National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency - Wikipedia Jump to navigation Jump to search National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Seal of the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Flag of the U.S. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency NGA Campus East, headquarters of the agency; the building features trapezoidal windows, color-coded interior sections, and is bisected by an atrium that is large enough to hold the ["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter"cite_ref-factsheet_2-0" class="reference">[2"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_House_of_the_Seven_Gables"lass="reference">[3] Agency overview Formed October 1, 1996 (1996-10-01) Preceding agency National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) Jurisdiction U.S. Department o"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Hawthorne"tr> Headquarters , Virginia, U.S.[2] NIMA's logo, seal, and flag NIMA was established on October 1, 1996, by the National Defen"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Agassiz"for Fiscal Year 1997.[19] The creation of NIMA followed more than a year of study, debat"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" by the defense, intelligence, and policy-making communities (as well as the Congress)"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter"ons with customer organizations. The creation of NIMA centralized responsibility for imagery and mapping. NIMA com"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"the Central Imagery Office (CIO), and the Defense Dissemination Program Office (DDPO) in their entirety, and the mission and functions of the NPIC. Also merged into NIMA were the imagery exploitation, dissemination, and processing elements"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"="/wiki/Defense_Intelligence_Agency" title="Defense Intelligence Agency">Defense Intelligence Agency, National Reconnaissance OfficeDefense Airborne Reconnaissance Office. NIMA's creation was clouded"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"tures to merge and the fear that their respective missions—mapping in support of defense activities versus intelligence production, principally in support of national policymakers—would be subordinated, each to the other.[20] NGAedit] "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" old headquarters in Brookmon"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosses_from_an_Old_Manse"t had been the headquarters of NGA and its predecessor agencies since 1945. After the move to its current headquarters, this facility wa"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Literary_World_(New_York_City)"lligence_Community_Campus-Bethesda" title="Intelligence Community Campus-Bethesda">Intelligence Community Campus-Bethesda. With the enactment of the Nation"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"orization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 on November 24, 2003,[21] NIMA was renamed NGA to better reflect its primary "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" href="/wiki/GEOINT" class="mw-redirect" title="GEOINT">GEOINT"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moby-Dick"e_ref-22" class="reference">[22] 2005 BRAC and Impact on NGA[edit] As a part of the 2005 Base Realignment and Closu"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_House_of_the_Seven_Gables_(novel)"D.C.-area NGA facilities, including those in Bethesda, Maryland; Reston, Virg"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell"C., would be consolidated at a new facility at the Fort Belvoir proving grounds. This new facility, later known as NCE, houses several thousand peo"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ated on the former Engineer Proving Ground site n"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Blithedale_Romance"es in St. Louis were not affected by the 2005 BRAC process.[23] The cost of the new cente"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ted to be $2.4 billion. The center's campus is a"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Wonder-Book_for_Girls_and_Boys"000 m2) and was completed in September 2011.[24] Organization[edit] Employees["en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"editsection-bracket">] NGA employs professionals in aeronautical analysis, cartography, geospatial analysis, imagery analysis, photogrammetry, as well as those in the national security and law enforcement fields. NIMA / NGA Directors[editDirector 1996–1998 Rear Admiral Joseph J."https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN"US Navy, Acting Director 1998–2001 Lieutenant General James C. "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Bronson_Alcott"ited_States_Army" title="United States Army">US Army 2001–2006J"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html", USAF, Retired[note 1] 2006–2010 Vice Admiral (VADM) Robert B. Murrett, USN 2010–2014 "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ia_Long" title="Letitia Long">Le"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Mann"> 2014–2019 Robert Cardillo 2019–Present Vice Admiral , USN ^ Although General Clapper preferred the use of his military rank, he was in fact a member of the Defense Intelligence Senior Executive Service (DISES) during his term as Director of NIMA / NGA, as he had retired from active duty as the director of DIA in 1995. Clapper wa"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ilian to head NIMA / NGA. On Fe"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_the_United_States"ecretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense Robert Gates an"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consul_(representative)"itia_Long" title="Letitia Long">Letitia Long would "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consulate_of_the_United_States_in_Liverpool" woman to head one of the 16 Intelligence Community component agencies. Long was at the time deputy director of the DIA.[25] Long was sworn in on August 9, 2010 as NGA Director.[26] Civilian, Department of Defense, and Intelligence Community activities[edit] Osama bin Laden compound raid: NGA was integral in helping the Department of Defense and the U.S. Intelligence Community pinpoint t"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ki/Osama_bin_Laden%27s_compound_in_Abbottabad" title="Osama bin Laden's compoun"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Pierce"a href="/wiki/Abbotabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbotabad">Abbotabad, Pakistan where Osama bin Laden hid for several years and to plan the raid that killed him.[27][28]"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html">9/11 aftermath: After the September 11, 2001 attacks, NIMA partnered with the U.S. Geological Survey to survey the World Trade Center site and deter"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" of the destruction.[15] Keyhole investment: NGA contributed approximately 25% "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Hawthorne&action=edit§ion=7" Keyhole Inc, whose Earth-viewing software became Google Earth.[29] Hurricane Katrina: NGA supported Hurricane Katrinhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NHawthorneGrave.jpg/330px-NHawthorneGrave.jpgry fromhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/NHawthorneGrave.jpg/440px-NHawthorneGrave.jpgderal_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Federal Emergency Management Agency">Federal Emergency Management Agency "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NHawthorneGrave.jpg"agencies.[30] NGA's"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War"l source of these efforts. Microsoft partnership: and NGA have signed a letter"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln"o advance the design and delivery of geospatial information applications to customers."[31] NGA will continue to use the Microsoft Virtual Earth platform (as it did for Katrina relief) to provide geospatial support for humanitarian, peacekeeping, and national-security efforts. Virtual Earth is a set of online mapping and search services that deliver imagery through an Google and GeoEye: In 2008 NGA partnered with Google and . Google would be allowed to use GeoEye spy satellite imagery with reduced resolution for Google Earth.[29]GitHub.Letitia Long talks about NGA's GitHub initiative and the first offering, GeoQ, at the GEOINT Symposium. He"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"t at 40 minutes and 40 seconds from her GEOINT 2014 conference speech.[33] NGA open sources software packages under their GitHub organizational account.[34] [edit] NIMA / NGA has been involved in several controversie"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr."khran-II" title="Pokhran-II">India tested a nuclear weapon in 1998 tha"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_T._Fields"nited States by surprise. Due to budget cuts in defense sp"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Percy_Whipple" Cold War (see Peace dividend), the Intelli"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" was forced to reevaluate the allocation of its limited resources.[35] In 1999, NIMA supposedly provided NATO war-planners with incorrect maps which did not reflect that the Chinese Embassy in"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade had moved locations, which some[who?]NATO bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade. The "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem,_Massachusetts.JPG"gence Agency">Central Intellige"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/220px-Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG" after they are published, but what is important is having accurate dahttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/330px-Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPGe="Wikihttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/440px-Nathaniel_Hawthorne_statue_-_Salem%2C_Massachusetts.JPGlass="reference">[36] On Jan. 17, 2013, the was grounded on the Tubbataha Reef in the southern Philippines. The Navy investigated the cause of the accident and determi"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ticknor"t—rather, that the ship's leadership team failed to adh"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_T._Fields"nd sound navigation principles. The Navy relied solely on an inaccurate Digital Nautical Char"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"the planning and execution of the navigation plan and failed to appropriately cross-reference additional charts"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"sual cues.[37] From 2013 to 2018, NGA designated the latitude and longitude coordinates of a private "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"default location for Pretoria, South Africa, causing the digital-mapping website IP addresses, which in turn caused people searching for missing phones and other electronics (as well a"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"trying to track down IP addresses in Pretoria and police officers attempting to track criminals) to show up at the residence. The issue was eventually resolved following a private investigation and a requ"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Hawthorne&action=edit§ion=9"id="cite_ref-39" class="reference">[38] Other[edit] Credit Unions[edit]Credit Union (NCE)edit] Constellation Fed"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"on (CFCU) was chartered in 1944 during the Army Map Service era. It continued to serve al"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendentalism"ies' employees and their families with a “once a member, always a member” policy until CFCU merged int"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"eral Credit Union in March 2019.[39] [40] In 2011, upon consolidating most Washington DC metro area NGA employees to "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"f="/wiki/Belvoir_Federal_Credit_Union" class="m"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel"l Credit Union">Belvoir Federal Credit Union (BFCU) became the on-site "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_Letter"ased personnel. In 2016, BFCU merged with Pentagon Federal Credit Union.[41] Credit Union (NCW)[edit] Arsenal Credit Union ("en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" in August 1948 as Aero Chart Credit Union, organized to serve employees of the Aeronautical Chart Plant (ACP), located at the St. Louis Arsenal. The name changed to ACU in 1952, a nod to the St. Louis site's Civil War-era u"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html".[42][43]Gallery[edit] NGA Headquarters "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupid_and_Psyche"llerytext"> NGA headquarters' atrium Letitia Long See also[edit] Cartography Geographic Information System (GIS) GEOnet Names Server Geospatial engineering Geospatial Information Officer Imagery intelligence Orthophoto Satellite imagery Small Sats TransApps References[edit] ^ "BRAC side effect: Greener buildings". May 13, 2011. "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson"/a> b "NGA Campus East Fact Sheet" (PDF). Archived from (PDF) on February 21, 2014. ^ . projects.washingtonpost.com. ^Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Archived November 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. .nga.mil. Retrieved"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"/li> ^ Gellman, Barton; Greg Miller (August 29, 2013). "U.S. spy network's successes, failures and objectives detailed in 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Midas_gold2.jpg/330px-Midas_gold2.jpg. Retrihttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Midas_gold2.jpg/440px-Midas_gold2.jpg8-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+P"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Midas_gold2.jpg"network%27s+successes%2C+failures+and+objectives+detaile"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midas"+budget%27+summary&rft.date=2013-08-29&"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Wonder-Book_for_Girls_and_Boys"n&rft.au=Greg+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fnational-security%2Fblack"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Crane"ils-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives%2F2013%2F08%2F29%2F7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geo"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ence+Agency" class="Z3988"> ^ "GSP - GSP". www.esa.int.^ . intelligencecommunitynews.com. December 28, 2"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_House_of_the_Seven_Gables">. Retrieved February 8, 2019. ^ "10 U.S. Code § 441 - Establishment". LII / Legal Information Institute. "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Wonder-Book_for_Girls_and_Boys"text"> "Geospatial intelligence HQ is now DC's 3rd largest federal office building". Federal News Radio. Retrieved March 19, 2016. "About NGA". Archived from"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ambitious_Guest"xternal text" href="https://www1.nga.mil/about/Pages/default.aspx">the original"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_of_Adamant"cite>^ "Reference Elevation Mode"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Celestial_Railroad"patial Center". www.pgc.umn.edu. ^ "New Antarctica Map Is Like 'Putting on Glasses for the First Time and Seeing 20/20' – A high resolution terrain map of Earth's frozen continent will help researchers better trac"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Hawthorne&action=edit§ion=15"w_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times. Retrieved September 9, 2018. ^ "Thirty ... and thriving". Central Intelligence Agency. December 1, 1991. p. 1ff. Archived from . Retrieved May 30, 2010^"Jan. 18, 1961: National Photographic Interpretation Center""https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Children%27s_literature"title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&a"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg"le=Jan.+18%2C+1961%3A+National+Phot"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png"2FNPIC.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Geospatial-Inthttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png-backlihttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png-1">b NGA HistoryArchived March 20, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, nga.mil ^Nixon, Richard (November 5, 1971). "Memorandum, Subject: Organization and Management of the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Community" (PDF). gwu.edu. Retrieved August 12, 2007. ^ "Defense Mapping Agency". NGA.mil.^ "Guide to Federal Records: Records of the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA)". National Archiveshttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svgssdate">. Retrieved August 12, 2007. ^ "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997" (PDF). September 23, 1996. Retrieved February 10, 2008. "^ Archived September 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, nga.mil ^ "National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004" . Retrieved February 10, 2008., gpo.gov ^ "NGA: September-October 2003 State of the Agency" (PDF). Arc"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nga.mil/ast/fm/acq/Sep-Oct2003Path.pdf">the original on September 19, 2009. ^ "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"t Archived November 5, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, nga.mil ^ Davenport, Christian, "Projects' Costs Are "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"shington Post, March 31, 2009, p. B4 ^ "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ow" class="external text" href="http://www.federaltimes.com/article/20100223/DEPARTMENTS01/2230303/1023/DEPARTMENTS01">"Gates names fir"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ad major intel agency". FederalTimes.com. February 23, 2010. Retrieved February 25, 2010. Letitia Long, currently the Defense Intelligence Agency's deputy director, will take over NGA this summer, Gates said. ^ "Woman takes charge of major intelligence agency for the first time". CNN. August 9, 2010. Retrieved August 11, 2010. ^"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"nce-text"> Ambinder, "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"011). "The Little-Known Agency That Helped Kill Bin Laden". The Atlantic Monthly. "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"cite_note-29">^ "Osama b"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"und Raid". National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Retrieved July 27, 2017 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. ^ a b "Oakland emails give another glimpse into the Google-Military-Surve"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"x". PandoDaily. March 7, 2014. ^ Geospatial Intelligence Aids Hurricane Recovery "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090919163658/http://www.nga.mil/NGASiteContent/StaticFiles/OCR/nga05"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ed September 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, nga.mil ^ Microsoft and NGA Announce Strategic Alliance Arc"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"t the , microsoft.com ^ , FierceGovernmen"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"> ^ . web.archive.org. July 30, 2017. ^ "National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency". GitHub. ^"Secretive map agency"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"rs", CNN.com, December 13, 2002 ^ DCI Statement on the Belgrade Chinese Embassy Bombing to a House Permanent S"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"e on Intelligence Open Hearing, 22 July 1999, CIA ^ . U.S. Navy. R"https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/nathhawtrevi.37.1.0133"n>. ^ Hill, Kashmir (January 9, 2019). . Gizmodo. Retrieved January 10, 2019. ^ "Constellation Federal Credit Union - Miscellaneous - CFCU to NCE". constellationfcu.org. Archived from the original on July 29, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012. ^ "Northwest Federal completes Constellation Federal Credit Union merger". WTO"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2020.^ "PenFed Credit Union merging with Belvoir Federal". WTOP.com. March 31, 2016. Retrieved August 2, ^ "Arsenal Credit Union - Arsenal Credit Union - Our Roots and Structure". Arsenalcu.org. Archived from the original on November 30, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012. ^"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-86675-X"mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/>""Solving the Mystery of the Arsenal Guns" by Randy R."en-wikipedia-org-3504.html" civilwarstlouis.com. Retrieved November 27, 2012. Further reading[] Ambinder, Marc (May 5, 2"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"lass="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archi"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87023-801-9"elped-kill-bin-laden/238454/">"The Little-Known Agency That Helped Kill Bin Laden". . Explains NGA's capabilities. Ex"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"class="mw-editsection">[edit Media related to National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency at Wikimedia Commons Official websiteGEOnet Names Server (GNS) - Database of foreign geographic feature names"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"verage excluding the United States and Antarctica, containing approximately 3.93 million features with 5.45 million names, and their coordinates  : University of Missouri - Columbia r"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-507894-7"rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141014004800/http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp2_03.pdf">JP 2-03, Ge"en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"ligence Support to Joint Operations, 31 October 2012 Commission Report on the National Imagery and Mapping Agency GeoIntelligence: A trade publication covering the uses of spatial technologi"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"nd homeland security by organizations such as NGA Ensor, David (December 13, 2002). "Secretive map agency opens its doors". CNN. DMA Receives Hammer Award, 26 January 1996 Agency Provides More Than Just Maps The trains new analysts in Intelligence Analysis "en-wikipedia-org-3504.html"gation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency_leaders" style="padding:3px"> Auerbach, Nina, Woman and the Demon: The Life of a Victorian Myth (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press 1982) Berlant, Lauren. The Anatomy of National Fantasy: Hawthorne, Utopia, and Everyday Life (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press 1991) Cheever, Susan. American Bloomsbury: Louisa May Alcott, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Henry David Thoreau; Their Lives, Their Loves, Their Work. Detroit: Thorndike Press, 2006. Large print edition. ISBN 0-7862-9521-X. Crews, Frederick. The Sins of the Fathers: Hawthorne's Psychological Themes. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966; reprinted 1989. ISBN 0-520-06817-3. Hoffman, Daniel G. Form and Fable in American Fiction. University of Virginia Press 1994. Madison, Charles A. Irving to Irving: Author-Publisher Relations 1800–1974. New York: R. R. Bowker Company, 1974. McFarland, Philip. Hawthorne in Concord. New York: Grove Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8021-1776-7. Mellow, James R. Nathaniel Hawthorne in His Times. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1980. ISBN 0-395-27602-0. Miller, Edwin Haviland. Salem Is My Dwelling Place: A Life of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1991. ISBN 0-87745-332-2. Paglia, Camille. Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson (New York: Vintage 1991) Porte, Joel. The Romance in America: Studies in Cooper, Poe, Hawthorne, Melville, and James. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1969. Powers, Meredith A. The Heroine in Western Literature: The Archetype and Her Reemergence in Modern Prose (Jefferson, North Carolina and London: McFarland 1991) Reynolds, Larry J. "Hawthorne's Labors in Concord". The Cambridge Companion to Nathaniel Hawthorne. Edited by Richard H. Millington. Cambridge, UK, New York, US, and Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press, 2004. ISBN 052180745X Schreiner, Samuel A., Jr. The Concord Quartet: Alcott, Emerson, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and the Friendship that Freed the American Mind. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2006. ISBN 0-471-64663-6. Splendora, Anthony. "Psyche and Hester, or Apotheosis and Epitome: Natural Grace, La Sagesse Naturale", The Rupkatha Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in the Humanities, Vol. 5, No. 3 (2014), pp. 1–34 http://rupkatha.com/v5n3.php. Van Doren, Mark. Nathaniel Hawthorne: A Critical Biography. 1949; New York: Vintage 1957. Wineapple, Brenda. Hawthorne: A Life. Random House: New York, 2003. ISBN 0-8129-7291-0. Further reading[edit] Bell, Michael Davitt. Hawthorne and the Historical Romance of New England (Princeton University Press, 2015). Forster, Sophia. "Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and the Emergence of American Literary Realism." Studies in the Novel 48.1 (2016): 43–64. online Greven, David. Gender Protest and Same-Sex Desire in Antebellum American Literature: Margaret Fuller, Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Herman Melville (2015). Hallock, Thomas. "'A'is for Acronym: Teaching Hawthorne in a Performance-Based World." ESQ: A Journal of Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Culture 62#1 (2016): 116–121. External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nathaniel Hawthorne. Wikiquote has quotations related to: Nathaniel Hawthorne Wikisource has original works written by or about: Nathaniel Hawthorne About Hawthorne The Hawthorne in Salem website C. E. Frazer Clark collection of Nathaniel Hawthorne at the University of South Carolina Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections. Herman Melville's appreciation, "Hawthorne and His Mosses" (1851) Henry James's book-length study, Hawthorne (1879) Second copy at Project Gutenberg Hawthorne Family Papers, ca. 1825–1929, housed in the Department of Special Collections at Stanford University Libraries "Writings of Nathaniel Hawthorne" from C-SPAN's American Writers: A Journey Through History Hawthorne: Science, Progress, and Human Nature, series of essays on Hawthorne stories at The New Atlantis. Passages from the American Note-Books, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, edited by Sophia Hawthorne, 1868, Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1883 (volume IX of the 13-volume Riverside Edition of the Complete Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne). Joint diary of Sophia and Nathaniel Hawthorne at The Morgan Library & Museum Related websites Hawthorne Community Association and boyhood home in Raymond, Maine The Wayside in Concord, Massachusetts The House of the Seven Gables in Salem, Massachusetts The Phillips Library of The Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts owns several well-known Hawthorne related manuscript collections. Works Works by Nathaniel Hawthorne at Project Gutenberg Works by Nathaniel Hawthorne at Faded Page (Canada) Works by or about Nathaniel Hawthorne at Internet Archive Works by Nathaniel Hawthorne at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Legends of the Province House and Other Twice Told Tales, text and images v t e Nathaniel Hawthorne Novels Fanshawe (1828) The Scarlet Letter (1850) The House of the Seven Gables (1851) The Blithedale Romance (1852) The Marble Faun (1860) The Dolliver Romance (1863) Doctor Grimshaw's Secret (1882) Short story collections Twice-Told Tales (1837) "The Minister's Black Veil" "The May-Pole of Merry Mount" "The Great Carbuncle" "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment" "The Ambitious Guest" Mosses from an Old Manse (1846) "The Birth-Mark" "Young Goodman Brown" "Rappaccini's Daughter" "Egotism; or, The Bosom-Serpent" "Roger Malvin's Burial" "P.'s Correspondence" "The Artist of the Beautiful" "A Virtuoso's Collection" "Feathertop" The Snow-Image, and Other Twice-Told Tales (1852) "The Great Stone Face" "Ethan Brand" "The Man of Adamant" "My Kinsman, Major Molineux" Children's books A Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys (1851) Tanglewood Tales (1853) Related Sophia Hawthorne (wife) Julian Hawthorne (son) Rose Hawthorne (daughter) Nathaniel Hawthorne Birthplace The Old Manse The Wayside House of the Seven Gables v t e Romanticism Countries Denmark England (literature) France (literature) Germany Norway Poland Russia (literature) Scotland Spain (literature) Sweden (literature) Movements Bohemianism Coppet group Counter-Enlightenment Dark romanticism Düsseldorf School Gesamtkunstwerk Gothic fiction Gothic Revival (architecture) Hudson River School Indianism Jena Romanticism Lake Poets Nazarene movement Ossian Romantic hero Romanticism and Bacon Romanticism in science Romantic nationalism Romantic poetry Opium and Romanticism Transcendentalism Ultra-Romanticism Wallenrodism Writers Abovian Abreu Alencar Alfieri Alves Andersen A. v. Arnim B. v. Arnim Azevedo Baratashvili Baratynsky Barbauld (Aikin) Batyushkov Baudelaire Bécquer Beer Bertrand Blake Botev Brentano Bryant Burns Byron Castelo Branco Castilho Chateaubriand Chavchavadze Clare Coleridge Cooper De Quincey Dias Dumas Eichendorff Emerson Eminescu Espronceda Fouqué Foscolo Frashëri Fredro Freire Garrett Gautier Goethe Grimm Brothers Günderrode Gutiérrez Gutzkow Hauff Hawthorne Heine Heliade Herculano Hoffmann Hölderlin Hugo Kostić Irving Isaacs Jakšić Jean Paul Karamzin Keats Kleist Krasiński Küchelbecker Lamartine Landor Lenau Leopardi Lermontov Longfellow Lowell Macedonski Macedo Mácha Magalhães Malczewski Manzoni Maturin Mérimée Mickiewicz Mörike Musset Nalbandian Nerval Njegoš Nodier Norwid Novalis Oehlenschläger O'Neddy Orbeliani Poe Polidori Potocki Prešeren Pushkin Raffi Saavedra Sand Schiller Schwab Scott Seward M. Shelley P. B. Shelley Shevchenko Słowacki Southey De Staël Stendhal Tieck Tyutchev Uhland Varela Vörösmarty Vyazemsky Wordsworth Zhukovsky Zorrilla Music Adam Alkan Auber Beethoven Bellini Bennett Berlioz Bertin Berwald Busoni Brahms Bruch Bruckner Cherubini Chopin Czerny Félicien David Ferdinand David Donizetti Dvořák Elgar Fauré Field Franck Franz Glinka Grieg Gomis Halévy Hummel Joachim Kalkbrenner Liszt Loewe Mahler Marschner Masarnau Medtner Méhul Fanny Mendelssohn Felix Mendelssohn Méreaux Meyerbeer Moniuszko Moscheles Moszkowski Mussorgsky Niedermeyer Onslow Paganini Paderewski Prudent Rachmaninoff Reicha Rimsky-Korsakov Rossini Rubinstein Saint-Saëns Schubert Clara Schumann Robert Schumann Scriabin Sibelius Smetana Sor Spohr Spontini Richard Strauss Tchaikovsky Thalberg Verdi Voříšek Wagner Weber Wolf Theologians and philosophers Barante Belinsky Berchet Chaadayev Coleridge Constant Díaz Emerson Feuerbach Fichte Goethe Hazlitt Hegel Hunt Khomyakov Lamennais Larra Mazzini Michelet Müller Pellico Quinet Ritschl Rousseau Schiller A. Schlegel F. Schlegel Schleiermacher Senancour De Staël Tieck Wackenroder Visual artists Aivazovsky Bierstadt Blake Bonington Bryullov Chassériau Church Constable Cole Corot Dahl David d'Angers Delacroix Friedrich Fuseli Géricault Girodet Głowacki Goya Gude Hayez Janmot Jones Kiprensky Koch Lampi Leutze Loutherbourg Maison Martin Michałowski Palmer Porto-Alegre Préault Révoil Richard Rude Runge Saleh Scheffer Stattler Stroj Tidemand Todorović Tropinin Turner Veit Ward Wiertz Related topics German idealism Historical fiction Mal du siècle Medievalism Neo-romanticism Preromanticism Post-romanticism Sturm und Drang  « Age of Enlightenment Realism »  Associated subjects v t e Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter Characters Hester Prynne Roger Chillingworth Arthur Dimmesdale Film The Scarlet Letter (1908) The Scarlet Letter (1911) The Scarlet Letter (1913) The Scarlet Letter (1922) The Scarlet Letter (1926) The Scarlet Letter (1934) The Scarlet Letter (1973) The Scarlet Letter (1995) Other media The Scarlet Letter (1896 opera) The Scarlet Letter (2016 opera) The Scarlet Letter (1979 TV miniseries) Adaptations The Holder of the World (1993 book) In the Blood (1999 play) Fucking A (2000 play) Easy A (2010 film) Related The Brooklyn Follies In popular culture Pink permits The Minister's Wooing Roger's Version v t e Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Rappaccini's Daughter" Operas The Poisoned Kiss (1929) Rappaccini's Daughter (1991) Film Twice-Told Tales (1963) Comic book inspirations Monica Rappaccini Poison Ivy Scorpion v t e Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Feathertop" Stage The Scarecrow (1908 play) The Scarecrow (2006 opera) Film Puritan Passions (1923) The Scarecrow (2000) v t e Hall of Fame for Great Americans John Adams John Quincy Adams Jane Addams Louis Agassiz Susan B. Anthony John James Audubon George Bancroft Clara Barton Henry Ward Beecher Alexander Graham Bell Daniel Boone Edwin Booth Louis Brandeis Phillips Brooks William Cullen Bryant Luther Burbank Andrew Carnegie George Washington Carver William Ellery Channing Rufus Choate Henry Clay Grover Cleveland James Fenimore Cooper Peter Cooper Charlotte Cushman James Buchanan Eads Thomas Alva Edison Jonathan Edwards Ralph Waldo Emerson David Farragut Stephen Foster Benjamin Franklin Robert Fulton Josiah W. Gibbs William C. Gorgas Ulysses S. Grant Asa Gray Alexander Hamilton Nathaniel Hawthorne Joseph Henry Patrick Henry Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Mark Hopkins Elias Howe Washington Irving Andrew Jackson Thomas J. Jackson Thomas Jefferson John Paul Jones James Kent Sidney Lanier Robert E. Lee Abraham Lincoln Henry Wadsworth Longfellow James Russell Lowell Mary Lyon Edward MacDowell James Madison Horace Mann John Marshall Matthew Fontaine Maury Albert A. Michelson Maria Mitchell James Monroe Samuel F. B. Morse William T. G. Morton John Lothrop Motley Simon Newcomb Thomas Paine Alice Freeman Palmer Francis Parkman George Peabody William Penn Edgar Allan Poe Walter Reed Franklin D. Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt Augustus Saint-Gaudens William Tecumseh Sherman John Philip Sousa Joseph Story Harriet Beecher Stowe Gilbert Stuart Sylvanus Thayer Henry David Thoreau Mark Twain Lillian Wald Booker T. Washington George Washington Daniel Webster George Westinghouse James McNeill Whistler Walt Whitman Eli Whitney John Greenleaf Whittier Emma Willard Frances Willard Roger Williams Woodrow Wilson Orville Wright Wilbur Wright Authority control BIBSYS: 90071240 BNE: XX837340 BNF: cb130914881 (data) CANTIC: a11079824 GND: 118709305 ICCU: IT\ICCU\CFIV\003068 ISNI: 0000 0001 2130 4861 LCCN: n79007728 LNB: 000026970 MBA: 72814fde-3d14-4b85-90ea-0e9d970fac02 NARA: 10581152 NDL: 00442747 NKC: jn19990003262 NLA: 35180308 NLK: KAC199611832 NLP: A11792486 NTA: 229709761 PLWABN: 9810542609605606 SELIBR: 210460 SNAC: w6251kk6 SUDOC: 026916649 Trove: 854344 ULAN: 500319268 VcBA: 495/127367 VIAF: 44435463 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n79007728 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nathaniel_Hawthorne&oldid=1003314953" Categories: Nathaniel Hawthorne 1804 births 1864 deaths 19th-century American diplomats 19th-century American novelists American male novelists American male short story writers American people of English descent Bowdoin College alumni Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees Massachusetts Democrats People from Concord, Massachusetts People from Raymond, Maine Self-published authors United States consuls in Liverpool Writers from Salem, Massachusetts 19th-century American short story writers People from Lenox, Massachusetts 19th-century male writers Novelists from Massachusetts Writers of Gothic fiction Weird fiction writers Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Use mdy dates from December 2014 All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from September 2010 Articles with unsourced statements from May 2016 Articles with unsourced statements from October 2019 Commons link from Wikidata Articles with Project Gutenberg links Articles with Internet Archive links Articles with LibriVox links Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ICCU identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with LNB identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLP identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers AC with 25 elements Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Languages Afrikaans العربية Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân-lâm-gú Беларуская Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎ Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Jawa ქართული Kotava Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Malagasy മലയാളം مصرى မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands नेपाल भाषा 日本語 Norsk bokmål Occitan ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Polski Português Română Русский Scots Simple English Slovenčina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska தமிழ் ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Winaray 吴语 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 28 January 2021, at 11:53 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement