id sid tid token lemma pos WOS-000356235500005 1 1 background background NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 2 / / SYM WOS-000356235500005 1 3 context context NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 4 : : PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 1 5 parent parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 6 trigger trigger NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 7 policies policy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 8 have have AUX WOS-000356235500005 1 9 become become VERB WOS-000356235500005 1 10 a a DET WOS-000356235500005 1 11 popular popular ADJ WOS-000356235500005 1 12 option option NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 13 in in ADP WOS-000356235500005 1 14 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 1 15 education education NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 16 reform reform NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 17 toolbox toolbox NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 18 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 1 19 giving give VERB WOS-000356235500005 1 20 parents parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 21 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 1 22 potential potential ADJ WOS-000356235500005 1 23 ability ability NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 24 to to PART WOS-000356235500005 1 25 induce induce VERB WOS-000356235500005 1 26 substantial substantial ADJ WOS-000356235500005 1 27 structural structural ADJ WOS-000356235500005 1 28 changes change NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 29 at at ADP WOS-000356235500005 1 30 their their PRON WOS-000356235500005 1 31 local local ADJ WOS-000356235500005 1 32 public public ADJ WOS-000356235500005 1 33 school school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 1 34 . . PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 2 1 this this DET WOS-000356235500005 2 2 reform reform NOUN WOS-000356235500005 2 3 approach approach NOUN WOS-000356235500005 2 4 emerged emerge VERB WOS-000356235500005 2 5 in in ADP WOS-000356235500005 2 6 california california PROPN WOS-000356235500005 2 7 during during ADP WOS-000356235500005 2 8 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 2 9 great great ADJ WOS-000356235500005 2 10 recession recession NOUN WOS-000356235500005 2 11 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 2 12 and and CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 2 13 has have AUX WOS-000356235500005 2 14 since since SCONJ WOS-000356235500005 2 15 proliferated proliferate VERB WOS-000356235500005 2 16 to to ADP WOS-000356235500005 2 17 a a DET WOS-000356235500005 2 18 number number NOUN WOS-000356235500005 2 19 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 2 20 states state NOUN WOS-000356235500005 2 21 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 2 22 spurred spur VERB WOS-000356235500005 2 23 on on ADP WOS-000356235500005 2 24 by by ADP WOS-000356235500005 2 25 policy policy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 2 26 advocates advocate NOUN WOS-000356235500005 2 27 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 2 28 philanthropic philanthropic NOUN WOS-000356235500005 2 29 funders funder NOUN WOS-000356235500005 2 30 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 2 31 and and CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 2 32 associated associate VERB WOS-000356235500005 2 33 reform reform NOUN WOS-000356235500005 2 34 organizations organization NOUN WOS-000356235500005 2 35 . . PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 3 1 these these DET WOS-000356235500005 3 2 state state NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 3 - - PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 3 4 level level NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 5 policies policy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 6 allow allow VERB WOS-000356235500005 3 7 a a DET WOS-000356235500005 3 8 majority majority NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 9 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 3 10 parents parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 11 at at ADP WOS-000356235500005 3 12 low low ADV WOS-000356235500005 3 13 - - PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 3 14 performing perform VERB WOS-000356235500005 3 15 schools school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 16 to to PART WOS-000356235500005 3 17 petition petition VERB WOS-000356235500005 3 18 to to PART WOS-000356235500005 3 19 force force VERB WOS-000356235500005 3 20 school school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 21 transformation transformation NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 22 through through ADP WOS-000356235500005 3 23 conversion conversion NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 24 to to ADP WOS-000356235500005 3 25 charter charter NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 26 school school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 27 status status NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 28 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 3 29 replacement replacement NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 30 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 3 31 school school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 32 leadership leadership NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 33 and/or and/or CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 3 34 staff staff NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 35 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 3 36 or or CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 3 37 other other ADJ WOS-000356235500005 3 38 corrective corrective ADJ WOS-000356235500005 3 39 actions action NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 40 expected expect VERB WOS-000356235500005 3 41 to to PART WOS-000356235500005 3 42 improve improve VERB WOS-000356235500005 3 43 outcomes outcome NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 44 at at ADP WOS-000356235500005 3 45 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 3 46 school school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 3 47 . . PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 4 1 purpose purpose NOUN WOS-000356235500005 4 2 : : PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 4 3 this this DET WOS-000356235500005 4 4 analysis analysis NOUN WOS-000356235500005 4 5 considers consider VERB WOS-000356235500005 4 6 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 4 7 emergence emergence NOUN WOS-000356235500005 4 8 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 4 9 evidentiary evidentiary ADJ WOS-000356235500005 4 10 basis basis NOUN WOS-000356235500005 4 11 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 4 12 and and CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 4 13 potential potential NOUN WOS-000356235500005 4 14 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 4 15 parent parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 4 16 trigger trigger NOUN WOS-000356235500005 4 17 policies policy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 4 18 . . PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 5 1 in in ADP WOS-000356235500005 5 2 particular particular ADJ WOS-000356235500005 5 3 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 5 4 we we PRON WOS-000356235500005 5 5 focus focus VERB WOS-000356235500005 5 6 on on ADP WOS-000356235500005 5 7 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 5 8 policy policy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 5 9 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 5 10 political political ADJ WOS-000356235500005 5 11 and and CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 5 12 social social ADJ WOS-000356235500005 5 13 circumstances circumstance NOUN WOS-000356235500005 5 14 in in ADP WOS-000356235500005 5 15 which which PRON WOS-000356235500005 5 16 parent parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 5 17 trigger trigger NOUN WOS-000356235500005 5 18 legislation legislation NOUN WOS-000356235500005 5 19 emerged emerge VERB WOS-000356235500005 5 20 in in ADP WOS-000356235500005 5 21 california california PROPN WOS-000356235500005 5 22 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 5 23 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 5 24 efficacy efficacy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 5 25 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 5 26 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 5 27 school school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 5 28 improvement improvement NOUN WOS-000356235500005 5 29 levers lever NOUN WOS-000356235500005 5 30 on on ADP WOS-000356235500005 5 31 which which PRON WOS-000356235500005 5 32 it it PRON WOS-000356235500005 5 33 draws draw VERB WOS-000356235500005 5 34 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 5 35 and and CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 5 36 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 5 37 underlying underlie VERB WOS-000356235500005 5 38 assumptions assumption NOUN WOS-000356235500005 5 39 about about ADP WOS-000356235500005 5 40 democratic democratic ADJ WOS-000356235500005 5 41 engagement engagement NOUN WOS-000356235500005 5 42 that that PRON WOS-000356235500005 5 43 inform inform VERB WOS-000356235500005 5 44 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 5 45 approach approach NOUN WOS-000356235500005 5 46 . . PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 6 1 research research NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 2 design design NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 3 : : PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 6 4 this this DET WOS-000356235500005 6 5 policy policy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 6 analysis analysis NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 7 draws draw VERB WOS-000356235500005 6 8 on on ADP WOS-000356235500005 6 9 multiple multiple ADJ WOS-000356235500005 6 10 forms form NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 11 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 6 12 evidence evidence NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 13 to to PART WOS-000356235500005 6 14 examine examine VERB WOS-000356235500005 6 15 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 6 16 efficacy efficacy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 17 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 6 18 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 6 19 parent parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 20 trigger trigger NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 21 approach approach NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 22 for for ADP WOS-000356235500005 6 23 school school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 24 improvement improvement NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 25 and and CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 6 26 community community NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 27 engagement engagement NOUN WOS-000356235500005 6 28 . . PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 7 1 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 7 2 initial initial ADJ WOS-000356235500005 7 3 examination examination NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 4 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 7 5 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 7 6 emergence emergence NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 7 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 7 8 parent parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 9 trigger trigger NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 10 considers consider VERB WOS-000356235500005 7 11 public public ADJ WOS-000356235500005 7 12 policy policy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 13 positions position NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 14 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 7 15 media medium NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 16 statements statement NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 17 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 7 18 and and CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 7 19 press press NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 20 accounts account NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 21 to to PART WOS-000356235500005 7 22 trace trace VERB WOS-000356235500005 7 23 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 7 24 nuances nuance NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 25 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 7 26 this this DET WOS-000356235500005 7 27 policy policy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 28 landscape landscape NOUN WOS-000356235500005 7 29 . . PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 8 1 then then ADV WOS-000356235500005 8 2 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 8 3 in in ADP WOS-000356235500005 8 4 lieu lieu NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 5 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 8 6 useful useful ADJ WOS-000356235500005 8 7 research research NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 8 evidence evidence NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 9 on on ADP WOS-000356235500005 8 10 parent parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 11 trigger trigger NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 12 itself itself PRON WOS-000356235500005 8 13 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 8 14 we we PRON WOS-000356235500005 8 15 turn turn VERB WOS-000356235500005 8 16 to to ADP WOS-000356235500005 8 17 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 8 18 research research NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 19 literature literature NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 20 on on ADP WOS-000356235500005 8 21 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 8 22 remedies remedy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 23 that that PRON WOS-000356235500005 8 24 parent parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 25 trigger trigger NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 26 tends tend VERB WOS-000356235500005 8 27 to to PART WOS-000356235500005 8 28 adopt adopt VERB WOS-000356235500005 8 29 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 8 30 including include VERB WOS-000356235500005 8 31 studies study NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 32 in in ADP WOS-000356235500005 8 33 school school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 34 choice choice NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 35 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 8 36 charter charter NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 37 schools school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 38 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 8 39 and and CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 8 40 various various ADJ WOS-000356235500005 8 41 school school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 42 improvement improvement NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 43 strategies strategy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 44 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 8 45 as as ADV WOS-000356235500005 8 46 well well ADV WOS-000356235500005 8 47 as as ADP WOS-000356235500005 8 48 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 8 49 implications implication NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 50 for for ADP WOS-000356235500005 8 51 parental parental ADJ WOS-000356235500005 8 52 empowerment empowerment NOUN WOS-000356235500005 8 53 . . PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 9 1 findings finding NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 2 : : PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 9 3 reviews review NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 4 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 9 5 extant extant ADJ WOS-000356235500005 9 6 evidence evidence NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 7 on on ADP WOS-000356235500005 9 8 policy policy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 9 remedies remedy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 10 implicit implicit ADJ WOS-000356235500005 9 11 and and CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 9 12 explicit explicit ADJ WOS-000356235500005 9 13 in in ADP WOS-000356235500005 9 14 parent parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 15 trigger trigger NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 16 indicate indicate VERB WOS-000356235500005 9 17 that that SCONJ WOS-000356235500005 9 18 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 9 19 although although SCONJ WOS-000356235500005 9 20 parent parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 21 trigger trigger NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 22 may may AUX WOS-000356235500005 9 23 have have AUX WOS-000356235500005 9 24 emerged emerge VERB WOS-000356235500005 9 25 from from ADP WOS-000356235500005 9 26 a a DET WOS-000356235500005 9 27 deep deep ADV WOS-000356235500005 9 28 - - PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 9 29 seated seat VERB WOS-000356235500005 9 30 desire desire NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 31 to to PART WOS-000356235500005 9 32 improve improve VERB WOS-000356235500005 9 33 educational educational ADJ WOS-000356235500005 9 34 opportunities opportunity NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 35 for for ADP WOS-000356235500005 9 36 disadvantaged disadvantaged ADJ WOS-000356235500005 9 37 children child NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 38 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 9 39 it it PRON WOS-000356235500005 9 40 is be AUX WOS-000356235500005 9 41 unlikely unlikely ADJ WOS-000356235500005 9 42 to to PART WOS-000356235500005 9 43 actually actually ADV WOS-000356235500005 9 44 improve improve VERB WOS-000356235500005 9 45 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 9 46 educational educational ADJ WOS-000356235500005 9 47 quality quality NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 48 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 9 49 schools school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 50 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 9 51 given give VERB WOS-000356235500005 9 52 that that SCONJ WOS-000356235500005 9 53 the the DET WOS-000356235500005 9 54 overall overall ADJ WOS-000356235500005 9 55 effects effect NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 56 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 9 57 these these DET WOS-000356235500005 9 58 policy policy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 59 interventions intervention NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 60 are be AUX WOS-000356235500005 9 61 mixed mixed ADJ WOS-000356235500005 9 62 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 9 63 at at ADP WOS-000356235500005 9 64 best well ADV WOS-000356235500005 9 65 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 9 66 and and CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 9 67 parent parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 68 trigger trigger NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 69 adds add VERB WOS-000356235500005 9 70 another another DET WOS-000356235500005 9 71 element element NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 72 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 9 73 instability instability NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 74 to to ADP WOS-000356235500005 9 75 already already ADV WOS-000356235500005 9 76 unstable unstable ADJ WOS-000356235500005 9 77 school school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 78 communities community NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 79 in in ADP WOS-000356235500005 9 80 disadvantaged disadvantaged ADJ WOS-000356235500005 9 81 areas area NOUN WOS-000356235500005 9 82 . . PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 10 1 conclusions conclusion NOUN WOS-000356235500005 10 2 / / SYM WOS-000356235500005 10 3 recommendations recommendation NOUN WOS-000356235500005 10 4 : : PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 10 5 our our PRON WOS-000356235500005 10 6 analysis analysis NOUN WOS-000356235500005 10 7 suggests suggest VERB WOS-000356235500005 10 8 that that SCONJ WOS-000356235500005 10 9 parent parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 10 10 trigger trigger NOUN WOS-000356235500005 10 11 tends tend VERB WOS-000356235500005 10 12 to to PART WOS-000356235500005 10 13 assume assume VERB WOS-000356235500005 10 14 an an DET WOS-000356235500005 10 15 aggregative aggregative ADJ WOS-000356235500005 10 16 model model NOUN WOS-000356235500005 10 17 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 10 18 democratic democratic ADJ WOS-000356235500005 10 19 action action NOUN WOS-000356235500005 10 20 drawn draw VERB WOS-000356235500005 10 21 from from ADP WOS-000356235500005 10 22 a a DET WOS-000356235500005 10 23 market market NOUN WOS-000356235500005 10 24 - - PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 10 25 style style NOUN WOS-000356235500005 10 26 economic economic ADJ WOS-000356235500005 10 27 premise premise NOUN WOS-000356235500005 10 28 . . PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 11 1 unless unless SCONJ WOS-000356235500005 11 2 policy policy NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 3 makers maker NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 4 promote promote VERB WOS-000356235500005 11 5 a a DET WOS-000356235500005 11 6 more more ADV WOS-000356235500005 11 7 deliberative deliberative ADJ WOS-000356235500005 11 8 model model NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 9 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 11 10 community community NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 11 engagement engagement NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 12 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 11 13 empowerment empowerment NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 14 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 11 15 and and CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 11 16 school school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 17 governance governance NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 18 , , PUNCT WOS-000356235500005 11 19 it it PRON WOS-000356235500005 11 20 is be AUX WOS-000356235500005 11 21 likely likely ADJ WOS-000356235500005 11 22 that that SCONJ WOS-000356235500005 11 23 parent parent NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 24 trigger trigger NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 25 could could AUX WOS-000356235500005 11 26 contribute contribute VERB WOS-000356235500005 11 27 to to ADP WOS-000356235500005 11 28 continual continual ADJ WOS-000356235500005 11 29 corruption corruption NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 30 of of ADP WOS-000356235500005 11 31 democratic democratic ADJ WOS-000356235500005 11 32 institutions institution NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 33 and and CCONJ WOS-000356235500005 11 34 avenues avenue NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 35 for for ADP WOS-000356235500005 11 36 school school NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 37 governance governance NOUN WOS-000356235500005 11 38 . . PUNCT