250 Articles on Climate Change, Summarized A set of 250 articles on the topic of climate change was garned from a collection of etexts and journal articles. More specifically, the Distant Reader Index was searched and a Distant Reader data set was created from the results. The data set can be temporarily seen at: https://bit.ly/4cEOu5T A generative-AI process was then applied to each article to create summaries. For details, see: https://distantreader.org/blog/summarization/ The summaries follow: How can agricultural extension and rural advisory services support agricultural innovation to adapt to climate change in the agriculture sector? -- M. Kamruzzaman, K. Daniell, A. Chowdhury, Steven Crimp, Helen James and others discuss the role of Agricultural Extension and Rural Advisory Services (AERAS) in climate change adaptation. Evaluating adaptation and the production development of Finnish agriculture in climate and global change -- Heikki Lehtonen studied the impact of climate change on Finnish agriculture. He found that falling crop yields, if realized due to low prices and restrictive policies, will result in decreasing crop and livestock production and increasing nutrient surplus. However, increasing crop yields could stabilise production and increase farm income. The realisation of higher yields at the farm level is uncertain. Climate change and prolongation of growing season: changes in regional potential for field crop production in Finland -- Climate change offers new opportunities for Finnish field crop production. A warmer climate will extend the thermal growing season and the physiologically effective part of it. Winters will become milder, enabling introduction of winter-sown crops to a greater extent than is possible today. Winter wheat, oilseed rape, triticale, pea, and faba bean are strong candidates to become major crops. Silage maize could be introduced only at the end of this century. Pests and diseases in a changing climate a major challenge for Finnish crop production -- A longer growing season and higher accumulated effective temperature sum will improve crop pro-duction potential in Finland. The production potential of new or at present underutilised crops will improve and it will be possible to grow more productive varieties of the currently grown crops. The current low winter temperatures and short growing season help restrict the development and spread of pests and pathogens. Northern agriculture: constraints and responses to global climate change -- Timo Mela and T.J.N. Mela discuss climate change and agriculture in the northern circumpolar zone of the world. They discuss conditions for growth in northern areas where the annual mean temperature is 5°C or less. Finland is the most northern agricultural country in the world with all its field area located north of latitude 60°N. The application of agricultural land rating and crop models to CO2 and climate change issues in Northern regions: the Mackenzie Basin case study -- The Mackenzie Basin in northwestern Canada covers approximately 1.8 million km2 and extends from 52“ N to 70°N. Much of the Basin is currently too cool and remote from markets to support a viable agricultural sector, but the southern portion has the physical potential to support commercial agriculture. Long-term climate trends exert influence over the location of agriculture. Research into the relationship between agriculture and climate change has flourished in the last decade. Developing scenarios of atmosphere, weather and climate for northern regions -- Timothy R. Carter has written a paper on the development of climate change scenarios for northern high-latitude agricultural regions in the circumpolar bore-al zone. It is concerned with climate change in the region north of 60°N in Europe and northern Russia and south of 50°N. Climate change adaptation in arable land use, and impact on nitrogen load at catchment scale in northern agriculture -- K. Rankinen, Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio, Kirsti Granlund, Hannu Ojanen, Mikko Laapas, Kaija Hakala, Kalle Sippel, Juha Helenius, Martin Forsius, and Katri Rankinen wrote a study on the impact of climate change on Finnish agriculture. The case study area included 720 ha of arable fields in southern Finland. Short growing season is the dominant factor contributing to modest yields, high yield, and limited availability of crops. Climate change and its effects on agricultural production in Finland – research efforts during the past 50 years -- Kaija Hakala is a researcher at the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Planta, Tietotie 4, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland. He studies the effects of climate change on agriculture and forestry in Finland. Climate change mitigation and agriculture: measures, costs and policies – A literature review -- Lankoski Jussi, Lötjönen Sanna and Ollikainen Markku review the literature on climate change mitigation in agriculture. They develop an economic model characterizing the production decisions in animal and crop production farms and link their discussion on policy in-struments to them. They review mitigation measures and their cost-effectiveness in reducing emissions. Malaysia’s Agricultural Production Dropped and the Impact of Climate Change: Applying and Extending the Theory of Cobb Douglas Production -- In Malaysia, the agricultural sector contributed 8.6% of the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 12.1% of labor force in 2016. The contribution of this sector in national GDP has declined gradually from 23.03% in 1980 to 10.09% in 2010. The employment in this sector has declined from 1.78 million in 1980 and 1.42 million in 2011. Advanced technology and the latest information on climate change are relevant to boost agricultural production growth. Trend analysis to determine hazards related to climate change in the Andean agricultural areas of Cundinamarca and Boyacá -- marshal is a series of pictures taken from the internet. It is a collection of images from the Internet, taken from a variety of sources, including the Internet itself. It was created by a website called iReport.com. Ecophysiological aspects of fruit crops in the era of climate change. A review -- The increased concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases has led to global warming. This has resulted in climate change, increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and changes in the hydrological cycle affecting the growth, development, production and quality of fruit crops. The physiological processes of plants are multidimensional and difficult to predict. Prioritization on cultivation and climate change adaptation techniques: a potential option in strengthening climate resilience in South Africa -- Prioritization on cultivation and climate change adaptation techniques is a potential option in strengthening climate resilience in South Africa. 497 rural maize farmers were selected through a stratified sampling method from two district municipalities. The study recommends incorporation of conservation agricultural practices to the existing strategies. Future climate change spells catastrophe for Blanchard’s cricket frog, Acris blanchardi (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) -- marshal is a series of pictures taken from the internet. It is a collection of images from the Internet, taken from a variety of sources, including the Internet itself. It was created by a website called iReport.com. Climate change and peripheral populations: predictions for a relict Mediterranean viper -- Vipera latastei in North Africa is threatened by climate change. The Mediterranean region has the highest diversity and number of European-originated relicts of terrestrial reptiles in the world. The current range of the Vipera latestei is fragmented and it has a relict distribution from wider past ranges. Potential effects of climate change on the distribution of invasive bullfrogs Lithobates catesbeianus in China -- Invasive bullfrogs Lithobates catesbeianus in China may be affected by climate change. The study was published in Acta Herpetologica 15(2): 87-94, 2020. It was submitted on 2020, 4th September, revised on 2020. 10th October and accepted on 2020 on 26th October. THE CHALLENGES OF TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN MITIGATING CLIMATE CHANGE INDUCED CATASTROPHES IN NIGERIA -- This article focuses on the challenges of technical and vocational education in mitigating climate change induced catastrophes in Nigeria. It is recommended that education practitioners use their understanding of science and technology to deal with the challenges posed by climate change. The United Nations, of which Nigeria is a member, is in the forefront to make the world a better place for habitation. Assessment of existing structures under climate change -- Johan V. Retief from Stellenbosch University in South Africa presents an assessment of existing structures under climate change in Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 36:6–14, 2022. The design base for load bearing structures needs to account for increasing uncertainties as climate actions are projected into the future. Climate-Proof Planning for an Urban Regeneration Strategy -- Carmela Mariano and her colleagues discuss the relationship between climate change and the government’s land management policies. They argue that urban planning regulation may provide responses to the need for planning and designing coastal urban settings affected by gradual sea-level rise. Social housing as a catalyst towards net-zero carbon building in the mitigation of climate change in South Africa -- Zakiyyah Vawda, Jan Hugo and J. Hugo write about the energy performance of social housing as a catalyst towards net-zero carbon building in the mitigation of climate change in South Africa. Acta Structilia, 29(2) pp. 226-259. Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on the Geographic Distribution of Fritillaria imperialis L. (Liliaceae) (Turkey) -- Evaluation of Climate Change Impacts on the Geographic Distribution of Fritillaria imperialis L. (Liliaceae) (Turkey) is published in Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae. It is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY-3.0 license. It was written by Zygmunt Dajdok, Aynur Demir, Fulya Aydin-Kandemir, and Aksaray Demir. Progress and Challenges of Combating Climate Change in Indonesia: An Interview with Prof. Rachmat Witoelar, the President’s Special Envoy for Climate Change -- Professor Rachmat Witoelar is the President’s Special Envoy for Climate Change. He heads the National Council on Climate Change in Indonesia and the delegations to the UNFCCC negotiations in Bonn in May 2012. Till Plitschka and Irendra Radjawali wrote an article about the interview. Food Sovereignty: A Framework for Assessing Agrarian Responses to Climate Change in the Philippines -- The Philippines is one of the foremost countries affected by climate change. Climate change is linked to increasing incidence of typhoons, droughts, and changing weather patterns. The Philippines needs to develop adaptation and mitigation strategies to cope with these challenges. Transdisciplinary Responses to Climate Change: Institutionalizing Agrometeorological Learning Through Science Field Shops in Indonesia -- Yunita Triwardani Winarto, Cornelis Johan (Kees) Stigter, Muki Trenggono Wicaksono and Antonie Südostasienforschung write about the Science Field Shops in Indonesia. They argue that the transdisciplinary collaboration with state authority needs overhauled to improve the process. Typhoons, Climate Change, and Climate Injustice in the Philippines -- Holden, W. N. and Amie Obusan discuss climate change, climate injustice, back-ground injustice, and compound injustice in their article. They discuss the effects of climate change on typhoons in the Philippines. They also discuss the reluctance of developed countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental Migration: Social Work at the Nexus of Climate Change and Global Migration -- Meredith C. F. Powers, Cathryne L. Schmitz, Christian Z. Nsonwu, Manju T. Mathew and Matt Powers write about environmental migrants caught at the nexus of the climate crisis and the global migrant crisis. Social workers are increasingly being called upon to become trained in this practice. Mediterranean agriculture facing climate change: Challenges and policies -- Filippo Arfini and Fabio Gaetano Santeramo present a paper in Bio-based and Applied Economics entitled Mediterranean agriculture facing climate change: Challenges and policies. The Mediterranean region is one of the most vulnerable regions in the world to the impacts of global warming. Climate change is responsible for around 80-90% of projected changes in water availability and soil loss due to desertification processes and erosion. Climate change and variations in mountain pasture values in the central-eastern Italian Alps in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries -- Marco Avanzini, Isabella Salvador and Geremia Gios studied pasture lease rents in the Italian Alps in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. They found a sharp increase in the rents due to increased human pressure following population growth during the same period. Application of Multi-Criteria Analysis selecting the most effective Climate change adaptation measures and investments in the Italian context -- Raffaella Zucaro, Veronica Manganiello, Romina Lorenzetti, and Marianna Ferrigno apply Multi-Criteria Analysis methodologies (MCA) for the selection of the most effective climate change adaptation measures and investments in the Italian context. The document presents an application of MCA for the ranking and selection of projects to be financed under the Italian National Plan on Water Resources. Climate changes and new productive dynamics in the global wine sector -- Emilia Lamonaca, Fabio Gaetano Santeramo and Antonio Seccia discuss the link between climate change and productivity levels in the global wine sector. They find that the impacts of climate change are likely to differ across pro-ducing regions. A TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF GRETA THUNBERG’S 2019 CLIMATE ACTION SUMMIT SPEECH -- Greta Thunberg is a prominent climate activist who delivered a speech at the United Nations Climate Action Summit 2019. The study analyzed her speech as the object of the study and employed a descriptive method. It found that she used material process (37%) to describe the damage to the environment done by people, relational process (31.5%), verbal process (3.7%) and behavioural process (7.4%) to talk about climate change. Mathematical Approach to Forecast Oil Palm Plantation Yield under Climate Change Uncertainties -- Climate change is affecting crop yields and disrupting the global food system. Palm oil production has increased from 1.8 Mt in 1968 to 65.15 Mt in 2018. Forecasting the oil palm yield is critical in building a resilient palm supply chain and ensuring food security. Promoting safety societies with a non-stationary multidimensional model that prioritizes flood risks under climate change effects -- Lucas Borges Leal da Silvaa, Marcelo Hazin Alencara, Adiel Teixeira de Almeidab, Alencar M.H., de Almida A.T., and Lucas da Silva L.B.L., discuss the development of a non-stationary multidimensional model that prioritizes flood risks under climate change effects. The "Super-Network": Fostering Interaction Between Human Rights and Climate Change Institutions -- Andrea Schapper is the author of The “Super-Network”: Fostering Interaction Between Human Rights and Climate Change Institutions. It is based on expert interviews and follow-up Skype interviews with key experts between 2013 and 2020. Adaptive Governance and sub-national Climate Change Policy: A comparative analysis of Khyber Pukhtunkhawa and Punjab Provinces in Pakistan -- Adaptive Governance and Sub-national Climate Change Policy: A Comparative Analysis of Khyber Pukhtunkhawa and Punjab Provinces in Pakistan is published in Complexity, Governance & Networks Vol. 5, No 1 (2019) Special Issue: Adaptive governance of Coupled Social-Ecological Systems. Pakistan is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change and has gone through a recent governance devolution process. The study finds that the provincial government of the KPK follows more participatory and decentralized approach while Punjab is more centralized. Climate Change Politics in Canada and the EU—from Carbon Democracy to a Green Deal? -- Markus Lederer is professor of political science with a focus on international politics at Technical University Darmstadt. His article focuses on the politics behind green deals in Canada and the EU. He argues that the notion of a green deal can be transformative and provide a road to progressive climate policies. Climate and Energy Politics in Canada and Germany: Dealing with Fossil Fuel Legacies -- Stephan Schott, Miranda Schreurs and Anita Grace wrote an article for the Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies. They compared the Pan-Canadian Framework (PCF) on Clean Growth and Climate with the German Climate Law and the European Green Deal. Canada and Germany are two of the largest economies among the top ten greenhouse gas emitters globally. Both countries have committed to large scale emission reductions but they have different historical experiences with fossil fuels. The role bonds in financing climate resilient economy -- Marcelina Więckowska, Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu and Wojciech Szewcizny are writing about climate bonds in the Copernican Journal of Finance & Accounting, volume 2, issue 1. Caring for the Earth for Better Health and Well-being of All: Addressing Climate Change as a Planetary Health Emergency -- James Hospedales is a former Director of Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA) and founder of EarthMedic/EarthNurse. He believes that climate change is a public health crisis because it is destroying the conditions for life. 196 countries joined the UN Convention for Climate Change in 2015 with the aim of limiting global warming to well below 1.5 degrees Celsius. Local governance for local governments: A framework for addressing climate change -- Melissa Nursey-Bray wrote a piece for Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, issue 7: November 2010. She explains the impact of climate change on the world and on local government. She also explains the implications for local government of these predictions. Public Sector Responses to Climate Change: Evaluating the Role of Scottish Local Government in Implementing the Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009 -- This paper reviews the implications of climate change for one jurisdiction’s local government sector. It considers Scottish local authorities' response to the new climate change obligations set out in the Climate Change (Scotland) Act 2009. Case studies of Fife and Highland show how they are planning to discharge their climate change mitigation and adaptation responsibilities. INTRODUCTORY ESSAY: “On what terms can we speak?” Refusal, resurgence and climate justice -- Tony Birch's article on climate change is published in Coolabah, No.24&25, 2018, ISSN 1988-5946, Observatori: Centre d’Estudis, Observatory: Australian and Transnational Studies, and Centre, Universitat de Barcelona. Indigenous people in Australia are at the forefront of the issue, both as communities impacted by climate change and as custodians of knowledge, scientific and philosophical. Indigenous communities also have historical relationships with mining companies responsible for the mining of fossil fuels. Future relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people will determine the success of initiatives in combating climate change. Exposure science in an age of rapidly changing climate: challenges and opportunities -- Exposure science provides a key connection between changes in climate and associated health outcomes. The theme of the 2015 Annual Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science was "Exposures in an Evolving Environment". The paper uses a series of case studies to identify exposure data gaps and research paths to capture information necessary for understanding climate change-related human exposures and health impacts. The association between temperature, rainfall and humidity with common climate-sensitive infectious diseases in Bangladesh -- Bangladesh is one of the world’s most vulnerable countries for climate change. This observational study examined the association of temperature, humidity and rainfall with six common climate-sensitive infectious diseases in adults in northeastern Bangladesh. The highest number of malaria (135), diarrhea (266), pneumonia (371), enteric fever (408), encephalitis (183), and meningitis (151) cases occurred during the rainy season. Higher humidity correlated with a higher number of cases of malaria and diarrhea. The long arm of climate change: societal teleconnections and the future of climate change impacts studies -- In the paper, Moser, Susanne C., Hart, Juliette A. Finzi, and Moser discuss societal teleconnections and the future of climate change impacts studies. The paper encourages further research to better understand the causal chains behind socially teleconnected impacts and to identify ways to integrate them in impacts/vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning. Climate change: an enduring challenge for vector-borne disease prevention and control -- Climate change is already affecting vector-borne disease transmission and spread, and its impacts are likely to worsen due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Global warming has caused the mean global temperature to increase by 1 °C above preindustrial levels. Climate Action at Public Health Schools in the European Region -- The study looked at the implementation of climate education in public health schools in the European region and climate action taken by these public Health schools. It found that most climate actions taken by the schools were ad hoc and there is a general lack of strategy in most schools. The study recommends that schools invest in climate and health education in their curricula and become exemplars for climate action. Psychological capital and climate change adaptation: Empirical evidence from smallholder farmers in South Africa -- There are calls for better empirical models to inform climate change adaptation in smallholder agriculture. This study estimated the multivariate probit regression model using data collected from 328 smallholder farmers in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. Social networks, having multiple farming objectives, access to credit and the type of farmer were also significant in determining smallholders’ adaptation decisions. Perceptions, Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies for Mitigating Climate Change Effects among Small Livestock Herders in Punjab, Pakistan -- Pakistan is an agrarian nation that is among the most vulnerable countries to climate change. Livestock-related production contributes more than half of Pakistan's GDP. Small livestock herders' perceptions about temperature and rainfall variations/patterns coincide with meteorological information of the study locations. Dera Ghazi Khan district is more vulnerable than the other two zones because of high exposure and sensitivity to CC and lower adaptive capacity. Financial stability in response to climate change in a northern temperate economy -- Stan, Kayla, Watt, Graham, Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo, and their colleagues present a new method to project economic changes due to climate change in Canada. They find that the inclusion of a more robust set of climate variables improves the model performance by over 20%. The study advances understanding of the relationship between climate change and economic output in Canada and provides a method that can be applied to related economies globally to target adaptation and resilience management. Sensitivity of non-conditional climatic variables to climate-change deep uncertainty using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation -- There is substantial evidence that climate change is having an adverse impact on the world’s water resources. It is meaningful for climate change impact assessments to be conducted with stochastic-based frameworks. Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis involving Bayes’ theorem merges historical data and the regional climate models’ (RCMs’) generated climate scenarios. The Karkheh River Basin, Iran, is chosen to evaluate the proposed method. Effects of climate variability on livestock productivity and pastoralists perception: The case of drought resilience in Southeastern Ethiopia -- In Ethiopia, climate change has triggered frequent droughts, floods, heat waves, heavy rains and strong winds. Livestock rearing supports the income and livelihood for about one-third of African populations and provides 30-50% of agricultural GDP. Most Africans depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. The Role of Behavioral Medicine in Addressing Climate Change-Related Health Inequities -- The Society of Behavioral Medicine's Health Inequities and Climate Change Presidential Working Group convened to develop strategies for addressing climate change-related health inequities. They discuss the relationship between climate change and structural racism. They recommend six strategies with the greatest potential for addressing the root causes of these problems. Climate Change -- There is a subtle, if imperceptible shift heralding a potentially more impactful climate awakening. Those favoring grandiose solutions to the very real challenges posed by climate change will find no victory with the advent of true market-based solutions to climate risk. These shifts in the market are brought about the same way each economic revolution occurs. Infectious Diseases, Climate Change Effects on -- Infectious diseases of humans continue to present a significant burden to our health, disproportionately so in the developing world. Wild populations are inherently more susceptible to environmental change than domesticated ones. The most important vectors are flies, midges, sandflies, fleas, lice, and ticks. Public Health in Canada and Adaptation to Infectious Disease Risks of Climate Change: Are We Planning or Just Keeping Our Fingers Crossed? -- Climate change is expected to increase the health risks for Canadians from infectious diseases from our environment. Public health systems are in place in Canada to control many disease risks, but there are still knowledge gaps on existing approaches to protecting the population from endemic diseases and new or emerging pathogens. Food-borne, water-borne and vector-borne diseases pose the most immediate increased risk to human health from altered climate conditions. Introduction: Climate Change, Human Security, and Violent Conflict in the Anthropocene -- Brauch, Hans Günter and Jürgen Scheffran are writing a book on climate change, human security, and violent conflict. They discuss the possible causal linkages between the three scientific research areas. They ask whether they pose challenges for societal stability in the past and in the present. Climate Change and Geoecology of South and Southeast Asia: An Introduction -- Climate change is projected to impact human health in many ways, including changes in water availability and quality, air quality and sanitation, availability and access to food and nutrition, and transmission of vector-borne diseases. The First International Conference on Health and Climate organised by WHO in August 2014 in Geneva recognises the relevance of the impact of climate change on human health from a global-change and health perspective. The chapter highlights policies of the United States, China and India towards GHG emission reduction and the successful climate agreement in Paris in December 2015. Impacts of Climate Change on the Environment, Economy, and Society of China -- This chapter analyzes the effects of climate change on the hydrology, ecology, agriculture, health, economy, and society of China. The chapter also summarizes the impact on farming, animal husbandry, forestry, aquaculture, and fisheries. Students as Partners. Implementation of Climate Change Education Within the Harvard Graduate School of Education -- Annie Hyokyong Nam and Sueyoon Lee write about the implementation of a climate change curriculum within the Harvard Graduate School of Education. The main aim of climate change education is to promote lifelong education for global citizenship and help build a knowledge society in which local communities act upon recommendations. The Role of Universities Building an Ecosystem of Climate Change Education -- There is little evidence that climate change education in schools is contributing to adaptation, mitigation or reversal of climate change. People who are socially, economically, culturally, politically, institutionally or otherwise marginalized are especially vulnerable to climate change and adaptation and mitigation responses. Global warming will have a disproportionate impact on women who are poor and from other disadvantaged groups. Learning from Teaching Graduate Students How to Design Climate Change Education Programs -- Reimers, Fernando M. and their co-authors have written a book called Learning from Teaching Graduate Students How to Design Climate Change Education Programs. It is based on lessons learned from their graduate students in education policy analysis at the Harvard Graduate School of Education in designing climate change education curricula in partnership with educational institutions around the world. Introduction: Climate Urbanism—Towards a Research Agenda -- As climate change dramatically reshapes how we understand, imagine, live, and intervene in cities, a New Climate Urbanism is emerging as a way to rethink and reorient urban life. It is rooted in the recognition that significant actions on cities and urbanization are required as crucial elements in policy responses to climate change. This edited volume is the first attempt to map the contours of a research agenda on this New Urbanism. The New Climate Urbanism: Old Capitalism with Climate Characteristics -- Shi, Linda and Shih argue that emerging urban responses to climate change are capitalist processes reproducing spatial, social, and ecological inequality. They argue that cities compete for economic development and extract resources from rural or less powerful jurisdictions in aid of their own security under climate change. Naomi Klein in This Changes Everything writes that climate change can be the force-the grand push-that will bring together social, labor, and environmental movements. Climate Resilience in Urban Informal Settlements: Towards a Transformative Upgrading Agenda -- Informal settlements are on the frontline in the battle against climate change. Their infrastructure deprivations pose challenges for the health and resilience of communities and ecosystems. Upgrading of informal settlements can improve urban services and infrastructure, strengthen tenure security, and empower local communities. Communicating Climate Change to Alberta’s Youth: Lessons Learned from the Alberta Narratives Project -- Alberta is Canada's most divided province. Less than 50% of Albertans believe in anthropogenic climate change. Alberta's economy has long been tied to oil and gas, and its politics to conservatism. The province's conservative premier has invested heavily in the province's bitumen reserves. Climate Change and Disaster Risks in an Unsecured World -- The book "Climate Change and Disaster Risks in an Unsecured World" was published on March 19th, 2021. Since the establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988, the discussion on climate change and its related issues has been given utmost priority. The IPCC was coawarded the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize with former United States Vice President Al Gore. The Impact of Climate Risks on the Insurance and Banking Industries -- Caselli, Giorgio, Figueira and Catarina write a book on the impact of climate change on the insurance and banking industries. They discuss the main channels through which climate change might translate into financial risks for banks and insurance companies and the key data available to date. From Petty Fraud to Global Injustice: Climate Ecoviolence -- Stoett, Peter, Omrow, Delon Alain and their co-authors discuss the rising phenomenon of climate crimes, from small fraud over carbon offsets to large-scale unreported emissions and efforts to mislead the public over the impacts and causes of climate change. They also discuss the threat of “climate colonialism” and related issues in the transition to a post-carbon economy. Conclusion: XR, the Climate Change Movement and Capitalism -- Berglund, Oscar and Schmidt-Schmidt write a book on Extinction Rebellion and the Climate Change Movement and Capitalism. They argue that XR has greatly contributed to the increasing attention paid to climate change by citizens, policymakers and other actors by practising civil disobedience in a way that has created tensions in society as intended. They also argue that the movement shares much of the critique of liberal representative democracy that has grown in social movements. Ireland’s Policy Response to Climate Change: An Historical Overview -- This chapter provides an overview of Ireland's policy response to climate change. It traces the evolution of climate policy during four distinct historical phases. The first was the era of the so-called Celtic Tiger. The second was characterised by profound crisis of economy and polity, during which attention was diverted from climate policy. The third was the economic recovery. The fourth and finally, the chapter examines Irish climate policy since 2017. Ireland's progress on climate change has been hindered by a failure to tackle emissions from key sectors including agriculture and transport. The relevance of science-policy-practice dialogue. Exploring the urban climate resilience governance in Italy -- The paper explores the relevance of science-policy-practice dialogue for urban climate resilience governance in Italy. It suggests an iterative process to unlock the dialogue. The strategic importance of cities is evident in the face of global challenges as climate change, natural resource management, sustainable production and consumption, and community development. Outcomes of a Climate Change Workshop at the 2020 African Conference on Emergency Medicine -- The 2020 African Conference on Emergency Medicine convened its first ever workshop on the topic of climate change and human health. It is the first workshop for health professionals to cover topics specific to emergency care, climate change, and health in Africa. The results will help to guide future efforts aimed at advancing emergency care approaches in Africa with regard to medical education, research, and policy. Communicating climate change adaptation strategies: climate-smart agriculture information dissemination pathways among smallholder potato farmers in Gilgil Sub-County, Kenya -- Climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAPs) need to be prioritized and promoted for uptake by farmers. CSAPs are of a farm, international level, and of financial matters of concern. Public, private, and non-profit development agencies have broadened their scope to cushion farmers against the climate change effects. “In” or “Out”? An Analysis of the Use of Augmentals in U.S. Presidential Speeches on the Paris Climate Agreement -- The study conducted a functional content analysis on two presidential speeches about climate change and global warming regarding whether the United States should enter or exit the Paris Climate Agreement. The results showed different patterns in the use of augmentals in Donald Trump’s speech, which attempted to persuade the populace to support exiting the agreement, compared to Barack Obama’'s speech. The relationship between verbal stimuli in speeches and their effect on social behavior is indicative of behavior in context. How and why European and Chinese pro-climate leadership may be challenged by their strategic economic interests in Brazil -- Since the 1990s, climate change has been a prominent global issue on international policy agendas. Since the signing of the Paris Agreement in 2015, states actors have strengthened their climate commitments. China and the European Union are leading players in the multilateral climate governance. The impacts of climate change on bank performance: What’s the mediating role of natural disasters? -- Zhang, Wan-Li, Chang, Chun-Ping, Xuan, Yang, and their colleagues study the impact of climate change on bank performance. They find that forest land has a negative effect on the non-performing loan ratio and the ratio of bank capital to assets. The decline of forest land and the rise of carbon dioxide emissions both have positive effects on man-made disasters. The Relationship between Social Norms, Avoidance, Future Orientation, and Willingness to Engage in Climate Change Advocacy Communications -- This study examined factors associated with willingness to engage in communication behaviors related to climate change advocacy. Data were collected as part of an online, longitudinal US study beginning in March 2020. Outcomes included willingness to post materials online, contact state legislators, and talk with peers about climate change. Findings indicate the importance of designing programs to foster increased climate change communications. Climate Solutions Double as Health Interventions -- The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stressed the urgent need for action to mitigate climate change. Project Drawdown has analyzed more than 80 solutions to address climate change, building on existing technologies and practices. The solutions span nine major sectors and are aggregated into three groups: reducing the sources of emissions, maintaining and enhancing carbon sinks, and addressing social inequities. Editorial: a short history of the climate change litigation boom across Europe -- The number of climate-related court cases in Europe is on the increase. The aim of the paper is to map the most significant milestones in the emergence and development of climate change litigation in Europe. The paper unpacks the main elements of the landmark climate rulings across Europe and the key challenges relating to climate litigation. Perception of climate change effects on water resources: Iraqi undergraduates as a case study -- Developing countries suffer from the effects of climate change on water resources more than other countries. Al-Maliki, Laheab A., Al-Mamoori, Sohaib K., Jasim, Ihsan A., El-Tawel, Khaled, Al-Ansari, Nadhir, Comair, Fadi G. and the Arab J Geosci conducted a study of undergraduates' knowledge about climate change's effects on the water resources. The general knowledge for all questionaries ranged between 40 and 50%. The study recommends integrating the Environmental Education (EE) programs into the Iraqi educational systems. Zooming-in for climate action—hyperlocal greenhouse gas data for mitigation action? -- According to UN HABITAT, between 71 and 76% of global CO 2 emissions from global final energy use are produced in urban areas. New scientific and technological developments in geophysical sciences and geoinformatics could provide the information policy makers need to put in place effective policies on climate change mitigation. Polycentric climate governance structures have started to emerge since at least 30 years. Climate Change and Caribbean Coral Reefs -- Anastasia is a student at the University of Toronto, St. George. She is a pianist, plays the guitar and steelpan, and has a passion for classical piano and physics. She has written a paper on climate change and coral reefs in the Caribbean. The paper concludes with suggested strategies and policies to counteract the effects of climate change. The CARIBSAVE Partnership: Climate Change Impacts & Tourism -- Anna Agosta G'meiner is a fourth year student double majoring in Environmental Policy & Practice and Physical Geography at the University of Toronto. She has done research on Red Spruce distribution in the Appalachian Mountains and paleo sea level changes in the Caribbean region during the Quaternary period. Anna completed a summer internship at The CARIBSAVE Partnership in Barbados in the summer of 2011. The organization was created to address several environmental issues. Farmers’ Perception of Climate Variability and Adaptation Strategies in Akoko Southwest Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria -- The research assessed farmers of arable crops in Akoko southwest local government area of Ondo State, Nigeria on their adaptation strategies to climate variability. The study found a significant relationship between household size, farm size and adaptation strategies. The government should launch awareness and sensitization programmers at all levels to create a community where farmers are well-versed in the causes and impacts of climatic variability. Living in a Dangerous Climate: Climate Change and Human Evolution -- Renee Hetherington has written a book Living in a Dangerous Climate: Climate Change and Human Evolution. The book is an accessible summary of the book with helpful illustrations and tables. In the last decade CO2 levels have passed 400 parts per million for the first time since the Pliocene. On Climate Change: Editorial Note -- Jagdish Krishnaswamy, Bob Watson, Thomas Sterner and Nitin Desai discuss climate change in the INSEE Journal 1 (1): 67–68, April 2018. They argue that anthropogenic climate change is already transforming the climate and that changes will continue. India made two ambitious commitments in Paris. It installed 58.3 GW of renewable energy capacity by August 2017. Interdisciplinarity and the Challenges of Environmental Sensemaking: Review of A Elliott, J Cullis and V Damodaran, eds. 2017. Climate Change and the Humanities: Historical, Philosophical and Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Contemporary Environmental Crisis. London: Palgrave Macmillan -- Ramya K Tella is a PhD student at King’s College London and a member of Indian Society for Ecological Economics (INSEE). She has written a book Climate Change and the Humanities: Historical, Philosophical and Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Contemporary Environmental Crisis. Climate Change Adaptation in the Global South: Review of Anamika Barua, Vishal Narain and Sumit Vij, eds. 2019. Climate Change Governance and Adaptation: Case studies from South Asia. Boca Raton: CRC Press -- In 2019, South Asia experienced severe flooding, record-breaking heatwaves, increasing rainfall variability and the rapid melting of glaciers due to climate change. In Climate Change Governance and Adaptation: Case studies from South Asia, Anamika Barua, Vishal Narain and Sumit Vij offer a rich set of case studies examining how climate adaptation is implemented and governed across South Asian countries. Policy and Politics in India in the Age of Global Warming: Review of Navroz K Dubash, ed. 2019. India in a Warming World: Integrating Climate Change and Development, New Delhi: Oxford University Press -- Navroz K Dubash's edited volume India in a Warming World: Integrating Climate and Development, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-949873-4, 576 pp, Rs. 1995 (Hardbound). The hell fires of 2019-20 that engulfed Australia and incinerated large swathes of the country tell us that the impacts of climate change and global warming are clearly upon us. The collection of essays attempts to balance careful research and meaningful climate activism. A Report on the INSEE-CESS International Conference on "Climate Change and Disasters: Challenges, Opportunities and Responses" -- The Tenth Biennial Conference of the Indian Society for Ecological Economics (INSEE) on Climate Change and Disasters: Challenges, Opportunities and Responses took place in Hyderabad during November 6-8, 2019. The objectives of the conference were to discuss the likely impacts of climate change on human and natural systems and the alternative policy options to address the risks that climate change and extreme weather events pose. On Climate Change: Reflection on international climate diplomacy -- The origins of climate diplomacy lie in the alarm bells rung by climate scientists at Villach in 1985. Negotiations for the UNFCCC ran parallel to the preparatory process for the Rio Earth Summit and the Convention was opened for signature at Rio. It was merely a framework that did not impose any binding obligations on emission reductions on the parties, except for the indicative goal of holding emissions at 1990 levels by 2000. The principle of ‘common but differentiated responsibility’ has become central to the negotiating stance of China, India and other developing countries. Understanding How Local-level Environment Stewardship Initiatives Increase Livelihood Resilience to Climate Change: Insights from Rajasthan, India -- Ecology, Economy and Society is the INSEE Journal 4 (1): 89–112, January 2021. Common property resources (CPR) are central for the sustenance of biodiversity and rural communities in India. Weak institutional governance and lack of tenure rights for local communities over CPRs is resulting in degradation and over-exploitation of resources making rural communities vulnerable to climate change. Mixed-methods approach was employed to study CPRs in six villages in two districts in Rajasthan. It found that secure property rights and collective management of CPRs enhances household resilience and improves ecological health. Measurement of Vulnerability to Climate Change in Char Areas: A Survey -- Char dwellers are among the communities that suffer the most as a result of the effects of climate change. Char areas are “the new riverine lands and islands created by the continual shifting of the rivers and emerge from the deposition of sand and silt from upstream. Chars are found along the banks of rivers and as mid-river islands. Has Economics Caught Up with Climate Science? -- Shreekant Gupta is an economics professor at the Delhi School of Economics at the University of Delhi. In his essay, he argues that economic analysis of climate change seems to be out of sync with climate science. The essay is published in Ecology, Economy and Society–the INSEE Journal 3 (1): 11–30, January 2020. Adaptation Measures to Combat Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture: An Empirical Investigation in the Chambal Basin -- Ganesh Kawadia and Era Tiwari have written a paper on climate change and its impact on agriculture in the Chambal basin. It is based on the empirical investigation of the climate change adaptation measures adopted by the farmers in the region. It also presents the context of maladaptation of monoculture and severe groundwater depletion associated with it. The study directs policy to strengthen water-harvesting measures to cope with the effects of climate change. Discerning Global and Local of Climate Change in Indian Context -- Nagraj Adve’s Global Warming in India: Science, Impacts, and Politics is a booklet-length effort to make the complexities of climate change accessible to school and college students, teachers and activists. The first chapter explains several technical aspects related to the climate change. The second chapter unpacks the complicated politics around climate change and the third chapter deals with the issue of who is responsible for the unbridled emission of GHGs. Main Priorities for a Green Deal Towards a Climate - Neutral Europe -- Inese Pelsa, Signe Balina and Ines Janes are writing an article for European Integration Studies No. 16/2022. The article analyzes the goals and significance of the European Green Deal (EGD) toward a climate-neutral Europe. PREDICTIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON AGRICULTURAL INSECT PESTS VIS-À-VIS FOOD CROP PRODUCTIVITY: A CRITICAL REVIEW -- Daniel Getahun Debelo wrote a paper for the Ethiopian Journal of Science and Sustainable Development about the impact of climate change on agricultural insect pests on crop production and food security. It was published in Volume 7 (1) of the journal. CLIMATE CHANGE AND DENGUE IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW -- Climate change affects dengue fever incidence in Indonesia due to climate variation. It is essential to Strengthen the surveillance system and provide an early warning system based on climate information. The South of Indonesia tends to have less rain, while the north has more rain. Climate variability and its impacts on runoff in the Kosasthaliyar sub-basin, India -- The study uses historical field data and future climate forecasts from General Circulation Model Hadley Centre Coupled Model version 3 GCM HadCM3 to study runoff changes due to climate change for the Kosasthaliyar sub-basin in South India. Future rainfall is expected to decrease by about 10%, while mean temperatures will increase by the year 2100. Towards a Comprehensive Climate Adaptation Framework for India’s Port Infrastructure and Operations: Lessons from Global Best Practices -- Pushp Bajaj, Chime Youdon and Jon Jon are calling for a comprehensive, holistic and dynamic climate change adaptation strategy for India’s port infrastructure including support infrastructure and supply. The paper draws upon international best practices in climate risk assessments and adaptation measures to provide a way forward for Indian ports. Effects of Climate Change on Mountain Waters: A Case Study of European Alps -- The Alps play a vital role in the water supply of the region through the rivers Danube, Rhine, Po and Rhone. Over the past two centuries, the temperature in the Alps has increased by +2 degrees. The regional model results show the consistent warming trend in the last 30 years. Assessment of Climate Driven Changes in Flow Series of Alpine Basin: A Case Study of Danube River Basin -- Laghari et al.: Assessment of Climate Driven Changes in Flow Series of Alpine Basin: A Case Study of Danube River. Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology in Nawabshah, Pakistan. Abdul Nasir Laghari, A. Rajper, Abdul Rehman Jatoi, Hira Soomro, H.Bux Jalbani, and Hira H. Climate Change and Eutrophication: A Short Review -- Nazari-Sharabian et al. write about the impact of climate change on water quality and water eutrophication. The paper is published in Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. 8, No. 6, 2018, 3668 to 3668. Visitors’ Knowledge, Awareness, and Perception (KAP) of Climate Change in Mashar National Park, Hail-Saudi Arabia -- According to Mohamed Ahmed Said, climate change has an impact on the cultural and natural heritage of Mashar National Park, Hail, Saudi Arabia and on the visitor traffic patterns in national parks. The average temperature ranges from 39°F to 103°F and is infrequently lower than 31°F or higher than 108°F. A total of 120 park visitors were sampled for the study. It was concluded that the visitors in Al-Mashar Park are not fully prepared to mitigate the impact of climate change. Adaptation of Finnish cross-country skiers to climate change -- Mia Landauer, Tuija Sievänen and Marjo Neuvonen conducted a study on cross-country skiers' adaptation to climate change. They found three groups of skier types with different perceptions of means for adapting their skiing behaviour to the decreasing skiing opportunities close to home. Communicating climate change – Learning from business: challenging values, changing economic thinking, innovating the low carbon economy -- Katharina Kaesehage, Katharina, Michael Leyshon, Chris Caseldine, and Michael Leahy are studying how business leaders of SMEs understand and communicate climate change relevant to their individual decision-making. The risks and opportunities presented by climate change for SMEs have been overlooked by previous research. The future of environmental sustainability in the Taita Hills, Kenya: assessing potential impacts of agricultural expansion and climate change -- Eduardo Eiji Maeda and his co-authors discuss the future of environmental sustainability in the Taita Hills, Kenya due to agricultural expansion and climate change. They propose an alternative method to reduce uncertainties and costs for estimating agricultural water demand. They predict that by 2030 new cropland areas may cause an in-crease of approximately 40% in the annual volume of water necessary for irriga-tion. Imagining future worlds alongside young climate activists: a new framework for research -- Benjamin Bowman is a researcher at Manchester Centre for Youth Studies at Manchester Metropolitan University. He has written an article about young people’s climate action. He proposes a new framework for research on young climate activists. He is concerned with Friday For Future, #FridaysForFuture, Youth Strike for Climate, and School Strike for (or 4) Climate. Youth-led climate strikes: fresh opportunities and enduring challenges for youth research - commentary to Bowman -- Bronwyn Elisabeth Wood responds to Benjamin Bowman's Fennia paper on youth-led climate strikes in 2019. She argues that the prevailing methodologies used to research youth political participation perpetuate unhelpful and inadequate dichotomies about youth. The final global climate strike gathered more than six million people in countries as diverse as Ghana, Brazil, Samoa and the Philippines. In her country of New Zealand, 3.5% of the population took to the streets on September 27 to demand urgent action on climate change. Assessing The Impacts of Climate Variability on Rural Households in Agricultural Land Through The Application of Livelihood Vulnerability Index -- Ginjo Gitima et al. assessed the impacts of climate variability on rural households’s livelihoods in agricultural land in Tarchazuria district of Dawuro Zone in Ethiopia. The study found that the variability adversely affects the livelihoods of rural households. Road infrastructure construction, watershed management and early warning information system should be a better response to climate variability. Climate change: Sources of uncertainty in precipitation and temperature projections for Denmark -- Bias correction method was used to bias-correct 21 RCM projections of daily temperature and precipitation for Denmark. The method is expected to provide a foundation for further analysis of climate change impacts in Denmark. It is based on 21 RCMs from the Euro-CORDEX initia-tive (Jacob et al. 2014) driven by GCMs from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5. RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5 are driven by the greenhouse gas concentration scenario. Assessing urban groundwater table response to climate change and increased stormwater infiltration -- Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 28, 2013, 33-36. Study aims to assess the potential response of urban infrastructure to climate change and increased stormwater infiltration. Silkeborg in Jylland is the focus of this study. IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, AND SURVIVAL OF AEDES SPECIES: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW -- Aedes aegypti is a small to medium-sized mosquito of 4 to 7 millimetres in size. It's a common vector that causes various types of infection. Climate change affects their distribution and survival. Global Journal of Public Health Medicine has published a review of 19 articles on the impact of climate change on Aedes species distribution. CLIMATE CHANGE ACTIONS: CRITICAL FACTORS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS -- Climate change is the biggest global health threat of the 21st century. It is mainly due to man-made activities such as fossil fuels combustion, livestock farming and deforestation. The public health effects include increased vector-borne diseases, heat-related illnesses and respiratory illnesses. The climate change agenda is the 13th goal of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals. Analysing the sensitivity of Hungarian landscapes based on climate change induced shallow groundwater fluctuation -- Fehér, Zs.Zs., Rakonczai, J. and János Rakonczynek discuss the relationship between climate change and water resources in Hungary. They present a spatiotemporal geostatistical cosimulation framework to identify rearrangements of the subsurface water resources. Emanuel, K.: What We Know about Climate Change -- Kerry Emanuel has written a book on climate change. The book is aimed at the wider public. It is a short summary of the scientific basis of climate change and its possible consequences. The author explains the relationship between rising carbon dioxide levels and the rising surface temperature of the Earth. The urban climate of Budapest: past, present and future -- The urban climate of Budapest has changed since the survey of the city in 1974. The impact of the anthropogenic heat release due to the expansion of traffic and the widespread use of air conditioners may have added an estimated 1-1.5 °C to the temperature surplus of Budapest. Regional models predict rising temperatures with more pronounced summer warming until 2100 in the Carpathian Basin. The cooler local climates of the Danube islands and the Budai Hills should be appreciated as valuable environmental assets. Projections of the urban and intra-urban scale thermal effects of climate change in the 21st century for cities in the Carpathian Basin -- By the end of the 21st century, global temperature change is projected to exceed 1.5 °C. The majority of the population is concentrated in cities. Urban heat island (UHI) developes in cities, so urban nocturnal temperature is usually higher than the rural one. This can have far-reaching health effects. Geographical analysis of climate vulnerability at a regional scale: the case of the Southern Great Plain in Hungary -- Farkas, J.Zs. et al. have written a paper on the case of the Southern Great Plain in Hungary and its climate change vulnerability. The main findings of the study are “hot spots” which coincide on both analyses of both analyses. Assessment of climate change exposure of tourism in Hungary using observations and regional climate model data -- Kovács, A. and Király, and Attila, are authors of Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 70 (2021) (3) 215-231. They analysed the exposure of tourism for Hungary on a district level and every month (from March to November) from 2021. The most favourable conditions are found in spring (MAM) and autumn (SON), while in summer (JJA) a decline in climate potential is observed. Perception, understanding, and action: attitudes of climate change in the Hungarian population -- Jankó, F. and Ferenc Jankó discuss the relationship between public understanding of climate change and the taking action on it in Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 67 (2018) (2) 159-171. The study is based on a non-representative, national level survey. Metaphors in texts about climate change -- Alice Deignan studies the use of metaphors and metonyms in texts about climate change. She finds that in popular texts for non-specialists, written texts tend to “open up” in Knudsen’s terms in terms of experts’ metaphors. Listening to older adults’ perspectives on climate change: Focus group study: RESEARCH PAPER -- The study explores climate change knowledge, attitudes and experiences of community-dwelling older adults in Edmonton, Alberta. The number of older adults 60 years of age and older will more than double by 2050. Older adults are more vulnerable to climate change than younger people due to lower physiological capacity, multimorbidity, sensory and mobility deficits, and social and structural barriers. Indigenous Peoples and Climate Change -- There is a growing attention on the need to take into account the effects of global climate change. The increasing amount of green house gas emissions from the Untied States and Europe is affecting poor peoples, especially those in developing countries. In 2003, the World Bank prepared a special report titled “Poverty and Climate Change: Reducing the Vulnerability of the Poor through Adaptation” (OECD 2003). This report followed the Eighth Session of the Conference of Parties to the UNFCCC Convention on Climate Change in New Delhi, India in October 2002. Adapting to Climate Change Through Source Water Protection: Case Studies from Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada -- Patrick, R. J. and Robert J. Patrick are writing an article for the International Indigenous Policy Journal. They discuss the protection of drinking water sources in First Nation communities on the Canadian Prairie. They also discuss the impact of climate change on source water and drinking water systems in First Nations communities. What Can Traditional Indigenous Knowledge Teach Us About Changing Our Approach to Human Activity and Environmental Stewardship in Order to Reduce the Severity of Climate Change? -- John Hansen, Rose Antsanen and others discuss what traditional Indigenous knowledge can teach us about environmental stewardship in order to reduce the severity of climate change. Indigenous knowledge has sustained Indigenous lands for thousands of years and promotes values that compel people to have a reciprocal relationship with the environment. I Could Turn You to Stone: Indigenous Blockades in an Age of Climate Change -- I Could Turn You to Stone: Indigenous Blockades in an Age of Climate Change is published in the International Indigenous Policy Journal. The Secwépemc First Nation of British Columbia, Canada has a myth where a character, Sk’elép, encounters strangers who try to “transform” him, but fail. This myth is used as a lens to reflect on the potential for future Indigenous-led blockades, which could reach the point of mass shutdowns. Towards the implementation of the Paris Climate Change Agreement 2015: Opportunities and Challenges for the Network of Universities Legal Aid Institutions (NULAI) Nigeria -- Nigeria is one of the countries affected by climate change. Ngozi Chinwa Ole and Onyekachi Eni discuss the negative impacts of climate change on Nigeria's economy. They argue that the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from land use and through the generation of electricity from fossil fuel sources contributes the most to the global problem. Greenprint for a Climate Justice Clinic: law schools' most significant access to justice challenge -- There is little prospect of willing government action in defence of climate despite the Paris Accords of 2015. Populist and conservative forces are still in a position to frustrate and delay and remain unconvinced by or hostile to broad climate action. Private lawyers who do not want to take part in the climate justice fight are often influenced by the short-term profit of their clients. Ethical collaboration and the need for training: Partnerships between Native American Tribes and climate science organisations -- Caitlin K Kirby, Citralina Haruo, Kyle P Whyte, Julie C Libarkin, Chris Caldwell, and Rebecca Edler wrote an article on the Ethical Collaboration between Native American Tribes and climate science organizations. It was published in International Journal of Community Research and Engagement Vol. 12, No. 1, January 2019. The National Science Foundation funded the research. Where’s the Love? Recentering Indigenous and Feminist Ethics of Care for Engaged Climate Research -- Jamie Haverkamp's article is published in the International Journal of Community Research and Engagement, Vol. 14, No. 2, December 2021. It is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons license. It was supported by the United States National Sience Foundation and the UTS epress. Global Warming and Climate Change: A Critique on International Law and Policy -- Global warming and climate change is a multidisciplinary topic of international concern. UNFCCC - the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate - was adopted at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992 and ratified by 195 countries. Kyoto Protocol came into force in 2005. Law plays a critical role for effective and equitable climate change governance. Perception, trends and impacts of climate change in Kailali District, Far West Nepal -- Perception and place-based studies give useful information on climate change in context of Nepal due to its wide geographical, climatic, biological and cultural diversity. People in the study area perceive that temperature and fog are increased and rainfall and hail are decreased. People have noticed impacts of climate change on vegetation, plant phenology and agriculture. Climate Change, Poverty and Income Inequality Linkage: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria -- Evelyn Nwamaka Ogbeide-Osaretin, Bright Orhewere, Oseremen Ebhote, Sadiq Oshoke Akhor, Israel Imide, and Ogunbiyi Oluwadamisi discuss the link between climate change and income inequality in Nigeria. Climate Policy Integration on the National and Regional Level: A Case Study for Austria and Styria -- Claudia Kettner, Daniela Kletzan-slamanig and their colleagues discuss the climate policy integration in Austrian policy-making. According to a Eurobarometer survey, 68% of Austrians regard climate change as a serious problem. Exploring the Impact of Renewable Energy on Climate Change in the GCC Countries -- Amira Kasem, Mohammad Alawin and their co-author discuss the role of renewable energy in mitigating the climate change in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. They argue that lack of effective policies and regulations and subsidized fuel prices are slowing down the implementation of renewable resources in the GCC. The Contribution of Energy Consumption to Climate Change: A Feasible Policy Direction -- The contribution of energy consumption to climate change is discussed in the International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy Vol. 2, No. 1, 2012, pp. 21-33. Since 1850, the global use of fossil fuels has increased and dominated world energy consumption and supply. Fossil fuels account for over 80% of global anthropogenic green house gas emissions (GHGs) in 2008. Developed countries have contributed the most to cumulative global CO2 emissions and have the highest historical emission. Expressed Willingness and Awareness of Students towards Climate Change in Lahore, Pakistan -- Khadija Gulraiz, Aabgeen Ali and 69 students from Lahore’s different public and private universities were asked about their attitudes about climate change and their willingness to take action to mitigate its effects. They wrote an article for the Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences. Industrial Development and Climate Change: A Case Study of Bangladesh -- Shiblee Nomani, Md. Rasel Rasel and Md. Imran Khan Reedoy are writing an article on the link between industrialization and climate change in Bangladesh. They argue that industrialization is the main cause of environmental pollution in Bangladesh and is damaging the environment. Assessment of Awareness on Climate Change among Public and Private Universities of Lahore -- Ayesha Mohsin, Abeera Shehzad, Fatima Bilal, Sana Akhtar, Syeda Anna, and others conducted a survey on climate change awareness in 4 tertiary institutions of Lahore, Pakistan. According to the survey, 49.1% of the students know about the policies the government is making regarding climate change and 62.5% agreed that they have the necessary information to prepare for the impacts of climate change. Climate Change, Carbon Tax, and the Indonesian Directorate General of Taxes Preparedness in Implementing the New Carbon Tax -- Ryan Nugraha, Paul Bologun, and Yandana are writing an article for the Ilomata International Journal of Tax & Accounting. They are concerned about climate change in Indonesia and the Directorate General of Taxes' preparedness to implement the new carbon tax. Domestic sources of ‘mild’ positions on international cooperation: Italy and global climate policy -- Federica Genovese is concerned with Italy's climate change politics. She argues that Italy has taken a mild position on international climate cooperation and climate policy more broadly. Italy is in the middle of the global spectrum of environmental progress. It is neither too ambitious nor too bleak in terms of climate action. REDUCING CLIMATE IMPACTS ON WATER RESOURCES AS THE LEGAL AND ECONOMIC BASIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY IN THE EU CANDIDATE COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF UKRAINE -- This article is published in the Baltic Journal of Economic Studies Vol. 8 No. 3, 2022. It is based on the European Union's current climate change policy and the recent environmental operations in Ukraine as an EU candidate country under extraordinary conditions. Toward a shared glossary for territorial risk management due to climate change -- Marcello Magoni and Rachele Radaelli write about a shared glossary for territorial risk management due to climate change in the IJPP – Italian Journal of Planning Practice Vol. XI, issue 1 - 2021. It was produced to overcome the differences between the different schools of thought in managing risk due to Climate Change. Important maize weeds profit in growth and reproduction from climate change conditions represented by higher temperatures and reduced humidity -- Climate change is predicted to result in higher temperatures and reduced humidity in Central Europe. This will affect crops and weeds. The study focuses on three C4 weeds in maize: Amaranthus retroflexus, Echinochloa crus-galli and Setaria viridis. They profited from the climate change. Climate Change Strategies and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation of The Natural Resource-Based View of The Firm -- U.S. is not a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The United States' abstinence from Kyoto Protocol will not protect it from the environmental and economic consequences of global climate change. If atmospheric carbon dioxide doubles by 2050, it will cost the U.S $68 billion annually and the annual global cost will be approximately $304 billion. Proactive firms typically engage in three broad climate-change initiatives aimed at reducing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions: developing energy substitutes for oil and coal, wind and solar power, and developing renewable energy sources. Outperforming Peers Through A Comprehensive Climate Change Strategy: The Case of Electric Utilities -- Firms with a comprehensive climate change strategy perform better than their competitors without such a strategy. Climate change is considered one of the greatest long-term challenges facing society. It is a prominent and much debated ecological issue that challenges many business models. It requires urgent action and is strategically relevant to organizations. Climate Change Forecasting Using Machine Learning SARIMA Model -- Shanza Zia, MS Scholar, is presenting her research on climate change forecast using the machine learning algorithm, SARIMA Model, in the iRASD Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, Volume 2, Number 1, 2021. Collective Risk Social Dilemma: Role of information availability in achieving cooperation against climate change -- Medha Kumar and Varun Dutt study the role of information availability in achieving cooperation against climate change in Collective Risk Social Dilemma (CRSD) game. They found that investments in CRSD were higher when information about players’ investments was available to all players compared to when it was available only to a few players or no one. Adaptation Strategies followed by the Rice Growers to Mitigate the Impact of Climate Change -- The study was conducted in Orathanadu block of Thanjavur district in Tamil Nadu. Fifteen farmers from four villages were selected to study the farmers' adaptation strategies. The correlation and regression tests were applied to ascertain the relationship of the farmers with the adaptation strategy and the results are discussed. Climate Change Impact on Paddy Farming in Erode and Tiruchirapalli Districts of Tamil Nadu -- A study was conducted on the small and marginal paddy farmers of Tamil Nadu. P. Sivaraj and H. Philip studied the climate change impact on the agriculture and allied sectors for their livelihoods. Agriculture is the most vulnerable sector to climate change as it is sensitive to climate variability. Strategies to Mitigate the Adverse Effects of Climate Change - Perspectives of the Farmers of North-East India -- There is increasing evidence that climate change will strongly affect the North eastern region of India, especially the state of Nagaland. The farmers suggested measures to overcome the ill effects of climate change. The Indian sub-continent is likely to experience a warming of over 3-5°C and significant changes in flood and drought frequency. Assessing Attitude of Tank Irrigated Farmers Towards Climate Change -- The present study was conducted in ten districts of five Agro Climatic Zones of Tamil Nadu to assess the attitude of tank irrigated farmers towards climate change. It found that majority of farmers had moderately favourable attitude towards it. Tank irrigation is one of the oldest and significant sources of irrigation in India. Tamil Nadu has experienced a decline in tank-irrigated area over the years. Environmental History of Rice Plantations in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire Between the 15th And 19th Centuries and Its Potential for Climate Research -- The study compares palaeoclimatological data with documentary evidence from institutionalized rice plantations in the Ottoman Empire between the 15th and 19th centuries. The study is published in the Journal of Environmental Geography 14 (1–2), 1–14. Climate Change Impacts on the Water Resources in the Danube River Basin and Possibilities to Adapt: – The Way to an Adaptation Strategy and its Update -- Climate change will have significant impacts on water resources in the Danube River Basin. Since water is essential for live, culture, economy and ecosystems, climate change adaptation is crucial. The International Commission for the Protection of the Danubian River got the mandate to develop an adaptation strategy in 2012 and to update it in 2018. The natural science basis on which the adaptation strategy and its update are based on are two studies conducted in 2011 and updated and revised in 2017/18. Modeling the Impacts of Climate Change on Phytogeographical Units: A Case Study of the Moesz Line -- Regional climate models provide reliable predictions for the next 90 years. In the 21st century northward latitudinal and upward altitudinal shift of the distribution of plant species and phytogeographical units is expected. The future climate is likely to be warmer, dryer in summer and have more extreme precipitations in the colder half-year term. Landscape architecture can have a significant role on the mitigation of climate change. Future Projections of Water Scarcity in the Danube River Basin Due to Land Use, Water Demand and Climate Change -- Berny Bisselink, Ad de Roo, Jeroen Bernhard, Emiliano Gelati, and Adel Haddeland are writing a paper on the future water scarcity in the Danube River Basin due to land use, water demand, population and climate change. It is expected that the water supply cannot fulfil the water demands in coming decades. Effect of Climate Change on the Hydrological Character of River Maros, Hungary-Romania -- The future of the River Maros in Hungary and Romania is determined by the amount of water drained by the river. The study emphasizes a decrease in winter snow reserves and an earlier start of the melting period, which suggests decreasing spring flood levels and a more extensive flood season in the early autumn. TEACHING CLIMATE CHANGE TO ECON 101 STUDENTS -- Junaid Jahangir proposes a new way of teaching climate change to ECON 101 students. He suggests a five-part approach based on popular books, magazine articles, a YouTube video, and simple exercises. He uses the Mankiw, Kneebone, and McKenzie textbook instead of the CORE textbook. The UN Agenda 2030 and the Climate-Security Nexus in Africa -- In 2019, the world was to end the warmest decade (2010-2019) ever recorded. In 2015, a UN Summit adopted Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Goal 13 focuses on climate action and its impact on humanity. Africa is the lowest carbon emitter in the world, but the continent is extremely vulnerable to climate change. It has been argued that climate change may be a triggering factor to conflicts and wars, especially in societies with poor governance. Urban Resilience Strategy in The Climate Change Governance in Makassar City, Indonesia -- The Application of Social Movement as a Form of Digital Advocacy: Case of #TolakRUUPermusikan. The Influence of Social Media (Instagram) of Bantul’s General Election. Commissions on Voters Participation in the 2019 Elections. Adapting to New Security Realities in a Climate-Disrupted World -- Ms. Carol Dumaine, Nonresident Senior Fellow at Atlantic Council, presented Adapting to New Security Realities in a Climate-Disrupted World at the 2021 CASIS West Coast Security Conference on November 26, 2021. Ms. Dumaine’s presentation focused on how the climate crisis poses new security realities that challenge traditional concepts of national security. Breakout room discussion focused on the need to amend international refugee policy to account for the new climate challenges. The Shortcomings of Rationalist claims: Carbon Taxation and Political-Economy Approaches to Climate Change -- There is a growing concern about climate change and the response of nation-states to it. This paper uses a political-economy approach to explain the difference between the zero-sum understandings of political and security perspectives within a liberal-capitalistic world order that thrives on positive-sum narratives. Global fossil fuel emissions as measured in GtCo2 (Gigatonnes of CO2) have increased by 20-percent in the past decade. Greenland and Antartic Ice sheets are losing mass. Climate Change and International Conflict: How Climate Change’s Impact on the Nile Affects Egypt-Ethiopia Conflict -- Rafsyanjani Mohammad explains the impact of climate change on the Nile on the Egypt-Ethiopia conflict. The article is published in Islamic World and Politics Vol. 4, No. 2, December 2020. The author describes a literature review of relations between climate change and international conflict. Analysis of Climate Change Induced Parameters of South-Eastern Coastal Islands of Bangladesh: Comparison from 1977 to 2017 -- Climate change is one of the biggest threats for the new millennium. Bangladesh is considered as "Poster Child" as an impact on climate change in the world. The main focus of the study is to investigate the changing pattern of climate parameters in two coastal islands of the southeastern coast of Bangladesh from 1977 to 2017. Poor land use planning is the primary anthropogenic driver of the change. The study found decreasing rates of bright sunshine in the Island areas. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON MOUNTAIN BIODIVERSITY: A SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GILGIT-BALTISTAN OF PAKISTAN -- There is a need to increase research on the impact of climate change on mountain biodiversity in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Global warming is a major threat to mountain biodiversity and ecosystem integrity. The study is published in the Journal of Mountain Area Research Vol. 1, 2016. MAPPING APPLE TREES FUTURE LAND USE POTENTIAL AS A MEANS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN EAST-MEDITERRANEAN MOUNTAINS: MOUNT-LEBANON -- Thus, the areas of future potential agricultural land in relation to the study area differed greatly between cluster A which had the highest relative percentage (relative to the existing agricultural lands) of 27% and cluster J with the lowest percentage of 9%. Research on increasing the productivity of apple trees on their existing agriculture lands under future climate change scenario is also a challenge to be addressed due to the low quantities of potential lands suitable for a good production especially in areas where altitudinal migration is not possible. POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PLANT DIVERSITY OF HILLY AREAS OF AZAD KASHMIR AND THEIR MITIGATION: A REVIEW -- A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. 37 J. mt. area res., Vol. 2, 2017 Journal of Mountain Area Research POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON PLANT DIVERSITY OF HILLY AREAS OF AZAD KASHMIR AND THEIR MITIGATION: Education for Sustainable Development as Strategy for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation: A Literature Review -- Rather, there is a great need for a “sense of urgency” to empower and actively involve every individual to adapt and to mitigate the worsening of climate change. Climate change might result from natural factors and processes or from human activities. Climate Change Awareness of the Community Officials in the Municipality of Saint Bernard, Southern Leyte: Gear towards Vulnerability and Adaption -- Which statement describes your position best f % rank 5.1 I am well-informed what I personally can do to stop climate change 22 33% 2 5.2 I am not very well-informed but I would like to learn how I can help to stop climate change 44 66% 1 5.3 I believe that climate change problem is exaggerated and it doesn’t need urgent solution (at least my personal participation is not needed at all) 1 1% 3 Community Ordinances Related to Climate Change Table 4 shows the distribution of existing community ordinances related to climate change ranked according to the number of times reflected in the questionnaire. This study was conducted to assess the level of the community officials’ related awareness on climate change, more particular on its cause and effect, thought and belief, and the course of action through community ordinances related to climate change. Climate Change Adaptation of the Hospitality Establishments in Southern Leyte, Philippines -- Using descriptive-correlational method, managers and owners of 13 Department of Tourism (DOT) identified hospitality industry establishments along the coastlines of Maasin City and Saint Bernard Southern Leyte were surveyed through purposive sampling. The findings were the basis for the development of guidelines for climate-smart services for hospitality industry establishments along the coastal areas. Knowledge Building on Climate Change among Women in Flood-Prone Communities in Cotabato City -- The effects of gender on climate change knowledge and concern in the American public.  42 JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research Knowledge Building on Climate Change among Women in Flood-Prone Communities in Cotabato City ESTELITA S. GAYAK http://orcid.org0000-0001-7037-9755 esgayak@gmail.com Notre Dame University Cotabato City, Philippines Originality: 99% • Grammar Check: 99% • Plagiarism: 1% ABSTRACT According to the United Nations (UN), disaster situations such as flooding in South and East Asia are increasingly linked to climate change, and the greater vulnerability of women is most striking. The Initiatives of Local Government Units (LGUs) in Batangas on Climate Change -- The local government units in the Philippines are at the forefront of disaster management including responding to the impacts of climate change. With the necessity to address this problem, this study aimed to determine the initiatives of the local government units (LGUs) in Batangas on climate change. Agencies and Communities Participation in the Climate Change Programs -- This provides challenges to the government agencies responsible for implementing climate change programs. The pamphlet will have the information about climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction management programs being implemented in Camarines Sur. Research on Public Health Security Risk Management and Emergency Response Measures under Climate Change -- Beginning in January 2020, a new coronavirus-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) was first diagnosed in Wuhan, China, and the epidemic quickly spread across the country, becoming a major event with the fastest spread, widest range of infection, and most difficult prevention and control in New China Public health emergencies have caused far-reaching social impacts and huge economic costs. Research Article 气候变化背景下公共卫生安全风险管理与应急处置对策研究 Research on Public Health Security Risk Management and Emergency Response Measures under Climate Change Xing Kaicheng1,2, Li Hongyu2, Ma Guihong3, Jing Yuanyuan2, Yang Ming2, Huang Dapeng4,5,* 1Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Ecometeorology and Environment, Shijiazhuang 050021, China 2Hebei Climate Center, Shijiazhuang 050021, China 3Meteorological Bureau of Gaoyi County, Shijiazhuang 050081, China 4National Climate Center, Beijing 10008, China 5Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China A RT I C L E I N F O Article History Received 31 March 2020 Accepted 22 July 2020 Keywords Climate change public health risk management A B S T R AC T Climate change, characterized by global warming, has a wider and deeper impact on society, economy and life. A Study of the Impact on Soybean Potential under Climate Change -- 15 天 间隔分成几个代表性生育期。为更明显的比较观测 值与 AEZ 模型模拟的结果，将观测站点的品种生育 期长度根据 AEZ 模型的品种库分为 4 类。从图 1 生 育期长度的对比中，我们可以看到两个主要的不同 点： 1）观测站点中存在 150 天生育期的品种，而在 原始 AEZ 模型的品种库中仅有其他三种类型（105 天，120 天，135 A Study of the Impact on Soybean Potential under Climate Change 北长的趋势，这主要是因为 AEZ 模型是采用的自动 算法，所考虑的因素主要是气候、土壤等客观因素 的影响，没有考虑区域内复种指数、作物的轮作等 种植者决定的主观因素，而在我国大部分地区，大 豆并不是一种主作物，农民会优先种植小麦、水稻 等收益较大的作物，从而导致大豆可种植的生育期 就会缩短。 （2）AEZ 模型的调试 针对原始 AEZ 模型的不足，通过不断试验模拟， 与观测值进行比较验证。本研究中我们做了两点主 要的改进：1)在 AEZ 模型的品种库中增加生育期为 150 天的品种，并根据观测数据补充和改进 AEZ 模 型的其他相关品种参数，包括收货系数、最大叶面 积指数、积温等，使之与我国大豆种植生长发育情 况更为吻合。从表 2 中改进的品种参数结果来看， 原有品种收货系数和最大叶面积指数整体上增加， 可增加模拟的生产潜力；适宜最低积温降低、适宜 最高积温提高，扩大大豆生长发育对温度的要求范 围，使之适宜于我国南方热量资源丰富的地区。 AEZ 模型能够根据气候、土壤资源生成八种不 同的耕作系统类型，通过比较观测值与耕作系统的 关系，发现大豆生育期长度与耕作系统分布之间存 在一定的相关性，即在单作区内大豆观测生育期长 度较长而在多熟区内大豆生育期较短。基于作物耕 作系统调整 AEZ 模型的自动算法，使其在一个耕作 系统内根据限制品种的选择，一种作物耕作系统内 选择特定的品种，代替原有的完全最优自动算法。 根据表 3 进行品种选择：其中单作区内大豆生 表 2. Evaluation of Climate Change Risk Perception in Baoji City Based on AHP-Bayesian Network -- In specific, the inten- sity or level of climate change risk perception is measured by the intensity of exposure perception, risk perception and vulnerability perception, and the AHP-Bayesian network model is used to eval- uate people’s perception of climate change risk. i i i=å ( ) (1) where R indicated the intensity of climate change risk perception; P(Tl) represented probability at the corresponding level of expo- sure, danger, and vulnerability in the AHP-Bayesian network model, indicating the level (low, medium, and high) of risk per- ception; Qi denoted the average perception intensity of exposure, danger, and vulnerability at each level via AHP method; Wi indi- cated the perception weight of exposure, danger, and vulnerabil- ity at each level calculated via AHP method; and i represented the intensity level of exposure, danger, and vulnerability perception of climate change risk. Study on Meteorological Service Policy for Agricultural Insurance in Hebei Province under the Background of Climate Change -- Based on the simulation results of climate models under moderate and high emission scenarios, the distribution characteristics of mean annual and seasonal air temperature in Hebei Province in the first 50 years of the 21st century are given, and the main problems in the practice of agricultural insurance in Hebei Province are pointed out. Based on the simulation results of climate models under moderate and high emission scenarios, the distribution characteristics of mean annual and seasonal air temperature in Hebei Province in the first 50 years of the 21st century are given, and the main problems in the practice of agricultural insurance in Hebei Province are pointed out. Attitudes of Property Owners to Climate Change Considerations and Their Effects on Future Property Values in Coastal Communities -- It is difficult to investigate the representative level of the sample for second home property owners compared to the general second home property owners’ population in Currituck County due to the lack of demographic information from the U.S. Census or other state and local agencies for this widely geographically distributed group of “residents”. These clusters represent various perceptions of property owners toward the effects of climate on property ownership and future property values. A Comparative Analysis of Climate Change Risk Response Perception Paths between Northern and Southern Shaanxi -- Table 3 | Correlation coefficient matrix of climate change risk perception in northern Shaanxi Index Understanding the reasons of climate change Coping situation Scenic beauty perception Environmental stability awareness Living environment −0.035 0.07 0.435** 0.062 Risk concept 0.01 0.075 0.238** 0.174** Concern about climate change 0.149** 0.245 Instead, concern degree for climate change issues and climate change reason perception influence the causal path of climate change risk perception [36]. Research on Information Channel of Climate Change Risk Perception of Shaanxi People -- The above-mentioned researches on the information paths of climate change risk perception have focused on the influence of information on climate change risk perception and on the theo- retical level of climate change risk perception channel, but there are few researches on the internal mechanism and specific path or information channel of climate change risk perception. As scholars continue to deepen their research on climate change risk perception [6], climate change that attracts worldwide concern has gradually transformed into a scientific topic concerning the public. Multi-Scale Climate Change and Its Influencing Factors in Northern Shaanxi during 1960–2020 -- [42] Li S, Kong F, Han L, Yan J, Wang C, Wu Y. Spatio-temporal variation of extreme precipitation and its influencing factors on the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi province. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China “Regional Climate Change Risk Perception and Response” (41771215) and Science and Technology Coordinated Plan Project of Shaanxi Province (2016KTCL03-17). AUSTRALIAN FOREIGN AID MOTIVATION FOR TUVALU IN EFFORTS TO COPE WITH CLIMATE CHANGE 2015 - 2020 -- In a broad sense K.J. Holsti in his book International Politics: Framework of Analysis says that foreign aid is a transfer of money or technology or consultation in the form of technical advice to recipient countries from aid donor countries or donor countries (Holsti, 1972). Government development spending in Tuvalu is largely a reflection of foreign aid from other countries (Tisdell, 2000). Five Points on Sociology, PEWS and Climate Change -- JWSR has a wonderful track record of publishing research on the environment, including climate change, and I’m proud that I modestly contributed to this while serving as coeditor of the journal from 2007 to 2011, and by guest coediting a special issue on globalization and the environment that appeared prior to my term as coeditor (http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/issue/view/35). #21 No. 2 | Five Points on Sociology, PEWS, Climate Change jwsr.org | http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jwsr.2015.18 270 five points concerning sociological research on climate change, with particular attention given to the ways in which the PEWS tradition helps shape portions of this scholarly work, and I make a few connections between this work and the climate justice community. Extreme Cities: The Peril and Promise of Urban Life in the Age of Climate Change -- 25 Issue 2 | Jacob F. Northcutt and Brett Clark jwsr.pitt.edu | DOI 10.5195/JWSR.2019.937 497 centers generate massive amounts of carbon dioxide, they are sites of extreme ecological transformations, and many cities--especially those along coasts--are extremely vulnerable to the consequences of climate change. From this point of tension, Dawson investigates the current state and the future of the “extreme city” in the face of climate change. Climate Justice and Sustained Transnational Mobilization -- The emerging global justice movement began to take advantage of the rise of internet communication technologies (ICTs). Almeida’s books include: Social Movements: The Structure of Collective Mobilization (University of California Press, 2019); Mobilizing Democracy: Globalization and Citizen Protest (Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014); Waves of Protest: Popular Struggle in El Salvador, 1925-2005 (University of Minnesota Press, 2008); Handbook of Social Movements across Latin America (co-edited with Allen Cordero, 2015); and Latin American Social Movements: Globalization, Democratization and Transnational Networks (co-edited with Hank Johnston, 2006). Individualized responsibility: 'if climate protection becomes everyone's responsibility, does it end up being no-one's?' -- WWF’s Earth Hour campaign, for example, relies on business and community engagement to undertake climate change action by turning off lights for one hour on one day of the year. This implies that every single individual’s life must change in some way in order for us to avoid the most severe consequences of global climate change. The Voices of Local NGOs in Climate Change Issues: Examples from Climate Vulnerable Nations -- Making available information on climate change issues in languages understood by the local communities, as in Nepal and Tuvalu, and using radio broadcasts as well as printed materials and posters are significant mechanisms for translating climate change knowledge. Following Jasanoff and Wynne (1998), he favours dialogue and encourages governments to avoid becoming an echo chamber, where they merely repeat arguments from Western scientific literature, instead of engaging with local knowledge (Rudiak-Gould 2012, p. 53). Climate change and the genus Rhipicephalus (Acari : Ixodidae) in Africa -- In East Africa 30 % of the species (R. humeralis, R. kochi and R. planus) are predicted to show range contractions, while 70 % (R. aquatilis, R. armatus, R. bequaerti, R. carnivoralis R. maculatus, R. mueh- lensi and R. pulchellus) are predicted to show range expansions. There is also an increase in tick species richness in the south-western re- gions of the sub-continent. COP27 Climate Change Conference: Urgent action needed for Africa and the world -- Orapuh Journal 1 OPEN ACCESS SPECIAL EDITORIAL ISSN: 2644-3740 Orapuh | https://orapuh.org/orapj https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/orapj.v3i1.3 COP27 Climate Change Conference: Urgent action needed for Africa and the world Atwoli, L.1, Erhabor, G. E.2, Gbakima, A. A.3, Haileamlak, A.4, Ntumba, J. K.5, Kigera, J.6, Laybourn-Langton, L.7, Mash, B.8, Muhia, J.9, Mulaudzi, F. M.10, Ofori-Adjei, D.11, Okonofua, F.12, Rashidian, A.13, El-Adawy, M.14, Sidibé, S.15, Snouber, A.16, Tumwine, J.17, Yassien, M. S.18, Yonga, P.19, Zakhama, L.20, & Zielinski, C.21 1 Editor-in-Chief, East African Medical Journal 2 Editor-in-Chief, West African Journal of Medicine 3 Editor-in-Chief, Sierra Leone Journal of Biomedical Research 4 Editor-in-Chief, Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences 5 Chief Editor, Annales Africaines de Medecine 6 Editor-in-Chief, Annals of African Surgery 7 University of Exeter 8 Editor-in-Chief, African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 9 London School of Medicine and Tropical Hygiene 10 Editor-in-Chief, Curationis 11 Editor-in-Chief, Ghana Medical Journal 12 Editor-in-Chief, African Journal of Reproductive Health 13 Executive Editor, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 14 Director of Health Promotion, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 15 Director of Publication, Mali Médical 16 Managing Editor, Journal de la Faculté de Médecine d’Oran 17 Editor-in-Chief, African Health Sciences 18 Editor-in-Chief, Evidence-Based Nursing Research 19 Managing Editor, East African Medical Journal 20 Editor-in-Chief, La Tunisie Médicale 21 University of Winchester Correspondence: chris.zielinski@ukhealthalliance.org Wealthy nations must step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present and future impacts of climate change The 2022 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) paints a dark picture of the future of life on earth, characterised by ecosystem collapse, species extinction, and climate hazards such as heatwaves and floods (1). In west and central Africa, severe flooding resulted in mortality and forced migration from loss of shelter, cultivated land, and livestock (7). COP27 Climate Change Conference: Urgent Action Needed for Africa and the World -- PhiliPPine Journal of otolaryngology-head and neck Surgery Wealthy nations must step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present and future impacts of climate change The 2022 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) paints a dark picture of the future of life on earth, characterised by ecosystem collapse, species extinction, and climate hazards such as heatwaves and floods.1 These are all linked to physical and mental health problems, with direct and indirect consequences of increased morbidity and mortality. Reflections on climate change and public health in Africa in an era of global pandemic. Climate change and biodiversity in the Arctic—Nordic perspectives -- Global change and Arctic ecosystems: is lichen decline a function of increases in vascular plant biomass? This meta-analysis (Arft et al. 1999) demonstrated the sensi- tivity of tundra plants to warming, and identified differ- ential responses among contrasting growth forms and among contrasting regions (High Arctic; Low Arctic; alpine). Contrasting climate change in the two polar regions -- In contrast, the extent of Antarctic sea ice has increased, with the greatest growth being in the autumn. Relationships between the interannual variability of Antarctic sea ice and the Southern Oscillation. Is climate change causing the increasing narwhal (Monodon monoceros) catches in Smith Sound, Greenland? -- Coupled with the effects of climate change, which appear to be accelerat- ing and leading to changes in sea-ice cover earlier than expected (Holland et al. 2006; Stroeve et al. 2007; Serreze et al. 2007), this could have serious detrimental implications for narwhal stocks. These changes are considered to be the result of anthro- pogenic climate change (Solomon et al. 2007). Decrease of lichens in Arctic ecosystems: the role of wildfire, caribou, reindeer, competition and climate in north-western Alaska -- Hegg- berget et al. Though more common in boreal forest ecosystems, fires do occur within the tundra winter ranges of Rangifer (Jandt et al. 2008), and are expected to continue to increase in frequency (Higuera et al. 2008). Climate Justice at the Local Level: The Case of Turkey -- By using content analysis, this article explores climate change action plans of Turkish municipalities from the perspective of climate justice. In the second part, I examine the documents that delegate power and responsibilities to local governments by the central government in Turkey, in order to understand the context in which municipalities implement climate change policies. Synthesis of Climate Change Policy in Judicial, Executive, and Legislative Branches of U.S. Government -- Although only a handful of these cases have been successful, they have resulted in a variety of interesting outcomes that have a direct impact on US greenhouse gas policy. While many other developed countries have implemented greenhouse gas initiatives, the USA became mired in the debate over the actual existence of global warming (McCright & Dunlap 2003), the prudence of developing policy in the perceived lack of scientific information in support of global warming (Leiserowitz 2006), and the ways to go about reducing greenhouse gas emissions (McCarl & Schnieder 2000; Rose & Oladosu 2002). Global Deliberative Democracy and Climate Change: Insights from World Wide Views on Global Warming in Australia -- WWViews took place in public space as an exercise in communicative freedom—a response to the perception of a democratic gap between citizens and policymakers and a need to involve citizens more directly in deliberation on global climate change policy 2 Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium (Flanders), Bolivia, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Chinese Taipei, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Saint Lucia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Maldives, Uganda, United Kingdom, Uruguay, USA, and Vietnam. On the other hand, as a transient event, its contribution towards the emergence of a global deliberative system for climate change response was limited and it achieved little influence on global climate change policy. Shifting Global Climate Governance: Creating Long-Term Goals Through UNFCCC Article 2 -- As a result, it raises critical definitional questions that inhibit determining long-term goals for addressing global climate change. Finally, it does offer some common ground for getting recalcitrant (yet differently positioned) countries like the USA and China to join in the global effort to combat global climate change, both through an incentivized approach based on technology and clean economies, as well as long-term 10 ‘Contraction’ is the reducing of global GHG emissions, and ‘convergence’ is the closing of the gap between per capita emissions between the affluent and the developing countries to a level (in the future) where ultimately emission outputs are equal for every person. Disorderly Deliberation? Generative Dynamics of Global Climate Justice -- The approach taken in this paper positions such disorder, centring on a contest over the meaning of climate justice, at the core of global climate governance. The aim is for constructive critique, and the generation of alternate principles and guides to action, in order to address climate change and realizing climate justice. Climate Change, Copenhagen and Psycho-social Disorder -- Climate Change, Copenhagen and Psycho-social Disorder Jonathan Paul Marshall, University of Technology, Sydney Given the obvious dangers of climate change, the failure of the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Conference requires social theorists to investigate reasons for the breakdown that go beyond pointing out the fear of change, describing denial, talking of conflict between particular power-blocks, demanding justice, or positing that the ruling class is determined to make money at the expense of the ecological system and their own survival. This essay looks at responses to climate change as psycho-social responses mediated through myth and disordered networks. Exclusive Minilateralism: An Emerging Discourse within International Climate Change Governance? -- This call for key decisions on international climate change governance to be reduced to a select forum of key states has been echoed by US foreign policy commentator Wright (2009: 167), Australian climate policy commentator Kellow (2006: 287–303) and Australian Opposition climate change spokesman Greg Hunt M.P (2009). What challenges does the Exclusive Minilateralism Discourse provide for the furtherance of democracy in international climate change governance? Futurism, Futurology, Future Shock, Climate Change: Visions of the Future from 1909 to the Present -- The future conceived in 1963 is a Space Age construction; we file it within a history of the future, or of futures that have been imagined, predicted or projected; futures that were never realised. If heavy industry had been vilified as the contaminator of the environment, perhaps the online community could generate another, cleaner future. Local Green Governance: integrating sustainability into Public Policy in light of climate changes -- Post-Doctorate on Environmental Policy Planning, in Faculdade de Saúde Pública in Universidade de São Paulo. E-mail: malupadilha@usp.br Aline Matulja Sanitary and Environmental Engineer. Master degree student in Environmental Health and Public Policies Program, in Faculdade de Saúde Pública in Universidade de São Paulo. ASSESSING FUTURE SCENARIOS OF WATER AVAILABILITY USING CMPI5 HIGH RESOLUTION CLIMATE MODELS – CASE STUDY OF THE ALTO TIETÊ BASIN -- The use of climate models for the study of water availability is an important tool for the integrated and preventive management of water resources, in order to evaluate the resilience of a specific region to the impacts of climate changes and to increase the man- agement potentialities aiming water security, despite the existence of uncertainties related to this sort of model to forecasting future climate scenarios (SILVA; VALVERDE, 2017). Therefore, the importance of pro- ducing studies that generate complementary results for the use of climate models to evaluate water avail- ability in the BHAT is highlighted, such as the applica- tion of other climate models to assess the climate vari- ability through several future scenarios. Climate Change and Emergence of Violent Conflicts -- Climate change is about to produce the most profound influence in the field of agriculture (both arable and pastoral farming), in this respect agri-based economies will be more vulnerable as compared to economies having industry as their base, for instance African countries are more susceptible to various stresses of climate change, as it is estimated that around 250 million people (El-Hinnawi, E, 2011) are expected to go through water as well as food insecurities. The changing climate may lead to three main categories of conflict influencing three major sectors of any nation, personal level or individual violent behavior and transgression, which includes killings, physical attack, rape and family aggression thus producing negative influence sociologically putting the society towards more negativity ; intergroup violence and political instability, such as domestic hostilities, riots, racial aggression as well as territory invasions thus leading to a threat full environment politically even leading to crash of governments in severe cases ; and institutional breakdowns or state level conflicts, such violence and conflicts may lead to strives over resources amongst nations thus creating hazards economically for a nation. The Impact of Post-Covid-19 Economic Recession on Public Perception of Climate Change and Environmental Behavior in Pakistan -- PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SPIRITUAL DIMENSIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: with Karl E. Peters,“Living with the Wicked Problem of Climate Change”; Paul H. Carr,“What The association between different variable including climate change perception, socio economic background, climate change prioritization and post-Covid-19 economic perception were measured using Chi-square statistics. Vulnerability to climate change of smallholder cocoa producers in the province of Manabí, Ecuador -- 2019 Vulnerability to climate change of smallholder cocoa producers in the province of Manabí, Ecuador This study also specified the particularly vulnerable areas (Figure 5) to lead decision making by cocoa producers in these areas. Model of the climate changes The decrease in precipitation is located precisely in the mountainous zones recognized as water-producing areas (Figure 4); therefore, this decrease has a direct effect on the availability of water for future irrigation systems in cocoa areas since the monthly rainfall average in them barely exceeds the amount required by the crop (125 mm year-1). Carbon Emissions Embodied in Russia’s Trade: Implications for Climate Policy1 -- According to Peters et al. (2011), net embodied emissions exports from developing to developed countries increased from 0.4 Gt CO2 in 1990 to 1.6 Gt CO2 in 2008, which exceeds the Kyoto Protocol emission reductions. Therefore, directions of Russian emission exports using the MRIO method are defined not by directions of Russian commodity exports, but by global trade flows. Sustainable Management of Climate Change: The Case of the Middle East and North Africa Region -- The importance to the energy sector in determining the state of prosperity in MENA countries becomes very clear when one considers the per capita level of GHG emissions and its variation amongst the different countries of the region (Figure 3).  The extent of financial support received from international agencies by MENA countries for http://apc.aast.edu/ Journal of Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development (RESD) June 2015 - ISSN 2356-8569 157 RESD © 2015 http://apc.aast.edu mitigation/adaptation measures is relatively low. Implications of Farmer’s Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change in Agricultural Sector of Gujarat: Experience from Farm Level Data -- The descriptive and empirical results specify that adaptation strategies (i.e., change in showing time of crops, mixed cropping pattern, irrigation facilities, application of green and organic fertilizer, hybrid varieties of seeds, dampening of seed before planting, climate tolerate crops, organic farming and technology) have a positive impact on agricultural production. Maximum temperature and minimum temperature, precipitation and rainfall have a negative impact on agricultural production. Economic valuation of increased malaria due to climate change: A South African case study -- The second major challenge of this work is how to realistically describe an impact before adaptation has occurred - because, in reality, adaptation to malaria risks has already occurred in South Africa. For mortality estimates, we used the average share of malaria cases resulting in death in the last three years in South Africa, or 0.7 per cent of cases (DOH, 2000). A Manifestation of Climate Change? A Look at Typhoon Yolanda in Relation to the Historical Tropical Cyclone Archive -- The same paper suggested a poleward shift in tropical cyclone formation. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Tropical cyclone frequency Figure 1 shows tropical cyclone formation in the west Pacif ic basin on an annual basis. Knowledge and perception about climate change among healthcare professionals and students: A cross-sectional study -- The scientific literature was investigated in order to assess the presence of studies addressing knowledge on CC of health professionals and students. The aim of the studies was to measure the knowledge and perceptions of health professionals and students about CC and its consequences. Climate change and its extensions in infectious diseases: South-Eastern Europe under focus -- Climate change is presenting itself today as an urgent global health threat, and it requires immediate international action with high priority. Keywords: Climate change, Communicable diseases, Disease reservoirs, Europe, Vector- borne diseases Kayacan ZC, Akgul O. Climate change and its extensions in infectious diseases: South Eastern Europe under focus (Review article). IMPACT: Ideal Measures for Participation and Awareness of Climate Change: Stronger Together Citizen participation in achieving the European Green Deal in the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion -- Policy Options: Citizens often do not feel responsible for taking climate action; however, everyone should contribute to achieving the biggest results in tackling climate change. Keywords: Citizen participation; Climate change; European Green Deal; Meuse-Rhine Euroregion Alsamara, I.; Beinert, S. F.; De Jong, J. C.; Klappe, M. J. P.; Marewski, V. S. (Policy brief). Assessment of a climate-resilient and low-carbon power supply scenario for Rwanda -- Consequently, the analysis of the power supply concentrated only on electricity supply scenarios that meet the projected demand under the very high scenario. [21] analysed the trends in power generation for the central and southern African regions and found that, towards the end of the 21st century, hydropower generation may decrease by 7% to 34% in the southern African and increase by 6% to 18% in the central African regions. CLICHE: Education Games for Climate Change Countermeasures -- One of education games has been created to educate people about climate change, and to inform about climate change and the way to minimize the effects. Keywords: digital game, education games, climate change, simulation game. Different Responses in Geographic Range Shifts and Increase of Niche Overlap in Future Climate Scenario of the Subspecies of Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier -- This species is divided into two subspecies based on difference in the yellow tergal stripes, which are continuous in M. q. quadrifasciata and interrupted in M. q. anthidioides. This procedure was performed 100 times (from M. q. anthidioides to M. q. quadrifasciata and from M. q. quadrifasciata to M. q. anthidioides) to generate two new null distributions of D-values. The Constitutionality of Federal Climate Change Legislation -- There is little doubt that there can be incidental overlap or overflow of federal criminal law power into provincial subjects.144 But the insistence of four judges in the Assisted Reproduction Act Reference that the scope of the criminal law power must be assessed to prevent incursion on provincial powers is a strong indication that the nature and extent of overflow must be carefully considered with the subsidiarity principle (power should be exercised by the government closest to the contested subject matter) in mind.145 Characterization of the pith and substance as regulation of GHG emissions by persons and corporations — particularly by certain energy sectors — would point to the amended Clean Air Bill being not essentially criminal, but regulatory. Home grown GHG emission- reduction targets are specified in the form of a “Domestic Carbon Budget,” to be 20 percent less than 1990 levels by 2020, 35 percent less by 2035 and 60-80 percent less by 2050.80 But core provisions in the Clean Air Bill do aim at GHG emission reduction. Climate Change and the Trading System: After Doha and Doha -- In December 2009, the EPA issued an endangerment finding, which concluded that six classes of GHGs cause global climate change and that new motor vehicles contribute to GHG pollution, further endangering public health and welfare. 9 UNFCCC, “Poznań Climate Change Conference – December 2008,” United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, http://unfccc.int/meetings/poznan_dec_2008/meeting/6314.php. Climate Change Solutions - Sensible or Misguided? -- The IPCC report points to a significant difference between stabilizing the average global temperature at 1.50C compared to 20C in terms of substantially higher risks and irreversibility, such as the loss of coral reefs and ecosystems, and the potential for the uncontrolled release of methane hydrates.3 4.0  IPCC SCENARIO MODELLING TO LIMIT THE INCREASE TO 1.50C Scenarios from climate models can provide insights into relevant policies; for example, on how fast countries must decarbonize and when the peak of global emissions is reached. The overall target is for global emissions to be net zero by 2050. Climate Change and the proposed Canadian Northern Corridor -- Entre 1948 et 2016, la température moyenne annuelle dans le Nord canadien a augmenté d’environ 2,3 °C, notamment une augmentation de 4,3 °C pendant les mois d’hiver (Vincent et al. 2018). L’augmentation la plus forte, toute proportion gardée, est enregistrée dans le Nord canadien (Vincent et al. 2018). The key role of No-Carbon State-Owned Enterprises in Global Climate Action: Leveraging the G20 forum to accelerate the energy transition -- If fully engaged in energy transition and climate action programs, no-carbon NOCs bear a tremendous potential to facilitate the harmonization of policy goals that foster long- term sustainable development: provision of energy services with lower carbon intensity, mitigation of worsening environmental conditions and effective contribution to economic growth. The G20’s current governance structure, which is shown in Figure 9, includes 11 working groups that span diverse topics, two of which particularly address energy transition and climate sustainability, as well as the environment (G20 2020c). Fostering Resilience and Adapting to Climate Change in the Canadian North— Implications for Infrastructure in the Proposed Canadian Northern Corridor -- Adaptation planning can foster resilience by improving maladapted infrastructure and addressing the lack of resources that limit adaptive capacity (Ford and King 2013; Ramsey et al. 2019; Williams et al. 2020). Pearce et al. (2020) urge engaging local and Indigenous communities early and often to identify if a corridor is desirable and relevant to them; research here echoes this sentiment: in order for adaptation policy to be effective there must be sufficient public participation (IPCC 2014; Johnson et al. 2015; Kehler and Birchall 2021; Williams et al. 2020; MacDonald and Birchall 2019). Physicians, Climate Change and Human Health -- In her World Health Day 2008 address, “The impact of climate change on human health”, 2 WHO Director-Gen- eral, Dr. Margaret Chan, said, “The core concern is succinctly stated: climate change endangers health in funda- mental ways. She drew at- tention to the fact that, “last year marked the turning point in the debate of climate change. Climate Projections Indicate Catastrophic Consequences in the Middle East and North Africa Region: Why healthcare workers are conspicuously absent in climate change discourse -- https://doi.org/10.18295/squmj.10.2022.061 “This century is a special one, where we as humans destroy ourselves.” Martin Rees https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ Climate Projections Indicate Catastrophic Consequences in the Middle East and North Africa Region Why healthcare workers are conspicuously absent in climate change discourse 442 | SQU Medical Journal, November 2021, Volume 21, Issue 4 disorders.4 Related to this, living in a polluted setting has been documented to be critically associated with diminution of efficiency of higher human faculty, namely cognition with all the consequences this may entail.11 Second, climate changes increase pollen concentrations in the atmosphere, which exacerbates the conditions that are associated with pollen and allergens. Why healthcare workers are conspicuously absent in climate change discourse Samir Al-Adawi Sultan Qaboos University Med J, November 2022, Vol. 22, Iss. 4, pp. Granny Solidarity: Understanding Age and Generational Dynamics in Climate Justice Movements -- Critiques of white-centric and racist “white feminism” are often specifically linked to age and applied unilaterally to older white women, even though this kind of “feminism” can certainly exist among younger white women as well (Chazan & Baldwin, 2016; Cargle, 2018; Frazer-Carroll, 2019). In several actions, they mobilized their privilege as older white women along with ageist assumptions about their bodies in two strategic ways. Energy in a Changing Climate -- THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE WARMING In recent decades, changes in climate have caused impacts on natural and human systems on all continents and across the oceans. At present, the worldwide effect on human health of climate warming has been relatively small, although an increased heat-related mortality has been reported (e.g. the 2003 heat wave in central-south- ern Europe). Education in an Era of Climate Change: Conversing with Ten Thousand Voices -- It’s a human intelligence honed over millennia, through unimaginably vast numbers of individual observations, experiments, reflections, intuitions, refinements of art and experience and communication” (Black, 2012) there is a growing call from academics citizens around the world Indigenous Peoples and international civil society and ecojustice organizations (e.g. Klein, 2014; IPCC, 2014; Shiva, 2008; UNESCO, n.d; WCIP, 2014) for compelling new narratives to reshape the progress narrative of modernity that privileges mind over body heart and spirit as well as human over non-human and more-than-human there is increasing awareness that dismissing Indigenous knowledges and practices has created an imbalance a vacuum that impacts the ethnosphere and the biosphere with the loss of Indigenous knowledges comes the loss of “ten thousand different voices” (Davis, 2009) a diversity of ecological knowledges and practices for dealing with the challenges facing life on (and with) earth Atomic physics and human knowledge. Perspectives on climate change and adaptation funding in developing countries -- The Kyoto Protocol in 1997 set out the approach for binding international action with specific commitments till the 2012 being put in place; Lalthapersad-Pillay and Oosthuizen 376 • The World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 in South Africa also addressed the issue of climate change; • Climate change is s regular agenda item at G8 Summits. Perspectives on climate change and adaptation funding in developing countries P LALTHAPERSAD-PILLAY AND AG OOSTHUIZEN1 Abstract Most studies concur that climate change could seriously affect the sustainability and well-being of developing countries as they depend directly on climate-sensitive natural resources for their livelihood endeavours. The Rabbit and the Tortoise. Climate Change Policy Development on the Local Level in Norway and Poland -- Bulmer, S. and Padgett, S., ‘Policy Transfer in the European Union: An Institutionalist Perspective’, 2005, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 103-126. 13. 43, no. 8, pp. 842-868. Ecosystem-based climate change adaptation for Essenvelt, Middelburg, The Netherlands -- Combining climate change adaptation and mitigation measures at the local level. It is important to review climate change impacts with examples of related disasters to underscore the urgency for climate adaptation strategies. Scoping the nexus between climate change and water-security realities in rural South Africa -- In terms of water-related hazards and vulnerability, water security involves the protection of vulnerable water systems, sustainable development of water resources, protection against water-related hazards, and safeguarding access to water. Lucas (2015: 20) projects a 1.7% shortage in water supply by 2025, with a higher decline in water security in relatively dry catchment areas. Building resilience to climate change in vulnerable communities: A case study of uMkhanyakude district municipality -- Climate change and land: An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. Building resilience to climate change in vulnerable communities: A case study of uMkhanyakude district municipality. Trends in urban planning, climate adaptation and resilience in Zanzibar, Tanzania -- The local action plans for these urbanized localities were meant to contribute to sustainable economic development, climate change adaptation, and disaster risk reduction for these townships by developing effective institutional, sectoral and spatial governance arrangements in a participatory process. The geography of climate change adaptation in urban Africa. Introducing the Green Book: A practical planning tool for adapting South African settlements to climate change -- Figure 10: Mainstreaming climate change adaptation actions into plans Source: Pieterse et al., 2019b: 5 Figure 11: Step 1: Understand the local climate risk and vulnerability context Source: Le Roux et al., 2019c: online Willemien van Niekerk, Amy Pieterse & Alize le Roux • Introducing the Green Book 115 Step 2 (Figure 12) is to identify priority climate risks. Integrating climate adaptation in development plans and processes ensures that hard-won development gains are not undermined and that future interventions contribute to resilient settlements in light of a changing climate. Climate change and disaster preparedness issues in Eastern Cape and Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa -- The article summarises the causes, challenges, impacts, and solutions that can be considered to plan for disaster preparedness. Keywords: Climate change, climate literacy, disasters, disaster preparedness, early warnings, preparedness plans, urban planning, unplanned urbanisation KLIMAATSVERANDERING EN RAMPGEREEDHEIDSKWESSIES IN OOS- KAAP EN KWAZULU-NATAL, SUID-AFRIKA Hierdie artikel het gepoog om literatuur oor die doeltreffendheid van die rampgereedheidsplanne in twee provinsies wat in 2022 deur klimaatgeïnduseerde rampe in Suid-Afrika getref is, te hersien. Climate change, COVID-19 and war: Triad Litmus Test questioning the conscientiousness for collective action -- As threatening to human health as COVID-19 is, it affected global GHG emissions in the early period of its emergence (Bai et al., 2020). Similarly, Forster et al. (2020), using national mobility data to estimate global emission reductions for ten species between February and June 2020, discovered that NOx emissions decreased by 30% in April, thus adding to a short-term cooling since the start of 2020. International and national policy responses to combating global warming and climate change in Nigeria -- Gas flaring also severely impacts on the economics of a nation, in terms of the loss of funds and revenue, which it could have realised if it had conserved gas instead of flaring it (Ismail & Umukoro, 2012). This article reviews policy responses to reform climate change and global warming in Nigeria in light of oil exploration and gas flaring in the Niger Delta region. Climate change effects and livelihood-adaptation strategies by the urban poor in Ibadan, Nigeria -- The Respondents’ Agreement Index was used to measure the respondents’ awareness of climate change and climate change adaptation strategies. Tobit Regression Model was used to analyse the factors influencing climate change adaptation strategies, while the effects of climate change on residents’ livelihood were measured using Multinomial Logistic Regression. The Durban Climate Change Strategy: Lessons learnt from the 2021 strategy review and implementation plan -- Officials were concerned that DCCS reporting would create issues when reporting failures, particularly when implementing complex projects across multiple sectors Using the existing municipal reporting system, but adding DCCS projects outside of the core scoring system has alleviated this concern, allowing for failure and learning sometimes associated with climate change adaptation Fi na nc e su pp or t National funding opportunities There are limited opportunities for financing climate change interventions through national conditional and non-conditional grants Introducing a dedicated resource in the municipality to track, coordinate, and apply to funding grants for climate change projects can help overcome funding barriers International funding opportunities International financing presents opportunities through climate change project-preparation support There is a need for a dedicated resource in the municipality to track, coordinate, and apply to international grants for climate change projects Climate finance capacity building Climate finance training courses and ongoing support help develop project ideas into detailed project concepts that can be applied to financing opportunities as they emerge Hosting regular climate finance training workshops with climate change project managers can address capacity barriers by supporting the conceptualisation and financing of projects O’Donoghue, Morgan, Leck & Haydvogl 2022 Town and Regional Planning (81):84-96 93 5.2 Developing partnerships for climate change responses Section 2.2 reflected on the increasingly deployed enabling mode of multilevel governance, which describes how cities globally are increasingly forming partnerships and collaborations to address climate change (Bulkeley, 2012: 97). This system-wide transformative approach challenges the status quo in recognition of the complex multilayered challenges presented by climate change (Pelling, 2010). Climate Change Impacts on Texas Water: A White Paper Assessment of the Past, Present and Future and Recommendations for Action -- Unique aspects of Texas water resources and unknowns regarding impacts of climate change Unique aspects of Texas’ groundwater and surface water resources add to the uncertainty associated with the impact of climate change on Texas water. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on our analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding global climate change, Texas climate change, and the sensitivity of the state’s water resources to these changes, we make the following series of recommendations. Climate Change and Media Representation: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Clean Green Pakistan Policy from Eco-linguistic perspective -- Climate change is a reality which we are currently living in until and unless we recognize the need and importance of climate justice discourse, this issue of climate change cannot be resolved or mitigated in an equitable manner. Research Objectives The objectives of the current study are: ➢ To investigate the representation of climate change discourse in Pakistani print media advertisements ➢ To analyze several semiotic resource systems employed in the advertisements for projection of environment friendly narrative Research Questions Climate Change and Human Migration: Towards More Humane Interpretation of Refugee -- This article is concluded by reiterating and emphasizing that, although environmental refugees or climate refugees are not legally comprehended in the international legal framework, it is morally wrong for states and international organisations to leave them behind for a problem they did little or nothing to cause. This article is concluded by reiterating and emphasizing that, although environmental refugees or climate refugees are not legally comprehended in the international legal framework, it is morally wrong for states and international organisations to leave them behind for a problem they did little or nothing to cause. Valuation of Viticultural Adaptation to Climate Change in Vineyards: A Discrete Choice Experiment to Prioritize Trade-Offs Perceived by Citizens -- According to the aforementioned results conduct- ed on the vineyards of Mendoza (Uliarte et al., 2013; Castex et al., 2015; Martinez et al., 2018) and the cur- rent knowledge on the efficiency of the irrigation meth- ods (Morábito et al., 2007; Schilardi, 2015), on changes in the precipitation patterns (Boninsegna, 2014; Deis et al., 2015), and on population dynamics of pests, dis- eases and natural enemies (Hamada and Ghini, 2011; Vázquez, 2011; Deis et al., 2015), we hypothesised a pos- sible temperature-change scenario by 2050, which we will refer to as the ‘‘do-nothing’’ or ‘‘business-as-usual’’ (BAU) situation. 101Valuation of Viticultural Adaptation to Climate Change in Vineyards the rest of the vineyards, the estimated efficiency varies between 82% and 90% as a result of the implementation of water-saving technologies such as the drip irrigation system (Morábito et al., 2007; Schilardi et al., 2015). PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON NATURAL DISASTERS -- This perception of the problem of climate change changes after a personal confrontation with the consequences of climate change in the form of extreme weather conditions, which increases the desire to participate in solving the problem (Capstick et al., 2015). In some other research, age has been found to have a weak influence on climate change perception (Hesed & Paolisso, 2015; Howe, Mildenberger, Marlon, & Leiserowitz, 2015). CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: THE CASE OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES -- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2011.01065.x Catane, S. G., Carag, J. W. M., Flora, J. R. R., Go, C. M. M., Capino, J. B., Cesista, I. Y. A., . . . The Cartographic Journal, 53(4), 296–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087041.2016.1256963 Käyhkö, N., Khamis, Z. A., Eilola, S., Virtanen, E., Muhammad, M. J., Viitasalo, M., & Fagerholm, N. (2019). CLIMATE TRENDS OF TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION IN NIŠAVA RIVER VALLEY (SERBIA) FOR 1960-2015 PERIOD -- According to Rakićević (1976), Bela Palanka was the place with the smallest amount of mean annual precipitation (526 mm) for the period 1931 1960. Mean annual precipitation and mean monthly precipitation (mm) for meteorological station Niš for period 1960 2015 Figure 9. -- Eric Lease Morgan Navari Family Center for Digital Scholarship University of Notre Dame June 27, 2024