id sid tid token lemma pos WOS-000370308700007 1 1 charter charter NOUN WOS-000370308700007 1 2 schools school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 1 3 have have AUX WOS-000370308700007 1 4 been be AUX WOS-000370308700007 1 5 one one NUM WOS-000370308700007 1 6 of of ADP WOS-000370308700007 1 7 the the DET WOS-000370308700007 1 8 most most ADV WOS-000370308700007 1 9 important important ADJ WOS-000370308700007 1 10 dimensions dimension NOUN WOS-000370308700007 1 11 of of ADP WOS-000370308700007 1 12 recent recent ADJ WOS-000370308700007 1 13 school school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 1 14 reform reform NOUN WOS-000370308700007 1 15 measures measure NOUN WOS-000370308700007 1 16 in in ADP WOS-000370308700007 1 17 the the DET WOS-000370308700007 1 18 united united PROPN WOS-000370308700007 1 19 states states PROPN WOS-000370308700007 1 20 . . PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 2 1 though though SCONJ WOS-000370308700007 2 2 there there PRON WOS-000370308700007 2 3 have have AUX WOS-000370308700007 2 4 been be AUX WOS-000370308700007 2 5 numerous numerous ADJ WOS-000370308700007 2 6 studies study NOUN WOS-000370308700007 2 7 on on ADP WOS-000370308700007 2 8 the the DET WOS-000370308700007 2 9 effects effect NOUN WOS-000370308700007 2 10 of of ADP WOS-000370308700007 2 11 charter charter NOUN WOS-000370308700007 2 12 schools school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 2 13 , , PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 2 14 these these PRON WOS-000370308700007 2 15 have have AUX WOS-000370308700007 2 16 mostly mostly ADV WOS-000370308700007 2 17 been be AUX WOS-000370308700007 2 18 confined confine VERB WOS-000370308700007 2 19 to to ADP WOS-000370308700007 2 20 analyzing analyze VERB WOS-000370308700007 2 21 their their PRON WOS-000370308700007 2 22 effects effect NOUN WOS-000370308700007 2 23 on on ADP WOS-000370308700007 2 24 student student NOUN WOS-000370308700007 2 25 achievement achievement NOUN WOS-000370308700007 2 26 , , PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 2 27 student student NOUN WOS-000370308700007 2 28 demographic demographic ADJ WOS-000370308700007 2 29 composition composition NOUN WOS-000370308700007 2 30 , , PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 2 31 parental parental ADJ WOS-000370308700007 2 32 satisfaction satisfaction NOUN WOS-000370308700007 2 33 , , PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 2 34 and and CCONJ WOS-000370308700007 2 35 the the DET WOS-000370308700007 2 36 competitive competitive ADJ WOS-000370308700007 2 37 effects effect NOUN WOS-000370308700007 2 38 on on ADP WOS-000370308700007 2 39 traditional traditional ADJ WOS-000370308700007 2 40 public public ADJ WOS-000370308700007 2 41 schools school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 2 42 . . PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 3 1 this this DET WOS-000370308700007 3 2 study study NOUN WOS-000370308700007 3 3 departs depart VERB WOS-000370308700007 3 4 from from ADP WOS-000370308700007 3 5 the the DET WOS-000370308700007 3 6 existing exist VERB WOS-000370308700007 3 7 literature literature NOUN WOS-000370308700007 3 8 by by ADP WOS-000370308700007 3 9 investigating investigate VERB WOS-000370308700007 3 10 the the DET WOS-000370308700007 3 11 effect effect NOUN WOS-000370308700007 3 12 of of ADP WOS-000370308700007 3 13 charter charter NOUN WOS-000370308700007 3 14 schools school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 3 15 on on ADP WOS-000370308700007 3 16 enrollment enrollment NOUN WOS-000370308700007 3 17 in in ADP WOS-000370308700007 3 18 private private ADJ WOS-000370308700007 3 19 schools school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 3 20 . . PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 4 1 to to PART WOS-000370308700007 4 2 investigate investigate VERB WOS-000370308700007 4 3 this this DET WOS-000370308700007 4 4 issue issue NOUN WOS-000370308700007 4 5 empirically empirically ADV WOS-000370308700007 4 6 , , PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 4 7 we we PRON WOS-000370308700007 4 8 focus focus VERB WOS-000370308700007 4 9 on on ADP WOS-000370308700007 4 10 the the DET WOS-000370308700007 4 11 state state NOUN WOS-000370308700007 4 12 of of ADP WOS-000370308700007 4 13 michigan michigan PROPN WOS-000370308700007 4 14 where where SCONJ WOS-000370308700007 4 15 there there PRON WOS-000370308700007 4 16 was be VERB WOS-000370308700007 4 17 a a DET WOS-000370308700007 4 18 significant significant ADJ WOS-000370308700007 4 19 spread spread NOUN WOS-000370308700007 4 20 of of ADP WOS-000370308700007 4 21 charter charter NOUN WOS-000370308700007 4 22 schools school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 4 23 in in ADP WOS-000370308700007 4 24 the the DET WOS-000370308700007 4 25 nineties ninety NOUN WOS-000370308700007 4 26 . . PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 5 1 using use VERB WOS-000370308700007 5 2 data datum NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 3 on on ADP WOS-000370308700007 5 4 private private ADJ WOS-000370308700007 5 5 school school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 6 enrollment enrollment NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 7 from from ADP WOS-000370308700007 5 8 biennial biennial ADJ WOS-000370308700007 5 9 nces nce NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 10 private private ADJ WOS-000370308700007 5 11 school school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 12 surveys survey NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 13 , , PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 5 14 and and CCONJ WOS-000370308700007 5 15 using use VERB WOS-000370308700007 5 16 a a DET WOS-000370308700007 5 17 fixed fix VERB WOS-000370308700007 5 18 effects effect NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 19 as as ADV WOS-000370308700007 5 20 well well ADV WOS-000370308700007 5 21 as as ADP WOS-000370308700007 5 22 an an DET WOS-000370308700007 5 23 instrumental instrumental ADJ WOS-000370308700007 5 24 variables variable NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 25 strategy strategy NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 26 that that PRON WOS-000370308700007 5 27 exploits exploit VERB WOS-000370308700007 5 28 exogenous exogenous ADJ WOS-000370308700007 5 29 variation variation NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 30 from from ADP WOS-000370308700007 5 31 michigan michigan PROPN WOS-000370308700007 5 32 charter charter NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 33 law law NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 34 , , PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 5 35 we we PRON WOS-000370308700007 5 36 investigate investigate VERB WOS-000370308700007 5 37 the the DET WOS-000370308700007 5 38 effect effect NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 39 of of ADP WOS-000370308700007 5 40 charter charter NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 41 school school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 42 penetration penetration NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 43 on on ADP WOS-000370308700007 5 44 private private ADJ WOS-000370308700007 5 45 school school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 46 enrollment enrollment NOUN WOS-000370308700007 5 47 . . PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 6 1 we we PRON WOS-000370308700007 6 2 do do AUX WOS-000370308700007 6 3 not not PART WOS-000370308700007 6 4 find find VERB WOS-000370308700007 6 5 any any DET WOS-000370308700007 6 6 causal causal ADJ WOS-000370308700007 6 7 evidence evidence NOUN WOS-000370308700007 6 8 that that SCONJ WOS-000370308700007 6 9 charter charter NOUN WOS-000370308700007 6 10 schools school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 6 11 led lead VERB WOS-000370308700007 6 12 to to ADP WOS-000370308700007 6 13 a a DET WOS-000370308700007 6 14 decline decline NOUN WOS-000370308700007 6 15 in in ADP WOS-000370308700007 6 16 enrollment enrollment NOUN WOS-000370308700007 6 17 in in ADP WOS-000370308700007 6 18 the the DET WOS-000370308700007 6 19 private private ADJ WOS-000370308700007 6 20 schools school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 6 21 . . PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 7 1 further far ADV WOS-000370308700007 7 2 , , PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 7 3 we we PRON WOS-000370308700007 7 4 do do AUX WOS-000370308700007 7 5 not not PART WOS-000370308700007 7 6 find find VERB WOS-000370308700007 7 7 evidence evidence NOUN WOS-000370308700007 7 8 that that SCONJ WOS-000370308700007 7 9 enrollments enrollment NOUN WOS-000370308700007 7 10 in in ADP WOS-000370308700007 7 11 catholic catholic ADJ WOS-000370308700007 7 12 or or CCONJ WOS-000370308700007 7 13 other other ADJ WOS-000370308700007 7 14 religious religious ADJ WOS-000370308700007 7 15 schools school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 7 16 were be AUX WOS-000370308700007 7 17 affected affect VERB WOS-000370308700007 7 18 differently differently ADV WOS-000370308700007 7 19 from from ADP WOS-000370308700007 7 20 those those PRON WOS-000370308700007 7 21 in in ADP WOS-000370308700007 7 22 non non ADJ WOS-000370308700007 7 23 - - ADJ WOS-000370308700007 7 24 religious religious ADJ WOS-000370308700007 7 25 private private ADJ WOS-000370308700007 7 26 schools school NOUN WOS-000370308700007 7 27 . . PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 8 1 our our PRON WOS-000370308700007 8 2 results result NOUN WOS-000370308700007 8 3 are be AUX WOS-000370308700007 8 4 robust robust ADJ WOS-000370308700007 8 5 to to ADP WOS-000370308700007 8 6 a a DET WOS-000370308700007 8 7 variety variety NOUN WOS-000370308700007 8 8 of of ADP WOS-000370308700007 8 9 sensitivity sensitivity NOUN WOS-000370308700007 8 10 checks check NOUN WOS-000370308700007 8 11 . . PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 9 1 ( ( PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 9 2 c c PROPN WOS-000370308700007 9 3 ) ) PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 9 4 2015 2015 NUM WOS-000370308700007 9 5 elsevier elsevier PROPN WOS-000370308700007 9 6 inc inc PROPN WOS-000370308700007 9 7 . . PUNCT WOS-000370308700007 10 1 all all DET WOS-000370308700007 10 2 rights right NOUN WOS-000370308700007 10 3 reserved reserve VERB WOS-000370308700007 10 4 . . PUNCT