Ideogram - Wikipedia Ideogram From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept "Ideograph" redirects here. For the rhetorical device, see Ideograph (rhetoric). Writing systems History Grapheme List of writing systems Major current examples Latin alphabet Cyrillic script Chinese characters Arabic alphabet Devanagari Kana Hangul Hebrew alphabet Greek alphabet Types Alphabet Abjad (Impure Abjad) Abugida Syllabary Semi-syllabary Logography Logophonetic Shorthand Featural Related topics Pictogram Ideogram v t e An ideogram or ideograph (from Greek ἰδέα idéa "idea" and γράφω gráphō "to write") is a graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept, independent of any particular language, and specific words or phrases. Some ideograms are comprehensible only by familiarity with prior convention; others convey their meaning through pictorial resemblance to a physical object, and thus may also be referred to as pictograms. Contents 1 Terminology 2 Mathematics 3 Proposed universal languages 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Terminology[edit] Further information: Character (symbol) and Logogram Comparative evolution from pictograms to abstract shapes, in cuneiform, Egyptian and Chinese characters. "No dogs allowed" sign in Spain. The dog illustration is a pictogram. The red circle and bar is an ideogram representing the idea of "no" or "not allowed". Ideograms in the Church of the Visitation, Jerusalem In proto-writing, used for inventories and the like, physical objects are represented by stylized or conventionalized pictures, or pictograms. For example, the pictorial Dongba symbols without Geba annotation cannot represent the Naxi language, but are used as a mnemonic for reciting oral literature.[1] Some systems also use ideograms, symbols denoting abstract concepts. The term "ideogram" is often used to describe symbols of writing systems such as Egyptian hieroglyphs, Sumerian cuneiform and Chinese characters. However, these symbols represent elements of a particular language, mostly words or morphemes (so that they are logograms), rather than objects or concepts. In these writing systems, a variety of strategies were employed in the design of logographic symbols. Pictographic symbols depict the object referred to by the word, such as an icon of a bull denoting the Semitic word ʾālep "ox". Some words denoting abstract concepts may be represented iconically, but most other words are represented using the rebus principle, borrowing a symbol for a similarly-sounding word. Later systems used selected symbols to represent the sounds of the language, for example the adaptation of the logogram for ʾālep "ox" as the letter aleph representing the initial sound of the word, a glottal stop. Many signs in hieroglyphic as well as in cuneiform writing could be used either logographically or phonetically. For example, the Akkadian sign DIĜIR (𒀭) could represent the god An, the word diĝir 'deity' or the word an 'sky'. The Akkadian counterpart could represent the Akkadian stem il- 'deity', the Akkadian word šamu 'sky', or the syllable an. Although Chinese characters are logograms, two of the smaller classes in the traditional classification are ideographic in origin: Simple ideographs (指事字 zhǐshìzì) are abstract symbols such as 上 shàng "up" and 下 xià "down" or numerals such as 三 sān "three". Semantic compounds (会意字 huìyìzì) are semantic combinations of characters, such as 明 míng "bright", composed of 日 rì "sun" and 月 yuè "moon", or 休 xiū "rest", composed of 人 rén "person" and 木 mù "tree". In the light of the modern understanding of Old Chinese phonology, researchers now believe that most of the characters originally classified as semantic compounds have an at least partially phonetic nature.[2] An example of ideograms is the collection of 50 signs developed in the 1970s by the American Institute of Graphic Arts at the request of the US Department of Transportation.[3] The system was initially used to mark airports and gradually became more widespread. Mathematics[edit] Mathematical symbols are a type of ideogram.[4] Proposed universal languages[edit] See also: Pasigraphy Inspired by inaccurate early descriptions of Chinese and Japanese characters as ideograms, many Western thinkers have sought to design universal written languages, in which symbols denote concepts rather than words. An early proposal was An Essay towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language (1668) by John Wilkins. A recent example is the system of Blissymbols, which was proposed by Charles K. Bliss in 1949 and currently includes over 2,000 symbols.[5] See also[edit] Character (computing) Character (symbol) Emoji Heterogram (linguistics) Icon (computing) Lexigram List of symbols List of writing systems (including a sublist of ideographic systems) Logotype Segmental script (a script that has a grapheme for each phoneme) Therblig Traffic sign References[edit] ^ Ramsey, S. Robert (1987). The Languages of China. Princeton University Press. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-691-01468-5. ^ Boltz, William (1994). The origin and early development of the Chinese writing system. American Oriental Society. pp. 67–72, 149. ISBN 978-0-940490-78-9. ^ Symbols and signs, AIGA. ^ Rotman, Brian (2000). Mathematics as Sign: Writing, Imagining, Counting. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3684-8. ^ Unger (2003), pp. 13–16. DeFrancis, John. 1990. The Chinese Language: Fact and Fantasy. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1068-6 Hannas, William. C. 1997. Asia's Orthographic Dilemma. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1892-X (paperback); ISBN 0-8248-1842-3 (hardcover) Unger, J. Marshall. 2003. Ideogram: Chinese Characters and the Myth of Disembodied Meaning. ISBN 0-8248-2760-0 (trade paperback), ISBN 0-8248-2656-6 (hardcover) External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ideograms. The Ideographic Myth Extract from DeFrancis' book. American Heritage Dictionary definition Merriam-Webster OnLine definition Links to related articles v t e Visualization of technical information Fields Biological data visualization Chemical imaging Crime mapping Data visualization Educational visualization Flow visualization Geovisualization Information visualization Mathematical visualization Medical imaging Molecular graphics Product visualization Scientific visualization Software visualization Technical drawing User interface design Visual culture Volume visualization Image types Chart Diagram Engineering drawing Graph of a function Ideogram Map Photograph Pictogram Plot Sankey diagram Schematic Skeletal formula Statistical graphics Table Technical drawings Technical illustration People Jacques Bertin Cynthia Brewer Stuart Card Sheelagh Carpendale Thomas A. DeFanti Borden Dent Michael Friendly George Furnas Pat Hanrahan Nigel Holmes Christopher R. Johnson Gordon Kindlmann August Kekulé Manuel Lima Alan MacEachren Jock D. Mackinlay Michael Maltz Bruce H. McCormick Miriah Meyer Charles Joseph Minard Rudolf Modley Gaspard Monge Tamara Munzner Otto Neurath Florence Nightingale Hanspeter Pfister Clifford A. Pickover Catherine Plaisant William Playfair Karl Wilhelm Pohlke Adolphe Quetelet George G. Robertson Arthur H. Robinson Lawrence J. Rosenblum Ben Shneiderman Claudio Silva Fraser Stoddart Edward Tufte Fernanda Viégas Ade Olufeko Howard Wainer Martin Wattenberg Bang Wong Mauro Martino Moritz Stefaner Related topics Cartography Chartjunk Computer graphics in computer science CPK coloring Graph drawing Graphic design Graphic organizer Imaging science Information graphics Information science Misleading graph Neuroimaging Patent drawing Scientific modelling Spatial analysis Visual analytics Visual perception Volume cartography Volume rendering Information art v t e Writing systems Index of language articles Overview History of writing History of the alphabet Graphemes Scripts in Unicode Lists Writing systems Languages by writing system / by first written account Undeciphered writing systems Creators of writing systems Types Featural Alphabets Abjads Alphasyllabaries / Abugidas Semi-syllabaries Syllabaries Ideogrammic Pictographic Logographic Numeral v t e Types of writing systems Overview History of writing Grapheme Lists Writing systems undeciphered inventors constructed Languages by writing system / by first written accounts Types Abjads Numerals Aramaic Hatran Arabic Egyptian hieroglyphs Hebrew Ashuri Cursive Rashi Solitreo Tifinagh Manichaean Nabataean Old North Arabian Pahlavi Pegon Phoenician Paleo-Hebrew Pitman shorthand Proto-Sinaitic Psalter Pahlavi Punic Samaritan South Arabian Zabur Musnad Sogdian Syriac ʾEsṭrangēlā Serṭā Maḏnḥāyā Teeline Shorthand Ugaritic Abugidas Brahmic Northern Assamese Bengali Bhaiksuki Bhujimol Brāhmī Devanāgarī Dogri Gujarati Gupta Gurmukhī Kaithi Kalinga Khojki Khudabadi Laṇḍā Lepcha Limbu Mahajani Meitei Modi Multani Nagari Nandinagari Odia Karani ʼPhags-pa Pracalit (Newar) Ranjana Sharada Siddhaṃ Soyombo Sylheti Nagari Takri Tibetan Uchen Umê Tirhuta Tocharian Zanabazar Square Marchen Marchung Pungs-chen Pungs-chung Drusha Southern Ahom Balinese Batak Baybayin Bhattiprolu Buhid Burmese Chakma Cham Grantha Goykanadi Hanunuo (Hanunó'o) Javanese Kadamba Kannada Karen Kawi Khmer Kulitan Lanna Lao Leke Lontara (Bilang-bilang) Makasar Malayalam Old Maldivian Dhives Akuru Eveyla Akuru Mon (Old Mon) New Tai Lue Pallava Pyu Rejang Rencong Saurashtra Shan Sinhala Sundanese (Old Sundanese) Tagbanwa Tai Le Tai Tham Tai Viet Tamil Tamil-Brahmi Telugu Thai Tigalari Vatteluttu Kolezhuthu Malayanma Others Boyd's syllabic shorthand Canadian syllabics Blackfoot Déné syllabics Fox I Geʽez Gunjala Gondi Japanese Braille Jenticha Kharosthi Mandombe Masaram Gondi Meroitic Miao Mwangwego Pahawh Hmong Sorang Sompeng Thaana Thomas Natural Shorthand Warang Citi Alphabets Linear Abkhaz Adlam Armenian Avestan Avoiuli Bassa Vah Borama Carian Caucasian Albanian Coelbren Coorgi–Cox alphabet Coptic Cyrillic Deseret Duployan shorthand Chinook writing Early Cyrillic Eclectic shorthand Elbasan Etruscan Evenki Fox II Fraser Gabelsberger shorthand Garay Georgian Asomtavruli Nuskhuri Mkhedruli Glagolitic Gothic Gregg shorthand Greek Greco-Iberian alphabet Hangul Hanifi IPA Jenticha Kaddare Kayah Li Klingon Latin Beneventan Blackletter Carolingian minuscule Fraktur Gaelic Insular Kurrent Merovingian Sigla Sütterlin Tironian notes Visigothic Luo Lycian Lydian Manchu Mandaic Medefaidrin Molodtsov Mongolian Mru Neo-Tifinagh N'Ko Ogham Oirat Ol Chiki Old Hungarian Old Italic Old Permic Orkhon Old Uyghur Osage Osmanya Pau Cin Hau Runic Anglo-Saxon Cipher Dalecarlian Elder Futhark Younger Futhark Gothic Marcomannic Medieval Staveless Sidetic Shavian Somali Sorang Sompeng Tifinagh Tolong Siki Vagindra Vietnamese Visible Speech Vithkuqi Wancho Warang Citi Zaghawa Non-linear Braille Maritime flags Telegraph code New York Point Flag semaphore Moon type Ideograms and pictograms Adinkra Aztec Blissymbol Dongba Ersu Shaba Emoji IConji Isotype Kaidā Míkmaq Mixtec New Epoch Notation Painting Nsibidi Ojibwe Hieroglyphs Siglas poveiras Testerian Yerkish Zapotec Logograms Chinese family of scripts Chinese Characters Simplified Traditional Oracle bone script Bronze Script Seal Script large small bird-worm Hanja Idu Kanji Chữ Nôm Zhuang Chinese-influenced Jurchen Khitan large script Sui Tangut Cuneiform Akkadian Assyrian Elamite Hittite Luwian Sumerian Other logo-syllabic Anatolian Bagam Cretan Isthmian Maya Proto-Elamite Yi (Classical) Logo-consonantal Demotic Hieratic Hieroglyphs Numerals Hindu-Arabic Abjad Attic (Greek) Muisca Roman Semi-syllabaries Full Celtiberian Northeastern Iberian Southeastern Iberian Khom Redundant Espanca Pahawh Hmong Khitan small script Southwest Paleohispanic Zhuyin fuhao Somacheirograms ASLwrite SignWriting si5s Stokoe Notation Syllabaries Afaka Bamum Bété Byblos Canadian Aboriginal Cherokee Cypriot Cypro-Minoan Ditema tsa Dinoko Eskayan Geba Great Lakes Algonquian Iban Japanese Hiragana Katakana Man'yōgana Hentaigana Sogana Jindai moji Kikakui Kpelle Linear B Linear Elamite Lisu Loma Nüshu Nwagu Aneke script Old Persian Cuneiform Sumerian Vai Woleai Yi (Modern) Yugtun v t e Braille ⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑ Braille cell 1829 braille International uniformity ASCII braille Unicode braille patterns Braille scripts French-ordered Albanian Azerbaijani Cantonese Catalan Chinese (mainland Mandarin) (largely reassigned) Czech Dutch English (Unified English) Esperanto French German Ghanaian Guarani Hawaiian Hungarian Iñupiaq IPA Irish Italian Latvian Lithuanian Luxembourgish (extended to 8-dots) Maltese Māori Navajo Nigerian Philippine Polish Portuguese Romanian Samoan Slovak South African Spanish Taiwanese Mandarin (largely reassigned) Turkish Vietnamese Welsh Yugoslav Zambian Nordic family Estonian Faroese Icelandic Northern Sami Scandinavian Danish Finnish Greenlandic Norwegian Swedish Russian lineage family i.e. Cyrillic-mediated scripts Belarusian Bulgarian Kazakh Kyrgyz Mongolian Russian Tatar Ukrainian Egyptian lineage family i.e. Arabic-mediated scripts Arabic Persian Urdu (Pakistan) Indian lineage family i.e. Bharati Braille (see here for more) Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali) Bengali Punjabi Sinhala Tamil Urdu (India) Other scripts Amharic Armenian Burmese Cambodian Dzongkha (Bhutanese) Georgian Greek Hebrew Inuktitut (reassigned vowels) Thai & Lao (Japanese vowels) Tibetan Reordered Algerian Braille (obsolete) Frequency-based American Braille (obsolete) Independent Chinese semi-syllabaries Cantonese Mainland Chinese Mandarin Taiwanese Mandarin Two-Cell Chinese (Shuangpin) Japanese Korean Eight-dot Luxembourgish Kanji Gardner–Salinas braille codes (GS8) Symbols in braille Braille music Canadian currency marks Computer Braille Code Gardner–Salinas braille codes (science; GS8/GS6) International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Nemeth braille code Braille technology Braille e-book Braille embosser Braille translator Braille watch Mountbatten Brailler Optical braille recognition Perforation Perkins Brailler Refreshable braille display Slate and stylus Braigo Persons Louis Braille Charles Barbier Valentin Haüy Thakur Vishva Narain Singh Sabriye Tenberken William Bell Wait Organisations Braille Institute of America Braille Without Borders Japan Braille Library National Braille Association Blindness organizations Schools for the blind American Printing House for the Blind Other tactile alphabets Decapoint Moon type New York Point Night writing Vibratese Related topics Accessible publishing Braille literacy RoboBraille v t e Electronic writing systems Emoticons Emoji Kaomoji iConji Leet Unicode v t e Internet slang variants 3arabizi Alay (Indonesia) Denglisch Doge DoggoLingo Fingilish (Persian) Greeklish Gyaru-moji (Japan) Jejemon (Philippines) Leet ("1337") Lolspeak / LOLspeak / Kitteh Martian language (Chinese) Miguxês (Portuguese) O RLY? Padonkaffsky jargon (Russian) Pseudo-Chinese Translit Volapuk See also English internet slang (at Wiktionary) SMS language Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ideogram&oldid=988255136" Categories: Communication design Graphic design Pictograms Writing systems Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text Commons category link is on Wikidata Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages العربية Asturianu Башҡортса भोजपुरी Български Català Dansk Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto فارسی Français Frysk Galego ગુજરાતી 한국어 हिन्दी Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia עברית ქართული Қазақша Кыргызча Македонски Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча Polski Português Română Русский Simple English سنڌي Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو 中文 Madhurâ Edit links This page was last edited on 12 November 2020, at 01:41 (UTC). 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