id sid tid token lemma pos WOS-000504402800005 1 1 background background NOUN WOS-000504402800005 1 2 / / SYM WOS-000504402800005 1 3 context context NOUN WOS-000504402800005 1 4 : : PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 1 5 research research NOUN WOS-000504402800005 1 6 on on ADP WOS-000504402800005 1 7 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 1 8 patterns pattern NOUN WOS-000504402800005 1 9 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 1 10 philanthropic philanthropic NOUN WOS-000504402800005 1 11 funding funding NOUN WOS-000504402800005 1 12 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 1 13 charter charter NOUN WOS-000504402800005 1 14 schools school NOUN WOS-000504402800005 1 15 has have AUX WOS-000504402800005 1 16 largely largely ADV WOS-000504402800005 1 17 focused focus VERB WOS-000504402800005 1 18 on on ADP WOS-000504402800005 1 19 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 1 20 behavior behavior NOUN WOS-000504402800005 1 21 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 1 22 major major ADJ WOS-000504402800005 1 23 foundations foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 1 24 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 2 1 this this DET WOS-000504402800005 2 2 work work NOUN WOS-000504402800005 2 3 has have AUX WOS-000504402800005 2 4 documented document VERB WOS-000504402800005 2 5 how how SCONJ WOS-000504402800005 2 6 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 2 7 once once ADJ WOS-000504402800005 2 8 diffuse diffuse NOUN WOS-000504402800005 2 9 giving give VERB WOS-000504402800005 2 10 by by ADP WOS-000504402800005 2 11 these these DET WOS-000504402800005 2 12 major major ADJ WOS-000504402800005 2 13 foundations foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 2 14 has have AUX WOS-000504402800005 2 15 become become VERB WOS-000504402800005 2 16 increasingly increasingly ADV WOS-000504402800005 2 17 concentrated concentrated ADJ WOS-000504402800005 2 18 on on ADP WOS-000504402800005 2 19 a a DET WOS-000504402800005 2 20 small small ADJ WOS-000504402800005 2 21 number number NOUN WOS-000504402800005 2 22 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 2 23 jurisdictional jurisdictional ADJ WOS-000504402800005 2 24 challengers challenger NOUN WOS-000504402800005 2 25 in in ADP WOS-000504402800005 2 26 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 2 27 form form NOUN WOS-000504402800005 2 28 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 2 29 charter charter NOUN WOS-000504402800005 2 30 schools school NOUN WOS-000504402800005 2 31 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 2 32 charter charter NOUN WOS-000504402800005 2 33 management management NOUN WOS-000504402800005 2 34 organizations organization NOUN WOS-000504402800005 2 35 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 2 36 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 2 37 intermediary intermediary ADJ WOS-000504402800005 2 38 organizations organization NOUN WOS-000504402800005 2 39 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 3 1 purpose purpose NOUN WOS-000504402800005 3 2 : : PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 3 3 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 3 4 current current ADJ WOS-000504402800005 3 5 study study NOUN WOS-000504402800005 3 6 examines examine VERB WOS-000504402800005 3 7 whether whether SCONJ WOS-000504402800005 3 8 this this DET WOS-000504402800005 3 9 convergence convergence NOUN WOS-000504402800005 3 10 in in ADP WOS-000504402800005 3 11 giving giving NOUN WOS-000504402800005 3 12 has have AUX WOS-000504402800005 3 13 spread spread VERB WOS-000504402800005 3 14 to to ADP WOS-000504402800005 3 15 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 3 16 entire entire ADJ WOS-000504402800005 3 17 network network NOUN WOS-000504402800005 3 18 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 3 19 foundations foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 3 20 giving give VERB WOS-000504402800005 3 21 to to ADP WOS-000504402800005 3 22 charter charter NOUN WOS-000504402800005 3 23 - - PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 3 24 school school NOUN WOS-000504402800005 3 25 - - PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 3 26 related relate VERB WOS-000504402800005 3 27 organizations organization NOUN WOS-000504402800005 3 28 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 4 1 we we PRON WOS-000504402800005 4 2 do do VERB WOS-000504402800005 4 3 so so ADV WOS-000504402800005 4 4 by by ADP WOS-000504402800005 4 5 extending extend VERB WOS-000504402800005 4 6 current current ADJ WOS-000504402800005 4 7 work work NOUN WOS-000504402800005 4 8 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 4 9 focus focus VERB WOS-000504402800005 4 10 on on ADP WOS-000504402800005 4 11 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 4 12 broader broad ADJ WOS-000504402800005 4 13 institutional institutional ADJ WOS-000504402800005 4 14 field field NOUN WOS-000504402800005 4 15 that that PRON WOS-000504402800005 4 16 includes include VERB WOS-000504402800005 4 17 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 4 18 interactions interaction NOUN WOS-000504402800005 4 19 between between ADP WOS-000504402800005 4 20 major major ADJ WOS-000504402800005 4 21 foundations foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 4 22 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 4 23 smaller small ADJ WOS-000504402800005 4 24 foundations foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 4 25 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 4 26 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 4 27 grantees grantee NOUN WOS-000504402800005 4 28 over over ADP WOS-000504402800005 4 29 time time NOUN WOS-000504402800005 4 30 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 5 1 moreover moreover ADV WOS-000504402800005 5 2 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 5 3 we we PRON WOS-000504402800005 5 4 look look VERB WOS-000504402800005 5 5 to to PART WOS-000504402800005 5 6 see see VERB WOS-000504402800005 5 7 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 5 8 if if SCONJ WOS-000504402800005 5 9 such such DET WOS-000504402800005 5 10 a a DET WOS-000504402800005 5 11 field field NOUN WOS-000504402800005 5 12 - - PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 5 13 wide wide ADJ WOS-000504402800005 5 14 convergence convergence NOUN WOS-000504402800005 5 15 is be AUX WOS-000504402800005 5 16 present present ADJ WOS-000504402800005 5 17 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 5 18 whether whether SCONJ WOS-000504402800005 5 19 there there PRON WOS-000504402800005 5 20 is be VERB WOS-000504402800005 5 21 evidence evidence NOUN WOS-000504402800005 5 22 consistent consistent ADJ WOS-000504402800005 5 23 with with ADP WOS-000504402800005 5 24 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 5 25 institutional institutional ADJ WOS-000504402800005 5 26 process process NOUN WOS-000504402800005 5 27 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 5 28 isomorphism isomorphism NOUN WOS-000504402800005 5 29 in in ADP WOS-000504402800005 5 30 which which PRON WOS-000504402800005 5 31 low low ADJ WOS-000504402800005 5 32 - - PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 5 33 status status NOUN WOS-000504402800005 5 34 foundations foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 5 35 match match VERB WOS-000504402800005 5 36 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 5 37 giving give VERB WOS-000504402800005 5 38 strategy strategy NOUN WOS-000504402800005 5 39 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 5 40 higher high ADJ WOS-000504402800005 5 41 status status NOUN WOS-000504402800005 5 42 ones one NOUN WOS-000504402800005 5 43 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 6 1 research research NOUN WOS-000504402800005 6 2 design design NOUN WOS-000504402800005 6 3 : : PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 6 4 we we PRON WOS-000504402800005 6 5 test test VERB WOS-000504402800005 6 6 for for ADP WOS-000504402800005 6 7 these these DET WOS-000504402800005 6 8 dynamics dynamic NOUN WOS-000504402800005 6 9 using use VERB WOS-000504402800005 6 10 exponential exponential ADJ WOS-000504402800005 6 11 random random ADJ WOS-000504402800005 6 12 graph graph NOUN WOS-000504402800005 6 13 models model NOUN WOS-000504402800005 6 14 ( ( PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 6 15 ergms ergms ADJ WOS-000504402800005 6 16 ) ) PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 6 17 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 6 18 a a DET WOS-000504402800005 6 19 hypothesis hypothesis NOUN WOS-000504402800005 6 20 - - PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 6 21 testing testing NOUN WOS-000504402800005 6 22 framework framework NOUN WOS-000504402800005 6 23 for for ADP WOS-000504402800005 6 24 network network NOUN WOS-000504402800005 6 25 analysis analysis NOUN WOS-000504402800005 6 26 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 7 1 more more ADV WOS-000504402800005 7 2 specifically specifically ADV WOS-000504402800005 7 3 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 7 4 we we PRON WOS-000504402800005 7 5 analyze analyze VERB WOS-000504402800005 7 6 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 7 7 funding funding NOUN WOS-000504402800005 7 8 ties tie NOUN WOS-000504402800005 7 9 among among ADP WOS-000504402800005 7 10 809 809 NUM WOS-000504402800005 7 11 foundations foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 7 12 that that PRON WOS-000504402800005 7 13 gave give VERB WOS-000504402800005 7 14 grants grant NOUN WOS-000504402800005 7 15 to to ADP WOS-000504402800005 7 16 california california PROPN WOS-000504402800005 7 17 charter charter PROPN WOS-000504402800005 7 18 schools school NOUN WOS-000504402800005 7 19 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 7 20 charter charter NOUN WOS-000504402800005 7 21 - - PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 7 22 school school NOUN WOS-000504402800005 7 23 - - PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 7 24 related relate VERB WOS-000504402800005 7 25 organizations organization NOUN WOS-000504402800005 7 26 between between ADP WOS-000504402800005 7 27 2003 2003 NUM WOS-000504402800005 7 28 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 7 29 2014 2014 NUM WOS-000504402800005 7 30 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 7 31 as as ADP WOS-000504402800005 7 32 available available ADJ WOS-000504402800005 7 33 through through ADP WOS-000504402800005 7 34 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 7 35 foundation foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 7 36 directory directory NOUN WOS-000504402800005 7 37 online online ADV WOS-000504402800005 7 38 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 8 1 we we PRON WOS-000504402800005 8 2 constructed construct VERB WOS-000504402800005 8 3 multiyear multiyear ADJ WOS-000504402800005 8 4 windows window NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 5 to to PART WOS-000504402800005 8 6 examine examine VERB WOS-000504402800005 8 7 funding funding NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 8 ties tie NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 9 between between ADP WOS-000504402800005 8 10 foundations foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 11 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 8 12 recipients recipient NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 13 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 8 14 using use VERB WOS-000504402800005 8 15 organizational organizational ADJ WOS-000504402800005 8 16 characteristics characteristic NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 17 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 8 18 such such ADJ WOS-000504402800005 8 19 as as ADP WOS-000504402800005 8 20 foundation foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 21 type type NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 22 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 8 23 foundation foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 24 year year NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 25 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 8 26 professionalization professionalization NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 27 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 8 28 foundation foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 29 size size NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 30 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 8 31 organizational organizational ADJ WOS-000504402800005 8 32 type type NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 33 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 8 34 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 8 35 location location NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 36 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 8 37 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 8 38 endogenous endogenous ADJ WOS-000504402800005 8 39 features feature NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 40 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 8 41 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 8 42 network network NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 43 as as ADP WOS-000504402800005 8 44 independent independent ADJ WOS-000504402800005 8 45 variables variable NOUN WOS-000504402800005 8 46 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 9 1 findings finding NOUN WOS-000504402800005 9 2 : : PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 9 3 results result NOUN WOS-000504402800005 9 4 indicate indicate VERB WOS-000504402800005 9 5 centralization centralization NOUN WOS-000504402800005 9 6 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 9 7 giving give VERB WOS-000504402800005 9 8 over over ADP WOS-000504402800005 9 9 time time NOUN WOS-000504402800005 9 10 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 9 11 as as ADP WOS-000504402800005 9 12 larger large ADJ WOS-000504402800005 9 13 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 9 14 newer new ADJ WOS-000504402800005 9 15 foundations foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 9 16 began begin VERB WOS-000504402800005 9 17 practicing practice VERB WOS-000504402800005 9 18 more more ADV WOS-000504402800005 9 19 targeted target VERB WOS-000504402800005 9 20 giving giving NOUN WOS-000504402800005 9 21 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 9 22 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 9 23 most most ADV WOS-000504402800005 9 24 connected connected ADJ WOS-000504402800005 9 25 recipients recipient NOUN WOS-000504402800005 9 26 were be AUX WOS-000504402800005 9 27 involved involve VERB WOS-000504402800005 9 28 in in ADP WOS-000504402800005 9 29 a a DET WOS-000504402800005 9 30 disproportionate disproportionate ADJ WOS-000504402800005 9 31 number number NOUN WOS-000504402800005 9 32 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 9 33 funding funding NOUN WOS-000504402800005 9 34 ties tie NOUN WOS-000504402800005 9 35 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 10 1 we we PRON WOS-000504402800005 10 2 also also ADV WOS-000504402800005 10 3 found find VERB WOS-000504402800005 10 4 evidence evidence NOUN WOS-000504402800005 10 5 consistent consistent ADJ WOS-000504402800005 10 6 with with ADP WOS-000504402800005 10 7 institutionalization institutionalization NOUN WOS-000504402800005 10 8 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 10 9 as as SCONJ WOS-000504402800005 10 10 foundations foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 10 11 with with ADP WOS-000504402800005 10 12 professional professional ADJ WOS-000504402800005 10 13 staffs staff NOUN WOS-000504402800005 10 14 played play VERB WOS-000504402800005 10 15 a a DET WOS-000504402800005 10 16 larger large ADJ WOS-000504402800005 10 17 role role NOUN WOS-000504402800005 10 18 in in ADP WOS-000504402800005 10 19 giving giving NOUN WOS-000504402800005 10 20 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 10 21 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 10 22 smaller small ADJ WOS-000504402800005 10 23 foundations foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 10 24 increasingly increasingly ADV WOS-000504402800005 10 25 engaged engage VERB WOS-000504402800005 10 26 in in ADP WOS-000504402800005 10 27 behavior behavior NOUN WOS-000504402800005 10 28 similar similar ADJ WOS-000504402800005 10 29 to to ADP WOS-000504402800005 10 30 their their PRON WOS-000504402800005 10 31 larger large ADJ WOS-000504402800005 10 32 peers peer NOUN WOS-000504402800005 10 33 over over ADP WOS-000504402800005 10 34 time time NOUN WOS-000504402800005 10 35 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 11 1 finally finally ADV WOS-000504402800005 11 2 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 11 3 we we PRON WOS-000504402800005 11 4 found find VERB WOS-000504402800005 11 5 evidence evidence NOUN WOS-000504402800005 11 6 for for ADP WOS-000504402800005 11 7 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 11 8 consistent consistent ADJ WOS-000504402800005 11 9 effect effect NOUN WOS-000504402800005 11 10 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 11 11 propinquity propinquity NOUN WOS-000504402800005 11 12 : : PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 11 13 we we PRON WOS-000504402800005 11 14 observe observe VERB WOS-000504402800005 11 15 co co NOUN WOS-000504402800005 11 16 - - NOUN WOS-000504402800005 11 17 funding funding NOUN WOS-000504402800005 11 18 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 11 19 co co ADJ WOS-000504402800005 11 20 - - VERB WOS-000504402800005 11 21 receiving receive VERB WOS-000504402800005 11 22 ties tie NOUN WOS-000504402800005 11 23 between between ADP WOS-000504402800005 11 24 foundations foundation NOUN WOS-000504402800005 11 25 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 11 26 grantees grantee NOUN WOS-000504402800005 11 27 in in ADP WOS-000504402800005 11 28 geographical geographical ADJ WOS-000504402800005 11 29 proximity proximity NOUN WOS-000504402800005 11 30 to to ADP WOS-000504402800005 11 31 each each DET WOS-000504402800005 11 32 other other ADJ WOS-000504402800005 11 33 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 12 1 conclusions conclusion NOUN WOS-000504402800005 12 2 : : PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 12 3 this this DET WOS-000504402800005 12 4 work work NOUN WOS-000504402800005 12 5 examines examine VERB WOS-000504402800005 12 6 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 12 7 network network NOUN WOS-000504402800005 12 8 dynamics dynamic NOUN WOS-000504402800005 12 9 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 12 10 charter charter NOUN WOS-000504402800005 12 11 school school NOUN WOS-000504402800005 12 12 philanthropic philanthropic NOUN WOS-000504402800005 12 13 giving give VERB WOS-000504402800005 12 14 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 12 15 provides provide VERB WOS-000504402800005 12 16 evidence evidence NOUN WOS-000504402800005 12 17 for for ADP WOS-000504402800005 12 18 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 12 19 centralization centralization NOUN WOS-000504402800005 12 20 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 12 21 institutionalization institutionalization NOUN WOS-000504402800005 12 22 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 12 23 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 12 24 field field NOUN WOS-000504402800005 12 25 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 13 1 in in ADP WOS-000504402800005 13 2 turn turn NOUN WOS-000504402800005 13 3 , , PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 13 4 this this PRON WOS-000504402800005 13 5 may may AUX WOS-000504402800005 13 6 create create VERB WOS-000504402800005 13 7 inequity inequity NOUN WOS-000504402800005 13 8 in in ADP WOS-000504402800005 13 9 funding funding NOUN WOS-000504402800005 13 10 for for ADP WOS-000504402800005 13 11 charter charter NOUN WOS-000504402800005 13 12 schools school NOUN WOS-000504402800005 13 13 because because SCONJ WOS-000504402800005 13 14 it it PRON WOS-000504402800005 13 15 may may AUX WOS-000504402800005 13 16 be be AUX WOS-000504402800005 13 17 more more ADV WOS-000504402800005 13 18 difficult difficult ADJ WOS-000504402800005 13 19 for for SCONJ WOS-000504402800005 13 20 smaller small ADJ WOS-000504402800005 13 21 or or CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 13 22 less less ADV WOS-000504402800005 13 23 ideologically ideologically ADV WOS-000504402800005 13 24 popular popular ADJ WOS-000504402800005 13 25 organizations organization NOUN WOS-000504402800005 13 26 to to PART WOS-000504402800005 13 27 penetrate penetrate VERB WOS-000504402800005 13 28 the the DET WOS-000504402800005 13 29 field field NOUN WOS-000504402800005 13 30 . . PUNCT WOS-000504402800005 14 1 policymakers policymaker NOUN WOS-000504402800005 14 2 should should AUX WOS-000504402800005 14 3 be be AUX WOS-000504402800005 14 4 aware aware ADJ WOS-000504402800005 14 5 of of ADP WOS-000504402800005 14 6 these these DET WOS-000504402800005 14 7 forces force NOUN WOS-000504402800005 14 8 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 14 9 should should AUX WOS-000504402800005 14 10 take take VERB WOS-000504402800005 14 11 them they PRON WOS-000504402800005 14 12 into into ADP WOS-000504402800005 14 13 account account NOUN WOS-000504402800005 14 14 when when SCONJ WOS-000504402800005 14 15 making make VERB WOS-000504402800005 14 16 budgetary budgetary ADJ WOS-000504402800005 14 17 and and CCONJ WOS-000504402800005 14 18 funding funding NOUN WOS-000504402800005 14 19 decisions decision NOUN WOS-000504402800005 14 20 . . PUNCT