whatever their race and color?
The jazz musician Wynton Marsalis testifies:   body has two heritages, ethnic and human. The k aspects give art its real enduring power. . .. The aspect, that s a crutch so you don t have to go oi the world.  David Bromwich raises an allied qu< Should we wish  to legitimize the belief that the of a student deserves to survive in exactly the t that it corresponds with one of the classes of s constructed group minds? If I were a student t would find this assumption frightening. It is, in more than a license for conformity. It is a fot sentence to conformity. 
What you have been saying is pretty much the same < conservatives say. Doesn't that make you feel uncomf
No, it doesn t. There are conservatives and < vatives. Some, like the editor of The New Criteria frantic ideologues with their own version of p. classics as safeguard for the status quo. This is nt attractive than the current campus ideologizing. Bi are also conservatives who make the necessary disci tions between using culture, as many have tried religion, as a kind of social therapy and seeing culti realm with its own values and rewards.
Similar differences hold with regard to the teacl past thinkers. In a great figure like Edmund Burke y find not only the persuasions of conservatism but critical spirit that does not readily lend itself to idee coarseness. Even those of us who disagree wi fundamentally can learn from Burke the discipl argument and resources of language.
Let us suppose that in University X undergoini riculum debate there is rough agreement about books to teach between professors of the democr; and their conservative colleagues. Why should th ble us or them? We agree on a given matter, f for different reasons. Or there may be a more shared belief in the idea of a liberal education. If t so much the better. If the agreement is moment, differences will emerge soon enough.
A Little Epilogue
A New Republic reader:  Good lord, you re ing a virtuoso at pushing through open doors, carrying on just to convince us that students read great books. It s so obvious . . . 
I reply:  Dear reader, you couldn t be mon But that is where we are. 
240
Indi
Acuna, Rudy, 92, 104, 105 affirmative action, 158, 204; Asian-Americans and, 125-126; Hispanics and, 105, 109; and University of California Regents v. Bakke, 20-25 Afghanistan: immigrants from, 45-46; indigenous peoples of, 70
Africa, indigenous peoples of, 70 Alien Act of 1798, 32 Allen, Richard, 134-135
American Indian Movement. 73
Anderson, Niida, 94, 96 Andrei, Giovanni, 164, 167 anti-Semitism, 26, 75, 183, 200, 207; see also, Jews apartheid, 202-203
Arsua, Tomas, 92-93 art, Mexican-American, 187-188 Asian-Americans, 112-113; politics and, 123-125; victimization of, 114-122
Asiatic Barred Zone, 33 athletic team names, racism in, 73-77 Australia, 201, 202; indigenous peoples of, 70, 72
Bali, indigenous peoples of, 71 Balkans, ethnic conflict in, 190-192 Bangladesh, indigenous peoples of, 70 beer-ad images, of Irish-Americans, 175 Belgium, 227-228 bilingual education, 102 biological diversity, 71 blacks: and Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas; children of, 143-144; and Dred Scott v. Sandford, 6-9; family and, 147-151, 152-156; generational shift in leadership of, 138-142; Hispanics and, 105-106; home ownership and, 157-161; Korean-Amencans and, 125, 129-131; and Piessy v. Ferguson, 10-16; and racial tension at the University of North Carolina, 216-219; skin color and, 145-146; and ten most dramatic events in Afro-American history, 34-137; and University of California
Regents v. Bakke, 20-25 oat people, Vietnamese, 47  ogomils, 191   lMa, indigenous peoples of, 60, 65-66, 67, 68, 72
or^r Patro*  Immigration and Naturalization Service, 42, 43, 210  snia, ethnic conflict in, 190-192
Bra^^na  incl'9enous peoples of, 70 r n, indigenous peoples of, 60, 67, 68, 70, 72
228; race and urban poverty in, 193-197
lomley, Charles, 157, 159, 160 r wn v. Board of Education of Topeka, 17-19, 134, 136; Asian-Americans and, ^5, 117, 120
Uchanan, Patrick, 214, 215, 228  Uppies, 138
oreaucratic nationalism, 201 dsh, George, 123, 130, 147, 156, 225 usiness ownership: blacks and, 141-142;
cultural diversity and, 55-57; Native Americans and, 84, 85
Calhoun, John, 152,153,156 anada, 201; indigenous peoples of, 67-68, 70, 71
Canova, Antonio, 164,165,166 Cardenas, Victor Hugo, 65-66 Ceracchi, Giuseppe, 164,165-166 Cherlin, Andrew, 147,151 Cherokee people, service-learning (gadugi) among, 78-80 children, black, 143-144,147-151 Chile, indigenous peoples of, 72 Chin, Vincent, murder of, 115,118,125 China, immigration from, 11,12, 32-33, 34; indigenous peoples of, 70, 71, 72
Cisneros, Henry, 108, 160
citizenship: Asian-Americans and, 118; definition of, and Dred Scott v.
Sandford, 6-9
civil rights movement, 136,139-140,141, 143, 146, 147, 216
class, and ethnicity, 199-200
Cleaver, Eldridge, 237-238
Clinton, Bill, 108; immigration policy of, 210, 211; National Service program of, 230-234
college campuses: hate crimes on, 121-122; programs to encourage diversity on, 220-226; racial tension on, 216-219
Columbus, Christopher, 60, 67,101, 104, 106
Comer, James R, 143, 144, 149, 150,151 Community Development Block Grants, 194 . .
Comprehensive Employment and Training Act, 194
consociationalism, 204
Constitution, U.S., see Fourteenth
Amendment; Thirteenth Amendment Cortez, Eddie, 92, 93 counterspeech, 237
Craven, Wayne, 164, 167
Croatia, ethnic conflict in, 190-192 cultural diversity, 39, 71; business ownership and, 55-57; University of Louisville program to encourage, 220-226
cultural literacy, 127; debate over, 235-240
dancing, Native American ritual, 88-89 de la Garza, Rodolfo O., 97-98 DeMarco, Don, 158,160
demographics: of Hispanics, 94-98;
among immigrant groups, 50-54
Der, Henry, 112,113 desegregation, school, 137 Desportes, Ulysse, 165,166 Displaced Persons Act, 34 Dred Scott v. Sandford, 6-9, 15 DuBois, W E. B., 135-136, 229 due process clause, of the Fourteenth
Amendment, 13,19
Eastern Europeans, ethnicity and, 169-174
economic clout, blacks and, 141-142 economic cost, of immigration, 211
Ecuador, indigenous peoples of, 61, br, 68, 69-70, 71
education: blacks and, 149;^cuhural literacy and, 126-127, 235 240, Hispanics and, 92, 93,102; immigrants and, 52-53, 54; Polish-Amencans and, 177,  178	,	. 79
El Salvador, indigenous peoples of,   Emancipation Proclamation, 55
employment, immigrants and, 39 4( 42, 52
English only movement, 127 environmental issues, indigenous pe and, 67, 69-72
Equal Opportunity Employment Commission, 126
equal protection clause, of the Fourti Amendment, 20, 21, 22
Ethiopia, indigenous peoples of, 72 ethnic conflict, 198-204; in the Balka 190-192
ethnicity, Eastern Europeans and, 16!
Eurocentrism, 235
Europe: Eastern, ethnicity and, 169-1 immigration to, 43-44; race and u poverty in, 193-197; racism and religion in, 227-229
experiential education, for Native American youth, 78-80
Fair Housing Act, 156, 160 family; blacks and, 147-151,152-156;
Hispanics and, 96-97,188 family-based immigration, 39 family-reunification policy, immigration and, 213
farm workers, immigration and, 41, 48 fascism, 200
feminists, in Germany, 206-207 fetishes, 82
filioque controversy, 190
Fix, Michael, 38, 39, 40
Fong, Matthew, 124-125
Fong Yue Ting v United States, 33
Foreign Miner's Tax, 114-115, 116
Fourteenth Amendment, to the U.S.
Constitution: and Brown v. Board < Education of Topeka, Kansas; and Plessy v. Ferguson, 11,12,13,14,' and University of California Regem Bakke, 20, 21, 22, 23
France, 201, 227, 228; race and urban poverty in, 193-197
Franklin, Benjamin, 118,166
Franzoni, Giuseppe, 164, 167-168
Freedom Rides, 137
Fuchs, Lawrence, 211, 213-214, 215
Furutani, Warren, 123,124, 125
gadugi, as service-learning model tor
Native American communities, 78-1 gambling casinos, Native Americans a 68, 81-85, 88-89
gangs, black, 149
Garcia-Sayan, Diego, 61-62 generational shift, of black leaders, 138-142
genocide, 177; Holocaust and, 181-183 213, 224
Gentleman s Agreement, 33, 34
Germany, racism and xenophobia in, 205-206	.	_
 glass ceiling,  for Asian-Americans, 1 Gong Lum v. Rice, 117
Great Migration, 136, 148,150, 151
Great Society, 142
Greenland, indigenous peoples of, 70,
Guatemala, immigration from, 48
hate crimes, 112, 120-122, 125
Hispanics, 186-189; definition of, 94-9
Mexican-Americans as, 92-93, 99107-109; racism and, 103-106
history, ten most dramatic events in African-American, 134-137
Hitler, Adolph, 182, 183
Hokoyama, J. D., 112, 113
Holocaust, 181-183, 213, 224
home ownership, blacks and, 157-161 Huerta, Dolores, 104,105
Humphrey, Hubert, 170-171 hypersegregation, 157
immigration, 202, 210-215; Asian, 114-115, 125; demographic differences among, 50-54; first-person accounts of, 45-49; historical discrimination toward, 32-36; Mexican, 186-189; reform of laws concerning, 37-45
India, indigenous peoples of, 70
Indian Self-Determination Act, 68
indigenous peoples, environmental issues and, 69-72
Indonesia, indigenous peoples of, 71, 72
intellectual property rights, 72
Iran, indigenous peoples of, 70, 71
Irish-Americans, beer-ad images of, 175 Islam: Balkans and, 190-191; growth of, 228-229
Italian sculptors, early, in the United States, 164-168
Ivy League, 171
Japanese Americans, 114, 116, 119, 124, 125, 127-128
Jasovic, Aleksandar, 191-192
Jefferson, Thomas, 164, 166, 167
Jews, 171, 207, 213; Holocaust and, 181-183
Johnson, Lyndon B., 137, 151, 153, 210, 234
Jones, Absalom, 134-135
Jones, Lafayette, 95, 98
Kennedy, Blake, 119-120
Kennedy, Edward, 210, 213, 232
Kennedy, John F., 230, 234
Kenya, indigenous peoples of, 71
Kerner Commission, 153, 155
Kim Ark Wong v. United States, 118, 120
King, Martin Luther, 136, 137, 154, 156, 222, 231
Know-Nothing Party, 32
Korean-Americans, blacks and, 125, 129-131
Korzenny, Felipe, 95, 98
Ku Klux Klan, 141, 210, 218
La Guardia, Fiorello, 167, 210
Lakhota Sioux people, of North America, 86-87
language: Hispanics and, 94-96, 102, 188; immigrants and, 51-52; Polish, 176, 177
Laos, indigenous peoples of, 71
 La Raza Cosmica,  Mexican Americans as, 99-102, 103, 104, 106
Latin America, indigenous peoples of, 67
Latrobe, Benjamin, 167, 168
Lemann, Nicholas, 148, 151
Lincoln, Abraham, 55, 117
liquor industry, and beer-ad images of Irish-Americans, 175
literacy tests, for immigrants, 33 literature, Mexican-American, 186-187 Lukacs, George, 235-236
Manifest Destiny, 55
March on Washington, 137
Margolin, Malcolm, 81-82, 85
Marquesas Islands, indigenous peoples of, 71
marriage, blacks and, 147-151
Marshall, Thurgood, 136,139
Marxism, 199, 200, 235-236
Massey, Douglas S., 157, 158, 160-161
McCarren-Walter Act of 1952, 34-35, 116
McGovern, George, 171, 173
McKinney, Cynthia, 140-141 melting pot theory, 113, 169, 172, 174, 177, 201-202, 210-215
mestizos, 61
Mexican-Americans, 186-189; in
California, 92-94; as  La Raza Cosmica,  99-102; racism and, 103-106; Voting Rights Act and, 107-109
Mexico: immigrants from, 11, 34, 35, 38, 48; indigenous peoples of, 70, 71 middle-class bla