id sid tid token lemma pos WOS-000448903100003 1 1 a a DET WOS-000448903100003 1 2 particularly particularly ADV WOS-000448903100003 1 3 controversial controversial ADJ WOS-000448903100003 1 4 topic topic NOUN WOS-000448903100003 1 5 in in ADP WOS-000448903100003 1 6 current current ADJ WOS-000448903100003 1 7 education education NOUN WOS-000448903100003 1 8 policy policy NOUN WOS-000448903100003 1 9 is be AUX WOS-000448903100003 1 10 the the DET WOS-000448903100003 1 11 expansion expansion NOUN WOS-000448903100003 1 12 of of ADP WOS-000448903100003 1 13 the the DET WOS-000448903100003 1 14 charter charter NOUN WOS-000448903100003 1 15 school school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 1 16 sector sector NOUN WOS-000448903100003 1 17 . . PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 2 1 this this DET WOS-000448903100003 2 2 paper paper NOUN WOS-000448903100003 2 3 analyzes analyze VERB WOS-000448903100003 2 4 the the DET WOS-000448903100003 2 5 spillover spillover NOUN WOS-000448903100003 2 6 effects effect NOUN WOS-000448903100003 2 7 of of ADP WOS-000448903100003 2 8 charter charter NOUN WOS-000448903100003 2 9 schools school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 2 10 on on ADP WOS-000448903100003 2 11 traditional traditional ADJ WOS-000448903100003 2 12 public public ADJ WOS-000448903100003 2 13 school school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 2 14 ( ( PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 2 15 tps tps NOUN WOS-000448903100003 2 16 ) ) PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 2 17 students student NOUN WOS-000448903100003 2 18 in in ADP WOS-000448903100003 2 19 new new PROPN WOS-000448903100003 2 20 york york PROPN WOS-000448903100003 2 21 city city NOUN WOS-000448903100003 2 22 . . PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 3 1 i i PRON WOS-000448903100003 3 2 exploit exploit VERB WOS-000448903100003 3 3 variation variation NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 4 in in ADP WOS-000448903100003 3 5 both both CCONJ WOS-000448903100003 3 6 the the DET WOS-000448903100003 3 7 timing timing NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 8 of of ADP WOS-000448903100003 3 9 charter charter NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 10 school school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 11 entry entry NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 12 and and CCONJ WOS-000448903100003 3 13 distance distance NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 14 to to ADP WOS-000448903100003 3 15 the the DET WOS-000448903100003 3 16 nearest near ADJ WOS-000448903100003 3 17 charter charter NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 18 school school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 19 to to PART WOS-000448903100003 3 20 obtain obtain VERB WOS-000448903100003 3 21 credibly credibly ADV WOS-000448903100003 3 22 causal causal ADJ WOS-000448903100003 3 23 estimates estimate NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 24 of of ADP WOS-000448903100003 3 25 the the DET WOS-000448903100003 3 26 impacts impact NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 27 of of ADP WOS-000448903100003 3 28 charter charter NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 29 schools school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 30 on on ADP WOS-000448903100003 3 31 tps tps NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 32 student student NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 33 performance performance NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 34 , , PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 3 35 and and CCONJ WOS-000448903100003 3 36 i i PRON WOS-000448903100003 3 37 am be AUX WOS-000448903100003 3 38 among among ADP WOS-000448903100003 3 39 the the DET WOS-000448903100003 3 40 first first ADJ WOS-000448903100003 3 41 to to PART WOS-000448903100003 3 42 estimate estimate VERB WOS-000448903100003 3 43 the the DET WOS-000448903100003 3 44 impacts impact NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 45 of of ADP WOS-000448903100003 3 46 charter charter NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 47 school school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 48 co co NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 49 - - NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 50 location location NOUN WOS-000448903100003 3 51 . . PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 4 1 i i PRON WOS-000448903100003 4 2 further far ADV WOS-000448903100003 4 3 add add VERB WOS-000448903100003 4 4 to to ADP WOS-000448903100003 4 5 the the DET WOS-000448903100003 4 6 literature literature NOUN WOS-000448903100003 4 7 by by ADP WOS-000448903100003 4 8 exploring explore VERB WOS-000448903100003 4 9 potential potential ADJ WOS-000448903100003 4 10 mechanisms mechanism NOUN WOS-000448903100003 4 11 for for ADP WOS-000448903100003 4 12 these these DET WOS-000448903100003 4 13 findings finding NOUN WOS-000448903100003 4 14 with with ADP WOS-000448903100003 4 15 school school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 4 16 - - PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 4 17 level level NOUN WOS-000448903100003 4 18 data datum NOUN WOS-000448903100003 4 19 on on ADP WOS-000448903100003 4 20 per per ADP WOS-000448903100003 4 21 pupil pupil NOUN WOS-000448903100003 4 22 expenditures expenditure NOUN WOS-000448903100003 4 23 ( ( PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 4 24 ppe ppe PROPN WOS-000448903100003 4 25 ) ) PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 4 26 , , PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 4 27 and and CCONJ WOS-000448903100003 4 28 parent parent NOUN WOS-000448903100003 4 29 and and CCONJ WOS-000448903100003 4 30 teacher teacher NOUN WOS-000448903100003 4 31 perceptions perception NOUN WOS-000448903100003 4 32 of of ADP WOS-000448903100003 4 33 schools school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 4 34 . . PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 5 1 briefly briefly ADV WOS-000448903100003 5 2 , , PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 5 3 i i PRON WOS-000448903100003 5 4 find find VERB WOS-000448903100003 5 5 charter charter NOUN WOS-000448903100003 5 6 schools school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 5 7 significantly significantly ADV WOS-000448903100003 5 8 increase increase VERB WOS-000448903100003 5 9 tps tps ADJ WOS-000448903100003 5 10 student student NOUN WOS-000448903100003 5 11 performance performance NOUN WOS-000448903100003 5 12 in in ADP WOS-000448903100003 5 13 both both DET WOS-000448903100003 5 14 english english PROPN WOS-000448903100003 5 15 language language NOUN WOS-000448903100003 5 16 arts art NOUN WOS-000448903100003 5 17 and and CCONJ WOS-000448903100003 5 18 math math NOUN WOS-000448903100003 5 19 , , PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 5 20 and and CCONJ WOS-000448903100003 5 21 decrease decrease VERB WOS-000448903100003 5 22 the the DET WOS-000448903100003 5 23 probability probability NOUN WOS-000448903100003 5 24 of of ADP WOS-000448903100003 5 25 grade grade NOUN WOS-000448903100003 5 26 retention retention NOUN WOS-000448903100003 5 27 . . PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 6 1 effects effect NOUN WOS-000448903100003 6 2 increase increase VERB WOS-000448903100003 6 3 with with ADP WOS-000448903100003 6 4 charter charter NOUN WOS-000448903100003 6 5 school school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 6 6 proximity proximity NOUN WOS-000448903100003 6 7 and and CCONJ WOS-000448903100003 6 8 are be AUX WOS-000448903100003 6 9 largest large ADJ WOS-000448903100003 6 10 in in ADP WOS-000448903100003 6 11 tpss tpss PROPN WOS-000448903100003 6 12 co co PROPN WOS-000448903100003 6 13 - - VERB WOS-000448903100003 6 14 located locate VERB WOS-000448903100003 6 15 with with ADP WOS-000448903100003 6 16 charter charter NOUN WOS-000448903100003 6 17 schools school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 6 18 . . PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 7 1 potential potential ADJ WOS-000448903100003 7 2 explanations explanation NOUN WOS-000448903100003 7 3 for for ADP WOS-000448903100003 7 4 improved improved ADJ WOS-000448903100003 7 5 performance performance NOUN WOS-000448903100003 7 6 include include VERB WOS-000448903100003 7 7 increased increase VERB WOS-000448903100003 7 8 ppe ppe NOUN WOS-000448903100003 7 9 , , PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 7 10 academic academic ADJ WOS-000448903100003 7 11 expectations expectation NOUN WOS-000448903100003 7 12 , , PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 7 13 student student NOUN WOS-000448903100003 7 14 engagement engagement NOUN WOS-000448903100003 7 15 , , PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 7 16 and and CCONJ WOS-000448903100003 7 17 a a DET WOS-000448903100003 7 18 more more ADV WOS-000448903100003 7 19 respectful respectful ADJ WOS-000448903100003 7 20 and and CCONJ WOS-000448903100003 7 21 safe safe ADJ WOS-000448903100003 7 22 school school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 7 23 environment environment NOUN WOS-000448903100003 7 24 after after ADP WOS-000448903100003 7 25 charter charter NOUN WOS-000448903100003 7 26 entry entry NOUN WOS-000448903100003 7 27 . . PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 8 1 the the DET WOS-000448903100003 8 2 findings finding NOUN WOS-000448903100003 8 3 suggest suggest VERB WOS-000448903100003 8 4 that that SCONJ WOS-000448903100003 8 5 more more ADJ WOS-000448903100003 8 6 charter charter NOUN WOS-000448903100003 8 7 schools school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 8 8 in in ADP WOS-000448903100003 8 9 new new PROPN WOS-000448903100003 8 10 york york PROPN WOS-000448903100003 8 11 city city NOUN WOS-000448903100003 8 12 may may AUX WOS-000448903100003 8 13 be be AUX WOS-000448903100003 8 14 beneficial beneficial ADJ WOS-000448903100003 8 15 at at ADP WOS-000448903100003 8 16 the the DET WOS-000448903100003 8 17 margin margin NOUN WOS-000448903100003 8 18 , , PUNCT WOS-000448903100003 8 19 and and CCONJ WOS-000448903100003 8 20 co co NOUN WOS-000448903100003 8 21 - - NOUN WOS-000448903100003 8 22 location location NOUN WOS-000448903100003 8 23 may may AUX WOS-000448903100003 8 24 be be AUX WOS-000448903100003 8 25 mutually mutually ADV WOS-000448903100003 8 26 beneficial beneficial ADJ WOS-000448903100003 8 27 for for ADP WOS-000448903100003 8 28 charter charter NOUN WOS-000448903100003 8 29 and and CCONJ WOS-000448903100003 8 30 traditional traditional ADJ WOS-000448903100003 8 31 public public ADJ WOS-000448903100003 8 32 schools school NOUN WOS-000448903100003 8 33 . . PUNCT