id sid tid token lemma pos RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 1 background background NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 2 with with ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 3 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 4 expansion expansion NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 5 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 6 charter charter NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 7 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 8 networks network NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 9 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 10 population population NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 11 losses loss NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 12 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 13 urban urban ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 14 district district NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 15 schools school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 16 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 17 stretched stretch VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 18 budgets budget NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 19 have have AUX RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 20 encouraged encourage VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 21 struggling struggle VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 22 districts district NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 23 to to PART RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 24 adopt adopt VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 25 closure closure NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 26 - - PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 27 as as ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 28 - - PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 29 reform reform NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 1 30 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 1 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 2 closings closing NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 3 have have AUX RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 4 received receive VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 5 considerable considerable ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 6 attention attention NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 7 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 8 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 9 media medium NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 10 as as ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 11 a a DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 12 controversial controversial ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 13 reform reform NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 14 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 15 reconfiguring reconfigure VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 16 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 17 educational educational ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 18 landscapes landscape NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 19 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 20 over over ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 21 70 70 NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 22 post post ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 23 - - ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 24 industrial industrial ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 25 cities city NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 26 like like ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 27 chicago chicago PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 28 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 29 detroit detroit PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 30 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 31 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 32 new new ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 33 orleans orleans PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 2 34 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 1 however however ADV RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 2 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 3 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 4 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 5 last last ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 6 decade decade NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 7 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 8 few few ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 9 scholars scholar NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 10 have have AUX RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 11 considered consider VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 12 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 13 project project NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 14 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 15 examining examine VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 16 closures closure NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 17 — — PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 18 their their PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 19 process process NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 20 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 21 their their PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 22 effects effect NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 23 — — PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 24 empirically empirically ADV RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 3 25 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 1 purpose purpose NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 2 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 3 this this DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 4 article article NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 5 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 6 we we PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 7 examine examine VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 8 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 9 rollout rollout NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 10 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 11 30 30 NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 12 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 13 closures closure NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 14 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 15 philadelphia philadelphia PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 16 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 17 2012 2012 NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 18 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 19 2013 2013 NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 20 to to PART RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 21 explain explain VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 22 how how SCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 23 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 24 closures closure NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 25 have have AUX RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 26 become become VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 27 yet yet ADV RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 28 another another DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 29 policy policy NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 30 technology technology NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 31 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 32 black black ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 33 community community NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 34 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 35 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 36 devaluation devaluation NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 37 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 38 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 39 united united PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 40 states states PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 4 41 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 1 moving move VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 2 beyond beyond ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 3 educational educational ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 4 studies study NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 5 that that PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 6 have have AUX RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 7 focused focus VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 8 on on ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 9 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 10 outcomes outcome NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 11 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 12 mass mass ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 13 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 14 closures closure NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 15 like like ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 16 student student NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 17 achievement achievement NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 18 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 19 cost cost NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 20 savings saving NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 21 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 22 we we PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 23 argue argue VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 24 that that SCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 25 a a DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 26 thorough thorough ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 27 theorization theorization NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 28 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 29 how how SCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 30 race race NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 31 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 32 violence violence NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 33 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 34 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 35 community community NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 36 values value NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 37 relate relate VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 38 to to ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 39 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 40 closure closure NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 41 as as SCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 42 process process NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 43 could could AUX RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 44 help help VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 45 to to PART RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 46 explain explain VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 47 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 48 ways way NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 49 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 50 which which PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 51 contemporary contemporary ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 52 educational educational ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 53 policy policy NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 54 reforms reform NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 55 are be AUX RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 56 creating create VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 57 new new ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 58 modes mode NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 59 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 60 communal communal ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 61 disposability disposability NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 62 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 63 cities city NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 64 ’ ’ PART RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 65 poorest poor ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 66 zip zip NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 67 codes code NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 5 68 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 1 setting set VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 2 / / SYM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 3 participants participant NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 4 data datum NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 5 collection collection NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 6 occurred occur VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 7 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 8 two two NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 9 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 10 high high ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 11 schools school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 12 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 13 philadelphia philadelphia PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 14 slated slate VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 15 for for ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 16 closure closure NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 17 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 18 2012 2012 NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 19 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 20 2013 2013 NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 21 : : PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 22 johnson johnson PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 23 high high PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 24 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 25 franklin franklin PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 26 high high PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 6 27 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 1 participants participant NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 2 at at ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 3 both both DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 4 schools school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 5 included include VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 6 students student NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 7 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 8 teachers teacher NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 9 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 10 parents parent NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 11 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 12 community community NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 13 members member NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 14 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 15 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 16 district district NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 17 officials official NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 7 18 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 1 research research NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 2 design design NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 3 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 4 authors author NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 5 spent spend VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 6 several several ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 7 years year NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 8 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 9 their their PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 10 respective respective ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 11 schools school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 12 recording record VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 13 observations observation NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 14 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 15 instructional instructional ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 16 practice practice NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 17 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 18 community community NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 19 meetings meeting NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 20 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 21 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 22 district district NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 23 events event NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 24 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 25 interviewing interview VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 26 key key ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 27 informants informant NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 28 such such ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 29 as as ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 30 students student NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 31 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 32 teachers teacher NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 33 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 34 administrators administrator NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 35 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 36 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 37 district district NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 38 officials official NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 8 39 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 1 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 2 first first ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 3 author author NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 4 spent spend VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 5 three three NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 6 years year NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 7 at at ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 8 johnson johnson PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 9 high high PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 10 school school PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 11 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 12 from from ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 13 september september PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 14 2011 2011 NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 15 to to ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 16 june june PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 17 2013 2013 NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 9 18 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 1 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 2 second second ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 3 author author NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 4 spent spend VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 5 five five NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 6 years year NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 7 at at ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 8 franklin franklin PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 9 high high PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 10 school school PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 11 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 12 from from ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 13 september september PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 14 2008 2008 NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 15 to to ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 16 june june PROPN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 17 2013 2013 NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 10 18 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 1 she she PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 2 also also ADV RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 3 spent spend VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 4 hundreds hundred NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 5 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 6 hours hour NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 7 at at ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 8 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 9 high high ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 10 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 11 examining examine VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 12 archival archival NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 13 materials material NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 14 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 15 interviewing interview VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 16 students student NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 17 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 18 teachers teacher NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 19 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 20 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 21 alumni alumnus NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 22 about about ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 23 their their PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 24 experiences experience NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 25 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 26 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 27 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 28 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 29 community community NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 11 30 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 1 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 2 addition addition NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 3 to to ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 4 their their PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 5 individual individual ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 6 case case NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 7 studies study NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 8 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 9 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 10 authors author NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 11 jointly jointly ADV RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 12 transcribed transcribe VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 13 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 14 coded code VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 15 over over ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 16 two two NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 17 dozen dozen NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 18 community community NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 19 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 20 district district NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 21 meetings meeting NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 22 ’ ’ PART RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 23 video video NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 24 recordings recording NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 25 during during ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 26 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 27 2012 2012 NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 28 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 29 2013 2013 NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 30 closures closure NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 12 31 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 1 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 2 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 3 aftermath aftermath NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 4 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 5 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 6 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 7 closures closure NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 8 process process NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 9 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 10 we we PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 11 used use VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 12 a a DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 13 comparative comparative ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 14 ethnographic ethnographic ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 15 method method NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 16 to to PART RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 17 compare compare VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 18 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 19 contrast contrast VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 20 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 21 events event NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 22 that that PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 23 occurred occur VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 24 at at ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 25 these these DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 26 two two NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 27 schools school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 13 28 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 1 findings finding NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 2 suturing suture VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 3 anthropologies anthropology NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 4 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 5 violence violence NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 6 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 7 education education NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 8 to to PART RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 9 frame frame VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 10 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 11 analysis analysis NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 12 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 13 we we PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 14 explore explore VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 15 moments moment NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 16 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 17 collision collision NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 18 between between ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 19 policy policy NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 20 discourses discourse NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 21 deployed deploy VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 22 by by ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 23 state state NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 24 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 25 local local ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 26 officials official NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 27 that that PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 28 crafted craft VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 29 closures closure NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 30 as as ADV RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 31 inevitable inevitable ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 32 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 33 threatened threatened ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 34 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 35 communities community NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 36 ’ ’ PART RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 37 articulations articulation NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 38 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 39 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 40 racialized racialized ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 41 implications implication NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 42 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 43 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 44 closures closure NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 14 45 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 1 we we PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 2 further far ADV RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 3 localize localize VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 4 our our PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 5 analysis analysis NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 6 to to PART RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 7 demonstrate demonstrate VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 8 how how SCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 9 two two NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 10 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 11 communities community NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 12 — — PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 13 one one NUM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 14 majority majority NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 15 asian asian ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 16 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 17 another another DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 18 majority majority NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 19 black black NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 20 — — PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 21 with with ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 22 similar similar ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 23 performances performance NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 24 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 25 characteristics characteristic NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 26 met meet VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 27 dramatically dramatically ADV RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 28 different different ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 29 fates fate NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 15 30 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 1 given give VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 2 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 3 lack lack NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 4 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 5 transparency transparency NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 6 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 7 how how SCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 8 decisions decision NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 9 were be AUX RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 10 made make VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 11 around around ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 12 which which DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 13 schools school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 14 to to PART RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 15 close close VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 16 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 17 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 18 ways way NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 19 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 20 which which PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 21 these these DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 22 communities community NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 23 read read VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 24 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 25 responded respond VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 26 to to ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 27 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 28 closure closure NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 29 threat threat NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 30 offer offer VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 31 a a DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 32 window window NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 33 into into ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 34 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 35 ways way NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 36 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 37 which which PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 38 race race NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 39 informed inform VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 40 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 41 valuation valuation NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 42 process process NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 43 across across ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 44 schools school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 16 45 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 1 conclusions conclusion NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 2 / / SYM RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 3 recommendations recommendation NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 4 we we PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 5 conclude conclude VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 6 with with ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 7 a a DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 8 plea plea NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 9 to to ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 10 state state NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 11 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 12 federal federal ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 13 policymakers policymaker NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 14 to to PART RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 15 consider consider VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 16 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 17 long long ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 18 - - PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 19 term term NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 20 ramifications ramification NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 21 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 22 school school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 23 choice choice NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 24 expansion expansion NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 25 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 26 state state NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 27 disinvestment disinvestment NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 28 for for ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 29 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 30 health health NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 31 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 32 stability stability NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 33 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 34 traditional traditional ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 35 public public ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 36 schools school NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 17 37 . . PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 1 we we PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 2 encourage encourage VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 3 policymakers policymaker NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 4 to to PART RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 5 move move VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 6 in in ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 7 a a DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 8 more more ADV RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 9 reparative reparative ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 10 direction direction NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 11 , , PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 12 prioritizing prioritize VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 13 the the DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 14 needs need NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 15 of of ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 16 those those DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 17 “ " PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 18 unchosen unchosen ADJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 19 ” " PUNCT RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 20 by by ADP RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 21 choice choice NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 22 and and CCONJ RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 23 imagining imagine VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 24 a a DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 25 system system NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 26 that that PRON RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 27 might might AUX RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 28 serve serve VERB RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 29 all all DET RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 30 students student NOUN RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 31 more more ADV RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 32 equitably equitably ADV RefID-1062-mcwilliams2019mass 18 33 . . PUNCT