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===Topics of early prose===
[[File:LettersFromAnAmericanFarmer.png|thumb|left|[[Letters from an American Farmer]] is one of the first in the canon of American literature, and has influenced a diverse range of subsequent works.]]
The religious disputes that prompted settlement in America were important topics of early American literature. A journal written by [[John Winthrop]], ''The History of New England'', discussed the religious foundations of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]]. [[Edward Winslow]] also recorded a diary of the first years after the ''[[Mayflower]]'s'' arrival. "[[A Model of Christian Charity|A modell of Christian Charity]]" by John Winthrop, the first governor of Massachusetts, was a Sermon preached on the ''[[Arbella]]'' (the [[flagship]] of the [[Winthrop Fleet]]) in 1630. This work outlined the ideal society that he and the other Separatists would build in an attempt to realize a "Puritan utopia". Other religious writers included [[Increase Mather]] and [[William Bradford (1590-1657)|William Bradford]], author of the journal published as a ''[[Of Plymouth Plantation|History of Plymouth Plantation, 1620–47]]''. Others like [[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]] and [[Nathaniel Ward]] more fiercely argued state and church separation. Others, such as [[Thomas Morton (colonist)|Thomas Morton]], cared little for the church; Morton's ''The New English Canaan'' mocked the [[Puritan]]s and declared that the local Native Americans were better people than them.[Skipp, Francis E. ''American Literature'', Barron's Educational, 1992.]
Other late writings described conflicts and interaction with the Indians, as seen in writings by [[Daniel Gookin]], [[Alexander Whitaker]], [[John Mason (c.1600-1672)|John Mason]], [[Benjamin Church (ranger)|Benjamin Church]], and [[Daniel J. Tan]]. [[John Eliot (missionary)|John Eliot]] translated the [[Bible]] into the [[Algonquin language]] (1663) as [[Mamusse Wunneetupanatamwe Up-Biblum God]].[''A Short History of Boston'' by Robert J. Allison, p.14] It was the first complete Bible printed in the Western hemisphere; [[Stephen Daye]] printed 1,000 copies on the first printing press in the American colonies.[the Bay Psalm Book exhibition at the Library of Congress 2015]
Of the second generation of New England settlers, [[Cotton Mather]] stands out as a theologian and historian, who wrote the history of the colonies with a view to God's activity in their midst and to connecting the Puritan leaders with the great heroes of the Christian faith. His best-known works include the ''[[Magnalia Christi Americana]]'' (1702), the ''[[Wonders of the Invisible World]]'' and ''The Biblia Americana''.{{fact|date=January 2021}}
[[Jonathan Edwards (theologian)|Jonathan Edwards]] and [[George Whitefield]] represented the [[First Great Awakening|Great Awakening]], a religious revival in the early 18th century that emphasized [[Calvinism|Calvinist thought]]. Other Puritan and religious writers include [[Thomas Hooker]], [[Thomas Shepard (minister)|Thomas Shepard]], [[John Wise (clergyman)|John Wise]], and [[Samuel Willard]]. Less strict and serious writers included [[Samuel Sewall]] (who wrote a diary revealing the daily life of the late 17th century),[ and [[Sarah Kemble Knight]].{{fact|date=January 2021}}
New England was not the only area in the colonies with a literature: southern literature was also growing at this time. The diary of [[Planter class|planter]] [[William Byrd II|William Byrd]] and his ''[[The History of the Dividing Line]]'' (1728) described the expedition to survey the swamp between Virginia and North Carolina but also comments on the differences between [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indians]] and the white settlers in the area.][ In a similar book, ''Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West'', [[William Bartram]] described the Southern landscape and the Indian tribes he encountered; Bartram's book was popular in Europe, being translated into German, French and Dutch.][
As the colonies moved toward independence from Britain, an important discussion of American culture and identity came from the French immigrant [[J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur]], whose ''[[Letters from an American Farmer]]'' (1782) addresses the question "What is an American?" by moving between praise for the opportunities and peace offered in the new society and recognition that the solid life of the farmer must rest uneasily between the oppressive aspects of the urban life and the lawless aspects of the frontier, where the lack of social structures leads to the loss of civilized living.][
This same period saw the beginning of [[African-American literature]], through the poet [[Phillis Wheatley]] and the [[slave narrative]] of [[Olaudah Equiano]], ''[[The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano]]'' (1789). At this time American Indian literature also began to flourish. [[Samson Occom]] published his ''A Sermon Preached at the Execution of Moses Paul'' and a popular hymnbook, ''Collection of Hymns and Spiritual Songs'', "the first Indian best-seller".][Gray, Richard. ''A History of American Literature''. Blackwell, 2004.]
Return to American literature.
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