id sid tid token lemma pos WOS-000384783800003 1 1 the the DET WOS-000384783800003 1 2 closure closure NOUN WOS-000384783800003 1 3 of of ADP WOS-000384783800003 1 4 low low ADV WOS-000384783800003 1 5 - - PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 1 6 performing perform VERB WOS-000384783800003 1 7 schools school NOUN WOS-000384783800003 1 8 is be AUX WOS-000384783800003 1 9 an an DET WOS-000384783800003 1 10 essential essential ADJ WOS-000384783800003 1 11 feature feature NOUN WOS-000384783800003 1 12 of of ADP WOS-000384783800003 1 13 the the DET WOS-000384783800003 1 14 charter charter NOUN WOS-000384783800003 1 15 school school NOUN WOS-000384783800003 1 16 model model NOUN WOS-000384783800003 1 17 . . PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 2 1 our our PRON WOS-000384783800003 2 2 regression regression NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 3 discontinuity discontinuity NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 4 analysis analysis NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 5 uses use VERB WOS-000384783800003 2 6 an an DET WOS-000384783800003 2 7 exogenous exogenous ADJ WOS-000384783800003 2 8 source source NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 9 of of ADP WOS-000384783800003 2 10 variation variation NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 11 in in ADP WOS-000384783800003 2 12 school school NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 13 closure closure NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 14 an an DET WOS-000384783800003 2 15 ohio ohio PROPN WOS-000384783800003 2 16 law law NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 17 that that PRON WOS-000384783800003 2 18 requires require VERB WOS-000384783800003 2 19 charter charter NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 20 schools school NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 21 to to PART WOS-000384783800003 2 22 close close VERB WOS-000384783800003 2 23 if if SCONJ WOS-000384783800003 2 24 they they PRON WOS-000384783800003 2 25 fail fail VERB WOS-000384783800003 2 26 to to PART WOS-000384783800003 2 27 meet meet VERB WOS-000384783800003 2 28 a a DET WOS-000384783800003 2 29 specific specific ADJ WOS-000384783800003 2 30 performance performance NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 31 standard standard NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 32 to to PART WOS-000384783800003 2 33 estimate estimate VERB WOS-000384783800003 2 34 the the DET WOS-000384783800003 2 35 causal causal ADJ WOS-000384783800003 2 36 effect effect NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 37 of of ADP WOS-000384783800003 2 38 closure closure NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 39 on on ADP WOS-000384783800003 2 40 student student NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 41 achievement achievement NOUN WOS-000384783800003 2 42 . . PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 3 1 the the DET WOS-000384783800003 3 2 results result NOUN WOS-000384783800003 3 3 indicate indicate VERB WOS-000384783800003 3 4 that that SCONJ WOS-000384783800003 3 5 closing close VERB WOS-000384783800003 3 6 low low ADV WOS-000384783800003 3 7 - - PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 3 8 performing perform VERB WOS-000384783800003 3 9 charter charter NOUN WOS-000384783800003 3 10 schools school NOUN WOS-000384783800003 3 11 eventually eventually ADV WOS-000384783800003 3 12 yields yield VERB WOS-000384783800003 3 13 achievement achievement NOUN WOS-000384783800003 3 14 gains gain NOUN WOS-000384783800003 3 15 of of ADP WOS-000384783800003 3 16 around around ADP WOS-000384783800003 3 17 0.2 0.2 NUM WOS-000384783800003 3 18 - - SYM WOS-000384783800003 3 19 0.3 0.3 NUM WOS-000384783800003 3 20 standard standard ADJ WOS-000384783800003 3 21 deviations deviation NOUN WOS-000384783800003 3 22 in in ADP WOS-000384783800003 3 23 reading reading NOUN WOS-000384783800003 3 24 and and CCONJ WOS-000384783800003 3 25 math math NOUN WOS-000384783800003 3 26 for for ADP WOS-000384783800003 3 27 students student NOUN WOS-000384783800003 3 28 attending attend VERB WOS-000384783800003 3 29 these these DET WOS-000384783800003 3 30 schools school NOUN WOS-000384783800003 3 31 at at ADP WOS-000384783800003 3 32 the the DET WOS-000384783800003 3 33 time time NOUN WOS-000384783800003 3 34 they they PRON WOS-000384783800003 3 35 were be AUX WOS-000384783800003 3 36 identified identify VERB WOS-000384783800003 3 37 for for ADP WOS-000384783800003 3 38 closure closure NOUN WOS-000384783800003 3 39 . . PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 4 1 the the DET WOS-000384783800003 4 2 study study NOUN WOS-000384783800003 4 3 also also ADV WOS-000384783800003 4 4 employs employ VERB WOS-000384783800003 4 5 mandatory mandatory ADJ WOS-000384783800003 4 6 closure closure NOUN WOS-000384783800003 4 7 as as ADP WOS-000384783800003 4 8 an an DET WOS-000384783800003 4 9 instrument instrument NOUN WOS-000384783800003 4 10 for for ADP WOS-000384783800003 4 11 estimating estimate VERB WOS-000384783800003 4 12 the the DET WOS-000384783800003 4 13 impact impact NOUN WOS-000384783800003 4 14 of of ADP WOS-000384783800003 4 15 exiting exit VERB WOS-000384783800003 4 16 low low ADJ WOS-000384783800003 4 17 - - PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 4 18 quality quality NOUN WOS-000384783800003 4 19 charter charter NOUN WOS-000384783800003 4 20 schools school NOUN WOS-000384783800003 4 21 , , PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 4 22 thus thus ADV WOS-000384783800003 4 23 providing provide VERB WOS-000384783800003 4 24 plausible plausible ADJ WOS-000384783800003 4 25 lower low ADJ WOS-000384783800003 4 26 - - PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 4 27 bound bind VERB WOS-000384783800003 4 28 estimates estimate NOUN WOS-000384783800003 4 29 of of ADP WOS-000384783800003 4 30 charter charter NOUN WOS-000384783800003 4 31 school school NOUN WOS-000384783800003 4 32 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN WOS-000384783800003 4 33 . . PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 5 1 these these DET WOS-000384783800003 5 2 results result NOUN WOS-000384783800003 5 3 complement complement VERB WOS-000384783800003 5 4 the the DET WOS-000384783800003 5 5 more more ADV WOS-000384783800003 5 6 common common ADJ WOS-000384783800003 5 7 lottery lottery NOUN WOS-000384783800003 5 8 - - PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 5 9 based base VERB WOS-000384783800003 5 10 estimates estimate NOUN WOS-000384783800003 5 11 of of ADP WOS-000384783800003 5 12 charter charter NOUN WOS-000384783800003 5 13 school school NOUN WOS-000384783800003 5 14 effects effect NOUN WOS-000384783800003 5 15 , , PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 5 16 which which PRON WOS-000384783800003 5 17 likely likely ADV WOS-000384783800003 5 18 serve serve VERB WOS-000384783800003 5 19 as as ADP WOS-000384783800003 5 20 upper upper ADV WOS-000384783800003 5 21 - - PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 5 22 bound bind VERB WOS-000384783800003 5 23 estimates estimate NOUN WOS-000384783800003 5 24 due due ADP WOS-000384783800003 5 25 to to ADP WOS-000384783800003 5 26 their their PRON WOS-000384783800003 5 27 focus focus NOUN WOS-000384783800003 5 28 on on ADP WOS-000384783800003 5 29 oversubscribed oversubscribed ADJ WOS-000384783800003 5 30 schools school NOUN WOS-000384783800003 5 31 often often ADV WOS-000384783800003 5 32 located locate VERB WOS-000384783800003 5 33 in in ADP WOS-000384783800003 5 34 cities city NOUN WOS-000384783800003 5 35 with with ADP WOS-000384783800003 5 36 high high ADV WOS-000384783800003 5 37 - - PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 5 38 performing perform VERB WOS-000384783800003 5 39 charter charter NOUN WOS-000384783800003 5 40 sectors sector NOUN WOS-000384783800003 5 41 . . PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 6 1 we we PRON WOS-000384783800003 6 2 discuss discuss VERB WOS-000384783800003 6 3 the the DET WOS-000384783800003 6 4 implications implication NOUN WOS-000384783800003 6 5 for for ADP WOS-000384783800003 6 6 research research NOUN WOS-000384783800003 6 7 and and CCONJ WOS-000384783800003 6 8 policy policy NOUN WOS-000384783800003 6 9 . . PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 7 1 ( ( PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 7 2 c c PROPN WOS-000384783800003 7 3 ) ) PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 7 4 2016 2016 NUM WOS-000384783800003 7 5 elsevier elsevier PROPN WOS-000384783800003 7 6 inc inc PROPN WOS-000384783800003 7 7 . . PUNCT WOS-000384783800003 8 1 all all DET WOS-000384783800003 8 2 rights right NOUN WOS-000384783800003 8 3 reserved reserve VERB WOS-000384783800003 8 4 . . PUNCT