id sid tid token lemma pos RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 1 federal federal ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 2 courts court NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 3 have have AUX RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 4 consistently consistently ADV RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 5 rejected reject VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 6 plaintiffs plaintiff NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 7 ' ' PART RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 8 arguments argument NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 9 that that SCONJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 10 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 11 government government NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 12 is be AUX RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 13 liable liable ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 14 when when SCONJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 15 citizens citizen NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 16 suffer suffer VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 17 injuries injury NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 18 at at ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 19 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 20 hands hand NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 21 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 22 private private ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 23 third third ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 24 parties party NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 1 25 . . PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 1 in in ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 2 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 3 context context NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 4 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 5 education education NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 6 , , PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 7 there there PRON RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 8 are be VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 9 few few ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 10 cases case NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 11 where where SCONJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 12 federal federal ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 13 courts court NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 14 have have AUX RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 15 held hold VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 16 that that SCONJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 17 schools school NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 18 are be AUX RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 19 liable liable ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 20 for for ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 21 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 22 injuries injury NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 23 that that PRON RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 24 students student NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 25 incur incur VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 26 at at ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 27 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 28 hands hand NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 29 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 30 private private ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 31 third third ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 32 parties party NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 2 33 . . PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 1 this this DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 2 article article NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 3 puts put VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 4 forth forth ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 5 a a DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 6 theoretical theoretical ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 7 argument argument NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 8 for for ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 9 schools school NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 10 , , PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 11 specifically specifically ADV RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 12 schools school NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 13 operating operate VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 14 under under ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 15 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 16 governance governance NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 17 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 18 a a DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 19 state state NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 20 takeover takeover NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 21 district district NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 22 in in ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 23 a a DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 24 predominately predominately ADV RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 25 black black ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 26 school school NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 27 district district NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 28 with with ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 29 a a DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 30 predominately predominately ADV RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 31 black black ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 32 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 33 elected elect VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 34 school school NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 35 board board NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 36 , , PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 37 to to PART RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 38 be be AUX RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 39 held hold VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 40 liable liable ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 41 for for ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 42 participating participate VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 43 in in ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 44 disciplinary disciplinary ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 45 practices practice NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 46 that that PRON RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 47 are be AUX RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 48 linked link VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 49 to to ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 50 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 51 school school NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 52 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 53 to to ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 54 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 55 prison prison NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 56 pipeline pipeline NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 3 57 . . PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 1 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 2 article article NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 3 first first ADV RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 4 traces trace VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 5 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 6 roots root NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 7 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 8 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 9 state state NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 10 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 11 created create VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 12 danger danger NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 13 doctrine doctrine NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 14 and and CCONJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 15 then then ADV RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 16 discusses discuss VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 17 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 18 role role NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 19 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 20 education education NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 21 reform reform NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 22 policies policy NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 23 in in ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 24 enabling enable VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 25 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 26 school school NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 27 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 28 to to ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 29 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 30 prison prison NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 31 pipeline pipeline NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 4 32 . . PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 1 next next ADV RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 2 , , PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 3 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 4 article article NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 5 provides provide VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 6 a a DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 7 statistical statistical ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 8 analysis analysis NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 9 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 10 three three NUM RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 11 case case NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 12 studies study NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 13 in in ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 14 state state NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 15 takeover takeover NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 16 districts district NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 17 ( ( PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 18 detroit detroit PROPN RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 19 , , PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 20 memphis memphis PROPN RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 21 , , PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 22 and and CCONJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 23 new new ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 24 orleans orleans PROPN RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 25 ) ) PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 5 26 . . PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 1 my my PRON RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 2 research research NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 3 found find VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 4 no no DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 5 instances instance NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 6 where where SCONJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 7 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 8 state state NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 9 takeover takeover NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 10 district district NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 11 disrupted disrupt VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 12 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 13 school school NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 14 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 15 to to ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 16 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 17 prison prison NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 18 pipeline pipeline NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 19 , , PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 20 but but CCONJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 21 i i PRON RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 22 discovered discover VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 23 multiple multiple ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 24 instances instance NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 25 where where SCONJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 26 state state NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 27 takeover takeover NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 28 districts district NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 29 have have AUX RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 30 exacerbated exacerbate VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 31 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 32 school school NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 33 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 34 to to ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 35 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 36 prison prison NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 37 pipeline pipeline NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 6 38 . . PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 1 in in ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 2 this this DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 3 article article NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 4 i i PRON RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 5 argue argue VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 6 that that SCONJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 7 there there PRON RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 8 is be VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 9 hope hope NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 10 in in ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 11 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 12 sixth sixth ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 13 circuit circuit NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 14 ( ( PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 15 detroit detroit PROPN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 16 and and CCONJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 17 memphis memphis PROPN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 18 ) ) PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 19 for for ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 20 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 21 use use NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 22 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 23 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 24 state state NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 25 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 26 created create VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 27 danger danger NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 28 doctrine doctrine NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 29 , , PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 30 which which PRON RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 31 grows grow VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 32 out out ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 33 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 34 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 35 fourteenth fourteenth ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 36 amendment amendment NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 37 's 's PART RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 38 due due ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 39 process process NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 40 clause clause NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 41 , , PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 42 to to PART RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 43 mitigate mitigate VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 44 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 45 school school NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 46 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 47 to to ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 48 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 49 prison prison NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 50 pipeline pipeline NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 7 51 . . PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 1 however however ADV RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 2 , , PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 3 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 4 fifth fifth ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 5 circuit circuit NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 6 ( ( PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 7 new new PROPN RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 8 orleans orleans PROPN RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 9 ) ) PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 10 appears appear VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 11 to to PART RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 12 have have AUX RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 13 foreclosed foreclose VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 14 legal legal ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 15 causes cause NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 16 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 17 action action NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 18 based base VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 19 on on ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 20 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 21 state state NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 22 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 23 created create VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 24 danger danger NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 25 doctrine doctrine NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 8 26 . . PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 1 finally finally ADV RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 2 , , PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 3 this this DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 4 article article NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 5 provides provide VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 6 a a DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 7 critical critical ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 8 race race NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 9 critique critique NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 10 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 11 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 12 school school NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 13 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 14 to to ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 15 - - PUNCT RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 16 prison prison NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 17 pipeline pipeline NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 18 and and CCONJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 19 the the DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 20 few few ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 21 tools tool NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 22 that that PRON RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 23 black black ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 24 people people NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 25 have have VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 26 to to PART RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 27 combat combat VERB RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 28 this this DET RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 29 form form NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 30 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 31 racial racial ADJ RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 32 subjugation subjugation NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 33 in in ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 34 light light NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 35 of of ADP RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 36 education education NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 37 reform reform NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 38 policies policy NOUN RefID-331-nelson2018state 9 39 . . PUNCT