f the basic value of respec for our fellow human beings.
notes
1 s Goode,  Efforts to Deal with Diversity Can G
Af^ weT ^	lnSight  1
DT?bTimmons,'  Fraudulent  Diversity,   Newsweek, 1 N 4V7bSullS,  Racism 101,  New Republic, Vol. 22 (199( pp. 18-21.
2
9. UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL PLURALISM
5.	E. L. Boyer, College: The Undergraduate Experience in America (New York: Harper & Row, 1987).
6.	The authors thank Ralph Fitzpatrick for providing the history of the University of Louisville. Additional thanks are extended for the contributions of Phyllis Webb, Linda Wilson, Denise Fitzpatrick, Adam Matheny, Patricia Gilderbloom, and Jim Van Fleet. Special assistance and funding for this project was contributed by Dr. Donald C. Swain, President of the University of Louisville. Additionally, Ralph Fitzpatrick, director of the Office of Minority Services of the University of Louisville, is recognized for his leadership, cooperation and support.
The following graduate students participated in the research study of the University of Louisville s Celebration of Diversity program, and prepared preliminary reports of the findings: William P. Friedlander, Gary Dennis, Mary Henderson, Gracie Wishnia, Greg Bucholtz, Samantha Israel, David A. Collins, Mike Burayidi, Sheila Thompson, Pat Bailey, Dennis J. Golden, David W. Parrott, Karen King, Manuel McMillan, Mark Buchter, Stephen L. Wagner, and Frances Campeau (see Gilderbloom, et al., below).
7.	The demands submitted to the university president by the Black Student Alliance are as follows:
1.	The campus housing office is to begin the development of a plan to end the segregation of the Panhellenic dormitory immediately, and complete the plan by Thursday, November 16, 1989.
2.	The campus housing office is to increase the number of resident assistants to a level directly proportional to the number of black students living in campus housing.
3.	The campus housing office is to reimburse Ms. Dawn Ones [the racially slighted student] for her dormitory fees and inconvenience during the incident of racial bias.
4.	The University of Louisville is to develop a facility for black students, similar to the Martin Luther King Cultural Center at the University of Kentucky.
5.	The university must end its plans to separate upperclassmen from lowerclassmen in housing; the plan is genocide for the younger black students on campus, acting as a role model drain for black students.
6.	The university must change the name of the Confederate Apartments and the campus street where it is located, Confederate Place, to the name of a black leader.
7.	The university must develop a race consciousness course and require all resident assistants to attend it. If the course is not developed, resident assistants should be required to take a minimum of six credit hours of instruction in black history.
8.	The university must adopt a policy of automatic expulsion of anyone who is convicted of racist intimidation or harassment. This includes defamation of private or school property characterized by racial slurs and/or repeated verbal abuse by a person or persons on the university campus directed at specific persons of another race which causes emotional duress. Emotional duress is defined as the need for a victim to report specific victimizers directly to resident directors, the university administra tion or concerned student organizations. Such reports of victimization would become written public information
8.	Derrick Bell, Jr., is among the nation s leading ej in civil rights law and a former Professor of Law a Harvard University School of Law. His demands for tenured African-American and female law professors al vard University School of Law led to recent front-page stories around the nation. Dr. Harry Edwards is a p nent sociologist at the University of California at Ber as well as a leading social critic, author and activist. 1 forefront of the movement to increase black participat coaching, management and ownership of professional i teams, he is a special advisor to the commissioner of league baseball. Jaime Escalante is the East Los Ai barrio calculus teacher immortalized in the recent n picture Stand and Deliver. Escalante s minority str rank near the top in the nation in mathematics test s Dr. Jacqueline Fleming is an expert on how perso sparks individual motivation differences and an instrui undergraduate courses on the psychology of racisn human motivation at Barnard College. She also serves   Advisory Committee of the United Negro College Fun Edwin J. Nichols is a psychologist recently retired frc National Institute of Mental Health where he held v; positions, including Section Chief for Special Popul and Chief of the Center for Studies of Child and I Mental Health. Michael Woo is the first Asian-Ameri serve on the Los Angeles City Council, represent!: unusually diverse constituency of 198,000 people who 54 separate languages and dialects. A leader in eth form, he is widely considered a strong prospective can to replace outgoing Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, carlo Esposito is an actor and screenwriter best kno' his recent role as  Buggin  Out  in Spike Lee s film j Right Thing. He is a winner of the OBIE and Theater Awards.
9.	This section is adapted from a recently completed on the University of Louisville s Second Annual Dn Celebration program (J. Gilderbloom with W. Friedl Building Diversity in the Curriculum: Charting the I [Louisville, Ky.: Office of the Provost, Univers Louisville, 1992]).
10.	J. Gross,  Gay Journalists Gather to Complai Celebrate Progress at Work,  The New York Times, 2! 1992, p. A7.
11.	 A Bowlful of Opportunity,  The Louisville C Journal, 30 December 1990, p. D2.
OTHER SOURCES
Chafetz, J.,  Hispanics in the United States,  New Re, Fall 1990, pp. 15-18.
DePree, M. Leadership is an Art (New York, Dell, 19 Gilderbloom, J. et al. Attitudes and Reactions to the I sity of Louisville s Celebration of Diversity P? (Louisville, Ky.: University of Louisville School of Policy, unpublished report, 1990).
Green, M. F. Minorities on Campus: A Handbook for E ing Diversity (Washington, D.C.: American Cour Education, 1989).
Steele, S.,  White Guilt,  American Scholar, Autumr pp. 487-507.
226
Article 49
Blood and irony
How race and religion will shape the future
Henry Louis Gates
Henry Louis Gates is head of the department of Afro-American studies at Harvard.
WE LIVE in confusing times. Communism, we now , the opiate of the nationalities. As its stuporous in uen^ t off, assertive and sometimes clashing national aspira 10 from the Baltic states to the Transcaucasus. Separ^st   ments have left the former Yugoslavia a bloo y Jtgsa   communism had joined, nationalism has been al oo g put asunder.	, ,	,
In the industrialised West, though, things loo very_
In fact, never in this century has the western p J supranational unification seemed closer to re isa long-deferred idea of genuine European	JL foe
fitfully, to be acquiring an aura of inevitability, e > countries of North America have been hammering trade compact. Isn t economic integration suppos handmaiden of political integration?	, foe
Today, in short, both the forces of	. t which
forces of consolidation are abundantly on display. J uncouth, thoroughly pre-modern
rationalists find so irksome. In 1796 that illucentral actionary, Joseph de Maistre, scorn^Zfoera^^^ enlightenment creed when he avowed -	know, thanks
I have seen Frenchmen, Italians, Russians ,	have
to Montesquieu, that one can be a persian  n0 men in never met.  In de Maistre s hard sense, ther ,. ht ne(j?The Bosnia. Are the rest of us really so much mor	founder
secular creed of the technocrats and planners may y
 n the home-style politics of identity.	@ 1993by
From The Economist, September 11,1993, PP-Special Features.
More than 100 new nations have come into existence in the past 50 years, and yet the proliferation of new national identities may prove less important, in the long run, than the transformation of old ones. To be sure, the phenomenon sometimes known as the  browning  of the West is not without its own ironies. For while the West worries about being inundated by migrants from the third world, many in the third world continue to worry about the westernisation of the globe.
Still, even as the economic apparatus of Euro-unification is being assembled, the countenance of Europe itself is changing in unprecedented ways. In present-day Western Europe, there are perhaps 10m legal immigrants from the third world; the number of illegals can only be guessed at. Hundreds of thousands of asylum-seekers from Eastern Europe have joined them. The human tide now moves not just from south to north, but from east to west. Indeed, some argue that the past few years have witnessed the largest peacetime movement of peoples in Europe since the Middle Ages.
The short-term consequences, at least, are plain to see. West European states, France and Germany in particular, are buffeted between the pressures of the demographic influx on the one hand and of native reaction on the other. The force of neither can be gainsaid. The resurgence of the racist right in Germany has been a matter of widespread attention and concern but Germany, (which has had, in some respects, t singularly generous policy of asylum) has no unique claim to it  By the year 2000,  roared Jean-Marie Le Pen of the Frencl far-right National Front this spring,  the majority of th< population of Paris will be foreign! 
In 1992 he got a robust 14% of the vote in regional election: Judging from electoral returns this past March, his suppo seems to be ebbing. But that is because his tough line on imm gration has, in no small measure, been absorbed by moi mainstream parties. Meanwhile, in Belgium s national ele The Economist, Ltd. Distributed by The New York Times
22
9. UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL PLURALISM
tions last year, the Vlaams Blok party called for the outright expulsion of all of the country s 400,000 immigrants and was rewarded with a fairly robust 10.7% of the vote.
And what of America?  We are not a nation,  Herman Melville avowed of his country a century ago,  so much as a world.  Never has his description seemed more apt. In the 1980s 8.6m people emigrated to the United States, more than in any decade since the first decade of the century. According to one estimate, by 2020 the number of non-white or Hispanic inhabitants of America will have doubled, while the white
Melville s world Immigrants entering the United States, by country of origin, %
1992 total: 923.977
population will remain essentially unchanged. By 2050 the percentage of Asian-Americans will have quintupled, with the total reaching 40m. Already in New York state, 40% of school children are classified as ethnic  minorities.  Already in Los Angeles, the most popular radio station is a Spanish-language one. And within just a decade or so, Muslims will be more numerous in America than Presbyterians or Jews.
But then America is fairly backward in this respect. For historical reasons, the Musl