id sid tid token lemma pos news-007968 1 1 astrophysicists astrophysicist NOUN news-007968 1 2 find find VERB news-007968 1 3 evidence evidence NOUN news-007968 1 4 for for ADP news-007968 1 5 the the DET news-007968 1 6 presence presence NOUN news-007968 1 7 of of ADP news-007968 1 8 the the DET news-007968 1 9 first first ADJ news-007968 1 10 stars star NOUN news-007968 1 11 | | ADP news-007968 1 12 news news NOUN news-007968 1 13 | | PROPN news-007968 1 14 notre notre PROPN news-007968 1 15 dame dame PROPN news-007968 1 16 news news PROPN news-007968 1 17 | | PROPN news-007968 1 18 university university PROPN news-007968 1 19 of of ADP news-007968 1 20 notre notre PROPN news-007968 1 21 dame dame PROPN news-007968 1 22 skip skip VERB news-007968 1 23 to to ADP news-007968 1 24 content content NOUN news-007968 1 25 skip skip VERB news-007968 1 26 to to ADP news-007968 1 27 navigation navigation NOUN news-007968 1 28 skip skip VERB news-007968 1 29 to to PART news-007968 1 30 search search VERB news-007968 1 31 university university PROPN news-007968 1 32 of of ADP news-007968 1 33 notre notre PROPN news-007968 1 34 dame dame PROPN news-007968 1 35 notre notre PROPN news-007968 1 36 dame dame PROPN news-007968 1 37 news news PROPN news-007968 1 38 experts expert NOUN news-007968 1 39 nd nd PROPN news-007968 1 40 in in ADP news-007968 1 41 the the DET news-007968 1 42 news news NOUN news-007968 1 43 subscribe subscribe NOUN news-007968 1 44 about about ADP news-007968 1 45 us us PROPN news-007968 1 46 home home NOUN news-007968 1 47 contact contact NOUN news-007968 1 48 search search NOUN news-007968 1 49 menu menu NOUN news-007968 1 50 home home NOUN news-007968 1 51 › › X news-007968 1 52 news news NOUN news-007968 1 53 › › ADP news-007968 1 54 astrophysicists astrophysicist NOUN news-007968 1 55 find find VERB news-007968 1 56 evidence evidence NOUN news-007968 1 57 for for ADP news-007968 1 58 the the DET news-007968 1 59 presence presence NOUN news-007968 1 60 of of ADP news-007968 1 61 the the DET news-007968 1 62 first first ADJ news-007968 1 63 stars star NOUN news-007968 1 64 astrophysicists astrophysicist NOUN news-007968 1 65 find find VERB news-007968 1 66 evidence evidence NOUN news-007968 1 67 for for ADP news-007968 1 68 the the DET news-007968 1 69 presence presence NOUN news-007968 1 70 of of ADP news-007968 1 71 the the DET news-007968 1 72 first first ADJ news-007968 1 73 stars star NOUN news-007968 1 74 published publish VERB news-007968 1 75 : : PUNCT news-007968 1 76 october october PROPN news-007968 1 77 05 05 NUM news-007968 1 78 , , PUNCT news-007968 1 79 2022 2022 NUM news-007968 1 80 author author NOUN news-007968 1 81 : : PUNCT news-007968 1 82 deanna deanna PROPN news-007968 1 83 csomo csomo PROPN news-007968 1 84 ferrell ferrell PROPN news-007968 1 85 nd nd PROPN news-007968 1 86 experts experts PROPN news-007968 1 87 timothy timothy PROPN news-007968 1 88 beers beers PROPN news-007968 1 89 professor professor NOUN news-007968 1 90 , , PUNCT news-007968 1 91 notre notre PROPN news-007968 1 92 dame dame NOUN news-007968 1 93 chair chair NOUN news-007968 1 94 in in ADP news-007968 1 95 astrophysics astrophysic NOUN news-007968 1 96 stars star VERB news-007968 1 97 an an DET news-007968 1 98 international international ADJ news-007968 1 99 group group NOUN news-007968 1 100 of of ADP news-007968 1 101 researchers researcher NOUN news-007968 1 102 , , PUNCT news-007968 1 103 including include VERB news-007968 1 104 a a DET news-007968 1 105 professor professor NOUN news-007968 1 106 at at ADP news-007968 1 107 the the DET news-007968 1 108 university university PROPN news-007968 1 109 of of ADP news-007968 1 110 notre notre PROPN news-007968 1 111 dame dame NOUN news-007968 1 112 , , PUNCT news-007968 1 113 has have AUX news-007968 1 114 found find VERB news-007968 1 115 evidence evidence NOUN news-007968 1 116 for for ADP news-007968 1 117 the the DET news-007968 1 118 earliest early ADJ news-007968 1 119 stars star NOUN news-007968 1 120 in in ADP news-007968 1 121 the the DET news-007968 1 122 universe universe NOUN news-007968 1 123 , , PUNCT news-007968 1 124 called call VERB news-007968 1 125 population population PROPN news-007968 1 126 iii iii PROPN news-007968 1 127 ( ( PUNCT news-007968 1 128 pop pop NOUN news-007968 1 129 iii iii NOUN news-007968 1 130 ) ) PUNCT news-007968 1 131 stars star NOUN news-007968 1 132 , , PUNCT news-007968 1 133 in in ADP news-007968 1 134 the the DET news-007968 1 135 spectrum spectrum NOUN news-007968 1 136 of of ADP news-007968 1 137 a a DET news-007968 1 138 distant distant ADJ news-007968 1 139 quasar quasar PROPN news-007968 1 140 . . PUNCT news-007968 2 1 the the DET news-007968 2 2 paper paper NOUN news-007968 2 3     SPACE news-007968 2 4 was be AUX news-007968 2 5 published publish VERB news-007968 2 6 in in ADP news-007968 2 7 september september PROPN news-007968 2 8 in in ADP news-007968 2 9 the the DET news-007968 2 10 astrophysical astrophysical ADJ news-007968 2 11 journal journal NOUN news-007968 2 12 . . PUNCT news-007968 3 1 researchers researcher NOUN news-007968 3 2     SPACE news-007968 3 3 in in ADP news-007968 3 4 this this DET news-007968 3 5 international international ADJ news-007968 3 6 collaboration collaboration NOUN news-007968 3 7 led lead VERB news-007968 3 8 by by ADP news-007968 3 9 yuzuru yuzuru PROPN news-007968 3 10 yoshii yoshii PROPN news-007968 3 11 , , PUNCT news-007968 3 12 professor professor NOUN news-007968 3 13 at at ADP news-007968 3 14 the the DET news-007968 3 15 university university NOUN news-007968 3 16     SPACE news-007968 3 17 of of ADP news-007968 3 18 tokyo tokyo PROPN news-007968 3 19 and and CCONJ news-007968 3 20 laureate laureate PROPN news-007968 3 21 professor professor NOUN news-007968 3 22 at at ADP news-007968 3 23 the the DET news-007968 3 24 university university PROPN news-007968 3 25 of of ADP news-007968 3 26 arizona arizona PROPN news-007968 3 27 , , PUNCT news-007968 3 28 and and CCONJ news-007968 3 29     SPACE news-007968 3 30 timothy timothy PROPN news-007968 3 31 beers beers PROPN news-007968 3 32 , , PUNCT news-007968 3 33     SPACE news-007968 3 34 the the DET news-007968 3 35 grace grace NOUN news-007968 3 36 - - PUNCT news-007968 3 37 rupley rupley NOUN news-007968 3 38 professor professor NOUN news-007968 3 39 of of ADP news-007968 3 40 physics physics PROPN news-007968 3 41 at at ADP news-007968 3 42 notre notre PROPN news-007968 3 43 dame dame NOUN news-007968 3 44 , , PUNCT news-007968 3 45 discovered discover VERB news-007968 3 46 that that SCONJ news-007968 3 47 a a DET news-007968 3 48 distant distant ADJ news-007968 3 49 quasar quasar PROPN news-007968 3 50 was be AUX news-007968 3 51 highly highly ADV news-007968 3 52 enriched enriched ADJ news-007968 3 53 with with ADP news-007968 3 54 iron iron NOUN news-007968 3 55 , , PUNCT news-007968 3 56 leading lead VERB news-007968 3 57 to to ADP news-007968 3 58 an an DET news-007968 3 59 extremely extremely ADV news-007968 3 60 low low ADJ news-007968 3 61 magnesium magnesium NOUN news-007968 3 62 to to PART news-007968 3 63 iron iron NOUN news-007968 3 64 ratio ratio NOUN news-007968 3 65 . . PUNCT news-007968 4 1 the the DET news-007968 4 2 most most ADV news-007968 4 3 likely likely ADJ news-007968 4 4 explanation explanation NOUN news-007968 4 5 for for ADP news-007968 4 6     SPACE news-007968 4 7 this this DET news-007968 4 8 ratio ratio NOUN news-007968 4 9 of of ADP news-007968 4 10 magnesium magnesium NOUN news-007968 4 11 to to PART news-007968 4 12 iron iron VERB news-007968 4 13 in in ADP news-007968 4 14 the the DET news-007968 4 15 quasar quasar PROPN news-007968 4 16 is be AUX news-007968 4 17 that that SCONJ news-007968 4 18 it it PRON news-007968 4 19 was be AUX news-007968 4 20 produced produce VERB news-007968 4 21 by by ADP news-007968 4 22 an an DET news-007968 4 23 exotic exotic ADJ news-007968 4 24 supernova supernova PROPN news-007968 4 25 , , PUNCT news-007968 4 26 called call VERB news-007968 4 27 a a DET news-007968 4 28 pair pair NOUN news-007968 4 29 - - PUNCT news-007968 4 30 instability instability NOUN news-007968 4 31 supernova supernova PROPN news-007968 4 32 ( ( PUNCT news-007968 4 33 pisn pisn PROPN news-007968 4 34 ) ) PUNCT news-007968 4 35 . . PUNCT news-007968 5 1 “ " PUNCT news-007968 5 2 stars star NOUN news-007968 5 3 that that PRON news-007968 5 4 undergo undergo VERB news-007968 5 5 a a DET news-007968 5 6 pisn pisn ADJ news-007968 5 7 explosion explosion NOUN news-007968 5 8 may may AUX news-007968 5 9 be be AUX news-007968 5 10 among among ADP news-007968 5 11 the the DET news-007968 5 12 first first ADJ news-007968 5 13 to to PART news-007968 5 14 have have AUX news-007968 5 15 been be AUX news-007968 5 16 born bear VERB news-007968 5 17 , , PUNCT news-007968 5 18 and and CCONJ news-007968 5 19 be be AUX news-007968 5 20 responsible responsible ADJ news-007968 5 21 for for ADP news-007968 5 22 the the DET news-007968 5 23 rapid rapid ADJ news-007968 5 24 enrichment enrichment NOUN news-007968 5 25 of of ADP news-007968 5 26 distant distant ADJ news-007968 5 27 galaxies galaxy NOUN news-007968 5 28 now now ADV news-007968 5 29 being be AUX news-007968 5 30 studied study VERB news-007968 5 31 with with ADP news-007968 5 32 the the DET news-007968 5 33 james james PROPN news-007968 5 34 webb webb PROPN news-007968 5 35 space space PROPN news-007968 5 36 telescope telescope NOUN news-007968 5 37 , , PUNCT news-007968 5 38 ” " PUNCT news-007968 5 39 beers beer NOUN news-007968 5 40 said say VERB news-007968 5 41 . . PUNCT news-007968 6 1 though though SCONJ news-007968 6 2 predicted predict VERB news-007968 6 3 theoretically theoretically ADV news-007968 6 4 , , PUNCT news-007968 6 5 until until ADP news-007968 6 6 now now ADV news-007968 6 7 convincing convince VERB news-007968 6 8 evidence evidence NOUN news-007968 6 9 for for ADP news-007968 6 10 pop pop NOUN news-007968 6 11 iii iii NUM news-007968 6 12 stars star NOUN news-007968 6 13 had have AUX news-007968 6 14 not not PART news-007968 6 15 been be AUX news-007968 6 16 found find VERB news-007968 6 17 , , PUNCT news-007968 6 18 even even ADV news-007968 6 19 though though SCONJ news-007968 6 20 astronomers astronomer NOUN news-007968 6 21 have have AUX news-007968 6 22 been be AUX news-007968 6 23 interested interested ADJ news-007968 6 24 in in ADP news-007968 6 25 the the DET news-007968 6 26 possible possible ADJ news-007968 6 27 existence existence NOUN news-007968 6 28 of of ADP news-007968 6 29 these these DET news-007968 6 30 stars star NOUN news-007968 6 31 for for ADP news-007968 6 32 decades decade NOUN news-007968 6 33 . . PUNCT news-007968 7 1 researchers researcher NOUN news-007968 7 2 had have AUX news-007968 7 3 sought seek VERB news-007968 7 4 chemical chemical ADJ news-007968 7 5 evidence evidence NOUN news-007968 7 6 for for ADP news-007968 7 7 a a DET news-007968 7 8 previous previous ADJ news-007968 7 9 generation generation NOUN news-007968 7 10 of of ADP news-007968 7 11 such such ADJ news-007968 7 12 stars star NOUN news-007968 7 13 in in ADP news-007968 7 14 the the DET news-007968 7 15 halo halo NOUN news-007968 7 16 of of ADP news-007968 7 17 the the DET news-007968 7 18 milky milky ADJ news-007968 7 19 way way NOUN news-007968 7 20 , , PUNCT news-007968 7 21 with with ADP news-007968 7 22 at at ADV news-007968 7 23 least least ADV news-007968 7 24 one one NUM news-007968 7 25 tentative tentative ADJ news-007968 7 26 identification identification NOUN news-007968 7 27 discovered discover VERB news-007968 7 28 , , PUNCT news-007968 7 29 beers beer NOUN news-007968 7 30 said say VERB news-007968 7 31 . . PUNCT news-007968 8 1 yoshii yoshii PROPN news-007968 8 2 said say VERB news-007968 8 3 he he PRON news-007968 8 4 has have AUX news-007968 8 5 been be AUX news-007968 8 6 interested interested ADJ news-007968 8 7 in in ADP news-007968 8 8 the the DET news-007968 8 9 nature nature NOUN news-007968 8 10 of of ADP news-007968 8 11 the the DET news-007968 8 12 very very ADV news-007968 8 13 first first ADJ news-007968 8 14 stars star NOUN news-007968 8 15 born bear VERB news-007968 8 16 in in ADP news-007968 8 17 the the DET news-007968 8 18 universe universe NOUN news-007968 8 19 for for ADP news-007968 8 20 his his PRON news-007968 8 21 entire entire ADJ news-007968 8 22 career career NOUN news-007968 8 23 . . PUNCT news-007968 9 1 “ " PUNCT news-007968 9 2 it it PRON news-007968 9 3 has have AUX news-007968 9 4 been be AUX news-007968 9 5 a a DET news-007968 9 6 lifelong lifelong ADJ news-007968 9 7 dream dream NOUN news-007968 9 8 of of ADP news-007968 9 9 mine mine NOUN news-007968 9 10 that that SCONJ news-007968 9 11 we we PRON news-007968 9 12 might might AUX news-007968 9 13 actually actually ADV news-007968 9 14 study study VERB news-007968 9 15 the the DET news-007968 9 16 nature nature NOUN news-007968 9 17 of of ADP news-007968 9 18 the the DET news-007968 9 19 first first ADJ news-007968 9 20 stars star NOUN news-007968 9 21 from from ADP news-007968 9 22 observations observation NOUN news-007968 9 23 , , PUNCT news-007968 9 24 and and CCONJ news-007968 9 25 now now ADV news-007968 9 26 it it PRON news-007968 9 27 appears appear VERB news-007968 9 28 to to PART news-007968 9 29 be be AUX news-007968 9 30 coming come VERB news-007968 9 31 true true ADJ news-007968 9 32 , , PUNCT news-007968 9 33 ” " PUNCT news-007968 9 34 he he PRON news-007968 9 35 said say VERB news-007968 9 36 . . PUNCT news-007968 10 1 however however ADV news-007968 10 2 , , PUNCT news-007968 10 3 “ " PUNCT news-007968 10 4 the the DET news-007968 10 5 clearest clear ADJ news-007968 10 6 signature signature NOUN news-007968 10 7 of of ADP news-007968 10 8 a a DET news-007968 10 9 pisn pisn ADJ news-007968 10 10 is be AUX news-007968 10 11 probably probably ADV news-007968 10 12 the the DET news-007968 10 13 extremely extremely ADV news-007968 10 14 low low ADJ news-007968 10 15 magnesium magnesium NOUN news-007968 10 16 / / SYM news-007968 10 17 iron iron NOUN news-007968 10 18 abundance abundance NOUN news-007968 10 19 ratio ratio NOUN news-007968 10 20 found find VERB news-007968 10 21 in in ADP news-007968 10 22 the the DET news-007968 10 23 quasar quasar PROPN news-007968 10 24 that that PRON news-007968 10 25 is be AUX news-007968 10 26 the the DET news-007968 10 27 subject subject NOUN news-007968 10 28 of of ADP news-007968 10 29 this this DET news-007968 10 30 study study NOUN news-007968 10 31 , , PUNCT news-007968 10 32 ” " PUNCT news-007968 10 33 beers beer NOUN news-007968 10 34 said say VERB news-007968 10 35 . . PUNCT news-007968 11 1 pisn pisn PROPN news-007968 11 2 supernovae supernovae NOUN news-007968 11 3 are be AUX news-007968 11 4 associated associate VERB news-007968 11 5 with with ADP news-007968 11 6 stars star NOUN news-007968 11 7 that that PRON news-007968 11 8 are be AUX news-007968 11 9 150 150 NUM news-007968 11 10 to to PART news-007968 11 11 300 300 NUM news-007968 11 12 times time NOUN news-007968 11 13 the the DET news-007968 11 14 mass mass NOUN news-007968 11 15 of of ADP news-007968 11 16 the the DET news-007968 11 17 sun sun NOUN news-007968 11 18 . . PUNCT news-007968 12 1 these these DET news-007968 12 2 stars star NOUN news-007968 12 3 live live VERB news-007968 12 4 only only ADV news-007968 12 5 2 2 NUM news-007968 12 6     SPACE news-007968 12 7 to to PART news-007968 12 8 3 3 NUM news-007968 12 9 million million NUM news-007968 12 10 years year NOUN news-007968 12 11 — — PUNCT news-007968 12 12 compared compare VERB news-007968 12 13 with with ADP news-007968 12 14 the the DET news-007968 12 15 sun sun NOUN news-007968 12 16 , , PUNCT news-007968 12 17 which which PRON news-007968 12 18 is be AUX news-007968 12 19 more more ADJ news-007968 12 20 than than ADP news-007968 12 21 4 4 NUM news-007968 12 22 billion billion NUM news-007968 12 23 years year NOUN news-007968 12 24 old old ADJ news-007968 12 25 — — PUNCT news-007968 12 26 so so CCONJ news-007968 12 27 direct direct ADJ news-007968 12 28 observations observation NOUN news-007968 12 29 of of ADP news-007968 12 30 them they PRON news-007968 12 31 are be AUX news-007968 12 32 not not PART news-007968 12 33 expected expect VERB news-007968 12 34 in in ADP news-007968 12 35 the the DET news-007968 12 36 milky milky ADJ news-007968 12 37 way way NOUN news-007968 12 38 . . PUNCT news-007968 13 1 however however ADV news-007968 13 2 , , PUNCT news-007968 13 3     SPACE news-007968 13 4 astronomers astronomer NOUN news-007968 13 5 are be AUX news-007968 13 6 hoping hope VERB news-007968 13 7 to to PART news-007968 13 8 identify identify VERB news-007968 13 9 them they PRON news-007968 13 10 from from ADP news-007968 13 11 studies study NOUN news-007968 13 12 of of ADP news-007968 13 13 their their PRON news-007968 13 14 light light ADJ news-007968 13 15 curves curve NOUN news-007968 13 16 . . PUNCT news-007968 14 1 light light ADJ news-007968 14 2 curves curve NOUN news-007968 14 3 show show VERB news-007968 14 4 the the DET news-007968 14 5 rise rise NOUN news-007968 14 6 and and CCONJ news-007968 14 7 fall fall VERB news-007968 14 8 of of ADP news-007968 14 9 the the DET news-007968 14 10 light light NOUN news-007968 14 11 generated generate VERB news-007968 14 12 in in ADP news-007968 14 13 the the DET news-007968 14 14 explosion explosion NOUN news-007968 14 15 . . PUNCT news-007968 15 1 “ " PUNCT news-007968 15 2 this this PRON news-007968 15 3 still still ADV news-007968 15 4 would would AUX news-007968 15 5 prove prove VERB news-007968 15 6 to to PART news-007968 15 7 be be AUX news-007968 15 8 a a DET news-007968 15 9 very very ADV news-007968 15 10 challenging challenging ADJ news-007968 15 11 observation observation NOUN news-007968 15 12 , , PUNCT news-007968 15 13 requiring require VERB news-007968 15 14 long long ADJ news-007968 15 15 - - PUNCT news-007968 15 16 term term NOUN news-007968 15 17 monitoring monitoring NOUN news-007968 15 18 of of ADP news-007968 15 19 many many ADJ news-007968 15 20 objects object NOUN news-007968 15 21 in in ADP news-007968 15 22 hopes hope NOUN news-007968 15 23 of of ADP news-007968 15 24 catching catch VERB news-007968 15 25 their their PRON news-007968 15 26 explosions explosion NOUN news-007968 15 27 ‘ ' PUNCT news-007968 15 28 in in ADP news-007968 15 29 the the DET news-007968 15 30 act act NOUN news-007968 15 31 , , PUNCT news-007968 15 32 ’ ' PUNCT news-007968 15 33 ” " PUNCT news-007968 15 34 beers beer NOUN news-007968 15 35 said say VERB news-007968 15 36 . . PUNCT news-007968 16 1 “ " PUNCT news-007968 16 2 alternatively alternatively ADV news-007968 16 3 , , PUNCT news-007968 16 4 their their PRON news-007968 16 5 presence presence NOUN news-007968 16 6 can can AUX news-007968 16 7 be be AUX news-007968 16 8 inferred infer VERB news-007968 16 9 indirectly indirectly ADV news-007968 16 10 , , PUNCT news-007968 16 11 from from ADP news-007968 16 12 studies study NOUN news-007968 16 13 of of ADP news-007968 16 14 the the DET news-007968 16 15 chemical chemical ADJ news-007968 16 16 fingerprints fingerprint NOUN news-007968 16 17 they they PRON news-007968 16 18 leave leave VERB news-007968 16 19 behind behind ADV news-007968 16 20 when when SCONJ news-007968 16 21 they they PRON news-007968 16 22 explode explode VERB news-007968 16 23 . . PUNCT news-007968 16 24 ” " PUNCT news-007968 17 1 beers beer NOUN news-007968 17 2 said say VERB news-007968 17 3 he he PRON news-007968 17 4 and and CCONJ news-007968 17 5 other other ADJ news-007968 17 6 collaborators collaborator NOUN news-007968 17 7 suspect suspect VERB news-007968 17 8 that that SCONJ news-007968 17 9 individual individual ADJ news-007968 17 10 stars star NOUN news-007968 17 11 formed form VERB news-007968 17 12 from from ADP news-007968 17 13 material material NOUN news-007968 17 14 enriched enrich VERB news-007968 17 15 by by ADP news-007968 17 16 pisn pisn ADJ news-007968 17 17 explosions explosion NOUN news-007968 17 18 in in ADP news-007968 17 19 the the DET news-007968 17 20 early early ADJ news-007968 17 21 milky milky ADJ news-007968 17 22 way way NOUN news-007968 17 23 might might AUX news-007968 17 24 be be AUX news-007968 17 25 found find VERB news-007968 17 26 in in ADP news-007968 17 27 the the DET news-007968 17 28 near near ADJ news-007968 17 29 future future NOUN news-007968 17 30 , , PUNCT news-007968 17 31 based base VERB news-007968 17 32 on on ADP news-007968 17 33 extensive extensive ADJ news-007968 17 34 photometric photometric NOUN news-007968 17 35 surveys survey NOUN news-007968 17 36 with with ADP news-007968 17 37 specific specific ADJ news-007968 17 38 filters filter NOUN news-007968 17 39 capable capable ADJ news-007968 17 40 of of ADP news-007968 17 41 measuring measure VERB news-007968 17 42 the the DET news-007968 17 43 magnesium magnesium NOUN news-007968 17 44 / / SYM news-007968 17 45 iron iron NOUN news-007968 17 46 ratios ratio NOUN news-007968 17 47 for for ADP news-007968 17 48 tens ten NOUN news-007968 17 49 of of ADP news-007968 17 50 millions million NOUN news-007968 17 51 of of ADP news-007968 17 52 individual individual ADJ news-007968 17 53 stars star NOUN news-007968 17 54 . . PUNCT news-007968 18 1 beers beer NOUN news-007968 18 2 ’ ’ PART news-007968 18 3 galactic galactic ADJ news-007968 18 4 archaeology archaeology NOUN news-007968 18 5 group group NOUN news-007968 18 6 is be AUX news-007968 18 7 calibrating calibrate VERB news-007968 18 8 methods method NOUN news-007968 18 9 to to PART news-007968 18 10 estimate estimate VERB news-007968 18 11 the the DET news-007968 18 12 this this DET news-007968 18 13 abundance abundance NOUN news-007968 18 14 ratio ratio NOUN news-007968 18 15 of of ADP news-007968 18 16 stars star NOUN news-007968 18 17 in in ADP news-007968 18 18 photometric photometric NOUN news-007968 18 19 surveys survey NOUN news-007968 18 20 , , PUNCT news-007968 18 21 such such ADJ news-007968 18 22 as as ADP news-007968 18 23 the the DET news-007968 18 24 javalambre javalambre NOUN news-007968 18 25 photometric photometric NOUN news-007968 18 26 local local ADJ news-007968 18 27 universe universe ADJ news-007968 18 28 survey survey NOUN news-007968 18 29 ( ( PUNCT news-007968 18 30 j j NOUN news-007968 18 31 - - NOUN news-007968 18 32 plus plus NOUN news-007968 18 33 ) ) PUNCT news-007968 18 34 and and CCONJ news-007968 18 35 southern southern ADJ news-007968 18 36 photometric photometric NOUN news-007968 18 37 local local ADJ news-007968 18 38 universe universe ADJ news-007968 18 39 survey survey NOUN news-007968 18 40 ( ( PUNCT news-007968 18 41 s s NOUN news-007968 18 42 - - NOUN news-007968 18 43 plus plus CCONJ news-007968 18 44 ) ) PUNCT news-007968 18 45 , , PUNCT news-007968 18 46 currently currently ADV news-007968 18 47 underway underway ADJ news-007968 18 48 in in ADP news-007968 18 49 both both CCONJ news-007968 18 50 the the DET news-007968 18 51 northern northern ADJ news-007968 18 52 and and CCONJ news-007968 18 53 southern southern ADJ news-007968 18 54 hemispheres hemisphere NOUN news-007968 18 55 . . PUNCT news-007968 19 1 in in ADP news-007968 19 2 addition addition NOUN news-007968 19 3 to to ADP news-007968 19 4 yoshii yoshii PROPN news-007968 19 5 and and CCONJ news-007968 19 6 beers beer NOUN news-007968 19 7 , , PUNCT news-007968 19 8 other other ADJ news-007968 19 9 researchers researcher NOUN news-007968 19 10 involved involve VERB news-007968 19 11 in in ADP news-007968 19 12 the the DET news-007968 19 13 study study NOUN news-007968 19 14 include include VERB news-007968 19 15 hiroaki hiroaki PROPN news-007968 19 16 sameshima sameshima PROPN news-007968 19 17     SPACE news-007968 19 18 and and CCONJ news-007968 19 19 toshikazu toshikazu PROPN news-007968 19 20 shigeyama shigeyama PROPN news-007968 19 21 , , PUNCT news-007968 19 22 university university PROPN news-007968 19 23 of of ADP news-007968 19 24 tokyo tokyo PROPN news-007968 19 25 ; ; PUNCT news-007968 19 26     SPACE news-007968 19 27 takuji takuji ADV news-007968 19 28 tsujimoto tsujimoto PROPN news-007968 19 29 , , PUNCT news-007968 19 30 national national ADJ news-007968 19 31 astronomical astronomical ADJ news-007968 19 32 observatory observatory NOUN news-007968 19 33 of of ADP news-007968 19 34 japan japan PROPN news-007968 19 35 ; ; PUNCT news-007968 19 36     SPACE news-007968 19 37 and and CCONJ news-007968 19 38 bruce bruce PROPN news-007968 19 39 a. a. PROPN news-007968 19 40 peterson peterson PROPN news-007968 19 41 , , PUNCT news-007968 19 42 australian australian ADJ news-007968 19 43 national national PROPN news-007968 19 44 university university PROPN news-007968 19 45 . . PUNCT news-007968 20 1 to to ADP news-007968 20 2 the the DET news-007968 20 3 right right NOUN news-007968 20 4 is be AUX news-007968 20 5 a a DET news-007968 20 6 diagram diagram NOUN news-007968 20 7 showing show VERB news-007968 20 8 the the DET news-007968 20 9 stages stage NOUN news-007968 20 10 of of ADP news-007968 20 11 the the DET news-007968 20 12 development development NOUN news-007968 20 13 of of ADP news-007968 20 14 a a DET news-007968 20 15 pair pair NOUN news-007968 20 16 - - PUNCT news-007968 20 17 instability instability NOUN news-007968 20 18 supernova supernova PROPN news-007968 20 19 : : PUNCT news-007968 20 20 stage stage NOUN news-007968 20 21 1 1 NUM news-007968 20 22 : : PUNCT news-007968 20 23 one one NUM news-007968 20 24 of of ADP news-007968 20 25 the the DET news-007968 20 26 universe universe NOUN news-007968 20 27 's 's PART news-007968 20 28 first first ADJ news-007968 20 29 generation generation NOUN news-007968 20 30 of of ADP news-007968 20 31 stars star NOUN news-007968 20 32 : : PUNCT news-007968 20 33 a a DET news-007968 20 34 behemoth behemoth NOUN news-007968 20 35 about about ADV news-007968 20 36 300 300 NUM news-007968 20 37 times time NOUN news-007968 20 38 the the DET news-007968 20 39 mass mass NOUN news-007968 20 40 of of ADP news-007968 20 41 the the DET news-007968 20 42 sun sun NOUN news-007968 20 43 nears near VERB news-007968 20 44 the the DET news-007968 20 45 end end NOUN news-007968 20 46 of of ADP news-007968 20 47 its its PRON news-007968 20 48 life life NOUN news-007968 20 49 . . PUNCT news-007968 21 1 stage stage NOUN news-007968 21 2 2 2 NUM news-007968 21 3 : : PUNCT news-007968 21 4 in in ADP news-007968 21 5 a a DET news-007968 21 6 cataclysmic cataclysmic ADJ news-007968 21 7 explosion explosion NOUN news-007968 21 8 , , PUNCT news-007968 21 9 the the DET news-007968 21 10 star star NOUN news-007968 21 11 utterly utterly ADV news-007968 21 12 destroys destroy VERB news-007968 21 13 itself itself PRON news-007968 21 14 in in ADP news-007968 21 15 a a DET news-007968 21 16 pisn pisn ADJ news-007968 21 17 , , PUNCT news-007968 21 18 which which PRON news-007968 21 19     SPACE news-007968 21 20 jettisons jettison VERB news-007968 21 21 the the DET news-007968 21 22 star star NOUN news-007968 21 23 's 's PART news-007968 21 24 entire entire ADJ news-007968 21 25 contents content NOUN news-007968 21 26 , , PUNCT news-007968 21 27 including include VERB news-007968 21 28     SPACE news-007968 21 29 the the DET news-007968 21 30 elements element NOUN news-007968 21 31 iron iron NOUN news-007968 21 32 and and CCONJ news-007968 21 33 magnesium magnesium NOUN news-007968 21 34 in in ADP news-007968 21 35 a a DET news-007968 21 36 distinctive distinctive ADJ news-007968 21 37 ratio ratio NOUN news-007968 21 38 , , PUNCT news-007968 21 39 into into ADP news-007968 21 40 its its PRON news-007968 21 41 primordial primordial ADJ news-007968 21 42 surroundings surrounding NOUN news-007968 21 43 . . PUNCT news-007968 22 1 stage stage NOUN news-007968 22 2 3 3 NUM news-007968 22 3 : : PUNCT news-007968 22 4 over over ADP news-007968 22 5 time time NOUN news-007968 22 6 , , PUNCT news-007968 22 7 the the DET news-007968 22 8 stellar stellar ADJ news-007968 22 9 remains remain VERB news-007968 22 10 make make VERB news-007968 22 11 their their PRON news-007968 22 12 way way NOUN news-007968 22 13 to to ADP news-007968 22 14 the the DET news-007968 22 15 regions region NOUN news-007968 22 16 surrounding surround VERB news-007968 22 17 a a DET news-007968 22 18 quasar quasar ADJ news-007968 22 19 , , PUNCT news-007968 22 20 an an DET news-007968 22 21 active active ADJ news-007968 22 22 supermassive supermassive ADJ news-007968 22 23 black black ADJ news-007968 22 24 hole hole NOUN news-007968 22 25 . . PUNCT news-007968 23 1 billions billion NOUN news-007968 23 2 of of ADP news-007968 23 3 years year NOUN news-007968 23 4 later later ADV news-007968 23 5 as as SCONJ news-007968 23 6 the the DET news-007968 23 7 light light NOUN news-007968 23 8 from from ADP news-007968 23 9 the the DET news-007968 23 10 quasar quasar PROPN news-007968 23 11 travels travel VERB news-007968 23 12 across across ADP news-007968 23 13 the the DET news-007968 23 14 cosmos cosmos PROPN news-007968 23 15 , , PUNCT news-007968 23 16 astronomers astronomer NOUN news-007968 23 17 using use VERB news-007968 23 18 the the DET news-007968 23 19 gemini gemini PROPN news-007968 23 20 north north PROPN news-007968 23 21 telescope telescope PROPN news-007968 23 22 on on ADP news-007968 23 23 hawaii hawaii PROPN news-007968 23 24 , , PUNCT news-007968 23 25 operated operate VERB news-007968 23 26 by by ADP news-007968 23 27 the the DET news-007968 23 28 national national PROPN news-007968 23 29 science science PROPN news-007968 23 30 foundation foundation PROPN news-007968 23 31 's 's PART news-007968 23 32 noirlab noirlab NOUN news-007968 23 33 , , PUNCT news-007968 23 34 are be AUX news-007968 23 35 able able ADJ news-007968 23 36 to to PART news-007968 23 37 detect detect VERB news-007968 23 38 and and CCONJ news-007968 23 39 decode decode VERB news-007968 23 40 the the DET news-007968 23 41 telltale telltale ADJ news-007968 23 42 chemical chemical NOUN news-007968 23 43 remains remain NOUN news-007968 23 44 of of ADP news-007968 23 45 one one NUM news-007968 23 46 of of ADP news-007968 23 47 the the DET news-007968 23 48 universe universe NOUN news-007968 23 49 's 's PART news-007968 23 50 earliest early ADJ news-007968 23 51 stars star NOUN news-007968 23 52 . . PUNCT news-007968 24 1 originally originally ADV news-007968 24 2 published publish VERB news-007968 24 3 by by ADP news-007968 24 4 deanna deanna PROPN news-007968 24 5 csomo csomo PROPN news-007968 24 6 ferrell ferrell PROPN news-007968 24 7 at at ADP news-007968 24 8 science.nd.edu science.nd.edu PROPN news-007968 24 9 on on ADP news-007968 24 10 sept sept PROPN news-007968 24 11 . . PROPN news-007968 24 12 28 28 NUM news-007968 24 13 . . PUNCT news-007968 25 1 posted post VERB news-007968 25 2 in in ADP news-007968 25 3 : : PUNCT news-007968 25 4 research research NOUN news-007968 25 5 home home NOUN news-007968 25 6 experts expert NOUN news-007968 25 7 nd nd PROPN news-007968 25 8 in in ADP news-007968 25 9 the the DET news-007968 25 10 news news NOUN news-007968 25 11 subscribe subscribe NOUN news-007968 25 12 about about ADP news-007968 25 13 us we PRON news-007968 25 14 related related ADJ news-007968 25 15 october october PROPN news-007968 25 16 04 04 NUM news-007968 25 17 , , PUNCT news-007968 25 18 2022 2022 NUM news-007968 25 19 nih nih PROPN news-007968 25 20 awards awards PROPN news-007968 25 21 $ $ SYM news-007968 25 22 4 4 NUM news-007968 25 23 million million NUM news-007968 25 24 grant grant NOUN news-007968 25 25 to to ADP news-007968 25 26 psychologists psychologist NOUN news-007968 25 27 researching research VERB news-007968 25 28 suicide suicide NOUN news-007968 25 29 prevention prevention NOUN news-007968 25 30 september september PROPN news-007968 25 31 29 29 NUM news-007968 25 32 , , PUNCT news-007968 25 33 2022 2022 NUM news-007968 25 34 notre notre PROPN news-007968 25 35 dame dame NOUN news-007968 25 36 , , PUNCT news-007968 25 37 ukrainian ukrainian PROPN news-007968 25 38 catholic catholic PROPN news-007968 25 39 university university PROPN news-007968 25 40 launch launch VERB news-007968 25 41 three three NUM news-007968 25 42 new new ADJ news-007968 25 43 research research NOUN news-007968 25 44 grants grant NOUN news-007968 25 45 september september PROPN news-007968 25 46 27 27 NUM news-007968 25 47 , , PUNCT news-007968 25 48 2022 2022 NUM news-007968 25 49 notre notre PROPN news-007968 25 50 dame dame NOUN news-007968 25 51 , , PUNCT news-007968 25 52 trinity trinity PROPN news-007968 25 53 college college PROPN news-007968 25 54 dublin dublin PROPN news-007968 25 55 engineers engineer NOUN news-007968 25 56 join join VERB news-007968 25 57 to to PART news-007968 25 58 advance advance VERB news-007968 25 59 novel novel NOUN news-007968 25 60 treatment treatment NOUN news-007968 25 61 for for ADP news-007968 25 62 cystic cystic ADJ news-007968 25 63 fibrosis fibrosis NOUN news-007968 25 64 september september PROPN news-007968 25 65 22 22 NUM news-007968 25 66 , , PUNCT news-007968 25 67 2022 2022 NUM news-007968 25 68 climate climate NOUN news-007968 25 69 - - PUNCT news-007968 25 70 prepared prepare VERB news-007968 25 71 countries country NOUN news-007968 25 72 are be AUX news-007968 25 73 losing lose VERB news-007968 25 74 ground ground NOUN news-007968 25 75 , , PUNCT news-007968 25 76 latest late ADJ news-007968 25 77 nd nd PROPN news-007968 25 78 - - PUNCT news-007968 25 79 gain gain NOUN news-007968 25 80 index index NOUN news-007968 25 81 shows show NOUN news-007968 25 82 september september PROPN news-007968 25 83 21 21 NUM news-007968 25 84 , , PUNCT news-007968 25 85 2022 2022 NUM news-007968 25 86 study study NOUN news-007968 25 87 finds find VERB news-007968 25 88 high high ADJ news-007968 25 89 levels level NOUN news-007968 25 90 of of ADP news-007968 25 91 pfas pfas NOUN news-007968 25 92 in in ADP news-007968 25 93 school school NOUN news-007968 25 94 uniforms uniform NOUN news-007968 25 95 for for ADP news-007968 25 96 the the DET news-007968 25 97 media medium NOUN news-007968 25 98 contact contact NOUN news-007968 25 99 office office NOUN news-007968 25 100 of of ADP news-007968 25 101 public public ADJ news-007968 25 102 affairs affair NOUN news-007968 25 103 and and CCONJ news-007968 25 104 communications communication NOUN news-007968 25 105 notre notre PROPN news-007968 25 106 dame dame PROPN news-007968 25 107 news news NOUN news-007968 25 108 500 500 NUM news-007968 25 109 grace grace NOUN news-007968 25 110 hall hall PROPN news-007968 25 111 notre notre PROPN news-007968 25 112 dame dame NOUN news-007968 25 113 , , PUNCT news-007968 25 114 in in ADP news-007968 25 115 46556 46556 NUM news-007968 25 116 usa usa PROPN news-007968 25 117 facebook facebook PROPN news-007968 25 118 twitter twitter PROPN news-007968 25 119 instagram instagram PROPN news-007968 25 120 youtube youtube PROPN news-007968 25 121 pinterest pinterest PROPN news-007968 25 122 © © NUM news-007968 25 123 2022 2022 NUM news-007968 25 124 university university PROPN news-007968 25 125 of of ADP news-007968 25 126 notre notre PROPN news-007968 25 127 dame dame PROPN news-007968 25 128 search search NOUN news-007968 25 129 mobile mobile ADJ news-007968 25 130 app app NOUN news-007968 25 131 news news NOUN news-007968 25 132 events event NOUN news-007968 25 133 visit visit VERB news-007968 25 134 accessibility accessibility NOUN news-007968 25 135 facebook facebook PROPN news-007968 25 136 twitter twitter PROPN news-007968 25 137 instagram instagram PROPN news-007968 25 138 youtube youtube PROPN news-007968 25 139 linkedin linkedin VERB