250 Articles on Rheumatoid Arthritis, Summarized A set of 250 articles on the topic of rheumatoid arthritis was garned from a collection of etexts and journal articles. More specifically, the Distant Reader Index was searched and a Distant Reader data set was created from the results. The data set can be temporarily seen at: https://bit.ly/3xyWXJ2 A generative-AI process was then applied to each article to create summaries. For details, see: https://distantreader.org/blog/summarization/ The summaries follow: Anaphylaxis as a Rare Side Effect of Ketorolac; a Case Report -- A 51-year-old man with urolithiasis developed anaphylaxis after an intravenous injection of 30 mg ketorolac. He was admitted to the emergency department of Vali-Asr Hospital in Arak, Iran. He had been having mild pain in his flanks since the night before. Ketorolacl is an NSAID used to alleviate renal colic. Validated DBS method for filgotinib quantitation in rat dried blood spots and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats -- Filgotinib is a selective JAK1 (Janus kinase) inhibitor. It is effective in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis. Abhishek Dixit, Vinay Kiran, Bhavesh Babulal Gabani, Ramesh Mullangi, and others developed a validated DBS method for filgotin ib quantitation in rat dried blood spots and applied it to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Methotrexate Alone or A Combination of Methotrexate and Hydroxychloroquine -- Natharubini Nadarajah, Riardi Pramudyo, Kuswinarti, and Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung conducted a retrospective cohort study on 46 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The study found that there is no difference in the effectiveness of DMARD monotherapy with MTX and combination of MTX & HCQ. Distribution of Risks for Major Osteoporotic Fracture Based on Fracture Risk Assessment Tool in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia -- Osteoporosis is a growing public health problem in Indonesia. Rheumatoid arthritis, current smoking, prolonged glucocorticoids consumption and previous fracture are risk factors for osteoporotic fracture. The World Health Organization has developed a tool called Fracture Risk Assessment Tool to identify fracture risk based on the clinical risk factors. Quality of life, perceived health status and sociodemographic factors among persons with rheumatoid arthritis -- Olga Janneth Gómez-Ramírez, Arlen Patricia and Olga J. Gomez-Gomez from the Universidad Nacional de Colombia discuss the relationship between the quality of life and the nivel of salud in personas with arthritis. Effects of Vitamin D3 on Methotrexate- Induced Jejunum Damage in Rats -- Farah K. Abdul-Wahab, Nada Nada Al-Shawi and their colleagues studied the effects of vitamin D3 on methotrexate-induced jejunum damage in rats. They found that the combination of the two drugs may be beneficial in the treatment of various diseases. The Effect of TNF-Alpha Gene Polymorphisms At -376 G/A, -806 C/T, and -1031 T/C on The Likelihood of Becoming a Non-Responder to Etanercept in A Sample of Iraqi Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients -- Eighty RA patients on Etanercept for at least six months were recruited from the Rheumatology Unit at Baghdad Teaching Hospital. After polymerase chain reaction, the amplified DNA was sequenced by Sanger method to determine the genetic polymorphisms at the positions -376 G/A, -806 C/T, and -1031 T/C. There was no significant association between the polymorphisms in the TNF-Alpha gene promoter region and the tendency for non-responding to ETN. Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Preliminary Anticancer Study for Methotrexate Silibinin Conjugates -- Methotrexate (MTX) is used in the treatment of certain cancers, severe psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is also used to target cancer cells resistant to anticancer drugs. Shams A. Nadhum, Nadhum and Mohammed H. Mohammed from the College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, studied the synthesis of two derivatives of MTX. Evaluation of Rosuvastatin Effect as Adjuvant Therapy to Methotrexate on Lipid Profile and the Possibility of its Cardioprotective Effect in Iraqi Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Rosuvastatin is an anti-inflammatory drug used as an adjuvant therapy to methotrexate. 40 active rheumatoid arthritis patients with active RA were randomized into 2 groups to receive either rosuvastatin 10mg or a placebo as an adjuvant to MTX. Lipid profile and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was assessed at the start and at the end of the study. After 8 weeks of treatment, the study found that the drug significantly reduced ESR, TC and LDLc. Neutrophil / Lymphocyte Ratio is not Correlated with Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients -- Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a measure of inflammation in many diseases. 24 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis participated in this study. NLR was positively correlated with ESR and inversely correlated with Hb. The Correlation Between Hyperglycemia and Rheumatoid Factor in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Al- Risafa Area, Baghdad -- There is a positive correlation between hyperglycemia and rheumatoid factor (RF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients living in Al-Risafa area -Baghdad. The highest percentage of titer observed with 34.1% in those with RF titer 64 IU/ml when compared with healthy control. Uric Acid as a Natural Scavenger of Peroxynitrite in a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Zahraa MA. Naji, Shaimaa M.Mohammed, Mays F. Muhammad and 25 healthy controls were included in the case-controlled study conducted at Baghdad teaching hospital from December 2010-May 2011. The serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (PN), malondialdehyde (MDA) and uric acid (UA) were found to be higher in RA patients than in controls. Preparation and Evaluation of Oral Disintegrating Tablets of Ketoprofen by Dirct Compression -- Saddam J.Nasser, Laith Sameen, Mowafaq M.Ghareeb, and others prepared oral disintegrating tablets of Ketoprofen by direct compression method. Formula F11 batch had short disintegration time (18.0 sec) with good physical properties. Evaluation of Trace Elements in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) -- Trace elements were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) in blood serum of 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 14 male and 16 female with age range (37-60 years) compared with normal control. The mean levels of Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Magnesium, Manganese, Chromium, Iron, Nickel, Cobalt, Vanadium and Germanium were significantly lower than controls. There were no significant differences in trace elements levels in relation to sex. Lithotripsy of Different Urinary Tract Stones by Using Seeds of Carum copticum -- Iraqi J Pharm Sci, Vol.19(2) 2010. Ahmed Sabar used Carum copticum seeds to treat urinary stones. 350 patients took part in the research. The treatment was effective against Ca-Oxalate stone. Frequency of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) in Some Autoimmune Diseases -- Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies with a broad spectrum of clinically associated diseases. They are important factors for the clinical course and prognosis in the patients with autoimmunity. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Plumbagin in the Leaf and Root of Plumbago europaea Growing Naturally in Kurdistan by HPLC -- Plumbago europaea is a genus of 10-20 species of flowering plants used in traditional Indian medicine. Plumbago roots have been used for the treatment of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and dysmenorrhea. HPLC analysis of plumbagin in the roots and leaves extracts was carried out by HPLC technique. Formulation and Evaluation of Optimized Zaltoprofen Lyophilized Tablets by Zydis Technique -- Zaltoprofen is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. It is also used to relieve inflammation and pain after surgery, injury, injury and tooth extraction. Suray Hazzaa, Shaimaa Abd-Alhameed, and others studied the lyophilized disintegrating tablets prepared using Zydis technique. They found that the formula containing 3.2%, 3.3%, mannitol, glycine, 1.5%, PVP K30 and 1% was the most suitable. The Belief about Medicines among a Sample of Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Belief about medicines among Iraqi patients with rheumatoid arthritis was measured via the Arabic version of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire. The majority of the patients (88%) had strong beliefs in the necessity of treatment. Antioxidant Activities of the Leaf Extract and Fractions of Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott could be Attributed to The Abundance of Polyphenol Compounds -- Dryopteris filix mas (D filix-mas) is used in ethnomedicine for the management of rheumatoid arthritis, wounds and other diseases. Researchers studied the anti-oxidant activities of its leaf extract and chromatographic fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction produced the highest free radical scavenging activity. Removable prostheses improve OHRQL and satisfaction of elderly people with rheumatoid arthritis -- Renata Cunha, Matheus Rodrigues, Kelly Machado, De Andrade, Talita Malini Carletti, and Bruno Fernandes Moreira Alfenas are the authors of the study on the oral rehabilitation with conventional dentures in elderly people with rheumatoid arthritis. They found that the use of new and well-fitted dentures improves all domains of OHRQoL in patients with RA and TMD. Cultural Adaptation and Optimization of the Compliance Questionnaire-Rheumatology (CQR) Through Statistical Methods for Patients with Rheumatic Diseases -- There is a growing interest in the management of long-term conditions and increasing awareness of the need for compliance/adherence's assessment. The aim of the study is to increase the quality of assessment of patients’ compliance through statistical methods in order to obtain a more accurate estimation and a shorter, easy-to-respond self-administered questionnaire. 6-Aminotriazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as precursors of 1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-b]purines -- Savateev, Borisov, Voinkov, Ulomsky, Rusinov, Chupakhin, and others studied the synthesis of triazolopurines at the Institute of Organic Synthesis Ural Division of RAS in Ekaterinburg. Self-Oligomerization Is Essential for Enhanced Immunological Activities of Soluble Recombinant Calreticulin -- Calreticulin (CRT) can be found in the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and with SLE. CRT fragments 18-412 can self-oligomerize in solution and are 50-100 times more potent than native CRT in activating macrophages in vitro. The active site of CRT is between residues 150-230. Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Modeling of a Rheumatoid Factor from a Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patient with Sjögren's Syndrome -- RFL11 is an IgG rheumatoid factor from a Hepatitis C virus infected patient with Sjögren's syndrome. RFL11 has a high binding affinity of about 6 × 10(−8) M. The discriminative capacity of soluble Toll-like receptor (sTLR)2 and sTLR4 in inflammatory diseases -- TLR2 and sTLR4 are released into the circulation during inflammation. They can be used as a diagnostic biomarkers. CRP is better at distinguishing bacterial infections from viral infections. TLR2 correlated positively with TNF-AUC and negatively with IL-10. Designation of a Novel DKK1 Multiepitope DNA Vaccine and Inhibition of Bone Loss in Collagen-Induced Arthritic Mice -- Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) is an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling, which plays a critical role in certain bone loss diseases. The serum levels of DKK1 are significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and are correlated with the severity of the disease. In this study, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Liu, Sibo, Li, Shentao, Du, Yuxuan, Dou, Yunpeng, Li Zhanguo, Yuan, Huihui, Zhao, Wenming developed a DNA vaccine targeted against DKK 1 to prevent bone erosion in CIA mice. A herbal formula comprising Rosae Multiflorae Fructus and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, attenuates collagen-induced arthritis and inhibits TLR4 signalling in rats -- RL is a traditional remedy for Rheumatoid Arthritic arthritis (RA). It is a herbal formula composed of Rosae Multiflorae Fructus and Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. It is well established for studying human RA. In the present study, we investigated the in vivo efficacy of RL in CIA rats. It significantly increased food intake and weight gain of CIA rats without any observable adverse effect. It ameliorated joint erythema and swelling, inhibited immune cell infiltration, bone erosion and osteophyte formation in joints, reduced joint protein expression levels of TLR4, phospho-TAK1 and p65. It reinvigorated activities of antioxidant A Rationally Designed TNF-α Epitope-Scaffold Immunogen Induces Sustained Antibody Response and Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice -- The TNF-α biological inhibitors have improved the clinical outcomes of many autoimmune diseases. However, practical uses are limited due to high costs and the risk of anti-drug antibody responses. In the present study, the authors designed a T NF-α epitope-scaffold immunogen DTNF7 using the transmembrane domain of diphtheria toxin. In a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis, the vaccination markedly delayed the onset of collagen-induced arthritis. PTEN ameliorates autoimmune arthritis through down-regulating STAT3 activation with reciprocal balance of Th17 and Tregs -- PTEN is a tyrosine phosphatase with significant function in inhibiting STAT3 activation. The expression of PTEN controlled by p53 regulates autoimmune arthritis through modulating the balance between Th17 and Treg cells. Overexpression of the PTEN gene significantly reduced the degree of inflammation, bone damage and cartilage damage in CIA mice. Involvement of P2X7 receptor signaling on regulating the differentiation of Th17 cells and type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice -- P2X7 receptor regulates the differentiation of Th17 cells and type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice. It is an ATP-gated ion channel belonging to P2 receptors. It inhibited hind paw swelling and ameliorated pathological changes in ankle joint of the mice. Artemisinin analogue SM934 attenuate collagen-induced arthritis by suppressing T follicular helper cells and T helper 17 cells -- Artemisinin analogue SM934 attenuates collagen-induced arthritis by suppressing T follicular helper cells and T helper 17 cells. It also suppresses the production of pathogenic antibodies without altering the proportion of germinal center B cells. Expression and bioactivity of human α-fetoprotein in a Bac-to-Bac system -- The present study is the first to report a high yield of recombinant human AFP in a Bac-to-Bac system. The method can produce high yields of R-AFP, which can be used for studies related to AFP. The results indicated that R- AFP promoted the growth of hepatoma cells. TANK-Binding Kinase 1-Dependent Responses in Health and Autoimmunity -- The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is driven by genetic predisposition and environmental triggers that lead to dysregulated immune responses. Therapies that target the germinal center (GC) reaction and antibody-secreting plasma cells (PC) could provide a novel approach. Viruses and Autoimmunity: A Review on the Potential Interaction and Molecular Mechanisms -- There are more than 80 types of autoimmune disorders. Multiple factors have been linked to autoimmune responses, including genetics, age, environment, as well as viral infections. Virus-induced autoimmunity can be activated through multiple mechanisms, including molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, bystander activation, and immortalization of infected B cells. Tumour necrosis factor α stimulates resorption and inhibits synthesis of proteoglycan in cartilage -- Saklatvala, J. and Shaikh report that recombinant human TNFa stimulates resorption and inhibits synthesis of proteoglycan in explants of cartilage. TNF is a second macrophage-derived cytokine whose production in rheumatoid arthritis could contribute to tissue destruction. Free radicals, oxidative stress, and antioxidants in human health and disease -- Free radicals and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly formed in the human body. Free-radical mechanisms have been implicated in the pathology of several human diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, malaria, rheumatoid arthritis and neurodegenerative diseases. Antioxidant defenses to remove O(2)(·−) and H(2)O(2). exist. Tumor necrosis factor as a pharmacological target -- Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was cloned in 1985. TNF is the main lethal mediator of sepsis. Clinical trials with anti-TNF have not been successful so far, but studies led to the identification of TNF as a key inflammatory mediator and development of anti- TNF molecules for rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. Der Einsatz von TNFα-Antagonisten bei primär systemischen Vaskulitiden -- TNFa blocking drugs Etanercept and Infliximab are effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. They have also been used successfully in many patients with primary systemic vasculitides. TNFa is involved in the inflammation of small and large vessels. n−3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation: From molecular biology to the clinic -- The immune system is involved in host defense against infectious agents, tumor cells, and environmental insults. Inflammation is an important component of the early immunologic response. Inappropriate or dysfunctional immune responses underlie acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. Fish oil feeding has been shown to ameliorate the symptoms of some animal models of autoimmune disease and to protect against the effects of endotoxin. Clinical studies have reported that oral fish oil supplementation has beneficial effects in rheumatoid arthritis and among some asthmatics. T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia: an Asian perspective -- To characterize T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia in Asia, 22 Chinese patients from a single institute were reported and analysis of 88 Asian and 272 Western patients identified from the literature was carried out. Asian patients had more frequent anemia, a higher incidence of PRCA, neutropenia, splenomegaly, rheumatoid arthritis, and recurrent infections than Western patients. Lipid Mediators in Inflammatory Disorders -- Inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, septic organ failure and sepsis remain the great challenge in intensive care medicine. Many factors contribute to the complex course of inflammatory reactions. Various strategies have been developed to control the excessive production of lipid mediators on different levels of biochemical pathways. Some of these agents exert protective effects in different inflammatory disorders, whereas others fail to. JAK–STAT Signaling as a Target for Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases: Current and Future Prospects -- The JAK–STAT signaling pathway is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Tofacitinib, the first rheumetallic Jakinib is approved for arthritis and is currently under investigation for other autoimmune diseases. The development over the past decade and a half of agents targeting cytokines represents a landmark advancement in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Demonstration of CD13/Aminopeptidase N on Synovial Fluid T Cells from Patients with Different Forms of Joint Effusions -- Riemann, Dagmar, Schwachula, Annette, Hentschel, Michael, Langner, Jürgen and their colleagues studied the immunophenotype of lymphocytes of the synovial fluid (SF) and the peripheral blood (PB) from patients with arthritis. They found a difference in expression of the surface protease aminopeptidase N (AP N/CD13). Synovial pathologic changes in spontaneous canine rheumatoid‐like arthritis -- A spontaneous, chronic, erosive polyarthritis similar to human rheumatoid arthritis occurs in dogs. Canine RA-like arthritis affected both pure and mixed breeds. The synovial fluid and membrane were studied in 10 dogs with canine arthritis that fulfilled the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria for classic RA. Homologous collagen‐induced arthritis in ratg and mice are associated with structurally different major histocompatibility complex DQ‐like molecules -- Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats, induced with homologous type II collagen (CII), has better resemblance to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) than CIA induced with heterologous CII. The DA strain is highly susceptible to CIA, while the Lewis strain is resistant. The only model for RA in which susceptibility to arthritis has reproducibly been shown to be MHC associated is CIA. Molecular mimicry: Can epitope mimicry induce autoimmune disease? -- Epitope mimicry is the mechanism for the induction of autoimmune disease. It is a form of mimicry used by pathogens to gain entry to target cells, manipulate inter-and intra-cellular processes and avoid immune responses that limit their life cycle in the host. Neonatal Organ and Tissue Donation for Research: Options Following Death by Natural Causes -- The donation of organs and tissues from neonates for transplantation is infrequent. Neonatal donation is proving valuable for research into diabetes, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and neurological development, rheumatoid arthritis, autism, childhood psychiatric and neurologic disorders, treatment of MRSA infection and pediatric emergency resuscitation. Since 2010, annual totals of neonatal organ donors in the United States have ranged from 3 to 21 donors annually. Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life in Adult Patients with Rheumatic Diseases—A Systematic Review -- The aim of this systematic review was to assess the oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adult patients with rheumatic diseases. Results: 26 out of 41 clinical studies including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjögren syndrome (SS), Behcet disease (BD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In 15 studies, a healthy control group was recruited. The short form of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP 14) was most frequently applied. Most studies found the subscale physical disability to be predominantly affected in patients with Rhe The JNK pathway represents a novel target in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through the suppression of MMP-3 -- The JNK pathway represents a novel target in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through the suppression of MMP-3. NAC suppresses and eliminates ROS, promotes the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and suppresses ROS. SP600125 (30 μM) was administered to RA-FLS to suppress MMP 3. Allele-specific transcription factor binding to common and rare variants associated with disease and gene expression -- There are more than 15,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletions associated with diseases and other phenotypes as summarized in the NIH GWAS catalog. To identify candidate regulatory SNPs, Marco, Pan, Gang, Nord, Helena, Wallerman, Ola, Wallén Arzt, Emelie, Berggren, Olof, Elvers, Ingegerd, Rönnblom, Lars, Lindblad Toh, Kerstin, Wadelius, Claes sequenced ENCODE cell lines and used public ChIP-seq data to look for transcription factors binding preferentially to one allele. The majority of allele-specific variants ( Leflunomide increased the renal exposure of acyclovir by inhibiting OAT1/3 and MRP2 -- Leflunomide increased the renal exposure of acyclovir by inhibiting OAT1/3 and MRP2. It also increased its kidney/plasma ratio and increased its renal injury risk. It is the first synthetic nucleoside analog for the treatment of herpetic virus. Predicting the treatment response of certolizumab for individual adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis -- The aim of the study is to develop a model in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who receive certolizumab (CTZ) plus methotrexate (MTX) therapy. The primary outcome is efficacy. Secondary outcomes include ACR50 (50% improvement based on ACR core set variables) and adverse events. The model may help clinicians individualize treatment for particular patients. Views of Mexican outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis on sexual and reproductive health: A cross-sectional study -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) impacts sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in Mexican patients with RA. The study surveyed 303 Mexican outpatients with RA on SRH importance, SRH satisfaction, access to SRH information, preferences regarding SRH communication with healthcare professionals, and understanding of SRH. Young people’s perspectives on patient-reported outcome measures in inflammatory arthritis: results of a multicentre European qualitative study from a EULAR task force -- Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used in clinical practice and research. This is the first study that explores perspectives and views of young people with inflammatory arthritis (IA) on widely used PROMs. They did not feel sufficiently informed about the value of PROs and the reasons for collecting them. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a nationwide population-based study -- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic organism that can cause high mortality among immunosuppressed patients. PJP risk significantly increased in patients with any ARD and with each individual ARD like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren’s syndrome (SjS), polymyositis and dermatomyositis (PM/DM), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and systemic vasculitis. Mycophenolate seems to be a more prominent risk factor than cyclophosphamide. Sicherheitsaspekte der Therapie mit Glukokortikoiden bei rheumatoider Arthritis -- Glucocorticoids (GC) are still the recommended initial treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Long-term treatment exceeding 5 mg prednisolone per day can promote osteoporosis, diabetes, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular events and infections. Interleukin-35 pathobiology in periodontal disease: a systematic scoping review -- Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that mediates immunological functions and plays a protective role in several diseases such as asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. The role of IL-35 in gingivitis and periodontitis remains unclear. The aim of the study was to systematically review the literature and collect the available evidence regarding the role of Il-35. The results of the review were published in the journal BMC Oral Health. Presence of non-oral bacteria in the oral cavity -- Zaatout, Nawel and their colleagues review the current knowledge about the presence of non-oral bacteria in the oral cavity and their relationship with oral bacteria. They discuss their association with oral diseases such as periodontitis, caries, gingivitis, and systemic diseases of importance in clinical medicine such as cystic fibrosis, HIV and rheumatoid arthritis. Safety and Effectiveness of Peficitinib (ASP015K) in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Final Results (32 Months of Mean Peficitinib Treatment) From a Long-Term, Open-Label Extension Study in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan -- Peficitinib (ASP015K) is a pan-Janus kinase inhibitor used to treat rheumatoid arthritis in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. 843 patients received it for a mean 32.0 months (maximum 85.2 months) and most (64.4%) received 100 mg/day as a maximum dose. Salubrinal Alleviates Collagen-Induced Arthritis through Promoting P65 Degradation in Osteoclastogenesis -- Salubrinal is a small molecule compound that has been shown to exert beneficial effects on bone tissue. It is effective in reducing collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice. It also inhibits RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling pathway and promotes P65 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Inflammation-responsive delivery systems for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases -- Inflammation is the biological response of immune system to protect living organisms from injurious factors. Excessive and uncontrolled inflammation is implicated in a variety of chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cystic fibrosis (CF), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and so on. Inflammation-specific drug delivery systems (DDSs) hold significant promise for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Effects of illness perceptions on health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in China -- For 191 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in China, their illness perceptions affect their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Illness perceptions were measured using the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (BIPQ) comprising 8 domains. The overall BIPQ of patients with RA was 49.09 ± 11.06. The highest and lowest scores were for concern (9.15 ± 1.81) and personal control (4.30 ± 2.52). Tocilizumab: Another medication related to osteonecrosis of the jaws? A case report and literature review -- Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious complication in patients receiving antiresorptive medication, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab for different oncologic and non-oncologic diseases. A 45-year-old female patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis had been undergoing intravenous tocilizumab therapy for three years. Four weeks after the tooth extractions, she felt pain in both jaws. She underwent surgical debridement of necrotic bone, and intravenous antibiotics were administered in hospital. Five months later, wound dehiscence reoccurred in the same regions. The patient underwent local bone resection and Effect of janus kinase inhibitors and methotrexate combination on malignancy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials -- Rheumatoid arthritis affects about 0.5% to 1% of the population. The combination therapy of methotrexate (MTX) and Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) is commonly used to treat RA. It is not associated with an increased risk of malignancy in patients with RA. The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Women in Jordan: A Risk Factor for Developing Chronic Diseases -- There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among women in Jordan. High BMI increases the risk of a wide range of chronic diseases. High parity was significantly associated with obesity and elementary education. Chronic diseases are expected to accelerate rapidly in Jordan from 2005 to 2050. An Efficient CNN for Hand X-Ray Classification of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Convolutional neural network (CNN) is the center for hand recognition for recognizing complex examples. It has the ability to gain proficiency with the qualities and anticipate the class of hand radiographs from an expansive collection. The result indicates that hand X-rays are rated with an accuracy of 94.46% by the proposed methodology. A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Study Evaluating the Favorable Predictive Factors for the Disease Control Time of Treatment with Tocilizumab in Patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Tocilizumab (TCZ) is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the IL-6 receptor. It is effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We conducted a retrospective observational study to determine how long TCZ controls RA. DCT was significantly increased in patients who had never received previous biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs treatment. High baseline CRP value was an independent favorable predictive factor for longer DCT. Comparison of iguratimod and conventional cyclophosphamide with sequential azathioprine as treatment of active lupus nephritis: study protocol for a multi-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial (iGeLU study) -- Iguratimod (IGU) is a new small molecular, anti-rheumatic drug. It has been approved for treating rheumatoid arthritis in northeast Asia. The study is a head-to-head comparison between the iguratimmod and present first-line therapy on Lupus nephritis patients. The primary outcome is renal remission rate. Use of Network Pharmacology to Investigate the Mechanism of the Compound Xuanju Capsule in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune dysfunction disease. Traditional Chinese Medicine has been used to treat RA for more than 3,000 years in China. The active ingredients in Chinese medicine could weaken the activity of RA and protect joints from deformity. Exploring the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in fibroblast-like synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis -- Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) promoted FLS proliferation and migration and affected the apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cells in rheumatoid arthritis rats. The expression levels of p-P38, p-PI3K, PI3K and CD31 were increased in patients with RA. A comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of alternate interferon signaling pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in rheumatoid arthritis -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting about 0.5-1% of the world population. Interferon (IFN) signaling pathways play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of RA. IFNs are important immunomodulators and play a role in the immune system. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Regenerative Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Opportunities and Challenges -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with a high rate of disability. Traditional treatments for RA remain a challenging issue. Regenerative medicine and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy (UC-MSC) therapies have recently emerged as potential options. UC-MSCs have advantages, such as convenient collection of materials and no ethical disputes. However, there have been few studies regarding the effects on RA patients. Monitoring the transition of patients on biologics in rheumatoid arthritis: Consensus guidance for pharmacists -- Consensus derived monitoring algorithm for pharmacists was created to facilitate best practices throughout therapeutic transitions from originator biologics to other originatorBiologics, biosimilars, and Janus kinase inhibitors in RA. New classes of anti-rheumatic drugs including JAKi and introduction of biosimilar are presenting more opportunity for therapeutic changes and monitoring in patients with RA. Impact of Posttranslational Modification in Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focusing on Citrullination, Carbamylation, and Acetylation -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of chronic inflammatory arthritis. It is caused by prolonged periodic interactions between genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as citrullination, carbamylation, and acetylation are correlated with the pathogenesis of RA. Certain microbial infections, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella copri, can induce autoantigens in RA. Smoking is correlated with both PTMs and AMPAs in the development of RA, but there is no evidence that smoking induces the generation of AMP Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases and Vascular Function: The Concept of Autoimmune Atherosclerosis -- Autoimmune rheumatic diseases with unknown etiology are increasing in incidence and prevalence. Up to 5% of the population is affected. Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases in autoimmune diseases. Traditional risk factors like age, age, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension do not alone explain the risk of atherosclerosis present in autoimmune rheumatoid diseases. Balneotherapy for Musculoskeletal Pain Management of Hot Spring Water in Southern Ethiopia: Perceived Improvements -- The study looked at the effect of balneotherapy on musculoskeletal disorder pain and its perceived improvement among users of hot spring water in Southern Ethiopia. It found that hot spring baths for three and more days have significant therapeutic effects on patients with musculo-arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Improvement of Inflammation and Pain after Three Months’ Exclusion Diet in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients -- In 40 patients with long-standing RA, the effect of a 3-month diet avoiding meat, gluten, and lactose (and all dairy products) was evaluated in comparison with a control balanced diet. Both diets were designed to reduce weight since all patients were overweight or obese. With either diet, patients showed significant decreases in body weight and body mass index, with a reduction in waist and hips circumference and lower basal glucose and circulating leptin levels. A privative diet was also able to significantly reduce systolic and diastolic arterial pressure. Effect of family caregiver nursing education on patients with rheumatoid arthritis and its impact factors: A randomized controlled trial -- Li, Jing, Zhang, Ying, Kang, Ya-Juan, Ma, Nan and their colleagues conducted a randomized controlled trial on the effect of family caregiver nursing education (FCNE) on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on patients and their caregivers. They found that FCNE significantly reduced indicators of RA in the intervention group compared to the control group. A Closer Look at the Role of Anti-CCP Antibodies in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease and Bronchiectasis -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an articular disease with extra-articular manifestations. Pulmonary manifestations include bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, interstitial lung disease (ILD), pleural effusions and parenchymal lung nodules. Anti-CCP antibodies (ACPAs) play a key role in the pathogenesis of RA lung involvement. ACPA is associated with more severe disease even in the absence of articular symptoms. Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. Good RA management requires a multidisciplinary approach. The most promising results were obtained by developing disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Effects of sub-threshold transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on cerebral blood flow -- Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has shown promise as a non-invasive alternative to VNS with implantable devices to treat drug-resistant epilepsy and treatment-resistant depression. The aim of this study was to determine whether high-frequency sub-threshold taVNS induces significant changes in cerebral blood flow. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI scans were performed on 20 healthy subjects in a single-blind placebo-controlled repeated measures experimental design. The results showed that 15 minutes of taV NS can induce sustained CBF decreases in the bilateral posterior cerebellum in healthy subjects. A cross-sectional study on generalized anxiety disorder and its socio-demographic correlates among the general population in Saudi Arabia -- There is a high prevalence of anxiety disorders in the general population in Saudi Arabia. The study was carried out to screen for GAD among adults and determine the correlation of anxiety disorder with other comorbidities. It was approved by the hospital research committee and the Institutional Review Board. Neues aus dem RABBIT-Register -- Since 2001 rheumatologists in Germany have been recruiting patients with Rheumatoid arthritis into the biologics register to investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of modern antirheumatic treatment. Over the past 20 years more than 20,000 patients have been enrolled in the prospective cohort study. With herpes zoster, facial nerve palsy and psoriasis, several adverse events were investigated. The majority of patients observed in RABBIT were satisfied with the treatment they have received after 1 year. TELERA—Asynchronous TELEmedicine for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Study Protocol for a Prospective, Multi-Center, Randomized Controlled Trial -- The TELERA study is a prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled trial performed in four German university centers. The main outcome is the agreement of rheumatologists' treatment decisions based on patient-generated data and traditional in-person clinic-based decisions. The study received ethical approval by the Committee of the University Clinic of Tuebingen. The Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Inflammatory Arthritis and Cardiovascular Health in Rheumatic Conditions: A Mini Review -- Ketogenic diet (KD) is a diet that restricts carbohydrates to a maximum of 5-10% of the total daily caloric intake. It was proposed by Dr. Wilder in 1921 as a way to induce a metabolic state similar to fasting, through the production of ketone bodies. It has been used as a treatment for epilepsy during the 20th century, but then it was abandoned due to the introduction of anti-epileptic drugs. The current literature doesn't draw conclusion about the effects of KD in rheumatic diseases. Lasia spinosa Chemical Composition and Therapeutic Potential: A Literature-Based Review -- Lasia spinosa (L.) is used ethnobotanically for the treatment of various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammation of the lungs, bleeding cough, hemorrhoids, intestinal diseases, stomach pain, and uterine cancer. It is found in Asia-Bangladesh, China, the Indian subcontinent, Myanmar, Thailand, Indo-China, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Laksmana in Sanskrit. Exploring drug cost and disease outcome in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with biologic and targeted synthetic DMARDs in Norway in 2010–2019 – a country with a national tender system for prescription of costly drugs -- In Norway, an annual tender system for the prescription of biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) has been used since 2007. The number of registered RA patients increased from 4909 in 2010 to 9335 in 2019. The proportion of b/ts DMARDs treated patients achieving DAS28 remission increased from 42 to 67%. The estimated mean annual cost to treat a patient on b/tDMARD's fell by 47%, from 13.1 thousand euros (EUR in 2010) to 6.9 thousand EUR in 2019, and the mean annual costs to treat naïve patients was reduced by 75%. Role of Phenolic Compounds in Human Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects -- Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites that play a vital role in protecting plants from UV radiation and disease attacks. Long-term consumption of diets high in plant polyphenols protects against cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and neurological diseases. Phenolic compounds can inhibit enzymes associated with the development of human diseases and have been used to treat various common ailments. Biologikatherapie von rheumatoider Arthritis und Spondyloarthritiden -- Biologics are an integral part of modern strategies for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondylarthritis (SpA), including psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Biologics produce proteins that have inhibiting effects on humoral and cellular components of the rheumatic inflammation. The safety of biologics has been intensively investigated. Radon Improves Clinical Response in an Animal Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis Accompanied by Increased Numbers of Peripheral Blood B Cells and Interleukin-5 Concentration -- Ranon is used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. It is thought that radon modulates the anti-oxidative and the immune system. In the study, K/BxN serum-induced arthritic mice were exposed to sham or radon irradiation and found a significantly improved clinical disease progression score in the mice. Gasdermin-E Mediated Pyroptosis—A Novel Mechanism Regulating Migration, Invasion and Release of Inflammatory Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis accompanied by excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and destruction of bone and cartilage. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are important participants in the pathogenesis of RA. Pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory and cell lytic programmed cell death mechanism mediated by gasdermin (GSDM) family proteins. RA patients with high GSDME N-terminal expression showed higher IL-6 expression. Yunpi Qufeng Chushi Formula for Pre-Rheumatoid Arthritis: Study Protocol for a Multiple-Center, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Controlled Trial -- Yunpi Qufeng Chushi Formula for Pre-Rheumatoid Arthritis is being trialled in 13 hospitals nationwide. 390 patients ages between 18 and 70 will be randomly assigned to the intervention group (YQCF) and the placebo group. The follow-up visit will be taken every 3 months from baseline to 1 year. Synovial single-cell heterogeneity, zonation and interactions: a patchwork of effectors in arthritis -- There is still no treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. The understanding of the synovium, the affected site, is incomplete. The field of single-cell sequencing is rapidly growing. Monuclear phagocytes are important contributors to both homeostasis and inflammation. TNF inhibitors increase the risk of nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in a mycobacterium tuberculosis endemic area -- TNF inhibitors increase the risk of nontuberculous mycobacteria in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in an MTB endemic area. The risk of developing NTM after TNFI treatment was 2.108 times higher among women than among men. Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis on the Effects and Mechanism of the Wang-Bi Capsule for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis -- Wang-Bi capsule (WB) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM-based herbal formula used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) in clinical practice. It is effective in ameliorating the disease symptoms of collagen II-induced RA (CIA) and monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA (MIA) in rats. The Role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants against Obesity and Arthritis: A Review -- There is a link between obesity and rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, fatty liver disease, oxidative stress, and chronic kidney diseases. In 2016, around 1.9 billion adults (aged > 18 years) were overweight. The review describes treatment options derived from medicinal, spice and aromatic plants. Targeted Immunotherapy for Autoimmune Disease -- In the past few decades, biological drugs and small molecule inhibitors targeting inflammatory cytokines, immune cells, and intracellular kinases have become the standard-of-care to treat autoimmune diseases. B cell depletion therapy using anti-CD20 mAbs has shown promising results in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases, and inhibition of B cell survival factors is approved for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Small molecule kinase inhibitors targeting the JAK family have garnered great interest in the field of autoimmune and hematologic diseases. Role of the CXCL13/CXCR5 Axis in Autoimmune Diseases -- CXCL13 is a B-cell chemokine produced mainly by mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer cells, follicular dendritic cells, and human T follicular helper cells. It plays an important role in lymphoid neogenesis, lymphoid organization, and immune responses. It is implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren’s syndrome and myasthenia gravis. Suicide Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients is Associated With Suboptimal Vitamin D Levels -- Suicide risk in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is associated with low vitamin D levels. RA is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases that can cause disability if not diagnosed and treated on time. In Mexico, the suicide rate has grown from 1 in 13 in 1970 to 13 in 2017. Role of extracellular matrix proteoglycans in immune cell recruitment -- Leucocyte recruitment is a critical component of the immune response. Proteoglycans play a similar role in inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and cancer. A review summarizes what is currently known about the role of the extracellular matrix in the different stages of leucocytes' recruitment. Efficacy and Safety of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases (Rheumatoid Arthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Ankylosing Spondylitis): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial -- There are 18 RCTs involving 5 autoimmune diseases and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation was found to be effective for RA, SLE, inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and multiple sclerosis. There were no obvious adverse events of MSCs. More studies are needed to confirm the conclusions. Activities and Molecular Mechanisms of Diterpenes, Diterpenoids, and Their Derivatives in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Diterpenes and their derivatives have many biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. This study summarizes the literature about diterpened derivatives acting against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) until 31 August 2021. Dimethylamino group modified polydopamine nanoparticles with positive charges to scavenge cell-free DNA for rheumatoid arthritis therapy -- Chen, Ying, Wang, Yonglin, Jiang, Xianfang, Cai, Jinhong, Chen, Yuting, Huang, Hanji, Yang, Yuan, Zheng, Li, Zhao, Jinmin, Gao, Ming have developed nanoparticles with positive charges to scavenge cell-free DNA for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Perspectives of JAK Inhibitors for Large Vessel Vasculitis -- Vasculitis is an inflammation of the blood vessels caused by autoimmunity and/or autoinflammation. Glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide are the standard of care. B-cell depletion therapy with rituximab has become available for treating antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV). Avacopan, an inhibitor of the complement 5a receptor, was shown to have high efficacy in remission induction against AAV. In LVV, tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, was effective in suppressing relapse and has steroid-sparing effects. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have emerged as therapeutic The Potential of Gut Microbiota Metabolic Capability to Detect Drug Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients -- Gut microbiota plays an essential role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and affects drug responses. Han, Maozhen, Zhang, Na, Mao, Yujie, Huang, Bingbing, Ren, Mengfei, Peng, Zhangjie; Bai, Zipeng, Chen, Long, Liu, Yan, Wang, Shenghai, Cheng, Zhixiang studied methotrexate (MTX) as an example of RA drugs. They found that the gut microbiota harbored various genes involved in MTX metabolism in healthy individuals and RA patients. Their findings provide bases for clinical management of RA and other gut-related diseases. Angiogenic T Cells: Potential Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease in Autoimmune Diseases? -- Angiogenic T cells (TAng) are potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of interstitial lung disease in autoimmune diseases. TAng frequency was found between AD-ILD(+) and IPF, being in both cases lower than that observed in AD/ILD(+ and HC/HC. MCTR3 reprograms arthritic monocytes to upregulate Arginase-1 and exert pro-resolving and tissue-protective functions in experimental arthritis -- MCTR3 reprograms arthritic monocytes to upregulate Arginase-1 and exert pro-resolving and tissue-protective functions in experimental arthritis. MCTR is negatively correlated with joint disease activity and severity in RA patients. Arg-1 inhibition reversed both the anti-arthritic and tissue reparative actions of MCTr3-reprogrammed monocytes. Formulation of Glycyrrhizic Acid-based Nanocomplexes for Enhanced Anti-cancer and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Curcumin -- In this study, nanocomplexes composed of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) derived from the root of the licorice plant were formulated for the delivery of curcumin (CUR). They produced nanosized complexes with a size of 164.8 ± 51.7 nm, which greatly enhanced the solubility of CUR in aqueous solution. Most of the CURs were released within 12 h. They exhibited excellent intracellular uptake in human breast cancer cells, indicating enhanced anti-cancer effects compared to free CUR. Serum Antigenome Profiling Reveals Diagnostic Models for Rheumatoid Arthritis -- The study aimed to investigate the serum antigens profiling in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and determine potential diagnostic biomarkers using label-free proteomic technology implemented with machine-learning algorithm. It identified 62, 71, and 49 DEPs in RA, ACPA-positive RA, and ACPA -negative RA, respectively. Accurate Machine Learning Model to Diagnose Chronic Autoimmune Diseases Utilizing Information From B Cells and Monocytes -- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic autoimmune diseases associated with progressive widespread organ damage. Diagnosing SLE, MS, and RA is a challenging process that relies on a set of criteria. The average time from symptom onset to diagnosis confirmation was two years. The Immunomodulatory Properties of Vitamin D -- Vitamin D has both immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects on the immune system. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the development of several autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and multiple sclerosis. It is involved in the regulation of the innate immunity. Vitamin D Deficiency in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: Association with Clinical Manifestations and Immune Activation Markers -- Vitamin D deficiency is related to the development of autoimmune disorders. Sjögren’s syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease affecting the exocrine glands. The aim of the study is to measure serum vitamin D levels in consecutive patients with primary SJögren's syndrome and investigate the relationship between the levels and the presence of immunologic markers. Rituximab - Progress but Still Not a Final Resolution for Pemphigus Patients: Clinical Report From a Single Center Study -- Pemphigus is a rare autoimmune disease with an incidence in Croatia of 3.7 new patients per 1 million inhabitants per year. Rituximab emerged as the first-line therapeutic option for pemophigus due to its ability to induce remission by depleting peripheral B lymphocytes. A single-center, retrospective study was conducted on 19 patients treated with RITUXIMAB following a rheumatoid arthritis dosing protocol between October 2015 and March 2021. 13 out of 19 patients experienced complete remission at some point during the study, while there were no non-responders. Utility of Baseline Transcriptomic Analysis of Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovium as an Indicator for Long-Term Clinical Outcomes -- Anaparti, Vidyanand, Wiens, Dana, O'Neil, Hubbard, Erika, Smolik, Irene, Hitchon, Peter E., El-Gabalawy, Hani studied the baseline synovial transcriptome from early inflammatory arthritis patients (EIA) to identify pretreatment biomarkers that could potentially provide insights into long-term functional outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). They identified 5 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EIA patients. The effects of custom-made foot orthoses on foot pain, foot function, gait function, and free-living walking activities in people with psoriatic arthritis (PsA): a pre-experimental trial -- The pre-experimental trial of custom-made foot orthoses (CFO) in people with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) found significant improvements in foot pain and foot function after 7 weeks of CFO use. Large-scale and controlled studies are needed to confirm the findings. A retrospective study of the efficacy of JAK inhibitors or abatacept on rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease -- The study looked at the effectiveness of Janus-kinase inhibitors (JAKis) or abatacept (ABA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). It found that treatment with JAKis or ABA was related to stability or improvement of RA-ILD in 83.9% and 88.6% of patients, respectively. De-Escalation of Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Agents and Reduction in Adverse Effects: A Systematic Review -- De-escalation of anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) agents does not reduce infections or skin reactions among patients with inflammatory conditions. It should not be recommended for the sole purpose of reducing drug-related adverse effects. Content, Structure and Delivery Characteristics of Yoga Interventions for Managing Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review Protocol -- The global burden of rheumatoid arthritis among adults is rising. This systematic review aims to synthesise the content, structure and delivery characteristics of effective yoga interventions for managing arthritis. Randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of yoga interventions will be included in the review. Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis Anno 2022 -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory joint disease with a prevalence of 460 per 100,000 people. RA is characterized by chronic and destructive synovitis, leading to irreversible joint damage. RA also causes problems beyond the joints, such as interstitial lung disease, vasculitis and cardiovascular disease. Anti-rheumatic medication partly reduces the CVD risk in RA patients. Bruton’s Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Immunological Diseases: Current Status and Perspectives -- Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have changed the management of patients with B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Ibrutinib is the first covalent irreversible BTK inhibitor approved in 2013 as a breakthrough therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. BTK inhibitors have been investigated in various autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immune thrombocytopenia, multiple sclerosis, pemphigus vulgaris, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s disease, and chronic spontaneous urticaria. The pathogenesis of inflammatory disease: Surgical shock and multiple system organ failure -- Parke and V. Parke discuss the role of oxidative stress and microcirculatory arrest in promoting MSOF, and the antioxidant defence system, GSH, the antioxidant vitamins, A, C and E, and fibronectin in preventing this. They also discuss the relationship between surgical shock and MSOF. Veterinary Immunology and Serology: Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics -- DiUlio, Maggie and Maggie discuss the diagnostic procedures in veterinary immunology, serology, and infectious diseases. The number of species that might be included in veterinary diagnostics is almost limitless, but for the sake of brevity only the most common (canine, feline, and equine) are included. Vasculitis -- Vasculitis is characterized by inflammation and necrosis. It can present clinically as urticaria, purpura, papules, nodules, erythema, ulcer, infarct, or livedo reticularis. A skin biopsy would provide information regarding the size of the involved vessels and the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate. The optimal time frame would be 24-48 hours after lesion onset. Collagen Vascular Diseases and Disorders of Connective Tissue -- Collagen vascular diseases are a diverse group of systemic inflammatory disorders thought to be immunologically mediated. Pleuropulmonary manifestations are a significant source of morbidity and mortality for patients with collagen vascular diseases. An estimated 1600 deaths result from pulmonary manifestations of collagen vascular disease each year in the United States. Gold salts, D-penicillamine and allopurinol -- Gold salts have been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis since 1927. Chrysotherapy is the second-line treatment of the disease. Before the introduction of orally administered gold compound, auranofin, parenterally administered gold salts, such as sodium aurothiomalate and gold thioglucose comprised chrysotherapy. Management of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient with Interstitial Lung Disease -- The management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has changed dramatically over the past 15-20 years. With the introduction of novel therapies comes a wider choice in selecting the best treatment for the individual patient. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the most common respiratory manifestations in patients with RA. Serious respiratory adverse events (SRAEs) in the patient with RA on treatment for their joint disease may be due to induction of 'pneumonitis' or idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions. Dysbiosis, Probiotics, and Prebiotics: In Diseases and Health -- The disruption of a working microbiome is referred to as dysbiosis and is a condition where the fine balance between the microbial communities and the host is disturbed. It can cause various diseases such as cancer, irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, acne, gastric ulcers, obesity and hypertension. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are potent therapeutic tools designed to rectify this situation. Biomarker Development in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases -- Katsanos, Aristeidis, Kyriakidi, Karassa, Fotini B., Politis, Dimitrios, Skamnelos, Christodoulou, Katsanos, Konstantinos H. discuss the development of biomarkers for chronic inflammatory conditions. Selective and Dual Targeting of CCR2 and CCR5 Receptors: A Current Overview -- There is growing interest in CCR2 and CCR5 receptor antagonists for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Maraviroc is the only FDA- and EMEA-approved drug that targets the CCR4 receptor. The CCR3 receptor has become a promising target in the therapy of atherosclerosis. B-Cell Targeted Therapies in Autoimmune Cytopenias and Thrombosis -- B-cell depleting agents are used to treat autoimmune hematologic cytopenias such as ITP, Evans syndrome, cold and warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Since the advent of Rituximab and other compounds targeting B cells, a cornucopia of medical applications have been found for this family of compounds. Glucocorticoids (as an Etiologic Factor) -- Adrenocortical hormones were first prepared from the adrenal gland by Kendall in 1935. Hench et al. observed a miraculous effect of cortisone in a patient with severe rheumatoid arthritis 13 years later. Since then, glucocorticoids have been used as a first-line therapy for immune-mediated conditions or as an adjunctive therapy in many inflammatory, infectious, or malignant diseases. In 1957, the first case of GI-FHON was reported. Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 Alpha (MIP-1 alpha)/CCL3: As a Biomarker -- Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1a/CCL3) is a chemotactic chemokine secreted by macrophages. It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, multiple myeloma, Sjögren syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. Biological fluids from patients with these diseases exhibit elevated levels of M IP-1A/CBL3. MIP/CCL3 protein may have diagnostic potential for the detection of several inflammatory diseases and conditions. Infliximab Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Simultaneously Increases TNF‐α Protein Levels and Reduces mRNA Expression in the Blood -- Infliximab treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients increases TNF-α protein levels and reduces mRNA expression in the blood. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. In Italy, incidence is lower, with the exception for Sardinia, where it is higher. Autoantibodies in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Autoantibodies are useful diagnostic serological markers in rheumatoid arthritis. They are often and show higher specificity for RA. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by recurrent inflammation involving macrophages and their inflammatory mediators. In Italy, incidence is lower, with the exception for Sardinia, where it is higher. Plasma TNF‐Binding Capacity and Soluble TNF Receptors in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis -- TNFR levels in JIA patients were slightly reduced, but the capacity to bind TNF was increased in plasma samples. MS from Stockholm was associated with higher levels of LXR-a compared to MS from Sassari, Sardinia and Stockholm. The Role of Immune Complexes Consisting of Myelin Basic Protein (MBP), Anti‐MBP Antibodies and Complement in Promoting CD4(+) T‐cell Responses to MBP in Health and Multiple Sclerosis -- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition characterized by degeneration of nerve fibre myelin sheets. Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a candidate autoantigen that is a predictor of MS. MBP promotes the formation of complement (C) activating immune complexes (ICs) between MBP and natural autoantibodies in healthy individuals and disease-associated anti-MBP antibodies in MS patients. Oral Complementary Medicine Use among People with Inflammatory Arthritis: An Australian Rheumatology Association Database Analysis -- Oral complementary medicine (CM) use is common among Australians with inflammatory arthritis. Its use is greater among women and those with tertiary education. The most common CMs were fish oils (N = 1,489 users) followed by glucosamine ( N = 605). Both declined in use between 2006 and 2016. Animal models for human disease -- Reza Khorramizadeh, M. Saadat and Farshid discuss animal models for human disease. They explain collagen-induced arthritis as an animal model that reflects a characteristic feature of RA patients and EAE as an experimental model for MS. Type III intermediate filaments as targets and effectors of electrophiles and oxidants -- Viedma-Poyatos, Álvaro, Pajares, María A., Pérez-Sala, Dolores and their colleagues discuss the role of type III intermediate filaments in cell mechanics, signaling and homeostasis. Vimentin, desmin, peripherin and GFAP are important components of the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton and are expressed in specific cell types. Their cysteine residue is a hot spot for oxidants and electrophiles. Basic Science of PET Imaging for Inflammatory Diseases -- FDG-PET/CT has recently emerged as a useful tool for the evaluation of inflammatory diseases. The imaging is based on active glucose utilization by inflammatory tissue. Inflammatory cells and cancer cells seem to share the same molecular mechanism of elevated glucose metabolism. Therapeutic Effects of Tryptanthrin and Tryptanthrin-6-Oxime in Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that involves inflammation and progressive damage to distal joints. New therapeutic approaches should be developed to prevent inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and bone destruction associated with this disease. Natural products have been shown to exhibit potential for treatment of inflammatory diseases. Efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of a web-based platform delivering the results of a biomarker-based predictive model of biotherapy response for rheumatoid arthritis patients: a protocol for a randomized multicenter single-blind active controlled clinical trial (PREDIRA) -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the leading chronic inflammatory rheumatism. First-line therapy with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (sDMARD) is insufficiently effective in 40% of cases and patients are treated with biotherapies. The increased use of these drugs each year is becoming a public health issue with considerable economic burden. The study is a prospective, phase III, controlled, multicenter, and randomized, single-blind (patient) clinical trial, including RA patients with a previous failure to anti-TNF therapies. The main objective is the analysis of the clinical and pharmacoeconomic impact after 6 months of treatment. Largely Accelerated Arterial Aging in Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Associated With Inflammatory Activity and Smoking in the Early Stage of the Disease -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have a shorter life expectancy than the general population due to cardiovascular comorbidities. Arterial aging is faster in RA patients than in control subjects. Inflammation, previous cardiovascular events, and smoking are additional contributing factors to the intensified coronary atherosclerosis progression. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Pneumococcal Infections -- Inflammasomes are innate immune sensors that regulate caspase-1 mediated inflammation in response to environmental, host- and pathogen-derived factors. Inflammasome activation is implicated in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and diabetes. In contrast, NLRP3 inflammaesome is an important defense mechanism against microbial infections. Pneumococcal infections are a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia worldwide. Nanomaterials for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inflammatory Arthritis -- Nanomaterials have received increasing attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflammatory arthritis is an autoimmune heterogenous group of joint disorders associated with pain, stiffness, bone erosion, synovial hyperplasia, and progressive joint destruction. O07 The increase in erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume by methotrexate is potentiated by hydroxychloroquine and is an early indicator of clinical response in rheumatoid arthritis -- Methotrexate increases erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume (MCV). MCV is an early indicator of clinical response in rheumatoid arthritis. The combination of methotrexate with hydroxychloroquine and hydroxy chloroquine is the most effective treatment for RA. Circulating and Synovial Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) Expression Levels Correlate With Rheumatoid Arthritis Severity and Tissue Infiltration Independently of Conventional Treatments Response -- Praxin-3 (PTX3) expression is a reliable marker of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity and predicts a high degree of structural damages at 12-months. High synovial and peripheral blood levels of PTX3 are associated with chronic inflammation characteristic of RA. Comparison of the efficacy and safety indicators of DMARDs for rheumatoid arthritis: A network meta-analysis -- Tocilizumab and Sarilumab are the best antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis according to a network meta-analysis. The prevalence of RA ranges from 0.4% to 1.3% and is associated with gender and region of residence. Effect of Leptin on Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Insights to Therapeutic Target to Prevent Further Cardiovascular Complication -- The review mainly assesses the mechanism of leptin on the pathogenesis and further cardiovascular risk complication of chronic inflammatory disorders. Therapeutic target of leptin regarding its pro-inflammatory effect and dysregulated sympathetic nervous system activity may prevent further cardiovascular complication. Disease Differentiation and Monitoring of Anti-TNF Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthropathies -- Bogunia-Kubik, Katarzyna, Wojtowicz, Swierkot, Jerzy, Mielko, Karolina Anna, Qasem, Badr, Wielińska, Renata, Pruss, Łukasz, Młynarz, Piotr are the authors of the study. They studied the metabolomics of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Quality of a Supporting Mobile App for Rheumatic Patients: Patient-Based Assessment Using the User Version of the Mobile Application Scale (uMARS) -- The study looked at the quality of the self-management app Rheuma Auszeit for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and spondyloarthritis in German patients. It found that it was well-accepted by German patients suffering from these conditions. The study underlines the potential and feasibility of therapeutic digital solutions in rheumaticology. Warm, Sweetened Milk at the Twilight of Immunity - Alzheimer’s Disease - Inflammaging, Insulin Resistance, M. paratuberculosis and Immunosenescence -- Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) is a precipitant of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Autophagy is the cellular housekeeping process that manages protein quality control and recycling, cellular metabolism, and pathogen elimination. MAP is a zoonotic mycobacterial infection that causes fatal enteritis in ruminants. India has extensively studied the human bio-load of MAP. Role of microRNA Shuttled in Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells for Osteoarticular Disease Treatment -- Osteoarticular diseases (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are chronic autoimmune/inflammatory and age-related diseases that affect the joints and other organs. Cell therapy using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is an alternative treatment due to their immunomodulatory and tissue differentiation capacity. Recently, acellular therapy based on MSC secreted factors has raised the attention of several studies. A Network Biology Approach to Understanding the Tissue-Specific Roles of Non-Coding RNAs in Arthritis -- Non-coding RNAs are key regulators of gene expression in the musculoskeletal system. They are transcribed from DNA but not translated into protein. MicroRNAs have received widespread attention for their roles in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. LncRNAs act as molecular decoys, sequestering miRNAs and preventing interaction with gene targets. Identification of Peptides as Novel Inhibitors to Target IFN-γ, IL-3, and TNF-α in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus -- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a common type of lupus that causes tissue and organ damage due to the wide spread of inflammation. Twenty anti-inflammatory peptides from plant and animal sources were docked as ligands or peptides counter to proinflammatory cytokines. The peptide DEDTQAMMPFR could be used as a potential drug candidate to target IFN-γ, IL-3, and TNF-α. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Biopharmaceuticals for Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis: Infliximab, Adalimumab, and Etanercept -- Infliximab is more cost-effective than Adalimumab and Etanercept in treating rheumatoid arthritis in Iran. The study was carried out on 154 patients with RA in Fars province taking these medications. CD8+ cell somatic mutations in multiple sclerosis patients and controls—Enrichment of mutations in STAT3 and other genes implicated in hematological malignancies -- Valori, Miko, Jansson, Lilja, Tienari, Pentti Jansson and Lilja studied CD8+ cell somatic mutations in MS patients and controls. They found activating STAT3 mutations and enrichment to SMARCA2, DNMT3A, SOCS1 and PPP3CA genes. The mutations showed statistically significant clustering to the STAT3 gene. Investigating Antiarthritic Potential of Nanostructured Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) in FCA-Induced Arthritic Rats: Pharmaceutical Action and Delivery Strategies -- Shakeel, Faiyaz, Alam, Prawez, Ali, Abuzer, Alqarni, Mohammed H., Alshetaili, Abdullah, Ghoneim, Mohammed M., Alshehri, Sultan and Amena studied the antiarthritic potential of nanostructured Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) in FCA-Induced Arthritic Rats. Arthritis is a chronic condition caused by a disruption in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Effect of Crocus sativus (Saffron) Intake on Top of Standard Treatment, on Disease Outcomes and Comorbidities in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases: Synthesis without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) and Level of Adherence to the CONSORT Statement for Randomized Controlled Trials Delivering Herbal Medicine Interventions -- Saffron is a spice derived from the Crocus sativus L. flower and is a popular complementary and alternative medicine among patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs). The present systematic review aimed to summarize the available evidence regarding the efficacy of supplementation with saffron on disease outcomes and comorbidities in patients with RD diagnoses. The majority of trials demonstrated some concerns regarding overall bias. Stem Cell Mimicking Nanoencapsulation for Targeting Arthritis -- MSCs are promising regenerative therapy due to their ability to migrate toward damaged tissues. MSCs have many advantages in the treatment of malignant diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MSC mimicking nanoencapsulations are an alternative strategy that does not involve using MSC's or bioengineered ones. Practical Implementation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Deep Learning and Cloud Computing on the Application of Traditional Medicine and Western Medicine in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Wang, Shaohui, Hou, Ya, Li, Xuanhao, Meng, Xianli, Zhang, Yi, Wang, Xiaobo and others discuss the application of AI-assisted deep learning and cloud computing on the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Non-Invasive Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Fibromyalgia Symptoms: A Study Protocol -- Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease that causes chronic pain, fatigue, insomnia, sleep disorders, affective and emotional disorders, depression and anxiety, cognitive impairment, paresthesia, allergy symptoms, joint stiffness, tendinopathy, neuropathic and rheumatologic symptoms, chemical and skin hypersensitivity, irritable bowel syndrome, and other symptoms. Molero-Chamizo, Andrés, Nitsche, Michael A., Bolz, Armin, Andújar Barroso, Rafael Tomás, Alameda Bailén, José R., García Palomeque, Jesús Carlos, Rivera-Urbina, Guadalupe Nathzidy propose a non-invasive Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Activity in Anti-TNF-Treated Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients -- Soós, Boglárka, Fagyas, Miklós. Horváth, Ágnes, Végh, Edit, Pusztai, Anita, Czókolyová, Monika, Hamar, Attila, Pethő, Zsófia, Bodnár, Nóra, Kerekes, György, Hodosi, Katalin, Szekanecz, Éva, Szamosi, Szilvia, Szűcs, Gabriella, Papp, Zoltán and Zoltan are the authors of the study. Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Study of the Chinese Miao Medicine Sidaxue in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- SX is a Chinese herbal medicine prescribed for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study used network pharmacology to identify the key targets and signaling pathways in the treatment of RA. The main functional pathways involving these key targets include PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. SX can improve joint swelling in Collagen-induced arthritis rats, reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and angiogenesis in joint synovial tissue. Synoviale Veränderungen bei Erkrankungen des rheumatologischen Formenkreises und Differenzialdiagnosen -- The investigation of alterations to synovial tissue can contribute to the diagnosis of joint and systemic diseases. The histological picture of granulomatous synovitis can be caused by a mycobacterial infection, sarcoidosis and foreign body reactions. The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Pathway analysis of smoking-induced changes in buccal mucosal gene expression -- Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide and the most common cause of oral cancers. The study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the molecular pathways in the oral cavity that are altered by exposure to cigarette smoke. The gene expression dataset of buccal mucosa samples from smokers and never smokers was downloaded from The National Center for Biotechnology Information's (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. Differential expression was ascertained via NCBI’s GEO2R software, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software was used to perform a pathway analysis. 459 genes were found to be significantly differentially expressed in smoker bucca. 261 genes were over Nanoenzyme engineered neutrophil-derived exosomes attenuate joint injury in advanced rheumatoid arthritis via regulating inflammatory environment -- Nanoenzyme engineered neutrophil-derived exosomes attenuate joint injury in advanced rheumatoid arthritis. Prussian blue nanoparticles (BNPs) can effectively relief oxidative stress by catalyzing oxygen radicals. PBNPs has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Dermoscopic appearance of an amelanotic mucosal melanoma -- A female in her seventies, skin phototype II, presented to her gynecologist with a new lesion on the inside of her right labia minora. She had a history of rheumatoid arthritis requiring treatment with methotrexate for 20 years and adalimumab for 10 years. She was prescribed acyclovir 5% cream and a hydrocortisone 1% / clotrimazole 1% cream for two weeks. A biopsy was taken of a part of the nodule and she was diagnosed with an amelanotic melanoma. Infliximab-induced intertriginous psoriasis in patient with Crohn's desease -- Infliximab-induced intertriginous psoriasis in a 32-year-old male patient with Crohn’s disease of the ileum and descending colon was treated with infliximab at the dose of 5 mg/Kg at the week 0, 2, 6 and afterwards every 14 weeks. After the fifth infusion he developed erythematous patches with peripheral scaling in the axillary folds and inguinal areas and sebopsoriasis on the face and neck. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor as a Therapeutic Target for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases -- Imatinib mesylate inhibits the activation of PDGF receptor as well as c-Abl, Bcr and c-Kit tyrosine kinases. It has been widely used for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia and gastroin-testinal stromal tumors. Imatinib may overcome the limitations of current therapeutic strategy with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents for refractory diseases. Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Sinomenine: The Mechanical and Electropharmacological Actions -- Sinomenine is one of the alkaloids extracted from Chinese medical plant Sinomenium acutum Rehder et Wilson. Sinomenine has been used for Rheumatoid arthritis and heart failure. It is an anti-inflamatory and immunomodulative drug. It suppresses Ca2+ current and suppresses dysrhythmias. Microscopic Colitis is Associated with Several Concomitant Diseases -- Bodil Roth, Jonas Manjer and Bodil Ohlsson are studying the relationship between Microscopic Colitis (MC) and a number of autoimmune diseases in middle-aged women with the disease. They found that MC patients have an increased prevalence of several autoimmune diseases, including high levels of former or current smokers. THREE STATE MARKOV MODEL: COMPARING THREE PARAMETERIZATIONS OF THE TRANSITION INTENSITY RATE. APPLICATION TO RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DATA -- Juan Carlos Salazar, René Iral Palomino, Enrique Calvo, Adriana Rojas, María Eugenia Hincapié, Juan Manuel Anaya, Francisco Javier Díaz, and Juan Carlos Anaya apply the Three State Markov model of the transition intensity rate to rheumatoid arthritis data. Budget impact analysis of the use of rituximab in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Italy -- Budget impact analysis was performed to evaluate the cost implications for the Italian National He-alth Service of the introduction of rituximab (RTX) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The adoption of RTX as a second line produced a substantial saving in total costs. Cost-utility analysis of abatacept in rheumatoid arthritis in Italy -- Simona de Portu, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Ignazio Olivieri, and others studied the cost-utility of abatacept, a new selective T-cell co-stimulation modulator for rheumatoid arthritis in Italy. They found it to be more effective than anti-TNFs. Trattamento con etanercept dei soggetti con artrite reumatoide in Italia: considerazioni economiche -- L’artrite reumatoide (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the joints and leading to work disability in half of the patients. The prevalence in Italy is estimated to be around 0.5%. In Italia, the preva-lenza dell’AR sia lo 0,5% (circa 300,000 malati). Two anti-TNF-α agents are available in Italy: etanercept and infliximab. Valutazione economica di Infliximab (Remicade®) vs Etanercept (Enbrel®) nel trattamento dell’artrite reumatoide -- Infliximab (Remicade) vs. Etanercept (Enbrel) is the best treatment for Rheumatoid arthritis (AR) in Italy. Arthritoid arthritis is one of the most severe chronic pathologies affecting the whole organism. The prevalence of AR in Italy is about 0.5%. The introduction of new drugs with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor necrotic agents is a great advance in the management of AR. Neridronato nel trattamento dell’osteogenesi imperfetta: prestazioni cliniche ed economiche di un farmaco orfano -- Neridronate is an injectable amino-bisphosphonate. It is used for the treatment of osteoge-thusnesis imperfecta (OI). It is also used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis, Paget’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis. ADHERENCE TO METHOTREXATE IN IRAQI PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS : A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY -- Methotrexate (MTX) is the most widely used disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In RA, medication adherence is variable and sub-optimal. A cross sectional study was conducted at Rheumatology Clinic/Baghdad over a period from January-June 2020. It found that young age, middle-high educational level and good socio-economic state increase the regular MTX intake. THE ROLE OF HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE AS MONOTHERAPY IN MANAGING EARLY UNDIFFERENTIATED ARTHRITIS: A PROSPECTIVE HOSPITAL-BASED STUDY -- Early undifferentiated arthritis (EUA) is a common form of arthritis with no definitive diagnosis. Female patients are more commonly affected than male ones. EUA is more common among middle aged people than other people. Most EUA patients are well responded to the hydroxychloroquine treatment. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Levels and Related Parameters in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Prone to Atherosclerosis -- The study aimed to estimate the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and visfatin as a pro inflammatory marker in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) according to the activity of the disease. It found a significant increase in GLp-1 with CRP for RA patients and a significant decrease for the control group. Study of IL-33 and IL-1R4 in Iraqi Rheumatoid Arthritis Female Patient's with and without Dyslipidemia Prone to Atherosclerosis -- Study of IL-33 and IL-1R4 in Iraqi Rheumatoid Arthritic Female Patient's with and without dyslipidemia Prone to Atherosclerosis. Results show an increase in ESR, RF, IL-3, and IL/IL/R4 levels and a decrease in the ratio between the two groups. Estimation of pentraxin-3(PTX3)in Rheumatoid arthritis males patients with (with and without) type II diabetes mellitus in Iraq -- Pentraxin-3(PTX3) is a protein that is structurally unrelated to the Pentraxin family. It is thought to play a role in rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus and asthma. The study found a significant increase in PTX3 levels in G1 and G2 compared to G3 and a significant decrease in G2. Estimation of Some Biomarkers and Cholesterol / HDL Ratio to Predict the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- There is a conference on cardiovascular disease at IHICCPASIH. 70 Iraqi patients newly diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (male and female) and 30 healthy served as control. The serum samples were taken to determine myocardial markers. The cholesterol/HDL ratio increased significantly in RA patients compared with healthy. Elevated Levels of Sialic Acid and Lipid-Associated Sialic Acid in Plasma of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients -- Sialic acid is a marker of inflammation. It is used in the treatment of several diseases, including neuropathic and inflammatory diseases and certain tumours. It can also be a good marker for discriminating between non-malignant and malignant malignancies. CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES: FOCUS ON MICROCIRCULATORY BED -- Microcirculation is a target, source and reason of the pathological process in people with connective tissue diseases. The study focused on biopsy material of skin flaps harvested from patients’ fingers to identify specific morphological changes. Most patients involved suffered from abnormal peripheral hemodynamics. Kidneys, lungs or heart were damaged more frequently in the patients with peripheral blood circulation disorders. Cytokine Profile in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis -- The cytokine serum levels were measured by EASIA in sera from 50 RA patients and 40 healthy donors. IL-2, IL-6, IFN-δ and TNF-α levels were elevated in serum samples of RA patients compared with apparently healthy controls. Proinflammatory cytokines profile in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis -- Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints. Shahlaa M.Saleh, PhD, Jabbar R. Zangor, PhD and 50 patients with a diagnosis of RA had positive test results between January 2008 and May 2009. Results showed a significant increase in TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and GM-CSF in patients with RA. Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) in Rheumatoid Arthritis in patients (RA) -- Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an indicator of the proliferation and differencing of lymphocytes. ADA is lower in RA patients than in the control group. ADA may be due to the predominance of CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood. Correlation between some immunological parameters and clinical presentation in RA patients -- Nahida Abbas, Eman, Samira, Ali, Obeidy, Al-Naim, Ali Kadim, and Samira studied the correlation between C, CRP, IgM, IgG, IgA, SRI A, and some clinical presentation in 74 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritritis. Oxidative Stress & C – Reactive Protein In Patients With Arthritis -- Oxidative damage has been suggested to play a key role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Many studies had shown that those patients have low antioxidants level and are at risk of increased oxidative stress. Serum TAS, MDA and CRP levels were measured in 16 RA and 24 OA patients and compared with those obtained from 25 healthy controls. TAS was significantly lower in RA group than in the OA and control groups. MDA, CRP and age were significant negative correlations between TAS and MDA. Possible Role of Interleukin-6 in Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Interleukin-6 plays a key role in the autoimmune disease Rheumatoid arthritis. The IL-6 concentration in the sera of 75 RA patients has been estimated using an ELISA technique. For most RA patients with high levels, HLA-DR4 was found to be present. Rheumatiod Factor isotype in Rheumatiod Arthritis patients . -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease that affects synovial membrane of diarthridal joints. RF is a form of IgA, IgG, IgM, IgA or IgG isotype found in 74 patients with RA. Some Immunological Profile of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Seventy-four cases of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), fifty cases of systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE), and thirty healthy normal controls were investigated for detection of RF, total serum immunoglobulins (Igs), antinuclear antibody (ANA), and anti-double stranded DNA (anti-ds DNA). RA showed 58.1% positive for RF, SLE showed 14% positivity in SLE and 6.6% in normal individuals. Serum Lipids in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis And It's Relation to Drug Therapy -- Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version is available at: http://www.simpopdf.com, and it is available as a PDF and as a split unregistered version. It is available in English and in German. possible protective role of interleukin-4 in rheumatoid arthritis -- Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com/simpo/simpopdf-merge-splich-unregistered-v2.html is available. It's a merge and unregistered version. The Role of Resistin in Patients with Primary Fibromyalgia -- Mohammed H. Alosami and his team studied the role of resistin in the pathogenesis of Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). They found that resistin concentration was higher in FMS patients than in the control group. They also found that it was positively correlated with waist circumference and age. Role of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Correlation with Disease Activity. -- Ahmed A. H. Al-Hassan and his colleagues studied the role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in Rheumatoid arthritis. They found a positive correlation between the levels of IL-1A, IL-2, IL-6, I-LIL-8, I-IL-12 and TNF-A and activity of the disease. Serum Level of TNF-α and IL-17 in Patient Have Chronic Periodontitis Associated Rheumatoid Arthritis -- There is growing evidence that chronic periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis share many pathological features. The current study shows a positive correlation between serum levels of IL-17 and TNF-α and the number of missing teeth in the current study. It also shows a higher rate of gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing. The study of tempromandibular joint disorders and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in serum and saliva of patients with rheumatoid arthritis -- Raja F. Khidhir, B.S., Raja H. Al-Jubouri, M.Sc., Ph.D., and Raya M. Khidsir studied the relationship between tempromandibular joint disorders and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in serum and saliva of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Salivary C- reactive protein in relation to periodontal health among a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Iraq -- Maisaa Abdul Qadir, B.D.S, H.S., Athraa M. Al-Waheb, M.Sc. and J. Bagh College Dentistry studied salivary C-reactive protein in relation to periodontal health among a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Iraq. Identification Bioactive Compound of Ethanol-Water Fraction of Coleus atropurpureus for Anti-rheumatic Rheumatism in CFA-induced Rats -- Coleus atropurpureus did not act as an anti-rheumatic arthritis agent in CFA-induced rats. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for pain and to slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Cotrimoxazole as adjuvant therapy in critical ill COVID 19 patients -- Cotrimoxazole can be used as an adjuvant therapy in critical ill COVID-19 patients. It is an antibiotic with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. It has some side effects, but is well-tolerated among the population. CASE REPORT: Effects of Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cell Transplant and Exercise Training Program on Rheumatoid Arthritis -- A 65-year-old female patient from Rawalpindi was diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis. She was treated with autologous bone marrow derived stem cell transplantation and exercise training. After one year of treatment, the patient had improvement in all the signs and symptoms. Frequency of Red Cell Alloantibodies in Pregnant Women of North West Pakistan -- The study was conducted in one year November 2012 to October 2013 at the Haematology Department, Army Medical College, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) in collaboration with Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. A total of 600 samples were studied. The frequency of alloantibodies in pregnant women in this study was 0.5% (3/600). Prevalence of immunization specifically in Rh-negative blood group was 5.5%. Rh D antibodies are the only frequent antibodies in majority of pregnant women with Rh negative blood group. Dyslipidemia Among Patients of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Dyslipidemia was present in 48% of Rheumatoid Arthritis patients, whereas 74% of those who didn't have it were not at risk of cardiovascular diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment is mandatory to reduce morbidity and mortality. Editorial: Rheuminations -- Prashant Kaushik and Aarya A.Kaushik have been in medicine for 35+ years. Rheumatology was recognized as a subspecialty of medicine only in 1972. Biologics with disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (b-DMARDs) were approved by FDA in 1998. They are effective but expensive. Efficacy of Intrasheath Steroid Injection in Treating De Quervain's Disease -- There was an observational study on the effectiveness of intrasheath steroid injection in treating de Quervain's disease. It was carried out at BBS Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from April 2006 to September 2009. Eighty patients were given injections of 40 mg Methyl Prednisolone mixed with one ml of lignocaine 2% in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. 90% of them were cured and 75% required only one injection. Only two of them underwent surgical release. Editorial: Early Diagnoses of Rheumatoid Arthritis is Important. It should be Clinical not Lab Dependent -- Asim Zulfiqar is a professor of medicine at Riphah International Medical College in Islamabad. He wrote an article for JIIMC on the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. It was accepted on March 6, 2016. Diagnostic Usefulness of Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide and Anti-Mutated Citrullinated Vimentin Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients -- The study was conducted over a year from January 2010 to December 2010 at the University of Health Sciences, Lahore. 58 patients with rheumatoid arthritis fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Criteria were included in the study. A CCP antibody was positive in 9 out of 28 RF-ive patients. A MCV antibody was present in 11 out of 14 RF-veterans. The sensitivity of aMCV antibody in RF-vulnerable group was 39.2%. Alfacalcidol modulates oxidative stress parameters in the peripheral blood of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis -- Alfacalcidol modulates oxidative stress parameters in the peripheral blood of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. It also changed the response of RA patients’ PBMC to stimulation preventing the O2-production and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation. The activity of GPx was significantly lower in RA patients before treatment and after. Effect of range of motion and isometric strengthening exercises on grip strength and hand function in rheumatoid arthritis patients -- Yefta Daniel Bastiana, Angela BM Tulaar, Surjanto Hartono, Zuljasri Albar and Dr Yefta are authors of a study on the effect of range of motion and musclestrengthening exercises for 6 weeks on grip strength and hand function in chronic rheumatoid arthritis patients. The potential application of stem cell in dentistry -- Ketut Suardita is a professor at the Department of Conservative Dentistry at Airlangga University in Surabaya, Indonesia. Stem cells were found in dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone marrow. In medical therapy, stem cells have been used for engineering many tissues and organs. It is possible that the dentist could use stem cells to regenerate lost or damaged teeth and periodontals. Accuracy of ICD Codes for Identification: Review of Chlamydia, Gonorrhea and Syphilis -- Yenling Ho, Saurabh Rahurkar, Janet Arno, Brian E. Dixon, Marion County Public Health Department, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, and Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis. The purpose of this study is to review the literature for evidence on the validity of ICD-9-CM and -10-CM codes for the purpose of identifying chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis. A clinical study of surgical management of tendoachilles rupture by various modalities -- Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences 2021;11(3):401-405. Most Indians use Indian squatting type of toilets which is common cause of open injury to Achilles tendon. Achilles tendon ruptures are more common in males. Raghuram ram technique is safe and good method for chronic ruptures. Serological profile of rheumatoid arthritis in a tertiary care hospital -- P.K Surendran is an assistant professor at P.K Das Institute of Medical Science, Vaniyamkularn, Kerala, India. 150 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis were included in the prospective study carried out over a period of one year in a tertiary care teaching hospital between January 2017 and December 2017. 120 females and 30 males were included with a M:F ratio of 1:4. Joint involvement in Rheumatoid arthritis: Sonographic evaluation in comparison with Radiography -- Sharanayya, Shamrendra Narayan, Vandana Verma, Madhu Sharma, Anjana Pande, Vivek Jirankali, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, and Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, India. 55 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis underwent ultrasound and radiographic examination of wrist and hand. Role of Topical Cyclosporin in Scleritis: A Case Series -- Sameera Irfan, Harris Iqbal and Sameera. Irfan report on a series of cases of anterior, non-necrotizing scleritis that were effectively treated with topical 0.075% - 1% cyclosporine A and followed-up for a year. Long-Term Follow-up of Corneal and Sclero-Corneal Grafting in Severe Eye Perforations -- Qasim Mansoor, Roa Rashad Qamar, S. Biswas, H.P. Adhikary, and others studied the long-term follow-up of corneal and sclero-corneal grafts for perforated eyeballs over a period of 15 years. All the patients were able to keep their eyes with a variable amount of vision, except one patient who died after 4 months. An Easy Guide for Voice Evaluation in the Clinic -- Filipina T. Cevallos-Schnabel, MD, is an otolaryngologist. PhiliPPine Journal of Otolarynology-head and neck Surgery, Vol. 23 no. 2 July – december 2008, no. 52. The most common complaint is change in the quality of the voice or hoarseness. Exploring the Safety and Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Autoimmune Disease -- The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe-respiratory-coronavirus (SARS-V-11). Vaccines are our most effective line of defense against the rapidly spreading and mutating virion. There is significant vaccine hesitancy among those with autoimmune conditions who fear the vaccine may cause them more harm than good. Fusion of axis with third cervical vertebra: A case report -- Saba et al found a fusion of the axis with the third cervical vertebrae in a case report from King George’s Medical University, Lucknow-226003, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is a rare condition with an incidence of 0.4% to 0.7% with no sex predilection. The finding is noteworthy to neurosurgeons and radiologists. Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder. Therapies targeting specific molecular and cellular components of the inflammatory response are being used to treat RA and other autoimmune-mediated diseases. Genetic factors play an important role in disease susceptibility. An overview of the biological disease modifying drugs available for arthritic conditions in South Africa -- Biological DMARDs have been proven to be efficacious against the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) when there is no response or a poor response to traditional DMARD. The cost and effectiveness of the biological agents is an ongoing debate. A Quick and Painless Reminder: The Pharmacotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Primary Practice -- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an auto-immune disorder with an unknown aetiology and a chronic and degenerative nature. It is associated with synovitis, vasculitis, rheumatic lung disease, pericarditis and osteoarthritis. The presence of anti-cyclic citrullinated antibodies (ACPAs) may precede the onset of RA by up to ten years. Only 75% of RA patients are seropositive for RF or ACPAs. Blood flow in the forearm in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis and healthy subjects under local thermotherapy -- There are differences in temperature distribution between the methods of therapy. Increasing arm baths and mud packs have a stronger influence on the thermo reflexive skin perfusion on the forearm of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy subjects. The physiotherapist and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis -- Juvenile rheum atoid arthritis is a systemic disease affecting four or more joints. The peak onset ages of the disease are between one to three years of age and seven to ten years old. It is similar to the adult form, but it differs in the type of deformity and the age of onset. A profile of patients attending the physiotherapy department at the Alexandra Health Centre and University Clinic -- There is a lack of basic data on the profile of the patients seen at the PHYSIOTHERAPY DEPARTMENT at Alexandra Health Centre and University Clinic in Alexandra, South Africa. A health information system has been partially discontinued. The A H C is developing a Community Based Rehabilitation (C B R) program. The C B R program has 4 main components: research, mobilising the community, education and training, and clinical work. Place of Physiotherapy in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Page 6 of 1967's "A Rth Ritis society" summary is summarised in "The C a n a d ia n A rth ritis society". The society's aim is to cure sibility. Medical/Orthopaedic Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Rheumatoid Arthritis is a physical and physical disease. It is associated with c o n s titu tio n a l d is tu rb a n c e — fever, anaem ia, im p a irm e n t o f g ro w th in ch ild ren, and the presence of T h e rh e rh e fa c to r is present in the serum. Pain and physical activity levels among Rheumatoid Arthritis patients between the ages of 18 to 50 years in South Africa -- Rheumatoid arthritis is a musculoskeletal disorder with joint damage, disability and functional limitations. It can be treated with medication, but it can also be controlled with regular physical activity. It has been suggested that RA patients are less active due to joint and joint related problems. Land- and water-based exercises in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a series of case reports -- Arthritis is one of the main causes of human disability. Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common type of chronic inflammatory arthritis. The primary goal of exercise therapy for RA is to improve joint mobility, muscle strength and aerobic and functional capacity. There is a debate as to what type of exercise is the best for RA patients. Atlanto-axial fusion: Magerl transarticular versus Harms instrumentation techniques -- Atlanto-axial instability with post-traumatic and rheumatoid arthritis is a common condition. Transarticular screw fixation offers acceptably high fusion rates but is not possible in 18% of patients due to a high riding vertebral artery. Harms technique utilises a posterior C1 lateral mass and C2 pedicle screw. The Harms method had a slightly higher mean blood loss compared to the transarticular method. The radiological outcome of uncemented femoral stems in rheumatoid patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: results at minimum eight years -- Abughalya MS, Ryan P, Goga IE, and HDip MS wrote an article for South African Orthopaedic Journal. They report the radiological outcome of uncemented femoral stems in rheumatoid patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty at least 8 years after the operation. The outcome of first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis using a locking plate -- Meijer JG, Gräbe JC, Greyling P. and their colleagues studied the outcomes of arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint using a dorsal anatomical locking plate without making use of a compression cross screw fixation. They found high union rates and a low incidence of complications. A retrospective comparative study of complications after total knee replacement in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients -- Nansook, Ryan and Paul are authors of a study of complications after total knee replacement in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital in South Africa. Complications included DVT, revision surgery, revision, mechanical and mechanical complications, infection, and deep vein thrombosis. Truth or DAIR? A review of debridement, antibiotics and implant retention -- Debridement, antibiotics and implant retention (DAIR) is a viable treatment option in early post-operative and acute haematogenous periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) with a stable implant. DAIR has lower success rates compared to one- and two-stage revisions, but it maintains satisfactory outcomes in selected patient groups and similar outcomes to primary arthroplasty. Adult acquired flat foot deformity: The joint-preserving procedures in stage II tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction. -- The joint-preserving procedures for AAFF deformity due to stage II tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction are an effective and preferable option to arthrodesis. Twenty-two patients were included in the prospective study. The mean AOFAS post-operative score of 89 was significantly improved. The complication rate was very low. Correlates of rheumatoid arthritis among women in Albania -- Julia Kollcaku, Artur Kollaku and Koll caku studied the association of rheumatoid arthritis with socio-demographic and lifestyle factors among women in transitional Albania. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2012-2013 including a sample of 2198 women aged 30 years and above who attended the Rheumatology services at primary health care clinics in Tirana municipality (mean age 60.2±9.7 years). 437 (19.9%) women were diagnosed with arthritis. Association between Inflammatory Cytokines and Liver Functions in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients -- Mohamed Abdelrhman Eltahir, Kawthar Abdelgaleil Mohammedsalih, Elhaj Noureldien Mohamed, Faisal Makki Babekir, and Amar Mohamed Ismail are the authors of a research article in the Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences. They studied the association between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and liver function tests in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Minocycline-Induced Agranulocytosis Presenting as Ecthyma Gangrenosum -- A 51-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis was admitted for progressive fever, chills, malaise, shortness of breath, and a non-productive cough. She was diagnosed with minocycline-induced agranulocytosis presenting as ecthyma gangrenosum. She developed additional abscesses on her right ankle and right axilla and spiking fevers, so she was treated with an incision and drainage under general anesthesia. Skin biopsy revealed ulceration, necrosis, acute and chronic inflammation, vasculitis with vascular thrombosis, and rod-shaped bacteria in blood vessel walls and lumina consistent with ecthymas gangren New-Onset Vitiligo Following Etanercept for Ankylosing Spondylitis -- There is an increase in reports of immune-mediated skin diseases such as lichen planus, psoriasis, or granuloma annulare following the initiation of TNF-α inhibitors. A 19-year-old male with ankylosing spondylitis was switched to etanercept and developed vitiligo shortly after. Extensive Tinea Associated with Tofacitinib Therapy Masquerading as New-Onset SCLE -- A 71-year-old African American woman with rheumatoid arthritis developed a rash that spread from her stomach to her chest, back, shoulders and scalp after starting tofacitinib therapy for the arthritis. She had a history of inadequate response to or intolerance to methotrexate. Validity of Remission Criteria in Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared to Ultrasound-Defined Remission -- Yasmine Makhlouf, Kawther Ben Abdelghani, Saoussen Miladi, Alia Fazaa, Mariem Sallemi, Leila Souebni, Kamel Ben Salem, Leith Zakraoui, Ahmed Laatar, and Selma Kassab are in remission from rheumatoid arthritis at Mongi Slim Hospital in Tunis, Tunisia. The DAS28 is the most sensitive and specific score for RA remission. Radiological Analysis of Hind Paw Joint in Murine Rheumatoid Arthritis Model Treated Prophylactically Or Therapeutically with Cassia fistula versus Naproxen -- Cassia fistula has anti-inflammatory activity. It reduces the swelling of hind paw and deformity of interphalangeal joints in rats with rheumatoid arthritis. It is a potential weaker candidate to naproxen in the prevention and treatment of arthritis. Efficacy of Telmisartan in Pristane Induced Arthritis Rat Model -- Telmisartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker and PPAR-γ agonist and its anti-arthritic effects were evaluated. The study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with National Institute of Health and Armed Forces Institute of Pathology from July 2020 to August 2020. Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common systemic inflammatory diseases characterized by progressive damage to the joints. Colebrookea Oppositifolia Anti Arthritic Potential Vs Methotrexate in Pristane Induced Rat Arthritis -- Colebrookea Oppositifolia is a plant with anti-arthritic properties and Methotrexate in Pristane Induced Rat Arthritis. She is a member of the department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, King Edward Medical University and Fatima Memorial Hospital. She also belongs to the Department of Histopathology, Jinnah Hospital and the Department Of Medicine, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital. Therapeutic Effect of Berberine Versus Methotrexate on Histopathology in a Rat Model of Pristane-Induced Arthritis -- Berberis lycium Royle (BLR) is being treated for arthritis induction. Therapeutic Effect of Berberine Versus Methotrexate on Joint Histopathology in a Rat Model is discussed in Proceedings S.Z.M.C. Vol: 36(1): pp. 49-55, 2022. Evaluation of Sexual Function in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Burhan Coskun, Belkis Nihan Coskun and Gokhan Atis, Erbil Ergenekon, Kamil Dilek, Başak Sitesi and Doburca Cad studied the link between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and female sexual function in 32 women with RA and 20 healthy age matched controls. Women with RA had significantly worse sexual functioning and lower quality of life. Lumbar radiculopathy caused by foraminal stenosis in rheumatoid arthritis -- Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. 2011; 116: 133-137. Tomoaki Koakutsu, NAOKI MOROZUMI, YUTAKA KOIZUMI and YUSHIN ISHII from Nishitaga National Hospital, Sendai, Japan treated six patients with lumbar radiculopathy caused by foraminal stenosis in rheumatoid arthritis. The affected nerve roots were L4 in four of the six patients and L3 in two. Selective Radiculography with nerve root block reproduced pain and demonstrated compression of the nerve root by the superior articular process of the lower vertebrae. Conservative treatment was performed on one patient and surgery was conducted -- Eric Lease Morgan Navari Family Center for Digital Scholarship University of Notre Dame June 27, 2024