r THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE bn W I Eii WW Social Structure and Political Participation: Developmental Relationships, I Norman H. Nie, G. Bingham Powell, Jr., and Kenneth Pretcitt Culture and Political Development: Herder's Suggestive Insights F. M. Barnard Politics, Ideology, and Belief Systems Giovanni Sartori Who Pays for Defense? Bruce M. Russelt Political Matrix and Political Representation: Prolegomenon to a New Departure from an Old Problem Kenneth Pretcitt and Heinz Eulau Wilbur D. Mills: A Study in Congressional Influence John F. Manley Citizen Demands and the Soviet Political System James H . Oliver The Electoral Polities of Gaulliets in the Fourth French Republic: Ideology or Constituency Interest? Howard Rosenthal Majority Decision-Making with Partial Unidimensionality Richard G. Niemi Presidential Elections: An Explanation of Voting Defection Richard IP. Boyd Research Notes Campaign Strategy and Party Loyalty: The Electoral Rele- vance of Candidate Decision-Making in the 1964 Con- gressional Elections Robert A. Schoenberger The Desired Political Entropy Henri Theil Communications to the Editor Book Reviews and Notes Announcements 361 379 398 412 427 442 465 476 Richard F. Fenno (ed.) 515 521 526 531 622 VOL. LXIII JUNE, 1969 NO. 2 Published Quarterly by THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION htt p s: // d o i.o rg /1 0. 10 17 /S 00 03 05 54 00 26 22 54 D o w n lo ad ed f ro m h tt p s: // w w w .c am b ri d g e. o rg /c o re . C ar n eg ie M el lo n U n iv er si ty , o n 0 6 A p r 20 21 a t 01 :3 8: 16 , s u b je ct t o t h e C am b ri d g e C o re t er m s o f u se , a va ila b le a t h tt p s: // w w w .c am b ri d g e. o rg /c o re /t er m s. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055400262254 https://www.cambridge.org/core https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms Race and Poverty, both of longstanding concern to the editors of Commentary, have been the focus of some of the most important articles we have published. Now reissued as Commentary Reports, many of them are available for use in college classrooms and by adult discussion groups. Dating from the start of 1963 and coming up to the present moment, they serve as a remarkable record of shifting thought and calls for action in the stormy era that has followed national confrontation of these problems. We invite you to send for EXAMINATION COPIES of all eighteen of these Commentary Reports or to select one of the four subject groupings in which they are listed below. Your letterhead is the ticket of admission, write to Howard Gladstone.fCommentary Reports, 165 East 56 Street, New York City 10022^The Reports are priced at fifty cents each, but your invoice will be cancelled whenever you or your bookstore place an order for twenty-five or more copies* of any one Report. POVERTY IN THE CITY 1968 Daniel P . Moynihan: The Professors and the Poor 1968 David Danzig and John. Feild: The Betrayal of the American City 1967 Daniel P. Moynihan: The President and the Negro — the Moment Lost 1966 John Slawson: Mutual Aid and the Negro 1965 Herbert J. Gans: The Failure of Urban Renewal 1964 Charles E. Silberman: Up from Apathy — the Woodlawn Experiment INTEGRATION A N D EDUCATION • 1969 Maurice J. Goldbloom: The New York School Crisis 1965 Midge Decter: The Negroes & the New York Schools 1964 Richard Schickel: P.S. 165 NEGROES A N D J E W S 1969 Earl Raab: The Black Revolution and the Jewish Question 1964 Nathan Glazer: Negroes & Jews — the New Challenge to Pluralism 1963 Norman Podhoretz: My Negro Problem — and Ours THE CHANGING FACE OF CIVIL RIGHTS 1967 Bayard Rustin: The Lessons of the Long Hot Summer 1966 Bayard Rustin: "Black Power" and Coalition Politics 1966 David Danzig: In Defense of "Black Power" 1966 Bayard Rustin: The Watts "Manifesto" & the McCone Report 1965 Bayard Rustin: From Protest to Politics — the Future of the Civil Rights Movements 1964 David Danzig: The Meaning of Negro Strategy *Orders for over twenty-five copies merit a 20% discount Please mention T H E AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW when writing to advertisers h tt p s: // d o i.o rg /1 0. 10 17 /S 00 03 05 54 00 26 22 54 D o w n lo ad ed f ro m h tt p s: // w w w .c am b ri d g e. o rg /c o re . C ar n eg ie M el lo n U n iv er si ty , o n 0 6 A p r 20 21 a t 01 :3 8: 16 , s u b je ct t o t h e C am b ri d g e C o re t er m s o f u se , a va ila b le a t h tt p s: // w w w .c am b ri d g e. o rg /c o re /t er m s. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055400262254 https://www.cambridge.org/core https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms New Books from The University of Chicago Press The Fiscal Revolution in America Herbert Stein Between 1931 and 1962 there was a revolution in American economic policy. The principle of balancing the budget gave way to the doctrine of managing government expenditures and taxes to achieve prosperity. Noted economist Herbert Stein tells the story of this revolution in terms of the leading participants in it and'offers his conclusion that no single party or school of thought was alone responsible. Studies in Business and Society series. 1969 LC:69-14828 584 pages, $10.00 The Rules of the Game in Paris Nathan Leites Translated by Derek Coltman A longtime resident of France, with a profound and often uncomfortably acute understand- ing of what makes people tick, Nathan Leites probes the nuances of the French character. With wit and urbanity, he relates their political tendencies to their behavior and attitudes in other spheres of life. "He observes the French as they live and speak, as they behave, and above all as they write. And he does so with the utmost possible detachment."—from the Preface by Raymond Aron. 1969 LC-69-19276 368 pages, $12.00 Public Controls for Nonpublic Schools o Edited by Donald A. Erickson This book presents the first comprehensive examination of the legal, educational, social, and ethical issues involved in state regulation of nonpublic schools. Differing viewpoints are represented in papers by Governor Harold E. Hughes (Iowa), historian Franklin H. Littell, anthropologist Jules Henry, State Commissioner William J. Sanders (Connecticut), and William B. Ball, counsel for the National Committee for Amish Religious Freedom. Other papers explore the constitutional framework for public control of nonpublic schools. 1969 LC.-68-55148 242 pages, $8.50 Research in Archives The Use of Unpublished Primary Sources Philip C. Brooks Almost all of the numerous existing texts on historical method dwell on the use of printed materials and pass lightly over archives and private papers. This manual is designed to help researchers in the location and proper use of unpublished source materials, including both official archives and historical manuscripts. Brooks draws upon more than thirty years of experience as an archivist in the National Archives and Records Service. 1969 LC69-19273 160 pages, $5.75 THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS, CHICAGO 60637 Please mention T H E AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW when writing to advertiser* h tt p s: // d o i.o rg /1 0. 10 17 /S 00 03 05 54 00 26 22 54 D o w n lo ad ed f ro m h tt p s: // w w w .c am b ri d g e. o rg /c o re . C ar n eg ie M el lo n U n iv er si ty , o n 0 6 A p r 20 21 a t 01 :3 8: 16 , s u b je ct t o t h e C am b ri d g e C o re t er m s o f u se , a va ila b le a t h tt p s: // w w w .c am b ri d g e. o rg /c o re /t er m s. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055400262254 https://www.cambridge.org/core https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION President D A V I D E A S T O N * U n i v e r s i t y of Chicago President-Elect K A R L W . D E U T S C H * H a r v a r d U n i v e r s i t y J A M B S W . F E S L E R Y a l e U n i v e r s i t y Secretary B E R N A R D L . K R O N I C K U n i v e r s i t y of S a n t a C l a r a Vice Presidents H A N S J . M O R G E N T H A U U n i v e r s i t y of Chicago Treasurer F R A N C I S E . R O U R K E J o h n s H o p k i n s U n i v e r s i t y V E R N O N V A N D Y K E U n i v e r s i t y of I o w a Program Chairman R O B E R T E . L A N E * Y a l e U n i v e r s i t y Executive Director E V R O N M . K I R K P A T R I C K * 1527 N e w H a m p s h i r e A v e n u e , N . W . W a s h i n g t o n , D . C . 20036 Managing Editor, APSR A U S T I N R A N N E Y * U n i v e r s i t y of Wisconsin COUNCIL A b o v e - n a m e d 1968-1969 H O L B E R T N . C A R R O L L U n i v e r s i t y of P i t t s b u r g h C H A R L E S O. J O N E S U n i v e r s i t y of A r i z o n a M E R L E K L I N G W a s h i n g t o n U n i v e r s i t y , S t . Louis R O Y C. M A C R I D I S B r a n d e i s U n i v e r s i t y P A U L L . P U R Y E A R F i s k U n i v e r s i t y R O B E R T A. S C A L A P I N O U n i v e r s i t y of California, B e r k e l e y G L E N D O N S C H U B E R T Y o r k U n i v e r s i t y , T o r o n t o D A N I E L W I T N o r t h e r n Illinois U n i v e r s i t y • Members of the Executive Committee, 1968-1969. Officers ex officiis 1969-1970 G O R D O N E . B A K E R * U n i v e r s i t y of California, S a n t a B a r b a r a S A M U E L D U B O I S C O O K D u k e U n i v e r s i t y J O S E P H I N E E . M I L B U R N S i m m o n s College J O S E P H L . N O G E E U n i v e r s i t y of H o u s t o n A. F . K . O R G A N S K I U n i v e r s i t y of M i c h i g a n F R A N K J . S O R A U P * U n i v e r s i t y of M i n n e s o t a H E R B E R T J . S P I R O U n i v e r s i t y of P e n n s y l v a n i a F R E D E R I C K M . W I R T D e n i s o n U n i v e r s i t y F R A N K J . G O O D N O W A L B E R T S H A W F R E D E R I C N . J U D S O N J A M E S B R Y C E A. L A W R E N C E L O W E L L W O O D R O W W I L S O N S I M E O N E . B A L D W I N A L B E R T B U S H N E L L H A R T W . W . W I L L O U G H B Y J O H N B A S S E T T M O O R E E R N S T F R E U N D J E S S E M A C Y M U N R O E S M I T H H E N R Y J O N E S F O R D P A U L S. R E I N S C H L E O S. R O W E W I L L I A M A. D U N N I N G H A R R Y A. G A R F I E L D J A M E S W . G A R N E R C H A R L E S E . M E R R I A M C H A R L E S A. B E A R D FORMER PRESIDENTS W I L L I A M B . M U N R O J E S S E S. R E E V E S J O H N A. F A I R L I E B E N J A M I N F . S H A M B A U G H E D W A R D S. C O R W I N W I L L I A M F . W I L L O U G H B Y I S I D O R L O E B W A L T E R J . S H E P A R D F R A N C I S W . C O K E R A R T H U R N . H O L C O M B E T H O M A S R E E D P O W E L L C L A R E N C E A. D Y K S T R A C H A R L E S G R O V E H A I N E S R O B E R T C. B R O O K S F R E D E R I C A. O G G W I L L I A M A N D E R S O N R O B E R T E . C U S H M A N L E O N A R D D . W H I T E J O H N M . G A U S W A L T E R F . D O D D A R T H U R W . M A C M A H O N H E N R Y R . S P E N C E R Q U I N C Y W R I G H T J A M E S K . P O L L O C K P E T E R H . O D E G A R D L U T H E R H . G U L I C K P E N D L E T O N H E R R I N G R A L P H J . B U N C H E C H A R L E S M C K I N L E Y H A R O L D D . L A S S W E L L E . E . S C H A T T S C H N E I D E R V. O. K E Y , J R . R . T A Y L O R C O L E C A R L B . S W I S H E R E M M E T T E S. R E D F O R D C H A R L E S S. H Y N E M A N C A R L J . F R I E D R I C H C. H E R M A N P R I T C H E T T D A V I D B . T R U M A N G A B R I E L A. A L M O N D R O B E R T A . D A H L M E R L E F A I N S O D C h tt p s: // d o i.o rg /1 0. 10 17 /S 00 03 05 54 00 26 22 54 D o w n lo ad ed f ro m h tt p s: // w w w .c am b ri d g e. o rg /c o re . C ar n eg ie M el lo n U n iv er si ty , o n 0 6 A p r 20 21 a t 01 :3 8: 16 , s u b je ct t o t h e C am b ri d g e C o re t er m s o f u se , a va ila b le a t h tt p s: // w w w .c am b ri d g e. o rg /c o re /t er m s. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055400262254 https://www.cambridge.org/core https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms THE AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW Published quarterly by The American Political Science Association EDITORIAL BOARD AUSTIN RANNET, Managing Editor, University of Wisconsin FRED I. GREENSTEIN, Wesleyan University MELVIN RICHTER, Hunter College, City HARVEY C. MANSFIELD, Columbia Univer- University of New York sity J O H N E. TURNER, University of Minnesota WABREN E. MILLER, University of Michi- VERNON VAN D Y K E , University of Iowa gan MYRON W E I N E B , Massachusetts Institute WALTER F. M U R P H Y , Princeton University of Technology EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES RICHARD F. FENNO, Book Review Editor, NANCY B. EDGERTON, Madison University of Rochester MARY H . GROSSMAN, Madison EDITORIAL OFFICE EXECUTIVE OFFICE Managing Editor, APSR Executive Director, APSA North Hall, University of Wisconsin 1527 New Hampshire Ave., N.W. Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Washington, D.C. 20036 T H E AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW, published quarterly during the months of March, June, September, and December, is supplied to all APSA members. Individual and institutional member- ships are $15.00 a year ($6.00 for graduate and undergraduate student*; five-year limitation). Foreign currency at the official exchange rate will be accepted for foreign subscriptions and foreign member- ship fees. The equivalent of $1 for additional postage should be added for foreign subscriptions. Current issues are priced at $3.75 per copy; for back issues prior to 1963 address Johnson Reprint Corp., I l l 5th Ave., New York, N.Y. 10003; subsequent to 1963 send request directly to the American Political Science Association. 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Second class postage paid at Menasha, Wisconsin. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3,1917, authorized May 12,1926. Printed in the United States of America by George Banta Company, Inc., Menasha, Wisconsin. Copyright, 1969, by The American Political Science Association h tt p s: // d o i.o rg /1 0. 10 17 /S 00 03 05 54 00 26 22 54 D o w n lo ad ed f ro m h tt p s: // w w w .c am b ri d g e. o rg /c o re . C ar n eg ie M el lo n U n iv er si ty , o n 0 6 A p r 20 21 a t 01 :3 8: 16 , s u b je ct t o t h e C am b ri d g e C o re t er m s o f u se , a va ila b le a t h tt p s: // w w w .c am b ri d g e. o rg /c o re /t er m s. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055400262254 https://www.cambridge.org/core https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms t h e e c o n o m i c a p p r o a c h t o political s c i e n c e PUBl^cT CHOICE The latest intellectual revolution ' in political science is economic analysis of political problems. Public Choice was established for the purpose of accelerating work in this new and exciting field of investigation. In the less than three years of its existence, it has already published articles by James S. Coleman, Duncan Black, James Buchanan, Vincent Ostrom, Gordon Tullock, Otto Davis, Kenneth Arrow, William Mitchell, Kenneth Boulding, Ferdinand Levy, Oliver Williamson, and . many others. Public Choice is essential reading for political scientists interested in keeping abreast of the latest developments in their field. Public Choice is published twice a year by the Center for Study of Public Choice, Virginia Poly- technic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 2 4 0 6 1 . Subscription price (includes membership in the Public Choice Society) is S7.00 for the paperback edition and $11.00 for the hardback. Please mention T H E AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW when writing to advertisers h tt p s: // d o i.o rg /1 0. 10 17 /S 00 03 05 54 00 26 22 54 D o w n lo ad ed f ro m h tt p s: // w w w .c am b ri d g e. o rg /c o re . C ar n eg ie M el lo n U n iv er si ty , o n 0 6 A p r 20 21 a t 01 :3 8: 16 , s u b je ct t o t h e C am b ri d g e C o re t er m s o f u se , a va ila b le a t h tt p s: // w w w .c am b ri d g e. o rg /c o re /t er m s. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055400262254 https://www.cambridge.org/core https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms