id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 3 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 17 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 18 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 20 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 22 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 24 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 25 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 26 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 27 ייִדיש‎ ייִדיש‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 29 יידיש‎ יידיש‎ JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 31 אידיש‎ אידיש‎ NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 33 yidish yidish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 34 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 35 idish idish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 36 Pronunciation Pronunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 37 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 38 ˈ(j)ɪdɪʃ ˈ(j)ɪdɪʃ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 40 Native Native NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 41   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 42 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 43 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 45 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 48 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 49 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 50 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 51 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 53 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 55 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 56 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 58 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 59 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 61 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 62 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 63 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 64 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 65 populations[1 populations[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 66 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 67 Ethnicity Ethnicity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 68 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 69 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 70 Native Native NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 71 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 72 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 73 1.5 1.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 74 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 75 cited cite VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 76 1986–1991 1986–1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 77 + + CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 78 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 79 undated)[1 undated)[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 80 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 81 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 82 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 83 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 84 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 85 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 86 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 87 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 88 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 89 Elbe Elbe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 90 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 91 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 92 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 93 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 94 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 95 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 96 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 97 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 98 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 99 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 100 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 101 German[2][3 german[2][3 NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 102 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 103 Writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 104 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 105 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 106 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 107 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 108 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 109 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 110 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 111 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 112 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 113 alphabet[4 alphabet[4 JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 114 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 115 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 116 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 117 Recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 118 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 119 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 120   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 121 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 122 Belarus Belarus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 123 Bosnia Bosnia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 124 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 125 Herzegovina[5 Herzegovina[5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 126 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 127 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 128 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 129 Netherlands[5 Netherlands[5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 130 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 131 Poland[5 Poland[5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 132 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 133 Romania[5 Romania[5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 134 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 135 Sweden[5 sweden[5 NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 136 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 137 Ukraine[5 ukraine[5 NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 138 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 139 Regulated regulate VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 140   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 141 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 142 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 143 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 144 bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 145 YIVO yivo NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 146 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 147 facto facto FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 148 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 149 codes code VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 150 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 151 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 152 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 153 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 154 yi yi CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 155 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 156 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 157 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 158 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 159 yid yid NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 160 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 161 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 162 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 163 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 164 yid yid NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 165 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 166 inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 167 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 168 Individual Individual NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 169 codes code NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 170 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 171 ydd ydd NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 172   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 173 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 174   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 175 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 176 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 177 yih yih NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 178   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 179 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 180   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 181 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 182 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 183 Glottolog Glottolog NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 184 yidd1255 yidd1255 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 185 Linguasphere Linguasphere NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 186 52-ACB 52-acb CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 187 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 188 g g NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 189 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 190 52-ACB 52-acb CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 191 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 192 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 193 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 194 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 195 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 196 + + CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 197 52-ACB 52-acb CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 198 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 199 gb gb NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 200 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 201 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 202 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 203 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 204 totalling total VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 205 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 206 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 207 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 208 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 209 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 210 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 211 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 212 1828 1828 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 213 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 214 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 215 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 216 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 217 Holiday Holiday NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 218 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 219 Purim Purim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 220 play play NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 221 Esther Esther NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 222 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 223 oder oder NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 224 die die VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 225 belohnte belohnte NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 226 Tugend tugend NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 227 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 228 Fürth Fürth NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 229 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 230 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 231 Nürnberg Nürnberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 232 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 233 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 234 Bavaria Bavaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 1 235 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 3 ייִדיש ייִדיש NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 5 יידיש יידיש NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 7 אידיש אידיש NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 9 yidish yidish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 11 idish idish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 13 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 15 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 16 ˈ(j)ɪdɪʃ ˈ(j)ɪdɪʃ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 19 lit light VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 2 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 1 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 3 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 6 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 7 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 8 ייִדיש ייִדיש NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 10 טײַטש טײַטש NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 12 Yidish Yidish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 14 Taytsh Taytsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 16 lit light VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 3 18 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 1 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 3 German')[6 german')[6 NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 7 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 8 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 10 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 12 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 13 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 16 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 17 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 4 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 2 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 3 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 5 9th 9th NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 6 century[7 century[7 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 9 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 10 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 12 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 14 nascent nascent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 15 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 16 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 19 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 20 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 22 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 23 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 24 fused fuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 26 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 27 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 29 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 31 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 33 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 34 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 35 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 37 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 38 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 40 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 41 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 44 traces trace NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 46 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 47 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 5 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 6 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 6 2 8][9][10 8][9][10 NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 6 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 6 4 Yiddish yiddish NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 6 5 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 6 6 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 6 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 6 8 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 6 9 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 6 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 4 1990s[update 1990s[update CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 9 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 10 1.5–2 1.5–2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 12 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 13 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 17 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 18 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 20 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 21 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 7 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 2 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 3 surviving surviving NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 4 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 5 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 8 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 11 call call VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 14 לשון־אַשכּנז‎ לשון־אַשכּנז‎ VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 16 loshn loshn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 18 ashknaz ashknaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 23 Ashkenaz Ashkenaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 27 טײַטש‎ טײַטש‎ ADD en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 29 taytsh taytsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 33 variant variant NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 35 tiutsch tiutsch NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 38 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 39 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 41 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 42 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 43 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 8 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 1 Colloquially colloquially RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 6 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 7 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 8 מאַמע־לשון‎ מאַמע־לשון‎ ADD en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 10 mame mame NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 12 loshn loshn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 14 lit lit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 9 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 1 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 2 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 3 tongue tongue NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 4 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 7 distinguishing distinguish VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 10 לשון־קודש‎ לשון־קודש‎ ADD en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 12 loshn loshn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 13 koydesh koydesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 16 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 17 tongue tongue NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 21 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 22 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 24 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 10 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 7 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 9 Yidish Yidish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 10 Taitsh Taitsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 14 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 18 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 20 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 22 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 23 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 24 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 25 designation designation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 28 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 29 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 31 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 32 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 11 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 3 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 4 19th 19th NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 8 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 14 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 15 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 16 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 18 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 21 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 23 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 24 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 25 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 26 contexts,[clarification contexts,[clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 27 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 29 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 31 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 33 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 34 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 36 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 37 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 38 designation designation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 39 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 12 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 13 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 13 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 13 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 13 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 13 5 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 13 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 13 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 13 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 13 9 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 13 10 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 13 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 14 1 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 14 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 14 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 14 4 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 14 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 14 6 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 14 7 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 14 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 2 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 3 Southeastern Southeastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 5 Ukrainian Ukrainian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 7 Romanian Romanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 10 Mideastern Mideastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 12 Polish Polish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 14 Galician Galician NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 15 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 16 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 17 Hungarian Hungarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 20 Northeastern Northeastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 22 Lithuanian lithuanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 23 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 24 Belarusian Belarusian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 26 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 15 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 1 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 3 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 5 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 6 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 9 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 10 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 11 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 15 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 16 inclusion inclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 18 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 20 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 21 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 16 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 1 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 4 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 6 Southwestern Southwestern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 8 Swiss Swiss NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 9 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 10 Alsatian alsatian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 12 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 13 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 16 Midwestern Midwestern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 18 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 19 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 23 Northwestern Northwestern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 25 Netherlandic Netherlandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 26 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 27 Northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 28 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 30 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 17 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 3 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 6 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 8 Haredi haredi JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 9 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 10 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 11 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 16 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 20 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 22 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 26 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 27 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 28 settings setting NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 29 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 30 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 31 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 32 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 36 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 38 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 39 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 40 yeshivas yeshiva NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 18 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 11 adjectival adjectival NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 12 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 14 synonymously synonymously RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 17 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 21 designate designate VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 22 attributes attribute NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 24 Yiddishkeit Yiddishkeit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 27 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 28 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 32 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 34 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 35 cooking cooking NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 38 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 39 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 41 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 42 klezmer klezmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 19 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 4 Prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 7 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 11 11–13 11–13 VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 13 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 14 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 16 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 17 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 18 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 20 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 21 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 22 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 20 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 4 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 5 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 8 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 11 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 14 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 17 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 19 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 20 speakers,[13 speakers,[13 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 22 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 25 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 26 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 29 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 32 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 21 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 1 Assimilation assimilation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 2 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 3 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 4 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 5 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 7 aliyah aliyah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 9 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 11 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 13 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 14 decreased decrease VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 16 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 18 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 19 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 20 survivors survivor NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 22 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 24 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 26 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 27 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 29 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 33 Americas Americas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 22 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 4 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 8 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 10 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 12 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 13 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 23 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 3 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 6 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 7 Written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 8 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 9 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 10 Printing print VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 11 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 12 Secularization Secularization NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 13 2.4 2.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 14 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 16 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 17 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 18 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 19 Writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 20 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 21 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 22 Numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 24 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 25 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 26 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 29 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 30 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 31 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 33 Zionism Zionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 34 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 35 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 36 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 37 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 38 Former Former NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 39 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 40 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 41 6.3.1 6.3.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 42 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 43 6.3.1.1 6.3.1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 44 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 45 Autonomous Autonomous NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 46 Oblast Oblast NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 47 6.3.2 6.3.2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 48 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 49 6.4 6.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 50 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 52 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 53 6.5 6.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 54 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 55 6.6 6.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 56 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 57 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 58 6.6.1 6.6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 59 Present Present NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 60 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 61 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 62 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 63 6.7 6.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 64 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 65 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 66 6.8 6.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 67 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 68 6.9 6.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 69 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 70 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 71 6.10 6.10 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 72 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 73 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 74 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 75 6.11 6.11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 76 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 77 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 78 Influence Influence NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 79 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 80 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 81 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 82 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 83 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 84 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 85 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 86 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 87 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 88 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 89 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 90 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 91 Bibliography bibliography NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 92 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 93 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 94 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 95 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 96 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 97 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 98 Origins[edit Origins[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 99 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 100 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 101 established established JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 102 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 103 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 104 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 105 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 106 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 107 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 108 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 109 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 110 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 111 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 112 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 113 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 114 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 115 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 116 learned learn VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 117 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 118 co co JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 119 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 120 territorial territorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 121 vernaculars vernacular NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 122 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 123 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 124 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 125 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 126 Judaized judaize VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 24 127 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 3 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 8 scenario scenario NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 9 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 12 emerging emerge VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 13 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 14 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 16 Zarphatic zarphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 18 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 20 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 23 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 24 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 26 Romance romance NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 27 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 28 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 30 acquire acquire VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 31 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 33 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 34 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 35 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 39 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 40 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 42 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 43 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 44 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 45 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 25 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 2 14][15 14][15 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 4 Exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 5 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 6 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 7 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 8 lies lie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 9 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 11 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 12 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 14 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 16 disputed dispute VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 26 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 2 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 3 Weinreich Weinreich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 5 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 8 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 10 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 11 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 13 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 14 Italian Italian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 17 literate literate JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 19 either either DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 20 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 21 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 23 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 26 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 28 migrated migrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 29 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 30 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 31 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 33 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 36 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 37 Valley Valley NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 39 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 40 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 41 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 43 Lotharingia Lotharingia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 45 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 46 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 48 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 49 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 50 Loter Loter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 52 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 53 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 54 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 56 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 58 France;[16 France;[16 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 59 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 60 There there RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 62 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 63 encountered encounter VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 65 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 66 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 67 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 68 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 69 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 70 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 71 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 72 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 73 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 74 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 75 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 76 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 77 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 78 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 27 79 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 2 Weinreich Weinreich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 4 Solomon Solomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 5 Birnbaum Birnbaum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 6 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 8 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 9 further far RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 12 mid-1950s mid-1950 NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 28 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 5 Weinreich Weinreich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 7 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 10 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 11 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 12 substrate substrate NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 13 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 14 bifurcated bifurcate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 16 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 17 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 18 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 23 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 25 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 26 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 29 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 5 retained retain VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 7 Semitic semitic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 8 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 10 constructions construction NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 11 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 13 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 14 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 16 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 18 Judeo judeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 20 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 21 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 23 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 25 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 27 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 30 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 31 autonomous autonomous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 32 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 30 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 1 Later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 2 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 3 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 5 finessed finesse VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 7 Weinreich Weinreich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 8 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 10 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 11 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 12 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 17 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 20 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 22 contention contention NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 23 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 25 characterization characterization NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 27 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 28 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 29 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 32 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 34 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 35 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 36 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 37 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 38 adstrata adstrata NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 42 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 44 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 46 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 47 fusion fusion NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 31 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 2 theorists theorist NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 3 argue argue VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 6 fusion fusion NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 7 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 10 Bavarian bavarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 11 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 12 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 32 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 2 15][19 15][19 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 5 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 6 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 7 candidates candidate NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 10 germinal germinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 11 matrix matrix NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 13 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 16 Rhineland Rhineland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 18 Bavaria Bavaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 22 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 23 incompatible incompatible JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 33 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 3 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 5 parallel parallel JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 6 developments development NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 10 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 12 seeding seed VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 14 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 16 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 17 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 19 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 20 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 34 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 1 Dovid Dovid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 2 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 3 proposes propose VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 6 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 8 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 10 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 12 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 13 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 15 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 17 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 18 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 21 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 22 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 35 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 5 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 7 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 8 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 11 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 12 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 13 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 15 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 16 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 17 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 19 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 22 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 24 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 28 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 31 Forward Forward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 32 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 33 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 37 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 40 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 41 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 42 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 43 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 44 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 46 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 47 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 48 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 49 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 50 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 51 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 52 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 53 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 55 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 57 Weinreich Weinreich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 59 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 60 challengers challenger NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 61 alike alike RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 36 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 3 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 5 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 6 Wexler Wexler NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 7 proposed propose VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 9 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 11 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 13 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 14 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 19 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 20 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 21 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 22 Yiddish,[18 Yiddish,[18 , en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 27 genetically genetically RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 28 grounded ground VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 31 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 32 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 33 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 34 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 36 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 37 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 39 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 40 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 42 Sorbian Sorbian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 46 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 47 West west JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 48 Slavic slavic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 49 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 51 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 52 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 53 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 54 relexified relexifie VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 55 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 56 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 57 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 37 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 5 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 6 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 7 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 9 Wexler Wexler NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 11 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 13 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 14 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 16 unrelated unrelated JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 17 genetically genetically RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 19 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 20 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 38 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 1 Wexler Wexler NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 3 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 6 met meet VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 8 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 9 academic academic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 10 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 13 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 14 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 15 challenges challenge NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 17 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 18 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 19 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 20 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 39 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 2 15][18 15][18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 4 History[edit History[edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 6 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 8 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 12 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 14 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 16 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 18 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 19 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 21 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 24 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 25 אשכּנזי‎ אשכּנזי‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 26 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 29 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 31 אשכּנז‎ אשכּנז‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 32 Ashkenaz Ashkenaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 34 Genesis Genesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 35 10:3 10:3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 39 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 40 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 41 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 43 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 44 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 46 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 40 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 4 Ashkenaz Ashkenaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 6 centered center VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 9 Rhineland Rhineland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 11 Mainz Mainz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 15 Palatinate Palatinate NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 17 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 18 Worms Worms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 20 Speyer Speyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 24 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 26 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 28 westernmost westernmost NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 29 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 31 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 41 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 2 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 3 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 4 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 6 coincide coincide VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 9 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 10 principalities principality NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 13 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 17 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 18 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 19 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 42 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 1 Ashkenaz Ashkenaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 2 bordered border VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 5 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 6 inhabited inhabit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 8 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 9 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 10 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 11 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 12 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 15 Sephardi Sephardi NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 18 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 19 ranged range VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 20 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 21 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 22 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 43 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 1 Ashkenazi ashkenazi NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 2 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 3 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 4 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 6 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 7 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 9 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 11 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 12 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 13 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 44 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 4 Nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 8 certainty certainty NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 9 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 11 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 14 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 15 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 17 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 20 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 21 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 22 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 23 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 24 put put VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 25 forward forward RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 45 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 6 Ashkenazim Ashkenazim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 10 noted note VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 11 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 14 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 16 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 20 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 23 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 25 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 27 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 28 Judea Judea NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 30 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 32 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 33 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 34 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 46 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 2 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 3 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 5 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 6 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 8 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 9 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 10 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 12 Syrian syrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 13 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 14 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 17 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 18 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 20 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 21 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 23 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 25 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 26 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 27 reinforced reinforce VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 29 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 31 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 32 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 33 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 34 engaged engage VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 36 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 47 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 2 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 3 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 9 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 13 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 14 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 15 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 17 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 19 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 21 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 26 reflected reflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 28 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 29 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 30 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 31 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 33 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 35 Kalonymos Kalonymos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 37 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 38 Todres Todres NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 48 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 1 Hebrew Hebrew VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 6 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 9 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 12 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 14 reserved reserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 16 ritual ritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 18 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 19 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 23 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 24 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 49 25 . . . 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50 24 absorbed absorb VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 50 25 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 50 26 migrations migration NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 50 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 3 settlers settler NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 4 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 5 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 6 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 7 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 8 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 10 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 15 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 18 Romance romance NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 51 20 based base VBN 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en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 18 bless bless VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 22 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 25 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 26 benedicere benedicere NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 28 לייענען‎ לייענען‎ CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 30 leyenen leyenen NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 34 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 40 Old Old NNP 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en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 65 gentil gentil NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 67 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 68 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 69 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 52 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 1 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 3 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 4 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 5 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 7 ultimate ultimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 8 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 9 derivation derivation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 12 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 13 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 14 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 53 17 for for IN 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en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 18 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 20 illiteracy illiteracy NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 23 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 24 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 25 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 26 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 27 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 28 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 29 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 58 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 2 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 4 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 7 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 9 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 11 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 12 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 59 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 2 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 4 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 7 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 10 familiarity familiarity NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 14 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 15 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 17 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 18 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 60 19 there there EX 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en-wikipedia-org-7013 63 5 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 63 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 63 7 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 63 8 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 63 9 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 63 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 2 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 3 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 4 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 5 document document NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 6 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 10 blessing blessing NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 13 Worms Worms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 14 machzor,[24 machzor,[24 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 17 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 18 prayer prayer NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 19 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 21 1272 1272 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 64 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 2 Worms Worms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 3 machzor machzor NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 5 discussed discuss VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 7 Frakes Frakes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 9 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 12 Baumgarten Baumgarten NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 14 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 65 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 66 1 Frakes Frakes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 66 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 66 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 66 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 66 5 see see VBP 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the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 11 16th 16th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 13 enabled enable VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 15 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 16 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 17 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 19 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 23 cheaper cheap JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 24 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 29 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 30 survived survive VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 76 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 2 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 3 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 4 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 6 Elia Elia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 7 Levita Levita NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 9 Bovo Bovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 11 Bukh Bukh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 13 בָּבָֿא בָּבָֿא JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 15 בּוך בּוך JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 18 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 19 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 20 1507–08 1507–08 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 22 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 23 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 24 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 26 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 28 1541 1541 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 30 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 32 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 33 Bovo Bovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 34 d'Antona d'Antona NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 77 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 1 Levita Levita NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 4 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 5 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 7 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 9 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 12 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 13 פּאַריז פּאַריז JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 14 און און FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 15 װיענע‎ װיענע‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 16 Pariz Pariz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 17 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 18 Viene Viene NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 20 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 22 Vienna Vienna NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 78 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 3 retelling retell VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 6 chivalric chivalric JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 7 romance romance NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 9 װידװילט װידװילט NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 10 Vidvilt Vidvilt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 12 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 13 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 17 Widuwilt widuwilt NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 20 Germanizing germanize VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 21 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 24 presumably presumably RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 25 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 26 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 29 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 30 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 32 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 34 manuscripts manuscript NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 35 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 36 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 38 16th 16th NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 79 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 4 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 6 Kinig Kinig NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 7 Artus Artus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 8 Hof Hof NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 11 adaptation adaptation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 14 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 15 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 16 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 17 romance romance NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 18 Wigalois Wigalois NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 20 Wirnt Wirnt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 21 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 22 Gravenberg Gravenberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 80 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 5 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 6 writer writer NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 8 Avroham Avroham NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 9 ben ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 10 Schemuel Schemuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 11 Pikartei Pikartei NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 14 published publish VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 16 paraphrase paraphrase NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 19 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 21 Job Job NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 23 1557 1557 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 81 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 82 1 Women 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en-wikipedia-org-7013 83 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 83 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 83 9 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 83 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 83 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 83 12 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 83 13 audience audience NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 83 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 2 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 3 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 4 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 9 Bovo Bovo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 11 Bukh Bukh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 14 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 15 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 16 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 18 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 23 צאנה צאנה NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 24 וראינה‎ וראינה‎ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 25 Tseno Tseno NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 26 Ureno Ureno NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 29 תחנות‎ תחנות‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 30 Tkhines Tkhines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 84 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 4 best well RBS en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 8 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 9 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 11 Glückel Glückel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 13 Hameln Hameln NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 15 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 16 memoirs memoir NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 18 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 20 print print NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 85 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 86 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 86 2 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 86 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 86 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 86 5 Shemot Shemot NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 86 6 Devarim Devarim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 86 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 86 8 lit light VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 86 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 1 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 2 Names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 4 Things thing NNS 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en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 30 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 31 readership readership NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 33 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 34 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 35 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 36 read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 37 מאַמע־לשון‎ מאַמע־לשון‎ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 38 mame mame NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 40 loshn loshn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 41 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 42 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 43 לשון־קדש‎ לשון־קדש‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 44 loshn loshn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 46 koydesh koydesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 49 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 50 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 51 read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 52 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 54 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 55 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 56 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 57 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 58 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 59 typefaces typeface NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 60 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 61 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 62 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 63 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 87 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 2 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 3 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 4 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 7 semicursive semicursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 8 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 10 exclusively exclusively RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 11 for for 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88 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 38 square square JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 39 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 40 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 42 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 45 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 46 column column NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 48 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 49 reserved reserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 50 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 51 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 53 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 54 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 56 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 88 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 2 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 4 retained retain VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 6 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 7 typographic typographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 8 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 9 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 12 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 13 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 18 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 19 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 20 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 22 vaybertaytsh vaybertaytsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 24 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 25 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 26 מעשייט‎ מעשייט‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 27 mesheyt mesheyt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 29 מאַשקעט‎ מאַשקעט‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 30 mashket mashket NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 31 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 33 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 35 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 89 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 90 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 90 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 90 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 90 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 90 5 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 90 6 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 90 7 semicursive semicursive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 90 8 typeface typeface NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 90 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 90 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 90 11 and and 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termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 5 Rashi Rashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 6 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 10 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 13 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 14 renowned renowned JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 15 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 16 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 18 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 19 commentary commentary NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 21 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 22 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 23 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 25 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 91 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 2 Rashi Rashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 6 typeface typeface NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 7 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 11 Sephardic sephardic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 12 counterpart counterpart NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 14 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 16 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 18 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 20 Ladino Ladino NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 23 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 25 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 26 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 92 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 1 Secularization[edit secularization[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 4 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 6 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 7 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 8 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 9 pejoratively pejoratively RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 10 labeled label VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 11 Mauscheldeutsch,[29 Mauscheldeutsch,[29 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 13 i. i. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 14 e. e. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 16 Moses Moses NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 17 German"[30]—declined german"[30]—decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 20 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 25 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 27 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 30 Haskalah Haskalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 31 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 34 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 36 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 39 corrupt corrupt JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 40 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 93 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 2 Maskil Maskil NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 4 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 5 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 6 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 7 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 10 Haskalah Haskalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 12 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 13 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 14 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 16 promote promote VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 17 acclimatization acclimatization NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 20 outside outside JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 21 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 94 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 5 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 6 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 7 attending attend VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 8 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 9 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 10 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 12 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 14 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 16 taught teach VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 18 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 21 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 95 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 4 Owing owe VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 6 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 7 assimilation assimilation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 9 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 12 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 14 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 16 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 18 survived survive VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 19 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 25 intimate intimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 26 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 27 circles circle NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 30 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 31 knit knit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 32 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 33 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 96 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 97 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 97 2 Liptzin Liptzin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 97 3 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 97 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 97 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 2 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 3 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 6 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 9 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 10 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 12 opposite opposite JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 13 direction direction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 16 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 17 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 19 cohesive cohesive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 20 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 23 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 24 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 26 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 28 Yiddishist Yiddishist NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 29 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 98 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 1 Notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 3 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 6 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 7 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 9 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 10 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 11 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 13 Sholem Sholem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 14 Yankev Yankev NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 15 Abramovitch Abramovitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 17 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 19 Mendele Mendele NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 20 Mocher Mocher NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 21 Sforim Sforim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 23 Sholem Sholem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 24 Rabinovitsh Rabinovitsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 26 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 27 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 29 Sholem Sholem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 30 Aleichem Aleichem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 32 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 33 stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 34 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 35 טבֿיה טבֿיה NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 36 דער דער NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 37 מילכיקער‎ מילכיקער‎ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 39 Tevye Tevye NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 40 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 41 milkhiker milkhiker NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 43 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 44 Tevye Tevye NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 46 Dairyman Dairyman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 49 inspired inspire VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 51 Broadway Broadway NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 52 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 54 film film NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 55 Fiddler Fiddler NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 56 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 58 Roof roof NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 59 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 61 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 62 Leib Leib NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 63 Peretz Peretz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 99 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 1 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 2 century[edit century[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 4 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 6 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 7 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 9 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 10 poster poster NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 12 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 100 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 2 caption caption NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 5 Food food NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 6 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 7 win win VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 9 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 11 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 12 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 13 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 14 seeking seek VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 15 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 17 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 18 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 19 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 20 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 22 preserve preserve VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 25 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 26 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 27 supply supply VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 29 Allies Allies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 31 wheat wheat NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 32 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 33 Let let VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 34 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 35 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 37 waste waste NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 101 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 102 1 Colour Colour NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 102 2 lithograph lithograph NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 102 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 102 4 1917 1917 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 102 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 103 1 Digitally digitally RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 103 2 restored restore VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 103 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 104 1 1917 1917 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 104 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 105 1 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 105 2 karbovanets karbovanet NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 105 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 105 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 105 5 Ukrainian Ukrainian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 105 6 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 105 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 105 8 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 105 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 106 1 Revers rever NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 106 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 107 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 107 2 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 107 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 107 4 Ukrainian ukrainian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 107 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 107 6 Polish Polish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 107 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 107 8 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 107 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 3 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 4 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 7 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 10 Socialist Socialist NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 11 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 12 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 14 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 16 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 18 emerging emerge VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 21 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 22 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 23 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 108 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 2 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 3 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 6 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 7 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 9 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 11 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 12 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 14 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 15 cinema cinema NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 17 booming boom VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 22 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 24 achieved achieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 26 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 28 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 31 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 32 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 35 Ukrainian Ukrainian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 36 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 37 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 38 Republic,[32 republic,[32 NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 41 Byelorussian Byelorussian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 42 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 43 Socialist Socialist NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 44 Republic[33 Republic[33 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 45 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 48 short short RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 50 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 51 Galician Galician NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 52 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 53 Socialist Socialist NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 54 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 58 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 59 Autonomous Autonomous NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 60 Oblast Oblast NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 109 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 1 Educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 2 autonomy autonomy NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 4 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 6 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 7 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 9 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 10 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 13 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 14 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 15 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 16 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 19 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 21 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 22 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 25 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 27 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 28 uniform uniform JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 29 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 34 1925 1925 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 35 founding founding NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 38 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 39 Scientific Scientific NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 40 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 42 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 110 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 2 Vilnius Vilnius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 4 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 6 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 7 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 10 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 11 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 12 primacy primacy NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 14 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 16 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 111 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 112 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 112 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 112 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 112 4 Yiddish yiddish NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 112 5 changed change VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 112 6 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 112 7 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 112 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 112 9 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 112 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 112 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 1 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 2 Wex Wex NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 3 writes write VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 6 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 7 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 8 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 11 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 12 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 15 Slavic Slavic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 17 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 18 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 20 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 21 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 24 Americas Americas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 27 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 28 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 30 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 31 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 32 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 34 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 35 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 36 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 37 quick quick JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 39 jettison jettison VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 40 Slavic Slavic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 41 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 44 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 45 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 46 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 47 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 50 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 51 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 53 founders founder NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 55 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 56 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 57 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 59 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 60 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 61 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 62 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 63 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 64 Slavic Slavic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 65 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 66 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 67 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 68 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 69 revised revise VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 71 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 72 editions edition NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 73 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 74 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 75 oeuvres oeuvre NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 76 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 77 eliminate eliminate VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 78 obsolete obsolete JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 79 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 80 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 81 unnecessary unnecessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 82 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 83 Slavisms Slavisms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 113 84 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 3 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 6 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 9 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 10 absorbed absorb VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 12 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 13 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 14 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 17 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 20 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 22 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 23 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 26 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 27 component component NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 29 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 32 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 33 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 38 lesser less JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 39 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 42 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 43 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 114 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 5 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 7 resulted result VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 9 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 10 difficulty difficulty NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 12 communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 13 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 14 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 15 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 17 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 19 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 22 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 115 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 1 Phonology[edit phonology[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 4 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 7 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 8 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 9 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 11 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 13 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 15 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 16 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 116 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 4 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 6 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 7 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 9 obstruent obstruent NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 10 devoicing devoicing NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 12 fortis fortis JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 14 voiceless voiceless NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 16 stop stop VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 17 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 19 unaspirated unaspirate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 23 /χ/ /χ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 24 phoneme phoneme NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 26 invariably invariably RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 27 uvular uvular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 29 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 31 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 32 phoneme phoneme NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 33 /x/ /x/ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 35 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 37 palatal palatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 39 velar velar JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 42 uvular uvular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 117 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 4 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 5 inventory inventory NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 7 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 9 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 10 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 12 lacking lacking JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 13 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 14 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 15 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 18 front front JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 19 rounded rounded JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 20 vowels vowels NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 21 ö ö NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 118 23 ü. ü. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 1 Writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 2 system[edit system[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 4 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 7 Yiddish yiddish NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 8 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 11 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 14 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 15 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 19 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 20 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 21 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 23 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 25 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 119 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 1 Whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 4 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 7 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 9 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 10 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 11 optionally optionally RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 13 diacritical diacritical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 14 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 15 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 16 niqqud niqqud NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 18 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 19 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 20 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 22 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 23 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 24 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 120 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 1 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 3 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 4 consist consist VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 6 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 7 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 8 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 11 niqqud niqqud NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 12 mark mark NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 13 resembling resemble VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 15 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 16 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 18 niqqud niqqud NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 19 pair pair NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 22 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 24 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 25 combinations combination NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 28 inseparable inseparable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 29 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 30 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 32 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 33 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 35 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 37 consonant consonant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 39 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 40 sequence sequence NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 121 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 122 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 122 2 niqqud niqqud NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 122 3 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 122 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 122 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 122 6 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 122 7 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 122 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 122 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 122 10 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 122 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 3 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 9 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 11 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 13 spelled spell VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 18 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 21 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 24 usual usual JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 25 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 26 orthographical orthographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 27 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 123 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 1 Numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 3 speakers[edit speakers[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 5 Map Map NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 8 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 9 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 10 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 12 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 15 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 16 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 18 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 19 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 21 orange orange JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 22 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 23 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 24 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 26 green green NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 124 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 3 eve eve NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 6 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 7 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 11 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 13 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 14 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 16 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 125 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 5 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 9 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 12 dramatic dramatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 14 sudden sudden JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 15 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 18 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 20 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 24 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 25 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 26 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 28 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 29 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 31 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 33 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 34 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 35 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 37 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 38 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 42 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 43 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 44 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 45 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 46 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 126 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 1 Around around RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 2 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 3 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 5 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 6 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 7 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 8 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 9 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 14 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 17 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 18 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 20 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 22 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 127 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 4 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 5 millions million NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 7 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 8 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 9 survived survive VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 11 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 13 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 14 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 15 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 16 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 17 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 20 Americas Americas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 23 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 24 assimilation assimilation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 26 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 27 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 30 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 31 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 34 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 35 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 38 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 41 strictly strictly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 42 monolingual monolingual JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 43 stance stance NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 46 Zionist zionist JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 47 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 49 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 50 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 52 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 55 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 57 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 58 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 128 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 4 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 6 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 7 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 9 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 10 dispersed disperse VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 11 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 13 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 14 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 16 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 18 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 19 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 129 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 2 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 4 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 5 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 7 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 9 attained attain VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 10 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 11 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 14 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 16 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 18 Moldova Moldova NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 20 Bosnia Bosnia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 22 Herzegovina Herzegovina NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 25 Netherlands,[36 netherlands,[36 NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 28 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 130 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 131 1 Reports report NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 131 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 131 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 131 4 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 131 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 131 6 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 131 7 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 131 8 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 131 9 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 131 10 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 131 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 1 Ethnologue ethnologue NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 2 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 4 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 6 publications publication NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 7 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 8 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 11 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 14 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 15 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 16 1.5 1.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 18 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 19 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 21 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 22 Yiddish,[37 Yiddish,[37 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 26 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 27 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 28 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 30 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 32 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 33 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 35 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 38 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 39 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 42 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 43 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 132 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 2 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 4 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 5 agrees agree VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 7 fewer few JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 9 200,000 200,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 12 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 13 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 133 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 4 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 7 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 9 Ethnologue Ethnologue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 12 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 14 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 15 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 17 50,000 50,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 19 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 23 undated undated JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 24 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 25 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 27 5,000 5,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 29 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 31 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 134 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 6 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 9 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 11 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 12 estimates estimate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 14 worldwide worldwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 17 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 18 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 20 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 21 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 22 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 135 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 4 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 5 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 6 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 7 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 9 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 10 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 12 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 14 treated treat VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 17 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 18 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 19 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 20 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 21 continuum continuum NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 23 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 26 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 27 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 29 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 30 Atlas Atlas NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 32 Ashkenazic Ashkenazic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 33 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 136 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 3 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 4 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 8 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 9 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 11 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 12 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 13 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 15 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 16 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 17 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 18 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 19 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 20 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 137 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 3 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 4 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 7 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 9 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 10 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 12 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 14 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 15 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 17 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 18 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 19 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 22 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 26 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 28 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 29 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 30 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 31 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 33 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 138 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 4 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 7 language[edit language[edit , en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 9 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 12 frequent frequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 13 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 14 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 16 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 19 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 20 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 22 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 25 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 28 absorbed absorb VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 139 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 3 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 4 periodic periodic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 5 assertion assertion NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 7 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 10 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 12 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 15 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 17 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 18 broken broken JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 19 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 21 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 24 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 25 mishmash mishmash NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 26 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 28 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 29 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 140 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 4 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 5 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 6 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 9 autonomous autonomous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 14 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 15 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 16 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 19 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 21 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 23 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 25 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 27 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 28 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 29 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 30 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 31 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 33 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 35 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 37 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 39 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 41 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 141 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 2 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 3 cited cited JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 4 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 6 attitudes attitude NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 9 1930s 1930 NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 11 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 13 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 14 Weinreich Weinreich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 16 quoting quote VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 18 remark remark NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 21 auditor auditor NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 23 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 25 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 26 lectures lecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 27 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 28 אַ אַ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 29 שפּראַך שפּראַך NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 30 איז איז NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 31 אַ אַ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 32 דיאַלעקט דיאַלעקט NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 33 מיט מיט NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 34 אַן אַן ADD en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 35 אַרמיי אַרמיי NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 36 און און NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 37 פֿלאָט‎ פֿלאָט‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 40 shprakh shprakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 41 iz iz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 43 dialekt dialekt NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 44 mit mit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 45 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 46 armey armey NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 47 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 48 flot[43 flot[43 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 49 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 50 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 51 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 52 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 53 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 54 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 55 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 56 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 57 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 58 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 59 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 61 navy navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 62 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 142 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 1 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 3 Zionism[edit zionism[edit XX en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 5 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 6 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 8 graffiti graffiti NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 12 Tel Tel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 13 Aviv Aviv NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 15 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 16 Avenue Avenue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 18 און און NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 19 איר איר NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 20 זאלט זאלט NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 21 ליב ליב NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 22 האבן האבן NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 23 דעם דעם NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 24 פרעמדען פרעמדען NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 26 ווארום ווארום NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 27 פרעמדע פרעמדע JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 28 זייט זייט NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 29 איר איר NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 30 געווען געווען VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 31 אין אין NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 32 לאנד לאנד NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 33 מצרים מצרים NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 34 Un Un NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 35 ir ir NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 36 zolt zolt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 37 lib lib NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 38 hobn hobn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 39 dem dem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 40 fremdn fremdn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 41 varum varum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 42 fremde fremde NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 43 seit seit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 44 ir ir NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 45 geven geven VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 47 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 48 mitsrayim mitsrayim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 143 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 2 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 3 shall shall MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 5 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 8 stranger stranger NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 10 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 11 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 13 strangers stranger NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 16 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 18 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 144 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 145 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 145 2 Deuteronomy deuteronomy NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 145 3 10:19 10:19 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 145 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 145 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 145 6 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 145 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 145 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 145 9 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 145 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 145 11 Hebrew Hebrew VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 145 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 2 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 4 Zionist zionist JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 5 circles circle NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 6 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 8 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 12 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 16 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 18 preference preference NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 20 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 22 reflected reflect VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 24 tensions tension NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 25 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 26 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 28 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 29 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 30 lifestyles lifestyle NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 146 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 2 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 3 Zionists Zionists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 4 wanted want VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 5 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 8 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 11 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 14 contribute contribute VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 17 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 18 cohesive cohesive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 19 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 147 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 1 Traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 2 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 3 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 8 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 10 preferred prefer VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 11 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 13 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 15 viewing view VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 16 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 19 respected respected JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 20 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 22 reserved reserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 24 prayer prayer NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 26 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 27 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 148 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 3 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 4 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 7 Zionist zionist JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 8 activists activist NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 10 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 11 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 13 eradicate eradicate VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 15 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 18 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 19 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 21 preference preference NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 23 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 26 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 27 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 28 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 29 socially socially RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 30 unacceptable unacceptable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 149 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 5 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 7 reflected reflect VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 9 opposing oppose VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 10 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 11 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 12 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 14 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 16 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 17 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 18 seeing see VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 19 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 22 Zionism zionism NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 26 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 27 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 30 Internationalism Internationalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 34 means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 36 defining define VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 37 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 38 nationalism nationalism NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 150 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 3 1920s 1920 NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 5 1930s 1930 NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 7 גדוד גדוד NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 8 מגיני מגיני NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 9 השפה השפה NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 10 gdud gdud NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 11 maginéi maginéi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 12 hasafá hasafá NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 17 defendants defendant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 18 regiment regiment NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 21 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 22 motto motto NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 25 עברי עברי NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 27 דבר דבר NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 28 עברית עברית NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 29 ivri ivri NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 31 dabér dabér NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 32 ivrít ivrít NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 35 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 36 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 39 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 40 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 151 41 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 152 1 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 152 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 152 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 152 4 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 152 5 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 152 6 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 3 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 5 tear tear VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 6 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 7 signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 8 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 11 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 13 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 15 disturb disturb VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 16 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 17 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 18 gatherings gathering NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 153 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 6 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 8 linguist linguist JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 9 Ghil'ad Ghil'ad NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 10 Zuckermann Zuckermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 13 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 16 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 18 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 22 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 23 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 25 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 27 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 28 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 29 succeed succeed VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 31 uprooting uproot VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 32 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 33 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 35 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 36 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 39 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 41 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 42 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 43 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 44 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 45 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 46 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 48 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 49 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 50 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 51 calls call VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 52 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 53 Israeli Israeli NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 154 56 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 155 1 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 155 2 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 155 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 1 Zuckermann Zuckermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 2 believes believe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 5 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 6 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 7 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 8 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 9 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 10 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 11 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 14 conscious conscious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 15 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 18 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 19 pervasive pervasive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 20 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 21 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 22 deriving derive VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 25 subconscious subconscious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 26 survival survival NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 29 revivalists revivalist NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 30 ’ ’ POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 31 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 32 tongues tongue NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 156 34 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 157 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 157 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 3 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 5 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 7 founding founding NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 10 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 12 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 15 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 16 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 18 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 19 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 21 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 22 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 23 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 158 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 2 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 3 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 6 Mizrahi Mizrahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 7 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 10 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 11 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 12 account account VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 14 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 15 half half PDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 17 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 18 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 159 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 2 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 5 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 6 familiar familiar JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 8 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 11 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 14 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 15 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 17 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 18 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 21 affinity affinity NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 23 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 25 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 28 Sephardic sephardic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 29 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 31 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 32 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 34 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 36 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 37 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 38 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 40 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 41 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 160 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 3 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 4 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 7 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 8 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 9 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 10 denominator denominator NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 13 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 14 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 15 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 161 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 3 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 5 marginalization marginalization NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 7 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 9 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 10 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 11 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 14 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 16 Knesset Knesset NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 17 passed pass VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 19 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 20 founding found VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 23 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 24 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 26 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 27 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 32 aim aim NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 34 supporting support VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 36 promoting promote VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 37 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 38 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 39 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 41 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 43 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 44 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 45 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 46 preservation preservation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 48 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 49 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 51 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 53 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 54 classics classic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 56 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 57 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 58 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 61 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 62 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 162 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 5 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 6 circles circle NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 11 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 12 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 13 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 15 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 17 Hasidic Hasidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 18 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 21 Lithuanian lithuanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 22 yeshiva yeshiva NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 23 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 25 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 26 Lithuanian lithuanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 27 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 30 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 31 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 33 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 35 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 37 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 38 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 40 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 41 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 43 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 44 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 45 regularly regularly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 46 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 47 hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 49 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 51 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 52 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 53 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 163 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 164 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 164 2 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 164 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 164 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 164 5 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 164 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 164 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 164 8 Bnei Bnei NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 164 9 Brak Brak NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 164 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 164 11 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 164 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 4 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 5 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 7 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 10 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 11 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 12 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 13 Israelis Israelis NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 17 flourishing flourishing NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 19 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 20 proactive proactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 21 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 22 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 23 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 24 YUNG YUNG NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 25 YiDiSH YiDiSH NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 27 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 28 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 30 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 31 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 33 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 35 simultaneous simultaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 36 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 38 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 40 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 43 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 44 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 45 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 46 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 47 university university NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 48 courses course NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 50 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 52 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 53 achieving achieve VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 54 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 55 fluency fluency NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 165 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 4 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 5 Africa[edit africa[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 7 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 9 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 10 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 13 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 18 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 21 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 22 Semitic Semitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 23 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 24 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 166 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 2 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 3 campaigning campaigning NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 6 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 7 African african JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 8 legislator legislator NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 9 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 10 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 12 1877–1945 1877–1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 14 won win VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 16 parliamentary parliamentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 17 fight fight NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 19 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 20 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 21 reclassified reclassify VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 24 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 25 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 27 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 28 permitting permit VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 30 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 32 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 34 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 36 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 37 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 167 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 4 Former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 5 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 6 Union[edit Union[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 8 NEP nep NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 10 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 11 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 12 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 13 poster poster NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 15 Drive drive VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 18 Collective Collective NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 19 Farm Farm NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 20 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-7013 168 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 3 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 4 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 5 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 7 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 10 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 11 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 12 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 14 NEP NEP NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 18 1920s 1920s CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 20 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 22 promoted promote VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 25 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 28 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 29 proletariat proletariat NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 169 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 1 State state NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 2 emblem emblem NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 5 Byelorussian byelorussian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 6 SSR SSR NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 9 motto motto NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 10 Workers Workers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 13 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 15 unite unite VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 170 16 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 1 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 4 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 5 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 6 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 9 ribbon ribbon NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 12 ״פראָלעטאריער ״פראָלעטאריער NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 13 פון פון NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 14 אלע אלע NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 15 לענדער לענדער NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 17 פאראייניקט פאראייניקט VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 18 זיך!״ זיך!״ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 20 Proletarier proletarier JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 21 fun fun NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 22 ale ale NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 23 lender lender NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 25 fareynikt fareynikt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 26 zikh zikh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 171 27 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-7013 172 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 172 2 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 172 3 slogan slogan NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 172 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 172 5 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 172 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 172 7 Belarusian Belarusian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 172 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 172 9 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 172 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 172 11 Polish Polish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 172 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 3 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 6 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 10 Byelorussian Byelorussian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 11 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 12 Socialist Socialist NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 13 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 173 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 1 Until until IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 2 1938 1938 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 5 Emblem Emblem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 8 Byelorussian Byelorussian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 9 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 10 Socialist Socialist NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 11 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 12 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 14 motto motto NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 15 Workers Workers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 18 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 20 unite unite VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 174 21 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-7013 175 1 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 175 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 175 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 5 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 8 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 9 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 10 districts district NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 13 Galician Galician NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 14 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 15 Socialist Socialist NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 16 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 176 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 2 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 3 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 4 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 5 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 6 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 12 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 14 comprised comprise VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 15 kindergartens kindergarten NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 17 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 20 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 21 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 22 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 24 technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 25 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 27 rabfaks rabfak NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 30 university university NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 31 departments department NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 177 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 4 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 6 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 7 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 9 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 11 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 13 bourgeois bourgeois NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 15 reactionary reactionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 19 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 21 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 22 discouraged discourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 178 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 2 51][52 51][52 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 5 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 7 curriculums curriculum NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 8 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 11 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 14 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 15 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 17 1950s 1950 NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 19 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 22 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 23 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 25 enrolment enrolment NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 26 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 28 preference preference NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 30 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 32 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 33 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 36 declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 37 reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 39 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 40 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 41 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 42 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 43 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 44 Soviets Soviets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 179 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 1 General general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 2 Soviet soviet JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 3 denationalization denationalization NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 4 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 6 secularization secularization NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 7 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 9 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 12 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 13 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 15 enrolment enrolment NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 17 funding funding NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 20 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 21 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 24 closed close VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 25 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 26 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 27 1951 1951 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 180 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 5 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 8 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 9 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 11 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 13 nonetheless nonetheless RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 16 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 18 compact compact JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 19 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 20 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 22 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 24 Moldova Moldova NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 26 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 31 lesser less JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 32 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 33 Belarus Belarus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 181 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 3 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 4 Soviet soviet JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 5 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 7 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 8 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 9 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 10 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 11 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 12 Yoysef Yoysef NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 13 Burg Burg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 15 Chernivtsi Chernivtsi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 16 1912–2009 1912–2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 19 Olexander Olexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 20 Beyderman Beyderman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 182 22 b. b. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 183 1 1949 1949 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 183 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 183 3 Odessa Odessa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 183 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 183 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 1 Publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 4 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 6 periodical periodical NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 8 דער דער NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 9 פֿרײַנד‎ פֿרײַנד‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 11 der der XX en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 12 fraynd fraynd RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 14 lit light VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 184 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 3 Friend friend NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 8 resumed resume VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 10 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 12 דער דער NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 13 נײַער נײַער NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 14 פֿרײַנד‎ פֿרײַנד‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 16 der der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 17 nayer nayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 18 fraynd fraynd RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 20 lit lit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 185 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 186 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 186 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 186 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 186 4 Friend Friend NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 186 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 186 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 186 7 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 186 8 Petersburg Petersburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 186 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 186 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 1 Russia[edit russia[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 3 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 7 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 9 1,683 1,683 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 10 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 11 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 12 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 14 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 16 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 17 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 18 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 20 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 187 21 the the DT 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en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 18 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 19 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 21 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 22 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 24 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 26 gone go VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 29 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 30 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 32 unlikely unlikely JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 188 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 4 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 5 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 6 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 8 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 10 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 11 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 12 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 14 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 15 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 16 fading fade VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 17 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 20 disappearing disappear VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 189 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 3 stored store VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 5 memories memory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 8 fragments fragment NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 10 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 13 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 16 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 17 gone go VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 18 unread unread JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 190 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 1 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 2 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 3 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 5 dying die VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 8 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 10 treated treat VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 12 utmost utmost JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 13 calm calm NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 191 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 4 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 6 pity pity NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 12 resurrected resurrect VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 16 receded recede VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 19 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 22 enchanting enchanting JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 23 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 25 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 26 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 27 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 28 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 192 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 193 1 Any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 193 2 artificial artificial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 193 3 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 193 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 193 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 193 6 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 193 7 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 193 8 replenishment replenishment NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 193 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 193 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 193 11 meaningless meaningless JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 193 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 1 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 2 Everything everything NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 4 happens happen VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 7 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 9 transformed transform VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 12 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 14 cabaret cabaret NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 15 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 16 epistolary epistolary NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 17 genre genre NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 19 nice nice JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 21 cute cute JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 24 ear ear NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 27 eye eye NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 29 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 30 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 31 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 33 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 35 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 36 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 38 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 39 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 40 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 41 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 42 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 44 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 45 soil soil NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 194 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 2 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 7 memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 10 departed depart VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 12 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 13 sweet sweet JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 14 memories memory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 195 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 196 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 196 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 196 3 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 196 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 196 5 memories memory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 196 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 196 7 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 196 8 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 196 9 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 196 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 196 11 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 196 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 197 1 Perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 197 2 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 197 3 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 197 4 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 197 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 197 6 memories memory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 197 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 197 8 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 197 9 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 197 10 sharp sharp JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 197 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 5 Autonomous Autonomous NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 6 Oblast[edit oblast[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 9 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 12 Autonomous Autonomous NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 13 Oblast Oblast NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 15 Birobidzhan Birobidzhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 18 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 21 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 24 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 25 Autonomous Autonomous NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 26 Oblast Oblast NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 27 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 28 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 29 Autonomous Autonomous NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 30 Oblast Oblast NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 32 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 33 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 34 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 35 Autonomous Autonomous NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 36 Oblast Oblast NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 37 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 38 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 40 1934 1934 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 43 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 44 Far Far NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 45 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 47 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 48 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 49 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 50 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 52 Birobidzhan Birobidzhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 54 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 55 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 56 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 57 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 58 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 198 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 199 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 199 2 intention intention NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 199 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 199 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 199 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 199 6 Soviet soviet JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 199 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 199 8 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 199 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 199 10 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 199 11 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 199 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 1 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 2 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 3 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 5 revived revive VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 7 Birobidzhan Birobidzhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 8 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 9 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 10 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 11 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 14 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 15 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 200 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 201 1 Yiddish yiddish NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 201 2 theaters theater NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 201 3 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 201 4 opening open VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 201 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 201 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 201 7 1970s 1970 NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 201 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 2 newspaper newspaper NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 3 דער דער CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 4 ביראָבידזשאַנער ביראָבידזשאַנער XX en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 5 שטערן‎ שטערן‎ '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 7 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 8 Birobidzhaner Birobidzhaner NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 9 Shtern Shtern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 11 lit light VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 15 Birobidzhan Birobidzhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 16 Star Star NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 19 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 21 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 22 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 202 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 2 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 5 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 6 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 9 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 10 significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 15 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 16 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 18 bolstered bolster VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 203 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 2 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 3 Birobidzhan Birobidzhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 4 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 5 Summer Summer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 6 Program Program NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 8 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 9 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 11 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 13 launched launch VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 15 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 204 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 2 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 6 2010[update 2010[update NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 9 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 11 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 12 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 15 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 16 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 17 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 19 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 21 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 22 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 24 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 27 JAO JAO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 205 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 2 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 5 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 10 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 12 titled title VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 15 Revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 18 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 19 Zion Zion NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 21 Birobidzhan Birobidzhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 22 celebrates celebrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 23 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 24 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 25 heritage heritage NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 28 examined examine VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 30 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 31 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 34 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 36 suggested suggest VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 37 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 39 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 40 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 42 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 43 Autonomous Autonomous NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 44 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 46 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 47 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 48 far far JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 49 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 50 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 51 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 52 barely barely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 53 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 54 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 55 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 57 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 58 hope hope VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 59 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 60 woo woo VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 61 back back RP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 62 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 63 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 64 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 65 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 66 Soviet soviet JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 67 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 69 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 70 revive revive VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 72 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 73 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 74 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 75 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 76 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 206 77 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 4 Ukraine[edit ukraine[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 9 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 13 Ukrainian Ukrainian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 14 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 16 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 18 1917–1921 1917–1921 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 207 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 2 59][32 59][32 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 4 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 6 Europe[edit europe[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 8 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 9 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 11 ratified ratify VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 13 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 14 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 15 Charter Charter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 17 Regional Regional NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 19 Minority Minority NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 20 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 21 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 22 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 23 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 26 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 29 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 30 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 31 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 34 Netherlands Netherlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 36 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 39 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 41 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 44 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 46 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 49 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 51 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 54 Bosnia Bosnia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 56 Herzegovina Herzegovina NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 58 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 208 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 7 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 8 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 10 mention mention VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 11 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 18 language(s language(s NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 22 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 23 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 24 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 209 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 4 Sweden[edit sweden[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 6 Banner banner NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 9 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 10 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 13 Yidishe Yidishe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 14 Folksshtime Folksshtime NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 18 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 20 Voice Voice NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 24 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 26 Stockholm Stockholm NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 28 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 29 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 31 1917 1917 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 210 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 6 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 7 Parliament Parliament NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 8 enacted enact VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 9 legislation legislation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 10 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 11 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 12 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 13 status[61 status[61 NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 16 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 19 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 21 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 22 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 23 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 25 entering enter VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 26 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 27 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 29 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 30 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 211 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 2 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 3 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 4 conferred confer VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 7 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 9 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 10 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 11 legislation legislation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 13 enacted enact VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 15 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 16 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 17 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 19 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 20 governmental governmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 21 agency agency NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 24 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 25 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 26 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 27 Council,[62 council,[62 NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 30 mandate mandate NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 33 instructs instruct VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 34 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 36 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 37 collect collect VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 39 preserve preserve VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 41 scientifically scientifically RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 42 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 45 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 46 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 47 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 49 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 50 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 51 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 52 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 54 naming name VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 55 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 56 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 57 explicitly explicitly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 59 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 60 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 212 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 2 announcing announce VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 4 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 7 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 8 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 10 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 11 statement statement NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 12 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 14 simultaneously simultaneously RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 15 commencing commence VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 16 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 17 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 18 initiatives initiative NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 20 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 21 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 22 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 25 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 26 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 27 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 213 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 2 Swedish swedish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 3 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 5 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 6 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 8 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 9 detailing detail VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 11 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 12 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 13 plan plan NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 15 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 16 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 214 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 2 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 5 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 7 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 8 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 9 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 10 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 11 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 12 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 14 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 215 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 5 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 12 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 14 register register VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 15 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 16 domains domain NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 18 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 19 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 22 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 23 top top JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 25 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 26 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 27 .se .se . en-wikipedia-org-7013 216 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 2 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 6 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 8 permitted permit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 10 reside reside VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 12 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 15 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 16 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 217 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 218 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 218 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 218 3 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 218 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 218 5 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 218 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 218 7 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 218 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 218 9 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 218 10 20,000 20,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 218 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 4 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 6 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 7 reports report NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 9 surveys survey NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 12 2,000 2,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 14 6,000 6,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 15 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 17 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 19 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 20 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 21 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 23 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 219 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 5 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 7 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 8 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 9 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 12 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 14 linguist linguist JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 15 Mikael Mikael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 16 Parkvall Parkvall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 19 750–1,500 750–1,500 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 220 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 3 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 5 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 6 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 7 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 8 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 12 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 13 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 15 adults adult NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 18 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 20 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 21 elderly elderly JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 221 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 2 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 4 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 5 States[edit states[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 7 1917 1917 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 8 multilingual multilingual JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 9 poster poster NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 11 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 13 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 15 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 17 Hungarian Hungarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 19 Slovene Slovene NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 22 Polish Polish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 24 advertising advertise VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 25 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 26 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 28 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 29 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 31 Cleveland Cleveland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 222 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 2 surrounded surround VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 4 posters poster NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 8 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 9 supporting support VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 10 Franklin Franklin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 11 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 12 Roosevelt Roosevelt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 14 Herbert Herbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 15 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 16 Lehman Lehman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 20 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 21 Labor Labor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 22 Party Party NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 23 teach teach VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 24 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 25 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 26 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 28 vote vote VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 30 1936 1936 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 223 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 224 1 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 224 2 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 224 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 224 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 224 5 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 224 6 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 224 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 1 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 2 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 3 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 4 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 5       _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 6 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 7 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 8 10,000 10,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 9 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 10       _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 11 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 13 5,000 5,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 14 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 15       _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 16 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 17 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 18 1,000 1,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 19 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 20       _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 21 Fewer few JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 22 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 23 1,000 1,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 24 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 25 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 27 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 28 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 30 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 31 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 32 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 33 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 34 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 36 Sephardic sephardic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 37 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 40 hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 41 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 42 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 43 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 44 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 225 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 4 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 6 mid mid NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 10 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 11 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 16 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 17 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 19 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 20 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 22 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 23 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 24 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 26 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 29 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 31 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 32 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 33 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 34 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 35 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 37 immigrant immigrant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 38 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 226 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 227 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 227 2 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 227 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 227 4 bond bond VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 227 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 227 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 227 7 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 227 8 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 227 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 1 פֿאָרווערטס‎ פֿאָרווערטס‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 3 Forverts Forverts NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 6 Forward Forward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 11 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 12 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 13 daily daily JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 14 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 16 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 17 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 18 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 22 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 23 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 24 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 27 forum forum NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 29 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 31 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 32 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 33 backgrounds background NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 228 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 2 1915 1915 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 5 circulation circulation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 8 daily daily JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 9 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 10 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 12 half half PDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 14 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 16 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 17 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 18 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 19 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 22 600,000 600,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 23 nationally nationally RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 229 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 4 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 6 subscribed subscribe VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 9 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 10 weekly weekly JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 11 papers paper NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 15 magazines magazine NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 230 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 5 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 6 circulation circulation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 9 21st 21st JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 13 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 14 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 231 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 2 Forward Forward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 3 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 4 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 5 weekly weekly JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 9 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 12 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 13 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 232 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 5 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 7 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 8 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 10 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 12 דער דער NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 13 אַלגעמיינער אַלגעמיינער NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 14 זשורנאַל‎ זשורנאַל‎ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 16 der der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 17 algemeyner algemeyner NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 18 zhurnal zhurnal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 19 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 20 Algemeiner Algemeiner NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 21 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 23 algemeyner algemeyner NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 24 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 25 general general NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 29 Chabad Chabad NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 30 newspaper newspaper NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 33 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 34 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 35 weekly weekly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 37 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 38 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 233 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 2 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 5 widest wide JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 7 circulation circulation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 8 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 9 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 11 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 13 weekly weekly JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 14 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 15 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 16 Yid Yid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 18 דער דער NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 19 איד‎ איד‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 21 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 22 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 26 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 27 Blatt Blatt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 29 דער דער NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 30 בלאַט‎ בלאַט‎ XX en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 32 blat blat NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 34 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 38 Di Di NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 39 Tzeitung Tzeitung NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 41 די די FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 42 צייטונג‎ צייטונג‎ JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 43 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 45 newspaper newspaper NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 46 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 234 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 1 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 2 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 3 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 5 magazines magazine NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 8 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 9 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 14 weekly weekly JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 15 אידישער אידישער NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 16 טריביון טריביון NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 18 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 21 monthly monthly JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 22 publications publication NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 23 דער דער NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 24 שטערן‎ שטערן‎ '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 26 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 27 Shtern Shtern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 29 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 30 Star Star NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 34 דער דער NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 35 בליק‎ בליק‎ . en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 37 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 38 Blik Blik NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 39 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 40 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 41 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 235 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 3 romanized romanized JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 4 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 5 cited cite VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 8 paragraph paragraph NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 12 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 13 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 16 masthead masthead NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 18 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 19 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 21 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 24 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 25 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 26 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 29 literal literal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 30 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 31 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 34 transliteration transliteration NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 35 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 36 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 37 applied apply VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 39 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 40 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 236 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 1 Thriving Thriving NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 3 theater theater NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 5 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 9 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 10 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 11 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 12 Theatre Theatre NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 13 District District NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 15 kept keep VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 18 vital vital JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 237 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 238 1 Interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 238 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 238 3 klezmer klezmer JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 238 4 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 238 5 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 238 6 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 238 7 bonding bonding NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 238 8 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 238 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 5 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 9 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 10 metropolitan metropolitan JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 11 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 14 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 16 Ellis Ellis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 17 Island Island NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 18 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 19 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 21 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 24 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 26 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 27 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 28 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 29 tended tend VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 30 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 32 pass pass VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 34 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 35 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 37 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 38 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 40 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 41 assimilated assimilate VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 43 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 44 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 239 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 4 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 5 Asimov Asimov NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 6 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 9 autobiography autobiography NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 10 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 11 Memory Memory NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 12 Yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 13 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 18 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 20 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 21 spoken spoken JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 25 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 26 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 28 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 29 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 30 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 31 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 32 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 33 emigrated emigrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 36 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 37 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 40 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 41 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 240 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 2 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 4 Asimov Asimov NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 6 younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 7 siblings sibling NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 9 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 12 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 13 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 15 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 16 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 17 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 18 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 20 fluency fluency NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 22 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 241 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 3 Yiddishisms yiddishisms FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 6 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 8 Italianisms Italianisms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 12 Spanishisms Spanishisms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 15 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 16 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 17 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 18 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 19 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 21 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 22 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 24 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 26 non non NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 27 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 28 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 29 alike alike RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 31 unaware unaware JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 34 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 35 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 38 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 242 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 1 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 2 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 3 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 7 documented document VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 8 extensively extensively RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 10 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 11 Rosten Rosten NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 14 Joys Joys NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 16 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 18 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 21 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 23 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 24 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 26 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 27 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 243 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 2 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 5 film film NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 6 Hester Hester NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 7 Street Street NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 9 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 14 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 17 released release VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 244 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 3 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 4 chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 9 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 11 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 12 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 13 Film Film NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 14 Registry Registry NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 16 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 17 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 20 culturally culturally RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 22 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 25 aesthetically aesthetically RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 26 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 28 film film NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 245 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 5 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 8 Canadian Canadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 10 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 11 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 12 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 13 Saul Saul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 14 Bellow Bellow NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 15 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 17 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 18 Prize Prize NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 20 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 246 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 3 fluent fluent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 8 translated translate VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 9 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 11 poems poem NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 13 stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 15 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 17 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 18 Isaac Isaac NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 19 Bashevis Bashevis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 20 Singer Singer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 23 Gimpel Gimpel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 25 Fool Fool NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 247 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 2 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 4 Singer Singer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 7 writer writer NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 15 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 17 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 19 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 22 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 23 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 25 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 27 Nobel Nobel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 28 Prize Prize NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 30 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 248 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 1 Legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 2 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 3 Eugene Eugene NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 4 Volokh Volokh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 6 Alex Alex NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 7 Kozinski Kozinski NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 8 argue argue VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 13 supplanting supplant VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 14 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 17 spice spice NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 19 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 20 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 21 argot argot NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 249 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 2 71][72 71][72 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 4 Present Present NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 5 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 6 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 7 population[edit population[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 9 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 11 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 12 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 13 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 14 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 16 178,945 178,945 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 17 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 20 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 21 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 22 reported report VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 23 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 24 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 26 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 250 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 3 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 5 113,515 113,515 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 6 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 9 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 11 63.43 63.43 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 12 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 14 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 16 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 19 18,220 18,220 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 21 Florida Florida NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 23 10.18 10.18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 24 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 27 9,145 9,145 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 29 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 30 Jersey Jersey NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 32 5.11 5.11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 33 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 35 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 37 8,950 8,950 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 39 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 41 5.00 5.00 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 42 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 251 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 2 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 3 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 5 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 6 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 7 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 9 1,000 1,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 11 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 13 5,445 5,445 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 16 Ohio Ohio NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 18 1,925 1,925 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 21 Michigan Michigan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 23 1,945 1,945 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 26 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 28 2,380 2,380 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 31 Maryland Maryland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 33 2,125 2,125 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 36 Illinois Illinois NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 38 3,510 3,510 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 41 Connecticut Connecticut NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 43 1,710 1,710 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 47 Arizona Arizona NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 49 1,055 1,055 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 252 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 2 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 4 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 5 elderly elderly JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 7 72,885 72,885 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 10 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 12 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 14 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 16 66,815 66,815 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 19 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 21 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 24 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 25 39,245 39,245 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 27 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 28 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 30 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 253 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 6 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 7 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 8 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 10 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 11 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 14 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 15 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 16 Community Community NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 17 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 18 reflected reflect VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 20 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 21 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 22 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 23 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 25 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 26 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 27 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 29 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 32 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 34 152,515 152,515 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 254 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 2 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 8 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 10 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 13 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 14 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 15 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 17 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 19 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 20 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 21 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 22 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 23 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 25 160,968 160,968 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 255 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 2 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 4 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 5 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 7 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 9 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 11 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 12 metropolitan metropolitan JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 13 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 15 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 16 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 17 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 19 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 20 metropolitan metropolitan JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 21 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 22 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 23 north north RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 27 Miami Miami NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 30 Los Los NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 31 Angeles Angeles NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 256 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 7 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 8 predominantly predominantly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 9 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 10 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 13 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 14 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 18 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 20 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 22 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 23 concentrations concentration NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 26 Crown Crown NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 27 Heights Heights NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 29 Borough Borough NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 30 Park Park NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 33 Williamsburg williamsburg JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 34 neighborhoods neighborhood NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 36 Brooklyn Brooklyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 257 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 2 Kiryas Kiryas NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 3 Joel Joel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 5 Orange Orange NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 6 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 9 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 13 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 14 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 16 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 17 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 18 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 20 residents resident NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 22 Kiryas Kiryas NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 23 Joel Joel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 24 reported report VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 25 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 26 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 27 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 28 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 258 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 4 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 5 Kingdom[edit kingdom[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 7 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 9 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 10 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 11 30,000 30,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 12 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 13 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 16 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 17 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 20 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 21 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 22 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 23 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 25 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 28 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 29 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 259 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 2 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 3 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 6 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 8 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 9 reside reside NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 12 Stamford Stamford NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 13 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 14 district district NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 16 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 17 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 20 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 22 sizable sizable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 23 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 25 northwest northwest JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 26 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 28 Leeds Leeds NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 30 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 32 Gateshead Gateshead NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 260 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 6 readership readership NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 9 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 11 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 12 reliant reliant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 13 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 14 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 15 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 18 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 19 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 21 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 23 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 25 magazines magazine NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 27 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 28 periodicals periodical NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 261 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 4 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 6 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 7 weekly weekly JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 9 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 12 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 13 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 16 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 17 אידישע אידישע NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 18 טריבונע‎ טריבונע‎ XX en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 19 Yidishe Yidishe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 20 Tribune Tribune NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 262 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 3 1910s 1910 NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 6 1950s 1950 NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 8 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 11 daily daily JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 12 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 13 newspaper newspaper NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 14 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 15 די די NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 16 צײַט צײַט NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 18 Di Di NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 19 Tsayt Tsayt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 21 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 22 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 25 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 26 dɪ dɪ IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 27 tsaɪt tsaɪt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 31 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 33 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 34 Time Time NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 37 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 40 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 42 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 44 Whitechapel Whitechapel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 45 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 48 Romanian Romanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 50 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 51 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 52 Myer Myer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 54 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 55 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 56 succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 57 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 58 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 59 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 61 1943 1943 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 62 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 63 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 64 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 65 Harry Harry NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 263 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 5 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 7 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 8 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 9 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 11 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 13 Liverpool Liverpool NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 15 Glasgow Glasgow NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 17 Leeds Leeds NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 264 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 1 Canada[edit canada[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 3 Montreal Montreal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 4 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 8 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 9 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 10 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 16 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 17 thriving thriving JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 18 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 19 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 21 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 22 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 265 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 3 Montreal Montreal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 5 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 9 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 11 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 15 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 16 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 17 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 20 twentieth twentieth JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 266 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 1 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 2 Keneder Keneder NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 3 Adler Adler NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 7 Canadian Canadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 8 Eagle Eagle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 11 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 13 Hirsch Hirsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 14 Wolofsky Wolofsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 17 Montreal Montreal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 19 daily daily JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 20 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 21 newspaper newspaper NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 23 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 25 1907 1907 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 27 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 267 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 5 Monument Monument NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 7 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 10 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 12 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 13 theater theater NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 15 1896 1896 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 16 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 18 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 21 Saidye Saidye NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 22 Bronfman Bronfman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 23 Centre Centre NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 26 Arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 28 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 30 Segal Segal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 31 Centre Centre NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 33 Performing Performing NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 34 Arts Arts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 37 inaugurated inaugurate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 38 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 39 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 40 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 42 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 44 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 46 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 47 resident resident JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 48 theater theater NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 51 Dora Dora NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 52 Wasserman Wasserman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 53 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 54 Theatre Theatre NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 56 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 58 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 59 permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 60 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 61 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 62 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 63 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 64 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 268 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 2 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 3 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 5 tours tour VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 6 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 8 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 10 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 13 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 269 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 2 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 4 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 5 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 8 receded recede VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 13 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 14 ancestral ancestral JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 17 Montrealers Montrealers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 18 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 19 Mordecai Mordecai NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 20 Richler Richler NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 22 Leonard Leonard NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 23 Cohen Cohen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 25 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 26 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 28 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 29 interim interim JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 30 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 31 mayor mayor NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 32 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 33 Applebaum Applebaum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 270 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 1 Besides besides IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 4 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 5 activists activist NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 8 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 9 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 11 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 12 everyday everyday JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 15 15,000 15,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 16 Montreal Montreal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 17 Hasidim Hasidim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 271 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 1 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 2 communities[edit communities[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 5 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 6 poster poster NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 8 hung hung JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 9 wall wall NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 12 Brooklyn Brooklyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 14 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 15 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 16 Major Major NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 17 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 20 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 22 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 23 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 25 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 27 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 28 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 29 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 30 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 32 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 272 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 6 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 7 knit knit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 9 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 11 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 13 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 16 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 18 schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 21 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 23 Hasidic Hasidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 25 Litvish Litvish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 28 Yeshivish yeshivish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 29 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 31 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 33 Brooklyn Brooklyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 35 Borough Borough NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 36 Park Park NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 38 Williamsburg Williamsburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 41 Crown Crown NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 42 Heights Heights NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 47 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 49 Monsey Monsey NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 51 Kiryas Kiryas NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 52 Joel Joel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 55 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 56 Square Square NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 57 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 58 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 59 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 61 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 62 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 63 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 66 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 68 Kiryas Kiryas NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 69 Joel Joel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 70 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 71 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 72 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 73 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 74 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 75 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 76 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 273 77 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 5 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 7 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 8 Jersey Jersey NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 12 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 13 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 14 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 16 Lakewood Lakewood NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 17 Township Township NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 20 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 22 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 23 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 25 yeshivas yeshiva NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 27 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 29 Passaic Passaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 31 Teaneck Teaneck NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 34 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 274 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 4 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 5 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 9 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 11 Antwerp Antwerp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 15 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 16 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 20 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 22 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 24 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 27 Montreal Montreal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 275 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 276 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 276 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 276 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 276 4 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 276 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 276 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 276 7 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 276 8 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 276 9 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 276 10 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 276 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 3 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 4 Haredim Haredim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 6 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 8 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 9 reserved reserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 11 prayer prayer NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 13 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 14 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 18 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 19 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 25 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 27 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 28 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 277 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 2 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 4 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 6 Haredim Haredim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 7 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 8 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 9 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 13 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 14 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 16 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 17 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 18 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 278 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 279 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 279 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 279 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 279 4 Haredim Haredim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 279 5 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 279 6 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 279 7 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 279 8 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 279 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 279 10 understand understand VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 279 11 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 279 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 4 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 5 send send VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 7 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 9 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 13 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 16 instruction instruction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 18 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 280 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 1 Members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 3 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 4 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 5 Zionist zionist JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 6 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 7 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 11 Satmar Satmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 12 Hasidim Hasidim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 15 view view VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 17 commonplace commonplace JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 18 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 20 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 23 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 25 Zionism Zionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 27 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 28 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 29 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 30 exclusively exclusively RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 281 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 1 Hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 3 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 5 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 6 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 7 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 9 globe globe NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 15 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 17 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 19 translate translate VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 21 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 24 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 26 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 282 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 2 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 4 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 5 טײַטשן‎ טײַטשן‎ CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 7 taytshn taytshn NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 9 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 11 translating translating NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 283 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 2 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 3 yeshivas yeshivas NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 4 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 5 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 6 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 7 lectures lecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 9 Talmud Talmud NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 11 Halakha Halakha NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 13 delivered deliver VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 18 rosh rosh NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 19 yeshivas yeshivas NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 21 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 23 ethical ethical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 24 talks talk NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 27 Musar Musar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 28 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 284 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 1 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 2 rebbes rebbe NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 3 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 4 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 5 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 8 converse converse VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 11 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 14 deliver deliver VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 16 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 17 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 18 talks talk NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 20 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 23 lectures lecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 285 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 2 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 3 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 5 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 7 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 9 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 11 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 15 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 16 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 18 attend attend VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 19 yeshivas yeshiva NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 20 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 286 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 2 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 4 distinctive distinctive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 5 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 10 dubbed dub VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 12 Yeshivish Yeshivish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 287 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 2 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 3 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 5 exclusive exclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 8 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 9 prayer prayer NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 12 Hasidim Hasidim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 14 mixed mix VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 15 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 16 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 19 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 23 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 24 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 27 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 28 secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 29 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 30 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 31 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 33 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 288 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 5 tales tale NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 6 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 8 Baal Baal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 9 Shem Shem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 10 Tov Tov NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 12 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 13 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 289 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 2 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 3 Talks Talks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 6 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 7 Chabad Chabad NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 8 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 10 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 13 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 14 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 16 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 290 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 5 prayers prayer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 10 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 12 Abraham Abraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 16 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 19 recited recite VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 21 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 291 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 3 education[edit education[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 6 road road NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 7 sign sign NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 11 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 14 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 16 sidewalk sidewalk NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 21 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 22 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 23 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 26 Monsey Monsey NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 27 hamlet hamlet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 30 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 32 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 34 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 35 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 38 Ramapo Ramapo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 40 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 41 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 292 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 3 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 5 resurgence resurgence NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 7 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 8 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 10 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 11 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 12 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 15 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 17 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 19 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 20 ancestry ancestry NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 293 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 3 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 4 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 5 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 9 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 10 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 11 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 13 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 15 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 16 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 17 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 20 comeback comeback NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 294 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 2 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 5 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 8 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 11 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 12 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 15 museum museum NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 17 begun begin VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 19 revive revive VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 20 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 21 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 23 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 295 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 4 Located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 6 Kraków Kraków NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 9 Galicia Galicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 10 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 11 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 12 offers offer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 13 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 16 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 17 Instruction Instruction NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 19 workshops workshop NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 21 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 22 Songs Songs NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 296 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 2 museum museum NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 4 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 5 steps step NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 7 revive revive VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 9 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 11 concerts concert NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 13 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 14 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 16 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 297 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 2 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 6 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 7 Universities university NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 8 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 10 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 11 offer offer VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 12 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 13 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 14 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 17 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 18 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 19 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 298 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 4 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 6 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 7 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 9 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 12 attended attend VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 14 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 15 enthusiasts enthusiast NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 17 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 19 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 299 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 3 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 4 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 5 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 6 Vilnius Vilnius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 9 Vilnius Vilnius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 11 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 16 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 17 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 19 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 20 learning learning NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 23 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 25 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 26 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 27 Holocaust holocaust JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 28 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 29 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 300 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 1 Vilnius Vilnius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 3 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 6 integral integral JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 7 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 10 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 14 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 15 Vilnius Vilnius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 301 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 302 1 Published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 302 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 302 3 scholar scholar NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 302 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 302 5 researcher researcher NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 302 6 Dovid Dovid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 302 7 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 302 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 302 9 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 302 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 302 11 Faculty Faculty NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 302 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 4 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 6 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 7 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 8 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 9 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 10 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 11 Jews,[86 Jews,[86 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 13 finding find VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 14 opportunities opportunity NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 16 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 17 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 19 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 21 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 22 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 23 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 26 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 27 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 28 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 29 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 30 trouble trouble NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 31 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 33 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 35 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 303 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 4 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 5 solution solution NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 9 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 12 farm farm NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 14 Goshen Goshen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 16 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 17 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 19 Yiddishists Yiddishists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 304 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 2 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 7 medium medium NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 9 instruction instruction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 12 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 13 חדרים חדרים NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 14 khadoorim khadoorim NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 16 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 17 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 18 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 19 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 22 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 23 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 24 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 25 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 26 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 305 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 1 Sholem Sholem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 2 Aleichem Aleichem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 3 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 6 secular secular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 7 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 8 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 9 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 11 Melbourne Melbourne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 12 teaches teach VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 13 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 16 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 19 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 21 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 306 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 2 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 4 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 6 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 9 Bund Bund NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 10 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 12 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 15 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 16 maintains maintain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 17 daily daily JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 18 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 19 instruction instruction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 20 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 23 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 24 student student NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 25 theater theater NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 27 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 29 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 307 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 1 Internet[edit internet[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 3 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 4 Translate Translate NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 5 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 11 languages,[89][90 languages,[89][90 NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 14 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 15 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 308 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 1 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 2 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 3 keyboards keyboard NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 5 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 7 right right JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 11 left left JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 12 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 13 recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 309 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 310 1 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 310 2 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 310 3 accepts accept VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 310 4 queries query NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 310 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 310 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 310 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 1 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 2 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 3 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 7 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 10 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 12 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 14 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 15 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 20 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 21 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 22 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 25 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 28 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 29 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 30 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 32 volunteers volunteer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 36 Internet Internet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 37 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 311 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 2 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 7 websites website NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 10 Internet Internet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 12 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 312 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 3 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 6 Forward Forward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 7 announced announce VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 9 launch launch NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 12 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 13 daily daily JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 14 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 17 newspaper newspaper NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 19 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 22 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 23 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 24 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 25 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 26 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 29 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 30 weekly weekly NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 32 supplied supply VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 34 radio radio NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 36 video video NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 37 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 40 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 41 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 43 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 44 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 47 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 48 blog blog NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 49 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 50 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 51 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 52 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 53 Hasidic hasidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 54 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 313 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 2 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 4 Computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 5 scientist scientist NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 6 Raphael Raphael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 7 Finkel Finkel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 8 maintains maintain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 10 hub hub NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 12 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 15 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 17 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 19 searchable searchable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 20 dictionary[93 dictionary[93 NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 23 spell spell VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 24 checker checker NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 314 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 5 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 6 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 8 Motorola Motorola NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 10 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 11 released release VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 13 smartphones smartphone NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 15 keyboard keyboard NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 16 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 19 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 20 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 22 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 23 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 25 option option NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 315 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 1 Influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 4 languages[edit languages[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 6 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 10 explained explain VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 12 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 14 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 15 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 16 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 18 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 19 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 22 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 24 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 26 yeshivah yeshivah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 27 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 29 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 30 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 32 Yeshivish Yeshivish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 316 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 317 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 317 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 317 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 317 4 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 317 5 Cockney Cockney NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 317 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 317 7 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 317 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 1 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 2 Wexler Wexler NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 3 proposed propose VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 5 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 9 arbitrary arbitrary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 10 pastiche pastiche NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 12 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 13 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 14 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 17 Latinate Latinate NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 18 relexification relexification NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 20 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 23 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 26 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 27 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 318 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 319 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 319 2 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 319 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 319 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 319 5 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 319 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 319 7 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 319 8 unsupported unsupported JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 319 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 319 10 mainstream mainstream JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 319 11 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 319 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 2 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 6 election election NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 7 poster poster NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 9 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 12 store store NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 14 Village Village NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 16 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 17 Square Square NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 19 Town Town NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 21 Ramapo Ramapo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 23 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 24 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 26 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 28 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 320 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 321 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 321 2 candidates candidate NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 321 3 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 321 4 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 321 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 321 6 transliterated transliterate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 321 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 321 8 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 321 9 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 321 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 322 1 Rosh Rosh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 322 2 Hashanah Hashanah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 322 3 greeting greeting NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 322 4 card card NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 322 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 322 6 Montevideo Montevideo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 322 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 322 8 1932 1932 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 322 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 2 inscription inscription NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 3 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 4 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 6 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 8 לשנה לשנה NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 9 טובה טובה JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 10 תכתבו תכתבו NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 11 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 12 LeShoyno LeShoyno NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 13 Toyvo Toyvo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 14 Tikoseyvu Tikoseyvu NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 19 מאנטעווידעא מאנטעווידעא NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 20 — — : en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 21 Montevideo Montevideo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 323 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 1 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 2 examples[edit examples[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 4 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 7 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 8 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 11 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 14 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 15 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 18 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 324 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 1 Article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 5 Universal Universal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 6 Declaration Declaration NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 8 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 9 Rights Rights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 10 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 11 Text Text NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 12 English[97 English[97 '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 14 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 15 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 16 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 18 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 19 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 21 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 23 dignity dignity NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 25 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 325 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 3 endowed endow VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 5 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 7 conscience conscience NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 9 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 10 act act VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 11 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 12 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 13 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 16 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 18 brotherhood brotherhood NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 326 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 1 Yiddish[98 Yiddish[98 NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 3 יעדער יעדער NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 4 מענטש מענטש NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 5 װערט װערט NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 6 געבױרן געבױרן NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 7 פֿרײַ פֿרײַ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 8 און און NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 9 גלײַך גלײַך NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 10 אין אין NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 11 כּבֿוד כּבֿוד NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 12 און און NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 13 רעכט רעכט NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 327 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 1 יעדער יעדער NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 2 װערט װערט NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 3 באַשאָנקן באַשאָנקן . en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 4 מיט מיט NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 5 פֿאַרשטאַנד פֿאַרשטאַנד NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 6 און און NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 7 געװיסן געװיסן NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 9 יעדער יעדער NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 10 זאָל זאָל NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 11 זיך זיך NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 12 פֿירן פֿירן NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 13 מיט מיט NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 14 אַ אַ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 15 צװײטן צװײטן NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 16 אין אין NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 17 אַ אַ XX en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 18 געמיט געמיט NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 19 פֿון פֿון NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 20 ברודערשאַפֿט ברודערשאַפֿט NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 328 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 3 transliteration)[98 transliteration)[98 NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 5 Yeder Yeder NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 6 mentsh mentsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 7 vert vert NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 8 geboyrn geboyrn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 9 fray fray NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 10 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 11 glaykh glaykh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 13 koved koved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 14 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 15 rekht rekht NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 329 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 1 Yeder yeder NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 2 vert vert NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 3 bashonkn bashonkn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 4 mit mit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 5 farshtand farshtand NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 6 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 7 gevisn gevisn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 9 yeder yeder NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 10 zol zol NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 11 zikh zikh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 12 firn firn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 13 mit mit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 15 tsveytn tsveytn NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 18 gemit gemit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 19 fun fun NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 20 brudershaft brudershaft NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 330 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 1 German[99 german[99 ADD en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 3 Alle Alle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 4 Menschen Menschen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 5 sind sind NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 6 frei frei NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 7 und und VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 8 gleich gleich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 10 Würde Würde NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 11 und und NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 12 Rechten Rechten NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 13 geboren geboren NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 331 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 1 Sie sie JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 2 sind sind JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 3 mit mit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 4 Vernunft Vernunft NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 5 und und JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 6 Gewissen Gewissen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 7 begabt begabt NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 8 und und NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 9 sollen sollen NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 10 einander einander NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 11 i -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 12 m be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 13 Geist Geist NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 14 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 15 Brüderlichkeit Brüderlichkeit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 16 begegnen begegnen NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 332 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 1 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 3 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 6 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 7 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 9 Jeder Jeder NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 10 Mensch Mensch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 11 wird wird JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 12 geboren geboren NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 13 frei frei NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 14 und und VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 15 gleich gleich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 17 Würde Würde NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 18 und und JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 19 Recht Recht NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 333 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 1 Jeder jeder NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 2 wird wird NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 3 beschenkt beschenkt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 4 mit mit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 5 Verstand Verstand NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 6 und und NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 7 Gewissen Gewissen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 9 jeder jeder NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 10 soll soll NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 11 sich sich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 12 führen führen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 13 mit mit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 14 einem einem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 15 Zweiten Zweiten NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 17 einem einem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 18 Gemüt Gemüt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 19 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 20 Brüderschaft Brüderschaft NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 334 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 2 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 4 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 9 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 10 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 12 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 13 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 15 periodicals periodical NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 16 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 17 grammar grammar VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 19 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 20 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 21 Lear Lear NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 22 Yinglish Yinglish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 23 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 25 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 27 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 28 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 29 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 30 Ethnologue Ethnologue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 32 18th 18th NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 33 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 34 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 36 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 38 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 39 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 40 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 41 Ethnologue Ethnologue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 43 18th 18th NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 44 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 45 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 47 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 49 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 50 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 51 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 52 Ethnologue Ethnologue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 54 18th 18th NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 55 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 56 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 58 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 60 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 61 Edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 62 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 63 Ekkehard Ekkehard NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 64 König König NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 65 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 66 Johan Johan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 67 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 68 der der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 69 Auwera Auwera NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 70 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 71 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 72 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 73 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 335 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 3 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 6 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 8 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 11 388 388 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 13 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 14 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 17 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 18 Sten Sten NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 19 Vikner Vikner NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 21 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 22 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 24 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 25 Syntax Syntax NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 27 Verb Verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 28 Movement Movement NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 30 Expletive Expletive NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 31 Subjects Subjects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 34 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 35 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 336 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 5 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 6 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 7 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 8 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 10 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 13 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 14 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 15 Matthias Matthias NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 16 Mieses Mieses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 18 Die die VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 19 Gesetze Gesetze NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 20 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 21 Schriftgeschichte Schriftgeschichte NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 23 Konfession konfession NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 24 und und JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 25 Schrift Schrift NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 26 i -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 27 m be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 28 Leben Leben NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 29 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 30 Völker Völker NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 337 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 338 1 1919 1919 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 338 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 338 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 338 4 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 338 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 339 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 339 2 cp cp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 339 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 1 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 2 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 3 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 5 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 6 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 7 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 10 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 12 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 13 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 15 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 17 Carmen Carmen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 18 Reichert Reichert NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 20 Poetische Poetische NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 21 Selbstbilder Selbstbilder NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 23 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 25 jüdische jüdische NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 26 und und NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 27 Jiddische Jiddische NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 28 Lyrikanthologien Lyrikanthologien NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 29 1900–1938 1900–1938 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 340 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 341 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 341 2 Jüdische Jüdische NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 341 3 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 341 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 341 5 Geschichte Geschichte NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 341 6 und und VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 341 7 Kultur Kultur NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 341 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 342 1 Band Band NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 342 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 342 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 342 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 343 1 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 343 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 343 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 343 4 223 223 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 343 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 343 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 343 7 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 343 8 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 343 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 2 Ein Ein NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 3 radikaler radikaler NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 4 Schritt Schritt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 6 eine eine NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 7 jiddische jiddische NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 8 Anthologie Anthologie NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 10 lateinischen lateinischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 11 Buchstaben Buchstaben NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 13 Illa Illa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 14 Meisels Meisels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 16 Erinnerung Erinnerung NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 17 der der IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 18 Herzen Herzen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 344 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 1 Wien Wien NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 3 Czernin Czernin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 4 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 9 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 12 Chaja Chaja NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 13 Raismann Raismann NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 15 Nit Nit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 17 Golus Golus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 18 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 19 nit nit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 21 der der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 22 Heem Heem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 24 Amsterdam Amsterdam NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 25 1931 1931 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 27 ein ein NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 29 lateinischen lateinischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 30 Buchstaben Buchstaben NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 31 geschriebenes geschriebene VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 32 jiddisches jiddische NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 33 Büchlein Büchlein NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 345 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 346 1 Desanka Desanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 346 2 Schwara Schwara NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 346 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 346 4 Humor humor NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 346 5 und und NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 346 6 Toleranz Toleranz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 346 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 347 1 Ostjüdische Ostjüdische NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 347 2 Anekdoten Anekdoten NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 347 3 als als NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 347 4 historische historische NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 347 5 Quelle Quelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 347 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 1 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 4 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 5 Edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 7 Manfred Manfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 8 Treml Treml NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 10 Josef Josef NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 11 Kirmeier Kirmeier NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 13 assistance assistance NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 15 Evamaria Evamaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 16 Brockhoff Brockhoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 18 Geschichte Geschichte NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 19 und und VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 20 Kultur Kultur NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 21 der der VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 22 Juden Juden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 24 Bayern Bayern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 26 Aufsätze Aufsätze NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 348 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 1 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 4 522 522 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 7 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 8 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 9 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 10 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 11 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 12 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 13 Charter Charter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 15 Regional Regional NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 17 Minority Minority NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 18 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 19 ^ ^ VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 20 Matras Matras NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 22 Yaron Yaron NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 349 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 350 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 350 2 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 350 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 350 4 Endangered Endangered NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 350 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 350 6 Smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 350 7 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 350 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 350 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 350 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 350 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 351 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 351 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 351 3 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 351 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 352 1 humanities.manchester.ac.uk humanities.manchester.ac.uk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 352 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 1 Matres Matres NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 2 explains explain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 6 emigration emigration NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 9 eastward eastward RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 11 Slavic Slavic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 13 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 14 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 16 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 17 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 20 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 22 twelfth twelfth JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 23 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 24 onward onward RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 26 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 28 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 29 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 30 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 31 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 32 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 33 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 36 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 39 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 40 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 41 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 43 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 44 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 45 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 46 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 47 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 48 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 49 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 50 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 51 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 52 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 53 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 54 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 55 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 56 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 57 (= (= NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 58 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 59 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 60 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 63 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 64 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 66 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 67 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 68 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 69 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 70 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 71 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 72 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 73 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 74 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 75 Taitsh Taitsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 76 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 77 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 78 = = NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 79 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 80 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 81 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 82 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 83 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 84 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 85 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 353 86 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 354 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 354 2 Jacobs Jacobs NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 354 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 354 4 Neil Neil NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 354 5 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 354 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 354 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 354 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 354 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 355 1 Yiddish yiddish NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 355 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 355 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 355 4 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 355 5 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 355 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 356 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 356 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 356 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 356 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 357 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 357 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 357 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 357 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 358 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 358 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 358 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 358 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 358 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 358 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 358 7 77215-X. 77215-x. CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 2 Baumgarten Baumgarten NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 4 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 6 Frakes Frakes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 8 Jerold Jerold NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 9 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 11 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 12 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 14 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 359 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 360 1 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 360 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 360 3 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 360 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 360 5 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 360 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 361 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 361 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 361 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 361 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 362 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 362 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 362 3 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 362 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 363 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 363 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 363 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 363 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 363 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 363 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 363 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 363 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 363 9 927633 927633 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 363 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 363 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 363 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 364 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 364 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 364 3 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 364 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 364 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 364 6 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 364 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 364 8 ages age NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 364 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 364 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 365 1 jewishgen.org jewishgen.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 365 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 2 Aram Aram NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 3 Yardumian Yardumian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 7 Tale Tale NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 9 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 10 Hypotheses Hypotheses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 12 Genetics Genetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 15 Ethnogenesis Ethnogenesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 17 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 18 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 366 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 367 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 367 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 367 3 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 367 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 368 1 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 368 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 2 Oscar Oscar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 3 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 4 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 5 Cole Cole NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 6 Porter Porter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 8 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 9 My -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 10 Heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 11 Belongs belong VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 13 Daddy daddy NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 20 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 21 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 22 tunes tune NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 23 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 24 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 27 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 29 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 30 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 32 Cole Cole NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 33 Porter Porter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 35 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 36 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 37 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 38 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 39 alien alien JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 41 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 42 Jewishness Jewishness NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 369 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 1 Oscar Oscar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 2 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 5 Unimportance Unimportance NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 7 Being Being NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 8 Oscar Oscar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 10 Pocket Pocket NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 11 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 12 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 14 reprint reprint NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 370 16 G.P. G.P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 371 1 Putnam Putnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 371 2 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 371 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 371 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 371 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 371 6 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 371 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 372 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 372 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 372 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 372 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 372 5 671 671 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 372 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 372 7 77104 77104 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 372 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 372 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 372 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 373 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 373 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 373 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 373 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 373 5 Dovid Dovid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 373 6 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 373 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 374 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 374 2 YIDDISH YIDDISH NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 374 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 374 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 374 5 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 374 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 374 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 375 1 YIVO yivo NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 375 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 9 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 10 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 12 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 376 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 377 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 377 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 377 3 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 377 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 377 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 377 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 4 Solomon Solomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 5 Birnbaum Birnbaum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 7 Grammatik Grammatik NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 8 der der VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 9 jiddischen jiddischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 10 Sprache Sprache NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 12 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 13 . . CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 15 erg erg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 378 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 1 Aufl Aufl NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 4 Hamburg Hamburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 6 Buske Buske NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 8 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 12 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 379 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 380 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 380 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 380 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 380 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 380 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 380 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 381 1 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 381 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 381 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 381 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 381 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 381 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 381 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 382 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 382 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 382 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 382 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 382 5 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 382 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 382 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 382 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 382 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 382 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 382 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 382 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 383 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 383 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 384 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 384 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 384 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 384 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 384 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 384 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 384 7 044299 044299 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 384 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 384 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 384 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 385 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 385 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 385 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 385 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 385 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 385 6 Spolsky Spolsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 385 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 385 8 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 385 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 385 10 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 385 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 385 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 386 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 386 2 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 386 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 386 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 386 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 386 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 386 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 386 8 Sociolinguistic sociolinguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 386 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 386 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 387 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 387 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 387 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 387 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 388 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 388 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 388 3 183 183 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 388 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 389 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 389 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 389 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 389 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 389 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 389 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 389 7 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 389 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 389 9 91714 91714 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 389 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 389 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 389 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 390 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 390 2 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 390 3 Weinreich Weinreich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 390 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 390 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 390 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 390 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 390 8 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 390 9 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 390 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 390 11 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 390 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 1 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 2 Glasser Glasser NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 4 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 6 Press/ Press/ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 7 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 8 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 10 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 11 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 13 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 14 p.336 p.336 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 391 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 392 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 392 2 Weinreich Weinreich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 392 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 392 4 Uriel Uriel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 392 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 392 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 392 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 393 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 393 2 1954 1954 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 393 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 393 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 394 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 394 2 Field Field NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 394 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 394 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 394 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 395 1 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 395 2 Circle Circle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 395 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 395 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 395 5 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 395 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 396 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 396 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 397 1 63–101 63–101 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 397 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 5 Aptroot Aptroot NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 7 Marion Marion NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 9 Hansen Hansen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 11 Björn Björn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 13 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 398 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 399 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 399 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 399 3 Structures Structures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 399 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 400 1 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 400 2 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 400 3 Mouton Mouton NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 400 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 401 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 401 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 401 3 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 401 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 402 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 402 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 402 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 402 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 402 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 402 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 402 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 402 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 402 9 033952 033952 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 402 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 402 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 402 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 403 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 403 2 Jacobs Jacobs NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 403 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 403 4 Neil Neil NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 403 5 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 403 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 403 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 403 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 403 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 404 1 Yiddish yiddish NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 404 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 404 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 404 4 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 404 5 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 404 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 405 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 405 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 405 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 405 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 406 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 406 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 407 1 9–15 9–15 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 407 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 408 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 408 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 408 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 408 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 408 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 408 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 408 7 77215-X. 77215-x. CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 409 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 409 2 Philologos Philologos NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 409 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 409 4 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 409 5 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 409 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 409 7 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 409 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 409 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 410 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 410 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 410 3 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 410 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 410 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 410 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 410 7 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 410 8 Fir Fir NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 410 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 410 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 411 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 411 2 Forward Forward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 411 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 412 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 412 2 Kriwaczek Kriwaczek NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 412 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 412 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 412 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 412 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 412 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 412 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 413 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 413 2 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 413 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 413 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 413 5 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 413 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 413 7 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 413 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 413 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 413 10 Forgotten Forgotten NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 413 11 Nation Nation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 413 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 414 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 414 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 414 3 Weidenfeld Weidenfeld NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 414 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 414 5 Nicolson Nicolson NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 414 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 5 297 297 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 7 82941 82941 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 10 . . CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 12 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 13 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 15 footnote footnote VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 16 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 415 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 416 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 416 2 Schoenberg Schoenberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 416 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 416 4 Shira Shira NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 416 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 417 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 417 2 Judaism judaism NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 417 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 417 4 Ashkenazism Ashkenazism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 417 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 417 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 418 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 418 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 418 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 418 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 418 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 418 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 419 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 419 2 Beider Beider NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 419 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 419 4 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 419 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 419 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 419 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 419 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 420 1 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 420 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 420 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 420 4 Dialects Dialects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 420 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 9 873931 873931 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 421 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 422 1 382–402 382–402 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 422 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 423 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 423 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 423 3 Image image NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 423 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 423 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 424 1 Yivoencyclopedia.org Yivoencyclopedia.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 424 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 425 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 425 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 425 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 425 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 425 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 425 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 426 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 426 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 426 3 בדעתו בדעתו NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 426 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 426 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 427 1 Milon.co.il milon.co.il ADD en-wikipedia-org-7013 427 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 428 1 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 428 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 428 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 428 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 428 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 429 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 429 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 429 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 429 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 429 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 429 6 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 429 7 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 429 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 429 9 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 429 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 430 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 430 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 430 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 430 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 430 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 430 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 2 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 4 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 6 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 7 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 10 Haskalah Haskalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 11 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 13 Zinberg Zinberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 15 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 431 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 432 1 KTAV KTAV NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 432 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 432 3 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 432 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 433 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 433 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 433 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 433 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 433 5 87068 87068 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 433 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 433 7 465 465 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 433 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 433 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 433 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 2 Speculum Speculum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 5 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 7 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 8 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 10 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 11 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 13 Issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 14 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 16 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 17 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 20 210–212 210–212 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 21 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 22 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 23 Weinreich Weinreich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 25 געשיכטע געשיכטע VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 26 פֿון פֿון NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 27 דער דער NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 28 ייִדישער ייִדישער NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 29 שפּראַך שפּראַך NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 31 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 32 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 34 YIVO yivo NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 36 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 39 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 434 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 4 280 280 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 7 explanation explanation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 9 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 12 xiv xiv NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 435 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 436 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 436 2 Bechtel Bechtel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 436 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 436 4 Delphine Delphine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 436 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 436 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 436 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 436 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 3 Theatre Theatre NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 5 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 6 Impact Impact NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 9 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 11 Austrian austrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 12 Stage Stage NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 437 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 2 Malkin Malkin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 4 Jeanette Jeanette NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 5 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 7 Rokem Rokem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 9 Freddie Freddie NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 11 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 438 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 439 1 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 439 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 439 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 439 4 making making NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 439 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 439 6 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 439 7 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 439 8 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 439 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 440 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 440 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 440 3 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 440 4 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 440 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 440 6 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 440 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 441 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 441 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 441 3 Iowa Iowa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 441 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 441 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 442 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 442 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 442 3 304 304 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 442 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 443 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 443 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 443 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 443 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 443 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 443 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 443 7 58729 58729 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 443 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 443 9 868 868 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 443 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 443 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 443 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 444 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 444 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 444 3 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 444 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 444 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 444 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 4 audiences audience NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 5 heard hear VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 8 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 10 continuum continuum NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 12 hybrid hybrid JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 15 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 19 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 22 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 23 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 26 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 27 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 29 Mauscheldeutsch Mauscheldeutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 31 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 32 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 34 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 35 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 445 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 2 Applegate Applegate NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 4 Celia Celia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 6 Potter Potter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 8 Pamela Pamela NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 9 Maxine Maxine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 11 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 446 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 447 1 Music music NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 447 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 447 3 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 447 4 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 447 5 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 447 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 448 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 448 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 448 3 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 448 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 448 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 449 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 449 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 449 3 310 310 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 449 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 450 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 450 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 450 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 450 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 450 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 450 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 450 7 226 226 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 450 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 450 9 02131 02131 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 450 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 450 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 450 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 451 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 451 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 451 3 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 451 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 451 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 451 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 5 1787 1787 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 7 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 8 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 9 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 12 Prague Prague NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 13 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 15 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 17 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 20 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 21 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 24 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 26 Mauscheldeutsch Mauscheldeutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 29 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 30 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 32 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 33 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 34 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 36 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 38 Mauscheldeutsch Mauscheldeutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 39 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 40 Moischele Moischele NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 42 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 43 = = NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 44 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 45 Moses Moses NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 46 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 47 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 452 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 453 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 453 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 453 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 453 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 453 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 453 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 453 7 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 453 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 453 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 453 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 453 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 454 1 www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 454 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 455 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 455 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 455 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 455 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 455 5 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 455 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 456 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 456 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 456 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 456 4 Magocsi Magocsi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 456 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 456 6 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 456 7 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 456 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 456 9 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 456 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 456 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 457 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 457 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 457 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 457 4 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 457 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 457 6 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 457 7 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 457 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 457 9 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 457 10 Peoples Peoples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 457 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 458 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 458 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 458 3 Toronto Toronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 458 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 458 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 459 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 459 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 459 3 537 537 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 459 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 460 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 460 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 460 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 460 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 460 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 460 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 460 7 4426 4426 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 460 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 460 9 4085 4085 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 460 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 460 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 460 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 461 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 461 2 Кожинова Кожинова NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 461 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 461 4 Алла Алла NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 461 5 Андреевна Андреевна NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 461 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 461 7 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 461 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 461 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 2 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 4 Graphical Graphical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 5 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 7 Belarus Belarus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 10 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 11 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 14 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 15 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 16 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 462 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 463 1 Studi Studi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 463 2 Slavistici Slavistici NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 463 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 464 1 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 464 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 464 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 464 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 464 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 464 6 133–156 133–156 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 464 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 465 1 doi:10.13128 doi:10.13128 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 465 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 465 3 Studi_Slavis-21942 Studi_Slavis-21942 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 465 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 466 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 466 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 466 3 1824 1824 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 466 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 466 5 7601 7601 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 466 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 467 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 467 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 467 3 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 467 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 467 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 467 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 1 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 3 Interwar Interwar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 4 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 7 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 9 Lithuania Lithuania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 11 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 12 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 15 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 16 Community Community NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 18 Vilna Vilna NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 468 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 469 1 www.yadvashem.org www.yadvashem.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 469 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 470 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 470 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 470 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 470 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 470 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 470 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 471 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 471 2 Wex Wex NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 471 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 471 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 471 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 471 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 471 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 471 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 1 Born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 3 Kvetch Kvetch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 8 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 10 All all PDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 11 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 12 Moods mood NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 472 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 473 1 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 473 2 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 473 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 473 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 473 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 474 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 474 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 474 3 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 474 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 475 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 475 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 475 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 475 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 475 5 312 312 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 475 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 475 7 30741 30741 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 475 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 475 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 475 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 476 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 476 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 476 3 Welke Welke NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 476 4 erkende erkende NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 476 5 talen talen NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 476 6 heeft heeft NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 476 7 Nederland Nederland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 476 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-7013 476 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 476 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 477 1 Rijksoverheid.nl rijksoverheid.nl UH en-wikipedia-org-7013 477 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 478 1 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 478 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 478 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 478 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 478 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 479 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 479 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 479 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 479 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 479 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 479 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 2 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 5 Ethnologue Ethnologue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 7 18th 18th NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 9 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 13 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 14 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 15 spoken spoken JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 16 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 19 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 20 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 22 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 23 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 24 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 480 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 481 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 481 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 481 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 481 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 481 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 481 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 2 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 5 Ethnologue Ethnologue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 7 18th 18th NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 9 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 13 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 14 Emanuelis Emanuelis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 15 Zingeris Zingeris NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 18 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 19 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 20 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 21 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 23 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 27 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 28 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 30 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 32 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 33 Committee Committee NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 35 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 37 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 38 Doc Doc NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 482 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 483 1 7489 7489 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 483 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 483 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 483 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 483 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 483 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 483 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 484 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 484 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 484 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 484 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 484 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 484 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 485 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 485 2 Rabinowitz Rabinowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 485 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 485 4 Aaron Aaron NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 485 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 485 6 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 485 7 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 485 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 485 9 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 485 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 485 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 2 War war NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 4 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 5 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 6 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 7 ultra ultra JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 8 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 9 Orthodox orthodox JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 11 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 12 Can Can MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 13 Be be VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 14 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 15 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 16 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 486 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 487 1 Haaretz Haaretz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 487 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 488 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 488 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 488 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 488 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 488 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 488 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 3 Scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 4 Debate Debate NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 5 Roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 7 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 9 Migration Migration NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 11 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 14 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 15 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 18 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 19 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 20 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 22 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 23 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 25 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 26 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 28 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 29 copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 489 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 490 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 490 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 490 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 490 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 490 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 490 6 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 490 7 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 490 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 490 9 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 490 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 5 2005.CS1 2005.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 6 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 8 archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 9 copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 11 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 13 link link NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 15 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 16 Rozovsky Rozovsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 18 Lorne Lorne NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 491 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 492 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 492 2 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 492 3 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 492 4 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 492 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 492 6 Extinction Extinction NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 492 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 492 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 493 1 Chabad.org Chabad.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 493 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 494 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 494 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 494 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 494 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 494 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 494 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 2 Zuckermann Zuckermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 4 Ghil'ad Ghil'ad NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 9 Hybridity Hybridity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 10 versus versus IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 11 Revivability Revivability NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 13 Multiple Multiple NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 14 Causation Causation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 16 Forms Forms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 18 Patterns Patterns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 495 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 5 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 7 Varia Varia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 10 40–67 40–67 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 13 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 496 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 2 Zuckermann Zuckermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 4 Ghil'ad Ghil'ad NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 9 Hybridity Hybridity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 10 versus versus IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 11 Revivability Revivability NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 13 Multiple Multiple NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 14 Causation Causation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 16 Forms Forms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 18 Patterns Patterns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 497 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 5 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 7 Varia Varia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 10 40–67 40–67 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 13 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 498 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 499 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 499 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 499 3 חוק חוק NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 499 4 הרשות הרשות NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 499 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 499 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 500 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 500 2 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 500 3 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 500 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 500 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 500 6 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 500 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 501 1 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 501 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 502 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 502 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 502 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 502 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 502 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 502 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 3 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 4 Thrives thrive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 6 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 7 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 8 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 10 Fifty Fifty NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 11 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 13 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 14 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 503 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 504 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 504 2 Hirson Hirson NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 504 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 504 4 Baruch Baruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 504 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 504 6 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 504 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 504 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 505 1 Friend friend NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 505 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 505 3 Olive Olive NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 505 4 Schreiner Schreiner NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 505 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 505 6 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 505 7 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 505 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 505 9 Ruth Ruth NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 505 10 Schechter Schechter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 505 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 506 1 Collected Collected NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 506 2 Seminar Seminar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 506 3 Papers Papers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 506 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 507 1 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 507 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 507 3 Commonwealth Commonwealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 507 4 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 507 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 507 6 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 507 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 507 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 507 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 507 10 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 507 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 508 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 508 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 508 3 0076 0076 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 508 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 508 5 0773 0773 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 508 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 5 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 6 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 7 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 8 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 10 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 11 Schools Schools NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 509 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 510 1 yivoencyclopedia.org yivoencyclopedia.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 510 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 511 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 511 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 511 3 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 511 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 511 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 511 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 512 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 512 2 Ben Ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 512 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 512 4 Eliezer Eliezer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 512 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 512 6 Moshe Moshe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 512 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 512 8 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 512 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 512 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 2 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 5 Survival Survival NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 7 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 8 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 11 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 12 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 513 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 514 1 ETC ETC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 514 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 514 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 514 4 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 514 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 514 6 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 514 7 Semantics Semantics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 514 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 515 1 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 515 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 515 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 515 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 515 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 515 6 248–253 248–253 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 515 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 516 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 516 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 516 3 0014 0014 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 516 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 516 5 164X. 164x. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 517 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 517 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 517 3 42575482 42575482 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 517 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 518 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 518 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 518 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 518 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 518 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 519 1 www.encyclopediaofukraine.com www.encyclopediaofukraine.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-7013 519 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 520 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 520 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 520 3 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 520 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 520 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 520 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 3 Информационные Информационные NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 4 материалы материалы NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 5 всероссийской всероссийской NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 6 переписи переписи JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 7 населения населения NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 9 г г CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 11 Население Население NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 12 Российской Российской NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 13 Федерации Федерации NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 14 по по CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 15 владению владению NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 16 языками языками NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 521 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 522 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 522 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 522 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 522 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 522 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 522 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 523 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 523 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 523 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 523 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 523 5 журнал журнал NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 523 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 523 7 Лехаим Лехаим NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 523 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 523 9 М. М. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 523 10 Е. Е. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 523 11 Швыдкой Швыдкой NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 523 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 524 1 Расставание расставание NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 524 2 с с CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 524 3 прошлым прошлым JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 524 4 неизбежно неизбежно NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 524 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 524 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 525 1 Lechaim.ru lechaim.ru UH en-wikipedia-org-7013 525 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 526 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 526 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 526 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 526 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 526 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 526 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 527 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 527 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 527 3 Birobidzhaner Birobidzhaner NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 527 4 Shtern Shtern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 527 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 527 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 527 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 527 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 528 1 Gazetaeao.ru gazetaeao.ru UH en-wikipedia-org-7013 528 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 529 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 529 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 529 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 529 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 529 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 529 6 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 529 7 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 529 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 529 9 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 529 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 530 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 530 2 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 530 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 530 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 530 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 530 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 531 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 531 2 Rettig Rettig NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 531 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 531 4 Haviv Haviv NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 531 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 531 6 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 531 7 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 531 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 531 9 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 531 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 531 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 532 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 532 2 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 532 3 returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 532 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 532 5 Birobidzhan Birobidzhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 532 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 532 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 533 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 533 2 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 533 3 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 533 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 534 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 534 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 534 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 534 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 534 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 534 6 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 534 7 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 534 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 534 9 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 534 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 535 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 535 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 535 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 535 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 535 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 535 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 2 Статистический Статистический NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 3 бюллетень бюллетень NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 5 Национальный национальный JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 6 состав состав NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 7 и и NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 8 владение владение NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 9 языками языками NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 11 гражданство гражданство NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 12 населения населения NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 13 Еврейской Еврейской NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 14 автономной автономной VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 15 области области NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 17 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 18 Statistical Statistical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 19 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 21 National national JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 22 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 25 skills skill NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 27 citizenship citizenship NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 28 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 29 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 30 Autonomous Autonomous NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 31 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 33 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 36 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 536 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 537 1 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 537 2 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 537 3 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 537 4 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 537 5 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 537 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 538 1 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 538 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 538 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 538 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 538 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 539 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 539 2 document document NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 539 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 539 4 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 539 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 540 1 ВЛАДЕНИЕ ВЛАДЕНИЕ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 540 2 ЯЗЫКАМИ ЯЗЫКАМИ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 540 3 НАСЕЛЕНИЕМ НАСЕЛЕНИЕМ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 540 4 ОБЛАСТИ.pdf ОБЛАСТИ.pdf , en-wikipedia-org-7013 540 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 540 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 6 RAR RAR NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 11 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 12 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 14 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 541 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 542 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 542 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 542 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 542 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 542 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 542 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 543 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 543 2 Walker Walker NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 543 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 543 4 Shaun Shaun NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 543 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 543 6 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 543 7 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 543 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 543 9 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 543 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 543 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 2 Revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 5 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 6 Zion Zion NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 8 Birobidzhan Birobidzhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 9 celebrates celebrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 12 heritage heritage NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 544 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 545 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 545 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 545 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 545 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 545 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 545 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 545 7 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 545 8 www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-7013 545 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 546 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 546 2 Yekelchyk Yekelchyk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 546 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 546 4 Serhy Serhy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 546 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 546 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 546 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 546 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 547 1 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 547 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 547 3 Birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 547 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 547 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 547 6 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 547 7 Nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 547 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 548 1 OUP OUP NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 548 2 USA USA NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 548 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 549 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 549 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 549 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 549 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 549 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 549 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 549 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 549 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 549 9 530546 530546 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 549 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 549 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 549 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 550 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 550 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 550 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 550 4 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 550 5 Charter Charter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 550 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 550 7 Regional Regional NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 550 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 550 9 Minority Minority NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 550 10 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 550 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 551 1 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 551 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 551 3 declarations declaration NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 551 4 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 551 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 551 6 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 551 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 551 8 treaty treaty NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 551 9 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-7013 551 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 1 148 148 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 3 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 8 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 10 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 11 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 14 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 16 Regeringens regeringen VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 17 proposition proposition NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 18 1998/99:143 1998/99:143 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 19 Nationella Nationella NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 20 minoriteter minoriteter NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 21 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 22 Sverige[permanent sverige[permanent VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 23 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 24 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 27 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 28 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 30 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 552 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 553 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 553 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 553 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 553 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 553 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 553 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 554 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 554 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 554 3 sprakradet.se sprakradet.se NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 554 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 554 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 555 1 sprakradet.se sprakradet.se ADD en-wikipedia-org-7013 555 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 556 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 556 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 556 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 556 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 556 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 556 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 6 אַ אַ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 7 נאַציאָנאַלער נאַציאָנאַלער CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 8 האַנדלונגס־פּלאַן האַנדלונגס־פּלאַן NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 9 פאַר פאַר NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 10 די די NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 11 מענטשלעכע מענטשלעכע VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 12 רעכט[permanent רעכט[permanent CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 13 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 14 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 16 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 17 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 18 Action Action NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 19 Plan Plan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 21 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 22 Rights Rights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 23 2006–2009 2006–2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 557 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 558 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 558 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 558 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 558 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 558 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 558 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 6 נאַציאַנאַלע נאַציאַנאַלע NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 7 מינאָריטעטן מינאָריטעטן XX en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 8 און און VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 9 מינאָריטעט־שפּראַכן מינאָריטעט־שפּראַכן NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 10 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 11 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 12 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 14 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 18 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 19 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 20 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 21 Minorities Minorities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 23 Minority Minority NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 24 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 559 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 560 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 560 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 560 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 560 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 560 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 560 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 561 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 561 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 561 3 IDG IDG NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 561 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 561 5 Jiddischdomänen Jiddischdomänen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 561 6 är är NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 561 7 här här NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 561 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 561 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 562 1 Idg.se Idg.se NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 562 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 563 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 563 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 563 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 563 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 563 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 563 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 564 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 564 2 Mikael Mikael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 564 3 Parkvall Parkvall NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 564 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 564 5 Sveriges Sveriges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 564 6 språk språk NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 564 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 565 1 Vem Vem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 565 2 talar talar JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 565 3 vad vad RP en-wikipedia-org-7013 565 4 och och CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 565 5 var var NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 565 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-7013 565 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 566 1 RAPPLING rapple VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 566 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 566 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 567 1 Rapporter Rapporter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 567 2 från från NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 567 3 Institutionen Institutionen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 567 4 för för NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 567 5 lingvistik lingvistik NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 567 6 vid vid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 567 7 Stockholms Stockholms NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 567 8 universitet universitet NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 567 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 568 1 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 568 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 568 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 568 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 568 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 568 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 568 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 569 1 68–72 68–72 NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 569 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 569 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 569 4 Moses Moses NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 569 5 Shapiro Shapiro NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 569 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 569 7 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 569 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 569 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 570 1 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 570 2 Did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 570 3 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 570 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 570 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 570 6 Shout shout VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 570 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-7013 571 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 571 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 571 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 571 4 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 571 5 Journalism Journalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 571 6 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 571 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 571 8 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 571 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 572 1 KTAV KTAV NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 572 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 573 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 573 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 573 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 573 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 574 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 574 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 574 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 574 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 574 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 574 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 574 7 88125 88125 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 574 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 574 9 775 775 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 574 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 574 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 574 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 575 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 575 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 575 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 575 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 575 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 575 6 פֿאָרווערטס פֿאָרווערטס NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 575 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 575 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 575 9 Forward Forward NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 575 10 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 575 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 6 דער דער NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 7 אַלגעמיינער אַלגעמיינער NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 8 זשורנאַל זשורנאַל NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 9 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 10 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 13 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 17 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 18 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 20 Algemeiner Algemeiner NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 21 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 22 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 23 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 25 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 26 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 27 Film Film NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 28 Registry Registry NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 29 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 30 Than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 32 Box Box NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 34 Chocolates Chocolates NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 576 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 577 1 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 577 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 577 3 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 577 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 577 5 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 577 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 577 7 D.C. D.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 577 8 20540 20540 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 577 9 USA USA NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 577 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 578 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 578 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 578 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 578 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 578 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 578 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 579 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 579 2 Volokh Volokh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 579 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 579 4 Eugene Eugene NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 579 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 579 6 Kozinski Kozinski NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 579 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 579 8 Alex Alex NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 579 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 579 10 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 579 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 579 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 580 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 580 2 Lawsuit Lawsuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 580 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 580 4 Shmawsuit Shmawsuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 580 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 580 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 581 1 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 581 2 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 581 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 581 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 2 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 3 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 4 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 5 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 7 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 8 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 10 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 13 463–467 463–467 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 582 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 583 1 doi:10.2307/797101 doi:10.2307/797101 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 583 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 584 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 584 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 584 3 797101 797101 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 584 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 2 Note note NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 5 updated update VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 6 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 10 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 12 Professor Professor NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 13 Volokh Volokh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 15 UCLA UCLA NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 16 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 17 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 20 Judge Judge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 21 Alex Alex NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 22 Kozinski Kozinski NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 23 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 24 Eugene Eugene NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 25 Volokh Volokh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 28 Lawsuit Lawsuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 30 Shmawsuit Shmawsuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 32 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 33 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 34 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 585 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 586 1 Law.ucla.edu Law.ucla.edu NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 586 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 587 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 587 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 587 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 587 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 587 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 587 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 2 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 4 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 7 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 8 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 9 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 15 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 16 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 18 MLA MLA NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 19 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 20 Map Map NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 21 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 22 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 24 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 26 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 27 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 28 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 588 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 589 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 589 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 589 3 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 589 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 589 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 589 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 590 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 590 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 590 3 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 590 4 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 590 5 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 590 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 590 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 591 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 591 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 591 3 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 591 4 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 591 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 592 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 592 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 592 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 592 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 592 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 592 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 3 Camille Camille NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 4 Ryan Ryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 7 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 13 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 15 Issued Issued NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 16 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 17 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 20 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 593 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 9 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 10 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 12 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 594 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 595 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 595 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 595 3 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 595 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 595 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 595 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 596 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 596 2 Basu basu UH en-wikipedia-org-7013 596 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 596 4 Tanya Tanya NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 596 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 596 6 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 596 7 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 596 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 596 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 596 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 596 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 597 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 597 2 Oy Oy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 597 3 Vey Vey NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 597 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 597 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 597 6 Has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 597 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 597 8 Problem Problem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 597 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 597 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 598 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 598 2 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 598 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 599 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 599 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 599 3 Data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 599 4 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 599 5 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 599 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 599 7 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 599 8 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 599 9 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 599 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 599 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 599 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 600 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 600 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 600 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 600 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 600 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 600 6 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 600 7 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 600 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 600 9 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 600 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 601 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 601 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 601 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 601 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 601 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 601 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 602 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 602 2 Shamash Shamash NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 602 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 602 4 Jack Jack NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 602 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 602 6 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 602 7 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 602 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 602 9 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 602 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 602 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 603 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 603 2 Yiddish yiddish VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 603 3 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 603 4 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 603 5 speaks speak VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 603 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 603 7 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 603 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 603 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 2 CHRISTOPHER CHRISTOPHER NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 3 DEWOLF dewolf NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 7 peek peek NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 8 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 10 Montreal Montreal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 13 Spacing Spacing NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 14 Montreal Montreal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 16 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 17 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 19 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 604 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 5 Carol Carol NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 6 Roach Roach NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 10 Theater Theater NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 12 Montreal Montreal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 15 Examiner Examiner NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 17 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 18 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 20 2012.www.examiner.com/article/jewish-theater-montreal 2012.www.examiner.com/article/jewish-theater-montreal CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 24 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 26 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 27 theater theater NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 29 Montreal Montreal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 33 Examiner Examiner NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 36 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 37 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 39 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 40 www.examiner.com/article/the-emergence-of-yiddish-theater-montreal www.examiner.com/article/the-emergence-of-yiddish-theater-montreal NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 41 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 42 MLA MLA NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 43 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 44 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 45 Results Results NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 46 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 47 Kiryas Kiryas NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 48 Joel Joel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 50 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 51 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 52 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 53 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 54 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 56 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 58 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 60 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 61 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 63 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 64 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 65 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 605 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 606 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 606 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 606 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 606 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 606 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 606 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 4 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 6 comeback comeback NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 9 theater theater NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 10 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 11 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 12 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 13 j. j. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 15 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 16 news news NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 17 weekly weekly NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 19 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 20 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 607 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 608 1 Jewishsf.com Jewishsf.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 608 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 609 1 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 609 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 609 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 609 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 609 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 610 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 610 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 610 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 610 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 610 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 610 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 611 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 611 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 611 3 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 611 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 611 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 611 6 alive alive JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 611 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 611 8 kicking kicking JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 611 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 611 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 612 1 CNN.com cnn.com FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 612 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 613 1 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 613 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 613 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 613 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 613 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 614 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 614 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 614 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 614 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 614 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 614 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 615 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 615 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 615 3 Galicia Galicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 615 4 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 615 5 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 615 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 615 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 616 1 Galicia Galicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 616 2 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 616 3 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 616 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 617 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 617 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 617 3 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 617 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 617 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 617 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 618 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 618 2 Neosymmetria Neosymmetria NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 618 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 618 4 www.neosymmetria.com www.neosymmetria.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 618 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 618 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 618 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 618 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 618 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 618 10 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 618 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 618 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 619 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 619 2 Vilnius Vilnius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 619 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 619 4 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 619 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 619 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 620 1 Judaicvilnius.com Judaicvilnius.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 620 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 621 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 621 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 621 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 621 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 621 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 621 6 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 621 7 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 621 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 621 9 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 621 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 622 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 622 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 622 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 622 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 622 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 622 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 623 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 623 2 Rourke Rourke NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 623 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 623 4 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 623 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 623 6 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 623 7 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 623 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 623 9 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 623 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 623 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 624 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 624 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 624 3 Lasting lasting JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 624 4 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 624 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 624 6 Los Los NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 624 7 Angeles Angeles NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 624 8 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 624 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 624 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 625 1 Articles.latimes.com articles.latimes.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-7013 625 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 626 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 626 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 626 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 626 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 626 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 626 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 3 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 4 Academia Academia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 7 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 8 Seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 10 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 11 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 12 Heard hear VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 627 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 628 1 Forward.com Forward.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 628 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 629 1 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 629 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 629 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 629 4 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 629 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 630 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 630 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 630 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 630 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 630 5 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 630 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 631 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 631 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 631 3 Naftali Naftali NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 631 4 Ejdelman Ejdelman NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 631 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 631 6 Yisroel Yisroel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 631 7 Bass Bass NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 631 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 631 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 631 10 Farmers Farmers NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 631 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 631 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 632 1 Yiddishbookcenter.org Yiddishbookcenter.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 632 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 633 1 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 633 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 633 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 633 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 633 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 634 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 634 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 634 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 634 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 634 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 634 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 635 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 635 2 Lowensohn Lowensohn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 635 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 635 4 Josh Josh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 635 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 635 6 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 635 7 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 635 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 635 9 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 635 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 635 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 636 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 636 2 Oy Oy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 636 3 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-7013 637 1 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 637 2 Translate Translate NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 637 3 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 637 4 speaks speak VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 637 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 637 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 637 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 638 1 News.cnet.com News.cnet.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 638 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 639 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 639 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 639 3 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 639 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 639 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 639 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 640 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 640 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 640 3 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 640 4 Translate Translate NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 640 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 640 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 640 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 640 8 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 640 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 640 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 641 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 641 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 641 3 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 641 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 641 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 641 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 642 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 642 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 642 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 642 4 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 642 5 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 642 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 642 7 Spielberg Spielberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 642 8 Digital Digital NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 642 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 642 10 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 642 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 642 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 643 1 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 643 2 Archives archive NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 643 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 644 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 644 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 644 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 644 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 644 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 644 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 645 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 645 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 645 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 645 4 Forverts Forverts NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 645 5 Seeks seek VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 645 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 645 7 Audience audience NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 645 8 Online online NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 645 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 645 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 646 1 Forward forward RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 646 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 647 1 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 647 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 647 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 647 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 647 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 648 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 648 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 648 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 648 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 648 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 648 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 649 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 649 2 Finkel Finkel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 649 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 649 4 Raphael Raphael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 649 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 650 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 650 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 650 3 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 650 4 Lookup Lookup NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 650 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 650 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 651 1 cs.uky.edu cs.uky.edu NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 651 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 652 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 652 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 652 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 652 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 652 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 652 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 653 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 653 2 Finkel Finkel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 653 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 653 4 Raphael Raphael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 653 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 654 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 654 2 spellcheck spellcheck NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 654 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 654 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 655 1 cs.uky.edu cs.uky.edu NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 655 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 656 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 656 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 656 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 656 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 656 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 656 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 657 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 657 2 Wexler Wexler NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 657 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 657 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 657 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 657 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 657 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 657 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 3 tiered tiere VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 4 Relexification Relexification NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 6 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 8 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 10 Sorbs Sorbs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 12 Khazars Khazars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 16 Kiev Kiev NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 18 Polessian Polessian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 19 Dialect Dialect NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 658 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 659 1 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 659 2 Gruyter Gruyter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 659 3 Mouton Mouton NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 659 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 660 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 660 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 660 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 660 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 660 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 660 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 660 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 660 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 660 9 089873 089873 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 660 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 660 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 660 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 2 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 3 Spolsky Spolsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 6 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 12 Sociolinguistic sociolinguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 13 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 15 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 17 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 19 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 20 pp.157,180ff pp.157,180ff VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 661 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 662 1 p.183 p.183 UH en-wikipedia-org-7013 662 2 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-7013 662 3 OHCHR OHCHR NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 662 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 663 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 663 2 OHCHR OHCHR NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 663 3 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 663 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 663 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 664 1 www.ohchr.org www.ohchr.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 664 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 665 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 665 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 665 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 665 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 665 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 665 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 666 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 666 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 666 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 666 4 OHCHR OHCHR NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 666 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 667 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 667 2 OHCHR OHCHR NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 667 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 667 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 667 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 668 1 www.ohchr.org www.ohchr.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 668 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 669 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 669 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 669 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 669 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 669 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 669 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 670 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 670 2 OHCHR OHCHR NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 670 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 671 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 671 2 OHCHR OHCHR VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 671 3 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 671 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 671 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 672 1 www.ohchr.org www.ohchr.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 672 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 673 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 673 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 673 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 673 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 673 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 673 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 674 1 Bibliography[edit bibliography[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7013 674 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 674 3 Baumgarten Baumgarten NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 674 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 674 5 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 674 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 674 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 674 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 674 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 675 1 Frakes Frakes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 675 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 675 3 Jerold Jerold NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 675 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 676 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 676 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 676 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 676 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 676 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 677 1 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 677 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 677 3 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 677 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 677 5 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 677 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 678 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 678 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 678 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 678 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 678 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 678 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 679 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 679 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 679 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 679 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 679 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 679 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 679 7 927633 927633 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 679 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 679 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 679 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 680 1 Birnbaum birnbaum NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 680 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 680 3 Solomon Solomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 680 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 680 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 680 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 680 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 680 8 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 680 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 680 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 3 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 4 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 7 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 9 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 11 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 681 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 682 1 Toronto Toronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 682 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 683 1 Dunphy Dunphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 683 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 683 3 Graeme Graeme NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 683 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 683 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 683 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 683 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 684 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 684 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 684 3 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 684 4 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 684 5 Vernacular Vernacular NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 684 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 684 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 685 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 685 2 Reinhart Reinhart NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 685 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 685 4 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 685 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 685 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 685 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 685 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 685 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 1 Camden Camden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 2 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 5 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 6 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 8 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 11 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 12 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 13 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 14 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 15 1350–1700 1350–1700 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 686 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 687 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 687 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 688 1 74–79 74–79 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 688 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 689 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 689 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 689 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 689 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 689 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 689 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 689 7 57113 57113 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 689 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 689 9 247 247 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 689 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 689 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 689 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 690 1 Fishman fishman NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 690 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 690 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 690 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 690 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 690 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 690 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 690 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 691 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 691 2 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 691 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 691 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 691 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 691 6 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 691 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 692 1 Pittsburgh Pittsburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 692 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 692 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 692 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 692 5 Pittsburgh Pittsburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 692 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 692 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 693 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 693 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 693 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 693 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 693 5 8229 8229 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 693 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 693 7 4272 4272 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 693 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 693 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 693 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 694 1 Fishman fishman NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 694 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 694 3 Joshua Joshua NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 694 4 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 694 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 694 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 694 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 695 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 695 2 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 695 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 695 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 1 Never never RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 2 Say say VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 3 Die die NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 6 Thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 7 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 11 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 12 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 14 Letters Letters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 19 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 696 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 697 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 697 2 Hague Hague NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 697 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 697 4 Mouton Mouton NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 697 5 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 697 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 698 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 698 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 698 3 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 698 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 698 5 279 279 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 698 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 698 7 7978 7978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 698 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 698 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 698 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 699 1 Frakes Frakes NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 699 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 699 3 Jerold Jerold NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 699 4 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 699 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 699 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 699 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 699 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 700 1 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 700 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 700 3 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 700 4 1100–1750 1100–1750 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 700 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 701 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 701 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 701 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 701 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 701 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 701 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 702 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 702 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 702 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 702 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 702 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 702 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 702 7 926614-X. 926614-x. NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 703 1 Herzog Herzog NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 703 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 703 3 Marvin Marvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 703 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 703 5 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 703 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 703 7 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 703 8 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 703 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 703 10 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 703 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 704 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 704 2 1992–2000 1992–2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 704 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 704 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 705 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 705 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 705 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 705 4 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 705 5 Atlas Atlas NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 705 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 705 7 Ashkenazic Ashkenazic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 705 8 Jewry Jewry NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 705 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 706 1 Tübingen tübingen NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 706 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 706 3 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 706 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 706 5 Niemeyer Niemeyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 706 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 706 7 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 706 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 706 9 collaboration collaboration NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 706 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 706 11 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 706 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 707 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 707 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 707 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 707 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 707 5 484 484 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 707 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 707 7 73013 73013 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 707 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 707 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 707 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 708 1 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 708 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 708 3 Hirshe Hirshe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 708 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 708 5 Dovid Dovid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 708 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 708 7 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 708 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 708 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 1 Code Code NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 4 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 5 ratified ratify VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 7 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 10 programmes programme NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 12 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 15 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 17 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 18 Ilan Ilan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 19 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 21 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 22 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 24 Tel Tel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 25 Aviv Aviv NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 26 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 28 Vilnius Vilnius NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 29 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 709 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 3 Oksforder Oksforder NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 7 cooperation cooperation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 10 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 11 Centre Centre NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 13 Postgraduate Postgraduate NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 14 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 15 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 710 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 711 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 711 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 711 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 711 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 711 5 897744 897744 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 711 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 711 7 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 711 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 711 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 711 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 712 1 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 712 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 712 3 Dovid Dovid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 712 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 712 5 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 712 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 712 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 713 1 Grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 713 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 713 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 713 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 713 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 713 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 714 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 714 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 714 3 Duckworth Duckworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 714 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 715 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 715 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 715 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 715 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 715 5 7156 7156 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 715 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 715 7 2162 2162 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 715 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 715 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 715 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 716 1 Katz Katz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 716 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 716 3 Dovid Dovid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 716 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 716 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 716 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 716 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 1 Words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 3 Fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 6 Unfinished Unfinished NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 7 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 9 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 11 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 13 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 717 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 718 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 718 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 718 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 718 4 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 718 5 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 718 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 719 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 719 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 719 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 719 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 719 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 719 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 719 7 465 465 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 719 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 719 9 03730 03730 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 719 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 719 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 719 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 720 1 Kriwaczek Kriwaczek NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 720 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 720 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 720 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 720 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 720 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 720 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 721 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 721 2 Civilization Civilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 721 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 721 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 721 5 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 721 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 721 7 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 721 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 721 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 721 10 Forgotten Forgotten NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 721 11 Nation Nation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 721 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 722 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 722 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 722 3 Weidenfeld Weidenfeld NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 722 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 722 5 Nicolson Nicolson NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 722 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 723 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 723 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 723 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 723 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 723 5 297 297 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 723 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 723 7 82941 82941 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 723 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 723 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 723 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 724 1 Lansky Lansky NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 724 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 724 3 Aaron Aaron NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 724 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 724 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 724 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 724 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 1 Outwitting outwit VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 4 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 6 Young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 7 Man man NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 8 Rescued rescue VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 10 Million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 11 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 13 Saved Saved NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 15 Vanishing vanish VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 16 Civilisation civilisation NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 725 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 726 1 Chapel Chapel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 726 2 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 726 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 726 4 Algonquin Algonquin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 726 5 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 726 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 727 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 727 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 727 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 727 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 727 5 56512 56512 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 727 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 727 7 429 429 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 727 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 727 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 727 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 728 1 Liptzin Liptzin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 728 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 728 3 Sol Sol NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 728 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 728 5 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 728 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 728 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 729 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 729 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 729 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 729 4 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 729 5 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 729 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 730 1 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 730 2 Village Village NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 730 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 730 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 730 5 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 730 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 730 7 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 730 8 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 730 9 Publishers Publishers NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 730 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 731 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 731 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 731 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 731 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 731 5 8246 8246 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 731 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 731 7 0124 0124 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 731 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 731 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 731 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 732 1 Margolis Margolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 732 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 732 3 Rebecca Rebecca NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 732 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 732 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 732 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 732 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 733 1 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 733 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 733 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 733 4 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 733 5 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 733 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 733 7 Workbook Workbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 733 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 734 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 734 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 735 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 735 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 735 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 735 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 735 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 735 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 735 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 735 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 735 9 55522 55522 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 735 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 735 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 735 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 736 1 Rosten rosten VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 736 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 736 3 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 736 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 736 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 736 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 736 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 737 1 Joys Joys NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 737 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 737 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 737 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 738 1 Pocket pocket NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 738 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 739 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 739 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 739 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 739 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 739 5 7434 7434 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 739 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 739 7 0651 0651 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 739 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 739 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 739 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 740 1 Shandler Shandler NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 740 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 740 3 Jeffrey Jeffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 740 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 740 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 740 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 740 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 741 1 Adventures adventure NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 741 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 741 3 Yiddishland Yiddishland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 741 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 741 5 Postvernacular Postvernacular NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 741 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 741 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 741 8 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 741 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 742 1 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 742 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 742 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 742 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 742 5 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 742 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 742 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 743 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 743 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 743 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 743 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 743 5 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 743 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 743 7 24416 24416 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 743 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 743 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 743 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 744 1 Shmeruk Shmeruk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 744 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 744 3 Chone Chone NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 744 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 744 5 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 744 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 744 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 1 Prokim Prokim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 2 fun fun NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 3 der der XX en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 4 Yidisher Yidisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 5 Literatur Literatur NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 7 Geshikhte Geshikhte NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 9 Chapters Chapters NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 11 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 12 Literary Literary NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 13 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 745 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 746 1 Tel Tel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 746 2 Aviv Aviv NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 746 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 746 4 Peretz Peretz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 746 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 747 1 Shternshis Shternshis NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 747 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 747 3 Anna Anna NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 747 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 747 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 747 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 747 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 1 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 3 Kosher Kosher NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 5 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 6 Popular Popular NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 7 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 10 Soviet Soviet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 11 Union Union NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 13 1923–1939 1923–1939 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 748 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 749 1 Bloomington Bloomington NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 749 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 749 3 IN in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 749 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 749 5 Indiana Indiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 749 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 749 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 749 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 750 1 Stutchkoff Stutchkoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 750 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 750 3 Nahum Nahum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 750 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 750 5 1950 1950 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 750 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 750 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 1 Oytser oytser NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 2 fun fun NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 3 der der XX en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 4 Yidisher Yidisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 5 Shprakh Shprakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 6 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 7 Thesaurus Thesaurus NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 15 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 751 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 752 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 752 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 752 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 753 1 Weinreich Weinreich NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 753 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 753 3 Uriel Uriel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 753 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 753 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 753 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 753 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 1 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 2 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 5 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 8 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 13 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 15 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 18 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 23 6th 6th NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 24 rev rev NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 754 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 755 1 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 755 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 755 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 755 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 756 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 756 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 756 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 756 4 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 756 5 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 756 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 756 7 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 756 8 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 756 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 757 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 757 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 757 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 757 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 757 5 914512 914512 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 757 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 757 7 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 757 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 757 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 757 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 758 1 Weinstein Weinstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 758 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 758 3 Miriam Miriam NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 758 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 758 5 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 758 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 758 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 759 1 Yiddish yiddish NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 759 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 759 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 759 4 Nation Nation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 759 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 759 6 Words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 759 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 760 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 760 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 760 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 760 4 Ballantine Ballantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 760 5 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 760 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 761 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 761 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 761 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 761 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 761 5 345 345 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 761 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 761 7 44730 44730 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 761 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 761 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 761 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 762 1 Wex wex VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 762 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 762 3 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 762 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 762 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 762 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 762 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 1 Born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 3 Kvetch Kvetch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 8 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 10 All all PDT en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 11 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 12 Moods mood NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 763 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 764 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 764 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 764 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 764 4 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 764 5 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 764 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 764 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 764 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 765 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 765 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 765 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 765 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 765 5 312 312 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 765 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 765 7 30741 30741 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 765 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 765 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 765 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 766 1 Witriol Witriol NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 766 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 766 3 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 766 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 766 5 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 766 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 766 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 767 1 Mumme mumme JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 767 2 Loohshen Loohshen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 767 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 767 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 767 5 Anatomy Anatomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 767 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 767 7 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 767 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 768 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 768 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 769 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 769 2 reading[edit reading[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-7013 769 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 769 4 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 769 5 Bleter Bleter NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 769 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 769 7 pub pub NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 769 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 1 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 2 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 4 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 5 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 7 NYC NYC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 9 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 10 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 12 1931 1931 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 14 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 15 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 16 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 17 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 770 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 771 1 Afn Afn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 771 2 Shvel Shvel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 771 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 771 4 pub pub NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 771 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 1 League League NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 3 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 5 NYC NYC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 7 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 8 1940 1940 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 10 אויפן אויפן NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 11 שוועל שוועל NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 13 sample sample NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 14 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 15 אונדזער אונדזער NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 16 פרץ פרץ VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 17 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 18 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 19 Peretz Peretz NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 20 Lebns Lebns NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 22 fragn fragn NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 26 monthly monthly JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 28 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 29 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 31 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 32 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 35 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 37 Tel Tel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 38 Aviv Aviv NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 40 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 41 1951 1951 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 42 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 43 לעבנס לעבנס NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 45 פראגן פראגן NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 47 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 48 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 49 Yerusholaymer Yerusholaymer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 50 Almanakh Almanakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 52 periodical periodical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 53 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 55 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 56 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 58 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 60 Jerusalem Jerusalem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 62 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 63 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 64 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 65 ירושלימער ירושלימער NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 66 אלמאנאך אלמאנאך NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 68 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 69 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 71 contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 72 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 73 downloads download NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 74 Der Der NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 75 Yiddisher Yiddisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 76 Tam Tam NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 77 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 78 Tam Tam NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 80 pub pub NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 772 81 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 1 Maison Maison NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 3 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 4 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 5 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 7 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 9 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 10 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 13 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 15 electronic electronic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 16 format format NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 773 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 774 1 Yidishe Yidishe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 774 2 Heftn Heftn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 774 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 774 4 pub pub NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 774 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 1 Le Le NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 2 Cercle Cercle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 3 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 4 Lazare Lazare NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 6 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 8 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 9 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 11 יידישע יידישע NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 12 העפטן העפטן NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 13 sample sample NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 14 cover cover NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 16 subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 17 info info NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 775 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 1 Gilgulim Gilgulim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 3 naye naye NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 4 shafungen shafungen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 6 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 7 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 8 magazine magazine NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 10 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 12 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 13 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 15 גילגולים גילגולים NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 17 נייע נייע JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 18 שאפונגען שאפונגען NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 19 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 20 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 22 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 23 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 25 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 28 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 29 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 30 Wikibooks Wikibooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 31 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 33 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 36 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 38 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 39 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 40 Wikibooks Wikibooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 41 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 43 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 44 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 46 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 48 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 49 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 50 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 51 Yeshivah Yeshivah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 52 Bachurim Bachurim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 53 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 55 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 57 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 58 relating relate VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 59 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 60 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 62 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 64 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 65 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 67 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 68 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 69 Wiktionary Wiktionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 72 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 73 dictionary dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 776 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 777 1 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 777 2 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 777 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 777 4 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 777 5 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 777 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 777 7 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 777 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 777 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 778 1 Wikivoyage wikivoyage NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 778 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 778 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 778 4 travel travel NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 778 5 guide guide NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 778 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 778 7 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 778 8 phrasebook phrasebook NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 778 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 1 Wikisource Wikisource NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 4 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 7 1920 1920 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 8 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 9 Americana Americana NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 11 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 12 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 779 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 1 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 2 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 3 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 4 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 5 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 7 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 8 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 10 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 11 Dictionaries Dictionaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 13 Israeli Israeli NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 14 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 15 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 17 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 18 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 19 Comparison Comparison NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 21 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 23 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 24 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 25 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 27 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 28 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 780 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 781 1 EVOLAEMP EVOLAEMP NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 781 2 Project Project NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 781 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 781 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 781 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 781 6 Tübingen Tübingen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 781 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 2 Geveb Geveb NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 5 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 7 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 8 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 9 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 10 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 11 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 12 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 14 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 15 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 17 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 18 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 20 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 21 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 23 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 24 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 25 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 26 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 27 Israelites Israelites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 28 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 30 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 31 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 32 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 34 Judah Judah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 35 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 36 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 37 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 38 Rabbinic Rabbinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 39 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 40 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 41 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 42 Haskalah Haskalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 43 Zionism Zionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 44 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 45 Assimilation Assimilation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 46 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 47 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 48 Italkim Italkim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 49 Mizrahi Mizrahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 50 Romaniote Romaniote NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 51 Sephardi Sephardi NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 52 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 53 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 54 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 56 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 57 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 58 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 59 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 60 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 61 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 62 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 63 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 64 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 65 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 66 Judeo judeo NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 67 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 68 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 69 Judeo judeo NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 70 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 71 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 72 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 73 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 74 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 75 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 76 Lists Lists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 77 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 78 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 79 Persecution Persecution NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 80 Antisemitism Antisemitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 81 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 82 Beliefs Beliefs NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 83 Mitzvah Mitzvah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 84 Chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 85 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 86 Conversion Conversion NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 87 Eschatology Eschatology NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 88 Messiah Messiah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 89 Ethics Ethics NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 90 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 91 Halakha Halakha NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 92 Kabbalah Kabbalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 93 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 94 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 95 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 96 Who who WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 97 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 98 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 99 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 782 100 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 1 Divisions division NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 2 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 3 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 4 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 5 Haredi Haredi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 6 Hasidic Hasidic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 7 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 8 Conservative Conservative NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 9 Reform Reform NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 10 Reconstructionist Reconstructionist NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 11 Humanistic Humanistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 12 Karaite Karaite NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 13 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 14 Samaritanism Samaritanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 15 Secularism Secularism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 16 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 17 Tanakh Tanakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 18 Torah Torah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 19 Nevi'im Nevi'im NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 20 Ketuvim Ketuvim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 21 Rabbinic Rabbinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 22 Mishnah Mishnah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 23 Talmud Talmud NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 24 Tosefta Tosefta VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 25 Midrash Midrash NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 26 Kabbalah Kabbalah NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 27 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 28 Zohar Zohar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 29 Shulchan Shulchan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 30 Aruch Aruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 31 Siddur Siddur NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 32 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 33 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 34 Culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 35 Calendar Calendar NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 36 Holidays Holidays NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 37 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 38 Kashrut Kashrut NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 39 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 40 Leadership Leadership NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 41 Rabbi Rabbi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 42 Marriage Marriage NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 43 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 44 Names Names NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 45 Politics Politics NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 46 Prayer Prayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 47 Synagogue Synagogue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 48 Hazzan Hazzan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 49 Symbolism Symbolism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 50 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 51 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 52 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 53 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 54 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 55 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 56 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 57 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 58 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 59 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 60 Sephardi Sephardi NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 61 Federation Federation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 62 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 63 Baeck Baeck NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 64 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 65 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 66 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 67 Yeshiva Yeshiva NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 68 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 69 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 70 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 71 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 72 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 73 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 74 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 75 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 77 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 78 Jewish Jewish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 79 Documentation Documentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 80 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 81 Judaica Judaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 82 Genetics Genetics NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 83 Jew Jew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 84 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 85 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 86 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 87 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 88 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 89 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 90 Virtual Virtual NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 91 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 92 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 93 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 94 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 95 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 96 YIVO YIVO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 97 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 98 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 99 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 100 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 101 Memorial Memorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 102 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 103 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 104 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 105 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 106 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 107 Holocaust Holocaust NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 108 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 109 Relations Relations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 110 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 111 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 112 Abrahamic Abrahamic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 113 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 114 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 115 Anabaptism Anabaptism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 116 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 117 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 118 Mormonism Mormonism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 119 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 120   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 121 Category category NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 122 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 123 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 124 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 125 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 126   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 127 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 128 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 129 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 130 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 131 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 132 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 133 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 134 Afro Afro NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 135 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 136 Asiatic Asiatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 137 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 138 Eras Eras NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 139 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 140 Mishnaic Mishnaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 141 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 142 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 143 Dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 144 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 145 Sephardi Sephardi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 146 Mizrahi Mizrahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 147 Yemenite Yemenite NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 148 Tiberian Tiberian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 149 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 150 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 151 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 152 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 153 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 154 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 155 Biblical Biblical NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 156 Targum Targum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 157 Talmudic talmudic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 158 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 159 Palestinian Palestinian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 160 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 161   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 162 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 163 Galilean Galilean NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 164 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 165 Barzani Barzani NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 166 Hulaulá Hulaulá NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 167 Lishana Lishana NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 168 Deni Deni NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 169 Lishán Lishán NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 170 Didán Didán NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 171 Lishanid Lishanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 172 Noshan Noshan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 173 Betanure Betanure NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 174 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 175 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 176 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 177 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 178 Samaritan Samaritan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 179 Aramaic Aramaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 180 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 181 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 182 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 183 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 184 Judaeo judaeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 185 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 186 Iraqi iraqi JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 187 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 188 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 189 Moroccan Moroccan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 190 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 191 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 192 Tripolitanian Tripolitanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 193 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 194 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 195 Tunisian Tunisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 196 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 197 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 198 Yemeni Yemeni NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 199 Others Others NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 200 Kayla Kayla NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 201   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 202 / / NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 203 Qwara Qwara NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 204   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 205 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 206 Cushitic Cushitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 207 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 208 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 209 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 210 Berber Berber NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 211   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 212 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 213 Berber Berber NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 214 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 215 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 216 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 217 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 218 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 219 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 220 Dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 221   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 222 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 223 Argots argot NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 224 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 225 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 226 Galitzish galitzish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 227 Litvish litvish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 228 Poylish poylish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 229 Ukrainish Ukrainish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 230 Klezmer Klezmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 231 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 232 loshn loshn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 233 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 234 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 235 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 236 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 237 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 238 Alsatian Alsatian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 239 Lachoudisch Lachoudisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 240 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 241 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 242 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 243 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 244 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 245 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 246 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 247 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 248 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 249 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 250 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 251 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 252 Yeshivish Yeshivish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 253 Yinglish Yinglish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 254 Heblish Heblish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 255 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 256 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 257 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 258 Romance Romance NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 259 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 260 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 261 Catalan Catalan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 262 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 263 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 264 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 265 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 266 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 267 Piedmontese Piedmontese NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 268 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 269 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 270 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 271 Haketia Haketia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 272 Tetuani Tetuani NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 273 Judeo Judeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 274 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 275 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 276 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 277 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 278 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 279 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 280 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 281 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 282 Judaeo judaeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 283 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 284 Portuguese portuguese JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 285 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 286 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 287 Aragonese Aragonese NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 288 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 289 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 290 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 291 Judaeo judaeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 292 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 293 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 294 Bukhori bukhori NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 295 Juhuri Juhuri NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 296 Dzhidi Dzhidi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 297 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 298 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 299 Hamedani Hamedani NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 300 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 301 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 302 Shirazi Shirazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 303 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 304 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 305 Esfahani Esfahani NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 306 Judaeo judaeo JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 307 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 308 Kurdish Kurdish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 309 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 310 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 311 Yazdi Yazdi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 312 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 313 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 314 Kermani Kermani NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 315 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 316 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 317 Kashani Kashani NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 318 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 319 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 320 Borujerdi Borujerdi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 321 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 322 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 323 Khunsari Khunsari NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 324 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 325 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 326 Golpaygani Golpaygani NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 327 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 328 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 329 Nehevandi Nehevandi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 330 Others Others NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 331 Yevanic Yevanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 332   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 333 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 334 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 335 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 336 Knaanic Knaanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 337   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 338 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 339 Slavic Slavic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 340 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 341 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 342 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 343 Marathi marathi NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 344   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 345 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 346 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 347 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 348 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 349 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 350 Other Other NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 351 Krymchak Krymchak NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 352   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 353 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 354 Karaim Karaim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 355   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 356 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 357 Turkic Turkic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 358 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 359 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 360 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 361 Malayalam Malayalam NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 362   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 363 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 364 Dravidian Dravidian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 365 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 366 Judaeo Judaeo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 367 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 368 Georgian Georgian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 369   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 370 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 371 Kartvelian Kartvelian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 372 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 373 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 374 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 375 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 376 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 377 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 378 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 379 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 380 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 381 philology philology NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 382 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 383 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 384 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 385 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 386 Frisian frisian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 387 Anglic Anglic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 388 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 389 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 390 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 391 Yola Yola NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 392 Fingallian Fingallian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 393 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 394 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 395 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 396 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 397 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 398 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 399 Scots scot NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 400 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 401 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 402 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 403 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 404 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 405 Ems Ems NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 406 Saterland Saterland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 407 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 408 Weser Weser NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 409 Wangerooge Wangerooge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 410 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 411 Wursten Wursten NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 412 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 413 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 414 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 415 Insular Insular NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 416 Eiderstedt Eiderstedt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 417 Föhr Föhr NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 418 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 419 Amrum Amrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 420 Föhr Föhr NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 421 Amrum Amrum NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 422 Heligolandic Heligolandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 423 Sylt Sylt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 424 Mainland Mainland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 425 Bökingharde Bökingharde NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 426 Mooring Mooring NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 427 Halligen Halligen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 428 Goesharde Goesharde NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 429 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 430 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 431 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 432 Karrharde Karrharde NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 433 Strand Strand NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 434 Wiedingharde Wiedingharde NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 435 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 436 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 437 Hindeloopen Hindeloopen NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 438 Schiermonnikoog Schiermonnikoog NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 439 Westlauwers Westlauwers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 440 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 441 Terschellings Terschellings NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 442 Mainland Mainland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 443 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 444 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 445 Clay Clay NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 446 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 447 Wood Wood NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 448 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 449 Westereendersk Westereendersk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 450 Terschelling Terschelling NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 451 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 452 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 453 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 454 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 455 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 456 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 457 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 458 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 459 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 460 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 461 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 462 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 463 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 464 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 465 Low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 466 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 467 Dutch dutch JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 468 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 469 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 470 Stellingwarfs Stellingwarfs NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 471 Tweants Tweants NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 472 Gronings Gronings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 473 Drèents Drèents NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 474 Gelders Gelders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 475 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 476 Overijssels Overijssels NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 477 Achterhooks Achterhooks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 478 Sallaans Sallaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 479 Urkers Urkers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 480 Veluws Veluws NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 481 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 482 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 483 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 484 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 485 Frisian Frisian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 486 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 487 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 488 Schleswigsch Schleswigsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 489 Holsteinisch Holsteinisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 490 Hamburgisch Hamburgisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 491 Ollnborger Ollnborger NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 492 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 493 Hanoveranian Hanoveranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 494 Dithmarsch Dithmarsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 495 Emsländisch Emsländisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 496 Westphalian Westphalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 497 Eastphalian Eastphalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 498 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 499 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 500 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 501 Mecklenburg Mecklenburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 502 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 503 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 504 Pomeranian pomeranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 505 Mecklenburgish mecklenburgish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 506 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 507 Pomeranian Pomeranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 508 Brandenburgisch Brandenburgisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 509 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 510 Pomeranian Pomeranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 511 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 512 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 513 Prussian Prussian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 514 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 515 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 516 Pomeranian Pomeranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 517 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 518 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 519 Pomeranian Pomeranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 520 Bublitzisch Bublitzisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 521 Pommerellisch Pommerellisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 522 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 523 Pomeranian Pomeranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 524 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 525 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 526 Pomeranian Pomeranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 527 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 528 Prussian Prussian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 529 Mennonite Mennonite NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 530 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 531 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 532 Low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 533 Franconian franconian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 534 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 535 variants variant NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 536 Dutch dutch VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 537 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 538 Frankish frankish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 539 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 540 Dutch dutch JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 541 Middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 542 Dutch Dutch NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 543 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 544 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 545 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 546 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 547 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 548 Hollandic Hollandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 549 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 550 Flemish flemish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 551 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 552 Flemish Flemish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 553 Zeelandic Zeelandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 554 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 555 Flemish flemish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 556 Brabantian brabantian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 557 Surinamese surinamese JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 558 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 559 Jersey Jersey NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 560 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 561 Mohawk Mohawk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 562 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 563 Stadsfries Stadsfries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 564 Bildts Bildts NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 565 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 566 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 567 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 568 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 569 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 570 Meuse Meuse NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 571 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 572 Rhenish rhenish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 573 Limburgish limburgish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 574 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 575 Limburgish limburgish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 576 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 577 Guelderish Guelderish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 578 Transitional Transitional NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 579 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 580 Dietsch Dietsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 581 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 582 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 583 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 584 variants variant NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 585 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 586 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 587 Namibian namibian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 588 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 589 Namibian namibian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 590 Black black JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 591 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 592 Brazilian brazilian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 593 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 594 Unserdeutsch Unserdeutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 595 Barossa Barossa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 596 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 597 Belgranodeutsch Belgranodeutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 598 Parana Parana NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 599 Volga Volga NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 600 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 601 Kiautschou Kiautschou NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 602 Pidgin Pidgin NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 603 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 604 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 605 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 606 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 607 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 608 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 609 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 610 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 611 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 612 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 613 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 614 Yiddish yiddish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 615 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 616 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 617 Litvish litvish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 618 Poylish poylish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 619 Ukrainish ukrainish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 620 Galitzish Galitzish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 621 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 622 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 623 Alsatian Alsatian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 624 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 625 Klezmer Klezmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 626 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 627 loshn loshn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 628 Ganovim Ganovim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 629 Balagole Balagole NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 630 Katsoves Katsoves NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 631 Lachoudisch Lachoudisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 632 Yenish Yenish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 633 Rotwelsch Rotwelsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 634 Lotegorisch Lotegorisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 635 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 636 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 637 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 638 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 639 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 640 Austrian austrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 641 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 642 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 643 Swiss swiss JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 644 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 645 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 646 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 647 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 648 West west JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 649 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 650 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 651 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 652 Franconian franconian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 653 Ripuarian ripuarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 654 Colognian colognian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 655 Moselle Moselle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 656 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 657 Luxembourgish Luxembourgish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 658 Transylvanian Transylvanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 659 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 660 Hunsrückisch Hunsrückisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 661 Hunsrik Hunsrik NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 662 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 663 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 664 Lorraine Lorraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 665 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 666 Palatine Palatine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 667 Volga Volga NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 668 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 669 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 670 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 671 Hessian Hessian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 672 Amana Amana NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 673 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 674 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 675 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 676 Thuringian thuringian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 677 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 678 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 679 Ore Ore NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 680 Mountainian Mountainian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 681 Lusatian Lusatian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 682 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 683 Neumarkish Neumarkish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 684 Berlinerisch Berlinerisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 685 Silesian silesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 686 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 687 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 688 Prussian prussian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 689 Wymysorys wymysory NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 690 Halcnovian Halcnovian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 691 Prague Prague NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 692 German German NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 693 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 694 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 695 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 696 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 697 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 698 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 699 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 700 Franconian Franconian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 701 Vogtlandian vogtlandian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 702 Upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 703 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 704 Alemannic alemannic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 705 Low Low NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 706 Alemannic Alemannic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 707 Alsatian Alsatian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 708 Coloniero Coloniero NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 709 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 710 Alemannic alemannic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 711 Swiss swiss JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 712 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 713 Highest highest JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 714 Alemannic Alemannic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 715 Walser Walser NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 716 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 717 Swabian swabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 718 Bavarian bavarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 719 Northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 720 Bavarian Bavarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 721 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 722 Bavarian bavarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 723 Viennese viennese JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 724 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 725 Southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 726 Bavarian Bavarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 727 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 728 Tyrolean Tyrolean NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 729 Cimbrian cimbrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 730 Mòcheno Mòcheno NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 731 Hutterite Hutterite NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 732 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 733 Langobardic Langobardic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 734 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 735 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 736 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 737 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 738 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 739 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 740 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 741 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 742 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 743 Proto proto RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 744 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 745 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 746 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 747 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 748 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 749 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 750 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 751 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 752 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 753 Norse Norse NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 754 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 755 Gutnish Gutnish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 756 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 757 Scandinavian scandinavian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 758 Norwegian Norwegian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 759 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 760 Spoken Spoken NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 761 Bergensk Bergensk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 762 Kebabnorsk Kebabnorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 763 Sognamål Sognamål NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 764 Trøndersk Trøndersk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 765 Valdris Valdris NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 766 Vestlandsk Vestlandsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 767 Vikværsk Vikværsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 768 Written Written NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 769 Bokmål Bokmål NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 770 Nynorsk Nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 771 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 772 Norwegian Norwegian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 773 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 774 Norwegian norwegian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 775 Insular insular JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 776 Scandinavian Scandinavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 777 Faroese Faroese NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 778 Icelandic Icelandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 779 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 780 Icelandic Icelandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 781 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 782 Icelandic Icelandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 783 Gronlandsk Gronlandsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 784 Norn Norn NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 785 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 786 Scandinavian Scandinavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 787 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 788 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 789 Åland Åland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 790 Estonian Estonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 791 Finlandic Finlandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 792 Gotlandic Gotlandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 793 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 794 Gutnish Gutnish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 795 Jämtlandic Jämtlandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 796 Kalix Kalix NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 797 Kiruna Kiruna NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 798 Luleå Luleå NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 799 Norrland Norrland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 800 Ostrobothnian Ostrobothnian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 801 Småländska Småländska NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 802 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 803 Swedish swedish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 804 Scanian Scanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 805 Stockholm Stockholm NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 806 Rinkeby Rinkeby NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 807 Uppländska Uppländska NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 808 Västgötska Västgötska NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 809 Westrobothnian Westrobothnian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 810 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 811 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 812 Danish danish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 813 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 814 Bornholmsk Bornholmsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 815 Gøtudanskt Gøtudanskt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 816 Insular Insular NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 817 Danish Danish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 818 Jutlandic Jutlandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 819 South south JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 820 Jutlandic Jutlandic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 821 Perkerdansk Perkerdansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 822 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 823 Danish Danish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 824 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 825 Danish danish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 826 Dalecarlian dalecarlian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 827 Elfdalian Elfdalian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 828 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 829 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 830 Gothic Gothic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 831 Crimean Crimean NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 832 Gothic Gothic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 833 Burgundian Burgundian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 834 Vandalic Vandalic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 835 Philology Philology NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 836 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 837 subgroups subgroup NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 838 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 839 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 840 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 841 Elbe Elbe NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 842 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 843 Irminonic Irminonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 844 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 845 Weser Weser NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 846 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 847 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 848 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 849 Istvaeonic Istvaeonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 850 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 851 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 852 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 853 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 854 Ingvaeonic Ingvaeonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 855 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 856 Northwest Northwest NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 857 Gotho Gotho NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 858 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 859 Nordic Nordic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 860 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 861 Reconstructed reconstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 862 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 863 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 864 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 865 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 866 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 867 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 868 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 869 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 870 parent parent NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 871 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 872 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 873 Belgian belgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 874 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 875 Diachronic Diachronic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 876 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 877 Grimm Grimm NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 878 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 879 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 880 Verner Verner NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 881 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 882 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 883 Holtzmann Holtzmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 884 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 885 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 886 Sievers Sievers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 887 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 888 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 889 Kluge Kluge NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 890 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 891 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 892 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 893 substrate substrate NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 894 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 895 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 896 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 897 gemination gemination NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 898 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 899 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 900 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 901 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 902 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 903 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 904 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 905 mutation mutation CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 906 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 907 umlaut umlaut NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 908 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 909 spirant spirant NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 910 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 911 Ingvaeonic ingvaeonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 912 nasal nasal NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 913 spirant spirant JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 914 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 915 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 916 Vowel Vowel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 917 Shift Shift NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 918 Synchronic Synchronic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 919 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 920 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 921 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 922 Germanic Germanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 923 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 924 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 925 Germanic germanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 926 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 927 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 928 Preterite preterite NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 929 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 930 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 931 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 932 Grammatischer Grammatischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 933 Wechsel Wechsel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 934 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 935 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 936 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 937 ablaut ablaut NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 938 Italics italic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 939 indicate indicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 940 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 941 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 942 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 943 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 944 asterisks asterisks NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 945 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 946 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 947 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 948 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 949 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 950 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 951 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 952 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 953 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 954 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 955 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 956 parentheses parenthesis NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 957 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 958 varieties variety NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 959 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 960 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 961 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 962 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 963 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 964 left left NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 783 965 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 1 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 2 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 3 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 4 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 6 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 7 Official Official NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 8 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 9 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 10 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 11 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 12 Palestinian palestinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 13 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 14 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 15 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 16 Amharic Amharic NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 18 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 19 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 20 Ladino ladino JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 21 Romanian romanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 22 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 23 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 24 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 25 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 26 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 27 Abu Abu NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 28 Kaf Kaf NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 29 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 31 Atrash Atrash NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 32 El El NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 34 Naim Naim NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 35 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 37 Sayyid sayyid NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 38 Ein Ein NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 39 Mahel Mahel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 40 Ghardaian Ghardaian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 41 Israeli Israeli NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 42 Kafr Kafr NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 43 Qasem Qasem NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 44 Russian Russian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 45 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 46 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 47 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 48 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 49 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 50 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 51 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 52 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 53 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 55 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 56 Official Official NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 57 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 58 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 59 Minority Minority NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 60 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 61 Finnish finnish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 62 Meänkieli Meänkieli NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 63 Sámi Sámi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 64 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 65 Ume Ume NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 66 Pite Pite NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 67 Lule Lule NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 68 Northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 69 Romani Romani VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 70 Finnish Finnish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 71 Kalo Kalo NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 72 Scandoromani Scandoromani NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 73 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 74 Borgarmålet Borgarmålet NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 75 Scanian Scanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 76 Jamtska Jamtska NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 77 Dalecarlian Dalecarlian NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 78 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 79 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 80 Swedish swedish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 81 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 82 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 83 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 84 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 85 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 86 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 87 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 88 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 89 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 90 Sweden Sweden NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 91 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 92 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 93 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 94 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 95 cb11936796q cb11936796q NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 96 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 97 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 98 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 99 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 100 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 101 4028614 4028614 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 102 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 103 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 104 HDS HDS NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 105 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 106 011199 011199 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 107 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 108 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 109 sh85149145 sh85149145 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 110 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 111 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 112 00564345 00564345 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 113 SUDOC sudoc NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 114 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 115 027294587 027294587 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 116 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 117 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 118 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 119 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yiddish&oldid=1003165744 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yiddish&oldid=1003165744 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 120 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 121 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 122 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 123 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 124 Ashkenazi Ashkenazi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 125 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 126 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 127 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 128 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 129 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 130 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 131 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 132 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 133 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 134 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 135 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 136 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 137 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 138 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 139 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 140 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 141 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 142 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 143 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 144 Poland Poland NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 145 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 146 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 147 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 148 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 149 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 150 Ukraine Ukraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 151 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 152 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 153 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 154 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 155 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 156 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 157 Diaspora Diaspora NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 158 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 159 Subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 160 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 161 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 162 – – : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 163 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 164 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 165 Verb Verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 166 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 167 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 168 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 169 Endangered Endangered NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 170 diaspora diaspora NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 171 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 172 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 173 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 174 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 175 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 176 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 177 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 178 Ethnologue Ethnologue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 179 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 180 Webarchive Webarchive NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 181 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 182 wayback wayback NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 183 links link VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 184 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 185 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 186 : : : en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 187 archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 188 copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 189 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 190 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 191 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 192 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 193 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 194 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 195 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 196 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 197 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 198 ru ru NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 199 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 200 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 201 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 202 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 203 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 204 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 205 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 206 ru ru NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 207 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 208 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 209 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 210 Swedish swedish JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 211 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 212 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 213 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 214 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 215 sv sv NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 216 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 217 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 218 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 219 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 220 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 221 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 222 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 223 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 224 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 225 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 226 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 227 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 228 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 229 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 230 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 231 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 232 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 233 permanently permanently RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 234 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 235 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 236 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 237 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 238 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 239 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 240 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 241 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 242 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 243 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 244 yi yi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 245 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 246 Use use VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 247 mdy mdy NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 248 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 249 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 250 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 251 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 252 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 253 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 254 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 255 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 256 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 257 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 258 matches match VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 259 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 260 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 261 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 262 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 263 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 264 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 265 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 266 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 267 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 268 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 269 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 270 Ethnologue Ethnologue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 271 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 272 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 273 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 274 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 275 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 276 ISO iso NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 277 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 278 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 279 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 280 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 281 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 282 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 283 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 284 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 285 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 286 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 287 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 288 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 289 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 290 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 291 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 292 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 293 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 294 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 295 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 296 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 297 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 298 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 299 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 300 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 301 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 302 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 303 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 304 clarification clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 305 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 306 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 307 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 308 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 309 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 310 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 311 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 312 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 313 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 314 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 315 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 316 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 317 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 318 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 319 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 320 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 321 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 322 Hebrew hebrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 323 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 324 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 325 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 326 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 327 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 328 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 329 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 330 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 331 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 332 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 333 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 334 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 335 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 336 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 337 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 338 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 339 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 340 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 341 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 342 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 343 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 344 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 345 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 346 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 347 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 348 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 349 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 350 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 351 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 352 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 353 Pages Pages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 354 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 355 div div NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 356 col col NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 357 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 358 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 359 parameter parameter NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 360 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 361 Yiddish Yiddish NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 362 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 363 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 364 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 365 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 366 yi yi NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 367 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 368 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 369 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 370 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 371 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 372 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 373 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 374 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 375 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 376 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 377 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 378 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 379 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 380 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 381 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 382 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 383 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 384 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 385 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 386 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 387 HDS HDS NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 388 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 389 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 390 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 391 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 392 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 393 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 394 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 395 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 396 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 397 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 398 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 399 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 400 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 401 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 402 SUDOC SUDOC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 403 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 404 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 405 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 406 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 407 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 408 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 409 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 410 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 411 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 412 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 413 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 414 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 415 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 416 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 417 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 418 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 419 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 420 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 421 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 422 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 423 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 424 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 425 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 426 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 427 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 428 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 429 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 430 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 431 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 432 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 433 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 434 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 435 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 436 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 437 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 438 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 439 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 440 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 441 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 442 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 443 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 444 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 445 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 446 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 447 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 448 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 449 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 450 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 451 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 452 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 453 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 454 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 455 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 456 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 457 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 458 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 459 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 460 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 461 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 462 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 463 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 464 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 465 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 466 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 467 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 468 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 469 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 470 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 471 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 472 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 473 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 474 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 475 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 476 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 477 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 478 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 479 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 480 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 481 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 482 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 483 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 484 Wikibooks wikibook VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 485 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 486 Wikivoyage Wikivoyage NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 487 Languages Languages 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Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 550 Interlingua Interlingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 551 Interlingue Interlingue NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 552 Íslenska Íslenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 553 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 554 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 555 Jawa Jawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 556 ქართული ქართული NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 557 Қазақша Қазақша NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 558 Kernowek Kernowek NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 559 Коми Коми NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 560 Kurdî Kurdî NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 561 Ladino Ladino NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 562 Latina Latina NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 563 Latviešu Latviešu NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 564 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 565 Ligure Ligure NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 566 Limburgs Limburgs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 567 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 568 Franca Franca NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 569 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Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 630 اردو اردو NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 631 Tiếng Tiếng NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 632 Việt Việt NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 633 吴语 吴语 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 634 ייִדיש ייִדיש NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 635 粵語 粵語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 636 Zazaki Zazaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 637 Žemaitėška Žemaitėška NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 638 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 639 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 640 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 641 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 642 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 643 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 644 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 645 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 646 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 647 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 648 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 649 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 650 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 651 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 652 18:41 18:41 CD en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 653   _SP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 654 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 655 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 656 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-7013 784 657 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-7013 785 17 . . . 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en-wikipedia-org-7013 787 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 787 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 787 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 787 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 787 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-7013 787 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-7013 787 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 787 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 787 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-7013 787 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 787 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-7013 788 13 statement statement NN