, but additions complying with all . building code new requirements may be erected. if such additions exceeds fifty ( %) per cent of the volume of the existing building they shall be provided with a fire separation from the existing building. section .—buildings altered to class a occupancy.—existing buildings of other classes of occupancy may be altered to class a occupancy if struct- urally safe and complying with the requirements of sections , , , , , and of this article. article vii class "b" buildings section . class b buildings shall be divided into the following sub- classes and shall include the following, and shall be constructed of one of the following types of construction: sub-class b-l.—all garages, gasoline service stations, gasoline motor boat houses, hangers, paint shops, enameling shops, rag shops, or rag storage rooms and buildings for the manufacture, storage, use or sale of in- riammable liquids and other highly inflammable substances including calcium carbide and all other buildings subject to an unusual fire risk except as specifically mentioned under sub-classes b- and b- . if not over one ( ) story or twenty ( ) feet high, and not over four hundred ( ) square feet in area, of types , . , . , or . if not over one ( ) story or twenty ( ) feet high, but over four hundred ( ) square feet in area, of types , , , , or . if not over four ( ) stories or fifty-five ( ) feet, of types or . if over four ( ) stories or fifty-five ( ) feet, of type . sub-class b- .—all dry cleaning establishments, and all buildings used for the storage or manufacture of celluloid, including nitro-cellulose motion picture films and buildings for the storage or manufacture of explosives, and buildings for generating acetylene. if not over one ( ) story high, of types or . if over one ( ) story high, of type . section .—sub-class b- .—all stables for horses, cows or other domestic or wild animals. if not over one ( ) story and storage loft, or twenty ( ) feet in height, of types , , , , or . if not over four ( ) stories or fifty-five ( ) feet, of types or . if over four ( ) stories or fifty-five ( ) feet, of type . building code be provided with self-closing or automatic fire doors of type a (see speci- fication no. ). sub-class b- buildings shall be similarly divided by fire walls but the areas in this case shall be only twenty ( ) per cent of those allowed for class a buildings in article vi, section , paragraphs (a), (b) and (c). section .—fire appliances.—every class b building over fifty ( ) feet high shall be provided with at least one standpipe for each seven thousaand five hundred ( , ) square feet of floor area or fraction thereof but there shall not be more than seventy-five ( ) feet from any part of the building to a standpipe. (see specification no. .) also, there shall be one hand fire extinguisher for each one thousand ( , ) square feet of floor area uniformly distributed throughout the building (see specification no. ). the type of the hand extinguisher shall be that most suited for the occupancy of the premises in the judgment of the chief of the fire department. section .—the following apparatus shall be installed and constructed in accordance with the specifications referred to by number after each such piece of apparatus: ovens, etc. warm air ducts vent flues heating and ventilating ducts gas supply lines oil burners other sources of heat and flame chimneys and stacks steam or hot water heating plants & warm air furnaces steam and hot water pipes & kilns incinerators & in all buildings used as garages or in which inflammable liquids are used or stored there shall be adequate natural ventilation to prevent accumulation of explosive vapors. in sub-class b-l buildings no heating apparatus shall be used except when included in separate heating rooms and all heating rooms containing boilers, stoves, and similar apparatus shall be separated from the remainder of the building with an unpierced fire separation. when in basements the entrance to such heating rooms must be from the outside of the building or through a vestibule ventilated to the outside air when such buildings are used as garages or other purposes involving the use of inflammable liquids. sub-class b- shall not contain any heating apparatus but may be heated from separate buildings at least ten ( ) feet away. in sub-class b- build- ings heating rooms need not be separated. building code a open gas flames and other bare flames shall not be used in class b buildings. nitrocellulose picture films shall not be used in class b buildings except in that part of class b building used exclusively for the manufacture, storage, handling, repair or sale of such films. torches, forges, welding apparatus, battery charging apparatus, grind- stones and similar apparatus producing flame, heat or sparks shall not be used in class b buildings unless essential to the trade or occupation pursued therein, in which case such apparatus may be used when installed in a separate room isolated from the remainder of the building with an incom- bustible partition provided with self-closing fire door of type b. spray coating of manufactured or fabricated articles. paints, lacquers, enamels, stains and similar surface coatings by means of compressed air and the handling and storage of inflammable materials shall conform with the regulations of the state fire marshal under section of act of , as amended by act of . section .—exceptions and deviations: domestic garages and motor boat houses. garages of frame or other construction and motor boat houses of not over eight hundred ( ) square feet area, when accessory to a dwelling and upon the rear one-half (y ) of the lot upon which such dwelling is located may be built within two ( ) feet of any side or rear prop- erty line and shall be exempt from the requirements of section above, except that they shall be not less than ten ( ) feet away from any building or other dwelling on the same property. when nearer than two ( ) feet to the side property lines, there shall be a solid masonry wall adjacent to the property line. , domestic garages when attached to a dwelling or closer than ten feet from a dwelling shall comply with the provisions of the mishigan state housing law. airplane hangars when forty ( ) feet from any property line or other building and twenty ( ) feet from any other hangar may be of type construction if not over five thousand ( , ) square feet in area. the height may be more than twenty ( ) feet if necessary but not more than thirty-five ( ) feet. fire engine houses may contain garages for fire apparatus and dormi- tories for firemen without fire separation as required in section above. temporary storage explosives.—explosives used in construction work may be stored during progress of work in a building of any type or construc- tion not over four hundred ( ) square feet in area. such building shall not be nearer than fifty ( ) feet to any other building and shall be painted red and plainly marked "explosives—dangerous" in letters at least twelve ( ) inches high on all sides. section .—existing buildings.—buildings of class i! existing at the time this ordinance was adopted, if structurally safe and provided with ade- quate exits, may be continued in use with the exception that they shall be made to comply with the additional requirements below within two ( ) years after the adoption of this ordinance, or as soon thereafter as ordered by the chief inspector. the department shall have the power to order building code if not over one ( ) story or twenty ( ) feet, of type , , , , or . if not over two ( ) stories or thirty-five ( ) feet, of type , , , or . if not over four ( ) stories or fifty-five ( ) feet, of types , , or , except first floor, which must be types or . if not over five ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet, of types or . if over five ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet, of type . section .—mixed occupancy.—for class c occupancy mixed with class a see article vi, section . for class c occupancy mixed with class b, see article vii, section . class c occupancy may be mixed with class d occupancy, provided the class d occupancy does not provide accommodations for a total of more than four hundred persons and the exits for the class c and d portions are separ- ate. such buildings shall comply with all the requirements for class d build- ings. class c occupancies shall be separated from class d occupancies providing accommodations for more than four hundred ( ) persons by an unpierced fire separation (see specification no. ) and shall have separate exits, but this shall not exclude stands for the sale of merchandise or restaur- ants being located in railways stations, court houses, club houses, dance halls, or similar buildings where the class c occupancy does not exceed twenty ( ) per cent of the total floor area of the building, nor from the holding of bazaars in churches, and similar buildings. in class d buildings recreation rooms for bowling, pool, billiards and similar games, baths and restaurants when accessory to the general occupancy may be classed as of class d. all class c occupancies shall be separate from any class e occupancy by an unpierced fire separation (see specification no. /) and the exits shall be separate. class c occupancies may be mixed with class f or g occupancies but the type of construction of such buildings shall meet the more restrictive requirements of both occupancies and each portion of the building shall meet tie requirements for that class of occupancy. section .—stairs and exits.—the stair and exit requirements shall be the same as for class a buildings in article vi, section . section .—enclosure of vertical openings.—the requirements for en- closures of vertical openings shall be the same as those for class a buildings in article vi, section , except that monumental stairs in buildings of type or construction or buildings completely snrinklered may be unenclosed from the first to the second floor if the shaft enclosure above the second floor is closed with a type b fire door. in all cases there shall be at least one ( ) stair completely enclosed to the ground floor. section .—location and exposures.—the requirements for location and exposures shall be the same as those for class a occupancies in article vi, section , except that fire windows may be placed in the walls of buildings of type construction when such walls are upon lot lines or less than three feet therefrom, provided that all rooms lighted by such windows shall also be adeanately lighted from other windows placed in light courts or upon streets or alleys. building code paint and varnish stores may store and dispense the inflammable liquids ordinarily sold by that trade if such liquids are stored on the ground floor and the building is of type or construction if over two ( ) stories high. such buildings shall not contain any class d, f or g occupancies. the inflammable liquids stored shall not exceed one hundred fifty ( ) gallons in approved metal containers. section .—existing buildings.—requirements for existing buildings shall be the same as those for class a buildings in article vi, section . section .—buildings altered to class c occupancy.—existing build- ings of other classes of occupancy may be altered to class c occupancy if structurallv safe and complying with the requirements of sections , , , , , , and . article ix class "d" buildings section .—class d shall include all pubic buildings such as city or county administrative buildings, court houses, libraries, or museums, railway passenger stations, post offices, schools, boarding schools, seminaries! churches and church houses, club houses, lodge halls, drill halls, dance halls,' skating rinks, gymnasiums, auditoriums, amusement devices providing shelter and similar building, but shall not include major or minor theaters as defined under class e. class d buildings shall be built of one of the following types of con- struction: if not over two ( ) stories and one ( ) balcony or forty-five ( ) feet in height and not over ten thousand ( . ) square feet in area, of types , , or . if not over five ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet, of types or . if over five ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet, of type . section .—mixed occupancy.—for class d occupancy mixed with class a. see article. vi. section . for class d occupancy mixed with class r, see article a ii. section . for class d occupancy mixed with class c see article viii. section .' class d and class f occupancies may be mixed provided the building meets all the requirements for class f occupancv and the exits from the occupancies are senarate and distinct. if the portion used for class d occu- pancy does not meet the class e requirements, the two occupancies shall be -eparated by an unpierced fire separation (see specification no. ) and the exits shall he separate. • building code where class d and f occupancies occur in the same building they shall be separated by an unpierced fire separation (see specification no. ) and the exit/ shalr be wept separate (see article ix. section , fdr exceptions on club houses, boarding schools and similar buildings). class d and g occupancies may be mixed provided the building complies with all the requirements for class d buildings. section .—stairs and exits.—every class d building shall have at least one ( ) stairway if more than one ( ) story high, or if provided with a basement, and there shall be two ( ) stairs from every floor above the first or from any basement used for assembly purpose, or from any floor above the first or any basement, whether or not used as an assembly hall if over two thousand ( , ) square feet in area or from any balcony seating more than fifty ( ) persons. these two ( ) stairs shall be separated by at least seventy-five ( ) per cent of the longest dimension of the floor served. more stairs shall be provided if necessary to provide one ( ) stair for each four hundred ( ) persons having access to such stairs in buildings of type or construction and one ( ) stair for each two hundred ( ) persons in buildings of other types, and there shall not be more than one hundred twenty- five ( ) feet from any part of the building measured along corridors to a stair or horizontal exit in buildings of type or construction or seventy-five ( ) feet for buildings of other types of construction. on the ground floor there shall be a corridor or unobstructed passageway, not over thirty ( ) feet long, at least as wide as the stairs leading to a street, alley or court leading to street or alley. the doors on all exits shall swing out and the doors on all stair wells shall swing in the direction of travel when used as an exit. the risers of stairs shall not exceed seven ( ) inches and the treads shall not be less than ten and one-half ( ;/) inches. exits.—every building whether one ( ) story or more in height shall have at least two ( ) exits leading to streets, alleys or courts leading to streets or alleys and these exits'shall be separated by at least seventy-five ( ) per cent of the longest dimension of the building. more exits shall be provided if necessary to furnish twenty ( ) inches of exit width to each two hundred ( ) persons in buildings of types or or one hundred ( ) persons in all other buildings on the first floor in addition to the exits at the base of stairs. in no case shall there be more than one hundred twenty-five ( ) feet from any part of the building to any exit measured along the corridors in buildings of type or , or seventy-five ( ) feet for buildings of other types of construction. rooms either on the first or other floors of a building, when accom- modating more than one hundred ( ) persons, shall be provided with two ( ) or more exit doors meeting the requirements as to width, number and location required for exit from one ( ) story buildings. no such openings shall be less than three ( ) feet four ( ) inches wide. all entrances to exit stairs and all exits from rooms accommodating over one hundred ( ) persons and all exits from buildings shall be marked with electrically illuminated red signs having letters at least six ( ) inches high. all such illuminated signs shall be wired on a circuit separate from the service lights. hardware on stairwell doors and exit doors shall be of such a tvpe a* to open readily in the direction of travel without the use of a key. top and building code (c) class d buildings used as club houses, boarding schools, seminaries, and for similar purposes may contain sleeping rooms incident to the general occupancy of the building. such buildings shall comply with all the require- ments for class d buildings except that the portion used as sleeping quarters shall comply with the requirements of sections , , , and of article xi governing class f buildings in place of the corresponding sections of article ix. section .—existing buildings.—buildings of class d existing at the time of this ordinance was adopted may be continued in use if structurally safe, if provided with adequate exits ana if not in the same building with any garage, dry cleaning establishment or other place where inflammable liquids or.other highly inflammable substances are used or stored. the department shall have the power to order such changes as are necessary to provide substantial structural safety and adequate exits. no class d building containing a hazardous occupancy as mentioned above shall be continued in use. adequate exits shall be exits complying with the provisions of section of this article except that any existing stair not less than three ( ) feet wide and extending to the ground floor shall be given credit as a standard stair and that fire escapes (see section no. ) may be substituted for not more than one-half (y ) of the required stairs. such fire escapes shall be located as directed by the chief building inspector. existing buildings shall not be increased in size or height unless com- plying with all the requirements for new buildings, but additions complying with all new requirements may be erected if provided with fire separation from the existing buildings. section .—buildings altered to class d occupancy.—existing build- ings of other classes of occupancy may be altered to class d occupancy only if structurally safe and complying with all the requirements of sections, . . . , , , , and . article x class "e" buildings section, .—class e shall include all theatres, all buildings provided with an auditorium and stage provided with fly galleries for movable scenery and all other buildings containing an auditorium used frequently for viewing moving pictures, dramatic or theatrical performances to which admission is customarily charged either in money or other consideration. class e buildings shall be built of one of the following types of con- struction: if providing seating capacity for not over six hundred ( ) persons of types , or . building code if providing seating capacity for over six hundred ( ) persons of types or . but in all theatres the stage shall be of type except as provided in section . section .—mixed occupancies.—no building of class e occupancy shall be mixed with buildings of class a, b, d, f or g occupancies. for class e occupancies mixed with class c occupancies, see article viii, section . section .—(a) stairs and exits.—main exits of auditorium. at the rear of the main auditorium, there shall be a foyer having an area of one ( ) square foot for each seat using such foyer for an exit. the foyer shall be on the same level as the back of the auditorium and there shall be no steps between the foyer and the public street to which the foyer communicates but changes of elevation shall be by ramps of not more than one ( ) foot in twenty ( ) feet. the foyer shall abut upon a public street or communicate thereto by a straight and unobstructed lobby which shall be used for no purpose except as an exit or entrance, but may contain a ticket booth. the unobstructed width of the lobby shall not be less than that of the exits. the least width of the exits from the the auditorium to the foyer shall be twenty ( ) inches per one hundred ( ) seats for which exit is provided. the least width of the exits from the foyer to the street shall be twenty ( ) inches per one hundred! ) seats for all seats communicating with the foyer. (b) all aisles and exits including foyer shall be kept clear and free of all obstructions, either permanent or movable, at all times building is in use. this shall be construed as prohibiting radiators, chairs, stools, stands, slot machines, signs, easels and similar objects from being placed in any exit, aisle, or foyer where in line of travel or where they encroach upon the required unobstructed width and as prohibiting a ticket booth from obstructing any part of the required exits. (c) emergency exits and cross aisles in auditorium: at the sides of the auditorium there shall he one ( ) or more exit doors lead- ing directly to an open court leading to a street or alley or into a fireproof passage leading to a street or alley. such exits shall be located not less than one-half {y ) of the length of the auditorium from the lover. the width of the emergency exits on each side of the auditorium shall be the same and the combined width shall not be less than ten ( ) inches per one hundred ( ) seats in the auditorium. no exit shall be less than three ( ) feet six ( ) inches wide. the unobstructed width of the court or corridor shall not be less than that of the exits. when corridors are used for emergency exits, there shall be no openings into such corridor of any sort except the entrance and exit doors. the entrance doors shall be type r (see specification no. ) fire doors hung to swing in the direction of travel when used as exits and shall not block the required exit space. there shall be no steps in such courts or corridors and all changes of level shall be made by ramps of not over one ( ) foot in ten ( ) feet. there shall be a cross aisle entirely across the auditorium, at least thirty ( ) inches wide from the edge of seat when down to back of chair in next row, leading to each emergency exit. building code (d) seats and aisles in auditoriums: seats shall be so spaced as to be not less than twenty-eight ( ) inches back to back and shall not be less than twenty ( ) inches wide. there shall not be more than fourteen ( ) seats between any two ( ) aisles and not more than seven ( ) seats between any aisle and a wall. all seats shall be securely fastened to the floor. all aisles shall be at least two feet, six inches ( ' '') wide if having seats on only one side and three ( ) feet wide if having seats on both sides, at the end furthest from the foyer and shall increase in width by two inches for each ten ( ) feet toward the foyer for aisles having seats on one side only, and four ( ) inches for each ten ( ) feet for aisles having seats on both sides. there shall be no steps in aisles but aisles may be inclined by not more than one ( ) foot in ten ( ) feet. (e) main exits from balcony and gallery: there shall be at least one ( ) stair for every balcony or gallery and if such bal- cony or gallery seats fifty ( ) or more persons, there shall be two ( ) stairs or more if necessary to provide twenty ( ) inches in total width for each one hundred ( ) seats or fraction thereof. such stairs must lead directly to a public street or into the auditorium foyer. when two ( ) or more stairs are required, one ( ) shall lead from each side of such balcony or gallery. no such stair shall be less than three ( ) feet six ( ) inches wide. the risers shall not be over seven ( ) inches and the treads not less than ten and one-half ( j ) inches. there shall be no winders. (f) aisles, seats and cross aisles in balcony and gallery: seats shall be so spaced as not to be less than twenty-eight ( ) inches back to back and there shall not be more than fourteen ( ) seats between any two aisles or seven ( ) seats between aisle and a wall. risers in aisles shall be the full width of the aisle and no risers shall be over eight ( ) inches and no tread less than ten ( ) inches. when the rise from row to row is three ( ) inches or less, the aisle shall be ramped. all aisles shall be three ( ) feet six ( ) inches wide and cross aisles of the same width shall lead to all main exits and tunnel openings. there shall not be more than nine ( ) rows of seats in any balcony or gallery between exits by means of a tunnel or cross aisle at least three ( ) feet six ( ) inches wide leading to the main exit stairs. (g) emergency exits from balcony and gallery: every balcony and gallery shall have one ( ) emergency exit and if seating fifty ( ) or more persons shall have two ( ) emergency exits or more if necessary to provide ten ( ) inches in width of combined emergency exits for each one hundred ( ) seats. no emergency exit shall be less than two ( ) feet six ( ) inches wide. emergency exits shall be as remote as possible from the main exits and shall lead to a street, alley or open court, but not to the main auditorium foyer, by means of an outside iron balcony fire escape (specification no. ) or by a stair enclosed in a fireproof shaft. these emergency exits must be kept entirely separate from the main exits but may terminate in the courts or corridor serving as emergency exits from the auditorium provided the width of such courts or corridors is increased to provide ten ( ) inches of width for each one hundred ( ) seats served. fire escape stairs shall not obstruct any of the required emergencv exit width in the court below. requirements as to risers, treads and winders shall be the same as for main exit stairs. building code article xl class "f" buildings. section .—class f building shall be divided into the following sub-classes and shall include the following and shall be constructed of one of the follow- ing types of construction. sub-class f-l: all multiple dwellings for three or more families and all hotels, lodging or rooming houses, dormitories, monasteries, convents, boarding schools, club houses and similar buildings containing more than ten ( ) sleeping rooms. for the purpose of this classification, rooms of more than one hundred sixty ( ) square feet will be regarded as two or more rooms, each eighty ( ) square feet or fraction thereof being considered one ( ) room. if not over two ( ) stories or thirty-five ( ) feet high and not over two thousand ( , ) square feet area, of types , . , or . if not over three ( ) stories or forty-five ( ) feet high, of types , , , or . (see section for special requirements where type is used). if not over five ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet high, of types or . if over five ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet high, of type . sub-class f- : all hospitals, sanitariums and medical institutions pro- viding more than ten ( ) sleeping rooms as defined above. if not over two ( ) stories or thirty-five ( ) feet high, of types , or . if not over five ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet high, of types or . if over five ( ) stories or sixty-five ( ) feet high, of type . sub-class f- : all prisons, reformatories, jails, asylums, and other places of detention for human beings: type in all cases, but mezzanine floors and cell blocks may be unpro- tected steel. section .—mixed occupancy.— for class f occupancy mixed with class a occupancy, see article vi, section . for class f occupancy mixed with class b occupancy, see article vii, section . for class f occupancy mixed with class c occupancy, see article viii, section . for class f occupancy mixed with class d occupancy, see article ix, section . for class f occupancy mixed with class e occupancy, see article x, section . no portion of a class f building shall be considered separately as a class g building. section .—stairs and exits— (a) sub-class f-l and f- .—there shall be two ( ) separate and distinct . exits from c-erv floor, regardless of height of building, and more if necessary to meet the following requirements. building code (a- ) there shall be at least one ( ) stairway for each sixty ( ) rooms above the first floor in all buildings except buildings of types and and one ( ) stairway for each one hundred fifty ( ) rooms above the first floor in buildings of types and but in buildings over seven ( ) stories high only one ( ) stairway for each one hundred fifty ( ) rooms on the six ( ) most densely populated floors will be required. in computing the number of stairs required all sleeping rooms, living rooms and dining rooms shall be included and dormitories shall be calculated as one ( ) room for each eighty ( ) square feet. (a- ) there shall not be more than seventy-five ( ) feet from any room to a stairway measured along corridors in all buildings except buildings of type or construction and not more than one hundred fifty ( ) feet from any room to a stairway measured along corridors in buildings of types and . (a- ) the least distance between the two ( ) most widely separated stairs shall not be less than fifty ( ) percent of the longest dimension of the building. (a- ) in buildings required to be divided into areas by firewalls in section of this article there shall be at least one ( ) stairway in each such section. (a- ) all stairs shall be inside stairs except that in buildings three ( ) stories or less in height one-half {y ) of the stairway may be outside stairs, provided every part of the building has access to at least one ( ) inside stair. (b) sub-class f- —the number and location of exits shall be determined solely by the authorities having charge of such institutions. (c) the width of stairs in buildings not over two ( ) stories high and not over two thousand ( . ) square feet in area shall be at least three ( ) feet and in all other class f buildings the stairs shall be standard widths of three ( ) feet six ( ) inches and over, as given in article v, section . (d) xo stair shall have a riser of more than seven and one-half ( y ) inches or a tread of less than ten ( ) inches. (e) no closet shall be constructed under anv stair. (f) every basement over two thousand ( ) square feet in area shall have at least two ( ) exits, and if used for habitation the number and location of exits shall meet the requirements for stairs from upper floors except in class f- buildings. (g) every one ( ) story building shall have at least two ( ) exits and more if necessary to —eet the requirements as for stairs from upper floors except in sub-class f- buildings. (h) hardware shall be of such a character that all exit doors can be opened from the inside without the use of a key except in class f- buildings. section .—(a) enclosure of vertical openings.—all vertical openings for elevators, stairs and other purposes shall be completelv enclosed as re- quired under tvpe of construction except as noted below. all shaft openings shall be provided with type b self-closing fire doors (see specification no ) and no hardware shall be permitted for holding such doors open. all stair en- closures except in buildings of type or shall have an exit directly into a street, alley or court open to a street or alley, and in tvpe or buildintrs at least one-half (v ) of the stairs shall meet this requirement, but this shall not prohibit an exit leading through a fireproof corridor to a street, allev or court open to a street or alley. building code (b) in buildings not over two ( ) stories high, stair enclosures may be omitted in the first and second floor, but shall be provided in basement in all cases. (c) in buildings not over three ( ) stories high and having not more than two ( ) families or ten ( ) sleeping rooms on any floor above the first the shaft enclosure around one of the stairs may be omitted above the base- ment. (d) in buildings of type or there may be one ( ) monumental stair unenclosed from the first to the second floor, but the stair shaft above the second floor shall be closed at the second floor by a type b fire door so as to prevent smoke rising from the first floor up this shaft. (e) outside stairs permitted in section above need not be enclosed. (f) clothes chutes in buildings not over four ( ) stories high may be of wood, lined with at least united states gauge sheet iron or tinned plate. (g) open wells or rotundas more than two ( ) stories high shall not be permitted, but this shall not prohibit the construction of cell blocks in class f- buildings. (h) in buildings of types or not over three ( ) stories high the walls of light wells starting at the second floor line or above may be of wood covered on the outside with one ( ) inch of metal lath and cement plaster, provided such walls are not continuous with or form any part of the outside walls of the building or any required fire wall in the building. other light wells shall have walls constructed as required for exterior walls. section .—(a) location and exposures.—all class f buildings shall be located as required by the michigan state housing code and the zoning ordinance of the city of ann arbor and all windows nearer to adjacent property lines than is allowed by this law for legal light shall be fire windows. (b) xo wall of any building shall be less than five ( ) feet from the line of any adjacent property or any other building upon the same property unless it is of masonry without opening of any sort. (c) all windows opening into light courts smaller than those allowed by the state housing code and those opening into light courts which are used in common by two or more sections of a building which are required by section below to be divided by fire walls shall be fire windows. (d) on buildings not over two ( ) stories high there may be com- bustible eaves or cornices projecting not more than eighteen ( ) inches into required side yards, but all buildings over two ( ) stories high except buildings of types and , shall have parapet walls at least eighteen ( ) inches high above all walls less than ten ( ) feet from adjacent property lines. (e) no porch or balconv of combustible material shall be constructed nearer than three ( ) feet from any adjacent property line or the end of any required fire wall within the building, and in buildings over two ( ) stories high this distance shall be increased one ( ) foot for each story above the second. (f) class f buildings shall not be located less than ten ( ) feet from any class b building on the same property unless the class b building is of type , or construction. section .—(a) fire areas.—buildines of type shall be divided into areas not exceeding twelve thousand ( ) square feet by fire walls. (b) buildings of tvpe construction shall be divided into areas of not exceeding four thousand ( , ) square feet by fire walls. building code (c) there shall be no openings in such fire walls except corridor openings, which shall be provided with automatically closing swinging fire doors of type a. (see specification no. .) section .—fire appliances.—every building over seventy-five ( ) feet high shall be provided with at least one ( ) standpipe for each ten thousand ( , ) square feet area or fraction thereof, but there shall not be more than one hundred ( ) feet from any part of the building to a standpipe. (see specification no. ). section .—(a) protection of special hazards.—the following apparatus shall be installed and constructed in accordance with the specifications referred to by number after each such piece of apparatus: chimneys and stacks fireplaces warm air furnaces steam and hot water heating plant? steam and hot w?ater heating pipes ovens, etc drying rooms incinerators stoves and gas ranges , & warm air ducts vent flues heating and ventilating ducts gas supply lines gas outlets oil burners other sources of heat and flame (b) inflammable liquids shall not be used or stored in quantities greater than one ( ) pint in class f buildings except that in sub-class f- buildings necessary medical supplies may be stored in vaults complying with the re- quirements of specification no. . paints and varnishes "other than those used for decorating building shall not be stored or used except in fireproof rooms provided with automatic sprinklers. (c) celluloid and nitro-cellulose products, calcium carbide and acetylene shall not be used or stored in class f buildings except that in sub-class f- building films for x-ray or other photographs may be used if all storage in excess of twenty-five ( ) pounds is in accordance with specification no. m. (d) high pressure steam boilers shall not he used in class f buildings, but may be installed in separate building with reducing valves on all steam lines entering the class f building. (e) inflammable motion picture films shall not be used in class f buildings. (f) warm air furnaces may be used in buildings not over two ( ) stories high. _ (g) he^tinsr plants in class f- buildings shall be separate from re- mainder of building by a fire separation. section .—(a) exceptions and deviations.—class f buildings when not of type or construction if over two ( ) stories high shall have all wooden nartitions. walls and ceilings including basement ceiling covered with metal lath and plaster. building code (b) buildings used as club houses, boarding schools, seminaries and similar purposes shall comply with the requirements of this article unless some portion of the building is used for class d purposes, in which case it will be constructed as required in article ix, section (c). section .—existing buildings.—buildings of class f existing at the time this ordinance was adopted may be continued in use if structurally safe, provided with adequate exits and complying with the requirements of section above. the department shall have the power to order such changes as are necessary to provide substantial structural safety and to provide exits to meet the following requirements: every part of every building over two ( ) stories high shall have access to at least two ( ) means of exit, one ( ) of which may be standard fire escape (see specification no. ). all other stairs shall be interior stairs except where outside stairs are permitted in new buildings. all new interior stairs shall comply with the requirements for stairs in new buildings both as to construction and enclosure. also all existing interior stairs in sub-class f-l buildings over three ( ) stories high if not of fireproof construction and similar stairs in sub-class f- buildings over two ( ) stories high if not of fireproof construction shall be inclosed in a partition of wood studs covered on both sides with metal lath and plaster or kalomine or hollow metal par- titions with or without panels of wired glass or of some other material equally fire-resisting. all such enclosures shall be provided with type b self-closing fire doors.(see specification no. ). section .—buildings altered to class f occupancy.—existing buildings of other classes of occupancy may be altered to class f occupancy if struc- turally safe and complying with the requirements of sections , , , , (a) and (f), , . and of this article, but no new part of the building shall be constructed contrary to the provisions of section (b), (c), (d) or (e). article xii. class "g" buildings section .—class g buildings shall include all single or two ( ) family dwellings and all lodging or rooming houses, dormitories, monasteries, con- vents and other similar buildings providing not more than ten ( ) sleeping rooms as defined under class f, also all sheds and outhouses other than garages attached to or pertaining to the above buildings. class g buildings shall be built of one of the following types of con- struction: if not more than two and one-half ( ]/ ) stories high or thirty-five ( ) feet, of any type. tf not more than three ( ) stories high, of types , , or . if over four ( ) stories high, of type or . building code warm air ducts vent flues heating and ventilating ducts gas supply lines gas outlets oil burners i other sources of heat and flame inflammable liquids may be stored and used in quantities not exceeding one ( ) gallon. section .—exceptions and deviations.—xone. section .—existing buildings.—buildings of class g existing at the time this ordinance was adopted may be continued in use if structurally safe and complying with the requirements of section (a) of this article. the department shall have the power to order such changes as are necessary to provide substantial structural safety and in the case of buildings more than two ( ) stories high not complying with requirements of section (a) may order an additional means of exit from any third floor having more than three ( ) sleeping rooms or from the third and upper floors of anv building over three ( ) stories high. such additional means of exit may be a standard fire-escane (see specification no. ) or such other means of exit as the chief inspector may permit. section .—buildings altered to class g occupancy: existing buildings of other classes of occupancy may be altered to class g occupancy if struc- turally safe and complving with the requirements of sections , , , (a) and (d), and of this article, hut no new part of the buildings shall be con- structed in violation of section (h) or (c). article xiii miscellaneous structures section .—open shelter sheds of wood construction not exceeding thirtv ( ) feet in height may be erected outside of fire limits if at least five ( ) feet from adjacent property lines and ten ( ) feet from any other build- ing or open shelter shed on the same property except that such sheds may abut against unpierced masonry walls of buildings on the same property. the area of such sheds shall not exceed the areas allowed for type con- struction in article vi, section . see article iii, section , for limitations of open shelter sheds in fire limits. open shelter sheds of all metal construction may be erected outside of the fire limits subject to the same restrictions as those of wood construction except that the area mav be that given in article vi, section , for type construction. if any side of such shed is enclosed the enclosure shall be of masonry or metal construction. in the fire limits such metal sheds shall he subject to the same limitations as for wood open shelter sheds in article iii, section . building code article xiv section .—every building or other structure hereafter erected, altered, or repaired shall be well and substantially constructed in a sound and workmanlike manner and shall be designed to carry at least the actual dead loads and the minimum live loads required in this section without stressing any of the structural elements beyond the allowable stresses as set forth in article xv to xix inclusive. in addition to ver- tical loads, all buildings and other structures shall be adequately braced against all lateral or horizontal stresses due to wind pressure, operation of machinery, settlement of foundations and all other ordinary conditions. in designing members to support moving bodies, the weight of such bodies shall be multiplied by an impact factor of from one and one-quarter (\ /a) to two ( ), the exact factor to be determined by the chief inspector. section .—the following minimum live loads in pounds per square foot shall be assumed in calculating all floor construction: apartments apartments (places of assembly in) assembly halls (fixed seats) assembly halls (movable seats) attics (not used for habitation or storage) churches (fixed seats) churches (movable seats) dance hails, drill halts, gymnasiums driveways over vaults, tunnels, etc. (see note c) dwellings garages (first floor). (see note b) garages (upper floor) (see note b) grandstands, bleacher stands (see note d) hospitals, asylums, convents, detention buildings. (bed and living room floors). hospitals, asylums, convents, detention buildings. (other floors) hotels and clubs (living room floors) hotels and clubs (first floors, corridors and dining room) manufacturing and mercantile buildings, first floor manufacturing and mercantile buildings, other floors municipal and county buildings, including court houses, libraries museums, corridors and public rooms private office space office buildings, first floors office buildings, other floors roofs (see note a) restaurants schools (fixed seats) schools (movable seats) building code section .—(a)—floor load placards: it shall be the duty of the owner or tenant leasing for one ( ) year or more any warehouse, storage, manufac- turing or mercantile building to post in conspicuous places throughout such buildings placards setting forth the safe live loads for which such buildings with the rollowing legend: "the maximum safe live load on this floor is pounds per square foot. it shall be unlawful to fail to place such placards; to place such placards showing a higher safe load than that allowed by the department of buildings, to remove, cover up, alter or deface such placards. (b) it shall be the duty of the department of buildings to check and approve or show cause for disapproving any calculations as to the safe carrying capacity of any floor construction and in order to so check such calculations it shall be allowed to examine any plans of such building in the possession of the owner or his agent, or may require any portions of the building to be uncovered for inspection, including footings, that it deems necessary. (c) it shall be unlawful for any owner, agent or tenant to advertise or represent any building to have a greater safe load upon the floors than allowed by the building department and when any tenant or sub-tenant can be shown to have suffered damage or serious inconvenience by virtue of such misrepresentation, then the one so misrepresenting the facts shall be deemed to have violated this code. section .—wind loads: the basic unit of wind load to be used in the design of structures governed by this code shall be fifteen ( ) pounds per square foot. every building or other structure except chimneys, signs, roof signs, and billboards shall be designed to resist a horizontal force of one and one- half (ik) times the basic unit wind load. fifty ( ) per cent of this force shall be considered as a pressure on the windward side and fifty ( ) per cent shall be considered as a negative pressure or suction on the leeward side. chimneys, signs, roof signs, and billboards shall be designed to resist a horizontal wind force of twice the basic unit wind load on any exposed surface. in no case shall the overturning moment due to wind load exceed two- thirds (yi) of the moment of stability due to dead load only, unless provision is made for adequate anchorage. cylindrical bodies having a cross section approximately circular shall be assumed to offer to wind directed against the side of the cylinder at least two-thirds ( /s) of the resistance obtained by taking the product of twice the basic unit wind load and the projected area of the cylinder on a vertical plane. roof surfaces, pitched on an angle of sixty ( ) degrees or more to the horizontal, shall be assumed to be loaded normally to their windward surface with ninety ( ) per cent of the basic unit wind load and loaded normally to their leeward surface with a negative pressure or suction of sixty ( ) per cent of the basic unit wind load. if the angle between the roof and the horizontal is less than sixty ( ) degrees, the pressure normal to the surfaces shall be assumed as follows: building code combination of concrete and steel in which the steel shall be completely encased in concrete or upon piles (e) all footings and other projections of foundations of stone, brick or mass concrete shall be designed so that the projection shall not exceed one-half (vz) of the vertical height. such projections as well as all continu- ous footings and foundations constructed of reinforced concrete or steel in concrete shall be designed as steel or concrete beams in accordance with the principles of design given in article xviii and xix. (f) all foundations other than those mentioned in paragraph (a) of this section shall extend at least three ( ) feet six ( ) inches below the adjoining grade and all foundations except piles shall rest upon good firm soil other than black top soil and filled soil. section .—bearing capacity.—the calculated load per square foot upon the soil below foundations shall not exceed the following maximum values: ordinary clay and sand, wet and springy, two ( ) tons per square foot. clay or fine sand, firm and dry, three ( ) tons per square foot. very firm coarse sand, stiff gravel or hard clay, four ( ) tons per square foot. section .—piles.—piles may be of wood or of concrete and may be set by driving or be moulded into place, and they shall be spaced to safely carry the super-imposed load. they shall be driven in accordance with the customs of good engineering practice and the safe bearing capacity shall be calculated with due regard to conditions and in accordance with the best methods used by experienced engineers. the minimum requirements whicli shall be ob- served are as follows: (a) wooden piles of twenty ( ) feet or less in length, shall not be at the smaller end of less dimensions than six ( ) inches, nor at the butt end less than eleven ( ) inches. when more than twenty ( ) feet in length the smaller end shall not be less than six ( ) inches and the butt end not less than twelve ( ) inches. (b) the top of all wooden piles shall be cut off at least two ( ) inches below the average low water line or the line of permanent wet earth when supporting a permanent building. concrete shall be rammed down into the spaces between piles at least ten ( ) inches and for at least twelve ( ) inches outside of every pile, throughly sealing the heads of piles. (c) if pile construction is used under water, and ranging and capping ti nbers are used for foundations, these timbers shall not be less than two ( ) inches thick, properly joined together, and the tops laid at least six ( ) inches below the average low water mark. (d") no wooden pile shall be weighted with a load exceeding fifty thous- and ( . ) pounds; nor to exceed three hundred and fifty ( ) pounds per square inch of the top section of the pile. (e) concrete piles shall be made of a mixture of not less than one ( ) part portland cement, two ( ) parts sand, and four ( ) parts of broken stone or pebbles. (f) concrete piles cast in place shall be cast in forms sufficiently rigid to prevent collapse before the concrete has been set. (g) concrete piles driven in place after casting shall be sufficiently :einforced with steel to prevent damage in driving. every pile broken in driving shall be withdrawn and replaced. no concrete pile shall be loaded to exceed four hundred ( ) pounds per square inch at the top section. building code article xvi masonry walls and masonry and miscellaneous partitions. section .—materials for bearing walls: the materials which may be used in the construction of masonry bearing walls shall be stone, brick, terra cotta, clay, shale tile, mass concrete, reinforced- concrete and concrete blocks or tile, when meeting the following specifications when tested in accordance with the procedure of the american society of testing materials: (a) stone: any good stone with a crushing strength of over six thousand ( , ) pounds per square inch may be used. coursed or uncoursed ashler walls and piers may be of the same thickness required for other masonry walls. rubble stone walls shall be four ( ) inches thicker than required for other masonry walls. (b- ) brick (clay): any good hard common or face brick in which there are not more than five ( ) percent bats. for load bearing or exterior walls, brick shall be at least as good as grade c bricks given herein. for the purpose of this code, brick shall be classified as follows, all strengths being expressed in pounds per square inch: minimum minimum modulus of average strength average rupture of crushing of any modulus any one grade strength one sample of rupture sample a . or over . or over b . or over . or over c . or over . or over in testing brick, five representative samples shall be selected by the department and each broken in cross bending to determine the modulus of rupture. one-half of each sample shall then be bedded in plaster and tested flatwise. all brick of a grade equal to c or better shall be assumed for purposes of computations to he of grade c unless tests are made at expense of con- tractor or other suitable evidence furnished to the department to prove that such brick is of a better grade. (b- ) brick (sand lime):. any good grade of sand lime brick meeting tl e requirements of paragraph b- for grade c clay bricks sand lime brick meeting the requirements of grade a or b brick may be allowed the stresses permitted for clav brick for these grades under the same terms and conditions as required for clav brick. (b- ) brick (concrete): any good fjrade of concrete brick meeting the requirements of paragraph b- for grade c clay brick, as to crushing strength and modulus or rupture and having an average absorption in five ( ) hours of not over ten ( ) per cent by weight of cold water and in no individual case of more than twelve ( ) per cent. all tests shall be made upon brick twenty-eight ( ) days old or when delivered to the job if less than twenty- ei rht ( ) days old. all such units shall be manufactured by a licensed manufacturer as required in section . concrete brick meeting the requirements of grade a or b brick may be allowed the stresses permitted for clay brick of these grades under the same terms and conditions as required for clay brick. building code (c) terra cotta, clay or shale tile: shall be any products formed by burning clay or shale to make a block containing cells or voids. the average crushing strength when tested with the cells vertical shall be not less than lourteen hundred ( , ) pounds per square inch of gross sectional area and no individual sample shall test less than one thousand ( , ) pounds per square inch. the average crushing strength when tested with the cells hori- zontal shall not be less than seven hundred ( ) pounds per square inch of gross sectional area and no individual sample shall test less than five hundred ( ) pounds per square inch. for tile exposed to the weather the average absorption ill five hours shall not exceed sixteen per cent by weight of cold water and no individual sample shall exceed nineteen ( ) per cent. for tile used only in interior walls and in walls having at least one course of solid brick outside facing the average absorption may be twenty-one ( ) per cent with no one sample exceeding twenty-four ( ) per cent. whenever structural clay tile units are required to have any specified number of cells in the thickness of the wall, the number of cells shall be taken as one less than the number of load bearing webs parallel to the face of wall. when double shells are provided, these shall count as two webs. when tile is bonded to a course of brick, the brick shall be counted as equal to two webs. units used in end construction shall have their webs so aligned as to have an effective mortar bed having an area of not less than one-third (j ) of the gross area of the wall. when tile is used in end construction,, all vertical voids shall be completely firestopped with at least two ( ) inches of mortar or other incombustible material at one place in each story height. they may be used in interior and exterior bearing walls and curtain walls of b ildings two ( ) stories or less in height, also in panel walls of all type buildings when complying with the requirements given in article iv. (d) concrete: mass concrete shall be equivalent to a two thousand ( , ) pound concrete as specified in article xix. plain mass concrete wall may be erected of the same thickness as required in section and shall be allowed the stresses permitted for solid brick walls with portland cement mortar. reinforced concrete shall meet the requirements of article xix. (e) concrete blocks or tile shall be any product formed from portland ce nent concrete having voids or cells therein which is suitable for bearing wall construction. all such units shall be manufactured by a licensed man- ufacturer .as required in section . the aggregate shall be sand and gravel or hard burned cinders free from soft ash and containing not more than twenty ( ) percent by weight of combustible. cinders shall be free from any substance vvhicb will slack or soften when moistened or weathered or any ma- terial which will attack and weaken the cement. also any other hard, durable, incombustible mineral matter of adequate strength may be used provided it does not alter its character or lose its strength when wet and exposed to we'ther. the average crushing strength at twenty-eight ( ) days or when delivered to the job shall not be less than seven hundred ( ) pounds per -quare inch of gross sectional area and no individual sample shall test less t' an five hundred ( ) pounds per square inch. tests shall be made with the block or tile placed as actually used in wall. the average absorption of cold water in five ( ) hours shall not exceed twelve ( ) per cent by weight ?nd no individual sample shall exceed fifteen ( ) per cent by weight except that in the case of blocks or tile weighing less than one hundred twenty-five building code ( ) pounds per cubic foot the average absorption of water in per cent by weight shall not be more than fifteen hundred ( , ) divided by the weight of the material per cubic foot and no individual sample shall exceed this value by more than twenty-five ( ) per cent of the allowable average value. units used in end construction shall have their webs so aligned as to have an effective mortar bed having an area of not less than one-third (j/s) of the gross area of the wall. if the effective mortar bed at corners is not at least equal to this requirement, solid units shall be introduced in alternate courses or special corner blocks shall be provided to produce the required mortar bed area. they may be used in curtain and bearing walls of buildings two ( ) stories or less in height, in foundations as defined in article xv, section , and in panel walls of all type buildings when complying with the require- ments given in article iv. (f) hollow walls of brick, concrete or terra cotta may be constructed when provided with such cross ties of brick, concrete or terra cotta either with or without metal reinforcement as are required to cause the wall to resist pressure as a whole. when cross ties are not reinforced with metal the area of such ties shall be equal to at least fifteen ( ) per cent of the area of the wall. metal cross ties not imbedded in concrete or other protecting material shall not be accepted. such walls shall have a gross crushing strength of seven hundred ( ) pounds per square inch of gross section and the merits of such construction shall be determined in case of dispute by actual test. such hollow wall construction may be used in walls not exceeding two ( ) stories in height. (g) new materials: structural glass and structural materials not specified herein may be approved and accepted by the department for use provided complete and thorough tests shall have been made which prove the material in question to be equivalent to comparable materials specified in this code in strength, durability, practicability of construction, and fire and weather resistive qualities. glass and other veneers may be used on masonry buildings for a height of not over one story or twelve ( ) feet above the sidewalk if approved by the building department. section .—mortar: ah masonry shall be well laid in mortar of a composition as given herein. all mortars shall be made of lime. portland cement, natural cement or prepared mortar cement or a mixture of these with sand. all mortar materials shall meet the requirements as given herein and when tested the tests will be made in accordance with the current methods of the american society for testing materials. (a) lime; shall meet the current specifications for quick lime and/or hydrated lime by the american society for testing materials. (b) portland cement shall conform to the current "standard specifica- tions ard tests for portland cement" by the american society for testing materials. (c) natural cement and prepared mortar cements shall be tested by making two ( ) inch cubes of norma! consistency with one ( ) part cement ;ind three ( ) parts standard sand and testing at seven ( ) and twenty-eight ( ) days. the compressive stress at seven ( ) days shall not be less than three hundred ( * pounds per square inch and at twenty-eight ( ) days of four hundred ( ) pounds per square inch but in no case shall the material be approved if the twentv-eight ( ) dav test is less than the seven ( ) day test. further than this, these cements shall conform to the current "standard building code section .— (a) in building up new walls, to provide proper bonding, straight or toothed joints in any vertical section of such walls shall be prohibited. all masonry shall be racked back at least scaffold height at an angle of thirty ( ) degrees to the vertical. (b) walls supporting wood joists shall be tied to such joists by steel straps at least one-eighth (ms) by one and one-half ( j ) inches, spaced not over six ( ) feet on centers. beam, girders and trusses shall be tied to walls or piers supporting them with similar steel straps. (c) hollow walls and walls built of hollow concrete or terra cotta blocks or tile shall be made solid for at least two ( ) inches under all joists and built solid under all beam, girder or truss bearings for an adequate distance to safely distribute the load. (d) the exposed top of all parapet and other walls shall be finished with stone, concrete, terra cotta or approved metal coping. (e) joist and beam bearing. wood or steel joists and lintels shall have a bearing of not less than four ( ) inches on masonry walls. beams and girders shall have a bearing of at least six ( ) inches and trusses of at least eight ( ) inches. in all cases the bearing shall be sufficient to distribute the stress so that no concentrated bearing stress shall exceed the values permitted in section . when necessary to properly distribute loads, steel bearing plate or grillages shall be provided and accurately bedded in a level position with portland cement mortar. section .—(a) thickness of walls.—no masonry exterior or interior bearing wall, exterior non-bearing wall, firewall or parapet wall shall be less than twelve ( ) inches thick unless specifically excepted herein and all such walls shall be increased in thickness when necessary according to the following rules: (b) in class f and g buildings the uppermost three ( ) stores may be twelve ( ) inches thick and shall be increased by four ( ) inches for every three ( ) stories or fraction below this, the basement being counted as a story. (c) in class a, b, c. d and e buildings the upper two ( ) stories may be twelve ( ) inches thick and shall be increased by four ( ) inches for every two ( ) stories or fraction below this, the basement being counted as a story. (d) every wall over one hundred five ( ) feet long without a cross wall shall be increased four ( ) inches in thickness or provided with pilasters four ( ) inches thick and having a width of at least one-tenth ( / ) of their center to center spacing. (e) no masonry wall shall have a height between horizontal lateral supports of more than twenty-two ( ) times its thickness. (f) every wall having more than fifty ( o) per cent of openings of any horizontal section shall be increased four ( ) inches in thickness except for spandrels and aprons. (g) eight-inch masonry walls may be used in the following: . basement walls for class f and g buildings of frame but not of brick- veneer construction. such walls shall not extend below grade more than five ( ) feet. all such basement walls over twenty ( ) feet long shall have building code pilasters on the inside built integral with the wall which shall increase the wall thickness by at least four ( ) inches and have a width of at least one- tenth ( - ) of the intervening spaces with a minimum of sixteen ( ) inches. brick veneer buildings shall have foundation walls as speciiied in article xv, section . . foundation walls of class a, b. c and d buildings of frame construc- tion without basements but such walls shall not extend more than three ( ) feet above grade. . interior bearing walls not over one ( ) story or fourteen ( ) feet high and not over sixty ( ) feet long in any class of building. . interior bearing walls in class f and g buildings not over two ( ) stories or twenty ( ) feet high and not over thirty-live (oo) feet long. . interior bearing walls surrounding stair or other shafts in class f and g buildings not over three ( ) stones or thirty ( ) feet high and not over twenty ( ) feet long. . exterior bearing walls above grade of one ( ) story buildings of any class if not over fourteen ( ) feet nigh, walls over thirty ( j teet long shall have pilasters four ( ) inches deep and have a width of at least one- tenth ( - ) of the intervening spaces. . exterior bearing and non-bearing walls above grade in class g build- ings, if not over two (z) stories or twenty (zu) feet high and not over lorty ( ) feet long. an additional rive ( ) feet of height may be added for gauies. . exterior non-bearing or curtain walls above grade in buildings of any class, when of types , or construction, supported from fioor to noor on a skeleton frame of steel or concrete, if not over fourteen ( ) feet high or thirty ( ) feet long. . parapet walls not over four ( ) feet high, when laid in cement mortar. (h) curved walls shall be made as much thicker than the above re- quirements as is judged necessary by the department. section .—piers.—masonry piers shall not have a free standing height of greater than twelve ( ) times their least dimension. any facing of stone. terra cotta, face brick or other materials not fully bonded with masonry headers shall not be considered as a part of the pier. all piers shall be loaded within the center third and piers carrying two or more loads shill be provided with a cap stone or steel bearing plate. section .—lining existing walls.—in case it is desired to increase the height of existing walls which are less in thickness than required under this code, the same shall be done by a lining of masonry to form a combined thickness with the old wall of not less than four ( ) inches more than the thickness required for a new wall under this code. the new lining shall be supported on proper foundations. (a) no lining shall be less than eight ( ) inches in thickness, and shall be bonded to the old wall with iron or steel anchors at least one-quarter ( la) of a square inch in area, snaced not over eighteen ( ) inches apart. vertically and horizontally, and properly fastened or driven into the old wall in staggered rows: the old wall being first cleaned of all platter and other coating. buildixg code section .— (a) in building up new walls, to provide proper bonding, straight or toothed joints in any vertical section of such walls shall be prohibited. all masonry shall be racked back at least scaffold height at an angle of thirty ( ) degrees to the vertical. (b) walls supporting wood joists shall be tied to such joists by steel straps at least one-eighth (yt) by one and one-half (\yi) inches, spaced not over six ( ) feet on centers. beam, girders and trusses shall be tied to walls or piers supporting them with similar steel straps. (c) hollow walls and walls built of hollow concrete or terra cotta blocks or tile shall be made solid for at least two ( ) inches under all joists and built solid under all beam, girder or truss bearings for an adequate distance to safely distribute the load. (d) the exposed top of all parapet and other walls shall be finished with stone, concrete, terra cotta or approved metal coping. (e) joist and beam bearing. wood or steel joists and lintels shall have a bearing of not less than four ( ) inches on masonry walls. beams and girders shall have a bearing of at least six ( ) inches and trusses of at least eight ( ) inches. in all cases the bearing shall be sufficient to distribute the stress so that no concentrated bearing stress shall exceed the values permitted in section . when necessary to properly distribute loads, steel bearing plate or grillages shall be provided and accurately bedded in a level position with portland cement mortar. section .—(a) thickness of walls.—no masonry exterior or interior bearing wall, exterior non-bearing wall, firewall or parapet wall shall be less than twelve ( ) inches thick unless specifically excepted herein and all such walls shall be increased in thickness when necessary according to the following rules: (b) in class f and g buildings the uppermost three ( ) stores may be twelve ( ) inches thick and shall be increased by four ( ) inches for every three ( ) stories or fraction below this, the basement being counted as a story. (c) in class a, b, c. d and e buildings the upper two ( ) stories may he twelve ( ) inches thick and shall be increased by four ( ) inches for every two ( ) stories or fraction below this, the basement being counted as a story. (d) every wall over one hundred five ( ) feet long without a cross wall shall be increased four ( ) inches in thickness or provided with pilasters four ( ) inches thick and having a width of at least one-tenth ( / ) of their center to center spacing. (e) no masonry wall shall have a height between horizontal lateral supports of more than twenty-two ( ) times its thickness. (f) every wall having more than fifty ( o) per cent of openings of any horizontal section shall be increased four ( ) inches in thickness except for spandrels and aprons. (g) eight-inch masonry walls mav be used in the following: . basement walls for class f and g buildings of frame but not of brick veneer construction. such walls shall not extend below grade more than five ( ) feet. all such basement walls over twenty ( ) feet long shall have building code the department shall have the power to demand that a test be made at the expense of the manufacturer of the concrete blocks on each and every job when such blocks do not carry a distinctive brand mark identifying the manufacturer, notwithstanding that a license may have been issued to such maker. to be considered as an identifying mark, such marks must be re- corded with the department at the time application is made for license. section .—(a) block partitions.—incombustible non-bearing interior partitions may he built of brick, terra cotta tile, gypsum blocks, concrete blocks, or tile or other similar material approved for this use by the depart- ment. such blocks shall be strong enough for the purpose for which they are to be used" but need not meet the requirements of article xvi, section . the height of such partitions shall not exceed forty ( ) times the thickness. (b) miscellaneous partitions.—incombustible non-bearing partitions may also be constructed of a combination of metal lath and plaster on metal studs not less than two ( ) inches thick or a combination of sheets of gypsum hoard containing not more than six ( ) per cent fibre, or similar material approved by the department, supported by metal studs and having a thickness of not less than two ( ) inches. article xvii wood section .—all wood used in structural members shall be good sound material free from large or loose knots, cross-graining or other important defects. the carrying capacity of all members shall be calculated by the accepted principles of mechanics and shall be based upon the actual dimen- sions of the timbers used and not upon nominal sizes. section .—unit stresses.—the allowable unit stresses on various kinds of wood shall be those recommended by the forest products laboratory, u. s. forest service for material complying with structural grades of the american society for testing materials. the allowable unit stresses are given for three conditions of exposure during use: fa) continuously dry. this contemplates use in interior or protected construction not subject to conditions of excessive dampness or high humidity. (b) occa.monally wet. occasionally wet but quickly dried assumes use in such exterior structures as bridges, trestles, and exposed framework of open sheds. fc) usually wet. this would apply to material exposed to waves or in contact with earth, or used in portions of structures that would be more or less continuously wet. see table . table. compression МАХ. to grain species axial tension also bending in extreme fiber perpendicular horizontal shear cont. dry occasionally wet usually wet slllct or al conditions common gradeb or exposure modulus of elasticity in & thinner sin & thicker in & thinner sin. & thicker select common select common select common select common select commord cont dry occasion ally wet usually wet select cortmore cedar : western red : northern & southern while : port orford : alaska comsel coms.com cypress : southern douglas fir: coast region .: dense . . : rocky mountain region fir : balsam : goldan, noble, silver, white - o , . , – | | boo , , — — — | | , , | , . . | loo . . . . . - - . - , , . | . — o . | . | l - - , — | , . . . , | - . - - - joo , , . - , . . bogooo . , , poo , . , . . t - doc poo'oc hemlock : west coast | : eustern - larch: western pine : southern : southern dense california, idaho and northern white pondosa and sugar. : norway redwood: sprucl : red, white, silka . : englemann tamarack: eastern sa . note: for stresses in compression parallel to groin see table lumns and compression members compression parallel to grain (pounds per square inch) exposure select structural grades common structural grades species ratio of length to least dimension () ratio of length to least dimensions) : or less or less Блок Фи cedar: western red douglas fir: coast region . , , | / dense , . , , , rocky mountain region | hemlock west coast larch: western . oo pine: southern southern dense , | | , . | redwood: . | ospruce: red, white. sitko cedar: western red douglas fir: coost region , dense . , , rocky mountain region | hemlock: west coast larch: western o pine: southern . , southern dense redwood: spruce: rea, white, sitka cedar: western red douglas fir: coast region dense rocky mountain region hemlock: west coast boo larch: western pine: southern southern dense redwood: oo | spruce: red, white, sitka note for modulus of elasticity see table occasionally wet continuously dry usually wet r . '. building code bear- com- rivet ing pres- double single shear sion shear shear , , , , , , , , , , , , r" article xviii structural steel, iron and cast iron section . all steel, iron and cast iron used for structural members shall meet the current standard specifications of the american society for testing materials. all such materials shall be fabricated and erected in accordance with the best practices. section . allowable stresses: allowable unit stresses shall be as fol- lows in pounds per square inch: extreme fibre stress in material bending steel , wrought iron , cast steel , cast iron: tension , compression . , , , .-,-.- power-driven and turn bolts , , .-,„. , , hand-driven rivets and unfinished bolts , , , , section .—design.—all steel-framed structures shall be designed as tar as possible to have the lines of stresses coincide with the line of center of mass of the rolled or built-up sections, whether in tension or compression. when eccentric loading is unavoidable the stresses resulting from such eccen- tricity shall be added to the other stresses in computing the safe load which may be resisted. (a) rivets shall be used for all shop work, and for field work where practicable. where bolts are used in the field, care shall be taken to have all the bolts in any joint in bearing at the same time. unfinished bolts shall be used only in connecting purlins and secondary members. (b) in the design of structural steel framing, for buildings or other structures in which the steel must be encased and fireproofed, ample clearances must be allowed for the full specified thickness of fireproof covering or fire- proof masonry enclosure on all steel members and over all connection or other projections on same. piping, conduits and similar objects shall not be installed so as to interfere with fireproofing. brackets for the support of mains, risers, elevator guides and similar appliances, and connections for stairway framing, metal window and door frames, or other attachments to be supported by the steel framing, shall be provided for and attached to the steel frame before the fireproofing is in- stalled. (c) where the floor or roof construction consists of brick, hollow tile or concrete arches, or other systems not providing reinforcement to resist all thrust and tensile stress and rigidly tie together the beams supporting same, tie rods of the required area to resist these stresses shall be installed. building code section .— (a) trusses, beams, and girders.— the safe bending moment of beams and girders shall be determined by multiplying the section modulus by the allowable extreme fibre stress. in the case of built-up girders, the net section modulus shall be used after deducting all rivet and other holes. (a- ) when the laterally unsupported length "l" of the top chord of any beam, girder, or truss exceeds fifteen ( ) times the width "b"' of the compression flange, the stress in pounds per square inch in the latter shall not exceed: , l !+- , b both l and b being measured in the same units. the laterally un- supported length of a compression chord shall not exceed forty ( ) times "b" in any case. (a- ) the maximum allowable average shear on the webs of rolled beams and plate girders, when properly stiffened with intermediate stiff- ening angles, shall not exceed . pounds per square inch of gross area. the depth of a plate girder web "h" measured between flange angles, shall never exceed times "t", the thickness of web plate, and when "h" is equal to or less than t, no intermediate web stiffeners are required. when "h" is greater than t but less than t, and intermediate stiffeners are not used, the maximum allowable average shear on the web must be re- duced to the value given by the formula. v = v = , pounds per square inch. ~a h tz if h exceeds t but does exceed t intermediate web stiffeners must be used in all cases that the shearing stress exceeds the value permitted by this formula. (a- ) intermediate web stiffeners, when required, shall be spaced at distances in inches between centers, not greater than t i .ooo a — t / . a v v and not exceeding feet, where a is the gross area of the web in square inches v is the total shear in pounds, and t is the web thickness in inches. inter- mediate stiffeners shall consist of pairs of angles, with outstanding legs not less than h + inches and may be crimped over flange angles or be placed on fillers. webb stiffeners at the ends and under load concentrations shall be provided for all beams and plate girders whenever h is greater than t f ^ cta^ir~ v building code such stiffeners shall be designed as columns to carry the total end shear, or load concentrations where they occur, at a unit stress of not exceeding , pounds per square inch, including in the column area a portion of web not wider than the stiffener plus t on each side of the stiffening angles. these stiffening angles shall be placed on fillers of same thickness as flange angles of plate girders and shall have outstanding legs extending as nearly as possible to the edge of the flange angles. all stiffening angles shall have a close bearing against the flange angles, especially those at the ends or under concentrated loads. the rivet pitch in stiffeners shall not exceed inches. (b) all steel trusses shall be fabricated in a shop so far as possible. only the necessary connections and splices will be made in the field. (b- ) all trusses shall be thoroughly and carefully braced vertically with a complete system of steel or concrete struts and steel tie rods at the center and when necessary near supports to prevent overturn and similarly braced horizontally in the plane of the top chord to prevent lateral deflection. the unsupported length of the top chord considered as a strut shall be measured between points of suport by lateral bracing, but steel, concrete or wood purlins adequately fastened to top chord of trusses may be assumed as lateral supporters if at least one ( ) out of every five ( ) bays is provided with sway bracing. (b- ) details of design and construction not covered by this code shall be in accordance with the standard specification of the american in- stitute of steel construction dated july, , , or the latest revision thereof. section .—rivets-bolts.—in all riveted work the holes shall be not more than one-sixteenth ( / ) inch larger than the diameter of the rivet to be used. (a) holes shall accurately placed opposite each other and no drifting to distort the metal shall be allowed. when such holes do not match they shall be enlarged by reaming and larger rivets used. (b) rivets, where driven, shall completely fill the holes and have heads in full contact with the surface. (c) rivet heads shall be of true hemispherical shape and concentric with the axis of the rivet. (d) no cold driven rivets shall be used in structural work. (e) turned bolts shall have full bearing against steel entirely on the unthreaded portion. (f) bolt holes for turned bolts shall be carefully reamed to take the bolts snugly when lightly driven into place. (g) all turned bolts shall be provided with washers and nuts. all nuts to be sent to a solid bearing without using sufficient force to damage bolt. (h) unfinished bolts shall fit as snugly as practical and shall be long enough to penetrate the members to be connected at one standard nut. section .—painting.—all steel and iron work shall have at least one ( ) coat of mineral paint before being put in the building and one ( ) coat after erection, except such material as shall be completely covered and imbedded in concrete. building code section .—erection.—in the erection of steel work the various members shall be kept plumb and true and firmly held with temporary bracing until riveted and enclosed. (a) planking.—in erecting steel frame buildings of four ( ) stories and over in height, planking shall be provided by contractors over the entire moor area at points directly under where erection work is being carried on as required by section of article xxi. (b) enclosures required.—enclosures shall be erected around all steel frame buildings in process of erection sufficient for the protection of the public as required by sections and of article xxi. (c) equipment protection.—all engines, compressors and other appa- ratus used in the erection of buildings shall be protected from the public to the satisfaction of the department. (d) hoisting of men prohibited.—hoisting men from the ground by derricks on steel or other material shall not be allowed. (e) acetylene blow torches or other sources of great heat shall not be used for cutting or punching steel work during erection and no such torch or apparatus shall be kept on or near the job without the written per- mission of the chief inspector, who may refuse or revoke such permission whenever he finds such instruments being improperly used. section .— welding.— welding by the fusion method or by electric resistance methods may be used in erecting the metallic structural members of buildings or in shop assembly of parts when done in accordance with the provisions of this section. (a) fusion welding shall include both electric arc and acetylene welding. all such welding shall be done in accordance with the rulings of the depart- ment of buildings and in the absence of such rulings in accordance with the code for fusion welding in building construction of the american welding society designated as code , part a, edition of , or latest revisipn thereof. the permissible unit stresses in fusion welds shall be in pounds per square inch on section through throat of weld: shear , tension , compression , maximum fibre stresses due to bending shall not exceed the values given above for tension and compression respectively. in designing welded joints subject to eccentricity the stresses due to eccentricity shall be added to the primary stresses in determining the total stress. (b) electrical resistance welding may be used either as a method of shop assembly or as a method of connecting members in the erection of buildings. all resistance welding shall be performed by properly designed machines. the adequacy of the design and adjustment of such machines shall be determined by testing to destruction samples of welds made with such machines when adjusted for actual working conditions. all resistance welding machines used for welds which must withstand structural stresses must be constructed so as to automatically control amount of current, amount of pressure, and time of current flow but the department of buildings may per- mit the use of machines in which the time of current flow is not automatically determined if it is satisfied that the nature of the weld and the skill of the building code the owner of any building or other structure any part of which projects into or encroaches upon any public property shall re.nove at once any part or all of such encroaching portion of his building or other structure upon being ordered to do so by the common council, and the city of ann arbor shall not be liable for any damages resulting to the property owner by reason of such an order. section .—footings or foundations may extend into street or alley lines not to exceed three ( ) feet when wholly below the level of the ground provided such footings or foundations do not interfere with or damage any sewers, pipes or conduits of the city of ann arbor or any public service corporation. section .—base course of buildings above the sidewalk shall not pro- ject beyond the street line. wheel guards may extend into alley not more than eight ( ) inches but such guards shall be of metal or concrete and not over twenty ( ) inches high. pilasters of masonry at entrance of buildings may project into streets not more than four ( ) inches. window sills and cornices over windows, if of masonry, may project into streets or alleys not to exceed four ( ) inches. section .— cornices and eaves (including gutters) of buildings of classes f and g of combustible material may project from buildings not more than eighteen ( ) inches. such cornices must be at least twelve ( ) feet above the ground level and not more than twenty-five ( ) feet, and the projection shall not exceed one ( ) inch for each foot above the ground level. all'cornices and eaves on buildings of other classes or on-buildings of classes f and g when more than twenty-five feet above the ground level or projecting more than eighteen ( ) inches shall be constructed of incombustible material. no cornice or eave shall project into any street or alley at a less height than fourteen ( ) feet above the ground level. no cornice or eave shall project into any public property more than one ( ) inch for each foot that such projection is located above the ground level, and in no case shall this projection exceed eighteen ( ) inches. section .—bays and orioles shall not be projected into public property. section .— balconies and stairs.— no porch balcony or-stairs shall project into public property except balconies and stairs of open latticed metal construction for fire escapes when constructed as specified in specifi- cation no. . the latter may project not more than four ( ) feet, but no such fire escapes shall be constructed unless the chief inspector deems such a fire escape necessary for the safety of the occupants of the building. the lowest part of such projection shall not be less than twelve ( ) feet above the sidewalk or fourteen ( ) feet above the alley grade. building code shall be at least two ( ) feet clear of the top of the boiler, and if less than three ( ) feet the ceiling shall be protected with a double metal shield or one ( ) inch of metal lath and plaster or equivalent material extending at least four ( ) feet beyond the furnace on all sides. no combustible partitions or other material shall be placed within four ( ) feet of the sides or seven ( ) feet of the front of such furnace. all such heating plants shall be connected by a smoke pipe to a chim- ney as required in specification numbered and . specification .— boilers.— large boilers for power or other pur- poses or for generating high pressure steam shall be so located that no combustible ceiling or partition or other combustible material shall be less than ten ( ) feet from the top or sides or twenty ( ) feet from the front of such apparatus, all ceilings and partitions less than ten ( ) feet from the top or sides or less than twenty ( ) feet from the front shall be fireproof or protected with at least four ( ) inches of concrete, brick or similar incombustible material and shall be well ventilated to pre- vent the temperature rising above degrees fahrenheit. steel, cast iron or concrete columns adjacent to such boilers shall not be in direct contact with furnace settings, but there shall be an open and unobstructed space at least four ( ) inches wide for ventilation. specification .—large ovens, coffee roasters and similar appliances.— large ovens, coffee roasters and similar appliances in which fires are main- tained shall have the same clearance and protection required for steam plants for over fifteen ( ) pounds pressure, except that the department may permit such appliances to be set upon wood floors when protected below by a one- eighth (,'/%) inch steel plate turned up one ( ) inch at edge and filled with four ( ) inches of hollow tile or hollow brick. such floor protection shall extend two ( ) feet on each side and four ( ) feet in front of such appliances. all such installations shall be connected by means of a smoke pipe into a chimney as required in specifications numbered and . specification .—drying rooms.—drying rooms for use at temperatures of one hundred twenty-five ( ) degrees fahrenheit or less may be of wood, but when designed to be used for temperatures above one hundred twenty-five degrees fahrenheit they shall be of metal, masonry or other incombustible material and shall be insulated from all wood other combustible materials by four ( ) inches of masonry or by a four ( ) inch air space and an asbestos or metal shield. specification .—kilns.—kilns and similar apparatus for use at temp- eratures of one hundred twenty-five ( ) degrees fahrenheit and over shall be constructed of masonry, concrete or metal, and all wood and other com- bustible material shall be so protected and ventilated that the temperatures thereof cannot rise above one hundred twenty-five ( ) degrees fahren- heit under maximum working conditions. specification .—incinerators for garbage and other materials shall be supported on masonry and shall be protected from all wood or other com- bustible materials by eight ( ) inches of masonry or by four ( ) inches of masonry and a terra cotta or cast iron lining and shall be provided with a flue constructed as required for furnace chimneys in specification no. building code specification .—stoves.—all stoves for heating, cooking or laundry purposes using solid or liquid fuel when resting on wood floors shall be securely supported at least six ( ) inches above such wood floors by metal supports and there shall be a metal and asbestos pad at least three-eighths (y%) inch thick below such stove extending at least six ( ) inches on each side and at least twelve ( ) inches in front of such stove. such stoves shall not be placed nearer than six ( ) inches to any wood partition or other com- bustible material, and if placed nearer than twelve ( ) inches such wood or other combustible material shall be protected with a metal or asbestos shield. there shall be at least three ( ) feet clearance between such stoves and any wood or other combustible material above. all such installations shall be connected by a smoke pipe to a chimney meeting the requirements of speci- fications and . specification .—gas ranges, domestic hot water heaters and hot plates.—gas ranges, domestic hot water heaters and hot plates shall be supported at least six ( ) inches above any wood floor or other combustible material. where such stoves or hot plates are not provided with a shield below the burners, the wood or other combustible material on which they rest shall be protected with a double metal shield with one ( ) inch air space between or with a one-quarter (!^) inch pad of metal and asbestos or equivalent. such ranges and hot plates shall not be nearer than three ( ) inches to any wood partition or other combustible material and if less than six ( ) inches the wood or the com- bustible material shall be protected with sheet metal or asbestos. wood ceilings or other combustible material shall be at least three ( ) feet above such installations. specification .—gas ranges for restaurants or hotels shall be support- ed at least six ( ) inches above any wood floor, and if less than twelve ( ) inches above the floor the wood shall be protected by a metal shield, or such ranges may rest on a steel and terra cotta support as called for under "large ovens,'' specification no. . such ranges shall not be placed nearer to any wood partitions or other combustibles than six ( ) inches, and if nearer than twelve ( ) inches such partitions shall be protected with a metal or asbestos shield. the distance from any such range to any wood ceiling or other combustible material above shall not be less than twelve ( ) inches, and if less than three ( ) feet the ceiling or combustible material above shall be protected with a double metal shield with one ( ) inch air space between or with one ( ) inch of metal lath and portland cement plaster or one ( ) inch of asbestos. hood and ventilating flues from such ranges may be of sheet metal or masonry, and if of sheet metal shall be protected from all wood or other combustible materials by four ( ) inches of concrete, gypsum or terra cotta tile or an eight ( ) inch air space and a metal shield. such ven- tilating flues shall not be carried through wood floors or uo combustible partitions unless protected with at least four ( ) inches of masonry or concrete. specification .— oil burners in stoves, furnaces, etc., and fuel oil storage: stoves, furnaces, and other heating or power apparatus in which oil burners are installed shall be constructed and erected as re- quired for similar apparatus using solid fuel. in addition the following re- strictions shall be observed: building code oil burners burning gasoline or other inflammable liquid having a flash point in an open cup tester of less than one hundred thirty ( ) degrees fahrenheit shall not be provided with tanks of more than one ( ) gallon capacity. oil burners burning kerosene or other inflammable liquid having a flash point of over one hundred thirty ( ) degrees fahrenheit shall conform to act no. of the public acts of of the state of michigan and/or as amended from time to time. specification .—other sources of heat and flame not specifically men- tioned herein shall be so constructed and so protected as to prevent heating any wood or other combustible material used in the construction of floors, ceilings, partitions or other parts of the buildings to a temperature of over one hundred twenty-five ( ) degrees fahrenheit when is full operation, and shall be so constructed as not to be liable to undue corrosion or deterioration and not subject to accidental overturn or other derangement conducive to dangerous conditions. specification .—warm air ducts or pipes for warm air furnaces for houses not over three ( ) stories high shall be not less than u. s. galvanized iron: provided that pipes twelve inches or more in diam- eter shall not be made of material lighter than no. u. s. galvanized iron, wall stacks may be single thickness, but all pipes shall be properly and securely supported. no nails shall be driven through stacks or pipes or fittings at any point. all pipe and duct sections shall be securely joined together by locked or lapped and soldered seams but no pipes which depend wholly on soldered joints shall be used. all register boxes may be double-walled metal boxes with five-sixteenths ( / ) of an inch between the inner and outer wall, or register faces may be placed directly at duct outlets providing such register faces and ducts are provided with proper flanges so that no leakage of heated air occurs around the outside. great care must be taken by workmen in installing duct work, and it shall be considered a mis- demeanor for any workman to cut any plate, joist, beam or studding that will materially weaken the structure. all such cases should be brought to the attention of the building inspector for his approval. specification .—vent flues and ducts of any kind shall not pass through interior fire walls unless unavoidable and allowed by the building inspector. when ducts pass through interior fire walls, they shall be provided with approved automatic fire doors or shutters, on both sides of the walls, and in no case shall such vents be terminated in any attic space. no vent flues for stoves, water heaters, gas stoves, or for ventilation shall be used except with the approval of the building inspector. such vents when used shall be of sheet metal, crock or terra cotta. such vents when of metal shall not come in contact with wood, but shall be separated therefrom by a one-half (vz) inch space or by one-quarter (l/i) inch of asbestos c- similar matrrirl. all such vents shall have tight locked joints without solder and shall be carried to the outside of the building. specification .—forced air heating and ventilating systems: (a) ducts of blower or exhaust systems shall be constructed of fire- resistive or non-combustible materials of amnle strength and thick- ness to meet the conditions of the service for which they are used and the conditions under which they are installed. ducts shall be tight throughout building code and no openings shall be permitted except those necessary to perform the required functions of the system. ducts shall be thoroughly braced where required and unless built within masonry work shall be substantially support- ed by metal hangers, brackets, or their equivalent. (see specification no. .) no room, hallway, attic, void hollow, or concealed space, nor other part of a building shall be used as part of a blower or exhaust system unless it is an integral part thereof and used for no other purpose, and is constructed of or adequately protected by fire-resistive materials. (b) fans shall be installed on proper foundations or otherwise firmly secured to substantial supports, and constructed throughout of non-com- bustible materials. fans shall be so located and installed as to be readily accessible for repairing, cleaning, inspecting and lubricating. connections between discharge end of the fan and main duct shall be made in such a manner as to prevent leakage of fine dust. specification .—low pressure steam and hot water pipes: where steam pipes for not more than fifteen (i ) pounds pressure and hot water heating pipes pass through partitions, ceilings, or floors, the holes for such pipes shall have a diameter not more than one-quarter (%) inch greater than the pipe. such pipes shall be provided with tightly-fitted flanges at all such openings in partitions, ceilings, and floors. covering for steam or hot water pipes, when used shall be of incombustible material for the inner one-eighth (%) inch at least, and the entire covering used any place within four ( ) feet of the boiler shall be incombustible and shall not have any covering of cloth or other combustible material. specification .— steam pipes for more than fifteen ( ) pounds pressure: steam pipes for more than fifteen (i ) pounds pressure shall not be placed nearer than one-half (]/i) inch to any wood or other combustible material and shall be protected with sleeves of one-half ( ) inch of asbestos or similar incombustible covering at such places where pipes pass through partitions, ceilings, and floors. all such pipes shall be provided with tightly fitted flanges at all such openings in partitions, ceilings and floors. specification .—gas supply lines when installed in class a, b, c. d. e or f buildings shall be provided with a shut-off located outside of the building in some place accessible to the fire department and keys for shutting off same shall be supplied by the company installing the gas. not more than two types of keys shall be required for all valves installed. all such valves shall be plainly labeled "gas'' and the company installing such valves shall be responsible for keeping them in operating condition. gas shall not be installed in class e buildings except in the furnace room or carpenter room. outside valves will not be required in class g buildings. specification .—gas outlets.—no gas outlet or bracket shall be placed less than eighteen ( ) inches below any ceiling of wood or other combustible material and if placed less than thirty ( ) inches below, the ceiling above shall be nrotected with a shield of metal or asbestos. no fixed gas bracket shall be less than six ( ) inches long and all movable brackets shall be so constructed that the burner cannot be brought closer than six ( ) inches from the wall. building code specification .— (a) stand pipes: size of stand pipes shall be as fol- lows: for buildings less than seventy-five ( ) feet high not less than four ( ) inches in diameter. for buildings seventy-five ( ) feet or more in height not less than six ( ) inches in diameter for first seventy-five ( ) feet, and not less than four ( ) inches in diameter for remaining height. piping for stand pipes and sprinkler systems shall be wrought iron or steel strong pipe and heavy fittings. all valves to be equal in strength to pipe. all piping shall be tested for leaks and defects under working pressure by the ann arbor fire department. application for test shall be made to the chief of the fire department, who shall order such test and record made of the same. (b) standpipes shall be located within fireproof stair shafts when prac- tical, otherwise as near stair shafts as possible. (c) standpipes shall extend from sub-basements, basement or cellar to and through the roof. (d) standpipes shall be equipped on all floors, with a two and one-half ( j/ ) inch angle valve with renewable soft disc for cold water, valve to be equipped in such a manner as to provide a two and one-half ( j ) inch u. s. bureau of standards male coupling for use by the ann arbor fire depart- ment. there shall also be provided at each standpipe such number of feet of one and one-half inch underwriters approved unlined linen hose, equipped with a two and one-half ( %) inch female reducing coupling and one and one-half ( j ) inch by twelve ( ) by one-half (j- ) inch smooth bore brass nozzle as specified by the chief of the fire department. hose racks shall be provided on all floors and must be of the self-releasing type of approved pattern; same shall be located not higher than five ( ) feet from the floor. (e) roof standpipes: where there is only one standpipe in a building a two-way spreader shall be provided and so arranged that each opening may be used independently. where more than one ( ) standpipe is in a building one ( ) opening on each will be deemed sufficient. these openings are to be provided with standard two and one-half ( j/ ) inch u. s. bureau of standards male coupling and all roof hydrants shall be equipped with a shut-off valve and drain located below the roof to prevent freezing. hose may be omitted from all roof hydrants if so desired. (f) siamese pumper connection shall be installed in such numbers and locations as are designated by the chief of the fire department. same shall be equipped with clapper valves, substantial caps and a drain shall be provided between check valve and siamese. each such pumper connection shall pro- vide two ( ) two and one-half ( j ) inch u. s. bureau of standards female threaded hose connections. siamese connections shall be elevated at least eighteen ( ) inches above grade and not more than three ( ) feet and there shall also be provided with a straight-way check valve on horizontal section rf pipe just inside of building and one ( ) on supply pipe from water supply tank. (g) water sunply may be from one ( ) of the following sources: gravity tank, pressure tank, or house service tank; provided they are located above roof or immediately below roof and are capable of maintaining at least fifteen ( ) pounds pressure per square inch at the highest outlet other than roof outlet. where water supply is used for combined standpipe use, the house supply pipe shall extend above bottom of the tank to such a height as will reserve the required a-nount of water for fire purposes. the amount of water building code tion having equal resistance to fire and water. such doors shall be con- structed and erected in accordance with the current specifications of the national board of fire underwriters for corridor type fire doors. all frames for such doors shall be metal covered as required in specifications referred to above. specification .—fire shutters and fire windows: fire windows shall have frames and sash of iron or steel bars or of sheet iron or steel hollow forms fabricated by pressing, welding or crimping together but not by the use of solder or other fusible alloy. wood cores may be used if completely incased in metal as required for fire doors but no exposed wood shall be used. all glass shall be wired glass. fire shutters shall be constructed of roller steel curtains or shall be of any material allowed for fire doors. all fire shutters shall be attached with metal fastenings to the inside of windows and shall operate by gravity with fusible links as required for fire doors. where fire windows are required ordinary windows with fire shutters may be provided. specification .—roofing—incombustible: to be used on all buildings in the fire limits and all buildings outside of the fire limits except frame or type buildings and private residences less than three ( ) stories high shall consist of terra cotta, concrete, sheet metal, slate or any of the following: tar or asphalt covered roofing, felt covered, with at least one-quarter (%) inch of gravel. asbestos prepared roofing. other prepared roofing material with at least one cap sheet of asbestos paper weighing one and one-half (ia) pounds per yard. other roofing of equal fire resisting value if approved after test by the chief building inspector. specification .—wood shingles may be used for roof covering on build- ings outside of the fire zone providing the thickness of five ( ) shingles at the butt measure not less than two ( ) inches and be vertically grained and of clear grade not less than sixteen ( ) inches in length. shingles of this length shall not be laid greater than five ( ) inches to the weather. no prepared shingles shall be used on a new dwelling of a shorter length than twelve and one-half (\ y ) inches. all gutters, valleys and flashings on new work shall be composed of metal. all metals other than copper, lead, zinc shall be painted both sides before installation. roll roofing and asphalt shingles used for covering of old roofs, private garages and temporary structures must conform with the requirements of the national board of fire underwriters for class "c" roll roofing and asphalt shingles. for valleys in connection with this type of work, two thicknesses of roll roofing material weighing not less than sixty-five ( ) pounds per square may be used. specification .— moving picture machine booths: every moving picture machine using inflammable fil ns together with all electric devices, rheostats, sewing machines and other films present in buildings shall be en- closed in a booth large enough to permit the operator to walk freely on either side or in back of the machine and at least seven ( ) feet high. building code (g) the stringers shall be at least three ( ) inches, four ( ) pound channels for spans under ten ( ) feet and shall be increased in size for larger spans to provide a safe floor load of at least sixty ( ) pounds per square foot. the ends of platforms shall be finished with the same size channel. (h) the floor slats shall be at least two ( ) by one-quarter (%) inch flat irons set three ( ) inches on centers, fastened with at least one-quarter ) inch rivets to stringers or to one and one-half ( ^ ) by one-quarter (j ) inch battens. battens shall be fastened every two ( ) feet to stringers. (i) the railings shall be at least three ( ) feet high in the clear with uprights of at least one and one-half ( a) by one and one-half ( j ) by one- quarter (j ) inch angles not over five ( ) feet apart and top rail of same material. uprights to be bolted to channel stringers with at least two ( ) three-eighths (-ms) inch bolts and to top rail with one ( ) three-eighths (f ) inch bolt or rivet. top rails shall be braced from the top chord of each bracket with at least a five-eighths (¥%) inch round brace. (j) brackets: brackets spaced not over eight ( ) feet centers shall be made as follows: top, bottom and wall chords to be at least one ( ) two ( ) by two ( ) by one-quarter (a) inch angle with two ( ) bracing members of at least one and one-half ( ^£) by one and one-half (va) by one-quarter (a) inch angle, riveted together with one-half (a) inch rivets. lower end of bottom chord to be bent at right angles to face of wall and set into same at least three ( ) inches. top chord of bracket to have one and one-quarter ( j ) inch diameter bolt flattened for eight ( ) inches at one end to not less than one-half (vz) inch thick, riveted to same with not less than three ( ) one-half (a) inch rivets, bolts to extend through wall and to be threaded with standard one and one-quarter ( j ) inch nut and washer not less than five ( ) inches by one-quarter (a) inch on inside of wall. brackets spaced over eight ( ) feet and not more than fifteen ( ) feet centers to consist of at least two ( ) two ( ) inch by two ( ) inch by one-quarter (a) inch angles for top, bottom and wall chords, with two ( ) bracing members of at least one ( ) two ( ) inch by two ( ) inch by one-quarter (a) inch angle each. three ( ) corners of brackets to be connected together with at least one-quarter (%) inch gusset plates with at least two ( ) one-half ca) inch rivets for each pair of angles. the bolt through wall and the washer inside to be as specified for lighter brackets. one of the inside brackets shall extend in a vertical position directly under the middle stringer of balcony, the other to run in a diagonal direction from the base of this upright to the wall end of the top chord. the minimum distance between upper and lower chords of brackets shall not be less than twenty ( ) inches at the wall line. the top chord of brackets shall entend five ( ) inches beyond edge of balcony to support five-eighths ( ^) inch round brace to top rail. (k) stairs shall not be less than twenty-four ( ) inches wide and shall rise at an angle of not more than fifty-one ( ) degrees but when used as emergency exits for theatres this angle shall be determined by the riser and tread given below. the risers shall not be more than eight ( ) inches and the treads not less than six ( ) inches and one-half (a), but when used as emergency exits from theatres the risers shall not exceed seven ( ) inches and the treads shall not be less than ten and one-half ( ^) inches. the stringers shall consist of at least five and one-quarter ( ^ ) inch plates. the treads shall consist of at least one ( ) piece of one and one-quarter ( * ) inch by one-fourth (a) inch angle on outer edge and two ( ) pieces of at building code least one and one-half oh) by one-quarter (j ) inch flat iron all resting on and riveted to shelves of at least one and one-quarter ( j ) by one and one- quarter ( j ) by one-quarter (j ) inch angles riveted to stringers with two ( ) three-eighths (h) inch rivets. stair stringers are to be securely fastened to balcony stringers above and below. stairs shall be set on the outer side of balconies whenever possible and shall be set on the inner side only when on dead walls. ( ) stairs shall have handrails on both sides (except where one side is against a dead wall) at least two ( ) feet six ( ) inches high with top bar of at least three-quarter (h) inch pipe or equivalent securely fastened to uprights of at least one and one-quarter ( j ) by one and one-quarter ( / ) by one-quarter (%) inch angles or three-quarter (j ) inch pipe set not more than five ( ) feet apart and fastened to stair stringers with at least two ( ) three-eighths (h) inch bolts or rivets. (m) drop stairs shall be constructed the same as other stairs but shall be pivoted on at least a one ( ) inch bolt and so counterbalanced as to remain in a horizontal position when not in use. they shall drop into position in- stantly when stepped upon and when down shall remain there until raised. they shall be properly braced to prevent them from springing out of shape. stairs counterbalanced with weights hung from cables will not be allowed. (n) ladders: all ladders shall be at least eighteen ( ) inches wide in the clear, with side bars of at least two ( ) inches by one-half (yi) inch bars and rungs of at least three-quarters (ya) inch round iron spaced not over twelve ( ) inches on centers and secured to the side bars. the ladder to the roof shall have side bars, extending at least thirty ( ) inches above the roof and curved over and fastened to the roof and shall have braces to the wall where necessary. (o) maintenance: every fire escape shall be kept in perfect repair and shall receive at least one ( ) coat o-f mineral paint each year. (p) every fire escape shall be kept clear at all times of rubbish, snow, ice or other obstruction and all doors and windows leading to fire escape shall be kept unlocked except for locks easily released from the inside without the use of a key as well as free from all ice, snow or other foreign material, which might prevent the instant opening of same. (q) live load requirements: every part of a fire escape shall be made strong enough to safely carry sixty ( ) pounds of live load per square foot of platform and the stairs shall be designed to safely carry two hundred ( ) pounds per tread uniformly distributed when designed in accordance with the provisions of article xviii. (r) placards: every building having fire escapes shall have placards bearing the inscription "fire escape" posted in conspicuous places in the corridor of every floor above the first floor indicating the location of the fire escape and it shall be the duty of the owner, manager or any person or persons having charge of a building to see that such placards are provided, properly placed and maintained. specification .—snow guards shall be provided on all roofs pitching toward public ways not over ten ( ) feet away if sloping more than one ( ) foot in four ( ) feet provided the eaves are more than thirty-five ( ) feet above grade. building code snow guards shall be made of wrought iron or soft steel bars standing not less than six ( ) inches above roof and shall be securely attached to roof construction. they shall be placed not over three ( ) feet on centers and within one ( ) foot of the eaves. specification .—material to be used as substitute for three-quarter (- ) inch sheathing shall possess the following properties: (a) when applied to two ( ) by four ( ) inch wood studs placed sixteen ( ) inches on centers it shall possess at least as great a resistance to distor- tion in the planes of the face of the material as three-quarters (}i) inch pine sheathing of fair quality. (b) it shall have a hard, durable surface which will not readily absorb water or become disintegrated or deteriorated by the action of the elements or ordinary wear and tear. (c) it shall not rot or decompose more readily than pine timber or become infested with vermin. (d) it shall be at least equal to three-quarter (fi) inch pine sheathing as a thermo insulator. (e) it shall not burn more readily than pine timber. article xxiii effect section .—this ordinance shall take effect on and after ten ( ) days from legal publication thereof. index to building code article section concrete around piles concrete blocks—in fireproof buildings l foundations concrete blocks or tile—strength of manufacture of partitions concrete brick—bearing walls manufacture of concrete buildings—protection of public concrete chimneys footings concrete—mass in bearing walls' concrete or iron stairs—type concrete piles concrete tile, manufacture of condemned property—peimits on construction costs to be posted construction—new methods of construction of masonry construction started before permit obtained construction—types of — convents — cooling towers—type buildings type buildings coping on parapet walls cornices—projection into street type buildings type buildings type buildings type buildings corridor fireproof—class f corridors—class d buildings in theaters costs of construction—to be reported to be revised cost of correcting violations—to be assessed against property cost of making buildings safe—to be assessed county buildings - court houses - courts at side of theater auditorium cross walls—definition crushing strength—brick, tile, etc. cupolas—type buildings curtain—asbestos in theater walls—definition wall—thickness wall—fireproof construction damage by fire—when buildings to be rebuilt damaged buildings damages—due to encroachments, owner liable for dance halls o i-l] index to building code article section class d buildings class f buildings class g buildings enclosures of stairways, etc.—theaters type buildings type buildings type buildings type buildings vertical openings encroachment into public property ~ removal of engineer (registered) to sign plans entrance to boiler rooms of class b entry—writ of, refusal of, to be issued by court erection of steel work excavations for easement and footings, protection and responsibility exceptions—class a buildings class b buildings class d buildings class e buildings class f buildings to requirements general existing buildings—alteration of definition change of occupancy class a class b class d class f class g existing buildings governed by code fi existing walls—lining of exit lights—theaters exits—class a buildings class b buildings class c buildings class d buildings class e buildings class f buildings class f buildings, existing class g buildings class g buildings, existing emergency—from theater auditormium to fover, balcony, etc. general requirements signs—class a buildings signs—class b buildings signs—class d buildings main theater stage index to building code article protection of in class e buildings protection of in class f buildings protection of in class g buildings headers in masonry walls hearths heat and flame (miscellaneous source of) heating plants—hot air heating plants—class d buildings class f buildings class b buildings steam steam (over i lbs. pressure) theaters heating and ventilating ducts height—buildings definition high pressure boilers in class f buildings hoist—building operations hoisting workmen, prohibited hoistways, enclosure of i hollow walls solid under joists, etc. safe loads for horizontal members—type buildings type buildings type buildings type buildings hospitals hotels hot plates hot water heaters, etc. hot water pipes hot weather—pouring concrete in ice houses frame incinerators—specifications for incombustible construction height of incombustible roofing fire limits inflammable liquids, buildings for class a buildings class c buildings ,, class d buildings class f buildings class g buildings definition fire limits theaters inspection—called for reports to be fled jails - section , • - - - index to building code article section joists, headers, etc., support of joists, in type buildings kilns, specifications for lamp brackets, projection of large buildings, plans for lattice columns length of wall—definition libraries — licenses for concrete blocks, etc., and revocation thereof-- light wells lime mortar lining existing walls lintels definition of type buildings , live load—-definition placards for floor reduction of sidewalk covers various occupancies loads—concentrated general requirements dead and live wind masonary, safe for t.ocation—buildings class a buildings class b buildings class c buildings class d buildings class f buildings class g buildings theaters lodge halls - lodging houses — lot line, distance of sheds from lowering workmen low pressure steam and hot water pipes machine shops, painting in ' manufacturing buildings - markets - marquise, projection of masonry arches buildings in fire limits definition - - fireproof construction masonry walls —height of retaining thickness of materials—hoisting of bearing walls index to building code article section metal cleanout door metal buildings in fire limits metal lath and plaster—theater ceiling type building ceiling ceiling, under trusses class f buildings light wells stairs in class f buildings type buildings type buildings : metal studs—fireproof construction partitions '--. mezzanine—floors in class f buildings type buildings type buildings mill construction height of vertical members minor theaters — miscellaneous projections miscellaneous structures ~ mixed occupancy class a buildings class b buildings class c buildings class d buildings class e buildings class f buildings class g buildings monasteries — monitors—tyoe buildings monumental stair«—class c buildings class d buildings class f buildings mortar motion picture films—buildings for — motion picture films—class c buildings class d build'ngs' hass f buildings cla=s f buildings wotn' boat houses — motion picture booths. specifications multiple dwellings ~ natural cement mortar new building—-definition new method of construction .- new materials night ruilding nitro-cellulose films. class b buildings class c buildings notive of dancprsus structures, and how served notice of violations i xiv index to building code article notification cards, for inspection nuisance—penalty for unlawful structures to be declared wrecking, not to create obstructions—theater aisles occupacnies—live loads for occupancy (existing buildings), change of mixed, in class a buildings mixed, in class b buildings mixed, in class c buildings mixed,'in class d buildings '- mixed, in class e buildings mixed, in class f buildings mixed, in class g buildings of street, permit for office buildings oil burners openings—in walls, framing of open shelter sheds ordinary construction, details of height of oriol windows, projection of oriols—in type buildings outside stairs in class f buildings ovens, coffee roasters, etc., installation of and specifications paint shops painting—machinery, parts of steel construction paper—storage of in fire limits parapet walls—class a buildings tops of partitions, block definition - fireproof construction frame bvildings miscellaneous type buildings type buildings type buildings type buildings type buildings party wall—definition penaltv for violation pent houses—tyoe buildings type buildings permits—procedure to obtain buildings on condemned property cancellation of expiration of fees, for revocation of reinstatement of - ik section lo - - ~ - -i - o ii index to building code article section photographic studios—type buildings type buildings piers—construction and facing of pilasters—projection of into streets piles—loads on, etc. pipes for steam and hot water—low pressure boilers pipes or ducts for warm air piping in steel construction placards—floor load plans—examination of filing of a signing of required plate girders police department, assistance of porches, balconies, etc., in type buildings type buildings type buildings tyne buildings poster boards, in fire limits post offices - power houses — power of depart nent to remove structures lfi pressed steel in type buildings prisons - private dwellings — procedure in building operations ~ projection^—into public property - type buildings proscenium—curtains wall, openings in protected construction height of protection—building operations excavations hazards in class a buildings (i hazards in class b buildings hazards in class c buildings hazards in class d ruildings *• hazards in class e buildings hazards in class f buihings hazards in class g buildings si ovens. coffee roasters. etc. ?' steel framing construction ? steel work (under) ° wrecking buildings, when public buildings q ~ property encraochments intn - purlins (fireproofed) in type buildings radio towers »*' rag shops m ndex to building code article section specifications l--tg filing same with bians spikes—shear for in wood spires—l ype buildings spray coating b bprinklered buildings, exits from class b sprinkler s 'stems—specifications o theaters lo / stables / - stacks—steel or iron ' stage—class d buildings exits (theaters) floors (theaters) ventilators—specifications ^.z o stairs and exits—'class a buildings class b buildings class c buildings class d buildings class e buildings (..lass r auild.ngs class g buddings general stairs—toiler rooms class a buildings easting clss a build.ngs projection of type buildings type buildings type buildings . type buildings stairway enclosure—class c buildings stand pipes—amusement parks definition class a buildings class b buildings class d buildings class f buildings specifications for theaters state housing code—for class g buildings steam and hot water pipes—low pressure steam heating plants ~ steam pipes—high pressure steel and iron stresses steel—columns, safe load on frame buildings, protection skeleton for lining walls ') stacks ? structural is - tension members, stress on work, erection of steel structures—design of stens—theaters index to building code article section torches, welding, etc., class b buildings towers—type buildings trap doors—stage floors trusses—fireproofed live load reduction steel theaters - type buildings type buildings wood tunnels, theater two family dwellings — type construction type incombustible construction type protected construction type mill construction type skeleton construction type ordinary construction type construction—all metal type frame construction types of construction — underpinning—adjacent foundation how done unit stresses—wood members ~ unlawful structures unlimited area— -story buildings vacation of dangerous buildings vaults for inflammable films, liquids, etc. . veneer—-definition vent flues—specifications for ventilating—ducts shafts—theater attics ventilators—theater stage specifications vertical members—type buildings type buildings type buildings type buildings type buildings y violations—correction of notice of k) penalty for volume of building, base of fees n wall—apron—definition of basement ? index to building code article section bearing—definition of bearing—materials for cross—definition of curtain—definition of definition eight-inch fire, definition fireproof construction foundation—definition frame buildings free standing height of hollow division wall—definition of lining of existing wall—masonry . - metal buildings openings, increased thickness of over feet party, definition recesses and openings in retaining retaining, definition skeleton construction thickness of thickness of. definition type buildings type buildings type buildings warehouses — warm air—ducts or pipes, specifications for furnaces, specifications for water heaters waterproof card to be furnished waterproof permit card to be posted water supply for stand pipes -g water tanks—type buildings type buildings webs—plate girders steel or iron, shear on welding . welding. operator's qualifications wheel guards as encroachments wholesale stores - window sills projecting into street windows—fire—specifications for type buildings type buildings type buildings type buildings type buildings index to building code article section wind pressure, construction for wind stresses . wire glass in fire doors work—when stopped . , -© wood beams—strength of i-- ' type buildings wood columns, strength of . wooden piles wood roof trusses wooden structures in fire limits wood in type buildings wood joints in type buildings wood, not allowed near smoke pipe - wood, not to enter chimney wood posts, type buildings wood—unit stresses structural members - studs (frame-buildings) , trusses, construction of: ' wrecking of buildings wrought iron columns stresses for steel, wrought iron, cast iron and bolts proceedings at the banquet given by the rar association of washtenaw (qunty at an n are or, mich igan on the evening of september , at - coopq’s hotel in honor of hull, alph bus fblºh upon the anniversary of his ninetieth birthday after the cloth had been removed hon. e. d. kinme, the presiding judge of the circuit court, arose and addressed the audience as follows: gentlemen: the bar association of washtenaw county has assembled here to-night, in its unostentatious way, to do honor and reverence to one of its most cherished members upon this, the ninetieth anniversary of his birth. we extend a hearty, cordial greeting to all of our friends and guests, and especially to those who have come from a dis- tance, and who by their presence are so materially contributing to the pleasure and enjoyment of this occasion. we are to-night only repeating history. in all ages, i think, the nations of the earth have loved to recognize and commemorate the virtues of their heroes, and their men of distinguished character. the good and the great men of any age or of any nation are its first and chief glory. it has been said that great men constitute the state: certain it is that they are the proudest monuments of our civilization: more endur- ing than granite or bronze. the circumstances which have summoned us together to-night are auspicious and memorable. in the history of the human race, few men have sheathed the sword, and retired from the battlefield of human action richer in the lustre of good deeds than our brother, whom we now seek to honor. we look upon the long and brilliant panorama of his public career, and we behold a picture that reveals neither flaw or blemish. whether in private life, or public or professional duty, he has ever worn upon his lapel the white rose of a pure and spotless life. i am sure that the horoscope that impended his nativity was a happy one; for true it is, that upon this green earth, to but few men is it given, thus to sow and thus to reap. - — shade of the evening of his days, that the skies above and around him are clear and mellow; that the murmuring winds are soft and balmy and ladened with song, and that the receding horizon reflects but the matchless beauty and splendor of an ideal twilight. we shall be glad now to hear something from our honored guest of the evening, ex-governor alpheus felch. governor felch spoke as follows: mr. president and gentlemen: no words which i can command can adequately express my feelings on this occasion. i should be less than mortal if this testimonial of the partiality of my fellow citizens and the kind words which have here been spoken did not touch my heart. they are not the words of strangers but of friends, and they will pass into my memory as a treasure never to be forgotten. i can reciprocate only by the poor return of my warmest thanks. you have been so kind as to remember, which i of course could not forget, that ninety years of my life have already passed, and i enter to-day the last decade of the century. it is a longer period of life than is allotted to most men—long enough for the visionary anticipations of youth and the active, energetic, ambitious and useful years of middle life to have passed. at that age all that the man was to do is done. the little remnant of life is very brief, but i cannot look upon it as devoid of enjoyment or that there is any place for regret that others must do the work which it was his ambition to do. every true man bids god speed to all workers in the good cause of truth and the prosperity of his fellow man. old age is most usually regarded as a gloomy period of life when decrepitude has taken the place of physical energy and every source of pleasure is dried up. and this is not a mere modern speculation. a little more than eighteen hun- dred years ago, just before the beginning of the christian era, cicero wrote his beautiful treatise on old age, in which he enumerates the supposed evils of that period of human life —io— which challenges and commands the admiration of all. this, too, had its organization within this sixty years, and it has been my good fortune, as a looker-on from the first, to know the work it has done and the record it has made. we are so fortunate as to have with us to-night some of the members of that tribunal, and one who was at an early day one of the judges of the supreme court, and who, for a long term of years, was one of its most efficient and eminent members. although now retired from official position the love and respect of his fellow citizens follow him and rest upon him in his retirement. the printed decisions of this court are received by other tribunals throughout the country as high authority, and its members have always been held in good repute as able expounders of the law and careful adminis- trators of justice. but courts are not isolated tribunals. they never listen with closed doors. they never decide on the rights of a party litigant without giving ear to what may be said in his behalf from his own lips or by his attorney; and this brings before the court that class of professional men whom we know as lawyers. i am happy to be classed as one of the profession. i have stood in its ranks (though not always in active service) since , and three years later became a member of the bar of michigan. i remember well the members of the michigan bar at that early period. their number was small, but among them were men of distinguished ability and fair professional acquirements. i have taxed my memory in vain to find a single individual now living who was a member of the bar here when i came to michigan in . but the profession has increased immensely since that time in numbers, acquire- ments and influence. my associations with the members of the profession have always been of the most pleasant and cordial character and from them i have constantly received tokens of their kind consid- eration and regard. this pleasant meeting, called by your kind invitation, my brothers of the legal profession, and your hearty and cordial greeting are incidents never to be forgotten by me, and i beg you to accept my warmest acknowledgment and most hearty thanks. —i — michigan; and hon. morgan l. martin, of green bay. i was elected over those distinguished men. all three of them after- wards became members of congress. w. w. woodbridge was afterwards elected united states senator from the state of michigan and in was elected governor. mr. doty was afterwards elected as a member of the house of representatives from wisconsin, and mr. martin followed him. i came to this city on your invitation to do honor to my noble friend with whom i served in the senate of the united states from to , when our mutual friend, president pierce, appointed him commissioner to settle the spanish and mexican claims in california. gov. felch was chairman of the committee on public lands in the united states senate, and the faithful and able manner in which he discharged the duties of his office, for the grant reached more than half way from the missouri to the mississippi river, nearly , miles, has been the cause of raising iowa from an inferior territory to now the first agricultural state in the world. statistics prove that iowa has raised more corn than even illinois which has from , to , more square miles of territory than she. s fellow citizens—i can call you such because you be- stowed the first honors upon me as your delegate in congress —i strove with your two senators to procure the admission of your state into the union. i at the same time used my influence to have the territory of wisconsin established. i had the pleasure of seeing my bill to establish the territory of wisconsin passed on july , . before michigan was declared a state the southern members of congress were opposed to the admission of michigan because they disliked to create another abolition state, as they then called it, but the bill passed, and with the addition of the large section of country west of lake michigan which was attached to make amends for the small piece of territory taken from the south- ern portion and given to the state of ohio. gen. jackson was then president, while i was delegate in congress from the ter- ritory of michigan. i had been sergeant of the body-guard of gen. jackson at lexington, ky., as he passed through with his family from tennessee through kentucky to take his seat in the presidential chair. the next spring i was sergeant of — – the body-guard of lafayette, the french general, who fought for the independence of the united states of america. gen. jackson was president of the united states when i was intro- duced to him the last sunday before the first monday in december, , by senator lane, of missouri, the colleague of col. benton. when i was introduced to him he scruti- nized me and said, “my young friend, if you are from mis- souri, i would think i had seen you before; i was honored at lexington, ky., by a young man that looks very much like you, except that he had no mustache on.” i then wore a black mustache. says i, “mr. president, i am the same young man.” “are you stockley's college mate?” “yes, i am.” “give me your hand,” he said, “god almighty bless you for what you have done. if i can ever help you here i will do so with a great deal of pleasure.” my bill for the establishment of wisconsin territory and the division of michigan was passed. i asked my two colleagues, the delegates in congress, one of whom was one of the most distinguished lawyers who ever appeared before the supreme court, what i could do to get the officers created by my bill appointed by the president. both said, “you cannot get one, no delegate is known to secure the appointment of any man to fill an office in his ter- ritory.” well, says i, “but gen. jackson is a friend of mine, he has said he would help me and i am sure he will do it now.” said they, “you cannot do it.” sevier white said, “it is no use to try it, you will not get those offices.” i sat down and wrote to gen. jackson a strong letter arguing against the propriety and justice of giving officers from the states to the young territories. i said to him that we have as pure patriots and eminent, able men as are to be found in ken- tucky or anywhere. i claim those offices. the next day his private secretary came to my seat and said, “the general wants to see you.” “what general?” said i. “gen. jack- son,” said he, “the president of the united states.” that astonished me. i said, “what does he want to see me for?” he answered, “didn't you write him a rather saucy and threatening letter last night?” “no,” i said, “i hope not.” well, he said, “by the gods, young sir, you have got old hickory now foming at the mouth, he says, “donaldson, tell that col. jones to come and see me, i want to see if he can — – buchanan, then senator from pennsylvania, stopped me and said, “colonel, i want to speak a word to you.” i stopped, he called to one or two others and said, “i want to tell you some- thing. this morning i went over to see gen. jackson to ask him to appoint a friend of mine, mr. fraser, a judge in this young gentleman's territory, i don't know its name, and what do you think gen. jackson told me? he says, “mr. buchanan, if you want your friend appointed judge of the supreme court of the territory of wisconsin you must go to the delegate from the territory.’” slayton says, “no, colonel, you and i have played together, you and i are particular friends, i have noth- ing to do with these damned loco focos, but fraser whom my friend wishes to have me recommend to you is one of the dis- tinguished members of the bar, i have practiced law with him twenty years, he would do honor to the supreme court of the united states, if you recommend him he will do you honor.” i said, “write to your friend to come down here and see me so i can tell my constituents i know the man who is appointed and i can recommend him.” he says, “i will go and write to him.” in a few days mr. buchanan wrote to mr. fraser to call upon me at my lodgings and he was introduced to me. he was a splendid looking gentleman with a white cravat, a little gray in his hair. i was delighted with him. i said, “mr. buchanan, cannot you and your friend fraserdine with me?” mr. buchanan could not, but mr. fraser said, “colonel, i will dine with you with pleasure.” i said, “we will dine at o'clock.” at o'clock he came. there were or at the table includ- ing gov. felch and myself. after taking soup champagne was handed around and mr. fraser who sat next to me would not take any, or claret; he said, “i have not tasted anything like this for years.” that delighted me. after dinner says i, “mr. fraser, to-night i will recommend you to gen. jackson for judge in my territory.” that night i recommended him and the next day he was confirmed. i said, “you will stop at the house of the sister of gov. dodge when you reach wiscon- sin,” and a senator to whom you have been introduced to-night wrote a letter of introduction. he took my letter and departed. when he reached his destination the lady to whose house he had been sent welcomed him cordially, saying that a friend had written to her all about him. “how have you enjoyed your —i — refers to-night to the american lawyer of whom we, in michi- gan, have so long been proud. - the american lawyer is expected to be a man of learn- ing and of good sense, and withal, modest, and who will leave boastfulness to those who perhaps in other realms might incline to separate the office itself from the beneficial results which are reasonably to be expected from it, and to make the title itself the subject of boast. you will hear nothing from me that expresses a pride in a mere name of office; but i shall take pleasure in speaking to the worth of the american law- yer, and to the large part he bears in the administration of free institutions in the western world. nowhere among the nations is the office of attorney and counsellor at law so important as an assistant in the building up of free institu- tions, and in their steady and safe administration, as in the united states. but to-night i am to speak of the american lawyer, with a particular representative, whom we all delight to honor before us, and to express, in my feeble way, my ap- preciation of his work and his services. alpheus felch was the first judge i ever saw upon the bench, and he fairly captified my imagination. i remember to-day as vividly as the night of my first seeing him how charmed i was with his presence, with his ease of deportment, with his mastery of the english language, never excessively ornate, but always clear, always to the point, always expressing exactly what the occasion called for, and doing it in such a way as to the young practitioner could not fail to be charm- ing. those charges of his to juries seemed to me perfect. there was not a word too many or too few, or that was be- gotten of mere display; not a word that the simplest man on the jury could not perfectly comprehend, and not a statement of a legal principle that did not bear on its face full justifica- tion for its utterance and a complete presentation of the view intended to be imparted. this completeness was always mani- fest whether what was said concerned the law or the facts. there was to me something of an education in this. its effect never passed from my mind, and when i contrasted it with what i soon had occasion to hear from others occupying a position equally high, and who seemed to delight in the use of great words, strong phrases, dogmatic utterences that were — — you will believe it. there is no living witness to the fact that i know of. i did not distinguish myself here and do not think there is any local tradition of my residence or professional achievements. but what i say is true and i wish to be recog- nized, not perhaps as being, but as having been one of you. judge kinne. the state of michigan has been specially fortunate in the selection of its chief executives, although i think the first governor of michigan was an infant in years, but a man in heart and mind. i regret to say that we have not with us to-night the present executive of the state, but we have with us one of the ex-governors, who left behind him as pure, clean and strong an administration as his own personal character, and i call upon ex-governor david h. jerome to respond to “the governors of michigan.” governor jerome. mr. chairman, gentlemen of the bar of washtenaw county and fellow citizens. i find myself somewhat embarrassed in speaking for another man when i prefer to speak for myself, and lest i should forget what i would be glad to say for myself i will say it now. when i received the invitation to come down here i saw that it was to be a guest of the bar of washtenaw county, and to partake of the banquet to be furnished by the bar of wash- tenaw county, and this was so unique a performance for the members of that profession that i said i should come at once. my experience in life so far has been that wherever there was something to be furnished and the bar had anything to do with it they were very apt to have it at the expense of some- body else. that was not all that i came here for either, to satisfy my curiosity in that line; but i did come here because i have lived in michigan more years than the venerable guest of this occa- sion, and from my infancy up i have been taught by those whose advice i have usually followed that among the great men of michigan was alpheus felch; and i congratulate governor felch upon the kindly spirit that pervades the whole — – people of michigan, for him. i also congratulate him that he has passed through all these years of public life, and the earlier part of it when he needed encouragement was at a time when the public took careful thought of how their public servants were discharging their duties, for i believe that an official is encouraged or discouraged largely by the assurance that he receives that his acts are known by his constituents and are weighed for what they are worth, and he will be discouraged if they go for naught and they receive no criticism and no com- mendation. it is a good deal like a person coming before the foot lights in the theater when all he may do or say does not elicit any response. if i had any advice to give the people of the state it is that the responsibility as to the character of their officials rests upon them. it is their duty to scrutinize their officials, be familiar with their doings, commend them for doing well when they do well and chastise them if they do wrong. i want to add my voice and everything that is within me that i may express in proper words and add to the good feel- ing that has been extended to governor felch. i honor him as a man, as an official, and it has been one of the green spots of my life to come down here and say it for myself. i see before me a good many young men and i can define, i believe, some things that are running through their minds. governor felch has been described here very truly as a man who has held all the distinguished offices that the people of michigan can bestow, and he received all of them without solicitation and continued right on without a break. governor felch, i think there is a great deal of curiosity to know just how that thing is brought about. i think there are over ioo men in this room who can tell how they have not accomplished that. i speak somewhat feelingly on the subject. what i have to say for governor rich is that he is about his state's business, and he is trying his utmost that he knows how to continue in office, and i think i may safely say that heretofore he has had considerable success, and it would be the highest wish of his life to follow in the footsteps of our guest and continue on until he is years old. i hope that our distinguished guest will live to be ioo years old, and if he should and you should extend another banquet to him i hope i shall be one of the invited. — — tracted trial, in which i find by the records, almost the entire bar of washtenaw county was either for or against the pros- ecution, the jury came back into court, and upon their oaths did say that the defendant was guilty in manner and form as charged in the indictment, and that the sum of money actually lost was twenty-five cents. the usual motions for a new trial, and for arrest of judgment were made, and overruled, and then judge witherall pronounced sentence upon the poor ypsilan- tian, and fined him $ . . the most remarkable part of this record is yet to be stated, that is, that at the bottom of the record the clerk who made the entry charges up the fees of the county clerk for making this record at ninety cents. from that day to this, mr. president, the bar of washtenaw county has gone on in this good work, and i want to say to you that the records, and the early history of that case discloses that this lawyer, who had disclosed this talent for gambling, by reason of the outraged moral sentiment of the bar of washtenaw county, was driven out of this county to one of the neighbor- ing counties, where he could ply his vocation with greater profit and less danger. and from that day to this the moral sentiment of washtenaw county bar has been such, that as soon as any member of the bar developed any propensity for gambling, his losses became so great that he found it to his advantage to join a bar where competition was not quite so sharp as in washtenaw. one of the earliest recollections of my professional life was of entering the court room just at the close of a hotly contested trial, while judge cooley was, in a few beautiful sentences, closing the argument for the plaintiff in the case. i had never met his honor before, but from that instant i have recognized him as a profound lawyer and skilled in his pro- fession. but it was my good pleasure, and greatly to my profit, for a number of years of my early professional life, to have before me (if i could but distantly follow it) the example of alpheus felch; and i want to say, in a tone of voice that i wish might reach him, and yet possibly it ought not, that no man ever crossed the vista of my life who had so great an influence upon me as the example of alpheus felch in the trial of a lawsuit. impetuous as i am, i found in him a counter part, and what i believe to be the greatest example i have ever your homes and business and journey to us and join with us in these festivities. the following are letters and extracts therefrom which were read at the banquet: augusta, maine, september, . hon. b. m. thompson, secretary. dear sir: i have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter in behalf of the members of your bar inviting me to be present at the banquet tendered to the honorable alpheus felch on the interesting occasion of his attaining his ninetieth birthday, as an expression of their appreciation of his public services and his public and private virtues. it would give me so much pleasure to be present and unite with you in the expression of such appreciation that even at my age, although more than two years his senior, i would undertake the journey if the distance were less. he is my dear and oldest living friend. we commenced the study of virgil together at limerick academy seventy-five years ago. we were at bowdoin college together, though not in the same class; we commenced the practice of law about the same time: we entered the u. s. senate together in ; and we are now the sole survivors of the senators of that session of congress. only two more can be added to the list of survivors of the hundred members of that body during the six years of our service—they are hon. robert c. winthrop, of massachusetts, and general george w. jones, of iowa. after a brief period of practice of the law in maine, mr. felch resolved to cast his lot with the opening west, and take the opportunity to grow up with it. he then moved to the territory of michigan, and he has been part and parcel of its development and growth until it now occupies the position of one of the leading states of the union. i knew him best during his senatorial life; and it is no small commendation to be able to say of him that as a safe, wise and patriotic statesman, always true to his convictions, and true to the interest and honor of his state and the union, – – long as have been his years we rejoice that they give promise of more. may they outrun the century, and still present to rising generations an inspiring model of the true citizen, statesman and patriot. very truly, etc., geo. v. n. lathrop. lansing, sept. , . hon. b. m. thompson, ann arbor, michigan. dear sir: the career of governor felch has indeed been a notable one; a member of our first state legislature almost sixty years ago, a governor when our state's population was less then that of detroit at the present time, a united states senator with men who now exist only in their country's history. in every position he served the people honestly and ably, and of him it can be said that the people honored them- selves in honoring him. every citizen will join with you in extending good wishes to your distinguished guest and rejoicing that he has been spared a score of years beyond the allotted three score and ten. the love and veneration of those who knew him, the confidence and respect of his fellow citizens is the reward he has received for a well spent life, and none can say that it is not richly deserved. sincerely yours, john t. rich. detroit, mich., september , . dear sir: please to convey to governor felch my congratulations, not only for the honor done him by the mem- bers of the washtenaw bar on the occasion of this anniversary, but on account of his honorable as well as long life. few men in the state have better served its interests or been more honored by its people. as a member of the bar he was dis- tinguished; as a public man, judge of the supreme court, governor, senator in congress, alike, all along his life, honored by the people, and by his integrity and ability doing honor to the state. i regret that i may not, perhaps, be able to attend the banquet with which the bar honors both him and itself on his coming ninetieth birthday. yours truly, james f. joy. detroit, mich., sept. , . prof. b. m. thompson, - university of michigan, ann arbor, mich. my dear sir:—there is no good citizen of michigan who will not be with you in spirit on that occasion. the learning and the ability of your distinguished guest, the purity of his long life, his patriotism, and his pride in and services to the state and nation, have endeared him to his fellow citizens, and have made a living lesson to young men of a life well lived. very truly yours, don m. dickinson. grand rapids, sept., , . b. m. thompson, esq., secretary. - my dear sir:—it would afford me extreme pleasure to respond in person, to contribute my mite, to an object so worthy of homage as that of the distinguished guest whose long and faithful service to his country in the various distinguished positions he has been called upon to fill with such consummate ability, fidelity and integrity, as legislator, judge, governor, and united states senator; as well as the important position of chairman of the commission appointed by the president and senate of the united states to adjust and determine the validity of the various extensive and complicated grants of land made by the government of mexico to its citizens in california, prior to its cession to the united states, as the result of the war with that republic; and retired from the discharge of the various duties thus imposed upon him, without the semblance of a blemish upon his integrity or his honor; nor do i speak as a partisan when i say that fidelity to his political principles and convictions alone, in conflict with those of the party that guided and directed the public affairs of michigan for more than thirty years of his active life, naturally interposed, as against still further distinguished political honors. while in civil life his transcendant and unsullied virtues have not been overlooked—as a professor of law, in our superb university he added grace and dignity, without austentation, to the import- ant position in that exalted seat of learning; as well as presi- js . a А . А ann arbor. mich. proposed charter. proposed charter for the city of ann arbor, michigan, cha to be submitted to a vote of the electors. june , proposed city charter cİ erk. attorney. health officer supervisors: treasurer assessor. people council seven members, nominated by wards and elected at large, • serve as board of review , board of canvassens, board of health, etc., one member serves as mayor. manager purchasing a justice of the peace. department service department safety clerk of the court. police . fire water parks streets building sewers etc. constables. this diagram shows the method by which the officials of the city of ann arbor will be chosen if the proposed charter is adopted. the people will select supervisors, justice of the peace and councilmen. the council will select clerk of the justice court, constables, clerk, attorney, health officer, treasurer, assessor and manager. each of the last six officers will select the persons who are employed in their respective offices. proposed city charter statement of the charter commission to the electors of the city of ann arbor: your charte'r commission respectfully presents for your consideration the following proposed charter for the city of ann arbor. we desire to call your attention to the following points at which we believe that it* is an improvement over the charter under which the city is now working and we do not believe that any advantages of the present charter have been sacrificed in preparing the proposed charter. first: the number of elective officers has been decreased and greater care can be exercised by the public when there is a smaller number of places to be filled. second: regular city elections will occur biannually with a provision for annual elections if necessary on acount of vacancies, recalls, or desir ed legislation. third: responsibility is centered as the council will not only act as the legislative body, but also in the capacity of all required boards. this ie a very important change. under our present charter with its numerous boards and officers receiving authority from different sources, it is prac- tically impossible to locate responsibility. fourth: there is reserved to the public the right to initiate legisla- tion in case the council declines to act. fifth: there ie reserved to the people the final decision with regard to legislation in that ordinances, except in a few necessary cases, are not effective till thirty days after their passage by the coancil during which time by petition they may be suspended until the people shall have formally ratified them. sixth: franchises can only be given by means of ordinances which must be presented in final form one month in advance of their passage and following a public hearing. in addition to these safe guards the pub- lic by use of the referendum can'prevent the granting of any franchise the terms of which are not satisfactory. seventh: the council, being nominated by wards and elected at large, will represent every section of the city, but will be city officials rather than ward officials. the council will elect one of its own members to serve as mayor. eighth: every official elected or appointed under this charter is placed on a salary basis and the evil effects of the fee system will be elim- inated, d p» p bd city charthk h such times and places as the council shall designate by resolution, the purpose and object of which shall be fully set forth in the resolution calling such election. notices thereof shall be given by the city clerk as required in regular elections. section . preparation op voting material. it shall be the duty of the clerk to prepare, ready for delivery twenty-four hours before the time fixed by law for the opening of the polls, all. of the neces- sary books, blanks and lists required by the general laws of the state or by this charter for' holding elections and twenty-five per cent more ballots than there are registered voters in each election precinct section . form of ballots. voting machines shall not be used in city elections, but may be used for county, state, and national elections. the ballots shall be prepared in accordance with the provisions of eection of act public acts , except that no provision shall be made whereby political parties are indicated, provided however, that candidates for the office of supervisor may be listed under party designations. section . special questions. each special question to be voted upon at any election shall be printed on a separate ballot designated "special ballot." the substance of each proposal shall be clearly and fairly stated under an appropriate title as the council may determine. below each proposal in separate lines shall be the words "yes" and "no," each followed by a square. the elector shall vote by placing "x" in one of the squares. section . election officials. the council shall appoint such election-inspectors and other election offlciale as may be required by the general election law, none of whom shall be city officers, nor city em- ployes, nor candidates for office at that election, the first named in- spector being chairman, which inspectors shall conduct the election in ac- cordance with the law, and make proper returns thereof to the clerk. section . board of canvassers. the council shall be the board of canvassers for all elections. it shall meet on the first thursday after any election at eight o'clock p. m. and proceed to canvass the returns of such election and shall thereupon declare the result. the candidate re- ceiving the greatest number of votes for any office shall be declared elect- ed. in case of a tie vote for any office, the council shall decide by lot which of the persons who are tied shall be elected. a statement of such canvass shall be made and signed by the mayor and filed with the clerk who shall within three days make out and cause to be delivered to each person so elected a notice of such election. proposed city charter (i) departments. officers an d employes. the council shall determine from time to time what other departments, officers or em- ployese may be necessary for the proper and efficient conduct of the gov- ernment of the city. appointments to the places so designated shall foe made by the heads of the office in which service is to be rendered. all such employes shall be appointed and discharged in accordance with the provisions of the civil service ordinance provided for in section ( ). all officers and employes are such for the city of ann arbor and not of particular offices, although subject to orders from the head of the office in which they are classified. whenever an office is in need of extra assistance, employes may be transferred temporarily from one office to another b ythe council or by mutual consent of the heads of the offices effected. , (j) office hours. except by special authorization of the council the offices of the clerk, treasurer, assessor, health officer, and manager shall be open each week day except holidays from eight o'clock a. m. till five o'clock p. m. (k) bonds. the council may require any officer or employe to give a surety bond for a stated amount for the faithful performance of his duty, for the delivery to his successor in good condition of any books, papers oi property belonging to the city, and such other specific performances as may be named. the premium therefor shall be paid by the city all bonds except for clerk shall be filed with the clerk, and the bond of the clerk shall be filed with the treasurer. ( ) salaries. the council shall fix by resolution the salary or rate of compensation per month of every regular city official or employe other than the members of the council. it shall also fix the salary paid the justice of the peace and the clerk of the justice court. no change in the salary schedule shall be made except in connection with the prepara- tion of the annual budget. special or temporary employes shall receive such compensation as may be agreed upon by resolution of the council. all fees pertaining to any office the incumbent of which is paid a stated salary shall be returned by said officer into the city treasury. (m) contracts. no binding contract may be made by the citj with any person, firm, or corporation with which any city official or em- ployee is financially interested except when said person, firm, or corpora- tion secures the contract because of being the lowest competitive bidder therefor. (n) legal publication. the council shall advertise for bids for proposhd citt qhartbr clerk of washtenaw county respectively. section . date of effect* for the purpose of nominating and electing officers, and exercising the powers of the city as provided herein, this charter shall take effect immediately upon compliance with the pro- visions of section ( ) for the purpose of establishing departments, divisions, and offices and determing the functions thereof, and for all other purposes it shall take effect on the first day of november, . section . first election. the first election under this char- ter shall be held on monday october eighth, , at which time there shall be elected a council and a justice of the peace as provided for by the terms of the charter. the common council and the city clerk shall take the necessary steps to provide for nominations and election under the terms of this charter. section . organization of the council. the council elect- ed october eighth, shall meet for organization monday evening oct- ober fifteenth, at eight o'clock. section . meetings of the councile the council shall hold regular weekly meetings during the month of october, but no action taken shall be in effect till the first day of november . section . status of present officials. (a) the terms of office of the common council of the city of ann arbor, and the various officers and employes elected or appointed under the terms of the exist- ing charter and holding office on the date when the proposed charter goes into effect shall cease november first, . (b) the justices of the peace elected under the provisions of the exist- ing charter shall-hold office until the expiration of the terms for which they were elected. (c) the supervisors from the several wards of the city of ann arbor, who are in office at the time this charter goes into effect, shall hold office on the board of supervisors for the county of washtenaw until their suc- cessors are elected at the election held in april, ' . (d) the constables, who are in office in the city of ann arbor at the time this charter goes into effect, shall hold office until the first monday in april, , but nothing in this provision shall prohibit the council from making the appointment provided for in section ( ) of this charter which appointment shall he made in the first instance at the first meeting of the council in november, . section . transfer of records and propertt. all records and property of any form beloniring to the city of ann arbor in property of university of michigan libraries, artes scientia veritas social studies in the public schools of ann arbor, michigan grades: kindergarten, one and two published by board of education ann arbor, michigan lb .ag anni all rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. copyright , by board of education ann arbor, michigan revised edition, dedication this book is dedicated to the children of the ann arbor public schools in the hope that it may contribute to their happiness and well- being vi social studies in the public schools terials, therefore, assume an increasingly important place in such a program of work. the need for an adequate bibliography be- comes immediate and imperative. we are pleased to acknowledge the very great service which miss eloise ramsey of detroit teachers college rendered in the preparation of the bibliography. the bibliography for the second edition has been revised and en- larged by miss ramsey. miss ruth bristol, supervisor of the lower elementary grades of the ann arbor schools, has been directly in charge of the preparation of this course of study. this course is the result of the constancy of purpose and the leadership which she has ever evidenced. the text of the second edition has been revised considerably and new material has been added. respectfully, otto w. haisley, superintendent of schools vu social studies in the public schools that it should provide for the practice of the desirable per- sonal and social habits which are being built in the home and should in addition provide for the beginning of other habits of a positive social type. that while it is stimulating growth in power of social ad- justment it should also provide for growth in individuality. we believe: that the curriculum should be organized in terms of experiences. that these experiences integrate subject-matter and eliminate sharply drawn distinctions between the conventional school subjects. that such a curriculum is based upon the assumption that subjects of study as organized bodies of information should be the end point and not the beginning of an educative ex- perience. that within certain limits teachers and pupils should be given a large degree of freedom in choosing and organizing the particular unit experiences which they will enter into in any grade. that these experiences should be so chosen and arranged that participation in life on increasingly higher levels of achievement is possible. we believe: that an integrated course in the social studies in the elementary school will further the aim of education. that it will bring about a freer, more flexible organization of the elementary school. that it will furnish a core of rich life-experiences which will make meaningful many of the other school activities. that it will make possible a more significant and unified in- terpretation of the problems of social life which the child meets from day to day. that it will make more probable an intense and lasting learn- ing of many of the skills and facts which are considered tools for the successful solution of individual and group problems. that it will give greater opportunity for the growth in the child of the power to think independently and for mastery of the technique of problem solution. that it will give greater opportunity for the development of individuality. “there is one stage which has an automatic position in the series, and therefore dominates all the rest: the autocracy of priority. the primary school period is biologically the most important period in the development of an indi- vidual for the simple but sufficient reason that it comes first. coming in a dynamic sequence it inevitably influences all subsequent develop- ment. these years determine character, much as the foundation and frame determine a structure.” dr. arnold gesell contents chapter page introduction ....... i. educational values in terms of knowledges, and skills ...... appreciations, habits, ......... .................. ii. progression from grades kindergarten through first and second ........ . .... ....... ...... ........ ......... ......... ........... ou tabits ........ .......... iii. suggestions concerning method ....... a. how to plan for a project ...... ................... b. how to prepare a room for project work ............. c. how to launch a project ...................... how to carry on a project . building up ideas .................. . planning ............ . the importance of creative thinking and activity..... . discussion periods ....... . activity periods . · building good habits . building skill .. . building knowledge ................ . building appreciations and attitudes .. . playing with projects ........ . length of projects .. . use of pictures and objects ..... . culmination .......... . summary of points for teachers ....... e. time allotment .... . suggested program for grades ib and ia . suggested program for grades iib and iia f. how to evaluate various experiences ........ . criteria for appraisal of ( ) projects in general ( ) excursions ( ) discussion periods ( ) activity periods ....... хіі contents ..... : ......... iii. suggestions concerning method (continued) g. how to select projects ....... ....... . suggestions for selection of projects ................. . a partial list of possible projects and activities....... . a note on the bibliographies accompanying outlined projects ........... ......... . qutlined projects as developed in our classrooms... - ( ) store project .... ( ) playhouse project ........... ( ) train or boat project .. ( ) lumber yard project ( ) pet project ( ) dairy farm project ... ( ) chicken farm project .. ( ) valentine project .......... ( ) postal service project ............. ( ) fire project ( ) community project ......... ( ) work of people in and around ann arbor project ............. ( ) animal project ............... ......... ( ) farm project ....... ( ) nature project ...... . ( ) flower project ....... h. descriptions of projects ...... - .................. ......... social studies in the public schools impulses are, and what they are at each particular stage of the child's development, in order to know what to appeal to and what to build upon.” this book presents some suggestions as to method. these suggestions are the result of teaching experiences which indicate these procedures as wise. the actual projects described or sug- gested are few and only indicate the activities that have developed in some of our class rooms and are of the sort that seem to us to stimulate growth in the child. this growth must recognize the fact that in order to grow in any certain way the child must have exercise, practice, experience, along that line. for example, if he is to grow in initiative he must be placed in situations where his capacity for thinking active- ly about ways of doing things, and for carrying these plans into action is called forth. if he is to grow in industry and persistence he must carry on work that makes him want to work with in- dustry and persistence. if he is to grow in power to work and play harmoniously with others he must work out ways of shar- ing, helping others, and being helped himself, with some degree of independence and freedom . it is our belief that such activities as those suggested in this book do utilize the native instincts and impulses and the capacities of boys and girls in the kindergarten, first and second grades, and that consequently they are valuable in stimulating the education of those boys and girls. “to make a good school we have merely to create a school environment that sets off the impulse to action and the tendency to self-assertion in legitimate activities. more concretely, we can place in the schoolhouse simple toys and apparatus of various kinds for physical exercise, sand, clay, wood, paper, and other material, with simple tools of various kinds, and in another room implements for drawing, paper cutting, and the like, books and paper, maps and the necessary tools for different scholastic activ- ities; and then, if we place in these rooms a teacher who can re- press his own tendency to self-assertion and act as guide and giv- er of suggestions to the children and who has the higher gift of organizing school groups so that the stimulus of the group sets off these determining tendencies in legitimate behavior, we have the essentials for a good school. in such a school, with the doing of suitable tasks, training can be given in the facing of difficulties and the taking of responsibility.” introduction "on the other hand, the equipment for a poor school is also easily furnished. to begin with, barren school rooms, an ungraded group of children, made up of those of different physiological mental, scholastic, and social ages, as well as different chronological age; there may be added a teacher who is at once martinet and pedant, and more able to assert than to provide opportunity for the legitimate self-assertion and self-activity of his pupils, or, more concretely, a teacher who can make rules in regard to all details of the school work, of which each one is likely to be a stimulus to touch off the pupil's tendency for self-assertion in breaking the rule.” dr. william burnham “the normal mind.” p. - . the books and periodicals listed should be available for teach- ers interested in developing activity programs. blaisdell, thomas f.: ways to teach english. doubleday, . browne, corinne: creative drama in the lower school. appleton, . burke, agnes and others: a conduct curriculum for the kindergarten and first grade; with an introd. by patty smith hill. scribner, . chubb, percival: festivals and plays. harper, . the teaching of english. macmillan, rev. ed. . coleman, satis n.: creative music in the home; il. by drawings and photographs. myers, dixon, c. madeleine: children are like that!; il. by ruth hambidge. day, . the francis parker school studies in education. vols, i, ii, iii, iv, and v. francis parker school, chicago. , , , , and . gardner, emelyn e. and ramsey, eloise: a handbook of children's · literature. jennings, herbert s. and others: suggestions of modern science con- cerning education. macmillan, . mathias, margaret : beginnings of art in the elementary school. scrib- ner, . merrill, john and fleming, martha: play-making and plays. macmil- lan, . mitchell, lucy sprague: here and now story book. dutton, . swift, edgar: the psychology of childhood. appleton, . thorn, alice g.: music for young children. scribner, . tippet, james s., and others: curriculum making in the elementary school. ginn, . the following magazines should be available for teachers : childhood education, th street, n. w. washington, d. c. educational method, bureau of publications. teachers college, columbia university. elementary english review, official organ of the national council of teachers of english, vicksburg avenue, de- troit, michigan. progressive education, progressive education association, wash- ington, d. c. chapter i educational values in terms of apprecia- tions, habits, knowledges, and skills. a. appreciations and attitudes. the appreciations and attitudes which children should ac- quire as a result of experience with these projects may be sum- marized as follows: . a growing appreciation for the industry and work of the peo- ple who carry on the work of the world. . a growing appreciation for the interdependence of people. . a growing appreciation of the child's need for other people and their need for him. . a growing satisfaction in creative, industrious effort on his own part. . a growing appreciation of the value of careful, neat work. . a growing appreciation for the desirability of keeping a work room and cupboards, including tools, in good order. . a growing appreciation for the kindly, sympathetic help of the teacher. . a growing appreciation for the possibilities of materials and tools, particularly those suited for the working out of his own ideas. . a growing satisfaction in finding the answers to questions aroused in one's mind, which is the basis for the formation of the habit of study. b. habits. . the mental habits which these projects should help to stimu- late are: a. a growing habit of working with a clear, specific pur- pose in mind. b. a growing habit of analyzing problems or lining up the things that have to be accomplished. c. a growing habit of concentrating on a problem. educational values to alcoho, a glass of example, damp cloth to keep fingers clean, and to use brush or stick, keeping fingers out of paste. a growing habit in using paint, to clean box after using. f. a growing habit in using brushes, of caring for different kinds of brushes properly. for example, water color brushes should be put in a glass of water after work, shel- lac brushes into alcohol, paint brushes into turpentine. time should be taken at each lesson to see that children remember these details and carry them out exactly. g. a growing habit of keeping all things in their places. . knowledge that these projects build up. a project should give children a large amount of new infor- mation about subjects which are of interest and value to them. more care needs to be taken in choosing subject matter for children in these grades because of the lack of experience of the children and their consequent lack of understanding. such studies as dr. hall's content of children's minds on entering school, indicate the limited scope of their information. one of the most glaring instances of unsuitable subject matter is the use of the so-called “first thanksgiving.” the pilgrims have been perhaps most sinned against when they have been thus introduced into the kindergarten, first and second grades. all that makes the story of the pilgrims significant is utterly outside a young child's experience. in the absence of further knowledge as to just when children are able to profit from subject-matter that deals with experiences which cannot be direct but must be made by means of books, pic- tures, descriptions and objects, we are keeping closely within the immediate environment of ann arbor for our subject-matter in the lower elementary grades. . skills that these projects should develop. these projects stimulate the development of skills in read- ing and the other regularly recognized school skills, as well as skill in art, manual activities, and in independent planning of activities. . physical and motor development that these projects should stimulate. to say that the proper development of the child's physical and motor growth is of the utmost importance seems axiomatic. there is direct evidence of the bad effect upon emotional and social life of improper motor development. children who use their legs, chapter ii progression from kindergarten through first and second grades there are four rather well defined stages in the development of projects in which progression from kindergarten through the second grades takes place, and which should be evident in the de- velopment of all projects. a. first, a gradual change from a maximum of individual in- terests and a minimum of group interests through a compara- tively equal balance of individual and group interests, to a maximum of group interests and a minimum of individual interests, generally takes place. the kindergarten, first and second grades illustrate these three stages fairly well. second, there is an increasing interest in detail. if a kinder- garten group visits a railroad station, they will see certain outstanding activities and will talk about, illustrate, and dramatize them on their return. a first grade group will see much more detail and their expression will show this clear- ly. a second grade group will put still more detail into every form of expression attempted. their discussion will be more detailed and intelligent and will embrace a larger vocabulary. this increasing attention to detail will usually mean that a project will occupy attention and interest for a longer time. for this reason more detail is suggested in the actual length of second grade projects than is suggested for the first grade. third, children should gain markedly in skill as they pass along from the kindergarten through the first to the second grade. greater skill in reading, writing, language, use of number, and use of materials and tools should be evident in all of their work. fourth, children should be acquiring a large number of new concepts in their work and should evidence this in their play with these projects. all work should include new concepts in an increasing number and breadth. chapter iii suggestions concerning method a. how to plan for a project. . how projects arise. this is a question that troubles many teachers. they have been made to feel that real projects should never come from the teacher, that they must come from the children. it is true that the teacher who secures the co- operation of the children whom she teaches is the one who is extremely sensitive to the desires and proposals of children. undoubtedly there are cases where an activ- ity suggested by the children will be of more value to that group at that time than the one planned by the teach- er would be. the teacher needs to be on the alert for such · instances and willing to put aside for the present, a plan into which she has put real effort and thought. it is good for children to feel that school is a place in which they may carry out their own ideas. when we consider what remarkable things children do when they enjoy the freedom that results in the full expression of their own ideas, it is surprising that we do not more often place con- fidence in their thinking. however, many of the purposes of the school must orig- inate with the teacher. the teacher should be acquainted with the children's interests in a broad, sympathetic way, and should also have clear pictures in her own mind of the values and joys that any experience is likely to realize. how to select a project. if the teacher needs to select a project, she should proceed as follows: a. ask herself the following questions: ( ) is there a worthwhile activity that would seem naturally to follow what we have been doing ? ( ) do the children need a new and quite different experience that will stimulate new interest and effort ? suggestions concerning method ii ( ) is a group project desirable at this time? will small group individual creative activities be suitable? is a combination of these activities needed at the present stage ? b. help the children to choose a project that offers them experiences that promise the greatest satisfaction as well as growth for them. c. prepare to make the project interesting and vital by arranging for excursions, preparing stories to tell, finding material for the children to read, finding verse asociated with the activity, and finding objects of interest. d. read descriptions of projects and examine available lists of materials equipment, and books. b. how to prepare the room for project work. the room should be so arranged as to offer materials, books, and tools to children in the ways most likely to invite them to do something. it should be bright and attractive to them, which means color, variety, and things that offer op- portunity for activity. materials, tools, and books should be easily accessible. for the sake of accessibility, open shelves are most prac- tical. there should be an exact place for each thing, so that it may be always returned to that place. things that go to- gether should be placed together. for example, all of the materials and tools that are used for clay-modelling, all of the materials and tools used for pasting, for painting, and for other activities should be grouped. the room should pre- sent a neat, orderly appearance. for this reason it should be simple, and useless objects should be eliminated. there should be a few objects of beauty, such as brightly colored curtains, a really beautiful picture, a big, colorful vase or jar, but very little else. a small amount of children's work should be arranged in an attractive way and changed fre- quently. in general, the environment of school rooms is con- fusing because they are cluttered with a too great vari- ety of things. when necessary children should be allowed to move about, observe other children at work and view the possibil- ities. it is almost impossible for a young child to form a pur- pose in the absence of material things, for the things help to stimulate the purpose. suggestions concerning method know about? what are they like? the teacher may write the names of these animals on the board as the children mention them. if this type of ap- proach is educationally profitable, the conversation must be managed informally, so that the children talk freely. d. the approach may take the form of telling or read- ing of a story or a poem, the showing of pictures, or the reading of a story together with a proposal that it be dramatized by the group. sometimes the pro- cess of getting ready for a dramatization may draw in all the educational activity desirable and furnish all the reasons for it. . selecting the approach that is suitable: in this curriculum several possible approaches to each subject are suggested, because individual dif- ferences require many modes of attack and many angles from which to look at a subject. not many of them would be used by a single group in complete form. but the teacher who is familiar with the ma- terial assembled should be able to make any one of them interesting and vital, because of her own wide acquaintance with the possibilities. any one ap- proach in itself might constitute a completely satis- fying experience for some child. other children might enjoy several of them carefully related. choos- ing an approach depends upon knowing the interests of a particular group. we are not recommending one approach more than another. in the light of our experience with children, we have assembled a number of various types of approach from which a teacher may gather fresh suggestions for new modes of attack. there is no one best way of approaching a subject with all children. any one of the suggested approaches will probably fail if handled dogmatically. the best approach is the one that comes from some child or children. frequently the problem is one of seeing an approach that already exists and consequently does not have to be brought about by the teacher. social studies in the public schools how to carry on a project. . building up ideas: after the approach has been made, experiences are necessary in order to build up a background out of which ideas for the development of the project will come. if the teacher thinks of this stage as a building-up time and uses all the resources at her command to help the children get ideas, they will come more naturally into a period of expression. impression and expression move together, but expression can only come out of genuine impressions and is ruined by over-urging. excursions, pictures, ob- jects, talks by children who have had experience—all these help in building up ideas. . planning: when purposes begin to form, children are ready to plan. primary children can attain real growth in their ability to organize ideas, if making plans is regularly a part of their experience. it should be done in a simple way making use of their own words. if these plans are written on a large chart, which may be hung in front of the group, the plans may be referred to during the prog- ress of the activity and thus be of value in helping the child to realize the association between what he is doing and his growing power to read, as well as a means of actually learning to read certain words and sentences. as has been suggested, making plans may not only help the child to organize his thinking, but it may con- tribute to his learning to read. the first grade teacher may write a word or two or a phrase or two on the black- board in connection with the work. for example, when children are planning to make dolls and furniture, the words "doll", "bed", "chair" may be written on the board, or on a large plain sheet and referred to in the planning and in later work. in the second grade, the plans may be much longer and involve more reading. oral or written plans preceding work are not always wise in the lower grades. many times especially in the development of individual projects, young children can only get their ideas as they see materials and have first hand experience with them, these unifying projects offer every opportunity for individual choice of activity and hence have the advantage suggestions concerning method of placing the child in situations where he voluntarily undertakes a share in group work. most children are very serious in assuming responsibilities of this kind and therefore acquire valuable experience in interdependence when they bend their energies toward accomplishing a piece of cooperative work. since children should feel that school is a place in which to form and carry out purposes, the materials and tools should be at hand and the teacher should offer stim- ulating encouragement so that individuals will plan and carry out activities of their own, quite apart from the room projects. reading should be drawn into the child's activities whenever possible; first, because reading is more mean- ingful when connected with daily interests; second, be- cause frequent short practice periods in reading make for more complete learning. children should think through assignments of work, and carry them through for specific reasons. "john should be the leader in doing this because he will do it best.” “david should manage this because he needs ex- perience in managing.” “we will all help him learn what to do." comments and suggestions of this kind help children to get under way with the execution of plans. . the importance of creative thinking and activity: one of the chief motives in preparing this curricu- lum is that each child should be offered ample opportunity to express creatively the ideas which come to him dur- ing the course of his work. all children are not equally able to think and act creatively, but every bit of this power which each one possesses should be devel- oped. very young children begin to express their own interpretations of the meanings that come to them and if they are encouraged and provided with materials will amaze observers with their creative power. before the child is spoiled by the criticisms, directions, and patterns of the adult, he is willing to try to give expression to his ideas through any medium. this was true of one little four-year-old, who entered one of our kindergar- tens. the room was delightfully pleasant to her, a place where one participated in all sorts of experiences. no social studies in the public schools fears inhibited her. when singing was suggested, she said, “i'll sing !" when stories were being told she said eagerly, “i'll tell a story!" when blocks, crayons, or clay came into sight she was eager to be at work experimenting. if one has seen the vivid characterization that will result when the child is free to express his own ideas of a man, or any other person or object it is hard to understand why adults give children stiff, in- artistic figures to copy or color. a collection of the drawings of five-year-olds is far more interesting than any collection that an average teacher could possibly produce. children who have been forced to draw around figures made by adults may lose that power to work cre- atively which all normal children seem to have. the sensible teacher is the one who provides the child with materials with which to express ideas; paper, crayons, scissors, paint, clay, wood, cloth, needle, and blocks; pro- vides him also with constantly expanding experiences that help to illuminate life; provides him with time in which to express the ideas that his experiences have given him; and supplies him also with that freedom from crit- icism that is so necessary a condition for the realization of creative expression. criticism begun too soon in- hibits effort through introducing that fear of being wrong which is the surest road toward being wrong. the child who loses himself in the creative expression of the ideas which his experiences have given him is unafraid, sin- cere, and self-critical, and seeks suggestions when he is ready to use them. putting ideas and feelings into some form of one's own clarifies them, makes them more intelligible to the in- dividual, and hence makes him better able to use the knowledge and the power gained during this experience in other ways. an idea is never one's own until it is expressed in one's own way. the individual who uses his powers to create is giving expression to the best that is in him; he is realizing his potentialities, and is con- tributing to social progress as fully as he is able. the young child is forming his habits of work. if he is taught to lean,—to copy, he will learn permanently to work in that way. he will lose his power to be original. suggestions concerning method we wish to help all children grow creatively to the full- est extent of their abilities. mrs. cain, an artist herself and director of art at the walden school, new york city, describes so vivid- ly a case in which fear predominated that to quote her would probably be the most helpful way of making this point clear: “an obstacle that i have met in new pupils un- accustomed to the school is fear; fear of failure so that they sometimes will not even make a trial. there was one girl who had painted her first picture, a study of a jar of flowers, and now she was sitting in front of a blank canvass evidently desirous of plunging into some- thing entirely her own. i remember sitting next to her, talking about it. she said, i can't paint.' and i said, 'what would you paint if you could paint very well?' an idea evidently came to her like a flash, for her face lit up and she began describing very rapidly a scene she had observed recently. a gray sea and sky, a sandy beach, and a little old woman on the beach all alone, looking out to sea. it must have made a strong impression upon her because the description came so clearly and with intense feeling. i said, 'well, where would you put the edge of the beach ?' her hand made a quick line. 'and where would the sky and sea meet?' she drew another quick line. “and the old woman?' i asked. “but i can't draw an old woman with a shawl.' so i volunteered to pose. i drew a sweater over my head and shoulders like a shawl and turned my back. she sketched it in roughly and thanked me. i left her and without further help she finished the painting. an exceedingly fine thing it was, full of the sense of sea, grayness and loneliness. it was only her second painting, but the feeling she had about the scene carried her over the problems she met on the way. she forgot her fears.” this is an example of sympathetic and rare teaching insight. it brought out the child's best in a way that was appropriate for the older child. this same way of working would not in its entirety be appropriate to the younger children. the lower grade child does not draw or paint from the object, for he draws from his mental image of the object. it would confuse him to continue social studies in the public schools begin with a subject close to them; perhaps dogs, games, or the circus. if the children are enjoying an experience they will have a hundred things to talk over. habits of courtesy must, of course, be maintained. see habits, chap. i, p. . time. it is important that children in the lower grades have as much opportunity as is possible to talk about things in which they are interested. this talking should occur when they are full of something to say and the period should be adjusted accordingly. in ad- dition to the many suitable times, it is often helpful to have a discussion period early monday morning. usually the children have had experiences over the week end that they are eager to talk about. they need also to make plans for their work of the week. it is good training in the organization of plans to help children think through the work they wish to accomplish during any given time. a discussion period is sometimes needed in the midst of activities for the sake of securing some needed behavior or helping with work. early in an experience frequent short discussions are helpful. for example, early in the year when the children are ready to put the room in order after the activity period, it will be very help- ful to them to sit in a group and talk over all that needs to be done. one child, or the teacher, may show just where things need to be placed. since this period should be placed in relationship to all the other activities it should be set as needed; sometimes it may come first, sometimes it may occur after the activity period, or at another more suitable time. subject matter. since the important thing for the children is to discuss those things about which they will talk easily, naturally, and enthusiastically, their own experiences furnish the best subject-matter. the fact that chil- dren need to learn how to talk well in these lower grades can scarcely be over emphasized, when one sees how very poorly children in the upper grades often express themselves. let them talk about things d. suggestions concerning method that they are full of, and, in the beginning, do not be troubled if their subjects lack all unity and wan- der from our ride in the country in grandmother's new. automobile, to uncle dan's dog, and our cat. if they are planning a trip, the important thing as in all discussions, is that the children do the greater part of the thinking and talking. this discussion should awaken interest and arouse questions. criticism the same rules that were given under the discussion of creative development p. apply here. in general criticism inhibits the expression that is the purpose of the activity. corrections should be incidental and great care should be taken in making them. e. . activity periods. a. activities that may occur. individual or group activities in which there is value are: ( ) creative expression of all kinds. ( ) making things with materials and tools not necessarily creative. making costumes, properties, and other things needed for a play, an assembly, or a festival program. dramatizing an experience or a story. ( ) carrying on nature activities. ( ) examining objects, pictures, or books. ( ) gathering ideas in other ways. ( ) cleaning up or putting in order materials and tools. ( ) excursions of all kinds. b. materials. materials should be easily accessible and so far as possible plainly seen by the children. the materi- als often provoke the purpose in the young child's mind. the child's purpose may even take form after he begins work. he does not think easily in the ab- sence of materials. children should be given time to look about and form a purpose thoughtfully. social studies in the public schools example: two kindergarten teachers demanded a purpose of each child as he entered the kindergarten. "what are you going to do?”—“and you?” the children glanced hastily around and each one grabbed at a purpose. “paint !” “draw !” “build !" these exclamations implied lack of, rather than formation of purpose. c. experimentation. when the child goes to work with materials it is best to let him work experimentally, manipulating things and discovering possibilities. let him make what he will with paint, scissors, paste, blocks, cloth, clay. the teacher may move about making sug- gestions, or she may take materials and work with them herself. the big thing is to get the child to try to do something and to find joy in his own ef- fort. in this beginning stage it is, therefore, usual- ly best not to introduce any definite project, such as playing house or fire station. this should be a period for child-purposing, when the chief object is to pro duce an environment in which children will form purposes and use their own initiative and ability in carrying them out. for this reason it should be pos- sible for them to do almost anything that does not interfere with the activities of others; playing house or fire, playing a story or play with or without cos- tumes and properties; looking at books; conversa- tions with a schoolmate or with the teacher; carrying on a nature activity with animals or plants; or other worthy activity. d. manual activities not necessary. boys and girls in the kindergarten, first and sec- ond grades are tremendously interested in things that they can do with their hands. consequently, the great majority of their projects include handwork of some kind. it is not necessary, however, that hand- work always be included. for example, a valuable experience with the fire department may consist of excursions, discussions, reading experiences, stories, and dramatizations. the process of making fire wag- ons, fire houses, and other equipment will not neces- sarily be included in the experience. -- -- . --- suggestions concerning method e. beauty, order and attractiveness. a grocery store, a playhouse, or any other large project may be attractive or it may look like a color- less, disorganized jumble. teachers need to lend their efforts toward adding bright-colored awnings, flowers or color, neat arrangements, and order so that the classroom affords the child a constant stimulus toward orderly behavior and work. there is always a danger, however, in these grades of working for an adult standard of perfection and consequently los- ing in childish enthusiasm and eager work. . building good habits. a. the teacher's part. every effort should be made to establish good habits. the wise kindergarten-primary teacher real- izes the importance of her work in helping the young child to build up as many good habits as possible, and in helping him to form as few bad ones as possible. he is in the most plastic stage of his development when good habits are easily established, but when bad ones are just as readily formed. he is building a great foundational network of good and bad habits. the teacher needs to be thoroughly conversant with all that is known about the development of habit, and to use her knowledge with the utmost intelligence and patience. ( ) make what is meant by desirable behavior very clear, specific, and emphatic in the child's mind. ( ) secure the child's cooperation in trying to form the habit desired. ( ) allow no exceptions to occur. the schoolroom should be conducted on the first day and during the first hour as it is wise for it to continue. the teacher who never forgets the necessity for desirable habits, but works resolutely and patiently, kindly and hap- pily for them from the beginning, will have her re- ward in a schoolroom of happy, busy, orderly, con- siderate children. ( ) make unusual reminders, such as slogans, record charts, motioning or pointing, joking. vary them constantly. suggestions concerning method contributed their part toward a very happy and interest- ing visit. one farmer exceeded possible expectations by presenting each child with a small pumpkin. although the red tomatoes, bright carrots, yellow squash, rosy ap- ples and gay flowers all appealed to the children, noth- ing in the farmers' loads attracted as much attention as the court house with its four long flights of steps and its clock with four faces standing in the middle of the market square. when the children got back to their class room, the first thing they proceeded to do was to build the court house. then they made trucks and wagons, vegetables, fruit and flowers. they played market that first day and their eagerness to make things for their market seemed to result directly from their play and made those of us who were observing feel quite definitely that the playing provided the impulse to further activity. from that day on we realized that play is the natural accompaniment and in fact the driving force in the de- velopment of any project, that it is wholly adult to com- plete the making of things to play with before we play and robs a project of its greatest reason for spreading and developing ii. length of projects. since adults have a longer span of attention and interest than children, they are likely to push projects for a longer period than is of value to the child. if the teacher's interest constitutes the sole motive force, the experience will lose the educational values which it should have. it should not be continued beyond the point of the children's enthusiasm. however, teachers should realize that the degree of interest and enthusiasm they show greatly influences the children and that frequently pupil-interest dies because of the teacher's lack of interest and effort. this is so true that it is fair to question the teacher's ability and atti- tude when she says, “my children were not interested." the teacher must be prepared to help make each pro- ject thoroughly interesting while it lasts. if the span of interest happens to be short, then it must be as rich and full as possible while it continues. if the interest of the children holds until a festival or an exhibit is the cul- social studies in the public schools mination, then the teacher needs to command a wealth of resources in the way of background in order to satisfy alert, eager pupils. . uses of pictures and objects. pictures and objects are most helpful when they are used to suggest ideas and not as material to imitate. the wise teacher takes care that the children see many pictures and objects, but that when they go to work these pictures and objects are not placed in the foreground of their attention. . culmination. by culmination we mean the winding-up of a pro- ject. it would be unwise to hold that a project must always close with some unified expression. frequently, however, a dramatization, a festival, an assembly, an ex- hibit, a fair, or some other such form of activity serves to direct and give reason to much of the work and hence make it all more valuable. . summary of points for teachers. it is the teacher's part: a. to provide and create experiences the environment should be constantly expanded and enriched by all the valuable experiences that the teacher's ingenuity can devise. b. to stimulate and encourage initiative and create ef- fort in the children. c. to help patiently and constantly in the development of worthy attitudes, habits, skills, and knowledges. d. to realize that developing child-initiative and inde- pendence requires more and not less of the teacher's attention, even though that attention be concerned with observation. e. to help children at the psychological moment, not so early as to stop creative effort, nor so late as to fail to keep them from loss of interest and effort. f. to learn how to be a partner rather than a director. suggestions concerning method - e. time allotment. . . suggested program for grades ib and ia. first period: free play, work and conversation approximately building with blocks minutes playing store, fire, postman, or other rep- to resentative play. talking to teacher and to each other looking at books making things caring for plants or pets other free, purposeful activity toilet time. : help in gelees that each, that he second period: approximately minutes to : discussion of plans for morning and help in getting to work. teacher sees that each child has a num- ber of quiet activities that he may en- gage in while she is teaching other indi- viduals. . making picture books-illustrated by child's own drawings or by pictures cut from magazines or books, prefer- ably about one subject—“animals," “pets”, “children”, “automobiles”, "trains”, “boats.” . modelling, painting, cutting, sewing. . making and dressing dolls. . playing with puzzles. . working with reading or number games. . other purposeful quiet activity. third period: approximately minutes reading. while the entire group are engaged in such activities as mentioned above the teacher helps children with their reading. this teaching may be both group and in- dividual. to : social studies in the public schools fourth period: approximately minutes to : physical play. if possible a period of vigorous out-of- door play. toilet time. fifth period: approximately minutes literature and language. such activities as the following. listening to stories and poems. telling stories or repeating poems. “making up” stories and poems. playing stories and poems. planning assemblies and festivals. ii: clean up room. get ready to go home. reminders! sixth period: approximately minutes to i : afternoon first period: approximately minutes to : discussion, play period, and activities period. conversation and discussion of plans. excursions trips to other rooms to see their work. exhibits of work for mothers or other children. play with projects that are going on in room. making things for projects. creative work and play. (reading and number games, puzzles and other quiet activities needed for reading time when children need to be quiet should not be used for activities period.) toilet period and thorough clean up of cupboards, drawers, room in general. social studies in the public schools drill—words, phrases, sentences on flash cards, (work with a partner.) drill closely associated with the reading of that day. making books—ilustrated by child or by pictures cut from magazines. studying spelling. studying arithmetic. playing arithmetic games. painting. clay modelling toilet period. vigorous play-out-of-doors if possible. third period: approximately minutes to : fourth period: approximately minutes to : fifth period: approximately minutes to : arithmetic. concrete life problems with teacher. these problems should utilize arithme- tic experiences that are a natural part of the child's life. probably best arrangement is for the teacher to work with one small group while others study or drill each other on combinations or other needed work. literature, language, and dramatic activ- ities. listening to stories and poems. telling stories or repeating poems. “making up” stories or poems. reading for one's self. playing stories or poems. discussing experiences. planning and preparing assemblies or fes- tivals. last minute drills to fix learnings of morning. clean up room. sixth period: approximately minutes to : social studies in the public schools f. how to evaluate various experiences . criteria for appraisal of projects in general. a. a project should have real meaning and specific val- ue for the children. b. a project should give children a large amount of new information about subjects which are of interest and value to them. a project should be developed by the children and the teacher in a way such as to offer each child all possible opportunity to form purposes, initiate and create, think critically, act cooperatively and develop habits, appreciations, needed skills, and knowledge needed in working effectively, joyously and intelli- gently. a project should be developed in ways that enable the child to use the skills he already possesses and to develop the new ones he needs in ways likely to in- crease the value and meaning of such skills in the child's eyes. e. a project should contribute towards a better un- derstanding, on the part of the child, of the life going on about him outside the school. a project should contribute towards a more intelli- gent appreciation of man's work, interests and in- terdependences, both past and present. g. a project should promote growth on the part of the child physically, intellectually, scientifically, aesthet- ically and morally. h. a project should awaken curiosity and act as a spur to the child's endeavor so that he will be looking for- ward to future purposes and responsibilities. . criteria for appraisal of excursions. a. do you have at least two excursions in a month? b. do the children behave courteously and intelligently on excursions ? c. do you discuss safety and courtesy rules with the children before leaving the building ? do you work out a definite form of behavior before leaving the building ? do you have a discussion before going, when such a discussion would awaken curiosities and help the children to see more than they otherwise would see? dept. of physical education for women barbour gymnasium suggestions concerning method s e. do you have a discussion of what was seen, after you return, when such a conversation seems desir- able? are the children too fatigued after the trip to talk profitably? is the discussion started by the teacher? why is discussion started by the children better? are excursions looked forward to and referred back to in significant ways by the children? do children suggest excursions ? do you have several excursions sometimes in the working out of one project ? do they want to make return trips to find answers to their questions? . discussion periods. a. are the children seated close together? b. is every child quiet and attentive to the person talk- ing ? c. is the period short enough for children of kinder- garten-primary age? (note. if the children grow restless, the subject does not interest them or the period is too long.) d. do the children talk to one another? (note. the teacher should be a member of the group and be addressed as such. the conversation or discussion should not consist of children making remarks to the teacher. in order to break this hab- it, it is sometimes necessary for the teacher to sit at the back of the group.) do a majority of the children talk during the per- iod? do the children show indications of genuine interest in the subject? is this shown by eagerness to talk, to ask questions, and shown by alert expressions and absorption ? g. is the program so arranged that children can talk when they are full of something to say? (note. kindergarten-primary children cannot hold ideas and interests as long as older children. it is important that they should talk in order to develop language skill, therefore, periods of talking should occur, if possible, when the children talk most spon- taneously.) n-primary older child to developa se skilat they as long ary chil say: social studies in the public schools h. are the children growing in ability to talk about one subject ? (note. it is natural for them to have short, indi- vidual, somewhat scattered thoughts. the best way to help them grow into an ability to stick to a sub- ject is not usually to crush out other ideas, but to try to give them such a vivid experience that they naturally grow in power to stick longer to the sub- ject.) . activity period. a. general criteria. ( ) do the children play with things they have made, such as stores, post offices, churches, playhouses, and farms ? ( ) do they have freedom of movement ? ( ) do they have activity ? ( ) is joy evident in their activities? ( ) is there freedom from strain ? ( ) are the problems within the child's ability to solve? ( ) is the organization within the child's power to work out? ( ) is there conversation and discussion resulting from genuine experience and thought provok- ing situations ? ( ) do children have opportunities to act cooper- atively with leaders ? ( ) do the children have opportunities to act as leaders ? ( ) do the majority of the children use all of the materials at some time during the year? do they develop some skill in using wood and tools, paste, crayons, and in sewing ? ( ) do you succeed in getting many of the group to express creative ideas ? do you succeed in getting many to work creatively when a sug- gestion has been made ? ( ) how many children imitate the ideas and work of others? do many have to be directed ? ( ) are the children happy and free, laughing and talking but always controlled and never in- dulging in rude boisterous behavior ? suggestions concerning methol vb. organization of activity period. ( ) do groups form in the most natural manner, associated by the purposes that are absorbing them? (note. this would seem to imply varying conditions. sometimes an entire group may be working on a farm, playhouse, or post office project. on the second or following days, in the development of a project certain individu- als may acquire purposes or interests that they should be allowed to carry out. on these days a group may be working on the class project, a group may be interested in working with clay, and all the others may be carrying out individual interests, making boats, dolls, pic- tures, or any other objects interesting to them.) ( ) do all children get experience as leaders with increasing responsibilities, so that they are growing in power as leaders ? ( ) do all children have experience in cooperating with leaders, and is time allowed for the dis- cussion of intelligent cooperation and its val- ues to them ? : do all children need to take turns and share materials and tools, and are these situations actually helping them toward thoughtful, un- selfish behavior ? ( ) v c. hygiene of activity period. ( ) are the children engaged in work and play that keeps them physically active, such as bending, walking, lifting, pounding, carrying, sawing, standing zitting, are the children joyously absorbed in the ac- tivity ? are there signs of strain, worry, or fear? ( ) is the air fresh and moving ? ( ) is the floor clean and free from dust? (note: it is natural as breathing for young children to work and play on the floor. the floors of all kindergarten-primary rooms should be cleaned carefully and often.) ( ) social studies in the public schools d. subject of work in activity period. ( ) is every child either engaged in carrying out a purpose which he has undertaken, or is he engaged in activities that will probably help him to acquire a new purpose ? for example, is he looking at other children at work, looking at objects or books, or talking with children or teacher ? ( ) is every opportunity and incentive afforded each child to form and express creative ideas? is every effort made to expose children to new objects, places, pictures, and books, likely to provoke purposes ? v e. habits during activity period. ( ) do the children share equipment, tools and ma- another? ( ) do the children share equipment, tools and ma- terials generously and pleasantly? do the children spontaneously take the teacher as partner, asking her help and suggestions in addition to their own judgments ? are there suitable places for all materials and tools to let the children have access indepen- dently in getting out and returning things to their places ? ( ) do children learn to care for materials and tools? do they clean brushes properly, put away and keep in condition clay and paste, and clean up paint boxes and other articles ? ( ) are they growing in the ability to do these things independently? do they on the first day learn to use materials and tools in the neatest and most orderly way? do they grow in working neatly? do they grow from week to week in degrees of skill in their work? (note: since the matter of first importance in kindergarten-primary is to arouse purposes and encourage creative ideas, it is, therefore, unwise to over-emphasize skill when that in- duces fear likely to inhibit expression. here the teacher has a difficult balance to maintain.) suggestions concerning method ( ) f. reading activities connected with social studies. ( ) does the group work out a plan for any new project they are undertaking ? do you print or write their plans in a simple way so that they can read them and hence be helped in the acquisition of reading skill? ( ) do you have either children's plans or descrip- tions of children's experiences composed by children mimeographed so that they may make illustrated booklets ? do you make any seat work connected with social studies, such as “yes-no" questions, riddles and “fill in right word”? do your children make individual stories and poems as a result of their social studies ex- periences ? do your children bring in from home or li- brary, books connected with subjects discussed in school? do they suggest reading certain books, poems, or stories ? ( ) do they exhibit signs of interest in reading books at home that the school project has stim- ulated ? g. how to select projects. . suggestions for selection of projects this curriculum is meant to be suggestive in its gen- eral character. projects that have proved to possess value and interest for children are suggested in the following list. no teacher is expected to attempt all the projects that are described. any teacher having a new project to propose may carry it out if it is approved by the su- pervisor. since the enthusiasm of the teacher toward the ac- tivity is a very necessary condition, we have tried to in- clude enough projects so that the teacher may not need to repeat immediately a project she has just carried through. if the teacher is tired of a particular project its immediate repetition is not likely to be successful. we ask that the first grade teachers select none of the second grade projects for two reasons: first, the projects have been selected on the basis of suitability to suggestions concerning method ( ) cloth for room, curtains, shoe bags. for the playhouse curtains, aprons, table cloths, sheets, com- forts costumes for plays and festivals weaving ( ) paint stories: personal, imaginative social studies expression scenery ( ) books poetry, illustrated songs story “my own book" picture book by subjects: animals, transpor- tation, and other subjects book of personal experience paper cutting and tearing stories of experience, imagination, and illus- tration vegetables, pets, transportation or other sub- jects provoked by experience. c. dramatization ( ) properties ( ) costumes d. festivals and special days ( ) room decoration ( ) table decoration (note: nothing should be purchased for special occasions. these celebrations and events offer opportunities for children's activities,) personal decoration hats boutonnieres shields ( ) social studies in the public schools * . a note on the bibliographies accompanying outlined pro- jects. the bibliography is arranged in three general di- visions : i. informational material ii. illustrative material iii. literature the first two of the three general divisions is or- ganized in two sections: a. for the children b. for the teacher a star (*) before a reference indicates that the material is interesting and attractive for the children but probably too difficult for them to read for themselves. such material may be presented to them by the teacher. this may not be true with all children, but it represents what seems to be true generally concerning their read- ing abilities. under the heading, informational material, are list- ed the references that are definitely factual in character. the references under b, for the teacher, include a num- ber of books in which general information may be gath- ered as well as some books which may be used with the children. under illustrative material, are listed references for material generally illustrative in character. it may be supplemented by the picture collections available for cir- culation in the ann arbor public schools. outlined projects as developed in our classrooms project: the store possible approaches . the teacher may ask the children what errands they do for mother. this question may bring about a discussion of stores and buying and selling. . the teacher may invite the class to visit a store with her to see what a grocery man has to do; what kind of a man he has to be to have a store that people like; where he secures his groceries; what he sells, and so on. *the bibliographies have been prepared by eloise ramsey, detroit teachers college social studies in the public schools the store should be made by using things that will bring a quick result: empty cartons, boxes, and cans, but it should be made to look as attractive as possible, neat, with clean papers, and perhaps a striped awning or interesting de- tails such as telephone, show cases, posters, and advertisements. c. buying, selling and carrying on business of store. d. re-visiting stores to find out other things we need to know. e. discussing our store critically with an idea of im- proving it. practicing making change and doing errands. practicing doing things and doing errands. prac- ticing doing the things in arithmetic that are needed to do these errands. (note: check over arithmetic course of study to line up possibilities.) bibliography i. informational material a. for children blaisdell, etta austin : toy town; il. by clara atwood fitts. little, . *kuh, charlotte: the delivery man; il. by kurt wiese. (happy hour books.) macmillan, . * matthews, florence and coffin, rebecca t., eds. and comps. : “at the grocery"; in city stories; il. by helene carter. macmillan, . *miller, olive beaupré, ed.: “a happy day in the city", in my bookhouse, v. . . b. for teachers camp, ruth-orton: the story of markets; il. by el- mer hader. harper, . ii. illustrative material for children brock, emme l.: to market! to market! il. by the author. knopf, . the kate kruse dolly book; with verses by rose fyle- man. doubleday, . social studies in the public schools project: the playhouse possible approaches . the mere presence of blocks in a first grade room will often stimulate the making of a house of some kind in which to play house. if there is any feel- ing of freedom to express ideas and do natural things "playing house” may appear in a corner without any “house." . the teacher may suggest making dolls, and help the children think through the best way of making dolls. this will naturally lead to making clothing, hats, chairs, dishes, and innumerable other things for the doll. a screen playhouse may then be made by the manual training department, by another group, or perhaps even by the teacher and class. playing house may be started by a conversation about home: what we have in our home, what mother does and what father does. these activities may be dra- matized by the children. . it may be started by the teacher telling a story. two highly appropriate stories are “the little house”, in picture tales from the russian and “hammer, saw, and plane”, in here and now story book. purposeful activities. . to play house. choosing mother, father, child, grandmother, doc- tor, milkman, postman. deciding on phases of life to be played. deciding on ways of organizing group. deciding on things to make. to play house for kindergarten or other groups. the play may include serving a meal, getting the children off for school, the coming of the mail man, telephoning, radio concerts, and so on. it will be found to be of absorbing interest to the kindergarten and indeed, the second grade children. to make a doll. draw a picture of the doll you want. pin your picture to a piece of double cloth. cut around the edges. sew around the edges. take it home to mother to stitch. suggestions concerning method leave a hole in which to stuff the saw dust. stuff the doll tightly with saw dust or cotton. . to make clothing for a doll. lay the doll on a big piece of paper. draw around the doll the shape of the garment you wish to make. cut out the pattern outside the line you have made. pin the pattern on to the cloth. cut along the edges of the pattern. sew up the edges. . to make other things for our dolls and to furnish our doll house. plan what we want. decide what are the best ma- terials. try our plan. ask help when you need it. give help when you can! i. informational material a. for children *baruch, dorothy: in and out with betty anne; il. by winifred bromhall. harper, . blaisdell, mary frances: twilight town; il. by henri- etta adams. little, . ketchum, irene a. and rice, anne l.: the land of make-believe ; il. by kayreen draper. ginn, . the land of play; il. by kayreen draper. ginn, . youngquist, livia, and washburne, carleton: my own reading book; il. by margaret iannelli. rand, . b. for teachers beard, patten: the complete playcraft book. stokes, . canfield, dorothy: what shall we do now? stokes, new ed., . foster, olive hyde: housekeeping, cooking and sew- ing for little girls. duffield, . fretwell, jean hosford: good games; with an introd. by jesse f. williams ; il. by keith ward. rand, . hall, a. neely: homemade toys for girls and boys. lothrop, . - suggestions concerning method b. verse bergengren, ralph: “the house” “the nicest house"; "the seasons”, in jane, joseph, and john; il. by maurice day. atlantic, . davies, mary carolyn: “our playhouse is so near to fairyland”, in a little freckled person. houghton, . field, rachel: “the playhouse key", in taxis and toadstools; il. by the author. doubleday, . peabody, josephine preston : “making a house,” in the book of the little past; il. by elizabeth ship- pen green. houghton, . roberts, elizabeth madox: “the butterbean tent”, in under the tree. huebsch, . viking, enl. ed. ; il. by f. d. bedford. . wynne, annette: “houses”; “to make a house"; "to our good house”, in for days days and days. stokes, . project: boats and trains possible approaches . blocks naturally suggest trains and boats to children. . telling about a trip on a train or boat. . telling stories about trains and boats by the teacher or a child. . suggesting playing train. purposeful activities. . to discuss boats or trains. . to visit a railroad yard or boat dock. . to build or make a train or boat out of blocks, boxes, or chairs or all three. . to make things needed, signs, costumes, flags, tick- ets, sleeping berths, things for dining car or dining room. playing train or dramatizing the activities connected with boats and trains. . suggestions concerning method hader, berta and elmer: the picture book of travel; il. by the authors. macmillan, . king, elizabeth: today's abc book; il. by the au- thor. mcbride, . liddell, mary; little machinery; il. by the author. doubleday, . meigs, cornelia : the wonderful locomotive; il by elmer hader. macmillan, . note: this book seems to interest children as a picture- book and not as a story. hence its placement in this section. over land and sea. gabriel, n.d. the railway book. gabriel. smith, e. boyd: the railroad book; il. by the author, houghton, . b. for teachers — coolidge, albert s.: building a model railroad; il. with photographs and diagrams made by the author. macmillan, . iii. literature a. prose *emerson, caroline d.: “the train that would not stay on the track” in a merry-go-round of modern tales; il. by lois lenski. dutton, . *hill, violet and maxwell, helen : charlie and his coast guards; il. by the authors. macmillan, . larue, mabel g.: “the little tin train”, in the f-u-n- book; il. by maud and miska peter- sham. macmillan, . *“the little engine that could”, in my bookhouse, v. . the bookhouse, . *mitchell, lucy sprague: “boris takes a walk and finds many kinds of trains” “the fog boat story”; “how the engine learned the knowing song"; "the journey”, in here and now story book. il. by hendrik van loon. dutton, . *sloan, eleanor v.: "the big boat"; "the locomo- tive who changed his mind”; “peter in the social studies in the public schools train”, in all sorts of good stories; il. by blanche greer. dutton, . *swift, hildegarde h.: little blacknose; il. by lynd ward. harcourt, . wright, lula e.: the magic boat; il. by dorothy harewood smedley. ginn, . b. verse. cheyney, gertrude louise: "about boats”, in sing- ing youth, ed. by mabel mountsier, harper, .. conkling, hilda : "the old bridge”, in poems by a little girl. stokes, . davies, mary carolyn: “handicapped”; “untrained trains”, in a little freckled person; il. by harold cue. houghton, . fyleman, rose: “jessica goes travelling”, in gay go up; il. by dercie merwin. doubleday, . lucas, e. v.: "the shipbuilder”, in the four and twenty toilers; il. by f. d. bedford. mc- devitt-wilson. mitchell, lucy sprague: "a locomotive”, in here; and now story book; il. by hendrik van loon. dutton, . peabody, josephine preston : "the journey”, in the book of the little past; il. by elizabeth ship- pen greene. houghton, . rossetti, christina : “boats sail on the river”, in sing- song; il. by marguerite davis. (little li- brary). macmillan, . tippet, james s.: go a’traveling; il. by elizabeth t. wolcott. harper, . "the mountain lake”, in i spend the summer; il. by elizabeth t. wolcott. harper, . project: the lumber yard possible approaches i. discussing the building of a house. . looking at pictures of carpenters at work. . visiting and observing the building of a house. visiting a lumber yard. listening to a story about a carpenter, for example "hammer, saw, and plane” in here and now story book. en suggestions concerning method projcet: pets and their care first grade. possible approaches. . telling story, “how spot found a home” in here and now story book. the entire story or the rhymes may be read by the children for reading lesson. . bringing pets to school. (note: this form of approach has worked very well in some of our schools.) . conversation about pets : “have you any pets? what do you have to do for them?” a reading lesson may be made by the teach- er and children on “how to care for a cat,” or “what i do for my cat." purposeful activities. . to listen to a story. . to read material or stories about pets. to tell what pets i have and how i care for them. to listen to other children's accounts of pets. . to help make directions for care of pets. . to help make posters telling what care horses, dogs, cats, birds, and other animals need. . to draw pictures about pets. to cut pictures about pets. to paint pictures about pets. to make a play telling other children what care pets need. . to make costumes and properties for play. n to a story in stories about pecore for them o bibliography i. informational material a. for children cleveland, r. p.: cop, chief of police dogs; il. by paul bransom. bradley, . *dupuy, william a.: our animal friends and foes. winston, . *johnson, constance: when mother lets us keep pets. dodd, . social studies in the public schools macmin. b. verse aldis, dorothy: "the goldfish”; “the reason”, in everything and anything; il. by helen jame- son. minton, . allingham, william: “the cat and the dog”, in rob- in redbreast and other poems; il. (little li- brary), macmillan, . asquith, herbert: "the hairy dog”; “the house of dogs”, in pillicock hill; il. a. h. watson. macmillan, . davies, mary carolyn: “conversation"; "need”; “next-door people”; “the uncritical kitten”; “the rabbit”, in a little freckled person. houghton, . field, rachel: “the animal store”; “parrots”, in taxis and toadstools; il. by the author. double- day, . fyleman, rose: “about bingo”, in gay go up; il. by decie merwin. doubleday, . king, edith, comp.: "the rabbit”, in fifty new poems for children. appleton, . lindsay, vachel: “a dirge for a righteous kitten”; “the turtle”, in johnny appleseed and other poems. macmillan, . lucas, e. v.: "the nature of the cat”, in playtime and company; il. by e. h. shepard. double- day, . miller, mary britton: “canary”; “cat”; “dog"; “kitten”; “rabbit”; “shetland pony", in menagerie; il. by helen sewell. macmillan, . mountsier, mabel, ed.: "goldfish”, in singing youth. harper, . · roberts, elizabeth madox: “the rabbit”, under the tree. huebsch, . viking, enl. ed., il. by f. d. bedford. . rosetti, christina: "pussy has a whiskered face,” in sing-song; il. by marguerite davis. (little library). macmillan, . turner, mancy byrd: “the buccaneer”; “the ex- traordinary dog”; “the ordinary dog”; in magpie lane ; il. by decie merwin. harcourt, . suggestions concerning method project: chicken farm or hatchery first grade approaches . a mother hen and her little chickens may spend a week in the school room. . a story may be told. purposeful activities . to discuss how little chickens are born. . to visit a chicken farm. . to find out what kind of care chickens need. . to discuss what we found out. to tell or show other children what we found out. . to express ideas stimulated by experience, in any in- telligent way. bibliography i. informational material a. for children baruch, dorothy: "a visit to the farm", in in and out with betty anne; il. by winifred brom- hall. harper, . *pierson, clara d.: tales of a poultry farm. dutton, . b. for teachers see informational material under bibliography for pro- ject on the farm, pp. and ii. illustrative material a. for children farmyard friends, gabriel, . hellé, andre: big beasts and little beasts, il. by the author. stokes, . smith, e. boyd: the chicken world. putnam, . the farm book. houghton, . tr. szalatnay, rafael d.: the cock and the hen; il. by rudolf mates. harper. white, fletcher: the duck and its friends; il. by the author. oxford, . lept, of physical education for winia barbour gymnasium suggestions concerning method project: valentine party first grade possible approaches . children may bring valentines to school. . children may talk about valentine's day and of the valenitnes they have seen in shops. . “let's have a valentine party." purposeful activities . to look at one another's valentines. . to make valentines. . to have a valentine party. a. planning what we will have and do and whom we shall entertain at our party. it may include another group, our mothers or our small sisters and brothers. preparing songs, stories, a play for our party. selecting materials needed. c. making favors. valentines envelopes paper flowers to decorate self and room. decorating paper and napkins. making cookies for party. making invitations. b. bibliography i. informational a. for children reilly, bertha. m.: signals. reilly, . see iii, a. b. for teachers chubb, percival: festivals and plays. harper, . humphrey, grace: stories of the world's holidays. bradley, . mcspadden, j. w.: book of holidays. crowell, . moore, anne carroll: “silhouettes and valentines, in the three owls, second book. coward-mc- cann, . olcott, frances jenkins ed.: good stories for great holidays. houghton, . sugcestions concerning method project for second grade: postal service possible approaches . conversation about what the postman does for us. . a visit to a post office. s. situation may arise through sending a letter to an absent child. it may well come before valentine's day. "how will we send our valentines?” “let's have a post- office !" . teacher may tell a story about a postman. orice! purposeful activities . to discuss the postman and his work. . to listen to a story about the postman. . to discuss the experiences of a letter. to think about the mailman in the post office and what we would like to know about him. to read from the chart on which the teacher has written the things we would like to find out about the postman and the post office. . to visit a post office. . to write a letter to a friend. . to dramatize the activities of the postman, the mail truck, and drivers. . to make valentines and envelopes. (note: children should be supplied with materials and tools for making valentines. this is an excellent opportunity for developing some taste for color har- monies, design, neatness, and creative expression.) . to make a book telling the story of the sending and delivery of mail. ii. to make a post office. a. planning post office, windows, and signs. b. getting orange boxes or other materials out of which to make post office. c. making post office, mail boxes, windows, mail chutes, signs, stamps, money, tables at which people write, table for sorting mail, pigeon holes where carriers sort mail. whi suggestions concerning method *wynne, annette: “a letter is a gypsy elf”; “the letter man”; “letters are small angels”; “the postman"; "the postman is a happy man”, in for days and days. stokes, . project: fire protection possible approaches . the children should discuss fire, fire equipment, causes of fires, and so on in an informal, spontan- eous way. if the conversation degenerates into questions from the teacher and answers from the children, it should be abandoned until the subject has become one of live interest. . pictures may provoke the discussion. . the passing of a fire truck may arouse interest. the visit to the fire station may come first, but is more likely to be appreciated when discussion has preceded the visit. (before the excursion the child- ren should be asked to work out the necessary rules and suggestions for excursions in order to make the trip a pleasant and safe one for everybody con- cerned.) an outline of some of the things to be found out may help thinking and observation. a. names of fire trucks. b. hours of duty of firemen. . questions should be asked by both teacher and pu- pils. purposeful activities . an experience of this kind is apt to provoke individ- ual expression, such as drawing, painting, and cut- ting fire trucks, firemen, and pictures of fires. . one child may make a book, telling all about fire. . the children may make a book together, each con- tributing a picture or two. . a group or the entire group may decide to give a fire play. a. in assembly. b. for another class. c. for mothers and fathers. social studies in the public schools *kent, frances : puppy dogs' tales and other stories. macmillan. tippet, james s.: the singing farmer; il. by eliza- beth t. wolcott. world book, . watkins, d. e. and raymond: best dog stories. rand, . young, bess m.: animals we know; il. by j. mur- ray thompson. nelson, . b. for teachers bianco, margery williams: all about pets; il. by photographs and drawings by grace gilkison. macmillan, . comstock, anna b.: the pet book. comstock, n.d. crandall, lee saunders: pets and how to care for them. new york zoological park, . downing, elliot r.: our living world. univ. of chicago, . fabre, jean marie: animal life in field and gar- den; tr. by f. c. bicknell. century, . illustrative a. for children aldin, cecil: the white puppy book; il. by the au- thor. oxford, n.d. crawford, helen coale: the blot, little city cat; il. by holling c. holling. cape and smith, ii. . flack, marjorie: angus and the ducks; il. by the au- thor. doubleday, . francis, j. d.: a cheerful book of cats. century, , new ed., . gaʼg, wanda: millions of cats; il. by the author. coward-mccann, . king, julius: dogs; il. by charles wellington wessell and kurt wiese. nelson, . b. for teachers fuertes, l. a.: the book of dogs; il. from paintings by the author. nat. geog. soc., . iii. literature a. prose *anderson, robert: seven o'clock stories; il. by e. boyd smith. putnam, . suggestions concerning method p and his pe authors. ń and his *aspinwall, alicia: “the iron dog”; “the sad ex- perience of poor pomposity”; “the shadow”, in short stories for short people; il. by marie l. danforth. dutton, . *bacon, peggy: mercy and the mouse; il. by the au- thor. macmillan, . *brate, charlotte: the pony tree; il. by the author. stokes, . *harper, theodore a. and harper, winifred: the janitor's cat; il. by j. erwin porter. apple- ton, . *heward, constance: the twins and tabiffa; il. by susan b. pearse. jacobs, . *hill, helen and maxwell, violet: charlie and his kitten topsy; il. by the authors. macmillan, . charlie and his puppy bingo; il. by the authors. macmillan, . *hogan, inez: the white kitten and the blue plate; il. by the author. macmillan, . larue, mabel g.: the f-u-n book; il. by maude and miska petersham. macmillan, . *lofting, hugh: the story of mrs. tubbs; il. by the author. stokes, . *mccoy, neely: the tale of the good cat jupie; il. by the author. macmillan, . mitchell, lucy sprague: "how spot found a home” and “pedro's feet”, in here and now story book; il. by hendrik van loon. dutton, . *potter, miriam clark: “the puppy postman”, in the giant of apple pie hill; il. by sophia t. balcom. dutton, . *pyle, katharine: tales of two bunnies; il. by the author. dutton, . the black-eyed pup- py; il. by the author. dutton, . *sloan, eleanor v.: "muddy micky”, in all sorts of good stories; il. by blanche greer. dutton, . *stryker, mabel f... little dog ready; il. by hugh spencer. holt, . *white, eliza orne: sally and her fur coat; il. by lisl hummel. houghton, . *youmans, eleanor: skitter cat; il. by ruth bennett. bobbs. social studies in the public schools poon b. verse aldis, dorothy: “the goldfish”; “the reason”, in everything and anything; il. by helen jame- son. minton, . allingham, william: “the cat and the dog”, in rob- in redbreast and other poems; il. (little li- brary), macmillan, . asquith, herbert: "the hairy dog”; “the house of dogs”, in pillicock hill; il. a. h. watson. macmillan, . davies, mary carolyn: “conversation”; “need”; “next-door people”; “the uncritical kitten”; “the rabbit”, in a little freckled person. houghton, . field, rachel: “the animal store”; “parrots”, in taxis and toadstools; il. by the author. double- day, . fyleman, rose: “about bingo”, in gay go up; il. by decie merwin. doubleday, . king, edith, comp.: “the rabbit”, in fifty new poems for children. appleton, . lindsay, vachel: “a dirge for a righteous kitten”; "the turtle”, in johnny appleseed and other poems. macmillan, . lucas, e. v.: “the nature of the cat”, in playtime and company; il. by e. h. shepard. double- day, . miller, mary britton: “canary”; “cat”; “dog"; “kitten”; “rabbit”; “shetland pony", in menagerie; il. by helen sewell. macmillan, . mountsier, mabel, ed.: “goldfish”, in singing youth. harper, . roberts, elizabeth madox: “the rabbit”, under the tree. huebsch, . viking, enl. ed., il. by f. d. bedford. . rosetti, christina: "pussy has a whiskered face,” in sing-song; il. by marguerite davis. (little library). macmillan, . turner, mancy byrd: “the buccaneer”; “the ex- traordinary dog”; “the ordinary dog”; in magpie lane; il. by decie merwin. harcourt, . suggestions concerning method project: chicken farm or hatchery first grade approaches . a mother hen and her little chickens may spend a week in the school room. . a story may be told. purposeful activities . to discuss how little chickens are born. . to visit a chicken farm. . to find out what kind of care chickens need. to discuss what we found out. to tell or show other children what we found out. to express ideas stimulated by experience, in any in- telligent way. au cn bibliography i. informational material a. for children baruch, dorothy: “a visit to the farm", in in and out with betty anne; il. by winifred brom- hall. harper, . *pierson, clara d.: tales of a poultry farm. dutton, . b. for teachers see informational material under bibliography for pro- ject on the farm, pp. and ii. illustrative material a. for children farmyard friends, gabriel, . hellé, andre: big beasts and little beasts, il. by the author. stokes, . smith, e. boyd: the chicken world. putnam, . the farm book. houghton, . tr. szalatnay, rafael d.: the cock and the hen; il. by rudolf mates. harper. white, fletcher: the duck and its friends; il. by the author. oxford, . social studies in the public schools b. for teachers see ii and also bibliography for project on the farm, pp. and iii. literature a. prose “the little red hen and the wheat”, in the oak tree fairy book. ed. by clifton johnson. lofting, hugh: the story of mrs. tubbs; il. by the author. stokes, . mitchell, lucy sprague: "the little hen and the rooster,” and “the rooster and the hens”, in here and now story book. stokes, . potter, miriam clark: "ten hens go a’travelling," in the giant of apple pie hill; il. by sophia t. balcom. dutton, . pyle, katharine: six little ducklings, il. by the au- thor. dutton, . b. verse. bergengren, ralph: “egotism”, in jane, joseph, and john. atlantic, . conkling, hilda: “chickadee" and "red rooster," in poems by a little girl. stokes, . de la mare, walter : “chicken”, in peacock pie; il. by w. h. robinson. holt, . miller, mary britton: “hen and chicks” in men- agerie. macmillan, . mitchell, lucy sprague: “the farmer tries to sleep”, in here and now story book; il. by hendrick van loon. dutton, . nightingale, madeline: “the fowls”, in fifty new poems for children. appleton, . richards, laura e.: "the three little chickens who went out to tea”, in in my nursery. little, . roberts, elizabeth madox: “the hens”, in under the tree, huebsch, . rossetti, christina: “kookoorookoo-kookoorookoo !" and “a white hen setting,” in sing-song. (little library) macmillan, . suggestions concerning method . museum gn oh b. for teachers - eaton, jeanette: the story of light; il. by max schwarz. (city and country series). harper, . ülik th - hill, charles t.: fighting a fire. century, . hoy - hough, walter: the story of fire; il. by photo- - graphs. doubleday, . keelor, katharine l.: working with electricity; il. by photographs and drawings. macmillan, . - lansing, marion f.: "the age of fire;" "the won- ders of light,” in great moments in science; il. doubleday, . ii. illustrative material see i, a. iii. literature related to community project a. prose . see i, a. b. verse tippet, james s.: "the fire escape”, in i live in a city; il. by elizabeth t. wolcott. harper, . project: community life second grade possible approaches . this should be the culmination of the kindergarten, first, and second grade community studies and should come after playing house, fire station, post office, and all of the others, thus drawing all the experiences to- gether and summing up the subject, community life. if the room were big enough the community might keep spreading. in the fall the farm might be made, then stores, fire department, and post office added, and then the teacher might suggest that the group have a complete community and carry on the life of that community. there might be a newspaper, mayor, park commission and so on. social studies in the public schools purposeful activities . to carry on the life of the community. . to choose activities. a. one child or a small group will have the grocery store; another the post office; another a dairy farm; another the florist shop; others will be house holders. . to plan, collect, make, and arrange things needed. . to dramatize activities of community. . to make a large map of the city and its environs. on this map, strips of paper may be streets; grass, sidewalk, houses, garages, stores, churches may be drawn, cut, and painted, and pasted on flat; fire de- partment, automobiles, stop and go signs and the farm outside the city may be put on. this is an ex- cellent first step towards understanding maps. bibliography . informational material a. for children hood, evelyn: a head of police; il. by gracia fox. doubleday, . *kuh, charlotte: the policeman; il. by kurt wiese. (happy hour books). macmillan, . *mcnamara, john: playing airplane; il. by frank dobias. macmillan, . smalley, janet: “gasoline,” in plum to plum pud- ding; il. by the author. morrow, . b. for teachers aston, w. g.: the boy's book of motors. . fox, florence c.: how the world rides. a series of projects on vehicular transportation for elementary schools. bulletin no. . dept. of interior bureau of government printing office, . bridges, t. c.: young folk's book of invention. little, . darrow, floyd: thinkers and doers. silver, . fraser, chelsa c.: heroes of the air. crowell, new ed. . suggestions concerning method . to make a large poster (across entire side of room), showing the county with its farms at one end; the road to the city; and the city. to make a border showing many kinds of workers. . to enumerate qualities necessary for good work. to make a play showing many kinds of work neces- sary to the well being and happiness of all of us. . to make a book about any individual worker or a book about many workers. . to make stories and write poetry about workers. . to listen to stories about workers. o s bibliography i. informational material see bibliography for project : community life i, a and b. ii. illustrative material . pictorial map of ann arbor . see bibliography for project: community life, ii, a and b. iii. literature a. prose rhodes, bertha m.: just tom. reilly. b. verse aldis, dorothy: "snow in the city,” in everything and anything. minton, . bergengren, ralph: "the policeman,” in jane, joseph, and john. atlantic, . wynne, annette: “the mayor's children,” and “the traffic man,” in for days and days. stokes, . project: animal study second grade possible approaches . it is not difficult to present animals to children. the teacher may begin by showing some pictures and encouraging spontaneous conversation. the teacher may ask what wild animals the children know about and what domestic animals, listing all on the board or a large sheet of paper for future use. the teacher may read or tell an animal story. the question is, “how shall i present animals to children in such a way that a purposeful experience دا دب social studies in the public schools will follow?” we mean experience in which the children will have intrinsic interest and sincere pur- poses. the teacher may arrange a table with animal toys, pictures, and books arranged to attract attention. almost any of the following purposes suggested may serve as approaches. purposeful activities . to discuss animals we know. teacher lists them on the board. telling one another what we think of when we say “elephant,” “lion.” for example, ele- phant suggests trunk, tusks, big clumsy feet, thick body. lion suggests big mane, long slender tail with tuft on end. camel suggests long neck, horse's head, humps, long slender legs. to cut animals for room border. (note: cut first the ones with the most striking characteristics). i.ook at pictures or, preferably, silhouettes because they lack detail. look at these pictures and discuss them. it is wise, however, to separate entirely the cutting from looking at the pictures. if the child looks at the picture when he is cutting he tries to put in too many details and does not have as simple and clear an image from which to work as his memory gives him. these cut animals may serve several purposes.* . to listen to the teacher tell what she knows about animals; to listen to other children. this animal information must be kept simple and dramatic. if the children remember a few striking facts about each animal they will be doing well. . to listen to animal stories and poetry. . to illustrate the lives of the animals in various ways : for example, the jungle, with its lions, tigers, and elephants; the desert with its camels ; the prairie with its bison and buffaloes ; the mountains with its goats and bears, or the frozen countries with polar bears, may be worked out in the sand table, or on a large piece of beaver board. pictures may be drawn and painted. picture posters may be made with paper cutting. to make a world map showing the habitat of various animals. the teacher, or an upper grade group, may put in large outline, a map of the world. this ought to be mounted on a piece of beaver board so that it may be laid out on the floor, or stood up against the wall. it should be at least feet by feet. in the social studies in the public schools two funny clowns; il. by the authors. mac- millan, . “kos,” (pseud. of baroness dombrowski) : boga the elephant; il. by the author. macmillan, . just horses; il. by the author. macmillan, . moe, louis, il.: the adventures of three little pigs. longmans, . raggle taggle bear. long- mans, . tommy tatters. longmans, . petersham, maud and miska: the ark of father noah and mother noah; il. by the authors, doubleday, . smalley, janet: the animals came in; il. by the author. morrow, . smith, e. boyd: the circus and all about it; il. by the author. stokes, . the story of noah's ark; il. by the author. houghton, n.d. iii. literature a. prose *bacon, peggy: the lion-hearted kitten; il. by the author. macmillan, . berry, erick: penny whistle; il. by the author. mac- millan, . brooke, l. leslie: johnny crow's garden. warne, n.d. johnny crow's party. warne, n.d.' *charles, robert h.: a roundabout turn; il. by l. leslie brooke. warne, . clark, margery (pseud.): poppy seed cakes; il. by maud and miska petersham. doubleday, . heward, constance: ameliaranne and the monkey; il. by susan b. pearse, mckay, . williamson, hamilton: baby bear; il. by berta and elmer hader. doubleday, . little ele- phant; il. by berta and elmer hader. double- day, . a monkey tale; il. by berta and elmer hader. doubleday, . b. verse asquith, herbert: “the elephant,” in pillicock hill. macmillan, . clark, meslie brooke . roundati. warnen, warne, suggestions concerning method dietz, e. ethel cox: good times on the farm; il. by h. d. williams. newson, . hervey, walter l. and hix, melvin: friends on the farm; il. by maginel wright enright. long- mans, ed., . *lucia, rose: peter and polly in autumn. amer. bk., . peter and polly in summer. amer. bk., . meyer, zoe: orchard and meadow. little, . sunshine farm. little, . * pierson, clara d.: among the farmyard people. dut- ton, . read, helen s.: grandfather's farm; il. by eleanor lee. (social science readers). scribner, . *tappan, eva m.: the farmer and his friends. (in- dustrial series, v. i) houghton, . thompson, mary wolfe: farmtown tales. dutton. tippet, james s.: the singing farmer; il. by eliza- beth t. wolcott. world bk., . b. for teachers - davenport, eugene: the farm. macmillan, . downing, elliot r.: our living world. univ. of chicago, . hawksworth, hallam: (pseud.): the adventures of a grain of dust. scribner, . - poulsson, emilie: through the farmyard gate. loth- rop, . skilling, william i.: nature study agriculture. skilling, wa bk., . . good t -smith, mary p. wells: jolly good times, child life on the farm. little, new ed., . - wells, rhea: an american farm; il. by the author. doubleday, . ii. illustrative material a. for children piper, watty: animals' story book; il. by p. j. bay- zand and others. platt, . smith, e. boyd: the country book; il. by the author. stokes, . the farm book; il. by the author. houghton, . see also i, a and iii, a. description of projects kindergarten-primary . kindergarten : chicken project on monday morning of the first week in may a child returned to school with "news" of her visit to her grandmother in the country over the week-end. she told of the cows and young calves, the mother sheep and baby lambs, the horses, pigs, ducks, and so on. but her greatest joy was over the little chick- ens. some she said had mothers and a lot of them lived in a house together without any mother. the children in the group were also interested and asked many questions as to where the baby chicks came from, what nade them grow in the egg, how long the mother had to keep the eggs warm and other questions. as a result of this conversation we decided to go to the wash- tenaw hatchery. cars were furnished by the mothers and on tuesday morning we left school at nine o'clock_twenty-four children in three cars. at the hatchery we were shown the large incubators. we were taken inside of the largest one so as to experience the heat. the children saw the eggs in the racks and were shown how they were turned each day (just as the mother hen does). finally they saw the tiny chicks breaking out of the shells. a farmer came and bought , day-old chicks. the children wanted some to bring back to school. so we purchased ten of the little chicks that had been hatched on sunday. we also bought a bag of feed and a very convenient little brooder. the chicks cost fifteen cents each, the feed cost twenty-five cents and the brooder, which will become part of the school equipment, cost two dollars and fifty cents. the chicks were carefully carried back to school and estab- lished in the kindergarten. an electric light furnished heat in the brooder and water was kept inside in a drinking pan. we had been given a pamphlet on the care of the chicks. this was read to the children and we found out many things about their care. the most important item was that the chicks must not be fed for from sixty to seventy-two hours, as during that time the egg sub- stance inside the body must be consumed. wednesday we were able to start feeding. the food trough was kept filled with the food, according to directions. discussion description of projects sang songs. as soon, discovered, and at and run and hide. of home for the family and friends. during the conversation i mentioned the children who were absent, and one of the children decided she would make a basket for one of the absent girls. when we came together after the work period, most of the group had made from one to three baskets for these friends. i had suggested we could take them to the children's homes. on tuesday morning, several of the children brought flowers to be put into the baskets. the baskets were sorted, partners were chosen, and we started on our walk. we had a happy time along the way. it was a beautiful day. each bird which we saw called forth our bird songs. the children enjoyed the tulips and other spring flowers. it gave them much pleasure to hang the baskets at their friend's houses, call “may basket,” and run and hide. of course we were soon discovered, and at some of the places we sang songs. at bobbie's house his mother had popped a pan of popcorn for him. she decided that there was enough for us all to have a handful, so she came out and we had a party. betty had said when she came to kindergarten that morning, "some- times they have parties on may day," so that popcorn was our surprise party. the distances were to great to go to evelyn's and donna jean's, so we sent their baskets by older children who lived near them. on wednesday morning some of the children made a bus out of the floor blocks. this was used to go into the woods to gather flowers. picnics took place, the smaller blocks becoming lunches. i played some rhythms after the picnic lunch was eaten; then games were suggested as they said we were in a meadow and “there was so much room." thursday morning our work period was quite individual. richard painted his aeroplane. eugene worked on a table in the workroom. tressa sewed on an apron. several of the children made pictures, others played at the sand table. a group made a circus using some pasteboard clowns which we have (a form of ninepin game) and wooden animals. at the close of this period i asked if we could see the circus. we were told that we must have money and tickets. lester and donald said they could do that, just to wait and they'd make both for us. donald sold the tickets, lester having given us the money. we were then invited to ride on the bus so that we could "get to the circus in a hurry because it was a long way out.” eugene asked for music, so i played different rhythms which suggested to them horses, high-stepping, galloping, and trotting horses, rabbits, elephants, camels, bears and so on. some of the children played they were social studies in the public schools clowns, others turned somersaults. some sang songs. a grand march or parade followed. when the children had exhausted their talents, eugene told them to sit in chairs, “like at a circus." then he showed stunts that the animals and clowns could do. on friday we went to the gymnasium at : . at : the primary grades came to our room for the weekly sing so we were busy putting the room in readiness. we had lunch at : , our rest, and then our music. our week was a very happy one with many interests. music. readiness. we weekly sin . a railroad project the children visited the railroad station and yards. they saw taxis coming and going, men, women, and children hurrying to and fro, people inquiring about routes and purchasing tickets, men stamping and selling tickets and answering questions. they saw the magazine and candy booths. they visited the baggage rooms and saw trunks arriving and departing, men tagging and loading them. they saw trains come in, unload people and baggage, and then load again and get under way. they saw a long freight train grumble its way past. in the yards they saw men loading and unloading freight cars. they saw engineers, conductors, firemen. they saw a bridge and a tunnel. . then they came home talking, talking about what they had seen. some children drew or painted engines, trains, bridges, tunnels, the railroad station, taxis, hurrying people and piles of baggage. some boys built a railroad station, a bridge, and a tunnel. they put in a large place to buy tickets with several windows, an information booth, and a magazine and candy booth. other boys and girls helped them make things for a restaurant. others became interested and made taxis, firemen, flags, men, women, children, and even a dog or two to wander about. the project went on expanding day after day until it occupied a large floor space in one corner of the room. the boys and girls insisted on another visit to the railroad station to see more details. on their return they built one train big enough for them to ride in. in this train they had engine, baggage car, mail car, coaches, sleeping car, and dining car. they played in their station and train every day—selling tickets, buying and selling food, loading and unloading baggage and traveling far and wide on their train, where they drove two engines, stopped and started with all the signals, collected tickets, slept, read magazines, and papers, and thoroughly enjoyed themselves. they made posters—travel pos- ters and large painted and paper-cutting posters showing trains social studies in the public schools vases were made of clay and enameled blue. picture books as well as poem and story books were made. in these we placed mimeographed copies of our original poems and stories. the children were very much interested in the library and brought many lovely books and pictures from their homes for our use. we also secured books from our city library. such a busy, happy place it proved to be! the librarians sat at the desks, requiring a child's name to be placed on the spindle for every book taken out. often children asked to read stories they found to the other children. one day quite unexpectedly one child said, “i wish we could have a home in our room, too.” that request was soon taken care of by the other boys and girls. it was decided that a corner of the back of the room could be used for our home, and part of the library furniture could be used in it. therefore our library was given a smaller space and less furniture, thus leaving an attractive place which could be the home. the library now had three bookcases, one round table, three chairs, a desk and chair for the librarian, a few pictures, a waste-paper basket and a bulletin board on which all pupils placed things of interest to the room. the home had a davenport, a desk, a table, two chairs, and a few pictures. new pieces of furniture were soon added. a reading lamp was made and also a chair and a radio. one child brought a nursery victrola for us to enjoy. a happy family soon organized itself. the children went to the library to get books. sometimes the father and mother went with them, always carrying their favorite books to the home. a very happy time they had. not long after the completion of our home and library we became interested in dramatizing the story of “hansel and gretel.” this resulted in the planning and making of a puppet show of “hansel and gretel.” for our puppet stage, we made a large wooden frame and enameled it blue. this we placed on a long, low table and tacked wrapping paper around three sides in order to hide the feet of the children while manipulating the puppets. to the top of the frame, on three sides, we placed our background curtains. these were made of light blue paper cambric. the curtains were made of dark cambric with yellow cords and tassels. the furniture for this stage was made of wood. the puppets were made out of paper sacks stuffed with cotton. these were dressed in crepe paper and left open at the back. the slit in the back of the puppet made it possible for the child to hold the puppet and have his description of projects all the problems as they arose were discussed and suggestions made by children and the teacher. the teacher endeavored con- stantly to see that the children did the thinking and work as independently as was at all possible. we can very honestly say that they did almost all of the planning and work. . a circus the children of the a had been studying wild animals with evident enjoyment. conversation about the circus resulted very naturally and a proposal was made that they have a circus. when the boys and girls got to making up acts they felt they must have more children and decided to invite the kindergarten, first and second grades to help. the teachers made up their minds to do everything to encour- age sincere dramatic ideas and feeling and the simplest of costumes, a ruff and a tail for a lion, a cap and a tail for a monkey and wrapped up feet for seals so that the emphasis would be entirely on portraying thoroughly and truly whatever the child was being, an elephant, a kangeroo or a bear. the circus was purely a matter of dramatic feeling until the last week when the children added the simple details mentioned as a finishing touch. during the process of getting ready a real circus came to town which most of the children attended. this gave them first hand experiences on which to base their plans. there was never a time when any part was rehearsed just as it was to be. the children experimented as groups and as individuals with various stunts. sometimes an entire group played galloping and dancing horses, or heavy lumbering elephants. the teachers played with them and emphasized important characteris- tics, as for example, clumsy, heavy elephants, jumping kangaroos, gay dancing horses, but they never suggested exact ways of walk- ing or acting or drilled the children because they wished above everything to preserve spontaneous absorption in the living of a part. the circus was gay and colorful as a circus should be. the kindergarten band in red and blue led the parade and besides all the wild animals there were cages on wagons in which pets were proudly displayed by their owners. the clowns brought a big laugh; the dancing horses with their pink, blue and yellow gowned ladies and the rough riders with their wild shooting and rope throwing added much to the reality of the scene. the tumblers in red, blue and green bathing suits showed that second graders can turn pin wheels and do many legged stunts creditably. ng horses pers with then the scene second social studies in the public schools the snake charmer wore a tinsel crown and the children loved a little scotch seven year old who danced a highland fling. the final circus was held out of doors and gave happiness to many children. the learnings involved were many. as is rather evident there was much new knowledge acquired. there was distinct gain in control over body movement and some of us feel that one of the most important of the things that should be done for children is to help them to perfect command over their bodies that has a direct bearing on success in other lines. the conversa- tion and discussion that occurred was extensive and spontaneous and hence had a real effect on language and speech development. reading was stimulated and very interesting books were made by the children. an appreciation of music as a necessary part of the experience was felt by the children and they grew in command over rhythm and the interpretation of music. the opportunities for leadership, organization, and independent planning and execution were excep- tional; the plan was the children's own, and they carried it out with sincerity of understanding and effort. . pets this activity had its beginning after a heavy snow storm during which the need of feeding birds was realized. the discussion made the children conscious of the particular birds which stay with us during the winter and what food they like. the children made feeding trays and kept them filled. cuttings of birds were made and pasted into a room frieze. the boys and girls and the teacher searched through picture books and primers for stories or poems about birds and the teacher taught some bird songs. an assembly at which the children told about their experiences, recited poems and sang bird songs served as a culmination for the bird part of their program. ques- tions came up about other animals that depend on us for food and care. animals were brought to school and became the centers of interest. cats, dogs, a rabbit with eleven babies and a pair of guinea pigs came one after another. the mother rabbit and her babies were a big responsibility, but the children managed it creditably. it is hardly necessary to say that these pets provoked much enthusiastic conversation and that vocabulary increased and the ability grew to talk pleasingly and intelligently. very few stories simple enough for the children to read were found to exist so books had to be made. curtains were needed the university of michigan graduate library date due - . ld "w^ ггъъ .' ш ¡ v i v/ Í. ■ т о ю со ЛМ nasiiwi medicai. ii.ihm. annГm. senior swing oГt \ new medicai. hi ii.iiing У- rxivriîsitv ii Аii. michigan i nion ci.ГЦ hoГse psychopathic ward—cnivers ty hospital street scene (north division) coirt hol se phi delta theta t&l/ obi ■ щ меШ \^aèË ■i» ЧГ , k я "штШ Е^^^^^^^ЗН phi Кappa psi • • • *« . .• •••: alpha delta ph " >; ^ ff < о ~ . c architectural upray //a • a a / . el ttttttvºf ntiii | º: º #: |h| jºſiº Ǻ): $º of the of *gigan w <rtººniurissºs j illilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll- the gift of prof. louis a. hopkins report of school needs i to the taxpayers of ann arbor school district and the patrons of the schools. the board of education submits to you here with its report on the building program necessary to meet the needs of our schools for the coming three or four years, and renders to you an accounting of the funds you have already voted. on may , , the board submitted to you a grade school program, and requested, to meet the urgent needs as they then appeared, a first bond issue of $ , which was voted. under the authority then granted the board has proceeded with the construction of three modern fireproof school buildings, the purchase of additional lands at other existing schools and the purchase of three new sites. at the very outset of this report it seems necessary to clear up a misunderstanding on the part of a number of people who seem to believe that the money voted two years ago was enough to meet all of our school needs for all time. some seem to think that the board are asking for funds to complete the buildings now under construction. neither of these conceptions is at all correct. the communication of may , was a page booklet discussing the school program of the city as it then existed. on page of this booklet we said "our school enrollment is increas- ing at such a rate as will require a continuing program of con- struction sufficient to provide seven or eight rooms a year * * * four or five years hence,—further relief must be had by the erection of at least two intermediate schools to house the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. "on pages and we called atten- tion to the details of the program which was. immediately neces- sary and which was "only a beginning of the future thoroughly up to date school system to which the people of ann arbor are en- c^ titled. *' * * we must face the fact that ann arbor will not only grow steadily, it will grow rapidly. our proximity to a city which has had the most phenomenal growth in the world's history, our advantages as a residence city and our educational and com- mercial advantages justify the prediction that within twenty years we shall have a population of , to , . this means that it is imperative to provide for a continuing program of school construction." -m - - j based upon such of these statistics as were available in the board said in its first bulletin "allowing only for normal growth, we will have a population of , in , at least ,- of which will be actually enrolled in our public schools, an increase in ten years of pupils. to accommodate these pupils the city zuill be called upon to provide forty additional school rooms. therefore the board of education is fully war- ranted in insisting that the city provide more school rooms for relieving the present congestion and providing for that enroll- ment which will have taken place by the time that the buildings now ( ) asked for are completed." that we were too conservative in our estimates is shown by the following facts. table ii school enrollment and census enrollment stat st cs oe ann arbor schools enrollment enrollment in total school year in grades high school enrollment census on - not made the total enrollment in was , in this had in- creased to a gain of . in the total enrollment is or a gain of in two years. this means that at the same annual rate of increase as during the past two years we will have to provide for more pupils in instead of the which we estimated. we may well anticipate an even greater rate of growth and it is not at all excessive to assume that this increase may reach . it is absolutely certain that we will have not less than and possibly children in , instead of the we were talking about two years ago. in plain language, we people of ann arbor must decide now — — v- that service be the furnishing of gas, water or electricity, the schools, police protection or fire protection. every index points to more people in ann arbor and greater growth in all lines of activity than ever has taken place before. gas meters in use so edison residence meters k. w: hours consumed (september) , . s> , water works services telephone subscribers the waterworks department shows new taps to mains, a fair index of new houses, as follows: — . ... (to jan. ) ( taps have been made during the month of april) it must be remembered that our waterworks investment has grown from $ , to over $ , , in ten years. the waterworks will lay two miles of new water main this year to take care of new streets which are demanding service. we have already added - / miles of four, six and eight inch dis- tribution mains. the telephone company has spent over $ , for extensions in the past five years the schools are just as im- portant as the water, the gas, the electricity or the telephones. the schools are vital—they influence profoundly the present and future citizenship of ann arbor. a study of our whole school field leads us to the conclusion that what we need may be summed up as follows: s. a new building for the seventh ward, on the lincoln avenue site to contain to school rooms plus auditorium and gymnasium. this will be equal in size to elisha jones school and can be built for about the same money. nd. an addition to w. s. perry school to make it a room building and to provide gymnasium, auditorium and rooms for domestic science and manual training thus placing its facilities on a par with those of the elisha jones school. rd. an addition to philip bach school to increase it to equal capacity and give the same facilities as provided in elisha jones school. th. an addition to central high school to fill completely ' r — — the present high school site. this may be deferred for a few years. th. the adoption of the intermediate school and the erection of two buildings, one in the eastern part of the city and one con- siderably west of the ann arbor railroad. this would take the seventh, eighth and ninth grades out of the other schools and permit the use of the high school as enlarged and the six large grade schools for a long period. this question need not be de- cided for three or four years to come. we believe that when this program is complete the school needs will be well taken care of so far as the present area of the city is concerned. the city is growing very rapidly to the ex- treme west, the southeast and east and it is clear that provision ought to be made for the purchase of six to ten acre school sites in the near future looking to the building of future grade schools in the new residential sections. the present donovan school is a good building for primary school uses and the proximity of the elisha jones school to the center of population in this district leads us to believe that it is wise to defer any steps looking to a new building or an enlarge- ment of the present one until a more marked development of the fifth ward takes place. the school census the school census shows very clearly the growth that has taken place in the different sections of the city. table iv year total ••• ... ... ••• ... ••• ... ... ... ... ... ••• a careful study of the above figures will amply justify the school building program as outlined. — — ^ ^ - to confirm the above we have computed the retardation of pupils of newton, mass., the annual report of which system has just come to our attention. the average retardation in newton's entire school system is fifteen percent; in ann arbor it is thirty percent. new university buildings for a present approximate enrollment of , students the state legislature a few months ago appropriated $ , , . for new buildings and we have every reason to believe that the same generous treatment will continue. in addition to this the uni- versity will soon receive other millions from private donors. all of this money will be used in ann arbor for educational purposes during the next few years without any expense to the city other than our share of the state taxes; surely our citizens are willing to authorize the expenditure of a small fraction of this large amount for buildings to be used in educating our own , children, a number more than one third as large as the total uni- versity student enrollment. who may vote? every citizen of the united states of the age of twenty-one, male or female, who owns property which is assessed for school taxes in the district, and who has resided in the district three months preceding the election, is a qualified voter. also the purchaser of land upon a land contract, who actually pays the taxes upon such land and resides thereon may vote, if other- wise qualified. joint ownership of property where husband and wife own property jointly and the same is assessed for school taxes in the school district, each may vote, if otherwise qualified. — only no detriment, but a positive benefit to the rest of the park and adding materially to its usefulness. "your committee therefore recommends that the board of directors of the chamber of commerce express to the board of education its approval: " . of the purchase of the equities of the driving club in burns park for $ , , on condition that all such sum shall be expended for a new track and fair grounds on land already se- cured for that purpose. " . of the payment to the city of a further sum of $ , for the cost of making necessary changes in the park and the opening of lincoln avenue through to granger avenue. "this is a matter of the city dealing with itself for its own best good. it is not a question of the desirability or undesirabil- ity of a race track, or of paying a sum of money to the driving club for its benefit. it therefore calls for such adjustment as is necessary to bring about the best good of the city in all years to come. to your committee the advantages of the plan recom- mended are so much beyond that of any other that has been sug- gested as to leave no room for doubt. respectfully submitted, edw n c. goddard, e. b. manwar ng, e. j. e. gross, w. h. l. rohde, c. b. coe." very truly yours, ann arbor chamber of commerce. other improvements since the building program was outlined for the entire city the board of education has endeavored not to be unmindful of the needs of other schools as well. at the bach school there was a very small amount of playground though it is the second largest school of the city. purchase was therefore made of the wild property joining the school ground on the north and front- ing on fourth street and also the schleyer property joining the janitor's residence on the north and fronting on fifth street the janitor's house was moved to a newly purchased lot di- rectly across the street from its present location and the schleyer residence was also moved to the other side of fifth street — — i - u co o - — q q < o q z o u j — — ºn nº aw tti w no too hos /\:in — — i *^he^e±! l*r£j e! j*^ ccond floor plan .sixth ward school lo.vi h. boynton architect — t> • — — versity of michigal ti renew the (harge, took must be brought to the fafc. two week book crnm migh ^\ -